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Urinary tract
e9ad821a-c438-4965-9f77-760819dfa155
Chronic urethral obstruction because of urinary calculi, prostatic hyperophy, tumors, normal pregnancy, tumors, uterine prolapse or functional disorders cause hydronephrosis which by definition is used to describe dilatation of renal pelvis and calculus associated with progressive atrophy of the kidney due to obstructi...
Anatomy
{ "Correct Answer": "Atrophy", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Hyperplasia", "B": "Hyperophy", "C": "Atrophy", "D": "Dyplasia" }, "Question": "Chronic urethral obstruction due to benign prismatic hyperplasia can lead to the following change in kidney parenchyma" }
Vitamins and Minerals
e3d3c4e1-4fb2-45e7-9f88-247cc8f373b3
Ans. (c) Vitamin B12 Ref: Harrison's 19th ed. P 640* Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) is synthesized solely by microorganisms.* In humans, the only source for humans is food of animal origin, e.g., meat, fish, and dairy products.* Vegetables, fruits, and other foods of nonanimal origin doesn't contain Vitamin B12 .* Daily requi...
Biochemistry
{ "Correct Answer": "Vitamin B12", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Vitamin C", "B": "Vitamin B7", "C": "Vitamin B12", "D": "Vitamin D" }, "Question": "Which vitamin is supplied from only animal source:" }
Surgical Treatment Obesity
5c38bea6-787a-44a9-b2df-88f4218ab914
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Roux en Y Duodenal Bypass Bariatric surgical procedures include:a. Vertical banded gastroplastyb. Adjustable gastric bandingc. Roux-en Y gastric bypass (Not - Roux-en Y Duodenal Bypass)d. Biliopancreatic diversione. Duodenal switcho The surgical treatment of morbid obesity is known as bariatric surger...
Surgery
{ "Correct Answer": "Roux en Y Duodenal By pass", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Adjustable gastric banding", "B": "Biliopancreatic diversion", "C": "Duodenal Switch", "D": "Roux en Y Duodenal By pass" }, "Question": "All of the following are surgical options for morbid obesity exce...
null
cdeedb04-fbe9-432c-937c-d53ac24475de
The central aery of the retina is a branch of the ophthalmic aery. It is the sole blood supply to the retina; it has no significant collateral circulation and blockage of this vessel leads to blindness. The branches of this aery are what you view during a fundoscopic exam. Note: The infraorbital aery is a branch of the...
Ophthalmology
{ "Correct Answer": "Central aery of the retina", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Central aery of the retina", "B": "Infraorbital aery", "C": "Lacrimal aery", "D": "Nasociliary aretry" }, "Question": "Following endaerectomy on the right common carotid, a patient is found to be blind ...
null
dc6794a3-b108-47c5-8b1b-3b4931577249
Ans. is 'b' i.e., IGI-1GH has two major functions :-i) Growth of skeletal system :- The growth is mediated by somatomedins (IGF). Increased deposition of cailage (including chondroitin sulfate) and bone with increased proliferation of chondrocytes and osteocytes.ii) Metabolic effects :- Most of the metabolic effects ar...
Physiology
{ "Correct Answer": "IG1-1", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Directly", "B": "IG1-1", "C": "Thyroxine", "D": "Intranuclear receptors" }, "Question": "Growth hormone has its effect on growth through?" }
null
5ab84ea8-12d1-47d4-ab22-668ebf01e64c
Ans. C i.e. Mite
Social & Preventive Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "Mite", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Louse", "B": "Tick", "C": "Mite", "D": "Milk" }, "Question": "Scrub typhus is transmitted by: September 2004" }
null
a83de6e4-9427-4480-b404-d96621ebb640
Abnormal vascular pattern include punctation, mosaicism and atypical vessels.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
{ "Correct Answer": "Satellite lesions", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Punctation", "B": "Mosaicism", "C": "Satellite lesions", "D": "Atypical vessels" }, "Question": "Abnormal vascular patterns seen with colposcopy in case of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are all except" }
Urology
f3bf8583-231b-4b7a-828c-179b0f9ccdd9
PILONIDAL SINUS/DISEASE (Jeep Bottom; Driver's Bottom) Pilus--hair; Nidus--nest It is epithelium lined tract, situated sho distance behind the anus, containing hairs and unhealthy diseased granula- tion tissue. It is due to penetration of hairs through the skin into subcutaneous tissue. It forms granuloma/unhealthy gra...
Surgery
{ "Correct Answer": "Pilonidal sinus", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Anal fissure", "B": "Hemorrhoid", "C": "Pilonidal sinus", "D": "Rectal ulcer" }, "Question": "Per rectum examination is not a useful test for diagnosis of" }
null
73515f05-e947-4801-8077-3abdeca95c84
Remifentanil is the shortest acting opioid due to its metabolism by plasma esterase → dose adjustment is not needed in liver or kidney disease. It is more potent than alfentanil : Order of potency is Sufentanil > Fentanyl = Remifentanil > Alfentanil.
Anaesthesia
{ "Correct Answer": "abc", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "ab", "B": "bc", "C": "abc", "D": "bcd" }, "Question": "Characteristics of Remifentanyl – a) Metabolised by plasma esteraseb) Short half lifec) More potent than Alfentanyld) Dose reduced in hepatic and renal diseasee) Duration...
null
53f79833-21b0-4336-8ef4-404c687ec807
Ans. C. Deficit of expression by gestureHypomimiaHypomimia or amimia is a deficit or absence of expression by gesture or mimicry.This is usually most obvious as a lack of facial expressive mobility (mask - like facies).This is a feature of frontal subcoical disease.
Psychiatry
{ "Correct Answer": "Deficit of expression by gesture", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Decreased ability to copy", "B": "Decreased execution", "C": "Deficit of expression by gesture", "D": "Deficit of fluent speech" }, "Question": "Hypomimia is ?" }
Bacteriology
b3d1eb6c-3909-4011-ad10-d55538b81456
Nagler's reaction - when Clostridium perfringens is grown in media containing 6 % agar, 5% Fildes peptic digest of sheep blood and 20% human serum, with antitoxin spread on one half of plate, colonies in the other half without antitoxin will be surrounded by a zone of opacity. No opacity around the colonies on the half...
Microbiology
{ "Correct Answer": "Clostridium perfringens", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Clostridium tetani", "B": "Clostridium botulinum", "C": "Clostridium perfringens", "D": "Clostridium septicum" }, "Question": "Naglers reaction is shown by" }
null
e529be7c-f360-4dba-b313-7f3fc240697a
Here statement 1 & 3 are wrong. It is actually a direct pick from harrison, an impoant topic for entrance examinations hirsutism is seen in 10% of woman. Acromegaly rarely causes hirsutism. Ref: Harrisons Principles of Medicine, 18th Edition, Pages 380-382
Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "2, 4, 5 True & 1, 3 false", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "1, 2, 3 True & 4, 5 false", "B": "1, 3, 5 True & 2, 4 false", "C": "2, 4, 5 True & 1, 3 false", "D": "1, 2, 3, 4 True & 5 false" }, "Question": "Which of the following statements are True/False? 1. Hirsu...
General anatomy
4e6de6fe-8c69-4553-827d-417ce597f3ac
One of the most impoant pharmacokinetic changes associated with aging is decreased renal elimination of drugs. After age 40, creatinine clearance decreases an average of 8 mL/min/1.73 m2/decade; however, the age-related decrease varies substantially from person to person. Serum creatinine levels often remain within nor...
Anatomy
{ "Correct Answer": "Renal clearance", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Gastric absorption", "B": "Liver metabolism", "C": "Renal clearance", "D": "Hypersensitivity" }, "Question": "The pharmakokinetic change occurring in geriatric patient is due to" }
general microbiology
d64eabcf-da66-438f-a53f-7137d3bba9dd
Lag phase: Immediately following the seeding of a culture medium, there is no appreciable number, though there may be an increase in the size of the cells. This initial period is the time required for the adaptation to the new environment, during which the necessary enzymes and metabolic intermediates are built up in a...
Microbiology
{ "Correct Answer": "Time taken to adpt in the new environment", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Time taken to adpt in the new environment", "B": "Growth occurs exponentially", "C": "The plateau in lag phase is due to cell death", "D": "It is the 2nd phase in bacterial growth curve" },...
null
35a7eac4-fd96-4184-9a5f-86bba82a5b62
Urine microscopy for malignant cytology "Painless haematuria is by far the most common symptom of bladder cancer and should be regarded as indicative of a bladder carcinoma until proven otherwise." Bailey & Love 25/e p1336 (24/e p1363) Cigarette smoking is the main etiological factor and accounts ,for about 50% of blad...
Surgery
{ "Correct Answer": "Urine microscopy for malignant cytology cells", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "USG", "B": "X-ray KUB", "C": "Urine routine", "D": "Urine microscopy for malignant cytology cells" }, "Question": "A 60 yr old chronic smoker presents with painless gross hematuria of...
null
fabd82e2-8b86-429a-8adb-ac46dde1aba6
null
Pharmacology
{ "Correct Answer": "Adenosine receptors", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Histamine receptors", "B": "Bradykinin receptors", "C": "Adenosine receptors", "D": "Imidazoline receptors" }, "Question": "With which of the following receptors theophylline has an antagonistic interaction ?"...
General anatomy
f79a972f-3611-4cdc-837e-ce2f9393f592
Ref William hematology 6/e p1268 The term cryoglobulinemia refers to the presence in the serum of proteins that precipitate at temperatures below 37 degrees C and redissolve on rewarming. ... The elective treatment for hyperviscosity syndrome, whether associated with monoclonal, mixed, or polyclonalcryoglobulinemia, is...
Anatomy
{ "Correct Answer": "Cryoglobulinemia", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Cryoglobulinemia", "B": "Multiple myeloma", "C": "MGUS", "D": "Lymphoma" }, "Question": "Hyper viscosity is seen in" }
Biostatistics
b1a4e1b8-fb3d-40e4-9da7-ebc8a9c0963b
A distribution is negatively skewed, or skewed to the left, if the scores fall toward the higher side of the scale and there are very few low scores. In positively skewed distributions, the mean is usually greater than the median, which is always greater than the mode. Ref :
Social & Preventive Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "Mean", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Mean", "B": "Mode", "C": "Median", "D": "All are equal" }, "Question": "For a positively skewed curve which measure of central tendency is largest" }
null
26ac2e3d-bbd7-44d6-968a-feeb54cf1a92
Maturation (cement)—The process of hardening a cement matrix through hydration with oral fluids to achieve greater mechanical strength. Ref: Phillip’s Science of Dental Materials ed 12 pg 309
Dental
{ "Correct Answer": "Maturation", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Maturation", "B": "Setting", "C": "Hardening", "D": "Mineralization" }, "Question": "The process of hardening a cement matrix through hydration with oral fluids to achieve greater mechanical strength is known as:" }
Embryology
56b5a2d2-044c-4b80-b778-6fa762206f52
Ans. C Cardinal veinRef; hangman's essesntial medical Embroyology pg. 57# During early embryonic development (through 4th week), paired cardinal veins drain the body. Anterior cardinal veins drain the head and upper limb buds, while posterior cardinal veins drain the body. Both the anterior and posterior veins on each ...
Anatomy
{ "Correct Answer": "Cardinal vein", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Aortic arch", "B": "Pharyngeal arch", "C": "Cardinal vein", "D": "Vitelline vein" }, "Question": "Superior vena cava is derived from:" }
Testis & Scrotum
9ecbc05b-b255-47b5-b7b1-bf55f0f21abd
Ans) a (Abdominal aorta ....) Ref Chaurasia vol 2 pg 186Testicular artery is a branch of abdominal aorta given off at the level of vertebrae L2.Venous drainageVeins emerging from the testis forms pampiniform plexus. Plexus condenses into 4 veins at the superficial inguinal ring & into 2 veins at the deep inguinal ring....
Surgery
{ "Correct Answer": "Abdominal aorta below renal artery", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Abdominal aorta below renal artery", "B": "Renal artery", "C": "Internal iliac artery", "D": "Ext iliac artery" }, "Question": "Testicular artery usually arises from" }
null
2583b8c8-aeaa-47c0-86fb-5efc9f386de6
The vocal fold of the excised larynx is known to be located at an intermediate position(the so-called cadaver position).
ENT
{ "Correct Answer": "Intermediate", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Median", "B": "Paramedian", "C": "Intermediate", "D": "Full Abduction" }, "Question": "Position of vocal cord in cadaver is:" }
null
e9038cb9-56db-473d-9d3f-440f130295ec
null
Microbiology
{ "Correct Answer": "Treponema pallidum", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Leptospira", "B": "Treponema pallidum", "C": "Bordetella", "D": "Staphylococcus" }, "Question": "Organisms that has not been cultured successfully so far is-" }
Non communicable diseases
b77af8ce-2e9c-4979-a544-a2331f86f6b1
WHO CUT-OFF POINTS OF WHR Indicator CUT-OFF points Risk of metabolic complications Waist circumference >94 cm (M) >80 cm (W) Increased Hip cirrcumference >102 cm (M) >88 cm (W) Substantially increased Waist-Hip ratio >= 0.95(M) >= 0.80(W) Substantially increased Ref: Park 23rd edition Pgno : 400 WC & WHR, WHO Consultat...
Social & Preventive Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "0.8", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "0.7", "B": "0.8", "C": "0.9", "D": "1" }, "Question": "Normal waist hip ratio of a female is below" }
Kidney
f5df7424-6485-43fa-ba98-6de498561a76
Chronic pyelonephritis is characterized by renal inflammation and scarring induced by recurrent or persistent renal infection, vesicoureteral reflux, or other causes of urinary tract obstruction. VUR is a congenital condition that results from incompetence of the ureterovesical valve due to a sho intramural segment Ref...
Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "Vesicoureteral reflux induced pyelonephritis", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Trauma", "B": "Tuberculosis", "C": "Vesicoureteral reflux induced pyelonephritis", "D": "Interstitial nephritis" }, "Question": "The most common cause of renal scaring in a 3 year old ...
Poisoning
99ae24e6-10c3-48b5-8c69-a8784ce4a4fc
All patients with a history of snake bite should be observed for 8-12 h after the bite, if the skin is broken and the offending snake cannot be positively identified as non-poisonous. Ref: Krishnan vij ; 5th ed; Page no: 484
Forensic Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "Wait and watch", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Incision and suction", "B": "Wait and watch", "C": "Local subcutaneous antisnake venom", "D": "Intravenous antisnake venom" }, "Question": "A 6hours old snake bite patient comes to emergency with mild local edema a...
null
a822c6ea-6cfd-44c1-890f-6fac4b97e16d
Intracranial CSF leaks cause bacterial meningitis, about 80% are caused by S. Pneumoniae. Other causative organisms are meningococcus, Hemophilus species and S.aurues. Ref: Clinical Pediatric Neurology By Ronald B. David, Page 217
Pediatrics
{ "Correct Answer": "Pneumococci", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Meningococci", "B": "Pneumococci", "C": "Hemophilus Influenza", "D": "E. Coli" }, "Question": "Which of the following agents is most commonly associated with recurrent meningitis due to CSF leaks?" }
Facial Nerve And Its Disorders
69e9312c-9be5-4efe-a981-6bd7be0ef65b
(b) Facial nerve repair(Ref. Scott Brown, 6th ed., 1404)Since generally following trauma the facial nerve injury occurs as sudden onset. Facial decompression should be the best option.
ENT
{ "Correct Answer": "Facial nerve repair", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Facial sling", "B": "Facial nerve repair", "C": "Conservative management", "D": "Systemic corticosteroids" }, "Question": "Treatment of choice in traumatic facial nerve injury is:" }
null
108ff605-0712-4a5b-8a74-aa8cbefc3d07
Ans. B i.e. Demonstrations Demonstration involves showing by reason or proof explaining or making clear by use of examples or experiments. Put more simply, demonstration means to clearly show
Social & Preventive Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "Demonstrations", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Chalk and talk/Lecture", "B": "Demonstrations", "C": "Role play", "D": "Flash cards" }, "Question": "What is the best method of informing the rural population about Oral rehydration technique: March 2013 (d, f)" }
null
24b17b1d-0dac-4da1-b215-22451784b9b6
null
Anatomy
{ "Correct Answer": "Basal vessel.", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Basal vessel.", "B": "Marginal vessel.", "C": "Central vessel.", "D": "Lateral vessel." }, "Question": "Lymph vessel which drain the posterior 1/3 rd of the tongue:" }
null
e7f60d58-db4c-4067-981b-2988a9de88ff
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Age < 3 years Post operative nausea and vomiting (PONY) following strabismus surgery It can cause post - op wound dehiscence, hematoma, orbital hemorrhage and aspiration. 30 % of all procedures are associated with PONV. Major risk factors are: Age > 3years Duration of anesthesia > 30 mins Personal or ...
Anaesthesia
{ "Correct Answer": "Age < 3years", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Age < 3years", "B": "Duration of anesthesia > 30 mins", "C": "Personal or family history of post - op nausea and vomiting", "D": "Personal or family history of motion sickness" }, "Question": "Risk factors associated...
null
7f11c629-b766-486f-a98e-6de0a2be8ae3
null
Orthopaedics
{ "Correct Answer": "Involves Epiphyseal plate", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Common in children", "B": "Severe pain", "C": "Involves Epiphyseal plate", "D": "Treatment involves 6 weeks of Antibiotics" }, "Question": "All are True about Acute Osteomyelitis except" }
Spos Injury
7a14deed-5c09-443b-9221-10f3a70fb6a4
Standard poals in knee ahroscopy Anterolateral poal Almost all the structures within the knee joint can be seen except- posterior cruciate ligament anterior poion of the lateral meniscus periphery of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus in tight knees. Anteromedial poal Additional viewing of lateral compament Post...
Orthopaedics
{ "Correct Answer": "To see patellofemoral aiculation", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "To see patellofemoral aiculation", "B": "To see the posterior cruciate ligament", "C": "To see the anterior poion of lateral meniscus", "D": "To see the periphery of the posterior horn of medial menis...
Miscellaneous (Obs)
05e92aa4-f149-49d2-bfb3-48263f7de421
Ans. C. Most common in non-pregnant womenCandidiasis is caused by Candida albinism which thrives in an acidic medium with an abundant supply of carbohydrates. It is found commonly in pregnancy, and in patients on oral contraceptives, antibiotics and. corticosteroids. It is also seen in patients with diabetes. It causes...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
{ "Correct Answer": "Most common in non-pregnant women", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Cottage cheese like secretions are seen", "B": "Intense pruritus", "C": "Most common in non-pregnant women", "D": "Buds and hyphae seen in KOH preparation" }, "Question": "Regarding vaginal candi...
null
d27fbb91-ef90-4092-9175-636be25c357f
Left lateral decubitus view demonstrates the air between dense shadow of liver and the abdominal wall.
Radiology
{ "Correct Answer": "Left lateral decubitus view", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Left lateral decubitus view", "B": "Right lateral decubitus view", "C": "Supine", "D": "Prone" }, "Question": "25 year old patient Suspected to have a pneumoperitoneum. Patient is unable to stand. Best...
Mycology
2b42ac45-27a8-4304-b28d-7554722e76ba
Aspergillus species are widely distributed on decaying plants, producing chains of conidia. Aspergillus species unlike Candida species do not form the pa of normal flora of humans. They are ubiquitous in the environment; hence transmission of infection is mostly exogenous. Aspergillus transmission occurs by inhalation ...
Microbiology
{ "Correct Answer": "Lungs", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Puncture wound", "B": "Blood", "C": "Lungs", "D": "Gastrointestinal tract" }, "Question": "What is the most probable poal of entry of Aspergillus?" }
null
836756cc-2b92-483b-a8cc-302b578a9eaa
Ans. is 'c' i.e., KaryotypingTOF has been associated with untreated maternal diabetes, phenylketonuria, and intake of retinoic acid.Associated chromosomal anomalies occur in 30% cases and include trisomies 21, 18, 13 and 22q11 microdeletion, especially in pulmonary atresia and absent pulmonary valve syndrome (APVS).The...
Pediatrics
{ "Correct Answer": "Karyotyping", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Balloon valvotomy", "B": "Open hea surgery", "C": "Karyotyping", "D": "Aspirin" }, "Question": "For TOF management in antenatal period includes ?" }
Anatomy of Bone & Fracture Healing
08255d75-8015-4389-b7ce-7621634c98d2
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Calcification of discAlkaptonuria# It is due to deficiency of homogentisate oxidase. As a result homogentisic acid (homogentisate) is excreted execessively in urine, There are three important characteristic features in alkaptonuria-Urine becomes dark after being exposed to air. It is due spontaneous o...
Orthopaedics
{ "Correct Answer": "Calcification of disc", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Calcification of disc", "B": "Bamboo spine", "C": "Increased disc space", "D": "None" }, "Question": "What change will be seen in vertebral column in ochronosis-" }
null
55b3bce3-3a08-4770-a6c6-c416160de22e
null
Dental
{ "Correct Answer": "Class - 2", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Class - 1", "B": "Class - 2", "C": "Class - 3", "D": "Class - 4" }, "Question": "If solid line represent the rigid height, then the following diagram with excessive inter arch space is classified in?" }
null
476a3ecd-7c42-4c85-9982-1ce80c95ab82
Ans. is b' i.e., Mean-Mode Measures of Skewness o There are following measures of skewness 1. Karl pearson's measure The formula for measuring skewness is divided into a) absolute measure Skewness = Mean - Mode b) relative measure The relative measure is known as the Coefficient of Skewness and is more frequently used ...
Social & Preventive Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "Mean - Mode/ SD", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Mode - Mean/ SD", "B": "Mean - Mode/ SD", "C": "SD/Mode - mean", "D": "Mean - Mode/ SD" }, "Question": "Pearsonian measure of skewness -" }
null
509f300d-f354-48fb-a2c9-fb1a55cb8e00
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Corneal ulceration
Ophthalmology
{ "Correct Answer": "Corneal ulceration", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Angle closure glaucoma", "B": "Endophthalmitis", "C": "Central serous retinopathy", "D": "Corneal ulceration" }, "Question": "Following are the causes of sudden loss of vision except ?" }
General anatomy
cb8dbb33-9f74-4e01-8ac3-fe295178d2a1
Red pulp and White pulp are present in spleenHistologically, a lymph node is subdivided into three regions: coex, paracoex, and medulla. All three regions have a rich supply of sinusoids, enlarged endothelially lined spaces through which lymph percolates.The afferent lymph vessels pierce the capsule on the convex surfa...
Anatomy
{ "Correct Answer": "Red pulp and White pulp are present", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Subcapsular sinus present", "B": "Both Efferent and Afferent are present", "C": "Coex and Medulla are present", "D": "Red pulp and White pulp are present" }, "Question": "All of the following a...
Cerebrum
21ab1846-bbea-4bca-bd03-8933fa61ea5d
Ans. is 'a' i.e Rt. Leg and perineum Paracentral lobule:On the medial surface of cerebral hemisphere, the U shaped gyrus around the end of the central sulcus is the paracentral lobule.Motor cortex is located in the precentral gyrus on the superolateral surface of the hemisphere and in the anterior part of the paracentr...
Anatomy
{ "Correct Answer": "Rt. Leg and perineus", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Rt. Leg and perineus", "B": "Left face", "C": "Right face", "D": "Right shoulder & trunk" }, "Question": "During Sx for meningioma, the left paracentral lobule was injured. It would lead to paresis of" }
Trauma
af3f9375-99f2-4495-8e66-c875d70c9612
Chronic Subdural Empyema It may be primary infection of subdural space from sinusitis focus causing suppuration and pus formation. It can be complication of the chronic subdural haematoma. It is due to secondary bacterial infection of collected clot/fluid. Infection is from sinusitis scalp (common)/through earlier trau...
Surgery
{ "Correct Answer": "H. influenza", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "H. influenza", "B": "Neisseria meningitits", "C": "Streptococcus pneumonia", "D": "Enterococcus" }, "Question": "Which of the following bacterial meningitis is associated with sudural effusion?" }
Reversible Cell Injury
af913acc-4ca3-4266-a199-86b667524325
The increased size of the cells is due to the synthesis and assembly of additional intracellular structural components. Hyperophy refers to an increase in the size of cells, which results in an increase in the size of the affected organ. Cells capable of division may respond to stress by undergoing both hyperplasia and...
Pathology
{ "Correct Answer": "There is an increase in the number of cells.", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Occurs due to synthesis and assembly of additional intracellular components.", "B": "There is an increase in the size of the cells.", "C": "Cells capable of division respond to stress by hyper...
null
90c75fdd-c6c6-4320-8411-9a5a750b5c5d
A i.e. Na+
Physiology
{ "Correct Answer": "Na+", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Na+", "B": "Ca++", "C": "K+", "D": "Cl-" }, "Question": "Glucose sympo occurs with:" }
null
4fb5da8e-6fa9-4308-829d-bef54d70af7c
null
Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "Worsen on exposure to heat", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Can leads to sudden bilateral blindness", "B": "More corrunon in females", "C": "Worsen on exposure to heat", "D": "Mostly affects elderly" }, "Question": "All are true about temporal arteritis except -...
null
9595ba1f-bc34-42ab-8603-45961b925ad0
null
Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "Hemodialysis", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Hemodialysis", "B": "Sodium bicarbonate infusion", "C": "Insulin and glucose infusion", "D": "Intravenous calcium gluconate" }, "Question": "Of the various modalities used in the treatment of re-threatening effects o...
Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids
b801715b-75b9-41bd-8f3c-828469d01266
Ans : B (NAD+) & C (NADPH) In chronic alcoholism rate limiting component for alcohol metabolism is NAD* & NADPHOxidation of ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenaseQ & NADQ leads to excess production of NADHSome metabolism of ethanol takes place via a cytochrome P450 dependent microsomal ethanol oxidising systme (MEOS) Q invol...
Biochemistry
{ "Correct Answer": "NAD+", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "NADP", "B": "NAD+", "C": "NADPH", "D": "FADH" }, "Question": "In chronic alcoholism the rate limiting component for alcohol metabolism excluding enzymes is/are : (PGI Dec 2008)" }
Other NHPs
12b668e8-af03-47d7-bc80-41dec978da4d
National Iodine deficiency disorder programme , 1992: - National goitre control programme, 1962 is conveed to NIDDCP, 1992 - Impact indicators: Major indicator - Urinary iodine excretion levels ( generally measured in pregnant women over 24hrs) Others - Neonatal hypothyroidism , Goitre - Level of salt iodinisation: 30 ...
Social & Preventive Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "15 ppm", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "5 ppm", "B": "30 ppm", "C": "15 ppm", "D": "20 ppm" }, "Question": "Minimum level of iodine iodized salt reaching the consumer level according to iodine programme should be:-" }
Concept of Health and Disease
8a72ed74-b546-481b-bf0c-0c812ce2f3df
(A1I of the above) (54- Park 20th)Specific death rates - may be (a) cause or disease specific e.g. TB, cancer, accidents (b) Related to specific groups e.g. age specific, sex specific, age and sex specific etc.* Rates can also be made specific for many others variables such as income, religion, race, housing etc.* Spec...
Social & Preventive Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "All of the above", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Specific for age and sex", "B": "Identify particular group or groups \"at risk\" for preventive action", "C": "Find out cause or disease specific", "D": "All of the above" }, "Question": "True statement regarding...
Communicable diseases
6d21ae16-b1b7-42d3-ba62-7e310d8b0198
New recommended regimen/Schedule (New guidelines( Type of prophylaxis Regimen Post exposure Intramuscular Essen Regimen (1-1-1-1-1) Day 0,3,7,14,28 Post exposure intradermal Updated Thai Red Cross Regimen (2-2-2-0-2) Day 0,3,7,28 Post exposure in vaccinated individuals Day 0,3 Pre-exposure prophylaxis Day 0,7,21/28 Min...
Social & Preventive Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "0, 7, 28", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "0, 3, 7, 14, 28, 90", "B": "0, 3, 7, 28, 90", "C": "0, 3", "D": "0, 7, 28" }, "Question": "Pre-exposure prophylaxis for rabies is given on days" }
null
bf09d252-e987-480b-9a17-fe566ad398b9
Ans. C: Epiphora SjOgren's syndrome (also known as "Mikulicz disease" and "Sicca syndrome", is a systemic autoimmune disease in which immune cells attack and destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva SjOgren's syndrome can exist as a disorder in its own right (Primary Sjogren's syndrome) or it may devel...
Ophthalmology
{ "Correct Answer": "Epiphora", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Keratoconjuctivitis sicca", "B": "Rheumatoid ahritis", "C": "Epiphora", "D": "Autoimmune in nature" }, "Question": "Regarding Sjogren's syndrome, all are true except: September 2010" }
null
a79732e1-a0c9-4e81-bce6-fbcacaaab4e7
A i.e. Fine froth in mouth & nostril
Forensic Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "Froth in mouth and nostrils", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Froth in mouth and nostrils", "B": "Cutis anserina", "C": "Washerman's hand", "D": "Water in nose" }, "Question": "Best indicator of antemoum drowning is :" }
null
432ce240-2b6c-47aa-afd7-18bd49806239
Ans. B i.e. Sickle cell anemia Splenomegaly Splenomegaly refers strictly to spleen enlargement, and is distinct from hyperspineism , which connotes overactive function by a spleen of any size. Splenomegaly and hypersplenism should not be confused. Each may be found separately, or they may coexist. Clinically if a splee...
Pathology
{ "Correct Answer": "Sickle cell anemia", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Megaloblastic anemia", "B": "Sickle cell anemia", "C": "Thalassemia", "D": "G6PD deficiency" }, "Question": "Splenomegaly may be a feature of: March 2013" }
Antiplatelets and Fibrinolytics
e6c29c8b-af47-4dd6-8154-663358bed3b8
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Prasugrel Glycoproteins lIb / IIIa inhibitorso The platelet glycoprotein mediates platelet aggregation via binding of adhesive proteins such as fibrinogen and Von Willebrand factor.o GP lib / Ilia inhibitors, inhibit platelet aggregation by blocking GPIIb / IlIa.o They are more complete inhibitors tha...
Pharmacology
{ "Correct Answer": "Prasugrel", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Abciximab", "B": "Eptifibatide", "C": "Tirofiban", "D": "Prasugrel" }, "Question": "Gp2b3A inhibitors are all except -" }
null
81b24099-1d53-4130-ac61-72364a99d53f
null
Social & Preventive Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "Odds ratio can be calculated", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "It proceeds from cause to effect", "B": "Odds ratio can be calculated", "C": "Incidence can be calculated", "D": "Needs many patients" }, "Question": "True of case control studies -" }
null
c08137c8-34c0-4f03-9b07-227dfeb8ec8e
Carboxylation is a function of carboxylase enzymes which belong to the class of 'Ligases'. It is not a function of oxygenase enzymes. Monoxygenases incorporate one atom of oxygen and play an impoant role in hydroxylation of steroids. Dioxygenases incorporate 2 atoms of oxygen into the substrate. Ref: Harper's Illustrat...
Biochemistry
{ "Correct Answer": "Required for carboxylation of drugs", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Incorporate 2 atoms of oxygen", "B": "Incorporate 1 atom of oxygen", "C": "Required for hydroxylation of steroids", "D": "Required for carboxylation of drugs" }, "Question": "All of the followi...
null
95a23ec3-c2d6-40f4-890f-bece76c568cd
Ans. Gross negligence
Forensic Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "Gross negligence", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "He is from corporate hospital", "B": "Negligence is from inadveent error", "C": "Simple negligence", "D": "Gross negligence" }, "Question": "According to recent SC judgment, doctor can be charged for medical negl...
Immunology
3c3ba303-b196-45de-8ced-6c888c9e0d4e
An antigen is any substance that causes an immune system to produce antibodies against it. Antigens are usually peptides, polysaccharides or lipids. In general, molecules other than peptides (saccharides and lipids) qualify as antigens but not as immunogens since they cannot elicit an immune response on their own. Ref:...
Microbiology
{ "Correct Answer": "Polysaccharide", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Polysaccharide", "B": "Protein", "C": "Antigen", "D": "Effector" }, "Question": "Which of the following is very difficult to induce antibody -" }
Epidemiology
452b1926-6027-40a1-a934-6d58f2a8caed
Tools of measurement in epidemics: - Rate = x 1000/ 10000/ 100000 ; a is pa of b - Ratio = a/b ; a is not a pa of b - Propoion = x 100 = % ; a is pa of b Prevalence = No. of all current cases of a disease at a time /Estimated total population at that time X 100 Hence, Prevalence is a propoion (Prevalence is NOT a Ratio...
Social & Preventive Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "Propoion", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Rate", "B": "Ratio", "C": "Propoion", "D": "None of the above" }, "Question": "Prevalence is a:" }
General
9531838e-9009-47d8-8d6e-3880fab47804
Ans. is 'a' i.e., 3rd left intercostal space o Best areas to auscultate for both components of the second heart sound (A2 and P2) are either the left sternal border at the level of second intercostal space (Pulmonic area) or the left sternal border at the level of third intercostal space (Erb s point).
Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "3rd left intercostal space", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "3rd left intercostal space", "B": "2nd right intercostal space", "C": "4th left intercostal space", "D": "5th left intercostal space" }, "Question": "S2 is best appreciated in -" }
Congenital Dislocation of Hip (C.D.H.)
764ad788-556b-49cd-b976-c93086492894
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Flexion, adduction & internal rotation Hip conditionDeformitySynovitisArthritisPosterior dislocationAnterior dislocationFemoral neck fractureIntertrochantric fractureFlexion, abduction, external rotation, apparent lengtheningFlexion, adduction, internal rotation, true shorteningFlexion, adduction, int...
Orthopaedics
{ "Correct Answer": "Flexion, adduction & internal rotation", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Flexion, abduction & external rotation", "B": "Flexion, adduction & internal rotation", "C": "Flexion, adduction & external rotation", "D": "Flexion, abduction & internal rotation" }, "Quest...
Complications Of Anaesthesia
52e6dc81-fb25-495d-b941-543e03158f7c
Ans. b. SuxamethoniumSuxamethonium is the drug most commonly responsible for causing malignant hyperthermia.'Drugs causing malignant hyperthermia are- succinylcholine (most common cause), halothane (MC inhalational agent), iso/des/sevo/methoxy- fluranes, lignocaine, TCA, MAO inhibitors and phenothiazines.''Thiopentone ...
Anaesthesia
{ "Correct Answer": "Suxamethonium", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Cisatracurium", "B": "Suxamethonium", "C": "Propofol", "D": "Thiopentone" }, "Question": "Drug causing malignant hyperthermia:(Asked twice in the exam)" }
Environment and Health
91d73a6d-7f5b-44bb-b0ac-477ea9338efb
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Malathion* Insectisides used for control of malaria are-i) Residual sprapy-# In residual spray, spraying of houses with residual insectisides is done. Residual insectisides remains active over extended periods i.e., they have residual action even after the time of spray.# Commonly used residual insect...
Social & Preventive Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "Malathion", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Malathion", "B": "Pyrethrum", "C": "Paris green", "D": "Permethrin" }, "Question": "Household insectiside used for malaria-" }
G.I.T
d9f648af-a752-4368-999d-05e13c345ce0
Obstructive jaundice Most common surgical cause of obstructive jaundice is CBD stones Characterized by dark urine, pale coloured stools, icterus and Pruritus Presence of urobilinogen in urine rules out obstructive jaundice USG is the best test to differentiate medical from surgical jaundice Unconjugated bilirubin is no...
Anatomy
{ "Correct Answer": "Unconjugated bilirubin", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Unconjugated bilirubin", "B": "Pruritus", "C": "Pale stools", "D": "Icterus" }, "Question": "False about obstructive jaundice" }
Head and neck
0e3852f0-45a6-493c-96d5-aefe1e0fa769
structures outside the sinus: 1. Superiorly: optic tract, optic chiasma, olfactory tract, internal carotid aery and anterior perforated substance. 2.inferiorly: foramen lacerum and the junction of the body and greater wing of the sphenoid bone 3.medically: hypophysis cerebri and sphenoidal air sinus 4.laterally: tempor...
Anatomy
{ "Correct Answer": "Maxillary nerve", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Sphenoidal air sinus", "B": "Internal carotid aery", "C": "Foramen lacerum", "D": "Maxillary nerve" }, "Question": "All of the following structure lies outside the cavernous sinus except" }
Intra Uterine Growth Restriction, Intrapaum and Antepaum Fetal Surviellance
1d4ccb9d-1924-4aa6-b07c-0ed46fe31c20
Electrical Fetal hea monitoring is useful as: (1) Provides accurate information, (2) Helpful in diagnosing fetal distress, (3) Directs about intervention to prevent fetal death or morbidity, (4) It is superior to intermittent monitoring methods.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
{ "Correct Answer": "Continuous electrical fetal hea monitoring", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Fetal echocardiography", "B": "Fetal scalp pH", "C": "Continuous electrical fetal hea monitoring", "D": "Physical examination" }, "Question": "Which of the following is the best procedur...
null
236d1eb1-f2e1-43b0-90f3-f88deff358cb
The spirometer is a simple device for measuring gas volumes. The frequently used water spirometer, rolling seal spirometer and bellows spirometer. The last two are not water-filled and are more poable. The VT, IRV, ERV, IC, and VC can all be measured with a spirometer (as can the forced expiratory volume in 1 second , ...
Physiology
{ "Correct Answer": "ERV", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "TLC", "B": "RV", "C": "Closing volume", "D": "ERV" }, "Question": "Which of the following is measured by the device, Bellow's spirometer?" }
Enterobecteriaceae
a2630da3-17a1-4149-b424-4b04b2c42f1c
Ans: a (Salmonella typhimurium) Ref: Ananathanarayan,7th ed, p. 303Of the above given, S. typhimurium causes food poisoningSalmonella gastroenteritisS. typhimurium is the most common cause of food poisoning due to salmonella species.Incubation period--6-24 hrsFood poisoning is never caused by S. typhi. Source of transm...
Microbiology
{ "Correct Answer": "Salmonella typhimurium", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Salmonella typhimurium", "B": "Enterococcus", "C": "Diphtheria", "D": "Pseudomonas" }, "Question": "Which of the following is a newly emerging food poisoning organism" }
null
f94f9f8f-fb28-44f0-9381-3dca473e305d
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Endothelium The most acceptable hypothesis for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is "the response to injury hypothesis". According to this hypothesis, atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory response of the aerial wall initiated by injury to endothelium. Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis Following s...
Pathology
{ "Correct Answer": "Endothelium", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Smooth muscle", "B": "Media", "C": "Adventitia", "D": "Endothelium" }, "Question": "Atherosclerosis initiation by fibroblast plaque is mediated by injury to ?" }
null
bdf94942-49c0-4d9a-b990-a7bfb7099857
Monocyte is considered as the second line of defence.   Phagocytosis by Macrophages. Macrophages are the end-stage product of monocytes that enter the tissues from the blood. When activated by the immune system, they are much more powerful phagocytes than neutrophils, often capable of phagocytizing as many as 100 bacte...
Physiology
{ "Correct Answer": "Monocyte", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Neutrophil", "B": "Eosinophil", "C": "Basophil", "D": "Monocyte" }, "Question": "The WBC that is considered “second line of defence” is:" }
Psychiatric Illness
cbc8a1b1-532c-490e-a17d-9168083fabae
Lithium Use : Prophylaxis of mania alone, with sedatives in acute mania. Monitoring of S. concentration is significant to know the toxicity of drug S/E of Lithium Lithium use for a long time causes benign and reversible T-wave flattening Seizures Polyuria and compensatory polydipsia Dermatitis, folliculitis, vasculitis...
Pharmacology
{ "Correct Answer": "Can result in leucocytosis", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Monotherapy for acute episodes", "B": "Monitoring of serum concentration is not useful for guiding dose adjustment", "C": "Can result in leucocytosis", "D": "Can result in hypehyroidism on long term use" ...
null
2b7ff41e-66e4-467a-97ec-9ea4e5e98cbc
Pulse oxymetry- Based on Beer Lambert law Utilization of a probe that transmits red (640 mm) and infrared light Photo detector as a receptor site Different absorption ability of light by oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin leads to changes in the amount of light differently absorbed by the vascular bed before reac...
Dental
{ "Correct Answer": "Beer's law.", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Beer's law.", "B": "Pascal's law.", "C": "Doppler law.", "D": "Poisslues law." }, "Question": "Determination of Pulp vitality by pulse oximeter based on:" }
null
c5165fb3-3a59-49ed-9de0-4dbbced2cf08
null
Surgery
{ "Correct Answer": "Monozygotic twins", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Unrelated donors", "B": "Related donors", "C": "Monozygotic twins", "D": "From the same individual" }, "Question": "An Isograft indicates transfer of tissues between -" }
All India exam
e197f947-1bdd-4efd-887a-b72faa9441c5
Causes of congenital blindness:ToxoplasmosisCongenital cataractsGenetic diseaseCongenital rubellaCongenital glaucomaUsher syndrome(Refer: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics, SAE, 1st edition, pg no. 318 - 319)
Pediatrics
{ "Correct Answer": "Vitamin A deficiency", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Toxoplasmosis", "B": "Congenital rubella", "C": "Vitamin A deficiency", "D": "Cataract" }, "Question": "All of the following are causes of congenital blindness Except" }
null
b15c5039-0f3c-4195-8331-35b9632899c7
"In epidemic dropsy, glaucoma is wide angle glaucoma, with normal chamber and angle. Outflow is within normal limits. The queous shows raised level of histamin, prostaglandin and protein suggesting that glaucoma is hypersecretory". _ Mukherjee
Ophthalmology
{ "Correct Answer": "Epidemic dropsy", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Epidemic dropsy", "B": "Marfan's syndrome", "C": "Hypertension", "D": "Diabetes" }, "Question": "Hypersecretory glaucoma is seen in –" }
Myasthenia Gravis and Muscular dystrophy
01b9f068-4db2-45e5-94b8-19d4f7d290f7
Facial muscle involvement is not seen with Becker and Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy Emery Dreifuss and Becker are XLR disease so can't be present in a girl child. Hence by exclusion the diagnosis is Dx: Scapulo-Faciohumeraldystrophy. Facio-Scapulo-humeral dystrophy Autosomal dominant inheritance and has an onset in ch...
Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "Scapulofaciohumeral dystrophy", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy", "B": "Becker muscular dystrophy", "C": "Limb-girdle dystrophy", "D": "Scapulofaciohumeral dystrophy" }, "Question": "A 14-year-old girl presents with quadriparesis...
Anatomy
44e3f7ec-ad90-49bc-9f91-54f959bae81b
Ans. b (normal rye medium will permit wavelength of 400- 700 ntn) Ref: yanoff 3rd ed p 383, internet sitesCornea and lens act as special filters absorbing the more energetic wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum that can damage the retina. Cornea absorbs wavelength below 295nm where as lens absorbs strongly in the...
Ophthalmology
{ "Correct Answer": "Normal eye medium will permit wavelength of 400- 700 nm", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Cornea cut off wavelength upto 400 nm", "B": "Normal eye medium will permit wavelength of 400- 700 nm", "C": "Even after cataract surgery UV rays are not penetrated", "D": "Lens...
null
6a19df3c-6af0-4673-8e2b-02d86ddc7523
Extensor digitorum Hybrid muscles are the muscles having more than one nerve supply Pctoralis major: lateral & medial pectoral nerves Brachialis: additional proprioceptive fibres from radial nerve, in addition to its muscular nerve, musculocutaneous nerve. Extensor digitorum is supplied by the posterior interosseous ne...
Surgery
{ "Correct Answer": "Extensor digitorum", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Pectoralis major", "B": "Extensor digitorum", "C": "Flexor digitorum profundus", "D": "Brachialis" }, "Question": "Which of the following muscle is not a hybrid muscle" }
null
161fc4a5-e9fb-44c6-9a4b-2d734cf01ebc
D i.e. All
Surgery
{ "Correct Answer": "All of the above", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Infection", "B": "Inadequate circulation", "C": "Inadequate mobilization", "D": "All of the above" }, "Question": "Delayed union of fracture of a bone follo-wing a surgical treatment may be due to" }
Respiratory System
f18b19db-efc0-40d3-accd-5d2dcb3b1879
Ans: a (Intrapleural) Ref: Ganong,22nd ed,p. 6651The main pressure in lung related to inspiration is intrapleural pressure.Intrapleural pressure.The pressure in the intrapleural space between the lungs and chest wall is intrapleural pressure.Intrapleural pressure changes from -2.5 to -6 mmHg during inspiration. During ...
Physiology
{ "Correct Answer": "Intrapleuarl", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Intrapleuarl", "B": "Transpulmonary", "C": "Trans chest wall", "D": "Alveolar pressure" }, "Question": "What is the pressure of inspiration?" }
Biostatistics
cdfbd205-6f98-4cdc-9d76-29c0e9887cef
Ref:Parks 23rd edition pg 849. 1SD : confidence limit = 68% 2SD : confidence limit = 95% 3SD : confidence limit = 99.7%
Social & Preventive Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "68%", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "50%", "B": "68%", "C": "95%", "D": "100%" }, "Question": "One standard detion in normal standard curev includes value-" }
null
d000623f-eba6-4e64-8cc0-3ed932403fce
Ans. is 'b' i.e., EBV EBV encephalomyelitis shows :Abnormal white matter with perivascular infiltrates of inflammatory cells and foam cells.Some myelin is replaced by lipid-filled macrophages and hyperplastic astrocytes.
Microbiology
{ "Correct Answer": "EBV", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Measles", "B": "EBV", "C": "Molluscum contagiosum", "D": "RSV" }, "Question": "Foam cells are seen in infection with which virus ?" }
null
fc374693-12de-4ca4-8854-34bd1a9c686b
null
Surgery
{ "Correct Answer": "To position the patient upright", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "To position the patient upright", "B": "To position the patients in a semi inclined posture to visualize the perforation", "C": "Trendelenberg position", "D": "Reverse trendelenberg position" }, "Q...
Acute coronary syndrome
ffa5b47b-7d02-489f-9bcf-f6753b2be449
Option C = Rescue P.C.I. After thrombolysis ST Elevation begin to reduce If ST Elevation persisting in spite of thrombolysis. So it's failure of thrombolysis | within 90 minutes Rescue PCI Types of PCI Primary PCI done for STEMI (Door to device time < 90 minutes). Delayed PCI done for Unstable Angina NSTEMI Rescue PCI ...
Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "Persistent Chest pain with ST elevation >90 min after thrombolysis", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Persistent chest pain with ST elevation > 60 min after thrombolysis", "B": "Persistent chest pain with ST elevation > 30 min after thrombolysis", "C": "Persistent Chest p...
General physiology
fefb2a6d-129a-4ebd-9100-fcdb862c98a2
Fever right shifts the oxygen dissociation curve, which allows for a greater release of oxygen to the tissue, making oxygen easily available to neutrophils and monocytes for use in the oxygen-dependent myeloperoxidase system of bactericidal killing. Having more oxygen available to tissue also enhances wound healing. In...
Physiology
{ "Correct Answer": "Increase oxygen release to tissue", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Accelerates bacterial and viral replication", "B": "Left shifts the oxygen dissociation curve", "C": "Is due to interleukin-1 released from CD4 T-helper cells", "D": "Increase oxygen release to tissu...
Injuries
8cf45c14-9de1-4f72-a51c-e0ab03cd4518
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Uterus Order of putrefactiono Order of appearance of putrefaction from earliest to last is : larynx, trachea > stomach, intestine > spleen, liver > brain, lungs > heart > kidney, bladder > uterus/prostate > bone.o Amongst the soft tissues uterus in female and prostate in malesm are last to undergo put...
Forensic Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "Uterus", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Liver", "B": "Uterus", "C": "Brain", "D": "Breast" }, "Question": "Last organ to putrefy in females is?" }
Respiration
567e1d6a-5444-4e1a-b07a-98417b051c28
Ans. (d) Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 670; 8th/pg 679)Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM): Hamartomatous Q or dysplastic lung tissue, usually confined to one lobe.
Pathology
{ "Correct Answer": "Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Hypoplasia of lung", "B": "Congenital cyst", "C": "Lobar sequestration", "D": "Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation" }, "Question": "Hamartomatous lung tissue is?" }
Bacteria
c50f51df-27d7-43e6-9be6-4b89df294edb
ANSWER: (C) CSF examinationREF: Harrison 17th ed chapter 376The diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is made by examination of the CSF. The need to obtain neuroimaging studies (CT or MRI) prior to LP requires clinical judgment.A broad-range PCR can detect small numbers of viable and nonviable organisms in CSF and is expec...
Microbiology
{ "Correct Answer": "CSF examination", "Correct Option": "C", "Options": { "A": "Widal", "B": "CSF PCR", "C": "CSF examination", "D": "PET scan" }, "Question": "Test for diagnosis of pyogenic meningitis is?" }
Abdominal Radiography
22c45247-65d6-4168-aa89-428eb6ccf1c3
Ans: D (Kawasaki disease) Ref: Manual of Emergency Critical Care Ultrasound Vicke E Noble. 2nd ed. Pg 156Explanation:Kawasaki disease is associated with hydrops of gallbladder.Gallbladder Wall Thickening A gallbladder wall that is thickened is a sign of inflammation. This is a non-specific finding, and many other patho...
Radiology
{ "Correct Answer": "Kawasaki disease", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "Postprandial state", "B": "Cholecystitis", "C": "Congestive cardiac failure", "D": "Kawasaki disease" }, "Question": "Causes of thickened gallbladder wall on ultrasound examination are all except:" }
Assessment of Vestibular Function
0210576a-e7fd-40c4-b51e-acd13de82132
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Opposite side [Ref: Dhingra 5th/e p. 48}o Each ear is irrigated twice : once with cold water (70C below the body temperature, i. e. 300C) and then with warm water (70C above the body temperature, i.e. 440C).o Cold water provokes nystagmus towards the opposite ear, while warm water provokes nystagmus t...
ENT
{ "Correct Answer": "Opposite side", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Some side", "B": "Opposite side", "C": "Up", "D": "Do\\vn" }, "Question": "In caloric test, cold water stimulation causes movement of eye -" }
Communicable diseases
b9c3c5cc-127b-46a2-bfdc-d23bd2412409
Incidence of TB infection (Annual infection rate, Annual risk of Infection ARI) : Percentage of population under study who will be newly infected (not diseased or cases) with TB among Non-infected in 1 year. Expresses attacking force of TB in community In developing countries 1% ARI corresponds to: 50 SS +ve cases per ...
Social & Preventive Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "It is assessed by tuberculin conversion in previously non-vaccinated children", "Correct Option": "D", "Options": { "A": "ARI of 1% = 75 new cases", "B": "Current ARI in India is 1.7%", "C": "It is represents new cases of TB", "D": "It is assessed by tuberculin conversion in p...
null
f6c9fd05-bcda-4397-bcaa-a17d65107ad3
The history and findings are consistent with a lobar pneumonia. The most common etiologic agent of lobar pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae. ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS Productive cough, fever, rigors, dyspnea, early pleuritic chest pain Consolidating lobar pneumonia on chest radiograph Lancet-shaped gram-positive diplo...
Microbiology
{ "Correct Answer": "Streptococcus pneumoniae", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Streptococcus pneumoniae", "B": "Staphylococcus aureus", "C": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "D": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" }, "Question": "A 12-year-old girl presents to the casualty with symptoms of fever, sho...
null
19de7ff4-cb68-4c51-afe3-07a425f20c91
A.i.e. Henosch Schonlein purpura
Skin
{ "Correct Answer": "Henoch Schouleiln puspura", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Henoch Schouleiln puspura", "B": "Giant cell aeritis", "C": "Microscopic polyangitis", "D": "Wegener's granulomatosis" }, "Question": "IgA deposits on skin biopsy" }
null
8705fb60-c237-4804-a9cf-8adbb631bcd3
null
Dental
{ "Correct Answer": "It increases the surface energy & wets the dentin surface", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Etches the dentin", "B": "It increases the surface energy & wets the dentin surface", "C": "Removes the smear layer", "D": "Conditions the dentin" }, "Question": "A Dentin...
null
d0b35238-78a6-454d-9bc9-65180db85bbb
Ovulation occurs due to the effect of increased concentration of LH. In the pre-ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle, the ovarian follicle will undergo a series of transformations called cumulus expansion, which is stimulated by FSH. This is followed by LH surge.
Physiology
{ "Correct Answer": "LH surge", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "LH surge", "B": "FSH surge", "C": "Progestrone surge", "D": "Estrogen surge" }, "Question": "Which of the following hormonal activity is expected immediately prior to Ovulation?" }
null
e2e8a056-13c0-457f-945f-da4fdb9afbd6
B. i.e. Frontoparietal sutureSkull sutures (except sphen-occipital), vomer- sphenoid rostrum schindylesisQ, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis and dentoalveolar gomphosis (tooth socket) joints are fibrous joints. A Schindylesis is a specialized suture where a rigid bone fits into a groove on a neighbouring element eg a ...
Anatomy
{ "Correct Answer": "Fronto parietal suture", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Pubic symphysis", "B": "Fronto parietal suture", "C": "Manubrio sternal joint", "D": "Inf. radio ulnar joint" }, "Question": "Following are fibrous joints :" }
null
df59eac7-87b1-4805-9c47-0caf96a3450d
The body is exhumed only when, there is written order from the executive magistrate.
Forensic Medicine
{ "Correct Answer": "Executive magistrate", "Correct Option": "B", "Options": { "A": "Chief judicial magistrate", "B": "Executive magistrate", "C": "Police officer", "D": "Session judge" }, "Question": "For exhumation the order should be passed by -" }
null
aeb420c2-ede8-48bc-9400-a5ae531f15ee
Radiological signs: The lesion presents as a chance radiographic finding. It is a round or an ovoid (<3 cm) uniform radiolucency with a well-defined, usually corticated, margin. Stafne’s bone cavity is non-expansile and is found below the mandibular canal just anterior to the angle of the mandible. The location of Staf...
Radiology
{ "Correct Answer": "Stafne’s bone cavity", "Correct Option": "A", "Options": { "A": "Stafne’s bone cavity", "B": "Radicular Cyst", "C": "Dentigerous cyst", "D": "Lateral periodontal cyst" }, "Question": "The radiograph of a 32 year old patient is shown below. The patient is asymptomatic and t...
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