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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco%20Antonio%20Bonporti
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Francesco Antonio Bonporti
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Francesco Antonio Bonporti (11 June 1672 – 19 December 1749) was an Italian priest and amateur composer.
Born in Trento, he was admitted in 1691 to the Collegium Germanicum in Rome, where he studied theology. While in Rome, he also studied composition under the guidance of Giuseppe Ottavio Pitoni and possibly (since this is unconfirmed) violin with Arcangelo Corelli.
Moving back to Trento, he was ordained in 1695.
Bonporti's musical work consists of twelve opera, published between 1696 and 1736. He influenced Johann Sebastian Bach in the development of the invention, and several of his works were mistakenly included in a set of Bach's inventions. In reality, Bach had transcribed for harpsichord four violin pieces from Bonporti's op. X (1712).
He lived in Padua from 1740 until his death in 1749.
Works
This is a listing of his twelve opera, first the Italian original, generally by Giuseppe Sala in Venice, then the French edition as published by Estienne Roger in Amsterdam, and finally the English edition, by John Walsh in London. Not every opus seem to have survived in all three languages, as listed in an article published by Studi Trentini in 1973 by Clemente Lunelli. His sources on European editions are François Lesure's Bibliographie des éditions musicales publiées par Estienne Roger..., Paris, 1969, and William C. Smith's A bibliography of the musical works published by John Walsh..., London, 1968.
Op. 1 Suonate a Tre. Due violini, e violoncello obligato..., 1696. Four parts.
Antoine Bomporti Gentilhomme di Trento opera prima, Sonate à tre, due Violini, Violoncello e basso continuo. N. 101, 1706, f. 4.0
Op. 2
Antonio Bomporti di Trento, opera seconda, Sonate da Camera à tre, due Violini e Basso continuo. N. 292, 1701, f. 3.10
Bonporti's Sonata or Chamber Aires in three Parts for two Violins and a Through Bass compos'd by Francisco Antonio Bomporti Opera Seconda (...) N. 266, c. 1708
Bomporti's Sonata or Chamber Aires (...) Opera Seconda. (...), N. 482, c. 1715
op. 3 Motetti a canto solo, con violini (...), 1702. Five parts.
op. 4
Antonio Bomporti Opera Quarta, Sonate da Camera à tre, due Violini e basso continuo, N. 38, 1706, f. 40
Bomporti's Sonata or Chamber Aires (...) Opera Quarto (sic) (...), N. 267, c. 1708
op. 5 Arie, baletti e correnti c. 1704 (not extant)
op. 6
Antonio Bomporti, opera sexta, Sonate da Camera à tre, due Violini e basso continuo, N. 38, 1706, f. 4.0
op. 7
Bomporti opera settima sonate à Violino solo e basso continuo, N. 303, c. 1707-1708, f. 3.0
10 Solos by Bomporti for a Violin and a Bass, (Walsh, P. Randall, J. Hare) N. 277d, 1708
(?)Bomportis Solos, for a Violin and a Bass, 4s. od., (Walsh) N. 603, c. 1720 or earlier
op. 8 (given as lost)
Antonio Bomporti opera ottava, le Triomphe de la grande Aliance à Violon et basse continue, N. 120, c. 1708-1712, f. 2.0; also mentioned as Le Triomphe de la grande Aliance, consistent en cent Menuets, composez par Mr. Bomporti opera VIII
op. 9
Bomporti opera nona, Baletti à Violino solo e basso continuo, N. 413, f. 1.0; after 1716
op. 10 Invenzioni a violino solo del (...), Venice-Trento, Giovanni Parone, 1713. Partiture.
Bomporti opera dècima inventione a Violino solo, e basso contin. (La Pace), N. 404, c. 1712-1715, f. 4.0
op. 11 Concerti a quattro, due violini, alto viola, e basso con violino di rinforzo Trento, Giambattista Monauni, circa 1715. Five parts
op. 12 Concertini e serenate con arie variate, siciliane, recitativi, e chiuse a violino, e violoncello, o cembalo, Habsburg, Johann Christian Leopold. Partiture.
Aria cromatica, e variata a violino violoncello, e cembalo..., manuscript in the library of the Bruxelles conservatoire, dated 1720. Partiture.
Sonata di Buonporti, manuscript, same as above. Two parts.
Six Sonate à deux Flutes et Basse continue, composées par Bomporti et transposées sur la Flute par Corbet, N. 65, c. 1707-1708, f. 3.0
Bibliography
Antonio Carlini, Francesco Antonio Bonporti, Gentilhuomo di Trento – La vita e l'opera con catalogo tematico, Edizioni de I Solisti Veneti, Padova, 2000, ISBN
(ev. verify on Wikipedia in Italian language=
External links
Entry at Classical-Composers.org
HOASM Biography for Antonio Bonporti
PP Music
Francesco Antonio Bonporti: Concertini e Serenate op.12. Luigi Mangiocavallo, violin - Claudio Ronco, cello - Marco Mencoboni, harpsichord. 1990. World's first recording with original instruments.
1672 births
1749 deaths
People from Trento
Italian male classical composers
Italian Baroque composers
18th-century Italian composers
18th-century Italian male musicians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raul%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201996%29
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Raul (footballer, born 1996)
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Raul Lô Gonçalves (born 11 July 1996), simply known as Raul, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as central midfielder for Red Bull Bragantino.
Club career
Ceará
Raul was born in Tauá but was raised in Arneiroz, and was released from Icasa's youth setup at the age of 15. He subsequently represented Eco Suzano before joining Ceará in 2013.
Raul made his first team debut on 15 July 2015, coming on as a second-half substitute for João Marcos in a 0–0 home draw against Tupi, for the year's Copa do Brasil. In the following year, he was definitely promoted to the main squad.
Raul became a regular starter during the 2017 season, scoring the second in a 2–0 home win against Ferroviário-CE which ensured his club the Campeonato Cearense. He contributed with 31 league matches during the campaign, as his side achieved promotion to the Série A.
Vasco da Gama
On 15 May 2018, after rejecting a renewal offer from Ceará, Raul agreed to a pre-contract with Vasco da Gama. He was officially announced by his new club on 1 June, signing until 2020.
Raul made his Série A debut on 9 June 2018, replacing Giovanni Augusto in a 3–2 home defeat of Sport Recife.
Honours
Ceará
Campeonato Cearense: 2017, 2018
References
External links
Vasco da Gama profile
1996 births
Living people
Footballers from Ceará
Brazilian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
Ceará Sporting Club players
CR Vasco da Gama players
Red Bull Bragantino players
People from Tauá
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/She%20Made%20Them%20Do%20It
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She Made Them Do It
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She Made Them Do It is a Canadian telefilm based on the true story of American murderer Sarah Jo Pender. It was directed by Grant Harvey and stars Jenna Dewan-Tatum, Mackenzie Phillips and Steve Bacic. It premiered on the Lifetime Network in December 2012.
Plot
In Indiana, Sarah Jo Pender, a student, is sent to prison after her two roommates were murdered by her boyfriend Rick. She claims her innocence. After one of her appeals is denied, she escapes with the help of Prison Guard Scott Spitler and her friend Jamie Long. The Marshall Sean Harlan unsuccessfully pursues her and has to rely on the help of TV show America's Most Wanted. After Pender is captured by local police officers, he picks her up and drives her back to prison.
Cast
Jenna Dewan-Tatum: Sarah Jo Pender
MacKenzie Phillips: Jamie Long
Steve Bacic: Marshall Sean Harlan
Nels Lennarson: Scott Spitler Sr
Greyston Holt: Rick
John Walsh: himself
External links
She Made Them Do it Movie official page on the Lifetime website
References
2012 television films
2012 films
2010s crime drama films
Canadian crime drama films
Canadian drama television films
Crime films based on actual events
English-language Canadian films
Films about murderers
Films set in Indiana
Films set in the 2000s
Lifetime (TV network) films
2010s Canadian films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omiodes%20seminitidalis
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Omiodes seminitidalis
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Omiodes seminitidalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Schaus in 1912. It is found in Costa Rica.
References
Moths described in 1912
seminitidalis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvania%20gallinacea
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Alvania gallinacea
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Alvania gallinacea is a species of minute sea snail with an operculum, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Distribution
New Zealand
Original description
Alvania gallinacea was originally discovered and described as Linemera gallinacea by Harold John Finlay in 1930. Finlay's original text (the type description) reads as follows:
References
This article incorporates public domain text coming from New Zealand from reference.
External links
http://www.mollusca.co.nz/speciesdetail.php?speciesid=619&species=Alvinia%20(Linemera)%20gallinacea
Rissoidae
Gastropods described in 1930
Taxa named by Harold John Finlay
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teddy%20Hall
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Teddy Hall
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Teddy Hall may refer to:
The nickname of St Edmund Hall, Oxford, one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford
Edwin Hall (trade unionist) (1895–1961), British trade unionist
Edward Thomas Hall (1924–2001), British scientist and balloonist, who exposed the Piltdown Man fraud
See also
Ted Hall (disambiguation)
Edward Hall (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masjid%20Al-Istiqamah
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Masjid Al-Istiqamah
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The Al-Istiqamah Mosque () is a mosque in Serangoon, Singapore which was completed in 1999. It is located at Serangoon North Estate, at the corner of Yio Chu Kang Road and Ang Mo Kio Avenue 3, with the front entrance at Serangoon North Avenue 2.
Etymology
As one of the mosque built under the Mosque Building & Mendaki Fund scheme headed by MUIS, it is named after virtuous qualities as a continuation from the first one – Masjid Al-Khair (The Good). Initially, MUIS had suggested the name "As-Sobr" (The Patient) for this mosque but after consultation with a few local Islamic scholars, the name "Al-Istiqamah" (the Constant) was chosen.
Architecture
Architect firm James Yip and Partners designed the mosque.
The three-storeyed mosque with a combination of designs from the Nusantara, Middle East and Mauritius can cater to a maximum of 3,300 worshippers at any one time. Its convertible concept enables the optimisation of space and multiple functionalities of the rooms.
The building is divided into two general areas, viz. the i'tikaf section occupying the 'front' portion, and the multi-purpose section making up the 'rear'. The i'tikaf area which is roofed by solid timber can accommodate about 480, 330 and 270 worshippers on levels one, two and three respectively.
History
Masjid Al Istiqamah is the second mosque to be built under Phase 3 of the Mosque Building & Mendaki Fund scheme headed by MUIS.
The plot for the mosque building was bought on 12 August 1992 with the fund raising arm of the JPM (Mosque Building Committee) formed in June 1995. The estimated amount needed was S$700,000 for the basic requirements in the initial stage of building. So few people came forward to volunteer their services that an advertisement had to be put out in the Berita Harian newspaper.
The cost of building the mosque is estimated at around $5 million and expected to be completed in 1999.
Construction of the mosque began in September 1997. On 11 June 1999, Masjid Al-Istiqamah was declared waqf (vested property) and began its operation as a full-fledged mosque. The purchase of land and construction of the mosque cost an estimated $7 million in total.
On 17 June 2000, Masjid Al-Istiqamah held an opening ceremony which was attended by Mohamad Maidin Packer Mohd, Member of Parliament for Marine Parade Group Representation Constituency.
Operations
Ever since it began operation, Masjid Al-Istiqamah has never locked its gates. Its open policy allows for 24/7 accessibility for the public to its main prayer hall and amenities, a rarity for the typical new generation mosque with valuable assets to look after.
In September 2000, with the official appointment of its Mosque Manager, it became the first mosque in Singapore to have its office administration 'fully accommodated' for the congregation with its opening hours from 8:30 to 22:30 including Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays. Its office closes only on the first two days of Shawwal, for obvious reasons.
Chairmen of Masjid Al-Istiqamah Management Board
Hashim Ismail (1999–2003)
Mohammad Suhaimi Mohsen (2003–2007)
Mohamed Sa'at Bin Matari (2007–2018)
Juraiman Bin Rahim (2018–Present), Mosque Executive Chairman
Transportation
The mosque is accessible from Hougang MRT station.
See also
Islam in Singapore
List of mosques in Singapore
References
External links
Al-Istiqamah Mosque
1999 establishments in Singapore
Buildings and structures in Serangoon
Istiqamah
Mosques completed in 1999
20th-century architecture in Singapore
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellis%20Ames
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Ellis Ames
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Ellis Ames (1809-1886) was an American lawyer and politician who sat in the Massachusetts General Court from 1833 to 1836. He was educated at Bridgewater Academy and Brown University. Ellis Ames was a member of the Ames family, descended from William Ames.
References
1809 births
1886 deaths
Brown University alumni
Members of the Massachusetts General Court
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American judges
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyssomatus%20aequalis
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Rhyssomatus aequalis
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Rhyssomatus aequalis is a species of true weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.
References
Further reading
Molytinae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Beetles described in 1873
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fafai%20Beach%20Site
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Fafai Beach Site
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The Fafai Beach Site is a prehistoric archaeological site near the village of Tamuning on the island of Guam. The site is stratified, containing layers representative of both the Latte and Pre-Latte periods of prehistory. The site includes several latte stone house sites, stone mortar sites, and rock overhang areas with cultural deposits. Stone, shell, and charcoal artifacts have been found here, as have several human burials.
The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Guam
References
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Guam
Tumon, Guam
Beaches of Guam
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skinnarb%C3%B8l
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Skinnarbøl
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Skinnarbøl is a manor house and estate located east of the Norwegian city Kongsvinger.
History
Close to the Swedish border and Finnskogen, the estate lands have historically belonged to several families including the Swedish noble families Natt och Dag and Oxenstierna. The estate manor house, often referred to as Grenseslottet («The Border Palace»), was completed in 1849 and is decorated in Empire style.
The manor was frequently used by King Oscar II and his wife Queen Sopihia between 1892 and 1905. Queen Sopihia's poor health often required her to use a wheelchair and she became particularly fond of the estate as the manor house only had a single floor and large doorways. The Queen therefore often preferred spending her time in Norway at Skinnarbøl while King Oscar would reside more at the Royal Palace in Oslo. The manor is today legally protected by Riksantikvaren.
References
Manor houses in Norway
Kongsvinger
Buildings and structures in Innlandet
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Brenner%20%28politician%29
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George Brenner (politician)
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George Brenner (17 June 1929 – 30 December 2021) was an Australian politician. He was a Labor member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1981 to 1991.
Brenner was born in Márkó, Hungary, and was educated in Veszprém from 1940 to 1947 before migrating to Australia. He worked as a jackeroo, plant operator and service station proprietor, and married Betty on 8 January 1955 (they had three daughters). He joined the Jugiong branch of the Labor Party in 1964, and served as a councillor on Demondrille Shire Council (1971–74) and Harden Shire Council (1974–75, 1977–83). He was the Labor candidate for the federal seat of Hume in 1975 and 1977, and was involved in the electoral councils for Hume and the state seat of Burrinjuck.
In 1981, Brenner was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Council as a Labor member. He served until 1991, including a period (1984–91) on the Joint Standing Committee Upon Road Safety.
References
1929 births
2021 deaths
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of New South Wales
Hungarian emigrants to Australia
People from Veszprém County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993%20Andorran%20parliamentary%20election
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1993 Andorran parliamentary election
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Parliamentary elections were held in Andorra on 12 December 1993. Following the adoption of a new constitution by a referendum earlier in the year, they were the first elections in which political parties were allowed to run. The result was a victory for the National Democratic Group, which won eight seats, and its leader Òscar Ribas Reig remained Prime Minister. Voter turnout was 81%.
Results
References
Andorra
Parliamentary
Parliamentary elections in Andorra
Andorra
Election and referendum articles with incomplete results
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podhuvaga%20Emmanasu%20Thangam
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Podhuvaga Emmanasu Thangam
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Podhuvaga Em Manasu Thangam () is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language comedy film written and directed by Thalapathy Prabhu, starring Udhayanidhi Stalin and Nivetha Pethuraj, with Parthiepan and Soori in supporting roles. The film began production during September 2016 and was released on 11 August 2017 with mixed reviews.
Plot
Two villages in the suburbs of Dharmapuri share the same god as their "Kula Dheivam", and the idol is to be shared between them during festivals.
Oothukattaan is a rich big shot in his village. He has a grudge against the other village as he was insulted by them a long time ago by not letting his daughter complete her ear piercing and is shooed off in the middle of the function and leaving his daughter's ears unpierced. Since then, he promised himself to destroy the village and bring idol to his village forever. In order to destroy the neighboring village, he plans to evacuate the entire village population, so he uses his power and wealth to stop government projects and welfare facilities from reaching the other village and make it a barren land, which forces people to evacuate and move to other places in search of livelihood. He even helps the jobless youths in that village get jobs in neighboring cities, thus reducing the population of the other village.
Ganesh is a jobless, but intelligent, youth living in the other village. Though he is jobless, he has earned a good name for himself among the villagers by doing social service and helping in the village's development. He roams along with his friend Tiger Pandi. Oothukaattan realizes that as long as Ganesh lives in that village, he cannot evacuate it. He decides to get rid of him and offers him a job, for which he agrees. Later, Ganesh learns that Oothukaattan has a sister whom he has married to the neighboring village and has done so many welfare schemes there. Ganesh decides to woo and marry Leelavathi, Oothukaattan's daughter, thinking that Oothukaattan will develop the village where his daughter is going to live. Ganesh successfully woos Leela, and they fall in love.
Oothukaattan plans to bring a beer factory in the next village so their water resources will be depleted, forcing villagers to move from there. He also learns that Ganesh has wooed Leela, so he plans to get rid of him. He tricks the villagers to send him out of the village. Ganesh requests for a poll and promises he will leave if the majority of the village is against him. Due to Oothukaattan's schemes, Ganesh loses the election and leaves. Oothukaattan buys the villagers' farmlands for the factory. Ganesh refuses to sell his land. This infuriates the factory owners, and they realize that they cannot build a factory if Ganesh does not sell his land. The villagers request Ganesh to come back. He does and finds out that Oothukaattan is behind all this.
Leela is infuriated to find out that Ganesh wooed her for his village's benefit and breaks up with him. Meanwhile, the village festival is around the corner, during which Oothukaattan plans to destroy the village.
Cast
Udhayanidhi Stalin as Ganesh
Nivetha Pethuraj as Leelavathi
Parthiban as Oothukaattaan, Leela's father
Soori as Tiger Pandi, Ganesh's friend
Rajendran as Rajendran
Namo Narayana as Ramalingam
Vivek Prasanna as "Meesakaara" Murugesan
Rama as Ganesh's mother
G. M. Sundar as Dharmalingam
Mayilsamy as Narayanan
Bharathi Kannan as Bhanu Prakash
Florent Pereira
Sasikalaa as Tv reporter, lover of Tiger Pandi
Supergood Subramani as Cycle-shop owner
Production
In February 2016, Sri Thenandal Films signed on Udhayanidhi Stalin to play the lead role in one of their forthcoming ventures. Newcomer Thalapathy Prabhu, an erstwhile assistant of Ponram, was signed on as the film's director, while D. Imman and Balasubramaniem worked as the film's music director and cinematographer respectively. Stalin agreed to work on the film after being recommended to Prabhu by cinematographer Balasubramaniem. Parthiepan was selected to portray a negative role, while Soori was signed on to play the film's comedian. The team held negotiations with Catherine Tresa before Nivetha Pethuraj was signed on to portray the leading female role.
The film was officially titled as Podhuvaga Em Manasu Thangam named after the song from Murattu Kaalai (1980) in September 2016, with the shoot beginning in Theni thereafter. The shoot lasted for a period of 60 days, with Stalin working on the film alongside his commitments for Saravanan Irukka Bayamaen and Ippadai Vellum. Prior to the film's release, a screening was held for politician M. K. Stalin, Udhayanidhi's father.
Soundtrack
The film's music was composed by D. Imman and the album released on 28 June 2017, featuring five songs. The audio rights were acquired by Think Music India.
Release
The film had a worldwide theatrical release on 11 August 2017 to coincide with the Independence Day weekend and opened alongside two other films, Soundarya Rajinikanth's Velaiilla Pattadhari 2 and Ram's Taramani.The satellite rights of the film were sold to Zee Tamil.
Reception
Reviewing the film, Anupama Subramaniam of the Deccan Chronicle wrote that "on the whole, the movie can be enjoyed only in parts" and compared the film to Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam (2013). A critic from the Times of India stated "overall, the film manages to amble along to its end despite the title credits scene promising us a gripping drama", while noting the film "suffers from an inconsistency in tone and this makes it less engaging than it should be". Likewise a critic from The Hindu stated "there's little to savour in this film apart from a few laughs", while The New Indian Express called the film a "tiring affair".
References
External links
2017 films
2010s Tamil-language films
Indian comedy films
Films scored by D. Imman
2017 directorial debut films
2017 comedy films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegomorphus%20satellinus
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Aegomorphus satellinus
|
Aegomorphus satellinus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Wilhelm Ferdinand Erichson in 1847.
References
Aegomorphus
Beetles described in 1847
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Nova%20Scotia%20Highlanders
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North Nova Scotia Highlanders
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The North Nova Scotia Highlanders was an infantry regiment of the Canadian Army founded in 1936. In 1954, it was amalgamated with The Pictou Highlanders and 189 LAA RCA Battery to form 1st Battalion, The Nova Scotia Highlanders (North).
History
Founded in 1936 as The North Nova Scotia Highlanders (M.G.) by the amalgamation of The Cumberland Highlanders, The Colchester and Hants Regiment, and 'C' Company, 6th Machine-Gun Battalion, it acquired its present title in 1941. The regiment landed on Juno beach on D-Day, assigned to 9th Canadian Infantry Brigade, 3rd Canadian Infantry Division. In 1954, as a result of the Kennedy Report on the Reserve Army, this regiment was amalgamated The Pictou Highlanders and 189 LAA RCA Battery to form 1st Battalion, The Nova Scotia Highlanders (North).
The North Nova Scotia Highlanders before Amalgamation held its final Order of Precedence as 34.
Lineage
The North Nova Scotia Highlanders
Originated in Amherst, Nova Scotia, 6 April 1871 as the Cumberland Provisional Battalion of Infantry.
Redesignated as the 93rd Cumberland Battalion of Infantry, 12 June 1885.
Redesignated as the 93rd Cumberland Regiment, on 8 May 1900.
Redesignated as The Cumberland Regiment, 29 March 1920.
Redesignated as The Cumberland Highlanders, 15 June 1927.
Amalgamated on 1 December 1936 with The Colchester and Hants Regiment (less 'C Company') and C Company of the 6th Machine Gun Battalion, CMGC (now The Princess Louise Fusiliers) and redesignated as The North Nova Scotia Highlanders (Machine Gun).
Redesignated as the 2nd (Reserve) Battalion, The North Nova Scotia Highlanders (Machine Gun), 7 November 1940.
Redesignated as the 2nd (Reserve) Battalion, The North Nova Scotia Highlanders, 7 March 1941.
Redesignated as The North Nova Scotia Highlanders, 1 May 1946.
Amalgamated on 12 November 1954 with The Pictou Highlanders (Motor) and the 189th Light Anti-Aircraft Battery, RCA as the 1st Battalion, The Nova Scotia Highlanders (North).
The Colchester and Hants Regiment
Originated on 1 April 1910, in Truro, Nova Scotia as the 70th Colchester and Hants Regiment .
Redesignated on 2 May 1910, as the 76th Colchester and Hants Rifles.
Amalgamated on 1 April 1920, with the 81st Hants Regiment and Redesignated as The Colchester and Hants Regiment.
Amalgamated on 1 December 1936, with The Cumberland Highlanders and “C” Company of the 6th Machine Gun Battalion, CMGC to form The North Nova Scotia Highlanders (Machine Gun).
The 81st Hants Regiment
Originated on 16 February 1914, in Windsor, Nova Scotia, as a Regiment of Infantry in Hants County.
Redesignated on 1 May 1914, as the 68th Regiment.
Redesignated again on 1 June 1914, as the 81st Hants Regiment.
Amalgamated on 15 May 1920, with the 76th Colchester and Hants Rifles and Redesignated as The Colchester and Hants Regiment.
Perpetuations
The regiment perpetuated the following units:
Great War
25th Battalion (Nova Scotia Rifles), CEF
106th Battalion (Nova Scotia Rifles), CEF
193rd Battalion (Nova Scotia Highlanders), CEF
Alliances and uniform
The North Nova Scotia Highlanders were allied to the South Staffordshire Regiment and were kitted with a blue glengarry with diced border, scarlet doublet, white sporran with five black points, scarlet & green hose, green garter flashes with full dress only for pipers and drummers.
Battle honours
Only uppercase honours are displayed on the guidon.
War of 1812
DEFENCE OF CANADA – 1812–1815 (honorary distinction)
Boer War
SOUTH AFRICA 1899–1900
First World War
MONT SORREL
Flers-Courcelette
Arras 1917 & 1918
Vimy 1917
Hill 70
Passchendaele
AMIENS
Cambrai 1918
Arleux
YPRES 1917 & 1918
Somme 1916 & 1918
Thiepval
Ancre Heights
Scarpe 1917 & 1918
HINDENBURG LINE
Canal du Nord
PURSUIT TO MONSs
FRANCE AND FLANDERS, 1915–18
Second World War
NORMANDY LANDING
Authie
CAEN
The Orne
BOURGUÉBUS RIDGE
Faubourg de Vaucelles
Verrières Ridge- Tilly-la-Campagne
FALAISE
The Laison
Battle of Chambois
Boulogne, 1944
Calais, 1944 liberation
THE SCHELDT
Savojaards Plaat
Breskens Pocket
THE RHINELAND
Waal Flats
The Hochwald
THE RHINE
Zutphen
Leer
NORTH-WEST EUROPE, 1944–1945
Ardenne Abbey Massacre
During the Second World War, Major General Kurt Meyer of the Waffen SS murdered captured soldiers from the regiment.
After the war he was tried and convicted in Canada. Sentenced to death on 28 December 1945, his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment on 14 January 1946. After serving nearly nine years in prison, Meyer was released on 7 September 1954.
See also
Canadian-Scottish regiment
References
Bibliography
Barnes, RM, The Uniforms and History of the Scottish Regiments, London, Sphere Books Limited, 1972.
Brode, Patrick. "Casual Slaughters and Accidental Judgments: Canadian War Crimes Prosecutions, 1944-1948." Toronto: The Osgoode Society for Canadian Legal History, 1997.
Campbell, Ian. "Murder at the Abbaye: The Story of Twenty Canadian Soldiers Murdered at the Abbaye d’Ardenne." Ottawa: The Golden Dog Press, 1996.
Volume 3, Part 2: Infantry Regiments – THE NOVA SCOTIA HIGHLANDERS
Further reading
Will R. Bird. "No retreating footsteps: the story of the North Novas." Kentville, NS: Kentville Publishing Company, 1946
Pearce, Donald. "Journal of a War: North-West Europe, 1944–1945." Toronto: Macmillan, 1965.
External links
www.regiments.org – The North Nova Scotia Highlanders
Juno Beach – 9th Brigade on D-Day
North Nova Scotia Highlanders
Nova Scotia Highlanders
Scottish regiments of Canada
Military units and formations of Nova Scotia
Infantry regiments of Canada in World War II
Military units and formations established in 1936
Amherst, Nova Scotia
Military units and formations disestablished in 1954
Military regiments raised in Nova Scotia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%20American%20Athletic%20Conference%20women%27s%20soccer%20tournament
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2020 American Athletic Conference women's soccer tournament
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The 2020 American Athletic Conference women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the American Athletic Conference, which was held on April 15 and April 17, 2021. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the tournament was played by only four teams instead of the usual six. All games were hosted at Corbett Stadium by regular season champion South Florida, who was also the defending tournament champion. The single-elimination tournament consisted of two rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The South Florida Bulls won the title by defeating third seeded Cincinnati 4–0 in the championship game, for their second tournament title in a row and third overall.
Bracket
Source:
Schedule
Semifinals
Final
Statistics
Goalscorers
All-Tournament team
Source:
* Offensive MVP
^ Defensive MVP
See also
2020 American Athletic Conference Men's Soccer Tournament
References
American Athletic Conference women's soccer tournament
2020 American Athletic Conference women's soccer season
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macaulay%20Cup
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Macaulay Cup
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The Macaulay Association Camanachd Cup (known as the Artemis Macaulay Cup for sponsorship reasons) is a trophy in the Scottish sport of shinty. It is competed for by the eight highest-placed league teams from the north and south areas of Scotland at the end of the previous season. The first winner of the cup, in 1947, was Newtonmore.
It has been sponsored by investment management company Artemis since 2010.
It is one of the five trophies that are considered to be part of the Grand Slam in the sport of shinty.
The current holders are Kingussie, who won their 25th title in 2021.
History
The MacAulay Cup was first presented in 1947 by Flora Macaulay, then editor of The Oban Times newspaper. The competition, uniquely in the sport is run outwith the auspices of the Camanachd Association, being administered by the Macaulay Association which also runs a junior six a-side competition before the final.
The final is played in Oban every year. It was the first ever summer tournament when shinty had a winter season, before the switch to summer play in 2004. In 2006, worries about the fixture list being overcrowded led to the proposal of the Macaulay Cup becoming a match between the winners of the Mactavish Cup and the Glasgow Celtic Society Cup. The Macaulay Association withdrew the cup from competition but the reintroduction of the competition in 2007 sparked debate about its place in the sport.
Inveraray won the cup 3–0 against Newtonmore on 23 August 2008. The game was televised live on BBC2. Inveraray again won the cup in 2009 coming back from 3–0 down to win the game 4–3 with a last minute goal by Grant Griffin.
Kingussie stopped Inveraray's attempt at a third consecutive title with a 4–2 win after extra time on 21 August 2010 thanks to 4 goals from Ronald Ross.
The top 8 in the south for 2012 was affected by Ballachulish's decision to drop a league, they were the eighth best team in the south (not counting Lochside Rovers who are technically a reserve team) in 2011.
The 2012 final was played between Oban and Glenurquhart. Glen defeated Oban 6–0. In the aftermath of the final, the trophy was broken during celebrations.
Kingussie are the record holders with 25 wins, but Kyles Athletic moved into second place on the all time charts with 12 after beating Newtonmore with whom they were tied in the 2017 final.
Winners
2022 - Kingussie 3 Oban Camanachd 2
2021 - Kingussie 4 Kyles Athletic 1
2019 – Kingussie 3 Oban Camanachd 2
2018 – Kinlochshiel 3 Kyles Athletic 2
2017 – Kyles Athletic 7 Newtonmore 4
2016 – Kinlochshiel 5 Inveraray 3
2015 – Newtonmore 3 Inveraray 1
2014 – Newtonmore 2 Kyles Athletic 1 (a.e.t.)
2013 – Kyles Athletic 4 Newtonmore 3
2012 – Glenurquhart 6 Oban Camanachd 0
2011 – Kyles Athletic 2 Newtonmore 1
2010 – Kingussie 4 Inveraray 2 (a.e.t.)
2009 – Inveraray 4 Kingussie 3
2008 – Inveraray 3 Newtonmore 0
2007 – Kingussie 4 Inveraray 1
2006 – Not contested
2005 – Kingussie 6 Inveraray 3
2004 – Kingussie
2003 – Kingussie
2002 – Kingussie
2001 – Inveraray 3 Lochcarron 0
2000 – Fort William
1999 – Kingussie
1998 – Kingussie
1997 – Kingussie
1995 – Oban Camanachd
1994 – Kingussie
1993 – Oban Camanachd
1992 – Kingussie
1991 – Fort William
1990 – Kingussie
1989 – Kyles Athletic
1988 – Kingussie
1987 – Kingussie
1986 – Newtonmore
1985 – Newtonmore
1984 – Kingussie
1983 – Kingussie
1982 – Kingussie
1981 – Kingussie
1980 – Newtonmore
1979 – Newtonmore
1978 – Kyles Athletic
1977 – Kyles Athletic 2 Glen Urquhart 0
1976 – Newtonmore
1975 – Newtonmore
1974 – Kingussie
1973 – Kingussie
1972 – Kyles Athletic 4 Glen Urquhart 0
1971 – Kyles Athletic 2, Kingussie 1
1970 – Kingussie
1969 – Oban Celtic
1968 – Kingussie
1967 – Newtonmore
1966 – Oban Celtic
1965 – Kingussie
1964 – Oban Celtic
1963 – Kingussie
1962 – Kyles Athletic
1961 – Oban Celtic
1960 – Kyles Athletic
1959 – Furnace
1958 – Kyles Athletic
1957 – Oban Camanachd (8–3 most goals in a MacAulay Final)
1956 – Kyles Athletic
1955 – Inverness
1954 – Oban Camanachd
1953 – Lovat
1952 – Oban Camanachd
1951 – Kyles Athletic/Newtonmore final not played
1950 – Oban Celtic
1949 – Newtonmore
1948 – Lovat
1947 – Newtonmore 4 Ballachulish 1
Table of winners
References
External links
2008 Macaulay Cup Road to the Final
Am Baile – Picture of the Cup
BBC Slideshow in Scots Gaelic
Kinlochshiel historic win in 2016 in Scots Gaelic
Recurring sporting events established in 1947
1947 establishments in Scotland
Sports trophies and awards
Shinty competitions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics%20at%20the%201959%20Pan%20American%20Games%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%2010%2C000%20metres
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Athletics at the 1959 Pan American Games – Men's 10,000 metres
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The men's 10,000 metres event at the 1959 Pan American Games was held at the Soldier Field in Chicago on 28 August.
Results
References
Athletics at the 1959 Pan American Games
1959
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%20Dickson%20%28federal%20constituency%29
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Port Dickson (federal constituency)
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Port Dickson is a federal constituency in Port Dickson District, Negeri Sembilan and Alor Gajah District (), Malacca, Malaysia that is represented in the Dewan Rakyat from 1959 to 1974 and from 2018 to present.
The federal constituency was created in the 1958 redistribution, but it was abolished in the 1974 redistribution. However in 2018 the Port Dickson federal constituency was re-created and replaced the Telok Kemang federal constituency following the 2018 redelineation and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.
Demographics
History
Polling districts
According to the gazette issued on 18 July 2023, the Port Dickson constituency has a total of 32 polling districts.
Representation history
State constituency
Current state assembly members
Local governments
Election results
References
Negeri Sembilan federal constituencies
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith%20Bruder
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Edith Bruder
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Edith Bruder is a French ethnologist who has specialized in the study of African Judaism and religious diasporas, new religious movements, and marginal religious societies. She is a research associate at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London; a research associate at the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS); and a research fellow at the Faculty of Theology's School of Biblical Studies and Ancient Languages, North-West University, South Africa.
She is president and founder of the International Society for the Study of African Jewry – ISSAJ. She is also involved in the development of research in philanthropy in Europe in collaboration with the Center for Research in Philanthropy (CerPhi) in Paris, France and the European Network on Philanthropy (ERNOP).
Bruder lives in Paris, where she received her education. She holds a Ph. D. in Ethnology and History from SOAS, a DESS in Clinical Psychology from Paris Diderot University, and a DEA in Art History from Pantheon-Sorbonne University.
Work
Bruder's most significant publication, The Black Jews of Africa – History, Identity, Religion (2008), was based on extensive field work. It was the first such work to provide scientific data and a reference list that deals comprehensively with the issue of Judaism in western, central, eastern and southern Africa.
Bruder examines the trend towards Judaism in Africa at large, and explores the interdisciplinary concepts of "metaphorical diaspora," global and transnational identities, and colonization.
Bruder is a co-author of a documentary Black Jews: Juifs Noirs d’Afrique (work in progress) widely drawn from her fieldwork, with Laurence Gavron as filmmaker (Schuch Productions).
Bruder is co-editor of African Zion: Studies in Black Judaism which is an examination of Black Judaism in Africa, the United States and India.
Books
Articles in books
References
External links
Reviews
Bruder's works have been reviewed by various commentators:
French ethnologists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus%20Symphony
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Lotus Symphony
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Lotus Symphony can refer to:
IBM Lotus Symphony, an office suite for Windows, Mac and Linux
Lotus Symphony (DOS), an office suite for DOS from the 1980s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975%20Haicheng%20earthquake
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1975 Haicheng earthquake
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On February 4, 1975 at 19:36 CST, an earthquake of 7.5 and intensity (MMI) IX hit the city of Haicheng, Liaoning, China. Much of the city was evacuated before the earthquake, so few died from building collapse, however, many died from fire and hypothermia in the subsequent days. The evacuees lived during the deep winter in self-made tents made of tree branches, bed sheets, tarps and straw, 372 froze to death and 6,578 suffered frostbite, while a fire burned 341 to death and 980 suffered non-fatal burns. The fire was one of the most notable earthquake-induced fires in China, triggered from a combination of cooking, winter heating and lighting.
The early evacuation ordered by Chinese officials had been questioned to whether it was a scientific earthquake prediction or a fluke. The prediction was based mainly on the pronounced foreshock sequence. None of the precursors observed in this earthquake were observed in the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, which killed over 240,000. This prediction was later put under heavy scrutiny and was deemed a fluke.
Tectonic setting
Leading up to the earthquake in 1975, there were multiple large earthquakes that occurred in three years all due to right-lateral motion of north northeast-trending strike-slip faults, they also appeared to have migrated from southwest to northeast. These were the three earthquakes of M 6.8, 6.7, and 7.2 in the Xingtai area in March 1966, the M 6.7 Hejian earthquake of 1967, and the M 7.4 Bohai Sea earthquake of 1969. These interpretations are believed to be tied into the Geomechanics Theory of Li Siguang. The theory states "that north-northeast China is part of an integral geological system characterized by neotectonic right-lateral motion along north-northeast trending structures", in other terms, this relates to the deformation of the Eurasian plate with a east–west compressive stress regime which was caused by continental collision at the Himalaya and plate subduction along the Japan–Kuril trenches. There is a belief among scientist that the early earthquakes in North China set off the large system and led to more earthquakes later on.
Evacuation
A low-level alert was triggered by regional increases in seismicity (later recognized as foreshocks). Both authorities and citizens were finally placed on high alert and an evacuation order was issued due to an increase in foreshocks. Though this particular prediction of the earthquake was initially believed to be just the latest in a recent string of false alarms that had occurred in the preceding months, including one case of an earthquake swarm being caused by the filling of a reservoir, the evacuation of Haicheng proceeded anyway and eventually paid off.
The evacuation, despite successfully removing most of Haicheng's population, did not prevent deaths in its entirety. When the main quake struck at 7:36 pm, a reported 2,041 people died, over 27,000 were injured and thousands of buildings collapsed. However, the death toll was much lower than the estimate of over 150,000 dead which is believed to have resulted if the evacuation had not taken place. This was the only successful evacuation of a potentially affected population before a devastating earthquake in history.
Fatalities
Much of the city was evacuated before the earthquake, so few died from building collapse, however, many died from fire and hypothermia in the subsequent days. The evacuees lived during the deep winter in self-made tents made of tree branches, bed sheets, tarps and straw, 372 froze to death and 6,578 suffered frostbite, while a fire burned 341 to death and 980 suffered non-fatal burns. The fire was one of the most notable earthquake-induced fires in China, triggered from a combination of cooking, winter heating and lighting.
Damage
The earthquake's close proximity to a city of one million residents caused a large amount of destruction to infrastructure and property. Haicheng was decimated by this earthquake as the intensity was too great for the buildings to withstand. There was mass building collapse throughout the area as well as the destruction of cultivated land, roads, highways, and railways. It is approximated that 90% of the structures in Haicheng at the time experienced significant damage or were completely destroyed by the earthquake. Local bridges collapsed and oil transport pipelines were damaged. Unfortunately, due to the political climate in China at the time, exact damage totals are unknown.
However, damage was reported as far away as South Korea and Japan. Due to the distance between these areas and the epicenter of the quake, the damage were significantly less in number and in degree. In Seoul, South Korea, the MMI was calculated to be a IV in comparison to Haicheng where the MMI was determined to be IX. In contrast to mass building collapse in Haicheng, there were a few reports of smaller buildings collapsing partially as well as intense shaking of high rise buildings. Interruption of electrical service was also reported due to transformer tripping that is attributed to long-period seismic waves from the high magnitude earthquake being able to travel far distances.
Earthquake prediction
The early evacuation ordered by Chinese officials had been questioned to whether it was a scientific earthquake prediction or a fluke. The Chinese traced their predictions to as early as 1970. A team of scientists from the U.S. visited laboratories in China in 1976 to investigate the Haicheng prediction. Their report concluded that the 1975 Haicheng prediction was based mainly on the pronounced foreshock sequence. Due to these foreshocks, some of the final evacuation orders were given only hours before the destructive earthquake preventing further loss of life. This "prediction" was later put under heavy scrutiny and was deemed as a fluke.
This prediction and evacuation saved countless lives, limiting the total fatalities to under 2,500 and total injuries to 27,500 people. The estimated number of injured and deceased individuals without the implementation of the evacuation skyrockets: estimating that over 150,000 people could have been injured without a successful evacuation. None of the precursors observed in this earthquake were observed in the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, which killed over 240,000.
1970
After the occurrence of a number of large earthquakes from 1966–1969, a meeting was held nationally to discuss where the largest seismic danger was in the People's Republic of China. These large earthquakes were determined to be moving to the North East, and it was also discussed that there would be a large earthquake of magnitude 5-6 at least along the Pohai Gulf. The prominent faults in the area determined to be the danger were the Jinzhou, Zhuanghe, and Yalu River faults, which were all prominent North-Northeast striking faults. There was then a large increase in scientific investigation in the surrounding province of Liaoning, as well as many new seismic stations, due to the long-range prediction.
June 1974
After four years of data collection the meeting was brought back together to determine a new prediction. They believed that the magnitude 5–6 earthquake they had predicted in 1970 would now occur within the next 2 years in the northern part of the Pohai Gulf. Severely increased microearthquake activity as well as levelling and short level lines data assisted in the new prediction decision. The scientific examinations in the area were increased significantly and a large education campaign was initiated to inform the public on earthquake safety and the hazards of earthquakes.
December 1974
There was a series of earthquakes in the area of Liaoyang, an area of usually low seismicity, the largest of which had a magnitude of 4.8. These quakes prompted the Revolutionary Committee of the Liaoning Province to issue alerts of a possible large earthquake in the near future. Reports of odd animal behavior and changes in ground water levels increased in the area into 1975.
Foreshocks
The prediction was further updated to be a magnitude 5.5–6 earthquake in the first half of 1975, likely due to the series of quakes at the end of 1974 as well as the observations of animals and groundwater. The foreshocks of the Haicheng earthquake then began on February 1, 1975 and continued into February 3. There were foreshocks of magnitudes greater than 4, which were felt throughout the province. The reports of odd behavior of water wells and animals began to migrate towards Haicheng at this time as well. Anomalies of radon emissions, electrical resistivity, and a tilt anomaly also occurred. All of this data led to the conclusion that the earthquake would occur within the next two days. Emergency measures were then taken to prevent loss of life.
Natural occurrences and earthquake prediction
The study of declassified Chinese documents as well as interviews with witnesses have revealed the other occurrences considered by the People's Republic of China's National Earthquake Research Program when predicting the Haicheng earthquake. While these anomalies are not always indicators of a major earthquake to occur, they were all taken into account during the prediction of the Haicheng earthquake. These anomalies include ground surface deformation, changes in groundwater (including changes in level, color, and chemistry), and unusual animal behavior.
Ground surface deformation
Ground surface deformation, also known as geodetic deformation, occurred both before and after the Haicheng earthquake. Dating back to decades before the earthquake, geodetic deformation was observed in the form of vertical crustal movements in a broad area around the general region of where the earthquake struck in 1975. The epicenter of the earthquake happened to fall where two of these steep vertical crusts intersect.
Another instance of ground surface deformation that was taken into account when predicting the earthquake was data recorded by the Jin Xian station 18 months before the quake occurred that was located only 200 kilometers from the epicenter of the earthquake. This data encompassed many stages of crustal deformation. This began with recording the initial, stable state, of the ground surface in the area. Tilting of the ground in one direction was then recorded, following by the recording of the ground tilting in the opposite direction. Stages of rapid to slow tilting were also observed. These data sets provided basis for intermediate and short-term predictions for the Haicheng earthquake.
Changes in groundwater
Water wells which were monitored closely saw great fluctuations in their levels increasingly until the earthquake occurred in February 1975.
Unusual animal behavior
Another sign of the earthquake coming was the unusual animal behavior. In December 1974, rats and snakes appeared "frozen" on the roads. Starting in February 1975 reports of this type increased greatly. Cows and horses looked restless and agitated. Rats appeared "drunk", chickens refused to enter their coops and geese frequently took to flight.
Earthquake prediction scrutiny
In recent years, the success of the earthquake's prediction has come under scrutiny. Seismologists have agreed that the Haicheng earthquake can't be looked to as any sort of "prototype" for predicting future earthquakes, as the foreshocks that played a huge role in leading to prediction of this earthquake are not a regular, reliable occurrence before all earthquakes. However, Qi-Fu Chen, a research professor at Beijing's China Earthquake Administration, explained that this earthquake at least "showed the importance of public education," prompting a further discussion about the necessity of making the public aware of the dangers, preparations, and warning signs related to earthquakes.
It is still a topic of debate, however, whether there is any merit whatsoever in the prediction. Until recently, there were no details given of the evacuation, which led to many scientists questioning the success of the prediction. The suspicion began were a lack of written records but increased due to the time period being during the cultural revolution, which was a period where gaining accurate information from China was extremely difficult.
This earthquake hit the nearby city of Tangshan and none of the foreshocks or other phenomena which were present before the Haicheng earthquake were observed prior to this incident. This second earthquake showed that the prediction of Haicheng's earthquake and subsequent evacuation was likely a fluke incident.
See also
List of earthquakes in 1975
List of earthquakes in China
Earthquake prediction
References
Further reading
External links
Earthquakes in Liaoning
Haicheng Earthquake, 1975
Haicheng, Liaoning
Haicheng
Haicheng earthquake
Haicheng earthquake
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik%20Mjelde
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Erik Mjelde
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Erik Nævdal Mjelde (born 6 March 1984) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Among his previous clubs are Sandefjord, Lillestrøm, SK Brann and Løv-Ham Fotball. Prior to joining Brann at the age of 16, he played for Fri.
Career
Mjelde made his debut for the Norway U21 national team in 2006 where he played one game. He also played a series of games for other youth national teams (U16, U17, U19).
After the 2019 season Mjelde decide to retire. In January 2020 he was hired as director of development for Arna-Bjørnar.
Personal life
He is brother of Maren Mjelde, who plays for Norway national team.
Career statistics
Club
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
Footballers from Bergen
Norwegian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Norway men's under-21 international footballers
Norway men's youth international footballers
Eliteserien players
Norwegian First Division players
SK Brann players
Løv-Ham Fotball players
Sandefjord Fotball players
Lillestrøm SK players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garver-Rentschler%20Barn
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Garver-Rentschler Barn
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The Garver-Rentschler Barn is a registered historic building in Hamilton, Ohio, United States. It was listed on the National Register on 11 August 1980 under the name of "Garver Barn"; the official designation was changed to the present name in 2014.
Historic uses
Agricultural Outbuildings
Notes
Barns on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
National Register of Historic Places in Butler County, Ohio
Barns in Ohio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My%20Island%20Home
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My Island Home
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"My Island Home" is a rock song written by Neil Murray for George Burarrwanga. It was originally performed by the Warumpi Band. The song references lead singer's (George Burarrwanga) home up at Elcho Island off the coast of Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory. It was recorded in 1986 and released as a single from their second album, Go Bush!, in January 1987.
It was covered by Christine Anu in 1995; she had been a backing vocalist in Neil Murray and The Rainmakers during 1992–1993.
"My Island Home" won 'Song of the Year' at the 1995 Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) Awards for Anu's reworked version of the song. It was also listed in the APRA Top 30 Australian songs of all time in 2001.
Warumpi Band version
Neil Murray, vocalist and guitarist for Warumpi Band, recalls writing the song:
It was first recorded in 1986 and released on the Warumpi Band's second album Go Bush! by Parole Records in 1987. Rrurrumbu would later record a version of it in the Gumatj language for his debut solo album Nerbu Message.
Christine Anu version
In January 1995, Christine Anu released a version of the song as the second single from her debut studio album, Stylin' Up. Anu, a Torres Strait Islander, changed some lyrics to reflect her circumstances. e.g.: Rather than moving to the desert, she compares island life to the city life, and from the point of view of a woman. In the music video, it intercedes between her singing, and an Aboriginal man deciding to drop his job as a cleaner, and start running through the city, the desert, and finally to the ocean. When he gets there, he swims to his home island and waves at his kid and wife.
At the 1995 APRA Awards, "My Island Home" won Song of the Year. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1995, "Island Home" was nominated for ARIA Award for Song of the Year, but lost to "Chains" by Tina Arena.
Despite peaking at number 67 on the Australian singles chart, it spent 20 weeks on the national top 100 chart. The song was voted at number 47 in the Triple J Hottest 100, 1995.
Anu performed the song at the closing ceremony of the 2000 Summer Olympics and at opening ceremony of the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney. The song was also listed in APRA Top 30 Australian songs of all time in 2001.
Anu re-recorded the song for her second album Come My Way in 2000, subtitled "Earth Beat" version, which removed the echoed effects during the choruses, but added subtle synth effects and more prominent guitar during the song, making it sound more rhythmic and polished, whereas the original was driven more with a drum beat.
In 2016, Anu's rendition was inducted into the National Film and Sound Archive's Sounds of Australia.
In 2018, Anu performed the song at the opening ceremony of the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast.
Charts
Tiddas
Aboriginal band Tiddas has also recorded a version of the song for the Radiance soundtrack.
References
Australian patriotic songs
1987 songs
1995 singles
Christine Anu songs
Warumpi Band songs
APRA Award winners
ARIA Award winners
Indigenous Australian culture
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20indoor%20arenas%20in%20Romania
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List of indoor arenas in Romania
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The following is a list of indoor arenas in Romania with a capacity of at least 1,000 spectators, most of the arenas in this list are for multi use proposes and are used for popular sports such as individual sports like karate, judo, boxing as well as team sports like handball, basketball, volleyball. The arenas also serves as a venue for cultural and political events.
Currently in use
Under construction
Under proposition
See also
List of football stadiums in Romania
List of indoor arenas by capacity
References
Romania
Indoor arenas
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talent%20Scout
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Talent Scout
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Talent Scout is a 1937 American musical drama film directed by William Clemens and starring Donald Woods, Jeanne Madden and Fred Lawrence. It is also known by the alternative title of Studio Romance.
The film's sets were designed by the art director Esdras Hartley.
Premise
After being fired from his job at a film studio, a talent agent attempts to build his new discovery into a star.
Partial cast
References
Bibliography
Steven Bingen. Warner Bros.: Hollywood's Ultimate Backlot. Rowman & Littlefield, 2014.
External links
1937 films
1930s musical drama films
American musical drama films
Films directed by William Clemens
Warner Bros. films
American black-and-white films
1937 drama films
1930s English-language films
1930s American films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobah%20railway%20station
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Tobah railway station
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Tobah Railway Station () is located in union council Tobah, Jhelum District, Punjab, Pakistan.
See also
List of railway stations in Pakistan
Pakistan Railways
References
External links
Railway stations in Jhelum District
Railway stations on Malakwal–Khushab branch line
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%20Football%20League%20play-offs
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1991 Football League play-offs
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The Football League play-offs for the 1990–91 season were held in May and June 1991, with the finals taking place at Wembley Stadium. The play-off semi-finals were also played over two legs and were contested by the teams who finished in 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th place in the Football League Second Division, the 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th placed teams in the Football League Third Division and the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th place teams in the Football League Fourth Division table. The winners of the semi-finals progressed through to the finals, with the winner of these matches gaining promotion for the following season.
Second Division
Semi-finals
First leg
Second leg
Brighton & Hove Albion won 6–2 on aggregate.
Notts County won 2–1 on aggregate.
Final
Third Division
Semi-finals
First leg
Second leg
Bolton Wanderers won 2–1 on aggregate.
Tranmere Rovers won 3–2 on aggregate.
Final
Fourth Division
Semi-finals
First leg
Second leg
Blackpool won 3–2 on aggregate.
Torquay United won 2–1 on aggregate.
Final
External links
Football League website
English Football League play-offs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailmaster%2022
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Sailmaster 22
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The Sailmaster 22 is a Dutch and American trailerable sailboat that was designed by Sparkman & Stephens as a cruiser and daysailer and first built in 1963. It was Sparkman & Stephens design #1743.
The design was developed into the Seafarer 23 Kestrel in 1963.
Production
The boat was initially built in the Netherlands by Werf Gusto in Schiedam and De Vries Lentsch in Amsterdam and imported into the United States by Seafarer Fiberglass Yachts of New York City and then by Sailmaster of Annapolis, Maryland. Production was moved to Seafarer Yachts in Huntington, New York in about 1965, who build the boats in a re-purposed supermarket. The design is now out of production.
Design
The Sailmaster 22 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of solid hand-laid fiberglass, with wood trim. The spars were originally sitka spruce. It has a masthead sloop rig, a raked stem plumb stem, a raised counter transom, a keel-mounted rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed stub long keel with a retractable steel centerboard. It displaces and carries of iron ballast.
The boat has a draft of with the centerboard extended and with it retracted, allowing operation in shallow water or ground transportation on a trailer.
The boat is normally fitted with a small outboard motor mounted in a lazarette locker, for docking and maneuvering.
The design has sleeping accommodation for two people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin. The galley is located on both sides just forward of the companionway ladder. The galley is equipped with a two-burner stove to starboard and a sink and icebox to port. Cabin headroom is .
The design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 288 and a hull speed of .
Variants
Sailmaster 22 D
Daysailer model with a smaller cabin and larger cockpit.
Sailmaster 22 W
Weekender model with a bigger cabin and smaller cockpit.
Operational history
In a 2010 review Steve Henkel wrote, "best features: We like the big, comfortable cockpit and the space below devoted to accommodations for only two rather than for the usual four. We also like the classic style and elegance, including the beautifully varnished clear spruce spars and wood trim when the boats were new. Worst features: We wouldn't like the chores of sanding and varnishing all that wood and of maintaining the steel centerboard, which tends to corrode around its pivot point."
In a 2017 used boat review Jack Hornor wrote in The SpinSheet, "With a displacement/length ratio of 362 and a sail area/displacement ration of 15.9, the Sailmaster 22, as one would expect, needs a bit of a breeze (preferably better than six knots true) to get her going. The Sailmaster is always a balanced and responsive handler. However, with the full keel and attached rudder, the 22 will not respond or tack as quickly as a fin keel-spade rudder design. Performance improves noticeably as the wind picks up, and the 22 tracks well and is easily balanced."
See also
List of sailing boat types
References
External links
Photo of a Sailmaster 22, showing the long keel and hull shape
Keelboats
1960s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Trailer sailers
Sailboat type designs by Sparkman and Stephens
Sailboat types built by De Vries Lentsch
Sailboat types built by Gusto Shipyard
Sailboat types built by Seafarer Yachts
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kora%2C%20Wardha
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Kora, Wardha
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Kora is a village in the Sumudrapur tehsil, Wardha district, Maharastra state, India.
The village is located about 350 km from Bhopal, 65 km from Wardha, and 38 km from Hinganghat, near the south corner of the Lal Nalla Reservoir, at a mean altitude of 228 meters. According to the 2011 census, it has 3,127 residents (including 346 children aged 0–6)s. The literacy rate is 82.5%. Its PIN code is 442301. It belongs to the Hinganghat assembly constituency and the Wardha parliamentary constituency.
Kora village is a gram panchayat and is administered by a sarpanch (head of village) who is elected every five years. The town has a primary and secondary school, a Hindu temple dedicated to Hanuman, and a masjid.
References
Villages in Wardha district
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All%20Nations%20Centre
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All Nations Centre
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The All Nations Centre is a conference centre and events venue in the Gabalfa district of Cardiff, Wales. The centre is associated with and located in the same building as the All Nations Church which was established at the site in 1991. It frequently hosts events for public sector bodies and political groups.
History
In 1991, the All Nations Church purchased the land where the centre is located, on Eastern Avenue (part of the main A48 road), opposite the University Hospital of Wales. The All Nations Centre was built to host church services and gatherings.
The All Nations church is a member of Ministries Without Borders, a grouping of evangelical churches.
Conferences
The venue was opened in 2003 as a conference site as a joint venture by the All Nations Church and Kairos Ventures Limited. The venture sees profits from the business used by the church for its international evangelism.
The All Nations Centre is a regular host to Welsh organisations including NHS Wales, Public Health Wales, the Welsh Government and Cwm Taf Health Board, as well as for regular Cardiff Council procurement events. It hosts examinations and lectures for Cardiff University and the Open University, and was a venue for the 2013 International Conference on Human Trafficking.
In recent years the centre has been visited by Prince Charles, and has hosted the BBC flagship political debate programme, Question Time. It is frequently chosen by the Welsh Conservatives as the venue for its hustings and conferences, having previously hosted Prime Ministers David Cameron and Boris Johnson. The Welsh hustings for the 2019 Conservative Party leadership election were held at the centre.
References
External links
All Nations Church
Buildings and structures in Cardiff
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharni%20Williams
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Sharni Williams
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Sharni Maree Williams (born 2 March 1988) is a female Australian rugby union player. She has played in the centre position for Australia, the Brumbies, and from 2008 to 2012 for the Canberra Royals. She won a gold medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio.
Biography
Williams made her international debut when winning her first Australia cap, against New Zealand on 14 October 2008 at Viking Park in Canberra. Some days before, she collected three tries in an unofficial test match won 95-0 by the Wallaroos against with the Australian President’s XV.
During the 2010 Women's Rugby World Cup in England, Williams scored one try against Wales and two in Australia's 62-0 victory over South Africa.
She was awarded ACT Rugby Rookie of the Year 2008 and Australian Women's Player of the Year 2010.
Williams made the transition to rugby sevens in 2011, earning a spot in the Australian women’s sevens team where she played every leg of the Women's Sevens World Series from its inception in November 2012. Injury ruled her out of the Sao Paulo Sevens in February 2016, however she returned in time to be named in the final round of the 2015-16 season in Clermont that saw her side win the country's first-ever World Series.
Williams was co-captain of Australia's team at the 2016 Olympics, defeating New Zealand in the final to win the inaugural Olympic gold medal in the sport.
On Australia Day 2017, Williams, along with her Rio team mates, was awarded an Order of Australia Medal.
Williams was named in the Australia squad for the Rugby sevens at the 2020 Summer Olympics. The team came second in the pool round but then lost to Fiji 14-12 in the quarterfinals.
Williams won a gold medal with the Australian sevens team at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham. She was a member of the Australian team that won the 2022 Sevens Rugby World Cup held in Cape Town, South Africa in September 2022. She was also selected in the Wallaroos team for the delayed 2022 Rugby World Cup in New Zealand.
Personal life
Aside from her rugby union career, Williams is a qualified mechanic. She is openly lesbian.
Achievements and honours
2017, Canada Sevens Langford dream team
References
External links
Wallaroos Profile
1988 births
Living people
Australian female rugby union players
Australia women's international rugby union players
Australian female rugby sevens players
People from the Riverina
Rugby union centres
Rugby union flankers
Rugby sevens players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic rugby sevens players for Australia
Olympic gold medalists for Australia
Olympic medalists in rugby sevens
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Australia international rugby sevens players
Commonwealth Games medallists in rugby sevens
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Australia
Rugby sevens players at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
Rugby sevens players at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Lesbian sportswomen
Australian LGBT sportspeople
Australian lesbians
Rugby union players from New South Wales
Rugby sevens players at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
Sportswomen from New South Wales
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick%20Pisciottano
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Nick Pisciottano
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Nickolas R. Pisciottano (born January 12, 1990) is an American elected official serving as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 38th legislative district which includes nine municipalities across the Monongahela Valley and South Hills regions of Allegheny County. Nick was first elected in 2020.
Education
Pisciottano graduated as class valedictorian from West Mifflin Area High School before earning bachelor's degrees in Accounting and History from Washington & Jefferson College. He later earned a master's degree in Government Analytics from Johns Hopkins University. While at Hopkins, his research focused on the concept of social capital culminating is his capstone thesis, “The Impact of the Internet on Social Capital: Broadband Access and Influences on Voting Turnout.”
Career
After graduation from Washington & Jefferson, Nick worked as an auditor at KPMG earning his Certified Public Accountant license in 2014. Outside of his professional career, Nick was active in his community volunteering as the president of the West Mifflin Community Foundation and as a student mentor with Big Brothers, Big Sisters of Greater Pittsburgh.
In 2020, Pisciottano was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 38th District succeeding the retiring Rep. William C. Kortz. His campaign focused on protecting workers’ rights, economic development, education reform, and providing high-quality constituent services.
Committee assignments
Commerce
Consumer Protection, Technology & Utilities
Labor & Industry
Transportation
Personal life
Pisciottano was born and raised in West Mifflin, Pennsylvania hailing from a family that settled in the area before the Civil War. He married his wife Molly in 2018 and they live together with their son Nico and two rescue dogs in West Mifflin.
References
External links
Official Website
Nick for PA Campaign Website
Democratic Party members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
People from West Mifflin, Pennsylvania
Washington & Jefferson College alumni
Johns Hopkins University alumni
1990 births
Living people
21st-century American politicians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sujapur%2C%20Punjab
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Sujapur, Punjab
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Sujapur is a village located in the Jagraon Tehsil of Ludhiana district in Punjab state 8.9 km from Chowkimann, which is near NH-95. It is 40.8 km from the main city Ludhiana and 11.1 km from Jagraon. The village's population is estimated at 1,300 and most have migrated abroad, mainly to Canada, the US and the United Kingdom. The village has a state run primary school and a high school. It also has a gurdwara at the village center where people go to pray and celebrate on various religious occasions. There is also a mandir at the edge of village which is named Sati-ana.
Culture
The people of Sujapur belong to Malwa. Punjabi is the local language here.
Transportation
By Rail
Chaunkimann Railway Station 9 km from the village.
Ludhiana Railway Station 36 km from the village.
Apart from that local buses and tempos are used.
Colleges and schools
Ludhiana Group of Colleges Chaukimann, Ferozepur Road, Ludhiana, Punjab 141001
Guru Hargobind Public Sr. Sec. School Sidhwan Khurad, Ludhiana, 142024
Anand Isher Public School, Kothe Pona.
Images of landmarks in village
References
Villages in Ludhiana district
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliss%20N.%20Davis
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Bliss N. Davis
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Bliss N. Davis (December 8, 1801 – February 11 1885) was a Vermont politician and lawyer who served as President of the Vermont State Senate.
Biography
Bliss Nash Davis was born in Vergennes, Vermont on December 8, 1801. He studied law, was admitted to the bar, and practiced, first in Hardwick, and later in Danville.
Davis served in local offices, including Justice of the Peace. He was also involved in several businesses, including serving as President of the Caledonia National Bank.
Originally a Whig, and later a Republican, Davis served as Caledonia County State's Attorney from 1843 to 1844 and 1848 to 1850.
In 1850 Davis prosecuted William Warburton, alias "Bristol Bill" for counterfeiting. Upon hearing the guilty verdict Bristol Bill stabbed Davis in the back of the neck. Davis recovered, and the next day Bristol Bill was sentenced to 10 years in prison.
He served in the Vermont Senate from 1858 to 1860 and was Senate President in 1859.
Davis maintained an active law practice until just a few weeks before his death. He died in Danville on February 11, 1885.
References
1801 births
1885 deaths
People from Vergennes, Vermont
People from Caledonia County, Vermont
Vermont lawyers
State's attorneys in Vermont
Vermont Whigs
19th-century American politicians
Vermont Republicans
Members of the Vermont House of Representatives
Vermont state senators
Presidents pro tempore of the Vermont Senate
19th-century American lawyers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yee%20Chih-yen
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Yee Chih-yen
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Yee Chih-yen (; born 21 November 1959) is a Taiwanese film director, screenwriter, critic, instructor, and writer. He was born in Taipei, Taiwan. His works include Blue Gate Crossing (2002), Dangerous Mind (2006)--Yee Chih-yen's television debut for the Taiwan Public Television Service that won Best Television Series at the Golden Bell Awards, Meeting Dr. Sun (2014) that won Best Original Screenplay at the Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards, as well as City of Lost Things (2020) that won Best Animated Feature at the Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards.
Biography
Yee Chih-yen was born in Taipei, Taiwan, where he also completed his undergraduate studies in English (formerly Western Languages and Literature) at the National Chengchi University. He then completed a Master of Fine Arts degree in Film at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) between 1983 and 1988. He has received many awards for his directorial works in both feature length films and commercial advertisements. Among his feature length works, he mostly crafts coming of age stories of queer teenagers. His cineatic works often revolve around prominent themes that concentrate on the socioeconomic and cultural influences that shape the young characters' experiences. He is a strong advocate for marriage equality and has publicly spoken about the issue. Yee Chih-yen is the current chairman of the Taipei Film Festival (TFF). On November 30, 2016, Yee Chih-yen came out as gay through a public Facebook post on his own page.
Career
Yee Chih-yen started working at the Central Motion Picture Corporation as a producer and director after returning to Taiwan as a MFA in Film. In addition to creating many popular television commercials, he also received China Times Advertisement Awards for his commercial productions.
In 1995, Yee Chih-yen made his directorial feature-length film debut with the Lonely Hearts Club. It was not a box office success, as the film deals with topics the public was disinterested in, such as queer identities and coming of age stories. However, the film was screened and nominated in multiple international film festivals, including the Toronto International Film Festival and the International Film Festival Rotterdam, and even winning the Best Female Lead Award (Pai Bing-bing) at the International Film Festival Prague – FEBIOFEST.
In 2002, Yee Chih-yen directed Blue Gate Crossing, which saw both commercial and critical success. Featuring young actors Chen Bolin and Gwei Lun-mei, who he will frequently collaborate with in the future, Yee Chih-yen tells the coming of age struggles of queer teenagers. The film was screened at many film festivals, including being nominated at the Tokyo International Film Festival, the Hong Kong Film Award, the GLAAD Media Award, and the Bratislava International Film Festival. It won the Special Jury Prize at the Bratislava International Film Festival. Blue Gates Crossing is Yee Chih-yen’s best known work.
In 2005, Yee Chih-yen collaborated with directors from Japan and China for the production of About Love, an omnibus film consists of three episodes. Yee Chih-yen directed the Taipei segment.
In 2006, Yee Chih-yen adapted Hou Wen-yong's same name novel into a television series: Dangerous Mind. The television series' depiction of the educational reform in Taiwan and its reflection on issues concerning Taiwanese teenagers were well received by the public. It also went on to win the Golden Bell Awards for Best Television Series and Best Male Actor the following year.
In 2011, City of Lost Things (2020), a feature length animation directed by Yee Chih-yen and produced by Lee Lieh won Top Prize for the Taipei Golden Horse Film Project Promotion. Adding to Yee Chih-yen's long emphasis on the younger generation, this animation also focuses on raising environmental awareness. City of Lost Things is Yee Chih-yen's first feature length animation. Due to its complex production and funding issues, its theatrical release was postponed from 2015 to 2021.
Yee Chih-yen’s fourth feature length film, Meeting Dr. Sun (2013), won Best Original Screenplay at the 2014 Golden Horse Awards. Its production and funding were supported by the Feature Film Subsidy funded by the Ministry of Culture of Taiwan.
In March 2021, Yee Chih-yen took over, from Mark Lee Ping-bing, as the Chairman of the Taipei Film Festival (TFF), for his role as a spearheading figure that strives for improvements in the Taiwanese film community, along with consistent recognition in young emerging filmmakers.
In May 2021, Yee Chih-yen’s first animated film, City of Lost Things, was nominated at the Annecy International Animation Film Festival and the Stuttgart Trickfilm International Animated Film Festival (ITFS). It also won Best Animated Feature at the 57th Golden Horse Awards, along with Best Animated Feature, Best Artistic direction, Best Costume design, and Best Special effects at the Taipei Film Festival.
Experience
B.A. in English (formerly Western Languages and Literature), National Chengchi University
M.F.A. in Film and Television Production, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Producer and Director at the Central Motion Picture Corporation in Taiwan
Consultant, Sun Movie (Taiwan)
Part-time Lecturer at the Taipei National University of the Arts, the Chinese Culture University, Shih Chien University, Fu Jen Catholic University, Shih Hsin University, and the Taipei National University of the Arts.
Works
Commercials
1999 －《Uni-Enterprises Master Coffee commercial（Itatly ver.）》
1999 －《Coca-cola ad（Town ver.）》
2000 －《Coca-cola ad（Axle ver.）》
2000 －《McDonald’s ad（Spicy McChicken ver.）》
2000 － 2000 Presidential Election Campaign for James Soong
Feature Films
1994 － Lonely Hearts Club
2002 － Blue Gate Crossing
2005 －About Love: Taipei Segment
2015 －Meeting Dr. Sun
2020 －City of Lost Things
Television Series
2006 － Dangerous Mind
Music Videos
2004 － Duihua Lianxi (Stella Chang)
2008 － Someone who loves you (Yoga Lin)
Books - Authored
2002 －Blue Gate Crossing Film Novel
2014 －Meeting Dr. Sun - Making of the Film
Books - Translated
1994 －Alternative Script Writing: Beyond the Hollywood Formula
Awards
Best Dramatic Feature, Meeting Dr. Sun (2015), Japan Osaka Asian Film Festival
Best TV series, Dangerous Mind (2007), Taiwan TV Golden Bell Awards
Outstanding Co-Production Film, About Love (2005), China Huabiao Film Awards
Special Jury Prize, Blue Gate Crossing (2002), Bratislava International Film Festival
Controversies
On November 25, 2018, drawing an sarcastic analogy between the legalization of same-sex marriages through a special law instead of the Civil Code and offering a master class limited to homosexual director and screenwriter only, Yee Chih-yen posted on Facebook, "In the future, we would only offer master class for homosexual directors and screenwriters only. No heterosexual attendees would be allowed. If heterosexual members would like to attend the class, they would have to listen from outside the window. I talk in very loud voice, so they would not have any issue hearing me. This mode of participation is specially designed for heterosexual members and it is inclusively designed without any discrimination. I am serious. (「未來要開一班只收同性戀學生的導演編劇課，不收異性戀。如異性戀要上課，他們要在窗外聽。我聲音很大，他們當然也可以聽到，這是為他們設計的專門辦法。這樣做，充滿愛很包容沒有歧視啊，我是認真的。」)"
References
External links
搶先看見準備發光的新星！易智言、黃子佼談未來電影、音樂風雲人物大預測 (English: Be the first to see new stars ready to shine! Yi Zhiyan and Huang Zijiao talk about the big predictions of future film and music figures)
1959 births
Living people
Film directors from Taipei
LGBT film directors
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89liane%20Thibaut-Comelade
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Éliane Thibaut-Comelade
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Éliane Thibaut-Comelade (3 July 1928 – 7 April 2021) was a French journalist, writer and cook, known for her expertise and knowledge of Catalan cuisine, as well as for her work in the field of food hygiene. In addition to being a professor of education in food science, she wrote over 80 books on the history and specifics of Catalan food. Her major work is La cuisine catalane (in two volumes), regularly reissued since 1978. She won the in 2009, the Creu de Sant Jordi in 2009, and was appointed an officer of the Légion d'honneur in 2020.
Biography
She was born in Rigarda, and her parents were both teachers. She studied initially in Montpellier, Toulouse, and later in Paris, at the école normale nationale d'apprentissage, specializing thereafter in food hygiene. She initially taught in middle and high schools, writing technical manuals on food science, and drew from traditional Catalan cuisines to use as examples in her texts. Her interest in the history of Catalan cuisine developed when she noted a lack of Catalan cookbooks in the 1960s, while working as a food science professor. She developed a significant personal archive of Catalan food history, building from oral accounts and recipes, as well as historical documents, e.g. those that listed menus of banquets. Her publisher, noting Thibaut-Comelade's interest in Catalan food, invited to write a book on the subject, resulting in the publication of her first book on food history and recipes, De la Costa Brava al Canigó (1960).
Thibaut-Comelade began her research in Catalan cuisine in the region of Pyrénées-Orientales, where she interviewed a number of local families including her own, for recipes, food traditions and cultural practices. She also sourced documentation of Catalan food from local institutions, such as the Hôtel de la Poste et de la Perdrix, the oldest hotel in Perpignan, and then expanded this research to study the history of Catalan food across the region, researching in multiple European archives for documentary sources. She wrote over sixty books during her career, including La Table médiévale des Catalans (Presses du Languedoc), in which she differentiated traditional Catalan food from French influences, by emphasizing the use of almonds and olive (picada) over butter and flour (roux), and La cuisine catalane (in two volumes), an encyclopedic account of Catalan cuisine that has been regularly reissued since its first publication in 1978. She was also one of the first scholars to acknowledge Jewish and Arab influences on the development of Catalan cuisine.
Thibaut-Comelade taught the preparation of Catalan cuisine at Hospice d'Ille-sur-Têt in Roussilon, collaborating with chefs and Catalan personalities, including Jordi Pere Cerdà, and Manuel Vázquez Montalbán. In the 1970s, at the invitation of Maryse Florette, the deputy mayor of Ille-sur-Têt, she began conducting cooking workshops to teach Catalan cuisine, which were very popular and continued until restrictions were placed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Thibaut-Comelade died in Perpignan on 6 April 2021, at the age of 92. Her husband, Pierre Comelade, was a psychiatrist, and her son, Pascal Comelade, is a musician and composer.
Bibliography
Almanach du Catalan 2020, co-authored with Gérard Bardon, éd. CPE, 2019 (almanac).
Almanach du Catalan 2019, co-authored with Gérard Bardon, éd. CPE, 2018 (almanac).
Almanach du Catalan 2018, co-authored with Gérard Bardon, éd. CPE, 2017 (almanac).
Almanach du Catalan 2017, co-authored with Gérard Bardon, éd. CPE, 2016 (almanac).
Petit traité savant de l’artichaut, éd. Equinoxe, 2016 (cookbook).
Ma cuisine catalane, illustrations by Cécile Colombo, éd. Edisud, 2015 (cookbook).
La cuisine catalane : 300 recettes d’hier et d’aujourd’hui, éd. Trabucaire, 2015 (cookbook).
Le riz en pays catalan, le riz à la paella ou en cassola, éd. Sud Ouest, 2014 (cookbook).
La cuisine des Pyrénées catalanes : Cerdagne, Capcir, Andorre, éd. Nouvelles Presses du Languedoc, 2013 (cookbook).
La Cuisine catalane (2 volumes), rééd. Lanore-Delagrave, 2010 (cookbook).
Ma cuisine catalane au fil des saisons, éd. Edisud, 1998 (cookbook).
Cuisine catalane et vins du Roussillon (Loubatières, 1995)
Technologie et hygiène alimentaire : 1er cahier, les nutriments, éd. Lanore, 1987 (textbook).
Art et gastronomie, éd. Lanore, 1982 .
References
1928 births
2021 deaths
French women writers
French women journalists
French chefs
People from Pyrénées-Orientales
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics%20at%20the%201956%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%204%20%C3%97%20400%20metres%20relay
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Athletics at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay
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The men's 4 × 400 metres relay was an event at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia. There were fifteen nations competing.
Final classification
References
External links
Official Report
Results
M
Relays at the Olympics
Men's events at the 1956 Summer Olympics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret%20Files%202%3A%20Puritas%20Cordis
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Secret Files 2: Puritas Cordis
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Secret Files 2: Puritas Cordis (German: Geheimakte 2: Puritas Cordis) is a graphic adventure video game developed by Fusionsphere Systems and Animation Arts and published by Deep Silver for Microsoft Windows, Wii, Nintendo DS, iOS, Android and Nintendo Switch. It was unveiled at the 2007 Leipzig Games Convention. A sequel, Secret Files 3, was released in 2012 to close out the main Secret Files trilogy.
Gameplay
Puritas Cordis utilizes the same point-and-click adventure gameplay as its predecessor, Secret Files: Tunguska. However, plot developments lead to the inclusion of a third playable character in addition to Nina and Max from the first game.
The game occasionally breaks the fourth wall, similar to its predecessor. For example, when Nina is asked to pick up a gun she says that minigames have been forbidden by the lead designer.
Premise
After Nina Kalenkov resolves the Tunguska event in the events of the first game, she ends up splitting up with her lover Max Gruber. Nina embarks on a cruise to Portugal and Max travels to Indonesia, but their separation does not last long. There has been an escalation of natural disasters around the world, and Nina's father Vladimir Kalenkov has been called upon to find out what is causing them. A vicar, fleeing into his church, is killed over documents prophesying the apocalypse, but not before he manages to get the documents into the hands of Bishop Parrey, a third playable character who is tasked with keeping the documents out of the wrong hands.
Plot
Continuous natural catastrophes have occurred in the whole world during the last few months and a UN General Assembly is about to take place in New York with officials and scientists who will discuss the taking of important actions. One of the scientists is Nina's father, as a geologist. Apart from that, there is a televangelist named Pat Shelton, who is the head of the European sect “Puritas Cordis” and preaches that only those with pure heart, and being members of his doomsday cult, will be saved.
Vicar Matthew found an old parchment written in code, in his old village church and sent it to Bishop Parrey before he was murdered by two men in combat suits. From what little Bishop Parrey could figure out, the parchment concerns a man named Zandona, whose mysterious prophecies speak of the end of the world. Bishop Parrey leaves the parchment somewhere for Professor William Patterson, who is an expert in medieval ciphers, to find, just before he is murdered too. One week later, Nina, following a recent breakup with Max, is about to get on board the cruise ship Calypso. Before she gets on board, a man stumbles upon her and is killed in an accident a moment afterwards. Nina then finds in her cabin William Patterson's suitcase, instead of hers, and as she searches for hers, she learns that the man who was killed in the accident, was William Patterson. After numerous strange occurrences happening on board the ship, the weather gets worse and as the ship is about to be hit by an enormous flood wave, a helicopter arrives to save a secret member of the sect who was on board the ship causing the misdeeds.
Meanwhile, Max is visiting a small Indonesian island to make a photo documentary of his old colleague Sam Peters, about an ancient temple. Suddenly Sam is attacked and kidnapped by sect members and Max is trying to save her. The ship where Nina is on, has capsized and she manages to get out on a nearby shore with David Korell, who is a vicar from Berlin. He explains to her that William Patterson slipped to her a letter when he bumped at her before he had the accident. Nina found it on board the ship and it's a letter written in 1681 by a nun, Sister Elise, at her last days. She mentions Zandona's prophecies, about a series of natural disasters that will happen before the end of the world, and she also mentions a “key” that can stop the end from coming, which is in the town of Gatineau, but she couldn't acquire it. At present time, David Korell explains that the sect was searching for this letter on the ship and that the catastrophes happened in the exact order prophesized, so they have to reach the, now, ruins of the ancient city of Gatineau and get the key.
Max saves Sam and prompts her to bring help. Then he enters the ancient temple alone, but the armed men from the sect had planted a bomb there, which sets off causing a volcanic eruption. As he flees, he is captured. Nina and David arrive at the ancient ruins of Gatineau and Nina discovers a letter where it's written that Puritas Cordis is Zandona's congregation made into a sect and they are behind all the “natural catastrophes”, causing all of them by sabotages. The first of them was the burning of the town of Gatineau to the ground in 1658, because they didn't believe him. Fortunately, their plans were averted back then. So, Nina and David assume that Pat Shelton and the modern Puritas Cordis are trying to complete Zandona's plans. The duo pick a trail leading them to Paris, in a Cardinal's secret archives, to find more of the old fake prophecy, in order to predict and avert Puritas Cordis’ next moves. After much effort all over Paris, Nina manages to find and enter the Cardinal's secret archives and with David they realize that the sect is planning to hit at the UN General Assembly. As they leave, sect members appear and apprehend them. David is shot and Nina is captured.
Max and Nina are led in front of Pat Shelton who explains the sect's plan. That the world was led to catastrophe due to its current world leaders and he plans to kill them all (alongside millions of people) by creating a tsunami and crash in many places worldwide, among them in New York and the UN General Assembly. And then he and other members of the sect will rule/lead the world. He also says that vicar David Korell was from the Church Intelligence Service and asks Nina and Max whether they are aware of any further efforts from the C.I.S. to prevent the sect's plan. He doesn't believe that they don't know anything more, so Max is shot and left for dead, but unbeknownst to all he is saved by a metallic object he had found earlier and had placed it in his shirt pocket. It is also revealed that Shelton was keeping everyone else in the sect in ignorance about his plans, except only his deputy (who was on board the Calypso). Max frees Nina and she manages to start a self-destruct sequence in Shelton's base of operations canceling his plans and thus saving millions of people. A lengthy and humorous ending cutscene follows, narrating what happened afterwards to each character participating in the game.
Reception
Secret Files 2: Puritas Cordis received "mixed or average" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic.
Sequel and spin-off
A third and final installment of the Secret Files trilogy, Secret Files 3, was released on Microsoft Windows in 2012, then ported to modern smartphones and the Nintendo Switch in 2020.
One year after the initial PC release of Secret Files 3, a spin-off game, Secret Files: Sam Peters, was released and eventually made available on the same platforms as 3. It is a shorter game based on the eponymous character who first appeared in Secret Files 2.
References
External links
2008 video games
Android (operating system) games
Deep Silver games
IOS games
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo Switch games
Point-and-click adventure games
Single-player video games
Video game sequels
Video games about cults
Video games developed in Germany
Video games featuring female protagonists
Video games set in France
Video games set in Germany
Video games set in Indonesia
Video games set in Portugal
Video games set in the United Kingdom
Wii games
Windows games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-454B
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R-454B
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R-454B, also known by the trademarked names Opteon XL41, Solstice 454B, and Puron Advance, is a zeotropic blend of 68.9 percent difluoromethane (R-32), a hydrofluorocarbon, and 31.1 percent 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf), a hydrofluoroolefin. Because of its reduced global warming potential (GWP), R-454B is intended to be an alternative to refrigerant R-410A in new equipment. R-454B has a GWP of 466, which is 78 percent lower than R-410A's GWP of 2088.
R-454B is non-toxic and mildly flammable, with an ASHRAE safety classification of A2L. In the United States, it is expected to be packaged in a container that is red or has a red band on the shoulder or top.
History
The refrigeration industry has been seeking replacements for R-410A because of its high global warming potential. R-454B, formerly known as DL-5A, has been selected by several manufacturers, including Mitsubishi Electric, Carrier, Johnson Controls, and others.
R-454B was developed at and is manufactured by Chemours. Carrier first announced introduction of R-454B in ducted residential and light commercial packaged refrigeration and air conditioning products in 2018, with R-454B-based products launches starting in 2023.
Related refrigerants
R-454B is not the only blend of R-32 and R-1234yf to be proposed as a refrigerant. Other blends include R-454A (35 percent R-32, 65 percent R-1234yf) and R-454C (21.5 percent R-32, 78.5 percent R1234yf). There are also several blends that include a third component.
References
Refrigerants
Greenhouse gases
Daikin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20Act%202004
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Energy Act 2004
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The Energy Act 2004 (c. 20) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom concerned with nuclear power, renewable and sustainable energy and energy regulation. Royal assent was granted on 22 July 2004.
Part 1
Chapter 1
Section 10
Section 10(2)(b) was substituted by paragraph 5 of Schedule 6 to the Environmental Authorisations (Scotland) Regulations 2018 (SI 2018/219).
Section 29
Sections 29(1)(b) and (c) were substituted by section 99(2)(b) of the Finance Act 2006. New sections 29(3) and (3A) were substituted for sections 29(3) and (4) by section 99(3) of the Finance Act 2006. Section 29(5A) was inserted by section 99(5) of the Finance Act 2006.
Section 30
Section 30(1)(b) was substituted by section 100(2)(a) of the Finance Act 2006. Section 30(1)(d) was inserted by section 100(2)(c) of the Finance Act 2006. Section 30(3) was substituted by section 100(3) of the Finance Act 2006.
Chapter 2
Section 44
Section 44(2)(d) was substituted by paragraph 436(b) of Schedule 1 to the Corporation Tax Act 2010. Section 44(2)(f) was substituted by paragraph 436(d) of Schedule 1 to the Corporation Tax Act 2010.
Chapter 3
Section 55
Section 55(5) was inserted by paragraph 11 of Schedule 7 to the Policing and Crime Act 2009.
Section 56A
This section was inserted by paragraph 3 of Schedule 2 to the Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2016 (Consequential Provisions) Order 2018 (SI 2018/46).
Section 57
This section was repealed by section 115(2) of, and Part 4 of Schedule 10 to, the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012.
Section 59
Paragraph (aa) of the definition of "chief officer" in section 59(3) was inserted by paragraph 44(2)(a)(ii) of Schedule 2 to the Police and Fire Reform (Scotland) Act 2012 (Consequential Provisions and Modifications) Order 2013 (SI 2013/602). Paragraphs (c) and (d) of the definition of "chief officer" in section 59(3) were repealed by Part 2 of Schedule 17 to the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005.
Paragraph (aa) of the definition of "relevant force" in section 59(3) was inserted by paragraph 44(2)(b)(ii) of Schedule 2 to the Police and Fire Reform (Scotland) Act 2012 (Consequential Provisions and Modifications) Order 2013. Paragraphs (c) and (d) of the definition of "relevant force" in section 59(3) were repealed by Part 2 of Schedule 17 to the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005.
Section 59A
This section was inserted by paragraph 199 of Schedule 4 to the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005.
Section 68
Sections 68(4), (5) and (6) were repealed by paragraph 44(6) of Schedule 2 to the Police and Fire Reform (Scotland) Act 2012 (Consequential Provisions and Modifications) Order 2013.
Chapter 4
This Chapter consisted of sections 72 to 75. Sections 72 to 75 were repealed as to England and Wales by Schedule 28 to the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010 (SI 2010/675), and as to Scotland by paragraph 1 of Schedule 7 to the Environmental Authorisations (Scotland) Regulations 2018 (SI 2018/219).
Chapter 5
Section 78
Section 78(1) was repealed by paragraph 30 of Schedule 12 to the Energy Act 2013.
Part 2
Chapter 1
Section 81
Section 81(3) was repealed by section 108 of, and Schedule 6 to, the Energy Act 2008.
Chapter 2
Section 84
Section 84(4) was substituted by paragraph 4(2) of the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009.
Section 95
New sections 95(1A) to (1C) were substituted for section 95(1A) by section 62(3) of the Scotland Act 2016. Section 95(1A)(b) was inserted by section 41(2)(d) of the Wales Act 2017. Sections 95(1D) and (1E) were inserted by section 41(3) of the Wales Act 2017.
Section 95(4A) was inserted by section 62(5) of the Scotland Act 2016. Sections 95(4B) and (4C) were inserted by section 41(4) of the Wales Act 2017.
Section 96
Section 96(8)(b) was inserted by section 62(8)(b) of the Scotland Act 2016.
Section 99
Sections 99(4) and (5) were repealed as to Scotland by paragraph 3 of Schedule 4 to the Marine (Scotland) Act 2010.
Chapter 3
Section 105
Sections 105(1A) to (1C) were inserted by section 62(9) of the Scotland Act 2016. Section 105(9) was repealed by section 108 of, and Schedule 6 to, the Energy Act 2008.
Section 105A
This section was inserted by section 69(4) of the Energy Act 2008.
Section 107
Sections 107(5) to (7) were repealed by section 108 of, and Schedule 6 to, the Energy Act 2008.
Section 108
Section 108(3A) was inserted by section 69(5) of the Energy Act 2008.
Sections 110A and 110B
Sections 110A and 110B were inserted by section 70(1) of the Energy Act 2008.
Section 111
Section 111(7)(b) was inserted by section 62(13)(b) of the Scotland Act 2016.
Section 112
Section 112(7)(b) was inserted by section 62(14)(b) of the Scotland Act 2016.
Section 112A
Section 112A was inserted by section 71 of the Energy Act 2008.
Chapter 4
Section 116
This section was repealed by section 108 of, and Schedule 6 to, the Energy Act 2008.
Section 121
Section 121(3) was inserted by section 40(1)(c) of the Energy Act 2008.
Section 121A
This section was inserted by regulation 2 of the Origin of Renewables Electricity (Power of Gas and Electricity Markets Authority to act for Northern Ireland Authority for Utility Regulation) Regulations 2008 (SI 2008/1888).
Chapter 5
Sections 125 to 125C
New sections 125 to 125C were substituted for section 125 by paragraph 2 of Schedule 7 to the Climate Change Act 2008.
Section 126
Sections 126(5) to (8) were inserted by paragraph 3 of Schedule 7 to the Climate Change Act 2008.
Sections 128
New sections 128(6) to(10) were substituted for sections 128(6) and (7) by paragraph 4 of Schedule 7 to the Climate Change Act 2008.
Section 129
Section 126(7) was substituted by paragraph 5 of Schedule 7 to the Climate Change Act 2008.
Sections 131A to 131C
Sections 131A to 131C were inserted by paragraph 6 of Schedule 7 to the Climate Change Act 2008.
Section 132
Section 132(3) was substituted by regulation 3 of the Energy Act 2004 (Amendment) Regulations 2012 (SI 2012/2723). Section 132(3A) was inserted by regulation 4 of the Energy Act 2004 (Amendment) Regulations 2012.
Part 3
Chapter 1
Section 137
Section 137(3)(za) was inserted by regulation 50(3) of the Electricity and Gas (Internal Markets) Regulations 2011 (SI 2011/2704). Section 137(3)(f) was inserted by section 65(3)(b) of the Energy Act 2013.
Chapter 3
Section 155
Sections 155(8) to (10) were inserted by section 48(3) of the Energy Act 2013.
Section 166
Section 166(3A) was inserted by section 93(2) of the Energy Act 2011. Section 166(6A) and (6B) were inserted by section 93(3) of the Energy Act 2011.
Section 171
Section 171(8) was substituted by paragraph 220(6) of Schedule 1 to the Companies Act 2006 (Consequential Amendments, Transitional Provisions and Savings) Order 2009 (SI 2009/1941).
Chapter 4
Section 180
Section 180(2) was repealed by section 108 of, and Schedule 6 to, the Energy Act 2008.
Section 184
Section 184 creates a scheme to reduce the cost of electricity distribution in areas with high electricity distribution costs. The AAHEDC scheme specifically covers the north of Scotland, currently the only area which receives assistance. Part of the tariff covers Shetland, and the remaining tariff covers the rest of the north of Scotland area. Tariffs for the scheme are published by 15 July each year but they take effect retrospectively from the preceding 1 April. The scheme is operated by National Grid Electricity System Operator (ESO), the national transmission system operator, a subsidiary of National Grid plc. The tariff in 2022/23 is 0.040670p per kwh.
Part 4
Section 198 - Short title, commencement and extent
The following orders have been made under this section:
The Energy Act 2004 (Commencement No. 1) Order 2004 (S.I. 2004/1973 (C. 87))
The Energy Act 2004 (Commencement No. 2) Order 2004 (S.I. 2004/2184 (C. 95))
The Energy Act 2004 (Commencement No. 3) Order 2004 (S.I. 2004/2575 (C. 110))
The Energy Act 2004 (Commencement No. 4) Order 2005 (S.I. 2005/442 (C. 20))
The Energy Act 2004 (Commencement No. 5) Order 2005 (S.I. 2005/877 (C. 38))
The Energy Act 2004 (Commencement No. 6) Order 2005 (S.I. 2005/2965 (C. 127))
The Energy Act 2004 (Commencement No. 7) Order 2006 (S.I. 2006/1964 (C. 66))
The Energy Act 2004 (Commencement No. 8) Order 2007 (S.I. 2007/1091 (C. 47)
The Energy Act 2004 (Commencement No. 9) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/1269 (C. 67))
The Energy Act 2004 (Commencement No. 10) Order 2010 (S.I. 2010/1889 (C. 98))
Schedule 14
Paragraph 11(b) repealed by Part 2 of Schedule 17 to the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005.
Schedule 15
This Schedule was repealed as to England and Wales by Schedule 28 to the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010. Paragraphs 1 to 8 and 10 to 12 were repealed as to Scotland by paragraph 1 of Schedule 7 to the Environmental Authorisations (Scotland) Regulations 2018.
Schedule 16
Paragraph 9(b) was inserted by section 62(19)(b) of the Scotland Act 2016.
References
Sources
"Energy Act 2004". Halsbury's Statutes of England and Wales. Fourth Edition. 2007 Reissue. Volume 33(2). Page 618.
"Energy Act 2004". Current Law Statutes 2004. Sweet & Maxwell. London. W Green. Edinburgh. 2005. Volume 1. Chapter 20.
External links
The Energy Act 2004, as amended from the National Archives.
The Energy Act 2004, as originally enacted from the National Archives.
Explanatory notes to the Energy Act 2004.
United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 2004
Energy law
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palpita%20carbonifusalis
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Palpita carbonifusalis
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Palpita carbonifusalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1918. It is found in Malawi.
References
Moths described in 1918
Palpita
Moths of Africa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieter%20Berkmann
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Dieter Berkmann
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Dieter Berkmann (born 27 July 1950) is a German former cyclist. He competed for West Germany at the 1972 Summer Olympics and 1976 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1950 births
Living people
German male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for West Germany
West German male cyclists
Cyclists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Cyclists from Bavaria
People from Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district)
Sportspeople from Upper Bavaria
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Catherine%27s%20Church%2C%20Frankfurt
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St. Catherine's Church, Frankfurt
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St. Catherine's Church () is the largest Protestant church in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It is a parish church in the old city centre near one of the most famous city squares, the Hauptwache. The church is dedicated to the martyred early Christian saint Catherine of Alexandria.
The building was completed in 1681 in a Baroque style. After being heavily damaged in 1944 during allied air raids in World War II, the church was rebuilt in the 1950s in a simpler style. More detailed restorations of the exterior and interior, including original baroque paintings that survived the war, were completed between 1978 and 2005. The steeple and roof were fully restored in 2011.
St. Catherine's has a long tradition as a centre of church music, starting from the days when Georg Philipp Telemann was director of the city's music. It hosts a regular concert series around the Rieger organ, installed in 1990.
History
Middle Ages and Reformation
In 1343, , cantor of Frankfurt Cathedral, received land in front of the Bockenheimer Tor of the Staufenmauer to build a hospice centre for the sick and poor. Two years later Frosch secured a foundation that guaranteed the financing of the hospital, and expanded it in 1354 with a patrician convent dedicated to Saints Catherine and Barbara, organized on the Rule of the Teutonic Knights for Women.
Frankfurt adopted the Reformation in 1533 and unilaterally appropriated all religious buildings within its old city centre. Both of the Medieval convents were dissolved and were given the Reformed French community in Frankfurt on 8 March 1554, officially founding that community in the city. Saint Catherine's Church however had a history in the Reformation before the 1550s, as it had been a pulpit for in 1522, whose preaching there sparked controversy in Frankfurt, for and finally for of Wittenberg.
Baroque
The church was built by Melchior Heßler between 1678 and 1681 in the Baroque style and stands in height. While the exterior of the building was kept modest, the interior was a lavish Baroque installation. Three sides (west, north and east) had a double gallery. A cycle of paintings on the galleries dominated the space. On the lower level were 41 paintings which depicted biblical scenes, one for each book from the Old Testament, and for several books from the New Testament. The upper level held 42 paintings with matching topics from the bible or allegories. The altar was installed in the East, as usual, but the pulpit was in the south wall. The wooden construction of the ceiling was reminiscent of a late-Gothic rib vault. It held a painting of biblical scenes which was not restored after World War II.
The German writer, artist, and politician Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832) was baptized in this church in 1749. The church's status was fixed in 1830 by the deeds of dotation contracts, which made the church one of the city's nine dotation churches left for eternal usage by a Protestant congregation.
Rebuilding
On 22 March 1944, an air raid destroyed much of the Altstadt, including St. Catherine's, whose clock froze at 09:43 local time. The city of Frankfurt decided to rebuild the church, keeping the interior simple.
The rebuilding began at Pentecost 1950 and was completed in October 1954. The architects were Theo Kellner and . The exterior was restored similar to the previous appearance. The interior was the subject of long debates. The wooden ceiling was reconstructed, while the ceiling of the nearby church Liebfrauen was not restored to its Gothic vaults. The multiple Baroque galleries on three sides were not restored, but replaced by a single simple gallery in the west which became the place for the organ. Below the gallery, a hall for meetings and one for weddings were installed. The main entrance was changed from the north to the west. The walls were kept plain white, and furnishing such as altar, benches and lighting were kept intentionally simple, in keeping with the mood of the 1950s. The main decoration of the church are 17 stained windows created by Charles Crodel.
After restoration, the church was reopened with a service on 24 October 1954. When a U-Bahn was built in the 1960s, it was difficult to enter the church. Exterior restoration was completed in 1978. Several paintings that had decorated the Baroque galleries survived the war. They were restored, and eight of them installed at the new gallery in 1990, including Die Predigt des Hosea (Hosea's Sermon).
Another interior restoration began in 2001 and was completed in 2005. The complete set of more than 80 Baroque paintings was shown in 2005 in an exhibition in memory of the 300th anniversary of the death of Spener, in the Franckesche Stiftungen in Halle (Saale). 22 of the paintings were shown in the Katharinenkirche, in addition to the eight permanently there, from 10 October to 31 December 2006.
The steeple was restored again in 2011, with a new roof and a colour of the walls matching historic models. The cross on top was also restored.
The Protestant congregation enjoys usufruct of the building. It is a member of the Protestant Church in Hesse and Nassau.
Music
The Katharinenkirche has been a centre of church music in Frankfurt through history. The first director of church music was Laurentius Erhardi (1598–1669), from 1625 when the church had its first organ. He was at the same time cantor at the municipal gymnasium, which supplied a choir for congregational singing in the church. Erhardi had a little instrumental group of four musicians.
Georg Philipp Telemann was from 1712 to 1721 director if music in Frankfurt, which included the church music at the Katharinenkirche. Only then was it customary, according to the chronicler , to accompany the congregation by the organ. In 1718, Telemann appointed Johann Balthasar König as the Kapellmeister at the Katharinenkirche. They were friends, even after Telemann moved on to Hamburg. König was promoted to municipal director of music in 1727 and held the position until his death in 1758. He was succeeded by Johann Andreas Bismann, who held the office until 1797, succeeded by Nikolaus Woralek, as the last church musician financed by the town.
On a private initiative, a Kirchlicher Gesangverein was founded in 1835, which performed regularly in several churches and halls of Frankfurt. The Katharinenkirche had for a long period no cantor, but only an organist, from 1897 to the destruction in 1944 .
When the church was restored in 1954, a new organ was built by Walcker, an instrument with four manuals and 55 stops in mechanical traction. It followed the ideals of the Orgelbewegung (Organ movement), neglecting the needs of romantic literature. The organ was built on a high level, where the air from the heating system led to pipes getting out of tune. Ingrid Stieber (1918–2005) was appointed organist and founded in 1956 the Kantorei St. Katharinen (St. Catherine's Chorale). She developed the choir to a quality presented on concert tours and on radio. From 1983, the organist has been Martin Lücker, who was also a professor of organ pedagogy at the Hochschule für Musik und Darstellende Kunst.
In the late 1980s, the city commissioned a new organ from the Austrian organ builder Rieger Orgelbau. Completed in 1990, it has 3 manuals, 54 stops, and serves both Baroque and romantic music. Lücker recorded organ music, for example the complete works by Johann Sebastian Bach, and began a concert series in 1983, playing twice per week free concerts of organ music, 30 Minuten Orgelmusik. The 3,000th concert was played on 3 July 2014. In 2004 Lücker and Martin Lutz began a joined venture to present Bach's church cantatas in Bachvespern (Bach Vespers) in their liturgical context: a lecture concert is followed by a service with a cantata related to the occasion, ten times per year, performed in Frankfurt and also in Wiesbaden, in the Marktkirche or the Christophoruskirche.
In popular culture
Despite neither in the novel nor in the cartoon the St Catherine's church is mentioned, In chapter # 22 of the television anime serie Heidi girl of the Alps, she climbed up at church tower easily identified by its aesthetic shape with St Catherine's church, in an intent to see the Alps mountains during her stayed in Frankfurt.
References
Bibliography
German
English
External links
Die Katharinenkirche in Frankfurt / vor 1944 / heute behnelux.de
Catherine
Frankfurt Main Catherine
Churches completed in 1681
Frankfurt-Altstadt
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimonty%2C%20Ostr%C3%B3w%20Mazowiecka%20County
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Klimonty, Ostrów Mazowiecka County
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Klimonty is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stary Lubotyń, within Ostrów Mazowiecka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately south-west of Mordy, north of Ostrów Mazowiecka, and north-east of Warsaw.
References
Villages in Ostrów Mazowiecka County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t%20gian
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Việt gian
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Viet gian (; ) refers to a Vietnamese person who sells Vietnamese interests. This term has existed since the imperial era of Vietnam and was later used by both the North Vietnamese and South Vietnamese to refer to supporters of the other side.
North Vietnam
Since 1945, the Viet Minh have officially used it in legal documents to refer to the Vietnamese who cooperated or collaborated with French colonists. The policies of the Viet Minh include "arming the people, punishing the Việt gian" and "confiscation of the assets of the French and Japanese imperialists and the Việt gian." On January 20, 1953, Ho Chi Minh issued Order No. 133-SL in North Vietnam to punish the Việt gian.
South Vietnam
It is believed that the term "Việt Cộng" is a contraction of the term Việt gian cộng sản ("Communist Traitor to Vietnam").
See also
Hanjian
References
Vietnamese words and phrases
Political pejoratives for people
History of Vietnam
Treason
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20Blanket
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Data Blanket
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Data Blanket is an American drone artificial intelligence technology startup company specializing in wildfire management, based in Bellevue, Washington. The startup has developed its own software that utilizes AI to map the perimeter of wildfires, while providing additional real-time information of ground conditions to firefighters on-site. The drones are flown autonomously and are capable of landing on their own.
History
Data Blanket was founded in March 2022 by Bar-Yohay and Yair Katz, both former executives at Eviation Alice, an electric aviation company that Bar-Yohay had also co-founded. Yohay and Katz are both veterans of the Israel Defense Forces, where Katz led special operations. An additional co-founder is Gur Kimchi, who had also co-founded and headed the Amazon Prime Air delivery-by-drone project. Kimchi spent a decade at Microsoft on projects including Virtual Earth and search, and is a founding member of the Federal Aviation Administration’s Drone Advisory Committee. As of 2023, the startup has received more than $4 million in funding, including from Bill Gates's Breakthrough Energy Ventures and Innovation Endeavors, which was co-founded by former Google CEO Eric Schmidt.
As of August 2023, the start-up is currently awaiting approval of two waivers from the Federal Aviation Administration, one for unrestricted UAV use and the other for flying beyond where an operator can see - Beyond visual line of sight. Katz has indicated that he expects approval "Very soon".
DataBlanket currently has 14 members.
System
The start-up utilizes coaxial drones manufactured by Ascent Aerosystems, which run on in-house software developed by DataBlanket. They are equipped with RGB and infrared cameras, AI-based computational software, 5G/Wi-Fi, and advanced navigational features. The drones are self-flown and are capable of autonomously dispatching to and monitoring sites, which can then return to their original location and land on their own. However, a human operator is required to monitor the flight to prevent interference with other UAVs or aircraft.
In the event of a fire, drones are intended to be flown above the radius, providing a 'bird's eye' view of the fire to firefighters on the ground. Approximately four of their drones can cover a 2 mile radius. The system utilizes 5G/Wi-fi technologies to rapidly transmit various data points, which are then processed by its generative model, in turn providing an exact permitter 'mapping' of the fire, in addition to 3D and other information that can be critical for firefighter's efforts; Namely, topography, vegetation, and fuel conditions.
DataBlanket has also stated its intention to eventually be able to generate microweather data, in addition to improved prediction of blaze behavior by continuous training on data gathered from previous fires.
References
Companies based in Bellevue, Washington
American companies established in 2022
2022 establishments in Washington (state)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs.%20Bernard%20Beere
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Mrs. Bernard Beere
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Fanny Mary Whitehead (5 October 1851 – 25 March 1915) was an English actress in the mid 19th-century. She was also known, after her marriage as Fanny Bernard-Beere, billed as Mrs. Bernard Beere.
Early life
She was born in 1851 in King's Lynn in Norfolk, England, the daughter of Francis Wilby Whitehead, who was listed on the 1861 England census as an "Artist and Picture Dealer". Her birth was the result of an affair - it is family lore that her mother was a housekeeper who died shortly after her birth, but it is unknown who this woman could be, since Francis Wilby didn't seem to have any servants. Francis Wilby Whitehead's wife, Elizabeth Jane Jarrold, left him in 1855 because of "his drunkenness and other causes" (adultery) and took her children, except for their son, Francis Wilby, Jr., and emigrated to America. In the 1861 England Census Francis Whitehead is shown as living with his common law wife, Mary Elizabeth Linford, her son James, Francis Wilby, Jr., and Fanny Mary. Her father Francis Wilby Whitehead died in 1862, when Fanny was just 11 years old.
Theatrical career
Beere was trained for the stage by Hermann Vezin, appearing first in London at the Opera Comique in 1877. Later she played Emilia in Othello and various English comedy roles at the St. James's Theatre. She appeared in W. S. Gilbert's play Gretchen in 1879. In 1883 she was engaged by the Bancrofts to play leading parts in Fédora and other dramas at the Haymarket Theatre. In 1891 she played Lady Teazle in Charles Wyndham's production of School for Scandal, and two years later played Mrs. Arbuthnot with Herbert Beerbohm Tree in Oscar Wilde's A Woman of No Importance.
Beere married three times; firstly in 1874 to Edward Cholmeley Dering (1833–1874), with whom she had a daughter, Janet Elizabeth Adela Dering (1874–1875). In 1876 as a young widow she married merchant Edward Beer (1850–1915) at St. George's church in Bloomsbury in London. After her second marriage she retired a short time from the stage, presently returning to it as Mrs. Bernard Beere. They presumably divorced before in 1900 as a 'widow' she married wine merchant Alfred Charles Seymour Olivier (1867–1922) in St. Mary's church in Kilburn. In 1892 she toured Australia with Otho Stuart as her leading man and in the same year visited the United States professionally.
She is mentioned in Women of History where she is referred to as an operatic soprano.
Notes
References
1851 births
1915 deaths
People from King's Lynn
English stage actresses
19th-century English actresses
20th-century English actresses
English Shakespearean actresses
Women of the Victorian era
Actresses from Norfolk
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C2HNO2
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:C2HNO2}}
The molecular formula C2HNO2 (molar mass: 71.03 g/mol, exact mass: 71.0007 u) may refer to:
Carbonocyanidic acid
Formyl cyanate
(Hydroxyimino)ethenone HONCCO
2-Nitrosoethenone ONC(H)CO
Oximide
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Thomson%20%28Australian%20politician%29
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Andrew Thomson (Australian politician)
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Andrew Peter Thomson (born 7 January 1961), an Australian politician, is a former Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives representing the Division of Wentworth in New South Wales.
Biography
Thomson is the son of the Australian golfer Peter Thomson and worked as a solicitor, investment banker and golf course designer before entering politics. He was educated at the University of Melbourne (arts/law), Keio University in Tokyo and later at Georgetown University Law Center in Washington DC. He entered parliament in April 1995 in a Wentworth by-election after Dr John Hewson vacated the seat when he retired from politics after being dumped from the Downer Shadow Cabinet and not reinstated into Howard's.
When the Coalition took government at the 1996 election, Thomson was made Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Foreign Affairs. On 6 October 1997, he became Minister for Sport and Tourism, and Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for the Sydney 2000 Games. Thomson was the first Member of the House of Representatives to speak fluent Japanese and Chinese.
Thomson retired from the seat of Wentworth in 2001 after losing preselection to Peter King. Thereafter, he worked in the United States after passing the New York Bar Exam, then later joined Minter Ellison in Australia as a special counsel. He worked in Singapore, Abu Dhabi, Saudi Arabia and Beijing before returning to live in Tokyo in early 2011 where he had worked in his twenties. Currently, he is registered as a foreign lawyer in Japan and has his own practice in the city of Fukuoka.
References
External links
Thomson's law practice in Japan
1961 births
Living people
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Wentworth
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
Keio University alumni
Georgetown University Law Center alumni
Australian solicitors
Australian expatriates in Japan
21st-century Australian politicians
20th-century Australian politicians
Government ministers of Australia
University of Melbourne alumni politicians
Politicians from Melbourne
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritan%20Pentateuch
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Samaritan Pentateuch
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The Samaritan Torah (Samaritan Hebrew: , ), commonly called the Samaritan Pentateuch, is a text of the Torah written in the Samaritan script and used as sacred scripture by the Samaritans. It dates back to one of the ancient versions of the Hebrew Bible that existed during the Second Temple period, and constitutes the entire biblical canon in Samaritanism.
Some six thousand differences exist between the Samaritan and the Jewish Masoretic Text. Most are minor variations in the spelling of words or grammatical constructions, but others involve significant semantic changes, such as the uniquely Samaritan commandment to construct an altar on Mount Gerizim. Nearly two thousand of these textual variations agree with the Koine Greek Septuagint and some are shared with the Latin Vulgate. Throughout their history, Samaritans have made use of translations of the Samaritan Pentateuch into Aramaic, Greek, and Arabic, as well as liturgical and exegetical works based upon it.
It first became known to the Western world in 1631, proving the first example of the Samaritan alphabet and sparking an intense theological debate regarding its relative age versus the Masoretic Text. This first published copy, much later labelled as Codex B by , became the source of most Western critical editions of the Samaritan Pentateuch until the latter half of the 20th century; today the codex is held in the Bibliothèque nationale de France.
Some Pentateuchal manuscripts discovered among the Dead Sea Scrolls have been identified as bearing a "pre-Samaritan" text type.
Origin and canonical significance
Samaritan traditions
Samaritans believe that God authored their Pentateuch and gave Moses the first copy along with the two tablets containing the Ten Commandments. They believe that they preserve this divinely composed text uncorrupted to the present day. Samaritans commonly refer to their Pentateuch as (, 'Truth').
Samaritans include only the Pentateuch in their biblical canon. They do not recognize divine authorship or inspiration in any other book in the Jewish Tanakh. A Samaritan Book of Joshua partly based upon the Tanakh's Book of Joshua exists, but Samaritans regard it as a non-canonical secular historical chronicle.
According to a view based on the biblical Book of Ezra (Ezra 4:11), the Samaritans are the people of Samaria who parted ways with the people of Judah (the Judahites) in the Persian period. The Samaritans believe that it was not they, but the Jews, who separated from the authentic stream of the Israelite tradition and law, around the time of Eli, in the 11th century BCE. Jews have traditionally connected the origin of the Samaritans with the later events described in 2 Kings 17:24–41 claiming that the Samaritans are not related to the Israelites, but to those brought to Samaria by the Assyrians.
Scholarly perspective
Modern scholarship connects the formation of the Samaritan community with events which followed the Babylonian captivity. One view is that the Samaritans are the people of the Kingdom of Israel who separated from the Kingdom of Judah. Another view is that the event happened somewhere around 432 BCE, when Manasseh, the son-in-law of Sanballat, went off to found a community in Samaria, as related in the Book of Nehemiah 13:28 and Antiquities of the Jews by Josephus. Josephus himself, however, dates this event and the building of the temple at Shechem to the time of Alexander the Great. Others believe that the real schism between the peoples did not take place until Hasmonean times when the Gerizim temple was destroyed in 128 BCE by John Hyrcanus. The script of the Samaritan Pentateuch, its close connections at many points with the Septuagint, and its even closer agreements with the present Hebrew text, all suggest a date about 122 BCE.
Excavation work undertaken since 1982 by Yitzhak Magen has firmly dated the temple structures on Gerizim to the middle of the 5th century BCE, built by Sanballat the Horonite, a contemporary of Ezra and Nehemiah, who lived more than one hundred years before the Sanballat that is mentioned by Josephus.
The adoption of the Pentateuch as the sacred text of the Samaritans before their final schism with the Palestinian Jewish community provides evidence that it was already widely accepted as a canonical authority in that region.
Comparison with other versions
Comparison with the Masoretic
Manuscripts of the Samaritan Pentateuch are written in a different script than the one used in the Masoretic Pentateuch, used by Jews. The Samaritan text is written with the Samaritan alphabet, derived from the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet used by the Israelite community prior to the Babylonian captivity. During the exile in Babylon, Jews adopted the Ashuri script, based on the Babylonians' Aramaic alphabet, which was developed into the modern Hebrew alphabet. Originally, all manuscripts of the Samaritan Pentateuch consisted of unvocalized text written using only the letters of the Samaritan alphabet. Beginning in the 12th century, some manuscripts show a partial vocalization resembling the Jewish Tiberian vocalization used in Masoretic manuscripts. More recently, manuscripts have been produced with full vocalization. The Samaritan Pentateuchal text is divided into 904 paragraphs. Divisions between sections of text are marked with various combinations of lines, dots or an asterisk; a dot is used to indicate the separation between words.
The London Polyglot lists six thousand instances where the Samaritan Pentateuch differs from the Masoretic (Jewish) text. As different printed editions of the Samaritan Pentateuch are based upon different sets of manuscripts, the precise number varies significantly from one edition to another.
Only a minority of such differences are significant. Most are simply spelling differences, usually concerning Hebrew letters of similar appearance; the use of more matres lectionis (symbols indicating vowels) in the Samaritan Pentateuch, compared with the Masoretic; different placement of words in a sentence; and the replacement of some verbal constructions with equivalent ones. A comparison between both versions shows a preference in the Samaritan version for the Hebrew preposition where the Masoretic text has .
The most notable substantial differences between both texts are those related to Mount Gerizim, the Samaritans' place of worship. The Samaritan version of the Ten Commandments includes the command that an altar be built on Mount Gerizim on which all sacrifices should be offered. The Samaritan Pentateuch contains the following paragraph, which is absent from the Jewish version:
Another important difference between the Samaritan Torah and the Jewish (Masoretic) Torah is in Deuteronomy 27:4. According to the Jewish text, the Israelites were told to enter the Promised Land and build an altar on Mount Ebal, while the Samaritan text says that such altar, the first built by the Israelites in the Promised Land, should be built on Mount Gerizim.
A few verses afterwards, both the Jewish and the Samaritan texts contain instructions for the Israelites to perform two ceremonies upon entering the Promised Land: one of blessings, to be held on Mount Gerizim, and one of cursings, to take place on Mount Ebal.
In 1946, the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered, which include the oldest known versions of the Torah. In Deuteronomy 27:4–7, the Dead Sea scroll fragments bring "Gerizim" instead of "Ebal", indicating that the Samaritan version was likely the original reading.
Other differences between the Samaritan and the Masoretic (Jewish) texts include:
In Numbers 12:1, the Samaritan Pentateuch refers to Moses' wife as , which translates as 'the beautiful woman', while the Jewish version and the Jewish commentaries suggest that the word used was , meaning 'black woman' or 'Cushite woman'. For the Samaritans, therefore, Moses had only one wife, Zipporah, throughout his whole life, while Jewish sources generally understand that Moses had two wives, Zipporah and a second, unnamed Cushite woman.
Several other differences are found. The Samaritan Pentateuch uses less anthropomorphic language in descriptions of God, with intermediaries performing actions that the Jewish version attributes directly to God. Where the Jewish text describes Yahweh as a "man of war" (Exodus 15:3), the Samaritan has "hero of war", a phrase applied to spiritual beings. In Numbers 23:4, the Samaritan text reads "The Angel of God found Balaam", in contrast with the Jewish text, which reads "And God met Balaam."
In Genesis 50:23, the Jewish text says that Joseph's grandchildren were born "upon the knees of Joseph", while the Samaritan text says they were born "in the days of Joseph".
In about thirty-four instances, the Samaritan Pentateuch has repetitions in one section of text that was also found in other parts of the Pentateuch. Such repetitions are also implied or presupposed in the Jewish text, but not explicitly recorded in it. For example, the Samaritan text in the Book of Exodus on multiple occasions records Moses repeating to Pharaoh exactly what both God had previously instructed Moses to tell him, which makes the text look repetitious, in comparison with the Jewish text. In other occasions, the Samaritan Pentateuch has subjects, prepositions, particles, appositives, including the repetition of words and phrases within a single passage, that are absent from the Jewish text.
Comparison with the Septuagint and Latin Vulgate
The Samaritan Torah contains frequent agreements with the Septuagint and the Latin Vulgate, the two Bible translations to which Catholics have traditionally ascribed considerable authority.
The Septuagint text agrees with the Samaritan version in approximately 1,900 of the 6,000 instances in which it differs from the Masoretic (Jewish) text. Many of these agreements reflect inconsequential grammatical details, but some are significant. For example, Exodus 12:40 in both the Samaritan and the Septuagint reads:
In the Masoretic (Jewish) text, the passage reads:
Passages in the Latin Vulgate also show agreements with the Samaritan version, in contrast with the Masoretic (Jewish) version.
In Genesis 22:2, the Samaritan Pentateuch places the binding and near-sacrifice of Isaac in the "land of Moreh" (Hebrew: ), while the Jewish Pentateuch has "land of Moriah" (Hebrew: ). The Samaritan "Moreh" describes the region around Shechem and modern-day Nablus, where the Samaritans' holy Mount Gerizim is situated, while Jews claim the land is the same as Mount Moriah, in Jerusalem,. The Vulgate translates this phrase as ('in the land of vision') which implies that Jerome was familiar with the reading 'Moreh', a Hebrew word whose triliteral root suggests 'vision.'
Evaluations of its relevance for textual criticism
The earliest recorded assessments of the Samaritan Pentateuch are found in rabbinical literature and Christian Patristic writings of the first millennium CE. The Talmud records Jewish Rabbi Eleazar ben Simeon condemning the Samaritan scribes: "You have falsified your Pentateuch… and you have not profited aught by it." Some early Christian writers found the Samaritan Pentateuch useful for textual criticism. Cyril of Alexandria, Procopius of Gaza and others spoke of certain words missing from the Jewish Bible, but present in the Samaritan Pentateuch. Eusebius of Caesarea wrote that the "Greek translation [of the Bible] also differs from the Hebrew, though not so much from the Samaritan" and noted that the Septuagint agrees with the Samaritan Pentateuch in the number of years elapsed from Noah's Flood to Abraham. Christian interest in the Samaritan Pentateuch fell into neglect during the Middle Ages.
The publication of a manuscript of the Samaritan Pentateuch in 17th-century Europe reawakened interest in the text and fueled a controversy between Protestants and Roman Catholics over which Old Testament textual traditions are authoritative. Roman Catholics showed a particular interest in the study of the Samaritan Pentateuch on account of the antiquity of the text and its frequent agreements with the Septuagint and the Latin Vulgate, two Bible translations to which Catholics have traditionally ascribed considerable authority. Some Catholics including Jean Morin, a convert from Calvinism to Catholicism, argued that the Samaritan Pentateuch's correspondences with the Latin Vulgate and Septuagint indicated that it represents a more authentic Hebrew text than the Masoretic. Several Protestants replied with a defense of the Masoretic text's authority and argued that the Samaritan text is a late and unreliable derivation from the Masoretic.
The 18th-century Protestant Hebrew scholar Benjamin Kennicott's analysis of the Samaritan Pentateuch stands as a notable exception to the general trend of early Protestant research on the text. He questioned the underlying assumption that the Masoretic text must be more authentic simply because it has been more widely accepted as the authoritative Hebrew version of the Pentateuch:
"We see then that as the evidence of one text destroys the evidence of the other and as there is in fact the authority of versions to oppose to the authority of versions no certain argument or rather no argument at all can be drawn from hence to fix the corruption on either side".
Kennicott also states that the reading Gerizim may actually be the original reading, since that is the mountain for proclaiming blessings, and that it is very green and rich of vegetation (as opposed to Mt. Ebal, which is barren and the mountain for proclaiming curses) amongst other arguments.
German scholar Wilhelm Gesenius published a study of the Samaritan Pentateuch in 1815 which biblical scholars widely embraced during the next century. He argued that the Septuagint and the Samaritan Pentateuch share a common source in a family of Hebrew manuscripts which he named the "Alexandrino-Samaritanus". In contrast to the proto-Masoretic "Judean" manuscripts carefully preserved and copied in Jerusalem, he regarded the Alexandrino-Samaritanus as having been carelessly handled by scribal copyists who popularized, simplified, and expanded the text. Gesenius concluded that the Samaritan text contained only four valid variants when compared to the Masoretic text.
In 1915, Paul Kahle published a paper which compared passages from the Samaritan text to Pentateuchal quotations in the New Testament and pseudepigraphal texts including the Book of Jubilees, the First Book of Enoch and the Assumption of Moses. He concluded that the Samaritan Pentateuch preserves "many genuine old readings and an ancient form of the Pentateuch."
Support for Kahle's thesis was bolstered by the discovery of biblical manuscripts among the Dead Sea Scrolls, which contain a text similar to the Samaritan Pentateuch. The Dead Sea Scroll texts have demonstrated that a Pentateuchal text type resembling the Samaritan Pentateuch goes back to the second century BCE and perhaps even earlier.
These discoveries have demonstrated that manuscripts bearing a "pre-Samaritan" text of at least some portions of the Pentateuch such as Exodus and Numbers circulated alongside other manuscripts with a "pre-Masoretic" text. One Dead Sea Scroll copy of the Book of Exodus, conventionally named 4QpaleoExodm, shows a particularly close relation to the Samaritan Pentateuch:
The scroll shares all the major typological features with the SP, including all the major expansions of that tradition where it is extant (twelve), with the single exception of the new tenth commandment inserted in Exodus 20 from Deuteronomy 11 and 27 regarding the altar on Mount Gerizim.
Frank Moore Cross has described the origin of the Samaritan Pentateuch within the context of his local texts hypothesis. He views the Samaritan Pentateuch as having emerged from a manuscript tradition local to the Land of Israel. The Hebrew texts that form the underlying basis for the Septuagint branched from the Israelite tradition as Israelites emigrated to Egypt and took copies of the Pentateuch with them. Cross states that the Samaritan and the Septuagint share a nearer common ancestor than either does with the Masoretic, which he suggested developed from local texts used by the Babylonian Jewish community. His explanation accounts for the Samaritan and the Septuagint sharing variants not found in the Masoretic and their differences reflecting the period of their independent development as distinct local text traditions. On the basis of archaizing and pseudo-archaic forms, Cross dates the emergence of the Samaritan Pentateuch as a uniquely Samaritan textual tradition to the post-Maccabean age.
Scholars widely agree that many textual elements previously classified as "Samaritan variants" actually derive from the earlier phases of the Pentateuch's textual history.
Regarding the controversy between the Samaritan and Masoretic versions of , the Dead Sea Scrolls texts agree with the Samaritan version, in that, in them, the Israelites were instructed to build their first altar in the Promised Land on Mount Gerizim, as stated in the Samaritan Torah, and not on Mount Ebal, as stated in the Masoretic text.
Derivative works
Translations
The Samaritan Targum, composed in the Samaritan dialect of Aramaic, is the earliest translation of the Samaritan Pentateuch. Its creation was motivated by the same need to translate the Pentateuch into the Aramaic language spoken by the community which led to the creation of Jewish Targums such as Targum Onkelos. Samaritans have traditionally ascribed the Targum to Nathanael, a Samaritan priest who died . The Samaritan Targum has a complex textual tradition represented by manuscripts belonging to one of three fundamental text types exhibiting substantial divergences from one another. Affinities that the oldest of these textual traditions share with the Dead Sea Scrolls and Onkelos suggest that the Targum may originate from the same school which finalized the Samaritan Pentateuch itself. Others have placed the origin of the Targum around the beginning of the third century or even later. Extant manuscripts of the Targum are "extremely difficult to use" on account of scribal errors caused by a faulty understanding of Hebrew on the part of the Targum's translators and a faulty understanding of Aramaic on the part of later copyists.
Scholia of Origen's Hexapla and the writings of some church fathers contain references to "the Samareitikon" (Greek: το Σαμαρειτικόν), a work that is no longer extant. Despite earlier suggestions that it was merely a series of Greek scholia translated from the Samaritan Pentateuch, scholars now concur that it was a complete Greek translation of the Samaritan Pentateuch either directly translated from it or via the Samaritan Targum. It may have been composed for the use of a Greek-speaking Samaritan community residing in Egypt.
With the displacement of Samaritan Aramaic by Arabic as the language of the Samaritan community in the centuries following the Arab conquest of Syria, they employed several Arabic translations of the Pentateuch. The oldest was an adaptation of Saadia Gaon's Arabic translation of the Jewish Torah. Although the text was modified to suit the Samaritan community, it still retained many unaltered Jewish readings. By the 11th or 12th century, a new Arabic translation directly based upon the Samaritan Pentateuch had appeared in Nablus. Manuscripts containing this translation are notable for their bilingual or trilingual character; the Arabic text is accompanied by the original Samaritan Hebrew in a parallel column and sometimes the Aramaic text of the Samaritan Targum in a third. Later Arabic translations also appeared; one featured a further Samaritan revision of Saadia Gaon's translation to bring it into greater conformity with the Samaritan Pentateuch and others were based upon Arabic Pentateuchal translations used by Christians.
In April 2013, a complete English translation of the Samaritan Pentateuch comparing it to the Masoretic version was published.
Exegetical and liturgical texts
Several biblical commentaries and other theological texts based upon the Samaritan Pentateuch have been composed by members of the Samaritan community from the fourth century CE onwards. Samaritans also employ liturgical texts containing catenae extracted from their Pentateuch.
Manuscripts and printed editions
Manuscripts
Abisha Scroll
Samaritans attach special importance to the Abisha Scroll used in the Samaritan synagogue of Nablus. It consists of a continuous length of parchment sewn together from the skins of rams that, according to a Samaritan tradition, were ritually sacrificed. The text is written in gold letters. Rollers tipped with ornamental knobs are attached to both ends of the parchment and the whole is kept in a cylindrical silver case when not in use. Samaritans claim it was penned by Abishua, great-grandson of Aaron (), thirteen years after the entry into the land of Israel under the leadership of Joshua, son of Nun, although contemporary scholars describe it as a composite of several fragmentary scrolls each penned between the 12th and 14th centuries CE. Other manuscripts of the Samaritan Pentateuch consist of vellum or cotton paper written upon with black ink. Numerous manuscripts of the text exist, but none written in the original Hebrew or in translation predates the Middle Ages. The scroll contains a cryptogram, dubbed the tashqil by scholars, which Samaritans consider to be Abishua's ancient colophon:
I am Abishua, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the Priest, unto them be accorded the grace of YHWH and His glory — I wrote this holy book at the entrance of the tabernacle on Mount Gerizim, in the year thirteen of the Israelites' possession of the Land of Canaan according to its boundaries [all] around; I praise YHWH.
Western scholarship
Interest in the Samaritan Pentateuch was awakened in 1616 when the traveler Pietro della Valle purchased a copy of the text in Damascus. This manuscript, now known as Codex B, was deposited in a Parisian library. In 1631, an edited copy of Codex B was published in Le Jay's (Paris) Polyglot by Jean Morin. It was republished in Walton's Polyglot in 1657. Subsequently, Archbishop Ussher and others procured additional copies which were brought to Europe and later, America.
Modern publications
Until the latter half of the 20th century, critical editions of the Samaritan Pentateuch were largely based upon Codex B. The most notable of these is Der Hebräische Pentateuch der Samaritaner (The Hebrew Pentateuch of the Samaritans) compiled by August von Gall and published in 1918. An extensive critical apparatus is included listing variant readings found in previously published manuscripts of the Samaritan Pentateuch. His work is still regarded as being generally accurate despite the presence of some errors, but it neglects important manuscripts including the Abisha Scroll which had not yet been published at the time. Textual variants found in the Abisha scroll were published in 1959 by Federico Pérez Castro and between 1961 and 1965 by A. and R. Sadaqa in Jewish and Samaritan Versions of the Pentateuch – With Particular Stress on the Differences Between Both Texts. In 1976 L.F. Giron-Blanc published Codex Add. 1846, a Samaritan Pentateuch codex dating to 1100 CE in the critical edition Pentateuco Hebreo-Samaritano: Génesis supplemented with variants found in fifteen previously unpublished manuscripts. Certain recently published critical editions of Pentateuchal books take Samaritan variants into account, including D.L. Phillips' edition of Exodus.
The Arabic translation of the Samaritan Pentateuch has been edited and published at the beginning of the 21st century.
Several publications containing the text of the Samaritan Targum have appeared. In 1875, the German scholar Adolf Brüll published his Das samaritanische Targum zum Pentateuch (The Samaritan Targum to the Pentateuch). More recently a two volume set edited by Abraham Tal appeared featuring the first critical edition based upon all extant manuscripts containing the Targumic text.
See also
Samaritan Hebrew
References
Citations
Sources
Buttrick, George Arthur and board, eds. (1952). The Interpreter's Bible, Vol. 1. Nashville, Tennessee: Abingdon Press.
Bibliography
Tsedaka, Benyamim, and Sharon Sullivan, eds. The Israelite Samaritan Version of the Torah: First English Translation Compared with the Masoretic Version. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2013.
Shoulson, Mark E, compiler 2008. The Torah: Jewish and Samaritan versions compared (Hebrew). Evertype. / .
Schorch, Stefan (June 3, 2004). Die Vokale des Gesetzes: Die samaritanische Lesetradition als Textzeugin der Tora (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft) (German ed., Walter de Gruyter). /
A.C. Hwiid, Specimen ineditae versionis Arabico-Samaritanae, Pentateuchi e codice manuscripto Bibliothecae Barberinae (Rome, 1780).
A.S. Halkin, “The Scholia to Numbers and Deuteronomy in the Samaritan Arabic Pentateuch,” Jewish Quarterly Review 34 n.s. (1943–44): 41–59.
T.G.J. Juynboll, “Commentatio de versione Arabico-Samaritana, et de scholiis, quae codicibus Parisiensibus n. 2 et 4 adscripta sunt,” Orientalia 2 (1846), pp. 113–1
57.
Further reading
"The Other Torah", by Chavie Lieber, 14 May 2013, tabletmag.com
External links
Jewish Encyclopedia: Samaritans: Samaritan Version of the Pentateuch
Samaritan Pentateuch Add.1846 – digitised version of the earliest complete manuscript of the Samaritan Pentateuch on Cambridge Digital Library
2nd-century BC books
Torah
Biblical criticism
Early versions of the Bible
Ancient Jewish literature
Jewish prayer and ritual texts
Samaritan texts
Texts attributed to Moses
Ancient Hebrew texts
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royville%2C%20Indiana
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Royville, Indiana
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Royville is an unincorporated town in Perry Township, Allen County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.
Political districts
List of United States senators from Indiana
Indiana's 3rd congressional district
State Senate District 15 Liz Brown
State House District 84 Robert Morris
Board of Commissioners
Richard E. Beck Jr.
Therese M. Brown
F. Nelson Peters
Prosecuting Attorney, Karen E. Richards
Sheriff, David Gladieux
County Treasurer, William Royce
(information as of May 2020)
Cemeteries
Union Chapel Cemetery
School districts
Northwest Allen County Schools (NACS)
References
Unincorporated communities in Allen County, Indiana
Unincorporated communities in Indiana
Fort Wayne, IN Metropolitan Statistical Area
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigot%20%28film%29
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Gigot (film)
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Gigot is a 1962 American comedy film directed by Gene Kelly and starring Jackie Gleason.
Plot
Gigot (Gleason) (the name means "leg of mutton" in French) is a mute Frenchman living in a cellar in the Ménilmontant district of Paris in the 1920s. He ekes out a hand-to-mouth existence as a janitor at his landlady's apartment building. He is routinely treated with condescension by neighbors and often is made the butt of practical jokes. However, he is a decent and kindhearted fellow, traits not unnoticed by children and the animals he often feeds. Gigot has one unusual predilection: he is attracted by funeral processions and finds himself attending, whether or not he ever knew the departed. He can't help but cry along with all the other mourners.
After being abused by locals at a pub, he chances upon a woman, Colette (Katherine Kath), and her 6-year-old daughter Nicole (Diane Gardner), huddled in a doorway trying to stay dry. He takes them to his dingy basement abode, gives them what food and drink he has, a bed to sleep in, and shelter from the rain. Colette is suspicious but is so exhausted that she accepts.
Gigot gleefully dotes upon Nicole. Gigot is astonished to discover she is ignorant of what a church is, completely unaware of God. Nicole points to a crucifix and asks about it. The mute attempts to convey the identity and significance of Christ as the savior of the world, but Nicole cannot understand. Frustrated at his inability to explain, Gigot begins punching himself in the face, until Nicole cries for him to stop, and reassures him by imitating the motions Gigot used in his own attempts to explain.
Gigot entertains the little girl by dancing to his old gramophone, and by dressing as a waiter to feed his pet mouse. He is very protective, running alongside her on a merry-go-round to make sure she doesn't fall off. He also intervenes to protect Colette's honor while she is, in fact, in the act of propositioning a man who has sexual intercourse with prostitutes, to pick her and use her services on a bench near the merry-go-round. Gigot is beaten by the frustrated man and the john's compatriot for his trouble.
Furious over his interference with her "activities," Colette threatens to bolt with Nicole unless Gigot can provide her a life with a "man of means." Given only an hour to prove himself, Gigot happens past a bakery. The baker and his wife (having taken advantage of him for years) have been called away, thus leaving their till unattended. Gigot seizes the opportunity and steals their money.
With those ill-gotten gains, Gigot goes on a shopping spree, buying much-needed new clothes for Colette and Nicole, with a straw boater and a shave for himself. He buys a grand meal and drinks for all at a restaurant. But the good times are not to last — Colette's ex-boyfriend wants her back, and Colette succumbs. She expects to take Nicole along, but her pimp persuades her to wait.
The next morning, two bumbling bureaucrats try to remove Gigot to a home for the feeble-minded. Meanwhile, the baker has discovered the theft, and when Colette returns, Gigot and Nicole are missing. Gigot becomes a suspect, but he and Nicole are only playing at an abandoned basement chamber below the streets of Paris, while Gigot dances for her with so much gusto that the roof timbers fall in. They are nearly buried in rubble and Nicole is unconscious. Gigot rushes the girl to the church where the priest calls a doctor, but hearing Nicole feebly asking for him to play the music Gigot rushes out to retrieve the gramophone. While returning, he runs into the angry mob and flees. During the chase the gramophone falls onto the conveyor mechanism of a coal loader. Desperate to retrieve it for Nicole's sake, Gigot ignores the danger and warnings of the crowd chasing him and climbs into the loader. Ultimately the conveyor dumps the gramophone and Gigot down a chute with both falling into the river. The crowd rushes to the bank to find him and desperately try to warn off a ship heading towards the spot where Gigot disappeared. The warnings have no effect, and Gigot's hat is seen floating on the surface of the water in the wake of the ship's passing.
Thinking him dead, the locals are despondent over their despicable actions. In remorse they organize a funeral for Gigot, though all they have is his chapeau to bury. Gigot survived and is merely hiding. Unknowingly, he witnesses his own funeral procession and as usual is compelled to join it. When the time comes for the eulogy, he realizes it is for him. Gigot is spotted by the crowd and the chase begins again.
Cast
Background and other information
Gleason had conceived the story himself years earlier and had long dreamed of making the film. He wanted Orson Welles as director, and Paddy Chayefsky as screenwriter. Though Welles was an old friend, the board at Fox rejected him as being an overspender. Gene Kelly was selected as a compromise. Chayefsky was not interested and John Patrick, writer of Teahouse of the August Moon, was signed instead.
The film was shot on location in Paris. Most of the production crew and cast were French; some spoke no English. Gleason bore with this in two ways: Kelly spoke French, and Gleason's character had no lines, being mute.
Gleason was extremely proud of the film, which earned one Academy Award nomination for Best Adapted Score. Gleason received a story credit and a music credit. On the other hand, according to the book, The Films of Gene Kelly, by Tony Thomas, Kelly himself said that the film "had been so drastically cut and reedited that it had little to do with my version".
Reception
Once the movie premiered at the Radio City Music Hall, The New York Times critic Bosley Crowther did not much care for Gigot: "[Gleason's] characterization of a lonely, unspeaking vagabond, who hungers for social acceptance and the warmth of somebody's love, is modeled after Chaplin... [U]nfortunately, Mr. Gleason, for all his recognized comic skill when it comes to cutting broad and grotesque capers, as he does now and then, does not have the power of expression or the subtleties of physical attitude to convey the poignant implications of such a difficult, delicate role."
Prolific critic Leslie Halliwell was not nearly so polite: "[A] grotesque piece of self-indulgence, the arch example of the clown who wanted to play Hamlet. Plotless, mawkish and wholly unfunny."
Life magazine was perhaps more taken with the spirit of the film, calling it a "genial fable." "Gleason portrays a Parisian ragamuffin who, though trapped in a world of silence and poverty, finds great joy in just being alive." The unsigned piece observes that "Because he cannot speak, people think Gigot is a fool and constantly make cruel fun of him. But like all legendary simpletons, Gigot has a heart of 36-carat gold and when he outsmarts the smart alecks, many customers in a good many lands are going to have their happiest cry since Little Red Ridinghood...."
Shamus Gwynn of the Irish Independent said “The movie touched me as a child long before I burdened myself with the yoke of a critic. Then upon my professional review many years later, I found the movie still moved me and does to this day. A subtle classic.”
In its entry on Jackie Gleason, the Encyclopedia of Hollywood Film Actors said the performer had "some starring vehicles, of which Gigot, from a story by Gleason himself, was the noblest attempt. In it he played, quite nicely, a mute, slow-witted Parisian janitor, but the extreme sentimentality of the whole piece turned off both critics and public."
Kelly later said "the people I wanted to like it didn't; it was not my picture when it ended up. Seven Arts made 40 and more cuts or changes without telling Jackie Gleason or me; we were both very unhappy about it."
Remake
In 2004, the film was remade for television as The Wool Cap with William H. Macy.
See also
List of American films of 1962
List of films featuring the deaf and hard of hearing
References
External links
1962 films
1962 comedy films
American comedy films
20th Century Fox films
Warner Bros. films
Films directed by Gene Kelly
Films set in Paris
Films set in the 1920s
Films with screenplays by Frank Tashlin
1960s English-language films
1960s American films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tua%20Forsstr%C3%B6m
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Tua Forsström
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Tua Birgitta Forsström (born 2 April 1947) is a Finland-Swedish writer who writes in Swedish. She was awarded the Nordic Council Literature Prize in 1998 for the poetry collection Efter att ha tillbringat en natt bland hästar. Forsström's work is known for its engagement with the Finnish landscape, travel and conflicts within relationships. She often uses quotations in her work, sometimes placing them directly into her poems and at other times using them as introductions or interludes in her sequences. She has used quotations from Egon Friedell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Hermann Hesse and Friedrich Nietszche. In the collection After Spending a Night Among Horses () (1997) Forsström uses quotations from the Andrei Tarkovsky film Stalker, they are placed as interludes in a sequence of pieces and sit alone on the page, without direct reference to their source on the page, leaving this to a Notes & Quotations section at the end of the book.
She published her first book in 1972, A Poem about Love and Other Things (). Her breakthrough into the English-speaking world came in 1987 with her sixth collection, Snow Leopard (), which was translated into the English by David McDuff and published by Bloodaxe Books. In 1990, the book won a Poetry Book Society Translation Award in the United Kingdom. In 2006, I Studied Once at a Wonderful Faculty was published by Bloodaxe Books, with translations from David McDuff and Stina Katchadourian. The collection contains Snow Leopard () (1987), The Parks () (1992), After Spending a Night Among Horses () (1997) and a new poem sequence called Minerals.
On 7 February 2019, Forsström was elected a member of the Swedish Academy, succeeding Katarina Frostenson in seat 18. She was inducted in December 2019.
Bibliography
A Poem About Love and Other Things () (1972)
Where the Notes End () (1974)
Actually We are Very Happy () (1976)
Yellow bird's-nest () (1979)
September (1983)
Snow Leopard () (1987)
The Mariana Trench () (1990)
The Parks () (1992)
After Having Spent a Night Among Horses () (1997)
I Studied Once at a Wonderful Faculty'' () (2003)
Awards
Nordic Council's Literature Prize 1998
References
1947 births
Living people
People from Porvoo
Finnish poets in Swedish
Nordic Council Literature Prize winners
Finnish women poets
20th-century Finnish poets
20th-century Finnish women writers
21st-century Finnish women writers
21st-century Finnish poets
International Writing Program alumni
Swedish-speaking Finns
Members of the Swedish Academy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria%20at%20the%202020%20Winter%20Youth%20Olympics
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Austria at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics
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Austria competed at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics in Lausanne, Switzerland from 9 to 22 January 2020.
Medalists
Alpine skiing
Boys
Girls
Mixed
Biathlon
Boys
Girls
Mixed
Cross-country skiing
Boys
Girls
Freestyle skiing
Lisa Titscher also qualify to the Games, but she crashed during before the Olympics training session in Reiteralm, and didn't travel with team.
Ski cross
Slopestyle & Big Air
Ice hockey
3x3
Girls
Emma Hofbauer
Marja Linzbichler
Magdalena Luggin
Lisa Schröfl
Luge
Boys
Girls
The first nominated Selina Egle broke a foot during the training. Re-nominated is Madlen Loß for the single event, an Austrian double will not start.
Nordic combined
Individual
Nordic mixed team
Short track speed skating
One Austrian skater achieved quota place for Austria based on the results of the 2019 World Junior Short Track Speed Skating Championships.
Boys
Skeleton
Ski jumping
Boys
Girls
Team
Ski mountaineering
Boys
Girls
Sprint
Mixed
Snowboarding
Snowboard cross
Halfpipe, Slopestyle, & Big Air
Snowboard and ski cross relay
Speed skating
One Austrian skater achieved quota place for Austria based on the results of the 2019 World Junior Speed Skating Championships.
Boys
Mass Start
Mixed
See also
Austria at the Youth Olympics
Austria at the 2020 Summer Olympics
References
2020 in Austrian sport
Nations at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics
Austria at the Youth Olympics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Marks%20Is%20Dead
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St. Marks Is Dead
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St. Marks Is Dead: The Many Lives of America's Hippest Street is a nonfiction book by Ada Calhoun about the history of St. Mark's Place, a three-block stretch of East Village, Manhattan. Calhoun, who grew up on the street, shows how disillusioned bohemians of every era have declared "St. Marks Is Dead" when their era on the street passed. The book was released on November 2, 2015, by W. W. Norton & Company. It was named by many publications one of the best books of 2015.
Summary
In a narrative history informed by 250 interviews and 70 rare images, St. Marks native Ada Calhoun profiles iconic characters, including W. H. Auden, Abbie Hoffman, Keith Haring, Beastie Boys, Frank O'Hara, Emma Goldman, The Velvet Underground, and the New York Dolls. She argues that St. Marks has variously been an elite address, an immigrants' haven, a mafia warzone, a hippie paradise, and a backdrop to the film Kids―and always been a place that outsiders call home. The book is organized around pivotal moments throughout history when denizens declared "St. Marks is dead."
Reception
St. Marks Is Dead was a New York Times Editors’ Pick, Amazon.com Book of the Month, and named one of the best books of the year by Kirkus Reviews, The Boston Globe, Orlando Weekly, and New York Post. The Village Voice called it, "The Best Nonfiction Book About New York, 2015," and said, "With St. Marks Is Dead, Ada Calhoun just became the most important new voice on old New York."
The Atlantic wrote: "Timely, provocative, and stylishly written …Calhoun's book serves as a welcome corrective to that rallying cry [that gentrification is bad], and to the tendency to romanticize New York City in the 1970s, when the city was far more riotous and permissive than it is now. … Her aplomb, in fact, is precisely what the discussion needs. Her portrait of neighborhood resilience might suggest more temperate proposals for an increasingly polarized debate."
The New York Times Book Review said, "Calhoun, who grew up on St. Mark's Place, is careful not to romanticize any one era of the East Village (which serves as a suitable proxy for much of New York City during the past century). St. Marks Is Dead is an ecstatic roll call."
The book won the 2016 Independent Publisher Book Awards gold medal in U.S. History.
References
External links
St. Marks Is Dead, at W. W. Norton (official book site)
Author's official website
NewYorker.com excerpt
New York Times op-ed
Village Voice profile
New York Times Book Review
Wall Street Journal review
Atlantic review
L.A. Review of Books Interview
2015 non-fiction books
Books about New York City
W. W. Norton & Company books
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5kon%20Asker%C3%B8d
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Håkon Askerød
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Håkon Askerød (5 July 1910 – 28 August 1989) was a Norwegian footballer. He played in one match for the Norway national football team in 1935.
References
External links
1910 births
1989 deaths
Norwegian men's footballers
Norway men's international footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Moss FK players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siyaku
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Siyaku
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Siyaku (also, Siyakh and Siaku) is a village and municipality in the Astara Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,281. The municipality consists of the villages of Siyaku, Giləşə, and Binabəy.
References
Populated places in Astara District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eratoneura%20morgani
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Eratoneura morgani
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Eratoneura morgani is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae.
References
Further reading
External links
Insects described in 1916
Erythroneurini
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robertson%2C%20Martin%20%26%20Smith
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Robertson, Martin & Smith
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Robertson, Martin and Smith was an engineering firm in Melbourne in the second half of the nineteenth century. The company manufactured the first steam locomotive to be built in Australia.
Robertson, Martin and Smith comprised a partnership of William B. Robertson, an English born engineer; John Martin; and William Smith. The company was operating from at least mid 1853 with an office in “Lambeth-place” on Flinders-lane west in central Melbourne, when they advertised for labourers, through a proclamation in the Government Gazette. In June they tendered for the construction of a steam gondola for the Cremorne Gardens a pleasure ground on the Yarra River in Richmond.
When the Melbourne and Hobson's Bay Railway Company began construction of the first steam-hauled railway line to operate in Australia, they ordered locomotives from the renowned British engineering firm of Robert Stephenson and Company. However, the ship was delayed, and so the railway looked to the firm that had previously constructed a small donkey engine for hauling supplies along the line during construction. The boiler was made by Langlands foundry and Robertson, Martin & Smith assembled it at a rented premises on the Maribyrnong River.
The locomotive was completed in just ten weeks and cost £2,700. Forming the first steam train to travel in Australia, a 2-2-2WT locomotive which first ran in trials on 9 September 1854, and then commenced regular trips on 12 September 1854.
The firm used the then vacant bluestone buildings of Joseph Raleigh's boiling down works on the Saltwater River (i.e. the Maribyrnong) near Footscray, to erect the locomotive. Raleigh had died in 1852, so it appears the buildings were not in use at the time.
The partnership was dissolved on 10 July 1855.
References
Defunct manufacturing companies of Australia
Manufacturing companies based in Melbourne
Companies established in 1853
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice%20Admiralty%20Court%20%28New%20South%20Wales%29
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Vice Admiralty Court (New South Wales)
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The Vice Admiralty Court was a prerogative court established in the late 18th century in the colony of New South Wales, which was to become a state of Australia. A vice admiralty court is in effect an admiralty court. The word "vice" in the name of the court denoted that the court represented the Lord Admiral of the United Kingdom. In English legal theory, the Lord Admiral, as vice-regal of the monarch, was the only person who had authority over matters relating to the sea. The Lord Admiral would authorize others as his deputies or surrogates to act. Generally, he would appoint a person as a judge to sit in the Court as his surrogate. By appointing Vice-Admirals in the colonies, and by constituting courts as Vice-Admiralty Courts, the terminology recognized that the existence and superiority of the "mother" court in the United Kingdom. Thus, the "vice" tag denoted that whilst it was a separate court, it was not equal to the "mother" court. In the case of the New South Wales court, a right of appeal lay back to the British Admiralty Court, which further reinforced this superiority. In all respects, the court was an Imperial court rather than a local Colonial court.
The function of an admiralty court initially in the 14th century was to deal with piracy and other offenses committed upon the high seas. This was a manifestation of England's claim over the sovereignty of the seas claimed by her. However, it did not take long for those early courts to seek to manifest control over all things to do with shipping, such as mercantile matters. This led to a running battle between the admiralty courts and the common law courts as to which court had jurisdiction over particular issues. At times King Richard II and King James I were induced to arbitrate a solution to these disputes. Admiralty courts were run under the Roman civil law of the time, whereas the common law courts were run under the common law procedures. Litigants would prefer the simplicity of the admiralty courts over the complexities of the common law courts.
Establishment
The court in New South Wales was established by letters patent dated 2 April 1787 issued by the reigning monarch of England, King George III. These letters authorized the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to constitute and appoint a Vice Admiral for the colony, as well as a Judge and any other officers needed for the court to function in the new colony that was soon to be established. The Admirals had authority to appoint vice-admirals and judges in any existing colony. However, as the colony of New South Wales was not yet established, the Admiralty obtained additional letters patent to ensure that there was no legal defect in the constitution of the court. Those further letters patent authorized the Admiralty to make appointments in the new colony.
On 30 April 1787, the High Court of Admiralty issued those letters patent which appointed the first Governor of New South Wales Arthur Phillip as Vice Admiral. Further letters patent were also issued to Robert Ross who was appointed as the first judge of the court. Their commissions gave them power to deal with all civil and maritime causes according to the maritime laws and customs which prevailed in what used to be called the High Court of Admiralty in the United Kingdom. At the time of establishment, this included commercial disputes involving ships, seamen's wages, collisions, and salvage. This is what is commonly called an Admiralty Court's "Instance Jurisdiction".
Whilst the British admiralty court had jurisdiction over criminal offenses committed upon the high seas, the jurisdiction of the court was rarely invoked. The civil law was well suited to dealing with commercial transactions. However, it could not cope adequately with criminal offenses. The court needed to rely upon the old Roman civil law to establish any breaches. Former Chief Justice Frederick Jordan noted that criminal cases often fell through because sailors weren't available to give evidence (whether by malice or design). A sentence of death could only not be imposed unless two witnesses could be produced. To deal with this problem, the British Parliament passed the Piracy Act 1698 (UK). This enabled the Crown to appoint seven commissioners to try offenses of piracy under that Act. Whilst that latter court was often called a vice-admiralty court, Australian legal historian John Bennett has shown that that court should not be confused with the present court. The latter court was legally distinct as it was constituted under a separate letters patent dated 12 May 1787 as the Court of Vice-Admiralty and it was constituted by commissioners rather than a judge.
The court sat as a Prize Court, although Bennett points out that there are no records of a prize commission being granted. The first sitting in Prize was in May 1799 when Captain Henry Waterhouse RN ordered the Spanish vessel Nostra Senora de Bethlehem condemned as a prize of war. Other Spanish vessels condemned during this time were the El Plumier, Euphemia and the Anna Josepha
In 1810 Judge Advocate Ellis Bent questioned the jurisdiction of the court to consider proceedings in prize. As a result, the Admiralty issued warrants and documents to Bent in June 1812 to authorize the court to consider prize, but subsequently revoked Bent's authority in October 1813. As a result, The Eringapatam was unable to be dealt with in New South Wales in 1814 when it was brought into port.
Work of the court before 1840
The first sitting of the court purported to be in 1798 when Governor Hunter convened the latter court to deal with charges of mutiny and attempted piracy. As Bennett has shown, whilst the court was convened as a vice-admiralty court, it was in fact the Court of Vice-Admiralty. No harm was done as the defendant was acquitted on the basis of insufficient evidence.
The majority of the work of the court was administrative in nature. Archive records from the court indicate that this related to the granting and revoking of letters of marque and the provision of sureties by masters or shipowners. After the death of Ellis Bent, deputy judge advocate of the colony and also judge of this court, his brother Jeffery Hart Bent, offered to serve as judge. Jeffery Bent was the judge of the Supreme Court of Civil Judicature. His offer was declined by Governor Hunter and he was never commissioned. However, when he left New South Wales after his appointment as judge of the Supreme Court was revoked, he took the Admiralty court seal entrusted to his brother Ellis with him back to the United Kingdom. Castles says that the removal of the seal was to cause litigants in the court to bitterly remember Bent. This was because that documents from the court could not be sealed until a new seal arrived from the United Kingdom, frustrating litigation in the court.
In 1823, the Third Charter of Justice created a new Supreme Court of New South Wales. That court was to be presided over by Chief Justice of New South Wales Francis Forbes. However, the British authorities did not transfer the admiralty jurisdiction of the vice admiralty court to that new court. Until 1911, this court and the new Supreme Court operated side by side. In some cases, both courts had concurrent jurisdiction, such as over criminal offenses committed upon the high seas. However, in practice, criminal cases were brought in the Supreme Court probably because of the difficulty in finding seven commissioners to sit. In practice, the senior judge of the Supreme Court was also appointed as a judge of the vice-admiralty court. This could cause problems as when the judge was unavailable through leave or absence, there was a belief that no other person who could perform the role. For example, in the case of the Almorah, the Attorney General of New South Wales Saxe Bannister thought that there was no actual admiralty court as Forbes did not hold an actual commission from the United Kingdom as a judge in Admiralty. Bannister advised that the case should be tried in Calcutta, India.
In 1841, the Admiralty in England decreed that the chief justice should be the judge in admiralty. This changed the previous practice of directing appointing a person to be judge. However, under Chief Justice Alfred Stephen, the vice-admiralty commission was given to Justice Samuel Milford instead. Milford regularly sat in the court at least one day a week. However, when Milford was appointed the Resident Judge at Moreton Bay (being the precursor of the Supreme Court of Queensland, Stephen offered to resign his commission as judge in vice-admiralty. The British authorities declined that request and advised that if Stephen was to resign his admiralty commission, by necessity, he would have to resign his commission as chief justice of the Supreme Court.
Work of the court after 1840
The jurisdiction of the British court of admiralty was extended in both 1840 and in 1861 by the Admiralty Court Acts of 1840 and 1861. That increase in jurisdiction did not flow down to the New South Wales court. The British Parliament passed the Vice Admiralty Courts Act 1863 (UK) to confirm the colonial jurisdiction of the courts as well as giving them jurisdiction over ships mortgages, disputes over ownership or possession of ships, employment, the earnings of any registered ship, claims for master's wages, towage and building or repairing ships. The Act provided for an appeal to the Privy Council and also allowed the judge of the court to appoint a registrar or marshal locally, rather than wait on an appointment from the United Kingdom. However, these changes did not make the court a local court, and the court was still an Imperial Court of the United Kingdom.
In 1868, the Victorian registered schooner Daphne chartered by Ross Lewin and skippered by John Daggett recruited islanders from the islands of Tanna, Erromango, Efate, Loyalty and Banks as indentured labour for employment on Queensland sugarcane fields. This was under Queensland's Polynesian Labourers Act. That Act required a ship to have a license to undertake that work. The license required the vessel to uphold certain minimum conditions as to the state and fitness of the vessel to carry labourers. The license for the Daphne was for a maximum of 58 labourers that could be conveyed to Queensland on each voyage.
At this some point during a second voyage to Queensland, it was decided to sail to the island of Fiji where the recruiters could obtain six pounds Sterling for each of the 108 islanders, rather than nine pounds Sterling for the 58 islanders which they were permitted to carry to Queensland. The licence was in Lewin's name but he remained on the island of Tanna. The Daphne sailed on to Levuka where it was intercepted by HMS Rosario on patrol from Sydney. The ship's captain George Palmer suspected that the Daphne was a slaver ship, detained it, and conveyed it to Sydney.
Palmer brought proceedings in the court to have the Daphne condemned under the British slave trade laws. An earlier magistrate's committal hearing for the crime of piracy was dismissed. The case was heard by Sir Alfred Stephen, who was the Chief Justice of New South Wales, and held the appointment of judge commissary in the Vice-Admiralty Court. Stephen dismissed the case on 24 September on the basis that the British Slave Trade Act 1839 did not apply to the South Pacific Ocean
1890
1890 saw the enactment of the Colonial Courts of Admiralty Act 1890 (Imp). That Act provided for the abolition of the Imperial Courts of Admiralty and replace them with local courts to be called Colonial Courts of Admiralty. It was widely considered unsatisfactory that the Imperial court should exist separately to the colonial courts, yet use the same facilities and personnel of the colonial courts. Every superior court not named in that Act would become a Colonial Court of Admiralty automatically. The Act commenced operation on 1 July 1891, but it did not apply to either this Court or the Victorian equivalent, as the Act named those courts as exclusions. This was apparently due to local concerns. The act was to fix the court's jurisdiction as at 1891. This Act was to remain the main source of jurisdiction for Australian Courts to act under for Admiralty work until the passing of the Admiralty Act 1988 (Cth).
In 1899 the court heard the case of the Glencairn. In this case, the Glencairn was being towed to Newcastle, New South Wales during a gale and heavy seas. The tugboat which was towing it lost its towline to the Glencairn. Another tugboat belonging to another owner rescued it and brought her in safely. The presiding judge awarded the owners £125 for the rescue, £100 to the master of the boat for his promptitude and skill, and £75 to the crew to be divided equally amongst them.
Appeals
There was a right of appeal to the High Court of Admiralty in England. This was in contrast to the earliest civil courts in New South Wales, being the Court of Civil Jurisdiction, the Governors Court and the Supreme Court of Civil Judicature. Each of those courts either had no right of appeal, or instead, had a right of appeal to the Governor sitting as a Court of Appeal.
Abolition
The court was abolished when the court's jurisdiction was finally given to the Supreme Court of New South Wales on 4 May 1911 through an order made by the British Privy Council. This order was made under the previous Colonial Courts of Admiralty Act 1890 (UK). From that time on, the Supreme Court was the Colonial Court of Admiralty and exercised the jurisdiction of that court.
See also
List of judges of the Vice Admiralty Court (New South Wales)
References
Sources
New South Wales State Archive Authority, State Archive Guide.
(1981) 12 Federal Law Review 241.
Former New South Wales courts and tribunals
New South Wales
1823 establishments in Australia
Courts and tribunals established in 1823
1911 disestablishments in Australia
Courts and tribunals disestablished in 1911
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithfield-Selma%20High%20School
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Smithfield-Selma High School
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Smithfield-Selma High School is a public high school located in Smithfield, North Carolina. It is locally referred to as simply "SSS" (pronounced 'Triple S'). The school is part of Johnston County Schools.
History
Smithfield-Selma High School opened its doors in September 1969 and graduated its first class in June 1970. The school opened with about 1400 students in grades 10 through 12. There were 34% black and 66% white. There were 75 faculty members and support staff, two assistant principals, two secretaries, and a bookkeeper.
The creation of the school proved to be particularly challenging due to the merging of six high schools. Two of the high schools had been only for black students, while four of the high schools had been predominantly white. The schools were: the Bulldogs of Richard B. Harrison, the Red Devils of Smithfield, the Hawks of Johnston Central, the Yellow Jackets of Selma, the Green Waves of Wilson's Mills, and the Pirates of Corinth Holder.
The school's first principal was Charles T. Tucker who brought order out of the chaos. He had new ideas, determination, a belief in people, confidence in the abilities of the youth, and a willingness to listen and understand even when he disagreed. The SSS Football Stadium is in his honor, named the Charles T. Tucker Stadium.
The school had a sound vocational program. It also had a first-class academic program. It has a rich tradition of athletics, with many conference and district championships. The AP program came into existence around 1975. In 1975 freshmen came to Smithfield-Selma and it was no longer a senior school. There were over 113 students enrolled in NJROTC and the Drill Team competed and won many championships. The Band program was the pride of the community and was later in the school's history led by local legend John R. "Doc" Windley.
Notable alumni
Barry Foote Major League Baseball catcher for the Montreal Expos, Chicago Cubs, Philadelphia Phillies and New York Yankees
References
External links
Smithfield-Selma High School web site
Educational institutions established in 1969
Public high schools in North Carolina
Schools in Johnston County, North Carolina
1969 establishments in North Carolina
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astropecten%20armatus
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Astropecten armatus
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Astropecten armatus, the spiny sand star or Estrella de Arena, is a sea star in the family Astropectinidae. It is found on sandy or gravelly areas in the East Pacific ranging from California (USA) to Ecuador.
Description
Astropecten armatus is a dorsally flattened starfish, which grows to a diameter of about . The disc is quite small and the five arms are slender and pointed, slightly turned up at the tips. The madreporite is very close to the edge of the disc. The central surface of both disc and arms is smooth. The arms have conspicuous marginal plates with a fringe of upward pointing spines and another of downward pointing ones. Further rows of spines line the ambulacral grooves. The tube feet are pointed and do not have suckers. The colour of the aboral (upper) surface is yellowish brown, dull pink or grey and the starfish blends in well with the colour of the substrate. The oral (under) surface is pale yellow or ivory.
Distribution and habitat
Astropecten armatus is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean on sandy or soft gravel seabeds, often semi-submerged in the sediment. Its range extends from San Pedro Bay in California (USA) to Ecuador. Off the western coast of Mexico, it is the most abundant starfish on suitable substrates, at all depths between .
Biology
Astropecten armatus is an agile starfish. It can "glide" across the surface of the sand with its mobile tube feet. If turned upside down it can right itself with a flip and if several are stacked on top of each other, they will quickly disperse. It is a predator and primarily feeds on the olive snail (Olivella biplicata). It can consume these at the rate of one each day but, when they are less plentiful, it will turn to other food sources and eat sand dollars and sea pansies (Renilla reniformis) and scavenge on dead fish.
References
External links
Astropecten
Animals described in 1840
Taxa named by John Edward Gray
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