document_id int64 75.4k 75.8k | context stringlengths 44 3.27k | question stringclasses 5
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75,667 | To confirm the improved energy density, a hybrid supercapacitor was fabricated based on a solid-state 400-KOH-Ti3C2 anode and an active catholyte containing Mn2+ in 2 M H2SO4 electrolyte. Before assembling the hybrid supercapacitor, the CF as a current collector was pretreated by electrochemical predeposition with 3 mA... | What's the anode? | 400-KOH-Ti3C2 | 847 |
75,707 | As seen from the surface morphology images of these three electrodes (Fig. 2 and S5†), they have their own characteristics and are all totally different from the original IF (Fig. S6†). As shown in Fig. 2a, there are abundant FeCO3 cubes (8–15 μm in edge length) on the surface of the FeCO3@IF electrode. The TEM images ... | What's the electrolyte? | 0 | |
75,710 | Herein, we fabricated two artificial SEIs on Na metal anodes via similar chemical replacement reactions between Na metal and SnCl4 liquid or SnCl2 additive dissolved in diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM). According to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth-profiling results, the SnCl4 liquid treatment leads t... | What's the anode? | Na metal | 45 |
75,710 | Herein, we fabricated two artificial SEIs on Na metal anodes via similar chemical replacement reactions between Na metal and SnCl4 liquid or SnCl2 additive dissolved in diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM). According to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth-profiling results, the SnCl4 liquid treatment leads t... | What's the electrolyte? | 0 | |
75,710 | Herein, we fabricated two artificial SEIs on Na metal anodes via similar chemical replacement reactions between Na metal and SnCl4 liquid or SnCl2 additive dissolved in diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM). According to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth-profiling results, the SnCl4 liquid treatment leads t... | What's the anode? | Na metal | 633 |
75,671 | In this work, we carry out classical reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for studying the initial formation of SEI films occurring by Li oxidation and simultaneous decomposition of electrolyte (salt and solvent) molecules in the liquid phase in contact with the Li-metal electrode. We use lithium hexafluorophos... | What's the anode? | Li-metal | 615 |
75,671 | In this work, we carry out classical reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for studying the initial formation of SEI films occurring by Li oxidation and simultaneous decomposition of electrolyte (salt and solvent) molecules in the liquid phase in contact with the Li-metal electrode. We use lithium hexafluorophos... | What's the electrolyte? | 0 | |
75,671 | In this work, we carry out classical reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for studying the initial formation of SEI films occurring by Li oxidation and simultaneous decomposition of electrolyte (salt and solvent) molecules in the liquid phase in contact with the Li-metal electrode. We use lithium hexafluorophos... | What's the anode? | Li-metal | 1,045 |
75,672 | Driven by the urgent demand for electrical energy storage in electric vehicles, rechargeable devices with high energy densities and long cycle life continue to attract great interest. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have attracted increasing attention over the past few decades owing to many merits, including high energy d... | What's the anode? | graphite | 714 |
75,672 | Driven by the urgent demand for electrical energy storage in electric vehicles, rechargeable devices with high energy densities and long cycle life continue to attract great interest. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have attracted increasing attention over the past few decades owing to many merits, including high energy d... | What's the electrolyte? | 0 | |
75,672 | Driven by the urgent demand for electrical energy storage in electric vehicles, rechargeable devices with high energy densities and long cycle life continue to attract great interest. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have attracted increasing attention over the past few decades owing to many merits, including high energy d... | What's the anode? | Si | 1,055 |
75,673 | All electrochemical measurements were carried out on a CHI 660E electrochemical workstation. The electrochemical properties of the prepared electrodes were tested using a three-electrode system in 1 M H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. A platinum plate and a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) served as the counter electrode and... | What's the electrolyte? | 1 M H2SO4 aqueous | 197 |
75,674 | Semiconducting polymers swell in typical organic solvents allowing ion penetration and high transconductance. However, for biosensing applications it is essential to operate in aqueous environments. Due to the non-polar nature of polymers, this limits their ability to swell and thus limits performance in aqueous media.... | What's the electrolyte? | 0 | |
75,679 | The anisotropic expansion of primary grains, especially at a high state of charge (SOC), results in microcracks in NCM-based secondary particles. The morphology changes of the LLO microspheres after 200 cycles at the cut-offs of 4.8 V and 4.5 V are studied by SEM in Fig. S3.† The LLO microspheres cycled at the cut-off ... | What's the electrolyte? | 0 | |
75,681 | Hybrid organic–inorganic crystals are unique materials that have been attracting increasing interest in the last few years due to their physical properties and potential applications in different fields, such as photovoltaics, lithium batteries, and photomechanic materials, between others. Among these applications, the... | What's the electrolyte? | 0 | |
75,684 | Similar to graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a unique 1D tubular structure and excellent electrical conductivity can also be introduced into electrospun CNFs in order to increase the electrochemical activity of the electrospun CNFs and influence their architecture. Growing CNTs on the surface of the electrospun CN... | What's the electrolyte? | 0 | |
75,691 | Garnet-structured oxide electrolytes (Li7La3Zr2O12, LLZO) have significant advantage of being chemically and electrochemically stable against Li metals and allow implementation in Li metal batteries. However, a short-circuit failure due to Li penetration through the LLZO electrolyte has remained a crucial issue for saf... | What's the electrolyte? | (Li7La3Zr2O12, LLZO) | 37 |
75,691 | Garnet-structured oxide electrolytes (Li7La3Zr2O12, LLZO) have significant advantage of being chemically and electrochemically stable against Li metals and allow implementation in Li metal batteries. However, a short-circuit failure due to Li penetration through the LLZO electrolyte has remained a crucial issue for saf... | What's the electrolyte? | LLZO (LLZTO) | 468 |
75,688 | Unique graphene-like metallic Co9S8 with a morphology comprised of interconnected porous nanosheets that form a 3D network has been successfully synthesized by Nazar's group through a microwave solvothermal approach based on the reaction of cobalt chloride and TAA in a mixed solvent of water and triethylenetetramine at... | What's the electrolyte? | 0 | |
75,692 | Electrochemical testing was performed in a 2032 coin-type cell using Na metal (Sigma Aldrich, USA) as the anode. Electrodes were fabricated by blending the prepared cathode powders (85 wt%), carbon black (10 wt%), and polyvinylidene fluoride (5 wt%) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (Daejung Chem, Korea). The slurry was then c... | What's the cathode? | 0 | |
75,692 | Electrochemical testing was performed in a 2032 coin-type cell using Na metal (Sigma Aldrich, USA) as the anode. Electrodes were fabricated by blending the prepared cathode powders (85 wt%), carbon black (10 wt%), and polyvinylidene fluoride (5 wt%) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (Daejung Chem, Korea). The slurry was then c... | What's the anode? | Na metal | 69 |
75,692 | Electrochemical testing was performed in a 2032 coin-type cell using Na metal (Sigma Aldrich, USA) as the anode. Electrodes were fabricated by blending the prepared cathode powders (85 wt%), carbon black (10 wt%), and polyvinylidene fluoride (5 wt%) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (Daejung Chem, Korea). The slurry was then c... | What's the electrolyte? | 0.5 M NaPF6 | 546 |
75,694 | Though oxygen anion redox processes remarkably boost the specific capacity of LLOs, they trigger some intractable issues, such as voltage/capacity fade, voltage hysteresis, low initial Coulombic efficiency, and inferior rate capability. It has been demonstrated that the voltage hysteresis is caused by the poor kinetics... | What's the electrolyte? | 0 | |
75,698 | For further confirmation of the above electrochemical reaction mechanism, the HRTEM images of the discharged/charged electrodes were recorded. The ex situ images (ESI Fig. S8†) clearly showed the presence of the lattice fringes related to the β-MnS phase, thereby confirming the mechanism proposed in the present study. ... | What's the electrolyte? | 0 | |
75,699 | In addition to the room-temperature performance investigation, we also explored the possibility of operating the hybrid supercapacitor at low temperatures. Our previous research studies have demonstrated that rechargeable batteries using H3O+ ions as charge carriers can operate even at a low temperature of −70 °C. Ther... | What's the electrolyte? | 0 | |
75,732 | Herein, a Li/LiV2(PO4)3 primary battery was proposed and studied for the first time. The unique NASICON structure of monoclinic LiV2(PO4)3 facilitated Li+ diffusion, ensuring superior rate capability and low-temperature performance of the battery. However, the short shelf life of the Li/LiV2(PO4)3 primary batteries hin... | What's the cathode? | LiV2(PO4)3 | 995 |
75,732 | Herein, a Li/LiV2(PO4)3 primary battery was proposed and studied for the first time. The unique NASICON structure of monoclinic LiV2(PO4)3 facilitated Li+ diffusion, ensuring superior rate capability and low-temperature performance of the battery. However, the short shelf life of the Li/LiV2(PO4)3 primary batteries hin... | What's the electrolyte? | 0 | |
75,732 | Herein, a Li/LiV2(PO4)3 primary battery was proposed and studied for the first time. The unique NASICON structure of monoclinic LiV2(PO4)3 facilitated Li+ diffusion, ensuring superior rate capability and low-temperature performance of the battery. However, the short shelf life of the Li/LiV2(PO4)3 primary batteries hin... | What's the cathode? | LiV2(PO4)3 | 1,190 |
75,743 | The morphologies of NF, MoP/NF, NiCo-LDH/NF, and MoP@NiCo-LDH/NF-20 were also characterized by SEM (Fig. 3a, b and S2†). It can be seen that the folded lamellar structure is uniformly grown on and aggregated into a tremella shape on the smooth surface of NF, which can promote the increase in both specific surface area ... | What's the electrolyte? | 0 | |
75,714 | According to the SEM images in Fig. 4c and S16,† the basic skeleton of FeCO3@IF after OER remains almost the same compared with the electrode before OER. However, the FeCO3 cubes are covered with lots of nanosheets, which grow vertically on the cubes and are connected to each other. According to Fig. S17,† it is easy t... | What's the electrolyte? | 0 | |
75,726 | The use of Mg-alloyable metallic anodes is another promising approach to enhancing the viability of MIBs. This is mainly because the Mg alloying/dealloying process occurs slightly above the Mg plating/stripping potentials, and the surface passivation problems of Mg in conventional electrolytes is expected to be allevia... | What's the anode? | Bi | 623 |
75,726 | The use of Mg-alloyable metallic anodes is another promising approach to enhancing the viability of MIBs. This is mainly because the Mg alloying/dealloying process occurs slightly above the Mg plating/stripping potentials, and the surface passivation problems of Mg in conventional electrolytes is expected to be allevia... | What's the electrolyte? | Mg(N(SO2CF3)2)2/acetonitrile | 503 |
75,726 | The use of Mg-alloyable metallic anodes is another promising approach to enhancing the viability of MIBs. This is mainly because the Mg alloying/dealloying process occurs slightly above the Mg plating/stripping potentials, and the surface passivation problems of Mg in conventional electrolytes is expected to be allevia... | What's the anode? | Mg-alloyable Sn | 710 |
75,726 | The use of Mg-alloyable metallic anodes is another promising approach to enhancing the viability of MIBs. This is mainly because the Mg alloying/dealloying process occurs slightly above the Mg plating/stripping potentials, and the surface passivation problems of Mg in conventional electrolytes is expected to be allevia... | What's the electrolyte? | Mg(N(SO2CF3)2)2/diglyme | 549 |
75,715 | The plating and stripping behaviors of the LiF@Po–Li electrodes are observed by SEM after the Li deposition of 1 mA h cm−2 at a current density of 0.5 mA cm−2 with an EC/DEC:3/7, 1.3 M LiPF6, and 5 wt% FEC electrolyte (Fig. 3). All the electrochemical experiments are performed with carbonate-based electrolytes. It has ... | What's the cathode? | 0 | |
75,715 | The plating and stripping behaviors of the LiF@Po–Li electrodes are observed by SEM after the Li deposition of 1 mA h cm−2 at a current density of 0.5 mA cm−2 with an EC/DEC:3/7, 1.3 M LiPF6, and 5 wt% FEC electrolyte (Fig. 3). All the electrochemical experiments are performed with carbonate-based electrolytes. It has ... | What's the electrolyte? | 5 wt% FEC | 195 |
75,715 | The plating and stripping behaviors of the LiF@Po–Li electrodes are observed by SEM after the Li deposition of 1 mA h cm−2 at a current density of 0.5 mA cm−2 with an EC/DEC:3/7, 1.3 M LiPF6, and 5 wt% FEC electrolyte (Fig. 3). All the electrochemical experiments are performed with carbonate-based electrolytes. It has ... | What's the electrolyte? | carbonate-based | 283 |
75,716 | Supercapacitors are a class of energy storage devices found commonly in hybrid electric vehicles, camera components and used as backup power systems. One class of supercapacitors, called electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs), are a popular option for commercial applications. In EDLCs, electrolyte ions are adsorbed o... | What's the electrolyte? | 0 | |
75,717 | For electrochemical activation of the CRLE two electrodes were placed in a beaker in a distance of approximately 10 cm. A reference electrode (Ag/AgCl 3 M KCl) was placed in close proximity to the electrode to be activated. The second CRLE served as inert counter electrode. In screening experiments different activation... | What's the electrolyte? | 0.1 M NaOH | 392 |
75,718 | The listed physical parameters are essential for designing a new generation of electronic devices with significantly improved sensitivity and time response. For instance, the high piezoelectric activity of near room temperature ferroelectrics Sn2P2S6, whose Tc ≈ 337 K, can compete with well-known BiFeO3, currently one ... | What's the electrolyte? | CuInP2S6 | 999 |
75,720 | 7Li magic-angle spinning (MAS) ssNMR spectroscopy was performed to trace the local environment of Li. Fig. 2d and S4a† shows the 7Li projection magic-angle turning and phase-adjusted sideband separation (pjMATPASS) spectra for the pristine, two-cycled and treated LMO. The pristine LMO showed two isotropic peaks resulti... | What's the electrolyte? | 0 | |
75,728 | For the half-cell tests, the electrochemical properties were evaluated using a CR2032 corn-type cell. The cells were prepared in an Ar-filled glove box with H2O and O2 concentrations <0.1 ppm. Si@CTSC, Si@ALGC, Si@PVDFC and Si/PVDF were used as the anodes (diameter: 14 mm), and Li metal foil was used as the counter ele... | What's the anode? | Si@CTSC, Si@ALGC, Si@PVDFC and Si/PVDF | 193 |
75,728 | For the half-cell tests, the electrochemical properties were evaluated using a CR2032 corn-type cell. The cells were prepared in an Ar-filled glove box with H2O and O2 concentrations <0.1 ppm. Si@CTSC, Si@ALGC, Si@PVDFC and Si/PVDF were used as the anodes (diameter: 14 mm), and Li metal foil was used as the counter ele... | What's the electrolyte? | 1 M LiPF6 | 454 |
75,729 | Ti3C2Tx-based materials have been widely reported as anode materials for supercapacitors and hybrid supercapacitors with the acid electrolyte. Here, the modified Ti3C2Tx MXene (400-KOH-Ti3C2) samples were synthesized based on a previous report. The XRD pattern (Fig. 1a and S1†) reveals that the diffraction peaks of 400... | What's the anode? | Ti3C2Tx-based materials | 0 |
75,735 | The M2+–Fe LDHs (M = Ni, Zn) nanosheets were prepared using a facile electrosynthesis method. Typically, nickel foam (NF, 10 × 30 × 0.05 mm3) was sonicated in 2 M HCl solution for 15 min and subsequently rinsed with water and ethanol to ensure a clean surface. The electrodeposition was carried out in a standard three-e... | What's the electrolyte? | Ni(NO3)2·6H2O (0.03 M) and Fe(NO3)3·9H2O (0.01 M) | 528 |
75,738 | EELS spectra are obtained from the thin edge of cycled LLOs as labelled by the orange lines in Fig. 4(a and d) to study oxygen vacancies and TM valence states. Detailed comparisons of O-K, Ni-L, Co-L and Mn-L spectra are presented in Fig. 4(g–j) and S7.† For O-K edges, the intensity of the prepeak (∼530 eV) is sensitiv... | What's the electrolyte? | 0 | |
75,740 | For the first cycle in LP30 a more apparent “pitting” peak is observed that occurs at an earlier time compared to LP30 + FEC (occurring at ∼78% and ∼92% capacity, respectively for 0.5 mA cm−2). Other studies have suggested that this is due to inhomogeneous dissolution of the lithium whiskers that result in dead Li form... | What's the electrolyte? | LP30 + FEC | 843 |
75,745 | (2) A Ti metal precursor is anodized in an alkali electrolyte (e.g. NaOH and Ba(OH)2 solutions). The alkaline anodization (Fig. 6B) could be considered an electro-assisted hydrothermal-like process with 2 stages where TiO2·2H2O anodized from the titanium anode reacts with the hot alkaline surroundings generated by a co... | What's the anode? | titanium | 245 |
75,745 | (2) A Ti metal precursor is anodized in an alkali electrolyte (e.g. NaOH and Ba(OH)2 solutions). The alkaline anodization (Fig. 6B) could be considered an electro-assisted hydrothermal-like process with 2 stages where TiO2·2H2O anodized from the titanium anode reacts with the hot alkaline surroundings generated by a co... | What's the electrolyte? | alkali | 43 |
75,745 | (2) A Ti metal precursor is anodized in an alkali electrolyte (e.g. NaOH and Ba(OH)2 solutions). The alkaline anodization (Fig. 6B) could be considered an electro-assisted hydrothermal-like process with 2 stages where TiO2·2H2O anodized from the titanium anode reacts with the hot alkaline surroundings generated by a co... | What's the anode? | titanium | 542 |
75,745 | (2) A Ti metal precursor is anodized in an alkali electrolyte (e.g. NaOH and Ba(OH)2 solutions). The alkaline anodization (Fig. 6B) could be considered an electro-assisted hydrothermal-like process with 2 stages where TiO2·2H2O anodized from the titanium anode reacts with the hot alkaline surroundings generated by a co... | What's the electrolyte? | (e.g. NaOH and Ba(OH)2 solutions) | 62 |
75,746 | According to the simulation, the number of moles per surface area formed in the two electrolytes, NSEI (Fig. S17a†) is also greater for the LP30 + FEC electrolyte, indicating a thicker SEI is being formed. We have estimated the thickness of the SEI by using eqn (13) and assuming it to be pure Li2CO3 so as to provide a ... | What's the electrolyte? | LP30 + FEC | 140 |
75,747 | Next, the annealed WO3−x film was assembled into an electrochromic device to test its functionality. The device structure is shown in Fig. 3a, in which the FTO glass is used as the transparent electrode. The electrolyte with 1.25 M LiClO4 in a mixed solvent was used in the electrochromic device to achieve the insertion... | What's the electrolyte? | 1.25 M LiClO4 | 225 |
75,748 | Intermetallic Mg2Sn alloyed with extra Mg was presented as a new high-performance anode for MIBs. The 3Mg/Mg2Sn was composed of c-Mg, a-Mg, and Mg2Sn, and showed excellent electrochemical performance when cycled in Mg(HMDS)2:MgCl2/THF. During the 1st de-magnesiation, 3Mg/Mg2Sn first dissolved Mg2+ from c-Mg, which was ... | What's the cathode? | Mo6S8 | 1,230 |
75,748 | Intermetallic Mg2Sn alloyed with extra Mg was presented as a new high-performance anode for MIBs. The 3Mg/Mg2Sn was composed of c-Mg, a-Mg, and Mg2Sn, and showed excellent electrochemical performance when cycled in Mg(HMDS)2:MgCl2/THF. During the 1st de-magnesiation, 3Mg/Mg2Sn first dissolved Mg2+ from c-Mg, which was ... | What's the anode? | 3Mg/Mg2Sn | 701 |
75,748 | Intermetallic Mg2Sn alloyed with extra Mg was presented as a new high-performance anode for MIBs. The 3Mg/Mg2Sn was composed of c-Mg, a-Mg, and Mg2Sn, and showed excellent electrochemical performance when cycled in Mg(HMDS)2:MgCl2/THF. During the 1st de-magnesiation, 3Mg/Mg2Sn first dissolved Mg2+ from c-Mg, which was ... | What's the electrolyte? | Mg(TFSI)2:MgCl2/diglyme and Mg(TFSI)2/acetonitrile | 962 |
75,750 | A button-sized hybrid electrolyte cell (Fig. S4†), in which an ionic liquid-infiltrated NCM with a LLZTO electrolyte and a 20 μm–thick Li metal were respectively used as a cathode and a Li metal anode, was fabricated to check out the improvement of the electrochemical performance after laser-annealing treatment. For co... | What's the cathode? | NCM | 88 |
75,750 | A button-sized hybrid electrolyte cell (Fig. S4†), in which an ionic liquid-infiltrated NCM with a LLZTO electrolyte and a 20 μm–thick Li metal were respectively used as a cathode and a Li metal anode, was fabricated to check out the improvement of the electrochemical performance after laser-annealing treatment. For co... | What's the anode? | Li metal | 185 |
75,750 | A button-sized hybrid electrolyte cell (Fig. S4†), in which an ionic liquid-infiltrated NCM with a LLZTO electrolyte and a 20 μm–thick Li metal were respectively used as a cathode and a Li metal anode, was fabricated to check out the improvement of the electrochemical performance after laser-annealing treatment. For co... | What's the electrolyte? | LLZTO | 99 |
75,750 | A button-sized hybrid electrolyte cell (Fig. S4†), in which an ionic liquid-infiltrated NCM with a LLZTO electrolyte and a 20 μm–thick Li metal were respectively used as a cathode and a Li metal anode, was fabricated to check out the improvement of the electrochemical performance after laser-annealing treatment. For co... | What's the cathode? | 0 | |
75,751 | Prior to its integration with the electrodes, various properties of the LLZO SE such as the microstructure, crystalline phase and ionic conductivity were characterized. To improve the Li ion conductivity in the parent LLZO structures, Nb5+ was doped at the Zr4+ sites to create Li+ vacancies, and Ba2+ was doped at the L... | What's the electrolyte? | 0 | |
75,754 | Bulk electrolysis was conducted to test the performance of CRLEs under conditions of electrochemical turnover. A series of charge/discharge experiments was performed for the negative and the positive electrolyte separately. The coulombic efficiency (CE) was calculated from photometric and coulometric data according to ... | What's the electrolyte? | 0 |
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