Fully Authentic Visual Question Answering Dataset from Online Communities
Paper • 2311.15562 • Published
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image stringlengths 22 22 | question stringlengths 15 145 | context stringlengths 32 8.73k | answer stringlengths 49 12.2k | topic stringclasses 95
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VQAonline_00000001.png | What are the 25th-75th percentile ranges for the annual income for graduate students in the United States? | And are there differences in average income between different types of fields, or different types of schools?
The diagram below says that the average income for grad students is $17k/year. But I'm more commonly seeing incomes in the range of $25k-$30k/year on PhysicsGRE.com...
| Note that those statistics are often averaged over all possible disciplines, and therefore, since there is such a wide disparity of stipend levels between different schools, and between different disciplines at the same school.
At the institution I attended for graduate school, engineers had stipends approximately 30%... | academia | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/684 |
VQAonline_00000111.png | How to improve quality of figures after reviewers have mentioned it? | The paper we are working on was accepted and we got a comment saying "Quality of Figures could be improved".
All the figures that are given have been exported from matplotlib and have all the standard labels with different color schemes and have attached the sample as well.
So what do I do? make it more pretty? or use... | The illustration you provide seems like a standard plot that can be seen in most journals. That said, it can certainly be improved; many journals do not seem to care what they publish. What is acceptable also varies from person to person. There are however some standards that should be followed and your figure fall sho... | academia | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/184099 |
VQAonline_00000078.png | What does the envelope sign after the author name mean? | I'm in the process of writing a paper for an upcoming conference. The conference provides a LaTeX template which can be found here: Information for Authors of Springer Computer Science Proceedings.
Looking at the proceedings of the previous years I noticed a little envelope after the name of the first authors.
However... | With Springer journals, the envelope simply indicates that they are the nominated corresponding author for the paper.
Sources: this forum topic and a Springer 'Instructions to Authors' PDF.
| academia | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/115668 |
VQAonline_00000032.png | Can you abbreviate the title of the Proceeedings of the IEEE? | I found this on Page 34 of IEEE EDITORIAL STYLE MANUAL, it's about how to edit the reference. I don't understand the following sentence:
NOTE: The only exception to this rule is PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, which never carried an acronym on the masthead
Does it mean when cite a paper from PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, do not... | The part you quote does not refer to the name of the Journal but to the vol. ##, no. ## section of the citation and is applicable to those earlier than 1988.
So the 1981 citation would be
IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr., vol. AC-26, no.1, pp. 1–34, Jan. 1981.
while a citation from the same journal past 1988 would be
I... | academia | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/38514 |
VQAonline_00000062.png | Should grading take all students' performance into account? | This question is partially related to this question.
By trying to understand which one is the correct way to grade an exam I came out with this doubt. Should each exam be considered as independent or should a mark be assigned based on the other students' performance.
As an example
if all the students final exams are f... | If the goal is to help students learn, then you should grade against an absolute standard (often called a rubric), and you should not grade by comparing students to each other. Experimentally, it has been found that if students believe their grades are under their own control, they will learn more. If students believ... | academia | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/86301 |
VQAonline_00000002.png | Contribution of gifts and hospital services to university revenue | This question is based on the pie-charts shown in this link, such as this one for the University of Michigan.
In most of these charts, around 5% of the revenue comes from gifts. What are these exactly?
How do hospitals and clinical services play such a critical role for the revenue?
| Gifts are donations, typically from former students but they could come from anyone. That's just how higher education works in the US, and the tradition of making these donations is a big factor in how some US universities have become very wealthy (some of the donations are spent each year, but many are added to the e... | academia | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/1660 |
VQAonline_00000109.png | A small part of my transcript is hard to read; can I get into trouble? | My university does not provide official transcripts in English, so I sent mine to a certified translator for translation. There is a footer on each page in Persian, and unfortunately, on one page, this footer covers the cumulative GPA and total passed credits of a summer semester; it is not unreadable but hard to read.... | Apply with this transcript and to be on the safe side make sure you mention your grades (especially the parts that are hard to read) somewhere else where they are easy to read. In this case, someone who wants to 'confirm' your declaration can 'easily' (or with a little effort) check with the image you showed.
Perhaps a... | academia | https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/178719 |
VQAonline_00000240.png | How exactly is $Pr(s \rightarrow x, k, \pi)$ deduced by "unrolling", in the proof of the policy gradient theorem? | In the proof of the policy gradient theorem in the RL book of Sutton and Barto (that I shamelessly paste here):
there is the "unrolling" step that is supposed to be immediately clear
With just elementary calculus and re-arranging of terms
Well, it's not. :) Can someone explain this step in more detail?
How exactly i... | The unrolling step is due to the fact you end up with an equation that you can keep expanding indefinitely.
Note that we start with calculating $\nabla v_\pi(s)$ and arrive at
$$\nabla v_\pi(s) = \sum_a\left[ \nabla \pi(a|s) q_\pi(s,a) + \pi(a|s) \sum_{s'}p(s'|s,a) \nabla v_\pi (s') \right]\;,$$
which contains a term f... | ai | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/22094 |
VQAonline_00000228.png | How can reinforcement learning be unsupervised learning if it uses deep learning? | I was watching a video in my online course where I'm learning about A.I. I am a very beginner in it.
At one point in the course, the instructor says that reinforcement learning (RL) needs a deep learning model (NN) to perform an action. But for that, we need expected results in our model for the NN to learn how to pre... | Supervised learning
The supervised learning (SL) problem is formulated as follows.
You are given a dataset $\mathcal{D} = \{(x_i, y_i)_{i=1}^N$, which is assumed to be drawn i.i.d. from an unknown joint probability distribution $p(x, y)$, where $x_i$ represents the $i$th input and $y_i$ is the corresponding label. You... | ai | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/20891 |
VQAonline_00000199.png | On-policy state distribution for episodic tasks on Sutton & Barto, page 199 | In Sutton & Barto's "Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction", 2nd edition, page 199, they describe the on-policy distribution for episodic tasks in the following box:
I don't understand how this can be done without taking the length of the episode into account. Suppose a task has 10 states, has probability 1 of start... | Let's first assume that there is only one action so that $\pi(a|s) = 1$ for every state - action pair which simplifies the discussion.
Now let's consider a case with 100 time steps, 10 states and uniform distribution for starting state $s_0$ with $h(s_0) = 1$. The result would be
\begin{align}
\eta(s_0) &= 1 + \sum_{i ... | ai | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/16616 |
VQAonline_00000121.png | What is the variant of the minimax tree with 3 types of nodes called? | I have a task on my class to find all the nodes, calculate their values and choose the best way for the player on the given game graph:
Everything is fine, but I have no idea what these dots are. Is this a third player, or just a 'split' for player1 move? Some kind of heuristics?
| The triangles pointing up are Max' nodes. We assume it starts. Then follows a random choice of moves at the circles, for instance, with a die. The triangles pointing down are from Min. This variant is called Expectiminimax, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expectiminimax_tree.
At that circles you have to multiply the ... | ai | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/2760 |
VQAonline_00000119.png | Understanding the perceptron algorithm in the book "A Course in Machine Learning" | The following text is from Hal Daumé III's "A Course in Machine Learning" online text book (Page-41).
I understand that $D$ is the size of the input vector $x$.
What is $y$? Why is it introduced in the algorithm? How/where/when is the initial value of $y$ given?
What is the rationale of testing $ya \leq 0$ for updat... | Y is the desired output of the perceptron (often referred to as target) , for the given set of input vectors.
Rationale behind Y.a<=0 :
Prerequisite knowledge :
A=A-B : Moves vector A away from direction of vector B
A=A+B : Moves A in the direction of B
A (.) B >0 ; A vector is directed acutely (<90 deg.) towards B ve... | ai | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/2545 |
VQAonline_00000195.png | What does the notation $[m]=\{1, \ldots, m\}$ mean in the equation of the empirical error? | The empirical error equation given in the book Understanding Machine Learning: From Theory to Algorithms is
My intuition for this equation is: total wrong predictions divided by the total number of samples $m$ in the given sample set $S$ (Correct me if I'm wrong). But, in this equation, the $m$ takes $\{ 1, \dots, m ... | This is a commonly used notation in theoretical computer science.
$[m]$ is not the variable $m$, but is instead the set of integers from $1$ to $m$ inclusive. The empirical error equation thus reads in English:
The cardinality of a set consisting of the elements $i$ of the set of integers $[m]$ such that the hypothesis... | ai | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/15852 |
VQAonline_00000187.png | Why does GLIE+MC Control Algorithm use a single episode of Monte Carlo evaluation? | GLIE+MC control Algorithm:
My question is why does this algorithm use only a single Monte Carlo episode (during PE step) to compute the $Q(s,a)$? In my understanding this has the following drawbacks:
If we have multiple terminal states then we will only reach one (per Policy Iteration step PE+PI).
It is highly unlike... | I feel the general answer is that we want to be as efficient as possible in learning from experience.
Policy improvement here always produces an equivalent or better policy, so delaying the improvement step to gather more episodes will only slow down learning.
I would note too that often a different kind of Monte Carl... | ai | https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/13307 |
VQAonline_00000639.png | What's the coordinate ability? | I'm on chapter 57 on Attack on Titan, and a "coordinate ability" keeps getting mentioned -- here by Hanji, but also earlier by either Bertholdt or Reiner (who apparently didn't want it to fall into the wrong hands). But what exactly is this coordinate ability?
I skipped a lot of the chapters up to 34 because they were ... | Titans can have different types of abilities, like shifting back to human form (aka Titan Shifters), or putting armor on themselves (eg: Armored Titan, Annie hiding the back of her neck, ...). The third ability that was shown, was that of the Coordinate.
The Coordinate ability is basically the ability to control Titans... | anime | https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/21157 |
VQAonline_00000887.png | What does the word "jiken" on young Luffy's shirt mean in Japanese? | In One Piece manga, young Luffy wears a shirt containing the word "jiken".
What does "jiken" mean in Japanese?
| In this context, jiken (事件) means "incident" or "case".
The full picture indicates tamago jiken which literally means "the egg incident" where a chick is killed due to the egg getting cracked.
There might not be any deeper meaning considering Oda's nature of humor.
| anime | https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/57122 |
VQAonline_00000818.png | Exactly what is Aizawa-sensei's quirk? | In My Hero Academia, chapter 6:
Midoriya throws the ball, and Aizawa erases his Quirk, making him fail a first time.
During this time, he grabs the student with his scarf, while not touching it. The drawn version is ambiguous, but the anime version is clear about that statement.
How so ? His quirk is only quirk eras... | Aizawa-sensei's quirk is Erasure:
Shota's Quirk gives him the ability to nullify anyone's Quirk by looking at them.
The cloth like material is not a quirk nor is it quirk controlled. It is called the Capturing Weapon:
The Capturing Weapon is a cloth-like equipment made from carbon fibers and a special metal alloy. S... | anime | https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/43598 |
VQAonline_00000826.png | What's the song when Mikasa talks to her squad leader while on the mission helping Eren to seal the wall with a rock in episode 12? | On season 1 episode 12, there's a song when Mikasa talks to her squad leader while on a mission helping Eren to seal the wall with a rock, as shown on the following picture.
What's that song?
| It’s Vogel im Kafig. It’s on the OST or you can find it on YouTube here: https://youtu.be/M2LdF1RlSL0.
| anime | https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/44909 |
VQAonline_00000533.png | Why is Ulquiorra the only Espada with a second release? | In Bleach Ulquiorra is the only Espada with a second release, and he admits he has not shown Aizen. So I have come to a few questions:
Why would he not show Aizen how powerful he is?
Why is he the only Espada with a second release?
If Aizen knew about his second release, where would he be in the Espada rankings?
| Answer to first question:
A. Just in case.
Ulquiorra’s a pretty careful guy. He likes to make plans. And stick to them. So it’s possible that he hides his second release just because he knows that it’s good to have an ace in the hole, just in case he ever needs it. Not that he’s planning to use it for any nefarious pu... | anime | https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/8836 |
VQAonline_00000579.png | Is this girl really from Bleach? | On some sites which have ads I've been seeing the following image
possibly NSFW if you look hard enough
Now I've only seen up to episode 130 and I've never seen her before. However she kind of looks like Lighting (AKA Clare Farron) from Final Fantasy XIII.
I am wondering: is this girl really from Bleach? If so when... | This isn't a Bleach character. This is, as you guessed, Lightning from Final Fantasy XIII, at least according to this page on TheAnimeGallery.
| anime | https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/13821 |
VQAonline_00000580.png | Why do Aya and Youko consider going to a ramen shop alone so amazing? | Consider the following page from Kiniro Mosaic.
Some context, in case you don't know the series: The three girls are in high school. Karen is the blonde, Aya is the girl with black twin-tails, and Youko is the girl with short light hair. Karen is half-British, has never lived in Japan before, and still has some troubl... | Shall I assume that these characters are in high school or younger? In that case, yes, it not so common for high schoolers to hang out at a ramen restaurant compared to a fast food place like McDonald's or a family restaurant like Jonythan's where they can stay for a long time using the drink bar (all-you-can-drink sof... | anime | https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/13828 |
VQAonline_00001103.png | How is interstellar gas density mapped from GAIA data? | I found the image below in Space.com's article This 3D Color Map of 1.7 Billion Stars in the Milky Way Is the Best Ever Made.
The caption for this image reads:
The Gaia spacecraft gathered observations for this all-sky view of the Milky Way and neighboring galaxies between July 2014 and May 2016, releasing the data on... | Two techniques immediately spring to mind.
For the stars you detect, you can compare their colours and luminosities (Gaia provides photometric colours and distances) with what you expect for a star of that type at that distance. The difference between what you expect and what you observe tells you the reddening and ext... | astronomy | https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/26057 |
VQAonline_00001302.png | What is the thickness of the Solar System disk? | What is the thickness in AU of the all planets' orbital plane height combined in the Solar System?
Excluding Pluto.
Looking for h
| The thickness of the planetary disc is dominated by Neptune, due to its large orbital radius.
We can calculate a planet's maximum distance from the ecliptic $h$ from the inclination angle of its orbit $\theta$ and its aphelion distance $r$. We get a right triangle, with $r$ as the hypotenuse, so
$$h = r\sin\theta$$
The... | astronomy | https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/41927 |
VQAonline_00001126.png | What are these objects near Mirach | Night sky objects always interested me, nowadays Im trying to observe and photograph some of these objects. My phone is iPhone 6S, i used SkyGuide app to find positions, NightCap to photograph. Im sure brightest star is Mirach according to SkyGuide app.
It's photographed at 00:30 at my local time (Istanbul, London + 3... | If this is really Mirach, then I would say the point-like object above and a little to the left of it is the star mu And (another designation: 37 And) in the same constellation of Andromeda. Then the next point-like object slightly further above and to the left from mu And would be the star nu And (35 And). And a barel... | astronomy | https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/27399 |
VQAonline_00001366.png | Camera settings for Astrophotography | I own an Orion 10015 StarBlast 4.5 Astro Reflector Telescope and I recently bought a Lumix G7 camera then I bought the adapter needed to attach the camera to the telescope.
I tested it today at morning while it was still dark and for some reason I cannot focus the things I am seeing through the camera attached to the t... | The Celestron adapter you are using is designed for telescopes having focal length greater than 650mm or "slow" telescopes, or to be more specific, you will have greater travel of the knob to achieve focus which suits this kind of barlow but your telescope is of 450mm or "fast", which is the opposite of the latter. So ... | astronomy | https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/49006 |
VQAonline_00001062.png | What are these dark spots on Mars' north pole? | I was exploring Mars in Google maps and I found these dark spots, like tree shadows on the north pole. I don't have any idea what they might be.
View this in Google maps.
| They look similar to the "dark dune spots" of the southern hemisphere, associated with accumulation of melting liquid at the bottom of dunes during warming seasons: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geyser_(Mars)
| astronomy | https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/21324 |
VQAonline_00000927.png | Why does Jupiter have so many moons? | Jupiter has a great many moons - in the hundreds, and they're still being discovered.
What is the current theory for where all these moons came from? Are they rocks flying through space captured by Jupiter's gravity?
| Mass.
The more massive a body, the larger the gap between its lowest and highest orbit; the range of speeds at which a random body entering its gravity is likely to remain as its satellite. Sun has millions of satellites if you count all the asteroids; smaller planets tend to have one or two moons at most (Pluto with f... | astronomy | https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/321 |
VQAonline_00001214.png | Are Tharsis Montes and Hellas Basin a result of the same event? | Looking at Mars map:
the highest, biggest mountains and their associated highlands are essentially antipodes of the deepest, huge basin. Roughly 180 degrees away, similar latitude except opposite sides of equator... this immediately brings to mind the idea that an asteroid impacted the area of Hellas Basin, and the sh... |
Are Tharsis Montes and Hellas Basin a result of the same event?
You were not the first to have seen that the Hellas Basin and parts of the Tharsis Rise are roughly antipodal (Peterson 1978, Williams and Greeley 1994). The Tharsis Montes themselves are far too close to the equator to be considered antipodal to the Hel... | astronomy | https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/34749 |
VQAonline_00002230.png | Why are the engines of the Airbus A400M slightly tilted down? |
Picture: Youtube.
Firstly, are the engines really tilted down? I have tried to check another picture over the net, seems they are really tilted down slightly. But need confirmation from you experts, however.
Second, if it is true, what is the reason?
| Just about all propeller driven airplanes big and small have the engine thrust line canted down a couple degrees from the wing chord line (not necessarily the longitudinal axis - that depends on the wing incidence), roughly equal to the cruising AOA, so that the thrust line is aligned a little closer to the free stream... | aviation | https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/69935 |
VQAonline_00002076.png | How do you know the maximum load a control surface can withstand? |
source
This is a separate strength testing (load testing) of the elevator of an airplane, how was the load determined? How did the engineers determine the maximum elevator load?
| Elevator loads are the function of the design and flight envelope. Looks like a small plane, so look up for example CS-VA 391 (or the correct national code for your category) how to calculate the loads. Base air force distribution on the horizontal tail can usually be assumed to be triangular, and increment from contro... | aviation | https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/55663 |
VQAonline_00002111.png | What are these "pimples" on the jet engine for? | When looking into the General Electric CJ 805-23B jet engine, I have discovered that all forward section of the compressor is covered by a number of near identically looking "pimples". What are these tiny devices for, what are they doing? And why only front section of the compressor has them?
| They are the roots of the variable stator vanes that control the direction of the airstream as it enters each compressor stage to manage and optimize the angle of attack of the compressor blades in each stage. The vanes are connected to the ring shaped gang bar and somewhere around the circumference there is an hydrau... | aviation | https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/57923 |
VQAonline_00002492.png | Why is FAA Aircraft Certification Service department named as AIR? | The acronym AIR doesn't match with the functional name "Aircraft Certification Service"
"AIR (the Aircraft Certification Service) is the department within the FAA that develops and administers safety standards for aircraft and related products that are manufactured in the United States or are used by operators of aircr... | Because it's not an acronym. It's an administrative designation code for the office. While many are acronyms, others are not. The key is to make sure they are unique across the agency. They are in effect tied to mail distribution in large government buildings. It's a lot easier to write AIR-130 than Aircraft Certificat... | aviation | https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/92714 |
VQAonline_00001433.png | Can I log time in a Cri-Cri twin-engine aircraft? | I was looking at potential experimental projects when I read this fascinating website about a tiny aerobatic-capable twin-engine airplane. It's light enough to be an ultralight, but much too fast:
Aside from the obvious fun of flying this little plane, I wondered whether:
I'd be able to log time in the Cri-Cri as mul... | What a positively delightful looking aircraft!
I see no reason you couldn't log time in this as multi-engine time - it clearly has two engines, with two separate sets of controls (at least throttles, from what I can see).
Similarly I see no reason you couldn't fly it IFR as an experimental aircraft, provided it's "prop... | aviation | https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/2791 |
VQAonline_00001399.png | Is it legal to smoke in your own plane? | I was just curious, in the past, smoking on planes was permitted.
What is the law surrounding smoking in your own private plane?
| The short answer to "Can I smoke in my own private aircraft?" is "Yes, usually".
As Promised, I looked up the relevant FAR (23.853 - Passenger & Crew Compartment Interiors).
The actual rule is long and verbose, but pretty common sense. The important regulatory bits for most personal aircraft are just two points thoug... | aviation | https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/613 |
VQAonline_00002203.png | Does a skinless fuselage add to the likeliness of an unrecoverable spin? | While at Air Venture this week, I happened to hear a pilot of a small experimental airplane say that he liked the skinless (Naked) look his airframe had at one point during the build, but that he believed flying it that way made it more susceptible to an unrecoverable (I assume flat) spin.
Thinking about it later, I... | Well, I would solve with transparent Monokote if it was a model. No accounting for people's taste.
Although some very early aircraft featured that look, designers soon realized that covered "slab" sides not only reduced drag, but also improved directional stability. Note that covered area aft of CG acts as an exten... | aviation | https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/66903 |
VQAonline_00002575.png | Blocky video artifact problem on Canon 600D | When shooting video with my Canon 600D I get artefacts like the following in the pictures: (not throughout the whole video but only for a second and then its gone again, but comes back after a few seconds)
They are always in the bottom part of the image. (Although not visible on the LiveView Screen when viewed in came... | This is dropped data. It may be a problem with either your memory card or your camera itself. h.264 data, which is the format your video is recorded in, works off of a concept known as Group of Pictures. Basically, many of the frames of video don't store information about what they look like, but rather what they lo... | avp | https://avp.stackexchange.com/questions/11989 |
VQAonline_00002567.png | How to get a crisp, exact color match for lossless screen-cast? | Background
Recording a screen-cast (no audio) in Xubuntu Linux. The following image shows a side-by-side comparison of the video (left) versus the desktop (right):
The screen-cast is recorded using:
ffmpeg -r 30 -f x11grab -s $WIN_GEO -i :0.0+$WIN_XY -vcodec huffyuv -preset ultrafast -qp 0 output.mkv
Here, $WIN_GEO s... | Capturing the video frames in XWD format then converting to PNG yields results that are almost pixel perfect when encoded with ffmpeg.
Install xvidcap:
mkdir -p $HOME/dev
cd $HOME/dev
svn checkout svn://svn.code.sf.net/p/xvidcap/code/trunk xvidcap-code
cd xvidcap*
./autogen.sh
LIBS="-ldl -lX11 -lXext" ./configure --pre... | avp | https://avp.stackexchange.com/questions/10428 |
VQAonline_00002558.png | placing text in video filmed environments | I really love mixing reallife environment with floating text over buildings or virtual paintings on the walls.
When the camera moves, the text also moves and looks like it is really attached to the surface. I hope you have the idea of what I'm trying to tell. Here are some questions:
What (1 entry level, 1 professio... | The general technique you're asking about is called motion tracking, of which there exist different types: Feature ("point") tracking, planar tracking, and 3D match moving. After Effects (and the bundled Mocha) is probably the best entry level software to each of these methods, but it definitely leaves room for profes... | avp | https://avp.stackexchange.com/questions/7340 |
VQAonline_00002652.png | How do I resize the canvas of a image layer in After Effects? | I'm using After Effects CC 2017. I've imported a PNG image with transparency, then I added a simple CC Light Wipe effect:
The problem is that the range of the lights produced by this effect are limited to the image size, so it produces an annonying thingy. Is there a way to resize the canvas of the layer of the image ... | Add an adjustment layer on top (right-click in empty area of the layer names. Go to New menu) Apply the effect to that.
| avp | https://avp.stackexchange.com/questions/20225 |
VQAonline_00002546.png | Why is my video alternating between blurry and sharp? | I notice this on a regular basis while watching videos I've downloaded. The image will alternate pretty quickly between blurry and sharp and sometimes the effect is quite drastic. Below is an example image of a tree and the difference between two frames.
What is this effect called and why does it happen? I'm fairly ce... | The effect that you've seen is a side effect of the compression algorithm that was used to encode the video.
The most common compression algorithms (MPEG-4 and MPEG-2 among them) compress different frames with different methods, and that is why two very close and relatively similar frames may look so different.
The fra... | avp | https://avp.stackexchange.com/questions/4054 |
VQAonline_00002632.png | How to get 'outer' composition's current time? | Suppose I've got 2 sequences, one named OUTER and one named INNER. Composition INNER is inside composition OUTER. INNER is shorter than OUTER and is placed in the middle of it's timeline. Inside INNER there is a text object which I want to display OUTER's current time - but I found out this is not so straightforward as... | If you change the inner text layer's source text to this it will work:
thisCompLayer = comp("outer").layer(thisComp.name);
thisCompLayer.time + thisCompLayer.startTime
You just offset the time to cope with the later start time.
Looks like when AE calculates values from another composition it just calculates them ... | avp | https://avp.stackexchange.com/questions/17550 |
VQAonline_00002674.png | My colors look awful, I can't tell why | I'm an amateur that recently made a video clip using the DJI Mavic Pro drone.
The footage itself turned out great, but the coloring is off.
The problem is, I can't tell what exactly is off, it just looks awful.
I tried to do some color correction in my video software, but I couldn't get it right.
Here is a single fram... | 'Awful' is pretty extreme - I don't actually think it looks that bad.
Perhaps it's a little bit over exposed (the car is almost glowing, it's that white) so you might want to consider an ND filter if you're filming outdoors (and you can get one of those for your drone).
Colour-wise, it does look like it's tipping towar... | avp | https://avp.stackexchange.com/questions/23924 |
VQAonline_00002755.png | What dishes pair well the Maltese Harruba liqueur? | What food stuffs pair well with the Maltese liqueur Harruba?
A friend of mine has several bottles of this sweet liqueur and we are hoping to make it into a meal of something more than just the ordinary.
The carob tree, in Maltese called Harruba (Ceratonia siliqua) has been a prominent component of the Maltese vegetat... | I'd say it is probably too sweet to be enjoyed as part of a meal except as an aperitif as @Eric suggested.
Since Carob tastes like chocolate and this is a sweet strong liqueur. Maybe consider using it in a Tiramisu recipe as a substitute for Marsala? I have used Amaretto in this way before and it was delicious!
Carob ... | beer | https://beer.stackexchange.com/questions/7833 |
VQAonline_00002747.png | Other than the USA, do any other countries have dry counties? | Other than the USA, do any other countries have dry counties?
I understand that the term county may not exist in some counties, so one can adopt a different term that may be better suited for a particular countries.
What is a dry county?
A dry county is a county in the United States whose government forbids the sale o... | Yes. Currently the list of Countries that have prohibition (and their counties) are:
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Brunei
Iran
Indonesia (prohibition in small business shops)
India (prohibition in the states of Kerala, Gujarat, Bihar, Nagaland, Manipur and the union territory of Lakshwadeep)
Libya
Kuwait
Maldives (e... | beer | https://beer.stackexchange.com/questions/6759 |
VQAonline_00002743.png | Vaping Alcohol - fad or here to stay? | Just recently I discovered that not only can I vape in stead of smoking, but I can also vape instead of drinking. What's vaping alcohol all about? Well, you put a shot of spirits into an orb, which sits over a small candle (tea-light), and then through a glass or metal straw inhale the results.(check it out here with... | Limit: So, I would speculate that if you're "vaping" the same quantity of alcohol as you might instead drink, then you're facing the same risk. It's the same as drinking alcohol - the risk is cumulative and hard to define - it really depends on how much you drink and how often.
Effect on lungs: Frankly this is hard to... | beer | https://beer.stackexchange.com/questions/6641 |
VQAonline_00002750.png | What to do with 50 (?) years old sake? | I found a bottle of sake in my grandfathers basement.
As there are no Latin characters indicating the age of the bottle (and I don't speak Japanese), I used google Translator and found the following on a card which I assume can be sent back to the manufacturer to give feedback.
差出有効期間昭和45年12月14日迄（切手はいりません）
which is ... | Due its high alcohol content, you will still be able to drink the sake without worrying about your health.
However, the recommended consumption period is usually one year after bottling. After that, the maker cannot guarantee the flavor of the sake. Whatever the flavor of your sake is right now, whether it aged well or... | beer | https://beer.stackexchange.com/questions/7146 |
VQAonline_00002735.png | Beers that are popular but hyper-localized | I grew up near Baltimore, Maryland (USA), and spent a few years living in the city. One very popular beer in Baltimore is National Bohemian ("Natty Boh" in local parlance). You can see the beer's one-eyed mascot, Mr. Boh, all over the city. Apparently more than half a million cases of Natty Boh are sold in the city of ... | Most of the long running local brands have been acquired by the conglomerates and continue to operate and distribute in a limited range, as there is little to no financial motive to further the distribution of these brands.
| beer | https://beer.stackexchange.com/questions/4578 |
VQAonline_00002736.png | Cause of seasonal difference in beer production | I was recently crunching some numbers about beer production in the United States (data from the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau), and I noticed pretty significant seasonality in the production of beer:
Average production peaks in June (on average 18.1 million barrels) and is lowest in November and December (o... | One thing you should take into consideration is that this chart certainly represents macro breweries production, once they still have the vast majority of the market-share, as opposite to craft breweries. So, we are talking here mainly about light lagers, known to be consumed as a refreshing beverage.
So, to me, it's p... | beer | https://beer.stackexchange.com/questions/4580 |
VQAonline_00002749.png | Things people put in bottles of liquor or liqueur and are sold commercially? | People put the strangest things in bottles of liquor to be sold commercially. We have all probably heard of liquor stores, pubs or other drinking establishments occasionally selling tequila with a worm in the bottle. Be what the history of the mescal worm is: true or false is not my question.
The other day, I was in a ... | You can see pretty much anything in the bottle. This article provides a good first look (trigger warning!).
Besides the stuff described there I witnessed bottles with exotic fish, giant prawns, and kelp. I even tasted some of them; we were not amused.
| beer | https://beer.stackexchange.com/questions/7030 |
VQAonline_00003321.png | Identify year of specialized s-works tarmac? | Can anyone identify this specialized s-works tarmac? The seller says it's a 2013, but I haven't found it.
| Looking on bikepedia.com, I can only find listings from 2012 and 2013 for Specialized Tarmac SL4 Pro, or S-Works Tarmac SL4. The frame in the photo seems to have decals for both 'S Works' AND 'Pro' (on the seat tube). This seems inconsistent with any photographs I can see on google images. SWorks frames tend to have 'S... | bicycles | https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/55806 |
VQAonline_00002861.png | Can't remove crank arm on older Mercier | I'm rebuilding an older Mercier and have decided to tackle the bottom bracket. I've read a few articles and watched a few videos on how to remove the crank but none of them look anything like what I've got on this bike.
Basically, there are bolt threads on one side and a 'nub' on the other side that would indicate that... | What you are looking at is called a "Cottered Crank". The shaped cotter pin holds the crank in place and they can be next to impossible to remove without significant effort or a cotter pin press.
Sheldon Brown has an excellent article on removing cottered cranks using a hammer and pipe, which is a method I have used be... | bicycles | https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/10856 |
VQAonline_00003142.png | How to mount TT shifters and TT brake levers together? | I am starting a new project to build a custom bike with bullhorn handlebar. It'd most likely be made either with road or hybrid type of frame. I am planning on having both front and real derailleurs, and brakes (writing all this because, you know, fixies :) There are many unknowns/choices (obviously!), but I am really ... | I can't tell for sure what's going on in that picture, but I think it's a modified older Vision lever that clamps on the OD rather than inside the bars, and then the shifter is just stuck out the end. Ways of doing it with off the shelf parts that I know of are the Jtek Aerobrake, Ultegra ST-6871 and DA ST-9071, the Re... | bicycles | https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/41998 |
VQAonline_00003006.png | Steel rims responsible for slicing tubes? | I have an old Giant dutch bike and it has steel rims. Since I'm a big boy I felt that the 60PSI on the tyres is not enough and pumped my tyres to the maximum of 85PSI which is what my Schwalbe Marathon Plus tyres were supposed to be able to take in. It was great, riding was so much easier all of a sudden! Not the slowe... | OK if the tire was blown off the rim then I highly suspect that is the whole story.
When the tube leaks out the because tire bead has come out the tube will burst and you will see a slit.
A tube outside a tire cannot take much pressure.
Most likely when you went from 60 to 85 psi it was enough pressure to push the... | bicycles | https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/29255 |
VQAonline_00003388.png | Is this a crack on the carbon frame? | I have just noticed this on the top of my saddle bar and where the seat post clamp is. Is it a crack probably caused by the saddle pressure?
| Doesn’t look like a crack, looks more like a surface void that formed during the resin injection molding. These types of imperfections are not uncommon, especially on the inside of the frame where you can’t see them. Less common to see them on the outside as they are usually caught in quality control inspections. Whi... | bicycles | https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/60186 |
VQAonline_00003710.png | Cannot steer my bike with with new adult training wheels | I just had adult training wheels put on my bike and I cannot steer it properly. The roads in my neighborhood are all cambered (raised in the middle) and the bike keeps pulling strongly to the right. I have to lean my body way out to the left to conteract the pull to the right. The training wheels are set almost righ... | Bicycles (and other two-wheeled vehicles like motorcycles) constantly need righting while riding. That is done mostly by the rider. If the bicycle starts to tip to the side, you automatically steer to the same side so you induce an opposite effect. This is helped by the head angle, the wheel trail and the gyroscopic ef... | bicycles | https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/85604 |
VQAonline_00003376.png | (Light?) rust removal from chain | Situation:
I'm new to the world of trike maintenance. My son and I purchased recumbent trikes at the end of last summer. The weather for the past couple of months has been cold, snowy, cold, and...cold (Northern Pennsylvania climate.) So I cleaned them, tried my hand at lubricating the chains for the third time since o... | As long, as you can easily move the links of your chain, there's no problem. Just lube them and ride them, and they'll be fine. The movement will rub any rust from the critical places. You may need to work the chain for a while before the links become free, a creeping oil should help get the links moving again.
That sa... | bicycles | https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/59467 |
VQAonline_00003840.png | How to increase the size of the shapes that denotes effect sizes of different datasets and metaanalysis? | I am doing metaanalysis with forestplot from ggforestplot package. I have 7 different datasets from 7 different countries. After metaanalysis, I have 7 Effect sizes and a Meta-analysis effect size, i.e., total of 8 effect sizes. Now, I have generated a forest plot using this code:
# Forestplot
my_plot <- forestplot(
... | A quick look at the code for forestplot shows that geom_effect is what needs to be modified. If you add a value for fatten changes the size of the shapes in the the figure (but not in the legend), or a value for size will change the shape, line and legend sizes (add to not geom_effect not to the aes layer)
This may be ... | bioinformatics | https://bioinformatics.stackexchange.com/questions/15804 |
VQAonline_00003856.png | Identify side chain atoms in BioPandas dataframe | I am currently implementing some metrics I could use for comparing two conformations of the same protein in Python.
For example, I know I could use the RMSD of all protein ATOMS in BioPandas using this:
biopandas.pdb.PandasPdb.rmsd(conformation1.df['ATOM'], conformation2.df['ATOM'])
Are there some out-of-the-box tools... | As you suggest one way of solving your problem would be by selecting all atoms that don't have backbone atoms names. In a pdb file I believe backbone atoms would be named 'CA', 'HA', 'N', 'HN' or 'H', 'C' and 'O'. Beware of the N-terminal (where the hydrogens would be named either 'H1', 'H2' & 'H3'; or 'HN1', 'HN2' and... | bioinformatics | https://bioinformatics.stackexchange.com/questions/18690 |
VQAonline_00003846.png | GROMACS RMSF Result Analysis Problem | This is RMSF for protein from GROMACS after 100ns simulation-
I have few questions-
Residue numbers are starting from 1650 to 1850, has it ignore LIG
and HOH as residues?
There are three lines, so are there three chains and their residue number is same?
Are the straight lines connecting these chains or this is kind o... |
The residue numbering in a PDB file mainly depend on the person who deposited it. There are usually reasons for how things are numbered, but ultimately you should look at PDB file, and check the details on how the structure was obtained. To give you an example, during my PhD I worked on a protein that had some missing... | bioinformatics | https://bioinformatics.stackexchange.com/questions/17602 |
VQAonline_00003788.png | Highly heterozygous reads mapping | I have short (67bp) Hi-C reads from a highly heterozygous organism (~15% between-haplotype SNP divergence) and I have both reference haplotypes.
I wanted to try and compare different haplotyping softwares for Hi-C reads using these reads as benchmarking dataset. When mapping the reads separately to each haplotype, I ge... | I believe you may be able to map your reads, but I don't know how to do that with minimap2.
I recommend running gsnap, which is more SNP tolerant and provides a number of parameters which are likely to help.
For instance, I believe that most aligners will treat 'N' characters as mismatches when you align. GSNAP has pa... | bioinformatics | https://bioinformatics.stackexchange.com/questions/6791 |
VQAonline_00003867.png | reverse translation from amino acid string to DNA strings | what is the opposite of .translate() function calls ?
I mean let's say I am given an amino acid string CYCLIC, how do I obtain all the possible combinations of DNA strings before the translation process ?
Note: I was told that degeneracy has an important role in this particular aspect, but I am not entirely sure about ... | Given the table above the solution for CYCLE is:
from itertools import product
prot = 'CYCLE'
degenDict = dict()
for v,k in table.items():
if k in degenDict:
degenDict[k].append(v)
else:
degenDict[k]=[]
degenDict[k].append(v)
nucs = [degenDict[resid] for resid in prot]
for degenNuc in p... | bioinformatics | https://bioinformatics.stackexchange.com/questions/19498 |
VQAonline_00003831.png | TCGA: gene IDs not appearing and other concerns | I want to download RNA-seq datasets of 4 or 5 different types of cancer from the TCGA to investigate what is happening with my gene of interest. The problem is that I'm a physician and I don't know people used to deal with Big Data to help me.
I'm using a Bioconductor program called TCGAbiolinks and I'm able to downloa... | I had to play around a little to understand the object, but here's what I got:
R version 4.0.2 (2020-06-22) -- "Taking Off Again"
Copyright (C) 2020 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin17.0 (64-bit)
R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
You are welcome to redistr... | bioinformatics | https://bioinformatics.stackexchange.com/questions/14166 |
VQAonline_00003791.png | wget for links inside html pages | I am trying to download a file from the following repository: https://trace.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Traces/sra/?run=SRR7276474
As you can see, there are several layers to the webpage. For example, clicking on the download tab doesn't change the URL and, the link is not a 'download link' per ce - where simply clicking the lin... | If you want to download a file, you need to use the link to that file. Your original attempt, wget https://trace.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Traces/sra/?run=SRR7276474 wouldn't work since that's a link to the trace page of the relevant run. If you want to download something else, just right click on the link (the one in the scre... | bioinformatics | https://bioinformatics.stackexchange.com/questions/6949 |
VQAonline_00004314.png | What causes "ear rumbling"? | The video Ear rumbling happens below the range of human hearing demonstrates that the "ear rumbling" sound is actual sound and can be recorded by a sensitive microphone near the ear.
What is it exactly that produces this vibration and how is it radiated as sound waves into the air?
If it is subsonic, then why does it s... | I'm able to create rumbling in my ears at will. Unlike the poster of the video, I don't need to yawn to do so; I can do it without my face appearing to move. I actually discovered this alongside another ability of mine when I was little: the ability to create warmth flowing from the base of my neck outwards into the re... | biology | https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/80419 |
VQAonline_00004255.png | A strange insect | I saw this ant-like insect in Brazil, close to Rio de Janeiro. It was around 2 cm long. I tried to use google's search by image, but no luck. Does any one know the name of the species?
| Insects like this are commonly called "velvet ants", but they are wasps, not ants. This insect is in the family Mutillidae, and it's called Hopolocrates cephalotes.
(https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/629302-Hoplocrates-cephalotes/browse_photos)
| biology | https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/71526 |
VQAonline_00004155.png | How close genetically is the most human-like chimpanzee to the most chimp-like human? | I understand that:
Chimpanzees are the closest species to humans genetically. Only 1%-6% of their genes are different.
Within any species there is genetic diversity, i.e. no two individuals have the same exact DNA sequence.
This variability applies to humans and chimps.
Thus, there exists a pair consisting of a human... | You may be interested in this 2005 Nature paper from the Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium: Initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with the human genome. It breaks down the most common categories of genetic variation:
Single-nucleotide substitutions occur at a mean rate of 1.23% between c... | biology | https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/52088 |
VQAonline_00004096.png | Coefficient of Inbreeding - implementation issue | The formula for the coefficient of inbreeding is as follows...
I have a family tree going back 9 generations. Say I find a common ancestor X in the 4th generation on the mothers side and in the 5th generation on the fathers side. I can work out that constituent of F... but what do I do about all the ancestors of X (th... | The $F_i$ term is the term that accounts for inbreeding of your common ancestor X. If that common ancestor is not inbred then the term is 0 and the calculation is a little easier. Using the example you have given:
X ─┬─ Y
│
┌──┴──┐
GGGF GGM
│ │
GGF │
│ GM
GF │
│ │
F ─┬─ M
│
Mick
... | biology | https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/41024 |
VQAonline_00004160.png | By just looking at an unlabeled picture, how do you know it is a protein? | I'm learning about proteins and need to understand this concept. What makes this colourful ball of squiggles identifiable? Why is it a protein, and not any other biomolecule (like DNA for example)? What are the colours showing? What are the variations in the shape of the image?
Basically, the question is: What is this ... | Shapes
This is a common way of illustrating a protein and is often called a "protein cartoon". There are other common ways of illustrating proteins.
This cartoon shows you where α helices are (spirals) and where β sheets are (arrows) which are important structural elements. The strings connecting those structural eleme... | biology | https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/52426 |
VQAonline_00004422.png | How can SNP arrays be used to detect deletions within a gene? | I am reading a journal paper where the researchers are studying the effect of disease-causing mutations in the IL1RAPL1 gene. In the first figure of this paper, they show pedigrees of families where they have family members with the disease-causing mutations.
For the BMC family, they found using a SNP array that a del... | In the materials and methods of the paper, you will observe the following statement regarding the CNV (deletion) analysis:
CNV analysis was performed using CNV-WebStore (38).
That citation points to this paper, a software package designed to infer CNVs such as deletions from array data.
Recall that SNP arrays are ess... | biology | https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/107947 |
VQAonline_00003977.png | Is there some genetic variance underlying music appreciation? | Is there any research done on the genetic variance for Music appreciation?
If not, why is there no genetic variance for this trait?
| In 2013,
Dr. Liisa Ukkola-Vuoti, University of Helsinki, Finland, done a detailed GWCNV(Genome-Wide Copy Number Variation) Analysis of certain group of people for musical creativity and aptitude.
Genome-Wide Copy Number Variation Analysis in Extended Families and Unrelated Individuals Characterized for Musical Aptitud... | biology | https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/19924 |
VQAonline_00004440.png | City card and predicting when Supply piles will run low | This card kind of has me stumped. In my experience, the vast majority of games deplete the Province or Colony pile before any other, ending the game. Which means in most circumstances, this card is basically an overpriced Village, which isn't a very strong card to begin with.
It seems to me the key is knowing when Su... | More supply piles tend to go in 5 or 6 player games.
Cards that synergize with themselves tend to get bought out quickly - like Caravan, Treasure Map, and Laboratory. Extra buys also seem to increase the rate at which Kingdom cards get bought out.
Terminal actions (ones that do not give you +1 Action) tend to get bough... | boardgames | https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/1262 |
VQAonline_00004566.png | What is this descent figure? | I was wandering around on boardgamegeek and I saw this picture of a guy painting Descent figures, but the post doesn't exists anymore - thank you google - and the figures are just amazing
I'm not sure this is descent figure, but photos are taken on Descent v2 tiles so I guess it may be an extension I don't know.
| It is the Ice Wyrm, from Descent second edition.
| boardgames | https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/28481 |
VQAonline_00004654.png | Carcassone - placing barn figure in field | Game : Carcassone with expansion "Abbey & Mayor".
Question - theoretically barn can be placed:
A) only if my farmer has already been placed in field?
B) regarding if any farmers already exist in fields?
| According to the rules, the barn can be placed in a field as long as that field doesn't already have a barn. Farmers are no concern when placing the barn:
You may place your barn on a field already occupied by farmers. You may not,
however, place your barn on a field already occupied by another barn. Once
placed, ... | boardgames | https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/44369 |
VQAonline_00004720.png | Canceling King Arthurs boosted attack on cards with no effects | In Unmatched: Battle of Legends Vol 1 King Arthur has a special ability:
When King Arthur attacks, you may BOOST that attack. Play the BOOST
card, face down, along with your attack card.
If your opponent cancels the effects on your attack card, the BOOST is
discarded without effect.
One of King Arthurs cards is Excal... | From Jenn S. at Restoration Games
Essentially, Arthur's special ability is an effect that can get
canceled, so the Boost would be discarded.
There is some further discussion on it in this BoardGameGeek thread:
Feint vs boosted Excalibur.
TL;DR even with Excalibur, the boost would be discarded if an opponent's card di... | boardgames | https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/54384 |
VQAonline_00004584.png | What's the use of blinking a creature out (such as with Essence Flux)? | Essence Flux says:
Exile target creature you control, then return that card to the battlefield under its owner's control. If it's a Spirit, put a +1/+1 counter on it.
So, say I have a 1/1 Sanctuary Cat cast onto the battlefield. According to above, I would exile it, then return it right back? Is that right? I don't s... | There are many uses for so-called "flicker" effects like from Essence Flux.
The namesake Flicker was the first card to exile and immediately return the target. This is where the mechanic got its unofficial name.
The creature that returns is a whole new object without any relation to its previous existence. That means t... | boardgames | https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/32379 |
VQAonline_00004681.png | Bonus traps from Essen Spielmesse 2019, what are the rules for them? | I was at the Essen Spielmesse 2019 and enjoyed the game Obscurio. I bought the game and at the booth they gave us some bonus traps to use in the game. However no rules were given with the traps and we have no idea how to use them. We could hazard a guess, but would love some official guidelines on how they should be pl... | Someone asked the same question on boardgamegeek, and someone found the rules on the publisher's website, they are:
Music hall (Music note):
Affects step 2 and 4
The wizards can only communicate by singing, the Grimoire is not affected by this token
Raving mad (Cards with the arrows around the outside and question m... | boardgames | https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/49173 |
VQAonline_00004505.png | Do I have to sacrifice non-token dragons to Day of the Dragons? | The Card Day of the Dragons says the following:
When Day of the Dragons leaves the battlefield, sacrifice all Dragons you control. Then return the exiled cards to the battlefield under your control.
Note the part I've highlighted. What exactly does that mean?
For example, if I invoke a dragon card after using the en... | Yes, you would have to sacrifice all dragons creatures and creature tokens under your control, regardless of where they came from or when they were cast. All Dragons means all permanents (creatures, tokens) that have have Dragon in their supertype or subtype. "Under your control" should be clear.
| boardgames | https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/13093 |
VQAonline_00004747.png | Is there a Technique or Algorithm for Building Spheres? | There are times when I would like to build a sphere or a dome like this one:
From Small Lego Sphere Project
While this example is great, I find it difficult to scale it to another size, whether smaller or larger, without it...not looking roundish anymore.
Is there a tool available that can design a sphere or dome base... | This website generates a sphere in LDraw format: http://lego.bldesign.org/sphere/
Here's a link if you want to learn how it can be done: http://groups.csail.mit.edu/graphics/classes/6.837/F04/assignments/assignment5/
(there are other ways too)
| bricks | https://bricks.stackexchange.com/questions/549 |
VQAonline_00004941.png | How do I build this robot car? | I want to start using more LEGO Technic, but I'm not sure what the best way is to buy the parts without breaking the bank.
I'd really like to make a robot like the ones shown in this video.
Making Lego Car CLIMB Obstacles
They identify these parts:
SBrick https://www.sbrick.com/sbrick.html
BrickController 2 app (Andro... | There are several ways you can start with LEGO Technic.
If you have no elements whatsoever the best (cost-efficient) approach is to buy a set that contains most of the parts. Or a couple of sets. Bulk lots could also be useful, however, they may not contain the most expensive elements (like motors). Specific elements c... | bricks | https://bricks.stackexchange.com/questions/16742 |
VQAonline_00004905.png | What is the meaning of the available color lists in Bricklink searches? | Recent AFOL; figuring out Bricklink.
I'm trying to understand the color lists that are retrieved by searches in Bricklink.
Using Bricklink, I searched for part 3068a (2x2 tile without Groove), and looking at availability, and so forth.
Four categories of color lists are given in Bricklink:
Lots for Sale
On Wanted list
... | Lots for Sale - this contains colors in which current part is being listed for sale.
On Wanted list - this shows which colors Bricklink members have added to their "wanted list". It doesn't mean parts in this color have existed. Most likely this being used to add non-existing color to list of wanted items and mark for ... | bricks | https://bricks.stackexchange.com/questions/13458 |
VQAonline_00004742.png | Why did Technic bricks have holes in the studs? | Lego Technic (/ Expert Builder) bricks have always had a very different design than the normal Lego brick, with peg holes lining the sides serving fairly obvious purposes, but they also have had (as long as I can remember) hollow studs on the top:
Now that these pieces are appearing in non-Technic sets I've seen them ... | From principles of molding, you want a uniform part thickness throughout if possible. This facilitates plastic flow as well as dimensional stability (you want uniform shrinkage on cooling.) Removing a divot from the underside of a stud serves this purpose in a regular brick. The Technic brick with through holes would... | bricks | https://bricks.stackexchange.com/questions/196 |
VQAonline_00004892.png | How do I run the LEGO Technic V6 engine using a Lego electric motor? | I am not into LEGO, don't know anything about it, so I will try to be as specific as possible.
My goal is to spin the LEGO Technic V6 engine (preferably at some realistic RPM's like thousands).
Since I can't combust air and gasoline inside, my simple idea was to run it with LEGO electric motor from LEGO Technic Power F... | Assuming that your motor already has a Technic axle available, you'll need:
Any Technic motor. You probably want an M motor (8883).
An appropriate battery box or other power source. If you selected the above motor, you probably want the PF battery box that uses AA batteries (8881).
Any Technic elements that you want t... | bricks | https://bricks.stackexchange.com/questions/11367 |
VQAonline_00004854.png | How can I find brick part number from a picture? | I found some books I like, but the book only give pictures of the parts. For example, this one
How can I know the part number (for example in bricklink) from the picture?
| You'll need to start learning the nomenclature for those pieces.
For example the long straight pieces you have there with holes on top are "Technic, Brick 1 x 12 with Holes"
The pieces with rounded ends are lift arms. You can browse through the list of them here or take a stab at their descriptions using the width and ... | bricks | https://bricks.stackexchange.com/questions/9073 |
VQAonline_00004901.png | Can you identify these column decorators? | I want to decorate some columns with these little round ionic scroll-looking things. Does anyone know the part number?
| Brick, Modified 1 x 1 with Scroll with Hollow Stud
https://www.bricklink.com/v2/catalog/catalogitem.page?P=20310&idColor=2
| bricks | https://bricks.stackexchange.com/questions/13262 |
VQAonline_00004983.png | What raised mudra is depicted on the Buddha rupa at the London Peace Pagoda and what does it mean? |
What raised mudra is depicted on this particular Buddha rupa at the London Peace Pagoda and what does it mean? Also, which Buddha is this?
| This guide -- The Battersea Park Peace Pagoda -- says,
In this statue the Vitarka Mudra, associated with explaining the Buddha’s teachings, with the right hand right raised and the tips of the forefinger and thumb touching, is combined with the Tarjani Mudra for warding off evil, with forefinger and little finger outs... | buddhism | https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/questions/44988 |
VQAonline_00004981.png | Does 'karma' mean that everything that happens to us is under our control, or only that we are responsible for it? | Does 'karma' mean that everything that happens to us is under our control, or only that we are responsible for it? I thought that only substantial beings could be completely in control of everything that happens to them, and not just because things are impermanent.
Also, conditioned things are a result of past karma, w... | Not everything is caused by karma. Some things are caused by other reasons, like the weather. The Sivaka Sutta talks about this. There's a summary at the bottom:
Bile, phlegm, and also wind,
Imbalance and climate too,
Carelessness and assault,
With kamma result as the eighth.
To quote the sutta in detail:
“Some feel... | buddhism | https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/questions/39874 |
VQAonline_00004953.png | Why is Kwan Yin riding a sea turtle? | And maybe to save two related questions, why does Samantabhadra ride an elephant and Majursri ride a lion?
I was meditating with Kwan Yin statute and that was the main distraction, I had no idea why Kwan Yin is on a sea turtle.
| Okay, I did my own research and here is what I've come up with so far. Interestingly, the artist is making a reference to this Pali suttra:
"Monks, suppose that this great earth were totally covered with water,
and a man were to toss a yoke with a single hole there. A wind from
the east would push it west, a wind ... | buddhism | https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/questions/1541 |
VQAonline_00004966.png | How is it wrong to believe that a self exists, or that it doesn't? |
the one place where the Buddha was asked point-blank whether or not
there was a self, he refused to answer. When later asked why, he said
that to hold either that there is a self or that there is no self is
to fall into extreme forms of wrong view that make the path of
Buddhist practice impossible.
It seems t... | Buddha kept silent in response to Vacchagotta’s question because answering it in either way, it would have been misunderstood. This nature of the self is beyond the level of understanding of Vacchagotta. He is not yet at that stage in his spiritual development. Buddha never denies the existence of the self. He reject... | buddhism | https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/questions/15898 |
VQAonline_00004977.png | In the movie Spring Summer Fall Winter and Spring, why does the master cry? | Here is the movie: Spring Summer Fall Winter and Spring 2003
The plot is that the student having attachment to a woman, leave the temple and marries her. Years fly by, and the student returns because he kills her, after her affair. The master helps him to let the anger out before being caught by the police, and then he... |
My question is: why would the master cries before the immolation?
The "Winter" segment of the movie kind of gave the hint. Notice in this segment, after being paroled from prison for the crime of killing his wife, the now middle-age apprentice returns to the floating monastery and begins to take on the role of his pr... | buddhism | https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/questions/35686 |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
VQAonline
🌐 Homepage | 🤗 Dataset | 📖 arXiv
Dataset Description
We introduce VQAonline, the first VQA dataset in which all contents originate from an authentic use case.
VQAonline includes 64K visual questions sourced from an online question answering community (i.e., StackExchange).
It differs from prior datasets; examples include that it contains:
- (1) authentic context that clarifies the question
- (2) an answer the individual asking the question validated as acceptable from all community provided answers,
- (3) answers that are considerably longer (e.g., a mean of 173 words versus typically 11 words or fewer in prior work)
- (4) user-chosen topics for each visual question from 105 diverse topics revealing the dataset’s inherent diversity.
Download
To download, you can use the following code:
git clone https://huggingface.co/datasets/ChongyanChen/VQAonline
Dataset Structure
In total, the VQAonline dataset contains 64,696 visual questions.
We designed VQAonline to support few-shot settings given the recent exciting developments around in-context few-shot learning with foundation models. Thus, we split the dataset as follows:
- Training set: 665 visual questions
- Validation set: 285 visual questions
- Test set: 63,746 visual questions
The questions, contexts, and answers are provided in the json files.
Due to the constraint of huggingface, we separate the image files into 7 folders (named from images1 to images7), each of which contains 10,000 image files, except for folder "images 7".
Contact
- Chongyan Chen: chongyanchen_hci@utexas.edu
Citation
BibTeX:
@inproceedings{chen2024fully,
title={Fully authentic visual question answering dataset from online communities},
author={Chen, Chongyan and Liu, Mengchen and Codella, Noel and Li, Yunsheng and Yuan, Lu and Gurari, Danna},
booktitle={European Conference on Computer Vision},
pages={252--269},
year={2024},
organization={Springer}
}
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