text: Forever Amber Acres relies on the generosity of our donors and volunteers to make sure we can continue to rescue, rehabilitate and provide permanent refuge for horses and other animals in need. Most of our animals have life-long illnesses and need special food, care and medical items. If you can help today with either a monetary donation or the donation of your time, all of the animals at the farm will greatly appreciate your kindness.


text:
A series of proposals to reform the Davis Cup will be discussed at the International Tennis Federation (ITF) Annual Congress, beginning in Ho Chi Minh City tomorrow.
A decision to award the inaugural World Cup of Tennis finals to Geneva has, however, been deferred until next year’s Annual General Meeting.
Under proposals already approved by the ITF Board, all singles matches in the Davis Cup will be played as best-of-three tiebreak sets rather than the current format of five.
No dead rubbers will be played if the tie is won in a fourth match lasting three sets and at least 90 minutes.
A match tiebreak will also replace the third set in all Davis Cup dead rubbers.
Hosting costs for national associations and player commitments will each be reduced.
These changes will all ease the burden on players, it is hoped, following criticism that the men’s team event adds to an already congested fixture calendar.
Finalists in both the Davis Cup and the Fed Cup women’s event will also be guaranteed the choice of hosting their first-round ties the following year.
It was also proposed last month that Geneva was the “preferred choice” to host the three years of the World Cup of Tennis from November 2018.
The event will include the Davis Cup and Fed Cup finals at the same time.
Action would take place on the hard court at the Palexpo, a venue which has a capacity of 18,000 and has staged over 10 Davis Cup and Fed Cup ties.
But, following criticism from both fans and players, the ITF announced that they had listened to feedback and would defer the rubber-stamping of these plans until next year.
A new task force, co-chaired by Board members Katrina Adams and Bernard Giudicelli, has been set-up to evaluate the proposals further.
Four days of discussions will begin in the Vietnamese city tomorrow with a Board meeting as well as sessions of regional associations.
An Annual Conference will then be held on Wednesday and Thursday (August 2 and 3) before the AGM scheduled for Friday (August 4).
Previous articleIPC President Hopes LA 2028 will Help Paralympic Movement in U.S.

industry_corpus2: Sports


text:
I am very please with the all the services that Home Paramount has been providing me. Everyone is so caring, courteous and efficient, starting with everyone in the office and all the technicians. I will definitely keep H.P.for all of my home needs. Thanks H.P.
Your technicians are all nice guys, polite and helpful.
Your phone system is ridiculous, going thru the Maryland office to talk to someone in Yorktown!
On time. Excellent work. Thorough work.
Thanks to Home Paramount; especially our bug sprayer Victor, our house has been bug free for months!
Marty was very polite. He took the initiative to add mice traps to several areas. I couldn't be happier.
Have been using home paramount since I built my house and have been completely satisfied for almost 30 years.
The team that came to encapsulate our crawl space were professional and did a great job. We can already see a difference inside the house.
Always on time! Super friendly staff. I am a real estate professional and have dealt with several different companies in the past 15 years. Paramount has been the best at responding quickly, handling any issues and have very fair pricing.
Chris Hogge and his team are ALWAYS phenomenal!! The quality of customer care you receive from him is enough continue to use this company. The pricing is ALWAYS right the first time! If you don't understand what needs to be done, Chris educates you, and answers all questions without a problem, making sure you aren't left in the dark about anything. I am thankful for Chris Hogge and his team, and I will continue to use his services with Home Paramount, and recommend him to everyone I know. Thank you Chris, and thank you Home Paramount for having 5 star employees representing you!!!
My husband and I have used Home Paramount for 3 different houses for over 20 years for quarterly inspections and termite pest control. The service engineers have always arrived on time and have been very customer service oriented. Marty is the best!
I've been using Paramount for years and they provide a great service. Their technician Marty is a gem!
The same guy (Monte?) comes everytime & he’s amazing!
Our service associate/inspector really has a great concern about his craft. He is not satisfied he feels he has answered all of our questions. He is a dedicated worker, enjoyable to express our concerns, and attacks ANY problem he sees.
I have been very satisfied with Home Paramont’s Services for Termite and Pest Control. I am impressed with their expertise and customer-satisfaction-centric professional standards. Every task from planing, proposal and execution of proposal was thorough. I highly recommend their services to my friends.
Good service, all is well.
Professional technicians, arrive as scheduled and price that fits a homeowners wallet.
Mostly happy. I do think $150 is a little high for 20 minutes of rodent dropping cleanup.
We are using same company last 10 years and no complain and good service.
very good service, friendly helpful tech.
I have quarterly preventive treatments performed by Home Paramount throughout the year, and I have been very satisfied by the quality and performance of the company and its personnel. It has made a tremendous difference in the number of insect problems I have each year and, to date, have sustained no damage to my property.
Thorough inspection; good face-to-face feedback from the tech; clear written report.
Professional work for my home.
Always timely pleasant and effective, thanks.
Charles does an excellent job of providing service to our home and is is a joy to be around.
Professional, friendly & knowledgeable staff.
I've always been happy with the services and the response time.
Stop clogging my email with this stupid stuff. If I wasn't happy you would already have heard from me. I have said many times Charles is great. I will never reply to one of these dumb emails again.
Very please with the job that was done. Would highly recommend the Company to friends and neighbors.

industry_corpus2: Real Estate & Construction


text:
Organisers of Manchester’s huge Parklife Festival have today announced the line-up for the 2019 event – which will include the likes of Cardi B, Christine and The Queens, George Ezra, Blossoms, Solange and Khalid.
A huge list of acts are now confirmed for the tenth edition of Manchester’s Parklife, including the first festival performance from The Streets in over 8 years.
Returning to Heaton Park on Saturday 8th and Sunday 9th June, Parklife is the UK’s largest Metropolitan festival and its milestone offering sees a huge selection of acts set to perform across hip-hop, rap, r&b, pop, indie and electronic music.
The festival’s ever-impressive DJ roster will this year include Annie Mac and Eric Prydz, together with tastemakers Gilles Peterson and Kaytranada, while party starter Jamie Jones plays b2b with Marco Carola and The Martinez Brothers play All Day Long.
The line-up was launched on Wednesday night online with a special video based around this year’s House Party theme.
Boasting 16 stages of music across the two days, Parklife has built a solid reputation for its cutting-edge line-ups which last year included performances from Liam Gallagher, Skepta, N.E.R.D. and Chvrches.
General tickets go on sale Friday 1st February at 9am and are priced at £125 for a weekend pass, and £69.50 each day, from the Parklife website, where you can find the full line-up of acts announced today.
This year, Parklife have announced they are also to reward fans with a variety of benefits which are included in all ticket options, with perks including access to a range of Parklife club series events featuring special guest appearances from acts on the festival bill plus a 20% discount at ASOS.

industry_corpus2: Film & Entertainment


text:
NEW YORK -- As he stood amid 70 or so media members inside a cramped Cavaliers locker room Monday night, LeBron James explained the significance of the powerful words that stretched across his torso during pregame warmups.
James and Cavaliers went about winning their seventh straight game Monday, a 110-88 victory that was tight until a monster third-quarter run by Cleveland broke open a game tied at 61. But the game was secondary in nearly every way. First, there was the presence of Britain's Prince William and his wife, Kate Middleton, who sat courtside for their first NBA game and gabbed with American royalty Jay-Z and Beyonce during breaks.
But the story of the night was the activism of a number of NBA players. Before the game, the Cavaliers' James, Kyrie Irving and the Nets' Deron Williams and Kevin Garnett among others all wore the same black t-shirts. They are the latest professional athletes to make a personal statement on the death of Eric Garner, a 43-year-old Staten Island man who was killed on July 17 after he was wrestled to the ground and choked to death by police officers arresting him for selling untaxed cigarettes. Last week a Staten Island grand jury decided not to bring charges in the police-involved death. That decision has prompted protests around the country, as protesters have mobilized around Garner’s last words: “I can’t breathe." A video recording of the arrest has been viewed by millions.
Unbeknownst to the players, protesters swarmed Atlantic Avenue outside the Barclays Center during the game, holding a “die-in” to protest the Garner ruling. The hashtag #RoyalShutdown was used by activists on Twitter as a rallying point.
Other athletes have echoed that sentiment. Last Saturday prior to his game against Golden State, Bulls guard Derrick Rose wore a t-shirt with “I CAN'T BREATHE" during pregame warmups. The NFL also saw athletes on Sunday pay tribute to Garner including Lions running back Reggie Bush, Browns cornerback Johnson Bademosi and Rams offensive lineman Davin Joseph.
Irving said he decided on Saturday that he would wear the shirt tonight. He said he was given a t-shirt by Nets guard Jarrett Jack. James said he had no idea Irving was planning to wear one on Monday and he only discovered it in the locker room before the game.
On a lighter note, James said he met with The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge after the game and gave them cupcakes and two jerseys as a present, including one for the upcoming Royal Child.
Williams said Jay-Z, a former part-owner of the Nets but still close to the team, provided the shirts for he and some of his teammates.
Commenting on social issues is something James has not shied away from as he approaches 30. Last season, as a member of the Heat, he and his teammates wore their warmups inside-out to show solidarity with Clippers players protesting team owner Donald Sterling.
Nets coach Lionel Hollins supported his players' decision to wear the t-shirts and make a statement.
"They should be political," said Hollins. "They should be about social awareness. Basketball is just a small part of life. If they don't think that there is justice or they feel like there is something that they protest, then they should. That is their right as citizens of America, and I have no problem with that all."


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I’m coming up on two years. I do find the spring so hard, lots of memories are triggered. I found that the lead up to his birth date was harder than the day itself, with lots of remembering the days leading up to his death the year prior and wondering where it all went wrong and how I might have intervened to have a different outcome. The day itself was not as bad as I feared. I did work, which I think was right for me. I work part time and I’m not supposed to work on his birthday this year and I’m actually considering asking if I can add the day. I’m nervous I’ll spend the day crying. We ended up buying cupcakes and flowers to plant in the garden. When I got home we went outside for cupcakes and planting. Likewise I don’t have a grave in part because we donated his body to research and had to sign away his remains. Instead we planted a garden for him in our yard. Last year I added a Jizu statue.
I clicked the like button, but there is nothing to ‘like’ about your sad loss. I am so very sorry, I don’t know why these things happen, life can be so cruel. I have though long and hard about various other losses in my life, my mother, my grandmother, a friend and none at all compare to the grief from losing my babies.
Then sometimes people who have lost get another child by whatever means and they go around saying “God is good” and “I deserved this piece of good news”. Conversely I sometimes see that as them saying, that I don’t deserve good news and that is why I have been unable to conceive and carry again. Twisted grief rationale going on, huh.
Precious Corva. The month of April was incredibly difficult for me as well. Please know as we meet our girl’s first birthday next week that I will be holding space for you and for Corva. I imagine our sweet girls playing on the seashore with the rays of holy light resting on their faces. Sending you love.

industry_corpus2: Others


text: You can't miss the marquee for the Uptown Theater, a newly renovated, nearly 100-year-old icon at the heart of Uptown. Uptown stays up late with rooftop restaurants and night clubs, but gets up early to host lakeside races and events. Calhoun Square and Hennepin Avenue host boutiques, outdoorsy shops, hot restaurants, and tattoo parlors. The biggest local draws are Uptown Art Fair and Lake Calhoun, now offering outdoor seafood dining at Tin Fish restaurant.

industry_corpus2: Hospitality & Catering


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Water temperatures are around 60 degrees in most of our areas. Shore fishing action is picking up on many of our lakes. For more information, contact the Black Hawk District office at 712-657-2638.
Expect panfish action to pick up near submerged structure along the shoreline as water temps continue to warm.
Bluegill - Fair: Pick up bluegill in 5-10 feet of water near shoreline and submerged structure using crawlers and small minnows fished under a bobber.

industry_corpus2: Agriculture & Fisheries


text:
The corporate upholds the philosophy of "Be No.1 in high quality, be rooted on credit history and trustworthiness for growth", will continue to serve previous and new customers from home and overseas whole-heatedly for Tornado Wire Netting , tornado wire netting , Holland Wire Netting , we glance ahead to setting up a long-term enterprise partnership along with you within the close to potential. get hold of us today.
Our target is to consolidate and improve the quality and service of existing products, meanwhile constantly develop new products to meet different customers' demands for Tornado Wire Netting , tornado wire netting , Holland Wire Netting , and look forward to your correspondence.

industry_corpus2: Manufacturing


text:
The carpenter finally got around to installing the back door into the kitchen today. Henry, for one, is very happy to have a door to go in and out of. For the moment, Gabriella is happy to make Henry happy by opening the door for him.
I've temporarily moved the big kitchen table so you can see the door. I include this wider shot because I'm just so pleased at how the entire kitchen has come together - I smile every time I look at it! Neither of these photos is of terrific quality (and I'm sensitive now to sharing things that aren't really great since my rant about how proud of my photos I am!) This is because I used the ambient lighting of the room's LED ceiling lights instead of getting out the big spots-on-tripods. The big spots flood too much light into the rooms and you can't enjoy how "nice" the LED lighting is .... oh well, maybe someday I'll figure out how to manipulate the spots better in this situation.
Anyway, about the door: It is produced by Houseworks Ltd. of Atlanta, Georgia. Here is their website for wholesalers http://www.houseworksltd.com/ . Most of merchandise is for small doll-house scale but they do have a few things for "play scale" including this door. I got mine from a dealer on eBay. It is extremely well made and so nice I don't think I'll ruin it by trying to paint it! Now I think we need a window in the corner! R.
Who would have thought such an ordinary thing as a door would make the great Joe Pye Towers even homier. I love the lighting in the picture, it makes it look like Gabriella just crawled out of bed to let Henry out. You certainly wouldn't want all that bright lighting waking you up in the middle of the night.


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You should put the pricing of the services into consideration. It is important that you determine the cost of the transplant that the expert is charging before you decide to select him or her. It is true that you should be ready to back in the back, if you are considering to get the best hair transplant. This is because the hair transplant services are very delicate, that why they are expensive. The best way to find out about the cost of the hair transplant of an expert, you should ask your friends and family. It is not hard to receive information from your friends and family. It is advisable that you get information from your friends and family who have had hair restoration or transplant. With the information that you will have received through your friends and family will help locate hair transplant expert who charges at a fair rate. Having a budget is a crucial aspect that you should always put into consideration because it will take care of all your needs before and after the surgery. Different expert of hair transplant services, they charge differently from one another. You should make sure that you have compared the charges of different expert before you do the selection because it is crucial. In order for you to get a hair transplant expert who charges the amount that is within your budget, you should ensure that you have done proper comparison. You should opt to do the comparison well so that you will not have to spend more money.
A primary factor that you should keep in mind when looking for the hair transplant expert is the reputation. Before you decide to go for the services of the hair transplant expert, you should determine their reputation. It is recommended that you choose the hair transplant expert who has a good reputation. The hair transplant expert who has a good reputation will deliver the best. You will not find it challenging to choose hair transplant expert, who deliver the best because they are known to many. You will learn more concerning the reputation of the hair transplant expert when you use online platforms such as Google. Finding the information that you need in these online platforms is very quick. The feedback of the clients concerning the services of the hair transplant expert, you will find them in these online platforms. It is important that you read the newest testimonials and reviews of the clients.
The experience of the hair transplant expert is something that you should always keep in mind. It is essential that you opt for the services from an experienced hair transplant expert. You should make sure that you have determined the duration of time they have been offering hair transplant services before hiring their services.

industry_corpus2: Health & Medicine


text: Steve (MDiv ’04) began working in the library after graduating from Covenant. As an alumnus, he draws upon his Covenant experience to help current students with their own research, whether through individualized assistance or in-class tutorials. In addition, as a trained librarian, he manages electronic materials and works to ensure the quality of the library’s services. Steve brings to Covenant a passion for applying technology to research and education. When he’s not working, you can often find him walking his neighborhood with his wife, Dorothy, two daughters, Caitlyn and Lindsey, and black lab, Luke.

industry_corpus2: Subject Education


text: Princeton Prospect Foundation provides for periodic free public access to Princeton University’s iconic eating clubs where generations of students have taken meals and socialized in historic and architecturally significant clubhouses that date as far back as 1895. The next open houses will take place over the course of at least two afternoons in the fall semester of 2019 and will be publicized beforehand. There is no fee to visit the clubs during open houses, nor are reservations required.


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Diamond Steel Buildings is the regional authority for your Steel Buildings needs in Alderson, OK. Our mission will be to show you how to prevent the usual blunders of Steel Buildings tasks and make sure that you receive the advantage of our experience and expertise. You will need to do business with a company which appreciates the specific details of your project, your budget, and your options to locate the best solutions to suit your needs. See how we will benefit you by contacting us at 888-472-0380 today.
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At Diamond Steel Buildings, our experience has permitted us to understand that selling cheap Alderson Steel Buildings products doesn’t work because it’ll save consumers money today, but cost them more in the end. This is why all of the products our specialists offer are purchased directly from major manufacturers who do a superb job of backing their products with fantastic warranties that they actually honor. Let our organization's experts tell you more regarding our impressive products by calling 888-472-0380 now!
Throughout the years in business, we’ve noticed that a lot of Alderson, OK Steel Buildings professionals utilize their knowledge to almost belittle customers. Our professionals, however, realize that this isn’t how folks like to be treated, so our pros always pay attention to your ideas and/or goals and offer suggestions if we believe there’s a superior solution.
In choosing a Alderson, OK Steel Buildings business, it’s important to make sure that they’re licensed and insured. Uninsured employees who get injured or damage your property can leave you with a significant financial headache. Fortunately, our business' Steel Buildings experts are insured and licensed, so you’ll never have to worry when you choose our business.
At our Alderson, OK Steel Buildings organization, we believe it’s really crucial to be able to educate customers on a variety of options and to offer fast service, but it’s just as important to be friendly. If we’re thinking of buying from a company, we don’t care how much experience they have or how extraordinary their inventory is if they can’t develop rapport.
Given that you could spend your hard-earned money anywhere, why not reward a company that offers the most durable products? Well, if this sounds like you, you’ll be excited to know that we only order from the top-rated Alderson, Wyoming Steel Buildings manufacturers to stop you from being forced to dole out cash making more changes in the near future.


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This article is based on a talk presented by John Riddell and Ian Angus to the Socialist School in Toronto, October 9, 2004. It has also been serialized in Socialist Worker.
This year is the sixtieth anniversary of the Allied landings in Normandy, and also of another, less remembered event, the uprising by Canadian soldier-conscripts against being sent to Europe to join the fighting.
These two events symbolize the dual character of the Second World War in Canada: a war against Germany and a conflict within Canadian society.
What we call World War II encompassed many different wars, many of them progressive: the Soviet struggle against Nazi invasion, the resistance movement in Nazi-occupied Europe, and the colonial liberation struggle in China, India, and elsewhere. But Canada's war had little relationship to these progressive struggles and was not anti-fascist in character. It formed part of what Leon Trotsky termed a struggle of imperialist slaveholders for a new division of the globe. How did socialists in Canada respond to this conflict?
We have begun work on a history of the Trotskyist movement in Canada from 1928 to 1961, entitled Against the Stream. This is an initial sketch of the chapter on the Second World War.
Many aspects of Canada in 1939 are unfamiliar to us today.
Canada was then part of the British Empire, was automatically part of Britain's wars, and was ruled by an Anglo-Saxon elite who looked with scorn on those not of British extraction.
Within North America, Canada was a bastion of reaction. In the 1930s there was no breakthrough here by unionism, no legislated labor code, no New Deal.
In 1939 Canada was still gripped by depression, with 23% of the work force unemployed.
Most working people dreaded war. In the prewar years, the CCF, predecessor of the NDP, responded with a pacifist stance: support to the League of Nations but opposition to Canada's entering an imperialist war.
In Quebec, there was massive opposition to a war in defense of the British Empire. Resentment was still fierce against Ottawa's imposition of conscription in World War One, which had led to massive demonstrations, pitched battles with police, and widespread acts of resistance across Quebec.
The Canadian government, headed by Mackenzie King, secured Parliament's adoption of a declaration of war on September 8, 1939, through a promise not to conscript men for overseas service.
Civil liberties were the war's first casualty. First the Trotskyists, then the pro-Stalin Communist Party were driven underground. Quebecois antiwar activists were hounded and arrested.
Even the CCF was not immune. When Charlie Millard, head of Canada's steelworkers and a prominent CCFer, spoke critically of the war, he was clapped in jail, and the next day the RCMP raided the Toronto offices of the CIO—the industrial union federation—carting off piles of union documents.
In mid-1940 the government imposed conscription for home defence, along with sweeping controls over the economy and labour power. It interned 110 leaders of the CP, along with German nationals, Quebecois nationalists, and—soon—Canadians of Japanese ancestry.
Coercive measures were also applied to the industrial work force. Young workers could not get a job unless they proved they had applied for and been refused by the armed forces. Industrial workers could not change jobs without the bosses' permission.
Canada's rulers wanted to build a massive military establishment, but there weren’t enough volunteers for overseas service. So in 1942 the King government held a referendum on a proposal to empower it—despite its promises—to send conscripts to fight overseas.
In Quebec a united front campaigned for a "no" vote arguing that the no-conscription pledge had been made to Quebec, so only Quebec could revoke it—in essence, asserting Quebec's right to self-determination.
Result: 72% of Quebec voters, and about 85% of Francophones voted no.
Elsewhere in Canada a significant minority, 20%, voted "no." The outcome was a defeat for King: he had his majority, but was now afraid to use it.
Government efforts now focused on coercing the home-defence conscripts, now derisively termed "Zombies," to volunteer for overseas service. Recruitment posters blanketed the country, war heroes lectured the conscripts, volunteers were incited to harass them; and recalcitrants were demoted and punished.
One general commented, "I hate the sight of French-Canadians." The minister of defense reportedly said that the army could not do anything with Quebeckers. "They can't speak English. Their fighting ability is questionable."
Over time, the Zombies' refusal took on an air of dogged heroism. They enjoyed support in the general population, where 50% of those in their 20s opposed conscription for overseas service.
In November 1944, King ordered that 16,000 conscripts be sent to Europe. In B.C., where most of them were stationed, there was a wave of demonstrations and mutinies. At a base in Terrace B.C., French- and English-speaking troops joined forces, armed themselves, took over the camp, and mounted guns to command the approaches. Popular slogans were "Down with conscription" and "Conscript money as well." One placard read, "We can end the war here at home." Another, "Zombies strike back."
These disturbances died down, but there were recurring bouts of rioting and sit-down strikes. Half the 16,000 went AWOL and only a fifth of the missing men were ever retrieved—a sure sign of strong community support.
The hunt for deserters proved hazardous. In Drummondville, Quebec, on 24 February, a 100-man raiding party was attacked by a mob, their vehicles overturned and smashed, while fighting lasted on the streets for three hours, and scores required hospital treatment.
Even after sending conscripts to Europe, opposition was so high that King had to promise not send them to fight in the Pacific unless they agreed. Result: when Canada's most powerful and prestigious warship, the HMCS Uganda, was ordered to move against Japan, the crew voted overwhelmingly to end their participation in the war and sailed back to a Canadian port.
The struggles of the working class outside the army followed a similar course. The federal government, while rewarding capitalists with lucrative cost-plus contracts, froze workers’ wages, limited the right to strike, and used troops and police to break strikes.
Even this was not enough for the Canadian Manufacturers' Association, which in 1941 termed the CIO unions "foreign-dominated" and "Communist." They were "disrupting" the war effort, "holding up production," and fomenting unrest, the CMA said, calling on the government to outlaw industrial unions.
Yet strikes took place anyway, and forced government and bosses to back off. For example, in a major Hamilton factory, National Steel Car, workers struck in April 1941 to protest the firing of union organizers. The government was forced to take over the plant and hold a recognition vote, which the union won.
That summer, in Quebec, a wildcat strike by 10,000 smelter workers in Arvida led to a plant occupation. The Army was sent in. But the workers held firm, and after five days won a pay raise plus increased rights to use the French language in the plant.
Workers poured into the industrial unions, but many employers continued to deny them recognition. A 1943strike by miners in Kirkland Lake, Ontario, brought matters to a head. A militant 11-week strike for recognition, with wide public support, went down to defeat when the bosses absolutely refused to budge.
The defeat in Kirkland Lake helped move the labor insurgency into political action. The Canadian Congress of Labour, formed in 1940 after the CIO’s industrial unions were expelled from the Trades & Labour Congress, shifted in 1943 to outspoken opposition against the government. It endorsed the CCF, and within a year union locals with 50,000 members affiliated to the party.
The bosses now faced the prospect of a national CCF government closely linked to insurgent labor. In response, they launched a coordinated, well-financed, and near-hysterical campaign against the CCF, charging—to sum up a torrent of abuse—that it was a pro-Nazi, totalitarian, foreign- and Jewish-dominated conspiracy led by academic snobs.
Simultaneously, they moved to concede many of labor's immediate demands. In 1944, the King government finally provided a legal mechanism for union recognition, and enacted Family Allowances—the first major social benefit. More was promised after the war.
What we’ve tried to show so far is that, contrary to the usually presented picture of a country united for a common purpose, the class struggle did not take a holiday during World War II. A majority of Quebecois and a significant minority outside of Quebec opposed conscription. The industrial working class embarked on the biggest strike wave and organizing drive since 1919, a drive that extended into independent labour political action on a massive scale.
This situation posed huge opportunities and challenges for socialists in Canada.
At the end of the 1930s, two organizations dominated the Canadian left—the Communist Party, loyal to the Stalinist leadership of the Soviet Union, and the CCF, a social democratic party that began as an agrarian movement in 1933. They were of similar size and influence in the labour movement.
There was also a third far smaller group, the Socialist Workers League, Canadian section of the Fourth International, usually labeled Trotskyist. It had set itself the goal of building a revolutionary party with a Leninist program in Canada—although given its very small numbers and resources, its immediate goal was to keep that program alive and relevant under extremely adverse conditions.
"We stand resolutely against all participation in imperialist wars…. Canada must refuse to be entangled in any more wars fought to make the world safe for capitalism."
In 1937, CCF leader J.S. Woodsworth proposed a resolution in Parliament which declared that Canada would remain neutral in any war.
But for most of the CCF leadership, those fine words didn’t last a day past the beginning of a real war. In September 1939, the CCF national council voted 13-9 to support the government’s declaration of war. In the House of Commons, only one CCF M.P., party leader J.S. Woodsworth, spoke and voted against the war.
This was a major betrayal of CCF principles, and it’s very likely that a majority of the CCF’s membership would have opposed the war if they had been given a say.
By the time of the 1942 Referendum, the CCF was giving all-out support to the war effort, including conscription. It strongly opposed the anti-conscription movement in Quebec.
However, in important ways the CCF upheld independent labour political action. It consistently ran candidates against the Liberals and Conservatives, despite intense pressure to do otherwise, coming from the Communist Party, which wanted it to ally with the Liberals, and from the Liberals, who wanted free rides for new Cabinet Ministers in by-elections.
In Ontario and B.C. many, perhaps most of its candidates were union activists and leaders.
Above all, the CCF-oriented leaders of Canadian Congress of Labour refused to join the old-line Trades & Labour Congress in a "No Strike" pledge, and led many militant strikes during the war years. In 1943, despite the war, more workers went on strike than in any year since 1919—and most of those strikes were led by CCF members.
The CCF’s support for independent labour political action, and for the right of workers to organize and fight, won it substantial support in the new industrial unions and among labour militants. That in turn won it growing electoral support—it received a plurality of the votes in B.C. in 1941, became the official opposition in Ontario in 1943, and formed the government in Saskatchewan in 1944.
On the other hand, the CCF’s support of the war was part of a steady move to the right. Although the Regina Manifesto remained official party policy until 1956, dumping the policy on war in 1939 was just part of a long-term trend away from even a reformist-vision of socialism, towards welfare capitalism.
We would scarcely have expected the CCF to follow revolutionary policies, but the Communist Party of Canada was ostensibly Leninist. Nevertheless, its policies and actions during World War II bore little resemblance to the anti-war policies Lenin advocated in the previous World War.
Lenin condemned any support to the inter-imperialist war. Even after the Russian Revolution, when Russia was fighting German invasion, Lenin never suggested that revolutionaries in England and France should support their government’s war effort in order to protect the new Soviet government. Sadly, that’s what the Communist International—and of course its Canadian party—did between 1939 and 1945.
Until 1939, Stalin’s foreign policy aimed to build alliances between the democracies and the Soviet Union against German fascism and Japanese imperialism. As part of the effort to win the confidence of the "democratic capitalists," the parties of the Communist International favored suspending the class struggle in the capitalist democracies.
In August 1939, Stalin suddenly changed direction. Having failed to win an alliance with Britain, he signed a treaty with Germany. Germany invaded Poland just days after the Stalin-Hitler pact was signed.
This stand led to the party being outlawed. Many of its leaders were imprisoned without trial, and others, including Tim Buck, fled to the United States.
The CP set up "Tim Buck Plebiscite Committees" to fight for a "yes" vote in the 1942 referendum. The CP’s press, which had hailed Montreal mayor Camillien Houde as an anti-war hero, now condemned him and the entire Quebec nationalist movement as fascist.
In 1943 the Communist party regained legal status by renaming itself the "Labor Progressive Party." The LPP’s founding program specifically advocated universal conscription and urged the labour movement to voluntarily abstain from strikes for the duration of the war.
Remember, this was 1943, the year in which there were more strikes than any time since 1919. Canadian workers were joining the new industrial unions by the tens of thousands, and striking in nearly unprecedented numbers to win better pay and working conditions—but the Communist Party was officially and vehemently opposed to all strikes. In its newspapers, on the shop floor, in union meetings and during actual strikes, the CP fought for a no-strike policy.
In electoral politics, the Communist Party advanced a program that was well to the right of the CCF—for example, it explicitly opposed the CCF’s call for socialism as sectarian and ultraleft!
More importantly, from June 1941 on, the CP consistently opposed independent labour political action, campaigning instead for an electoral alliance between labour and the Liberal Party. The main practical result of this was the defeat of CCF candidates in ridings where the Liberals used the LPP’s proposed alliance to split the labour vote.
In the most extreme case, in 1945, a member of the Communist party who ran against the CCF as a "UAW-Liberal-Labour" candidate was elected to the Ontario legislature and sat as a member of the Liberal Caucus.
The Trotskyist Socialist Workers League was tiny by any standard—it had fewer than 100 members in 1939.
Still, it did what it could to oppose the imperialist war. The day after war was declared, the SWL held a street corner meeting in Toronto, at Brunswick and Bloor, to denounce the war. At that meeting Frank Watson became the first person to be arrested imprisoned under the Defense of Canada Regulations—that repressive law was so new that copies weren’t available for the prosecutor to use during his trial!
The Socialist Workers League was illegal throughout the war. No printer would produce its newspaper or leaflets, and the publications of its U.S. co-thinkers in the Socialist Workers Party were stopped at the border. Many members dropped away—and many, especially those outside of major cities, lost contact, because even the mails weren’t safe.
Still the organization did whatever was possible to get its program out. It published some issues of a mimeographed magazine, and produced leaflets that it distributed by tossing them off tall building rooftops into lunch-time crowds, or by inserting them into Marxist books on the shelves of the public library. Trotskyists who were in the army smuggled pamphlets and newspapers across the border from Buffalo in their baggy uniform trousers.
They used whatever organizational means were available to them, In Prince Rupert, for example, Trotskyist leader Paddy Stanton organized a boxing club to provide a cover for labor militants to meet.
Most of the SWL’s members in Ontario and B.C. joined the CCF, and played a part both in the CCF itself and in the CCL unions. In British Columbia, in particular, Trotskyists led the left-wing opposition to the CP leadership of the International Woodworkers Union—shortly after the war, they were elected as leaders of the major local there.
When the anti-conscription movement exploded in Quebec in 1942, the Toronto branch sent one of its members to Montreal to make contact. Landon Ladd was not only well-received, he was invited to speak at a mass anti-conscription rally in Montreal on March 24. Andre Laurendeau, who later described the event in his book, La crise de la conscription, said the applause that greeted the his speech was "thunderous."
"He was certainly," Laurendeau wrote, "the only English-Canadian speaker in a League meeting ever to express, in English, an anti-conscription point of view."
Ladd’s experience helped educate the small Trotskyist movement about the potential of the Quebec nationalist movement, at a time when all the rest of the left was writing it off as at best backward, at worst fascist. That education helped ensure that the Trotskyists—again unlike all the rest of the left—responded positively when Quebec nationalism exploded again in the 1960s.
Ross Dowson, a machinist in his 20s who became the main leader of the Toronto branch early in the war, made two cross-country organizing tours, hitch-hiking from town to town to reunite the individuals and small groups that had become isolated by wartime restrictions and censorship. Remarkably, they were able to pull together an underground national conference in Montreal in 1944. That meeting decided to launch a public newspaper, Labor Challenge, in 1945—and that newspaper was the organizer that pulled together the SWL members from the thirties and wartime recruits into a new organization, the Revolutionary Workers Party.
The war ended on August 14, 1945. On August 20, the government tried to force Canadian soldiers to work in industrial jobs, but under army discipline and for army pay. In Oakville the soldiers carried out sit-down strikes, walkouts and other protests. These protests forced an end to the slave labour program within five days. A key leader of the protest, a private who had resigned a captain’s commission to stay with his comrades in the ranks, was Ross Dowson. He was discharged two months later and became National Secretary of the Revolutionary Workers Party.
In August 1945, the Trotskyist and Stalinist newspapers both ran large front-page headlines to mark the end of the war.
Labor Challenge: "THERE IS NO PEACE!"
Canadian Tribune: "A-BOMB KO’s JAPS!"
In just a few words, those headlines summed up the difference between the revolutionary policy and program of Trotskyism, and the conservatism social-patriotism of Stalinism.
The wave of wartime struggles enabled labor to achieve a breakthrough—Canada was no longer an anti-union bastion among capitalist powers. But the failure of the CCF and the Communist Party to provide leadership and a class struggle program during World War II had profound short and long-term consequences.
The Social Democrats and Stalinists didn’t just abstain from the anti-conscription movement—they opposed and condemned the movement and the Quebec nationalism that underlay it. They provided no alternative leadership to the right-wing nationalists, effectively handing Quebec over to Duplessis on a platter. They missed a major opportunity to build the left in Quebec, and socialism in Quebec remains weak to this day.
The underlying motivation for the Communist Party’s policy in the labour movement between 1941 and 1945 was the view that protecting the Soviet Union was the overriding task of the international working class—and that suspending the class struggle in countries allied with the USSR was the best way to achieve that. This policy of subordinating the Canadian class struggle to the needs of Stalinist diplomacy was a disaster.
The CP did make some short-term gains. It elected some MPs and MLAs, and it won some support in the conservative Trades & Labour Congress unions.
But at the same time it alienated the militants who were building the CCL, ensuring that it had few allies on the left when the anti-communist witch-hunts came after the war. Its anti-Quebec stance led to the split of most of its Québécois cadre; another left-wing split took place in B.C. Deprived of its wartime alliance with the Liberals, the isolated Communist Party quickly lost most of its influence in the unions in the postwar years.
The Trotskyists were far too few and too scattered to have a major impact, but they emerged from the war with a far stronger organization than they had at the beginning. They were well-respected in several major unions, and were playing leadership roles in the left-wing of the CCF and labour movement.
At the beginning of the war, the SWL’s main leaders were middle-class academics. Few of those survived the intense pro-war pressure—so by the end of the war the group’s entire membership and leadership was solidly rooted in the industrial working class and the new industrial unions.
Even more important, the Trotskyists preserved their revolutionary program, learned to explain and promote it in conditions of repression and illegality, and even evolved it through the experience in Quebec. They had laid a firm basis for the next wave of radicalization, which came in the 1960s.

industry_corpus2: Politics & Administration


text:
An attack on patient advocacy?
Are you in Knoxville? Watch for EPA!
As announced here several weeks ago, my Every Patient’s Advocate columns can now be found in the Knoxville News Sentinel — and today is the debut. This is my official date of syndication! I now have two regular publications carrying my column — and hope to add many more.
Find “Take Your Pills Seriously” in the February issue of WELL Magazine.


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Marketing automation has been around for a while but its only in the last 5 years that the benefits of automated marketing have trickled down to small business entrepreneurs. Now, by spending a few hundred dollars a month, you are able to target your users accurately with the same tools used by tech big wigs such as Google and Facebook.
Email is the perfect starting point to reach your members. You can make it almost entirely automated, which makes email a good starting point for any fitness business that wants to test out automation.
Choose an online automation tool with the ability to build email campaigns (like MailChimp or Klaviyo) and segment your audience into different lists depending on whether they are prospects or customers, time since their last visit, whether they are near the end of their contract, etc . This lets you precisely target your email marketing to the customers you want to see it.
Couple of things to keep in mind when doing text message marketing campaigns – get the users permission before sending them messages and be compliant with the opt-in and opt-out processes for setting up these types of campaigns.
While the reach of organic posts on Social Media has gone down drastically over the last couple of years, it still remains a vital channel to engage with your members, especially current members who follow your page for updates.
One social media feature that still seems to work well is events. People still follow events primarily on Facebook and it still remains a good way to organize events and let people know about updates at your business.
But it also makes sense to use a tool such as Hootsuite or SproutSocial to schedule things to post on social media. This way you can plan your content calendar ahead on Monday or Friday and queue all the posts inside your social media automation tool. This way your social media posting will be on auto-pilot and you can focus on more important things that are part of your business.
Gone are the days when you have to master Wordpress or learn to code to create a simple landing page for your business or for a specific event. You can now use tools such as Squarespace or Instapage to create landing pages within an hour or two.
Today’s fitness market has evolved from humble beginnings until a multi-billion-dollar industry. As competition continues to increase and more options become available to consumers, only the fitness clubs that provide exceptional services and experiences are able to rise above the noise. In our Fitness Club Spotlight series, we are going to take a look at gyms and wellness centers around the country that are doing this well. Today’s subject: Throwback Fitness.
Founded in 2014, Throwback Fitness has won multiple awards and top-gym lists due to the simple fact that founders Ryan Wilke and Brian Gallagher have discovered a way to make working out fun. While other gyms focus on the results you can achieve at their locations, Throwback is dedicated to the customer experience. Let’s take a look at how this focus on the customer has helped them create one of the most unique exercise experiences in the country.
Throwback Fitness began with a simple idea: to recreate the feeling of group gym classes and recess from the days before kids even knew the word exercise. Most adults today see working out as just another thing on their list to be crossed off, but founders Ryan and Brian wanted to create something their members would look forward to.
By infusing their classes with teamwork, competition, accountability, and nostalgia, Throwback Fitness has been able to find the perfect balance of fun while providing a killer workout in the process. On top of that, Throwback Fitness plays music from the 80s and 90s in their gyms to enhance the experience and maintain a lighthearted environment. It’s clear just from their website that this is not your average fitness club.
This is the reason why Throwback Fitness has received write-ups in Refinery29 and other sites: the exceptional customer experience. Customers are no longer interested in products and services as they are in a wonderful customer experience. In fact, one of the best customer retention strategies fitness clubs can employ is a focus on customer experience.
Through creating an experience that leaves members both satisfied and wanting to come back for more, Throwback Fitness is able to keep their existing members while growing their base. Instead of having to worry about members dreading the gym, Throwback Fitness members look forward to their classes the same way they would recess growing up. As it turns out, nostalgia is a powerful customer retention tool.
In reality, Throwback Fitness is only evidence of something many of us have already understood: nostalgia sells. There are countless examples of big brands harnessing the power of nostalgia to bring customers back again and again. Now, while this isn’t something everyone can do to the extent of Throwback Fitness, it is worth taking note that finding a specific niche that members connect with is an important part creating an exceptional customer experience.
For example, CrossFit has grown into a fitness powerhouse by focusing on a single issue that their customers connected with. While CrossFit made their focus fitness, other companies can do the same by lasering in on one area and doing that better than anyone.
Now, obviously Throwback Fitness is doing something right when it comes to customer engagement, as they are able to consistently fill their classrooms. In order to learn from their success, we need to take a closer look at their strategy and what makes it work. Next, we will look at three different areas that all fitness clubs and gyms can improve in order to maximize customer retention.
As we mentioned earlier, one of the ways in which Throwback Fitness sets itself apart is by finding a niche and sticking with it. For them, the nostalgia of the 80s and 90s as well as of simpler days in school has been enough to keep them going, but what this mean for other fitness studios?
It all comes down to finding what sets you apart from other gyms and making sure your members know what that is. From your SMS marketing to your customer loyalty program to the signage at your gym, customers need to be reminded what made them choose you over the other fitness clubs in their area. As long as you can keep that competitive edge, members won’t have a reason to look elsewhere for their fitness needs.
The next thing we can learn from Throwback Fitness is to find what works and run with it. When Ryan and Brian first started creating an environment similar to their school’s recess, they likely didn’t know what they had. It wasn’t until others began to catch on that they say the true potential of their business.
When you are first starting out, you may attempt many different strategies to increase gym memberships. Some will work, and others will fail. Take these struggles for what they are and once you find something that clicks with your audience, focus on that. It may not be what you originally thought would work for you, but as long as it does, you should be trying to improve that area as much as possible.
The final piece of the puzzle for Throwback Fitness involves their strategy for retaining customers which is simple: keep members engaged. Although they offer specific classes on their course schedule, dedicated members of Throwback Fitness can pay a flat fee to enjoy any of the classes available. The simple fact that they can offer this shows that they understand how to keep their members engaged, no matter what the class or workout involved actually is.
This should be a lesson to other fitness clubs: the specifics of your strategy are not as important as creating an exceptional customer experience. Your members will respond to the feeling they get when they enter your gym more than how much membership costs or what machines you have available. Focus on that feeling and you will have customers for life.
In an industry that has become oversaturated with digital marketing channels, increased competition, and a lack of customer loyalty, some businesses are looking to change the game with fantastic customer engagement and experiences. One such company is FitMetrix, which helps fitness clubs and wellness centers to focus on their customers and deliver an exceptional experience.
Even though FitMetrix has only been around since 2013, they have made a significant splash in the fitness industry. In this article, we are going to look at the FitMetrix story, along with how they have found success and why focusing on the customer experience is the best option for fitness clubs moving forward. Without further ado, let’s start at the beginning.
Founded in 2013 by Monica Dioda and Josh Lloyd, FitMetrix began as a solution built around group training, but has evolved into something much bigger. By making strategic partnerships in the fitness industry, FitMetrix was able to add some key integrations early on that made it easy for fitness owners to get on board. However, unlike other platforms, FitMetrix decided to take the solution to the clubs.
Instead of hosting everything on their site, FitMetrix creates unique experiences for each of their clients, creating mobile apps and websites that focus on the customer. Along with that, members can track everything right through the app they create for their clients, meaning customers can do everything right within the club’s website or app. By focusing on making the customer experience painless and easy, FitMetrix helps fitness brands retain more customers.
Looking to retain more customers at your fitness club? Download our free ebook!
One of the key aspects of FitMetrix’s offering is that the fitness members can monitor their activity, both at the gym and in the comfort of their own homes. Then, from there, clients of FitMetrix have access to their user’s engagement metrics and can see where they are in their fitness journey and how best to serve them.
FitMetrix then encourages members to stay engaged through fitness competitions, global leaderboards, and more. They also allow their clients to send personalized messaging to help make it simple for their customers to interact with these fitness brands. All of this together creates a good experience for both FitMetrix’s clients as well as their customers.
When you are fighting the uphill battle to reduce churn rate, a data-driven approach is one of the best tools you can have in your arsenal. FitMetrix has been able to make data a huge focus due to the fact that they are constantly taking in new data directly from the customers they are helping.
This should be a good lesson for other fitness owners hoping to improve both their customer engagement and retention. User engagement platforms can not only help keep your customers attention, but you can learn a great deal from analyzing how they engage with you. However, collecting the data is only part of the equation, you also need to actually use it to create a fantastic customer experience.
In the same way that UI and UX designers must create a user interface that works specifically for their end-users, as marketers we must create customer experiences that line up with your audience’s values. This is why data is essential to customer retention and engagement. Unless you understand your audience, you will have a hard time serving them well.
However, once you do have that data, you can plan out a customer journey and continuously optimize it. As your customers change, so too will your experience design need to change. This is what FitMetrix understands and it is the reason they have become so successful.
Although they began only 5 years ago, it hasn’t taken FitMetrix long to find their value and place in the market. In fact, just a month ago they were acquired by MindBody and now have an even greater chance of reaching more customers to create great experiences. This acquisition shows what we here at Gleantap have known for some time: that customers are now less concerned with products and services, and more interested in customer experiences.
Other brands, not just in the fitness sector, should take note of this and take another look at their customer service teams and journey. Are you providing the best possible experience for your customers? How could you improve?
One of the ways FitMetrix was able to stand out from the crowd was with their smart integrations and partnerships with their platform. Even before their acquisition with Mindbody, they were working with them to offer a better customer experience to their clients. They also partnered with Perkville to enhance customer loyalty, another growing area in customer facing businesses.
Making the right partnerships early on can take your business to the next level. That is one of the reasons why Gleantap partners with top players in the fitness market, to make the experience simple and easy for our club owners.
Due to the level of customization and personalization that FitMetrix provides their clients, they do not have a set revenue model for most of their services. That being said, this sort of model works well for companies that have a product that can be scaled based on the circumstances. For instance, you would not offer the same product to a large chain as you would that of a boutique club.
There is an obvious push for better customer experiences both in the world of fitness and customer retention marketing, with the variable being “What are you going to do about it?” Although it can seem overwhelming to small business owners, there are options available to you for tackling this problem head on.
For example, SMS marketing connects you with your entire audience in seconds. A focus on customer engagement can help your customers find value in new ways. Each of these is within your reach and the effect it can have can be revolutionary. So, again, we ask: What are you going to do about it?


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Kyle Moir, 44, an Investment Planner from Toronto, Canada shares highlights from his recent boys golf weekend in Memphis Tennessee.
Q- Where did you travel to?
Q – What for and for how long?
The trip was three nights, four days with a group of guy friends. The focus was golf, local food, and blues bars.
Q – How many items did you fit into The Quartermaster Homme?
30 including toiletries, golf attire, and casual dining apparel.
Q- Highlights of the trip?
For golf, the Mirimichi Golf Course in Millington, TN and The Ridges at Village Creek Golf Course in Wynne, Arkansa, which is part of the State Park. Best meals were at Central BBQ and Gus’s World Famous Fried Chicken – pack Pepto! Nightlife highlights were BB King’s Blues Club and Mr. Handy’s Blues Hall on iconic Beale Street. If you’re into sports and outdoors, you can’t pass up on the Bass Pros Shops at the Pyramid.
Q – Is there an item that you won’t travel without?
Jack Black Double-Duty Face Moisturizer with SPF 20. My wife bought it for me as she knows I don’t often wear sunscreen. The packaging size is carry-on friendly and ideal for long days on the golf course.
Q – What’s your favorite part of the Ebby Rane travel experience?
The tech carryall is a lifesaver. It reminds me to pack my chargers before I go and to unplug them from the hotel room and bring them home.

industry_corpus2: Travel & Geography


text: $150. This mini football game will become one of the most popular additions to your party and bounce house rental business. With its sports theme, it fits into any type of celebration from birthdays to outdoor barbecues, which means it is perfectly suited for entertaining guests during every season. Its size also makes it ideal for older kids and adults to test out their throwing arm as they compete to see who hits the goal. Includes football.


text:
Jönssonligan: Går på Djupetis a puzzle-solving point-and-click adventure game based on the Swedish comedic films which uses the same characters but a new plot. The player directly controls the three characters, Charles-Ingvar "Sickan" Jönsson, Ragnar Vanheden and Harry "Dynamit-Harry" Kruth. They all share the same inventory, the characters move altogether when walking onto a new area. You interact with your surroundings picking up and interacting with items that the player need to figure out the use of by interacting with the world.
Game plot: Somewhere in Stockholm's archipelago on the bottom of the sea rests the 17th century man-of-war named Spire and on that ship lies a treasure which Jönssonligan can't refuse!

industry_corpus2: Gaming


text:
Several years ago while we were in Dodoma I was asked to write a chapter for a book compilation of stories of Aussie missionary mums. For the Joy has now been published and launched.
“From the desert to the mountains, from remote far-flung places to some of the most populated cities in the world, For the Joy brings together 21 unique perspectives on what it’s really like being a mother on the mission field.
I was asked to make a short video for the launch, reflecting on some of what I wrote in my chapter and what has changed for me.
You can purchase For The Joy at The Wandering Bookseller, Reformed Bookshop, or Koorong.
I’m really looking forward to reading this, Tamie!

industry_corpus2: Literature & Emotions


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procedure and format for applying for a grant.
may have in some way created.
purposes. Obviously, the primary goal is to secure funding for an idea.
may meet with greater success.
professionalism and may increase the odds in your favor.
on the proposal. Foundations may be more interested in the concept involved.
Organizations may place more weight on your connection with them.
How do you find out where to locate grant money? Research is the key.
some entities fund, and where to look to find out more.
riding programs would require this as a minimum for a "start-up" phase.
seminar or conference. This is a project-based example.
and trail development and improvement projects through government funding.
will be through a member of the congregation.
discovered through your local newspaper, librarian, and organization member.
stalls or a run-in shed.
I - Summary - Presents a full overview of your proposal.
the one to do this job.
and the objectives required to reach the outcome.
both during and after the project.
VII - Budget - Accounts for both cash and non-cash resources.
Income and Expense statement or annual report are examples.
~ Did I approach the correct grant makers?
what they were interested in matched what I am doing?
best choice for the job?
aren't appropriate, and that the problem is a fixable problem?


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Ozone is one of the best gases out there. It is versatile in killing all types of bacteria and is a resilient atom that is unstable, in a good way.
Ozone makes you tired or worn down when you first start drinking ozonated water, that is because your body is essentialy detoxifying or cleaning out the bad stuff.
Once you have no bacteria or viruses for it to attack, you will start feeling the benefits immediately.
Cleaner skin, better skin tone, thinking clearly and having more energy are just some of the benifits.
I had 2 ozone generators for my cat litter boxes. When I installed one above my bed, I fell asleep in 5-10 minutes instead of the usual 30-60 minutes.
So I got interested in making ozone water.
Note: You'll have to add a 120V AC Plug, yourself. Or cut, strip, tape an extension cord. Use electrical tape to cover the metal tube also and keep from getting Hi Voltage shock.
2. Ebay has 2 - 12" ozone resistant tubing pieces and 2 stones for $8 total. Search "ozone tubing".
3. You'll need a $15 Aquarium Air Pump too.
The hardest part is adding the 120V Plug. You don't need to solder it. Just twist the wires together and wrap with electrical tape so they don't touch each other. Find someone who knows how to do that.

industry_corpus2: Biopharmaceuticals


text:
The Opengear CM7100 is a highly reliable and powerful console server that radically simplifies out-of-band access and management of your critical IT and network infrastructure. Emergency troubleshooting with lightning fast out-of-band access to serial consoles, via your preferred SSH client or easy-to-use HTTPS GUI. Minimize downtime with pre-emptive alert notifications and built-in dashboard for status at a glance.
The CM7100 comes with 16, 32 or 48 serial ports to enable reliable and secure access to serial console ports on routers, switches, servers, firewalls, PDUs, UPSes and other data center infrastructure devices from a variety of vendors. The CM7100 features Cisco-straight pinout for Cat 5 patch cabling to Cisco-style RJ45 consoles — no adapters or special cables necessary. Class leading performance enables immediate access to consoles via your preferred SSH client or integrated HTTPS AJAX web terminal. Gain immediate access to consoles via your preferred SSH client or integrated HTTPS AJAX web terminal.
Advanced monitoring notifies you of server kernel panics, network console warnings, unplugged cables and environmental alarms. 4GB embedded storage stores console session logs for audit and forensics, and TFTP server for remote backup and restore of managed device configuration, OS upgrades and recovery. The CM7100 also comes standard with a limited 4-year warranty and responsive one-on-one support — all of this at a very competitive per-port price point. When it comes to console management, the CM7100 is the best value for your money!
The CM7100 comes standard with single or dual AC internal power supplies supporting automatic failover for increased uptime. Dual Gigabit Ethernet ports facilitate connecting the CM7100 to both primary/production and secondary/management networks, or link aggregation. The CM7100 has been designed to integrate with your existing management tools and workflow, and is compatible with Opengear Lighthouse centralized management to support very large data center and geographically dispersed installs.
The CM7100 supports Active Directory, OpenLDAP, Kerberos, RADIUS and TACACS+ enterprise AAA systems with local fallback. Default-deny security policies lock down remote access to permitted users and groups. The CM7100 is FIPS 140-2 certified for military grade applications and supports encryption of sensitive management traffic via HTTPS, SSH and VPN, including IPsec and OpenVPN.

industry_corpus2: Computing & Telecommunications


text:
You have a Paypal account and you want to find ways to make that balance grow. So how do you do that? Start selling digital products online and get paid right into your account with Paypal. Software, books, music, videos and much more can be sold online quickly and easily. The best part is that you don’t need a large amount of startup cash to begin selling these digital products….
Are you a crafting enthusiasts who wishes you had the skill set to break into the world of online sales? If so, you may just have the know-how you need to start your own business selling downloads online. How Can Crafters Sell Digital Downloads? Most crafters specialize in an area which has a digital equivalent, they may just not realize it. Knitters can sell digital downloads of their original patterns….


text: bur. Jolicure, Westm. Co. NB; Presb. Church Cem.


text:
We have been searching ahead to even better cooperation with overseas buyers dependant on mutual benefits. Be sure to really feel totally free to speak to us for Dc To Ac Power Supply , dc to ac power supply , Poe Power Supply , We've been sincerely seeking ahead to cooperate with shoppers everywhere in the earth. We consider we are able to satisfy along with you. We also warmly welcome buyers to visit our manufacturing facility and purchase our products.
"The corporate upholds the philosophy of ""Be No.1 in quality, be rooted on credit rating and trustworthiness for growth"", will proceed to serve aged and new buyers from home and abroad whole-heatedly for Dc To Ac Power Supply , dc to ac power supply , Poe Power Supply , All styles appear on our website are for customizing. We meet up to personal requirements with all products of your very own styles. Our concept is to help presenting the confidence of each buyers with the offering of our most sincere service and the right product.

industry_corpus2: Power & Energy


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Barbecue sauce has earned its place at many a table, and rightly so. The condiment is just downright delicious!
Let’s face it, (momentary pause to keep from salivating), barbecue sauce goes with just about everything! Except your clothes.
Find out more about the origins of barbecue sauce, and how to keep yourself free from barbecue stains after a savory meal.
Read about the origins of one of America's most beloved condiments.
▸ Tomato or not Tomato?
Is it, or isn't it? Uncover the truth about the formula behind barbecue sauce.
Enjoy your food without having to worry about barbecue stains with these stain removal hacks.
The exact origins of the word barbecue are unknown.
What is known is that barbecue actually refers to a method of slowly roasting meat over an open flame.
History suggests that it originated from the Caribbean. Barbaca was used by the Taino people to describe the practice of cooking game slowly over an open fire. This became Barbacoa upon arrival of the Spaniards to the Caribbean.
…giving it that distinct can’t-get-enough-of-it (which is why I’ve got some on my t-shirt) flavor.
Okay, so we have established how good Barbecue sauce is.
It’s so freaking good that people are using it in dishes that don’t require grilling!
So what happens when some of that good barbecue sauce finds its way onto your new duds or your favorite shirt?
Be fearless in the face of your food, and eat without worry.
These stain removal hacks will keep your clothes cleaner than your plate!
Pro Tip: Use a spoon, or the blunt side of a butter knife (this will save your fingers, garment, and surroundings from any further mess).
With your chosen utensil, remove any extra BBQ sauce from the garment to keep it from spreading.
Note: Cold water is the way to go for this type of stain removal.
Hot water will not only set the stain in the fabric.
That will set you up for a stain removal nightmare.
Take your garment, turn it inside out, and run some cold water through the stain from behind -forcibly removing the sauce from the fabric (the same way it came).
*This can lighten the stain. Feel free to leave your clothes in running water for a couple of minutes or longer if you notice that the stain is fading.
Note: If you’ve run out of liquid laundry soap, you can try using a mild dish soap.
Liquid detergent is a powerful stain removal tool, even before you start the wash! Remove the greasy components of BBQ Sauce by pre-treating the stain with some liquid detergent.
Soak the stain thoroughly with liquid detergent, and gently work the detergent into the fabric with your fingers.
Allow your garment to sit (10 minutes max).
Rinse your clothing in tepid water.
Disclaimer: Bleach will lighten unwanted parts of your garment (if used incorrectly).
You can try this on a small, hidden part of your clothes, or if you don’t feel too confident about using this method, you can go on ahead and try the next stain removal hack!
If it’s white (or colorfast), why not coconut?
Hydrogen peroxide, lemon juice, and white vinegar are mild bleaching agents that you can use on white fabrics.
Dab a sponge into the bleaching agent and apply it on to the stain.
Rinse the garment, and refer to the liquid detergent hack.
Repeat this process until there is no trace of the stain.
Yes, stain removers -removing stains is their game!
Then launder that dirty garment!
•Make sure you don’t let the stain remover dry on the garment, and make sure the stain is completely removed before laundering.
•Watch out for the faint ring that forms the borders of the stain.
•Allowing the stain to dry will set it for good.
Work some liquid detergent (or dishwashing soap, whichever you’ve got) into the stain.
Leave your garment to soak in warm water for about 30 minutes.
Rinse thoroughly and allow the garment to air dry.
Once you’re sure the stain is completely gone, launder the garment as usual.


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(VOVWORLD) - Various activities are underway to mark the Hung Kings’ death anniversary and celebrate the Hung Kings Festival.
The Hung Kings Festival opens on April 12, 2019, in Phu Tho, Vietnam.
Delegations from 7 communes and towns, adjacent to Hung Kings relic site, took part in a palanquin procession with offerings to Hung Kings’ temple on Friday in Phu Tho province. The ceremony has been organized for thousands of years by the Vietnamese to pay tribute to their ancestors and reflects the tradition of remembering the source of the water one drinks.
The same day, a contest of making the traditional “banh chung” or square glutinous rice cakes and “banh day” or glutinous rice cakes was held by organizers of the Hung Kings’ festival.


text: The SVMPO welcomes Ms. Catarina Porter, a Civil Engineering student from BYU, Idaho, for a 7 month internship. Ms. Porter is in her Sophomore year at BYU and is interested in the policy and planning aspects of developing transportation projects. She will be assisting the SVMPO in updating our regional employment database, a transit stop inventory and supporting active projects that are being initiated this Spring.

industry_corpus2: Transportation


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You can cheer your friends on Easter with the help of funny cards. Check out free funny Easter greeting cards.
Easter is the time to enjoy and have fun. There are a number of ways by which you can add spice to the whole event and its celebrations. Sending funny cards to your friends and relatives is one of the smartest ways to spruce things up. Funny greeting cards can be sent to anybody in a healthy spirit. Mostly, children are really fond of funny Easter cards. Funny cards for kids contain colorful pictures, drawings of Easter symbols. This is accompanied by a short rhyme, short message or quote.
Apart from this, funny cards are available for free on the web. There are many websites which provide this facility, using which you can tickle the funny bone of the people around. You can send free funny cards to your friends to cheer them up and add an extra sunshine in their lives. Unlike spiritual or religious cards, funny cards focus on the lighter side of the event with the pure intention of healthy entertainment.
These types of greeting cards usually depict the hallmarks of Easter, which are primarily the Easter bunny and eggs. Their comic depiction is really humorous, which would make anyone smile. Along with this, the card has a comic content, which is equally hilarious keeping in mind the mood of the whole design. It can include jokes, one liner, two liners, short funny poem, funny story, and so on. So, send out a funny Easter card this year and see people break out into a wide smile!


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Download Lagu Araba Oyunu mp3 di Lagu Gratis website. Lihat video Araba Oyunu Terbaru. Single yang bertajuk "Araba Oyunu" ini hanya untuk review, dapatkan CD Original dengan kualitas terbaik di situs Itunes.
Note: Before downloading Araba Oyunu, you can preview any Video by mouse over the PLAY VIDEO button and click Play or Click DOWNLOAD button to download hd quality mp4 or Mp3 files. Search results from YouTube will be first converted, afterwards the file can be downloaded but search results from other sources can be downloaded right away as an MP4 file without any conversion or forwarding.


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Water is the most efficient element of life. We use water from drinking to agriculture, farming, manufacturing etc. The water crisis is the number one global risk on impact to society as a measure of devastation. In the near future, water sanitation and scarcity will become the global crisis, as freshwater resources that we can access could not keep up with the demand of the water consumption. Currently, ⅘ of the world population do not have access to clean water. With a billion more people to feed by 2025 and increasing industrialization, nature itself can no longer regenerate itself. Natural water, from river, lake, and ocean, has been contaminated by human activities. What if we could be able to help accelerate the natural water purification process? As a result, improving the current condition of those living in poverty with contaminated water and transforming water resources in nature to be potable water in order provide a solution for future water scarcity in the next ten years.
In 2025, Rotterdam will host the World Expo under the theme “Changing Currents” With the ambitious is to turn environment challenge to economic opportunity. During the Expo, Hydrobody will be a hub of purification park that allowing visitors to full-bodily experience the process of water purification.
Hydro-Body will serve as a mechanism body to purify water as well as a didactic role model of future passive sustainable water treatment and uses. Unlike the traditional water plants that are inaccessible by the public. The design strategy will focus on specifically on natural purification technique, involving four layers of filtration, namely: plant, bacteria, sand and charcoal. The pavilion will be divided in four main spaces, using each material's characteristic. The spatial quality inside each space will be enhanced by interactive components dealing with water purification in which will be activated by the visitors.People are walking into the pavilion as if they are a part of a cell entering a host body.
The Flow of the people and water will shape the landscape and form a pavilion. By inserting, the node points and attractors points of people in the site according to the function needed for the world expo pavilion such as car parking,Ferry terminal, Bike lane, cafe, service spaces, lobby and water purification circulation, the Flowline pattern is generated. The strategy is to use the these lines, to create the landscape and shape of the pavilion. We try to merge the pavilion to the landscape as one.
In each space, there is many interactive components that allow people to experience being inside individual materials. The pavilion has four different characteristics.
Furthermore, the Pavilion as a whole is one living organism that could communicate within itself. It is a body with veins, running with pipes through the pavilion. The design aims to create a pavilion that will integrate building components: floor, wall, column, ceiling with building services such as water pipe, lighting, and ventilation system. The program and space will be divided according to the layer of filtration: plant, bacteria, sand, and charcoal. The pipes allow them to communicate with each other. At the end, the drinkable water will be produced and the visitors can enjoy this purified water in the lobby before they leave the pavilion.
Examine the societal dimension of your proposal by linking the urban and local scales and showing how your proposal is adapted to each. There are clear scientific principles that make your building perform, take them into account from a design point of view. Identify the inputs and outputs of your system and integrate the spatial qualities associated to each into a complete user experience.Develop a detailed 3D model that incorporates all the qualities you aim for.
This page was last modified on 3 February 2016, at 05:56.

industry_corpus2: Water Resources & Marine


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“Without this there would be no Life of Brian,” said Roger Koeppel, editor-in-chief of the German newspaper Die Welt, claiming that his decision to republish the Danish cartoons of the prophet Muhammad that have caused such offence to many Muslims was a free speech issue. “It’s at the very core of our culture that the most sacred things can be subjected to criticism, laughter and satire.” That is true, but it is not the only truth.
Europeans did not overthrow the power of Christian religious authorities to kill people who disputed their version of the truth just to hand it to Islamic religious authorities several centuries later. There is no contradiction, however, between asserting the right of free speech and condemning those who use it to inflict gratuitous pain on others. Particularly when it is the powerful abusing the vulnerable.
Jyllands-Posten, which originally published the series of twelve cartoons about the Muhammad over four months ago, has the largest circulation of any Danish newspaper. Denmark’s Muslim community, only 170,000 strong, is one of the most marginalised and beleaguered in Europe, and the governing coalition includes a large party that is explicitly anti-immigrant and implicitly anti-Muslim. The paper’s culture editor, Flemming Rose, claims that the decision to commission twelve cartoonists to lampoon Muhammad was just an attempt to start a debate in Denmark on self-censorship in the media, but he got a lot more than that for his money.
The cartoons were neither clever nor funny, and two of them were blatantly offensive. One depicted Muhammad himself as a terrorist, his turban transformed into a fizzing bomb; the other showed him speaking to a ragged queue of suicide bombers at heaven’s gate saying “Stop, stop, we’ve run out of virgins.” They deliberately implied that Islam is a terrorist religion, and Denmark’s Muslims quite reasonably demanded an apology. It was still a storm in a very small teacup — but then the usual suspects got to work.
The newspaper refused to apologise, and Denmark’s prime minister, Anders Fogh Rasmussen, sucked up to the anti-immigrant vote by refusing even to meet ambassadors from Muslim countries who wanted to protest about the cartoons. So a group of imams from the Danish Muslim organisation Islamisk Trossamfund toured Saudi Arabia and Egypt in November and December with copies of the Jyllands-Posten cartoons, and included some others that were even more offensive and showed Muhammad as a pig and a child molester.
It took a lot of time and effort to build this into a real confrontation, but the Norwegian Christian monthly Magazinet helpfully republished the cartoons in January, Saudi Arabia and Libya withdrew their ambassadors from Copenhagen, and indignation built steadily in Muslim chat-rooms and blogs on the internet. By the end of January Danish flags were being burnt and Danish goods boycotted in the Arab world, and both the Danish prime minister and the editor of Jyllands-Posten went into reverse, publicly apologising for the offence that had been caused. But it was too late.
Various right-wing newspapers in Europe including Die Welt and France-Soir saw the Danish apologies as a failure to defend free speech, and republished the offending cartoons on their front pages. This gave radical Islamist fringe groups in European countries a pretext to stage angry demonstrations — the slogans at the London demo called for more terrorist bombs like those of last July and urged the faithful to “Butcher those who mock Islam” — and the confrontation finally achieved lift-off.
Late last week mobs attacked the European Union’s offices in the Gaza Strip and the building housing the Danish embassy in Jakarta. Incensed by text messages saying that Danish right-wingers were planning to burn copies of the Quran (though they didn’t, in the end), angry Muslims burned the Danish and Norwegian embassies in Syria and the Danish consulate in Lebanon during the weekend. The idiots, the ideologues and the fanatics on both sides have the bit between their teeth now, and it will take some time for the fury to burn out. But it is important to remember that most people have NOT lost their heads.
Similarly on the Western side — you can’t really say Christian any more, except for the United States and maybe Poland — the great majority of newspapers did not publish the cartoons. In Britain, in Poland, in Russia, in Canada and (with one exception) in the United States, none did. It is not self-censorship to refuse to publish these abusive images that link Muslims with terrorism, it is simply common courtesy.
It does not mean that no Western cartoonist may ever use Muhammad again (though they will doubtless be more cautious about the context in future). The ban on images of Muhammad is a Muslim tradition, not a Western one. But we live in a joined-up world where everybody can see everybody else all the time, and being polite to the neighbours is a social obligation. Jyllands-Posten and its emulators were very stupid and very rude.

industry_corpus2: Media & Journalism


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The first thing to do is to choose your iMovie HD import setting - large or full-size. Full-size is the original format of your footage, or you can have iMovie recompress your footage to 960x540.
Apple recommends recompression, as it makes for much smaller file sizes and smoother playback. The difference will be negligible if you're sharing the video online, but the resolution will be lower.
iMovie Events: Help you organize the footage that you import. You can choose to save your imported files to an existing Event or create a new Event.
Optimize Video: Which is available for HD footage, compresses files for faster playback and easier storage.
Lastly, you can select to move or copy the files you're importing to iMovie.
Record from Webcam makes it simple to import video to iMovie directly from your webcam. Access it through the camera icon in the center left of the screen or through File>Import from Camera.
Before import, you need to decide where to save the new file, and which event to file it in. Also, you can have iMovie analyze your new video clip for recognizable faces, and stabilize it to remove any camera shakiness.
If you have video footage on a tape or camcorder hard drive, you can easily import it into iMovie. Connect your video camera to your computer, and turn it on in the VCR mode. Select Import From Camera, and then select your camera from the drop-down menu in the window that opens.


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Welcome to part 2 of our series of posts looking at the rise of bots in communications. We previously looked at what bots are, what they do and how they’re currently being used in other industries such as Finance and Healthcare. This post – as the title suggests – narrows our focus to how bots can be used in Higher Education to drive Admissions success and dives into specific use cases to achieve this.
Why bots for HigherEd Admissions?
The university and college admissions landscape is becoming more challenging. Institutions are facing growing competition from online courses, apprenticeships and other universities, not just within their own country, but globally. Perceived high-levels of tuition fees are making students think more carefully about where they want to invest in their education or if they want to invest in it at all. With growing numbers of entry-level jobs and bedroom businesses an attractive low-cost option for young and ambitious minds, universities need to work ever harder to convince students they are worth the investment.
As well as recruitment marketing, brand and profile building initiatives, institutions are turning to technology to get the edge on the competition when it comes to student admissions. This makes sense. Universities and colleges predominantly cater for the iGeneration. A whole demographic of digital natives who not only want to communicate through multi-channel digital means, but expect it from brands, businesses, organizations and institutions. By approaching student engagement, experience and marketing with a digital-first mind-set, HigherEd organizations can more effectively manage their admissions process, provide a better, more enriched experience, improve efficiency and help drive down costs.
Providing accurate information 24/7. At scale.
Picture yourself as a student researching the plethora of university options available to you. The process is time consuming, complex and can often be overwhelming. A simple incident like visiting a uni’s website and not being able to find the information you need (such as a prospectus or fee structure) when you need it (now), might quickly turn you off.Now imagine going onto a website, searching for admissions details then being proactively asked by a chatbot whether or not you need a specific faculty’s prospectus. You indicate you do and you’re interested in the law faculty whereupon the chatbot sends the right prospectus straight to your preferred email address.It’s a win-win scenario. The student gets the right information immediately and you are able to collect their contact details. And you can deal with thousands of similar enquiries and requests simultaneously without any strain on your admission team who can focus on higher impact activity.
This scenario is similar to the web interaction above but can be further streamlined if the conversation takes place via a messaging platform such as Facebook. When a student sends a Facebook message asking for information, you can pull their name and email address automatically for them to simply confirm. Your bots can then send them whatever they need straight away rather than waiting for staff to become available.Not only do you provide the student with the information they need but their details are then synched with your CRM allowing you to track whether these interactions influence your enrollment metrics, just like you’ll already be doing with channels such as direct mail. It also allows you to run automations like any other channel, for example segment that student into an email campaign for all students that have completed an enquiry form.
Chatbots and admission staff can work hand-in-hand to provide a quick and convenient experience for students. For example, in response to a student looking for information for financial aid, the bot can send a link to the appropriate webpage. If they then ask a question the bot is unable to answer, such as the status of their transcript, the bot can ask whether the student wants to speak to a human. If they indicate they do, the bot can inform them their query has been passed to the team and someone will be in touch shortly.
This type of co-working scenario between human and bot is really effective especially during times when there are high volumes of enquiries and requests. It takes pressure off staff to manage every single message that floods their inbox and gives students access to exactly what they need immediately.
Another situation where you can really make a big impact with bots is during open days or campus tours. If a student texts asking where to go for lunch for instance, your bot could fire back times, places, location maps and WiFi codes helping students feel comfortable and less stressed during their visit.
These are just a few scenarios in which HigherEd can capitalize on bot tech to enhance both staff and student experiences. Bots can be trained to handle or help with almost any specific task or scenario so they offer your admissions team almost unfettered potential. And the benefits of bots don’t just stop at a better experience. By letting bots do the leg work in certain situations, you can automatically capture large amounts of personalized data to power future communications; automate time consuming processes and ultimately save time and money by optimizing your admissions machine.
Want to learn more about how bots can transform your admissions process? Have a chat with us today!


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You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 13-25 which are based on Reading Passage 149 on the following pages.
A In 1942 Allan R Holmberg, a doctoral student in anthropology from Yale University, USA, ventured deep into the jungle of Bolivian Amazonia and searched out an isolated band of Siriono Indians. The Siriono, Holmberg later wrote, led a "strikingly backward" existence. Their villages were little more than clusters of thatched huts. Life itself was a perpetual and punishing search for food: some families grew manioc and other starchy crops in small garden plots cleared from the forest, while other members of the tribe scoured the country for small game and promising fish holes. When local resources became depleted, the tribe moved on. As for technology, Holmberg noted, the Siriono "may be classified among the most handicapped peoples of the world". Other than bows, arrows and crude digging sticks, the only tools the Siriono seemed to possess were "two machetes worn to the size of pocket-knives".
B Although the lives of the Siriono have changed in the intervening decades, the image of them as Stone Age relics has endured. Indeed, in many respects the Siriono epitomize the popular conception of life in Amazonia. To casual observers, as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners, the luxuriant forests of Amazonia seem ageless, unconquerable, a habitat totally hostile to human civilization. The apparent simplicity of Indian ways of life has been judged an evolutionary adaptation to forest ecology, living proof that Amazonia could not - and cannot - sustain a more complex society. Archaeological traces of far more elaborate cultures have been dismissed as the ruins of invaders from outside the region, abandoned to decay in the uncompromising tropical environment.
C The popular conception of Amazonia and its native residents would be enormously consequential if it were true. But the human history of Amazonia in the past 11,000 years betrays that view as myth. Evidence gathered in recent years from anthropology and archaeology indicates that the region has supported a series of indigenous cultures for eleven thousand years; an extensive network of complex societies - some with populations perhaps as large as 100,000 - thrived there for more than 1,000 years before the arrival of Europeans. (Indeed, some contemporary tribes, including the Siriono, still live among the earthworks of earlier cultures.) Far from being evolutionarily retarded, prehistoric Amazonian people developed technologies and cultures that were advanced for their time. If the lives of Indians today seem "primitive", the appearance is not the result of some environmental adaptation or ecological barrier; rather it is a comparatively recent adaptation to centuries of economic and political pressure. Investigators who argue otherwise have unwittingly projected the present onto the past.
D The evidence for a revised view of Amazonia will take many people by surprise. Ecologists have assumed that tropical ecosystems were shaped entirely by natural forces and they have focused their research on habitats they believe have escaped human influence. But as the University of Florida ecologist, Peter Feinsinger, has noted, an approach that leaves people out of the equation is no longer tenable. The archaeological evidence shows that the natural history of Amazonia is to a surprising extent tied to the activities of its prehistoric inhabitants.
E The realization comes none too soon. In June 1992 political and environmental leaders from across the world met in Rio de Janeiro to discuss how developing countries can advance their economies without destroying their natural resources. The challenge is especially difficult in Amazonia. Because the tropical forest has been depicted as ecologically unfit for large-scale human occupation, some environmentalists have opposed development of any kind. Ironically, one major casualty of that extreme position has been the environment itself. While policy makers struggle to define and implement appropriate legislation, development of the most destructive kind has continued apace over vast areas.
F The other major casualty of the "naturalism" of environmental scientists has been the indigenous Amazonians, whose habits of hunting, fishing, and slash-and-burn cultivation often have been represented as harmful to the habitat. In the clash between environmentalists and developers, the Indians, whose presence is in fact crucial to the survival of the forest, have suffered the most. The new understanding of the pre-history of Amazonia, however, points toward a middle ground. Archaeology makes clear that with judicious management selected parts of the region could support more people than anyone thought before. The long-buried past, it seems, offers hope for the future.
16 The reason for the simplicity of the Indian way of life is that Amazonia has always been unable to support a more complex society.
17 There is a crucial popular misconception about the human history of Amazonia.
18 There are lessons to be learned from similar ecosystems in other parts of the world.
19 Most ecologists were aware that the areas of Amazonia they were working in had been shaped by human settlement.
20 The indigenous Amazonian Indians are necessary to the well-being of the forest.
21 It would be possible for certain parts of Amazonia to support a higher population.