text:
Richard Buckminster Fuller (1895 - 1983) was an architect and designer based in the US. His design philosophy of 'more for less' was applied across a range of projects, from the design of a car, housing, boats, games, to perhaps his most famous design: the geodesic dome. Geodesic domes are lightweight structures that can span large distances without any internal supports; highly cost effective they became popular for military and exhibition use as well as for emergency shelter. They inspired a whole host of architects and designers, including the use and adaptation of the domes at the hippie commune in Colorado, Drop City. This application being important for demonstrating that Fuller's ideas could also be applied in a low-tech manner.
One of the first to recognise the finite nature of natural resources, Fuller was convinced that design and technology could offer solutions to the problems of the management of resources, especially with regard to transportation and building.
Although he was mostly self-taught, having been expelled twice from Harvard University, Fuller's practice was intertwined with teaching, emphasising project based learning and collaborations with colleagues and students. During the 1950s, Fuller taught at various colleges across the US, notably at the residential Black Mountain College in North Carolina, where he worked in collaboration with ex-Bauhaus tutors, such as Walter Gropius and Josef Albers, and the composer John Cage amongst others. The experimental college did not grade students' work and they lived, worked and ate alongside their teachers. Black Mountain's pedagogic approach of giving equal emphasis to creativity and practical responsibility was an ideal setting for Fuller's experiments. It was here that the first large-scale geodesic dome was built, which was to bestow widespread acceptance on his ideas.
A prolific designer and thinker, Fuller popularised and appropriated the phrase Spaceship Earth to describe the finite and unreplenishable resources of the planet and its interdependent nature. This was the basis for his systems thinking and the emphasis on access to and invention of tools to enhance living, concepts that were to prove a major inspiration for Stewart Brand, the co-founder of the Whole Earth Catalog. Amongst other designs, Fuller also developed the Dymaxion World Map which showed relative size and shape of continents with much less distortion than standard projections. The map also does not have a prescribed orientation unlike the usually adopted north-south axis which was viewed by Fuller as a manifestation of cultural bias.
Unbounded by a single discipline Fuller's influence ranges across architecture, mathematics, design and science with his theoretical work on the structure of particles leading him to discover the mathematical formula for the closest packing of spheres. His approach to design was driven by a desire to improve the lives of all of earth's inhabitants through an efficient and fair use of resources. Fuller's faith in technology and the inventiveness of humans gave his work an optimism that was often dismissed as being too utopian but the environmental challenges of our time make this type of thinking and approach to design even more relevant today.
Richard Buckminster Fuller, Operating manual for spaceship earth (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1969).
---, Utopia or oblivion: the prospects for humanity (London: Allen Lane, 1970).
---, Critical path (London: Hutchinson, 1983).
Richard Buckminster Fuller, Eric Arthur Walker and James Rhyne Killian, Approaching the Benign Environment, Man and society (London: Muller, 1973).
J. Baldwin, BuckyWorks: Buckminster Fuller's Ideas for Today (New York: John Wiley, 1996).
Paul Makovsky, Belinda Lanks and Martin C. Pedersen, 'The Fuller Effect', Metropolis Magazine, http://www.metropolismag.com/story/20080716/the-fuller-effect [accessed 29 March 2010].
Robert Marks, The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller (Garden City, N.Y: Anchor Press, 1973).
Joe Moore, 'Buckminster Fuller Virtual Institute', http://www.buckminster.info/ [accessed 29 March 2010].
Martin Pawley, Buckminster Fuller, Design heroes (London: Trefoil, 1990).
'R. Buckminster Fuller', Design Museum, http://designmuseum.org/design/r-buckminster-fuller [accessed 29 March 2010].
"Our little Spaceship Earth is only eight thousand miles in diameter, which is almost a negligible dimension in the great vastness of space. . . . Spaceship Earth was so extraordinarily well invented and designed that to our knowledge humans have been on board it for two million years not even knowing that they were on board a ship."
"We must do away with the absolutely specious notion that everybody has to earn a living. It is a fact today that one in ten thousand of us can make a technological breakthrough capable of supporting all the rest. The youth of today are absolutely right in recognizing this nonsense of earning a living. We keep inventing jobs because of this false idea that everybody has to be employed at some kind of drudgery because, according to Malthusian-Darwinian theory, he must justify his right to exist. So we have inspectors of inspectors and people making instruments for inspectors to inspect inspectors. The true business of people should be to go back to school and think about whatever it was they were thinking about before somebody came along and told them they had to earn a living."
- Fuller quoted in: Elizabeth Barlow, 'The New York Magazine Environmental Teach-In', New York Magazine, 1970, available at; quote.
The Montreal Biosphère by Buckminster Fuller, 1967. Photo: Ryan Mallard.
Geodesic dome. Photo: Ryan Mallard.

industry_corpus2: Real Estate & Construction


text:
The starting vortex at the trailing edge, as visualized by Prandtl in 1934 using a water channel and aluminum particles.
The fourth and final student guest post explains the Wagner effect, and its role in animal flight. We hope you enjoy the series of posts from GW students of animal locomotion!
This post completes the series, which was inspired by the entertaining cross-comment thread to a Google+ post of Michael Habib (Sept.22, 2013).
Both experiments and numerical simulations have shown that the aerodynamic forces acting on a wing accelerating from rest are lower than the values predicted by quasi-steady models (which assume steady-state forces are produced at each instant in time). A transition period is needed before the forces reach the steady-state value. This latency in the establishment of lift was first proposed by Wagner (1925) and studied experimentally by Walker (1931).
Wagner effect: growth of the circulation to a steady-state due to the shedding of the starting vortex (from Sane, 2003).
The Wagner effect can be described in terms of circulation around an airfoil: as a wing starts impulsively from rest, the circulation around it does not immediately attain its steady-state value. Thus, when any wing first starts moving through the air, it must travel several chord-lengths before reaching the steady-state circulation around it (Dickinson & Götz, 1993 & Sane, 2003; see figure, left).
The Wagner effect is the consequence of two phenomena. First, when the wing is accelerating from rest, vorticity is generated around it (called the bound vortex) and shed at the trailing edge, where it rolls up forming the starting vortex (see feature image, above). This trailing-edge vortex can be observed on insect wings, but also on the wings of a commercial jetliner. The starting vortex induces a velocity field that counteracts that of the circulation bound to the wing. The influence of the starting vortex on the airfoil decreases as it is convected away from the trailing edge by the free-stream velocity.
Second, the fluid viscosity slows the development of the bound vortex, so we could conclude that the delay in reaching steady state will be amplified at low Reynolds numbers. However, the experiments of Dickinson & Götz (1993) with model insect wings showed that the delay in build-up of lift is less noticeable at lower Reynolds numbers, in the range . (The experiments of Walker used .) It appears that the dependence of the Wagner effect on Reynolds number is not firmly established.
When designing either an aircraft or a bio-inspired robot, engineers have to explore many design alternatives to optimize performances of the device. This can be very time-consuming. That is why usually only quasi-steady aerodynamic models are employed (which are fast and robust). But those models do not take into account the possible unsteady effects that can occur during rapid manoeuvres or takeoff, such as the Wagner effect.
Here, is called Wagner’s function (see a plot, below). It corrects the quasi-steady models when obtaining the aerodynamic forces during the transitional period. The angle of attack, , is assumed small, and is the downwash velocity: .
Although Wagner's function can be derived analytically, good approximate expressions have been calculated (some of them can be found in Fung’s book).
Some insects, as well as some birds, use mechanisms to quickly build the circulation around their wings during take-off, and therefore attenuate the Wagner effect. The clap-and-fling mechanism was first described by Weis-Fogh (1973) to explain how certain insects and birds are able to increase the amount of generated lift.
The mechanism starts before the pronation (rotational movement on the wing between the upstroke and the downstroke) with the apposition of the two wings. The wings are then rotated about the trailing edge. The void created by the separation of the leading edges is rapidly filled with air generating a circulation. It also produces counter-rotating vortices above the animal that give extra lift. Once the pronation is done, the downstroke begins.
The clap-and-fling mechanism is mostly used by insects; however, some birds have developed this function as well. For example, the pigeon uses this technique during lift-off (see photograph) producing a recognizable sound. But mostly, it is observed that the birds do not often use the clap-and-fling mechanism to overcome the Wagner effect (Sane, 2003). This suggests that the Wagner effect might not have much effect on bird flight. Some birds (e.g., pigeon) may be using a clap-and-fling motion just to obtain maximum amplitude by the wings, rather than to overcome the Wagner effect.
Photograph of a pigeon clapping its wings at the top of the upstroke, for take-off. Credit: Joe Hancuff, @joehancuff on Twitter.
Does the Wagner effect apply to pterosaur flight?
As previously stated, the latency to build circulation applies to any accelerating wings. According to Habib, the Wagner effect is an important factor for any animal flyer during launch and is often underestimated. Even if this delay is more significant at low Reynolds numbers, one could wonder if the Wagner effect affects a pterosaur to get off the ground?
There are two schools of thought about the take-off of the pterosaur: bipedal launch and quadrupedal launch. Witton and Habib (2010), some of the avid proponents of a quadrupedal launch, maintain that the bipedal launch position would have placed the wings in a stall configuration, a real problem to quickly build circulation. Habib (2008) mentioned that the pterosaur could reach steady-state lift faster by having high launch accelerations (more plausible with a quadrupedal launch, using the forelimbs and the hindlimbs) and opening the wing rapidly by flinging it outwards and forward during the ballistic phase, thereby overcoming the Wagner effect.
Alexander and Vogel (2004) suggest that the Wagner effect is magnified at low Reynolds numbers (where viscous effects dominate over inertial effects). However, some results contradict this statement. The experiments of Dickinson and Gotz (1993) at Re=10–103 show little evidence of Wagner’s effect. For the first one-chord-length of travel, the lift increases quickly, under the effect of a finite acceleration. Upon reaching uniform velocity, the lift dips sharply, then slightly increases for about one extra chord length of travel. The authors identify this last stage of lift increase as evidence of Wagner’s. But by of travel, steady-state lift is established.
We were not able to find Walker’s paper (1931), but other sources say his experiments at Re=140,000 agree with Wagner’s prediction. Beckwith and Babinsky (2009) conducted some experiments on a flat plate at a Reynolds number about 60,000 that show the Wagner effect is negligible after about one chord length of travel. Considering that the Reynolds number is estimated to range from 104 to 106 for pterosaurs, it is reasonable to think that the latency would be negligible for pterosaurs. Therefore, using quasi-steady models could be adequate to evaluate aerodynamic forces acting on the pterosaur.
Moreover, it’s entirely plausible that the angle of attack during the first downstroke is in the post-stall region. In that case, other unsteady effects, such as delayed stall, will be more important than the Wagner effect.
Alexander D.E. and Vogel S. (2004). Nature’s flyers: birds, insects and the biomechanics of flight. JHU Press.
Beckwith, R. M. H. and Babinsky, H. (2009). Impulsively started flat plate flow, Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 46(6):2186–2188.
Dickinson M.H. and Gotz K.G. (1993). Unsteady aerodynamic performance of model wings at low Reynolds numbers. J. Exp. Biology, 174:45-64.
Dickinson M.H., Lehmann F.O. and Sane S.P. (1999). Wing rotation and the aerodynamic basis of insect flight. Science, 284:1954-1960.
Habib M.B. (2008). Comparative evidence for quadrupedal launch in pterosaurs. Wellnhofer Pterosaur Meeting: Zitteliana B28. Pp 161-168.
Sane S.P. (2003). The aerodynamics of insect flight. J. Exp. Biology, 206:4191-4208.
Walker, J. A. (2002). Rotational lift: something different or more of the same? Journal of Experimental Biology, 205(24), 3783-3792.
Witton M.P. and Habib M.B. (2010). On the size and flight of the giant pterosaurs, the use of birds as pterosaur analogues and comments on pterosaur flightlessness. PLoS ONE 5(11).
Walker, P. B.(1931). Growth of circulation about a wing and an apparatus for measuring fluid motion. Reports and Mem., Aeronaut. Res. Com. no. 1402.
Sorry to be jumping in late on this one; I had some travel that kept me away from the blogosphere for a bit. I really enjoyed this article. In particular, this post in the series probably had the most impact on my own thinking. Based on your summary and the additional literature you supplied, I have started to take a second look at the potential importance of circulation delays during launch in pterosaurs, and it may not have been as important as I originally thought. That's always the best part of research - when things turn out differently than you expected!
- For pigeons, it may be that they use clap and fling in order to more rapidly climb out after launch. Pigeons are able to launch and climb out at very steep angles and high accelerations (called burst launch), but they don't have as many hind limb specializations for this behavior as other burst launchers, such as pheasants and quail. It might be that pigeons compensate by reaching maximum CL faster after the initial launch.
- One of the reasons that I have previously suggested that the Wagner Effect needs to be considered in animal launch is the ubiquity of high acceleration launches, even in suspensory animals. Flying animals as diverse as gliding snakes, gliding lizards, birds, and bats use leaping to initiate launch - even in species that can hover. Bats launching from a suspensory position cycle the wings 2-3 times before they let go of the perch, effectively "revving" up the wings. These features could be explained (in part) as adaptations to beat circulation delays and therefore improve initial climb out performance. However, other explanations are possible (for leaping, the primary factor is probably just starting acceleration: pushing against a substrate performs much better than lift starting at zero speed. It gets you "out of the gate" faster. That's why fish use drag to fast-start).
- Pterosaurs probably used relatively low amplitude flapping cycles, which could mean that even a 1-2 chord delay in reaching full circulation might be slightly detrimental. If the Beckwith and Babinsky results applied to large pterosaurs, then it is likely that they would not *require* a more rapid circulation start than what a quad launch already allowed, but it might still slightly improve performance. Rough sums to check this possibility would be an interesting exercise (one which I've been playing with over the last day or so). The wing was probably opened rapidly after launch regardless - a slight improvement in starting CL might have been more of a useful side effect than a primary adaptation, based on what you all have presented here.
- I mentioned the stall issue with bipedal launch. Another issue, if a running bipedal launch is modeled, is trailing edge flutter (since the wing was attached to the hind limbs), which might be something fun to look at. In fact, the whole subject of aeroelastic limits in pterosaurs needs work, and might something for you all to look at in the future. Somewhat paradoxically, quad launch was probably better for tensioning the membrane than biped launch, because a quad situation allows the hind limbs (and thus the trailing edge of the wing) to be set well before the wing opens.
Cheers everyone! Some great work. I am duly impressed.
Prof. Habib, thank you very much for your very kind comment! We really enjoyed working on the Wagner effect that is quite unknown and controversial.
It seems that researchers have been investigating it for birds and insects, but not for larger animals. They noticed the presence of the Wagner effect, but mentioned that this effect is dominated by some other unsteady mechanisms at post-stall angle of attack (Weis-Fogh mechanism, delayed stall, wake capture). Those studies have been done for reynolds numbers found in insects/birds. Since Walker in 1931, I cannot find other studies for higher Reynolds numbers.
I got the idea of the bat flapping its wings before releasing from the perch. A nice trick to build circulation before getting airborne. I guess this is not relevant to the pterosaur and its quadrupedal launch.
Based on the kinematics you proposed for the quadrupedal launch, the pterosaur is pushing skyward and moving forward when taking-off. Once in the air, the animal is opening its wings rapidly. If the pterosaur was doing it at high acceleration, that would have been a smart way to get away faster from the influence of the starting vortex.
About the bipedal launch: is it completely inadequate to think that those flyers might have been able to enhance lift, flapping their wings at post-stall angle of attack, taking benefit of a possible leading edge vortex, while pushing upward and forward with their hindlimbs?
I agree with the fact that large pterosaur had to use their forelimbs to launch. But what about smaller species? Do you think a bird-like take-off is a serious hypothesis for those ones?
Another controversy is about the shape of the membrane. The shape is different among models that have been reconstructed during the last decades. You mentioned that the wing was attached on the hindlimbs. What is your opinion about the location where the wing was attached? On its ankle, on its femur?
Again, thank you for your help in this work, we really enjoyed having you on Google hangout last time.
Great thoughts, Oliver. In terms of bipedal launch, trying to engage post-stall vorticity upon launch is very difficult to do. Delayed stall works well for many flying animals if they already have a bound vortex on the wing. The stall is delayed, in part, because it takes time for the vorticity on the wing to be reduced by the sudden change in wake structure. However, starting at that sort of angle would presumably require an additional mechanism, such as clap and fling (which pterosaurs likely could not use because their shoulder anatomy lacked the required range of motion). This may be why, in practice, only the smallest birds (hummingbirds) get much assistance from their wings during launch. Hummingbirds get about 50% of their launch force from the hind limbs and the other 50% from the wings, according to work by Tobalske and colleagues. All other birds measured to date achieve 80%-95% of their launch power from the hind limbs. There are some water launch birds that push against the water with the wings and feet to take off (a quad launch scenario). These birds achieve much more rapid takeoffs than those that run/leap across the surface of the water with the hind limbs. Otherwise, any bird larger than about 5 grams seems to rely almost entirely on the hind limbs for takeoff.
That said, just because bipedal launch is less powerful does not mean that small pterosaurs never used it. The question largely comes down to whether any pterosaurs were bipedal. All of the trackways we have show a quadrupedal gait. However, we lack good trackways from early pterosaurs. Kevin Padian, in particular, has suggested that pterosaur ancestors were bipedal (see Padian 2008 in Zitteliana). Chris Bennett has suggested a semi-bipedal arboreal precursor for pterosaurs, as well. If pterosaurs had a bipedal ancestry, then early pterosaurs themselves may still have been bipedal, with quadrupedality appearing further up the pterosaur phylogeny. Since the early pterosaurs were also not particularly large in most cases, it may be that the smaller, early forms were bipedal launchers, with quadrupedal launch appearing later (and then allowing for the evolution of giant size, among other traits). If early pterosaurs were bipedal launchers, then I would still expect it to have occurred via leaping acceleration, rather than running.
In terms of the wing attachment, there are a few specimens showing an ankle attachment, and one species that seems to show a thigh attachment. Beyond that, we have very little direct evidence of attachment location. Because the known specimens have hind limb attachments, and these are usually near the ankle, that is the configuration I typically use in analysis. However, it could be that there was more variation in membrane attachment location within pterosaurs than we see in the fossil record. Some species might have had hip attachments, for example, and thigh attachments might have been more common than it appears. For now, the most conservative approach is to assume that ankle attachment dominated. [Interestingly enough, I used to be a proponent of hip attachments for most pterosaur wings - I subsequently changed my mind on this after being shown some critical fossils in Munich by my colleague, David Hone].
If you get to read this I challenge you to provide the maths behind your outrageous claims that Quetzalcoatlus Northropi could fly at 80mph; could fly for 12,000 miles non stop (literally); could reach 15,00 ft altitude and yet had a body about the same size as a Labrador dog: a shoulder to hip measurement of less than 2 feet to hold the muscle mass to flap a 34ft wing.
Habib, unless you can provide some maths for the above, I place you as a charlatan and a snake-oil salesman. You are one of those so called 'scientists' who invent facts to fit the answers they have already decided they want. Shame on you. Give me the maths behind these outrageous claims above or withdraw them. Put up - or shut up!
Dear Mr Parsons — Thank you for commenting and noticing our blog posts. But I feel compelled to remind you that this is my home. Some of your language is not appropriate for the respectful dialogue that I hope to host here, an informal but still professional and academic space.
Thus, I would insist that you behave courteously to my guests, in my home. You are also more likely to get a genuine and meaningful reply.
I have been trying for over a year to get a sensible reply from Mike Habib. My language is strong and disrespectful because my respect for Mike and his theatrical postulations is non-existant. If you do not like the arguments in your 'home' may I suggest you get out into the public arena and debate them there. Just look in Wikipedia and notice the nonsense quoted. You might also ask Mike Habib why his postulations are qualified in parenthesis as (Habib - unpublished). Why hasn't he published and how can he quote from un-published material without causing scepticism in his reader?
Where on the web can we go to continue this discussion without offending your domestic sensibilities?
Incidentally, what are your own views on the aerodynamic capabilities of the late Cretaceous azhdarchidae?
I was just wondering about that. I come from an entirely different discipline (optical engineering), so my understanding of aeronautic principles is sketchy at best... but it seems to me from the explanations that the Wagner Effect might also limit the lift of a hovering flier (such as a hummingbird), since there's no laminar flow possible (the columns of air ahead and behind the wings are static, so there has to be some turbulence... I think?).
Indeed, Wagner Effect constraints have been historically examined mostly in animals with low advance ratios (like hummingbirds and insects). The expectation was that circulation delays would affect hovering and rapid-frequency flapping flight more than it would in larger animals. In practice, the expected delays don't seem to be observed in most cases, and this is probably an indication that small flyers are using some tricks to reduce the delay in reaching maximum circulation. Clap-and-fling is a well known example, but the most prevalent mechanism is probably rapid wing rotation at the end of each half stroke.

industry_corpus2: Aerospace


text:
I can't remember the last time that the amount of a fine went down. I'm not sure it's ever happened. There have been offences which have been phased out, of course, but because infringements are now linked to inflation they just keep going up and up.
Except these. From 1 Feb the fine for a child travelling on the public transport system without a valid ticket or otherwise mucking about has become $58, rather than the $172 it was before that. No real explanation for the reduction is given, but perhaps government have recognised that these kinds of fines just aren't being paid.
On a related topic, is anyone familiar with the Fare Enough program? The promotional material makes it seem as though it's been widely implemented, but I've never heard of it before.
It's apparently a short course run by Kangan Batman TAFE. It was brought in through the introduction of s 227A to the Transport Act 1983 in 2006. It seems the program does not offer the unconditional dismissal of matters which accompanies completion of the ropes program.
Is it an idea that fizzled? If the program is operating, it may offer an alternative for children who would otherwise go on to the long waiting lists to do a ropes course.

industry_corpus2: Law & Justice


text:
I can't find a feraligatr in gts until its in my pokedex so where can I fight one and add it to my pokedex?
Depending on what game you're playing, in HeartGold/SoulSilver, you can't fight one unless your rival chose Totadile. In Pokemon Diamond/Pearl/Platinum, there is unfortunately no way to battle a Feraligatr. Also in Pokemon Black/White/Black 2/White 2, there is also unfortunately no way to battle a Feraligatr. Try going to GTS Negotiations and trading with other people. Some people usually offer starters.
I was wondering this myself, but.....will it even show up on the GTS if you haven't seen it?
I was under the impression that the GTS only shows those Pokemon which you have seen/obtained already.
can feraligatr use outrage well?

industry_corpus2: Gaming


text:
We've all heard it at least once, women cut their hair to find some closure after a bad breakup, a mental breakdown or whatever bad situation they're in. Apparently it gives them the confidence they need to start anew. It's a feeling of a fresh beginning of the next chapter in your life. Cutting off what's dead and going on with the healthy and good.
By definition, surely I must have that inner voice telling me to use this manner of intervention too. Although I have no thoughts on how and why this works, as of today I decided to indeed begin writing the next chapter of the wonderful book called Me. I made an appointment, sat down and watched the open endings of the previous page fall down and touch the ground. From now on, I'm a new and improved me. Not that anyone can see the difference since it's a mere loss of a couple centimetres but still. Somewhere inside this confusing brain, a little voice tells me "good. Now you are better."
All the nonsense aside, I did actually gain some perspective on my past and present life the last few days. Ex postfacto, which is Latin for in the light of subsequent events as my dictionary tells me, I've not really been as smart as I could have been. For some reason I have let myself become the perfect example for things people do that I absolutely hate. I'm sure there is some psychological term for that stuff and I'm pretty sure I have actually learned it the last few months at school but quite remarkably I have forgotten. ... Oh right, it's psychological projection as conceptualised by my dear friend Freud. Not to go into too many details or to have myself have to remember that class again, which I really don't feel like doing, it's a level 2 primitive defence mechanism in life, and also a primitive form of paranoia. As if I hadn't already realised that I'm paranoid as hell besides other lovely defence mechanisms I master.
And now I'm too lazy for any deeper meaning stuff.

industry_corpus2: Health & Medicine


text:
Appalling. Th8rluvr's comments are, if anything, generous. There **are** a couple of cute numbers but the show itself is a dismal 100 minutes, the music is pedestrian, the lyrics sophomoric and none of the performances are affecting. That includes Hendrickson's who has some talent but has been poorly directed (she spends most of the show sitting on staircase!) and even worse, badly musically directed (she has the voice but she can't sing the material, as least not the night I saw the show).
Note to Zachy: When a theatergoer pays to see a production -- especially $20 or more -- at a community theater (which is what TD is, regardless of what it may call itself) or anywhere else for that matter, you are entitled to see a **production** -- not a work in progress. There is a time and place for those, too, but it not on the mainstage of a theater that is advertising a finished product for sale.
Theatre Decatur ought to be embarassed, and ashamed of itself as well. The show desperately needs worskhopping, and passing it off as ready for an audience is a disservice to the writers, the cast and, most importantly, the audience. No wonder there were 20 people there on a Saturday night; what little word of mouth there's been has been awful.

industry_corpus2: Film & Entertainment


text:
Administration – Administration of Informatica Data Quality app, server and housekeeping activities. Significant experience with data quality, data profiling, data cleansing, matching, metadata management and reporting.
Design – High level design of the object(s) that needs to be developed to meet the requirements according to the project requirements. This may include the end point details, use case scenarios and the architecture of the object or interface. The design document can contain other details as mandated by the solution.
Development – Occurs on the specified Mylan owned platforms using tools as provided by Mylan. All code / configuration generated during development will be version managed and controlled using defined procedures that will be determined and designed as the project progresses. All development activities take place in a sandbox (as opposed to controlled) development environment.
Testing – Unit testing of the objects and testing of the specified objects working in conjunction with each other as specified in the Design Specification. Testing will not exceed the scope of the applicable Design Specification. Testing may also entail executing formal test scripts for development performed by another developer.
Release – Documenting release instructions for the purpose of moving the object code to the Quality and Production environment. The Engineer will also help the Run Team to deploy the code in the Quality and Production environment.
Operations – Troubleshooting and issues resolution. Resolve issues reported by the business by going through the different logs. Analyze & communicate root cause and resolution steps. Perform upgrades as deemed necessary.

industry_corpus2: Computing & Telecommunications


text:
Cosygifts will be an onlinewebshop that sells Gifts, decoration articles.
We are in need of a logo that will be used in all our stationary, websites, packaging, ..
Our clients will be men and woman, between 18 and 50 years. They like cosy decoration, design, gadgets and Gifts.
We like a lots of different designs, it has to be a design from this time.
I need a trendy, classy design. I need a design that when somebody see it they really want to come and look on the site and buy things.


text:
For many years now the tax authorities in Spain have been stepping up their efforts to clamp down on the practice of undeclared (and therefore illegal) holiday rentals, and in 2017 the regional government in Murcia has announced that its own campaign to combat this phenomenon will result in 60 inspections taking place during the month of August alone. Individuals and businesses found to be falling foul of the law will face potential fines of up to 10,000 euros.
The intention of the government in Murcia is not only to generate revenue from fines, of course, but also to encourage the fully legal rental of holiday properties in the Costa Cálida in the future, while at the same time guaranteeing quality accommodation for visitors.
As for how to register your home as a legal holiday rental property, the first step is to fill in the “Declaración responsable” form which officially informs the authorities of your intention to rent out your home for tourist purposes. The relevant forms can be found on the Murcia government website here, clicking on the “Declaración Responsible de Clasificación Turística” link, and there is no fee associated with submitting them.
Another Excel document can also be downloaded on which to list the properties concerned, and these can be sent by email to josea.parraga@carm.es or Isabel.gimenez@carm.es.
However, as things stand at present (July 2017) the next step is a slightly more difficult one. Having made the Declaración Responsable it is now necessary to register the completed form at the Registro de Empresas y Actividades Turísticas de la Región de Murcia before beginning to advertise and rent out your property. But the site (https://www.itrem.es/itrem/registro_de_empresas/) has had its security certificate revoked, and is therefore not functional.
The Registro de Empresas y Actividades Turísticas de la Región de Murcia is dependent on the Instituto de Turismo de la Región de Murcia (telephone 902 101070, address Avenida Juana Jugán, 2, 30006 Murcia).
Once all the paperwork is completed, the final step in order to comply with the law is to keep adequate accounting records and ensure that rental income is properly declared for tax purposes!
It's highly advisable to speak to your own accountant if experiencing difficulty with the registration process, and readers have also emailed to say that local town halls are able to help residents through the legal processes of registering their property legally. All town halls will have a public attention desk to which enquiries can be directed, although it is highly advisable to take a translator if you do not speak Spanish.

industry_corpus2: Travel & Geography


text: Today, more than 7,000 students each quarter seek education at South Puget Sound Community College. The college remains responsive to the changing educational needs the district̠s residents and plays a most prominent role in a county that is fortunately rich in higher education opportunities.South Puget Sound Community College is an approved institution for the education and training of veterans, reservists and the children and spouses of deceased or 100% ̫total and permanently̦ (with no further exams pending) disabled veterans. The college̠s Veterans Office helps those who are eligible to obtain Veterans Educational Benefits. Our Veterans Office staff will help guide you through the application process, and work as an instructional and advisory aid between the Department of Veterans Affairs and you as a student of South Puget Sound.

industry_corpus2: Subject Education


text:
The use of clothespins is mainly to hold the clothes while they dry. Apart from that, we can use them for other purposes, for example, for the DIY projects we bring here today.
The use of clothespins for other purposes is not something new, I think we all have used them when we were children to make some artistic projects at school. I remember when I went to school and we made this kind of projects for father’s or mother’s day. At that time, DIY projects were not a trend as they are today. Today we have a lot of opportunities and different projects available on the net and we want to bring here some of them to inspire you and encourage you to make some original craft. You just need some clothespins, a bit of inspiration and some time.
Easy DIY projects, the perfect activity for this weekend.


text: Southern charm abounds in this beautiful home with a rocking chair front porch and formal living and dining room areas. Bedrooms include a spacious master suite with walk-in-closet and access to the sunny all-season sitting room and two other nicely sized bedrooms making this the perfect family home. The combined family room, kitchen and charming light-filled breakfast nook features a natural gas fireplace and gas stove top. Hardwood floors and 10 ft. ceilings with crown molding throughout entire home along with large walk-up attic perfect for additional storage. Outside this home is just as desirable with a fully fenced-in backyard, blooming azaleas, well water irrigation and an over-sized two car side entry garage. Centrally located in the Hoggard school district and within walking distance to Holly Tree Elementary. Come make this home yours!


text:
A Notification related to scrolling.
A ScrollStartNotification, which indicates that the widget has started scrolling.
Zero or more ScrollUpdateNotifications, which indicate that the widget has changed its scroll position, mixed with zero or more OverscrollNotifications, which indicate that the widget has not changed its scroll position because the change would have caused its scroll position to go outside its scroll bounds.
Interspersed with the ScrollUpdateNotifications and OverscrollNotifications are zero or more UserScrollNotifications, which indicate that the user has changed the direction in which they are scrolling.
A ScrollEndNotification, which indicates that the widget has stopped scrolling.
A UserScrollNotification, with a UserScrollNotification.direction of ScrollDirection.idle.
Notifications bubble up through the tree, which means a given NotificationListener will receive notifications for all descendant Scrollable widgets. To focus on notifications from the nearest Scrollable descendant, check that the depth property of the notification is zero.
When a scroll notification is received by a NotificationListener, the listener will have already completed build and layout, and it is therefore too late for that widget to call State.setState. Any attempt to adjust the build or layout based on a scroll notification would result in a layout that lagged one frame behind, which is a poor user experience. Scroll notifications are therefore primarily useful for paint effects (since paint happens after layout). The GlowingOverscrollIndicator and Scrollbar widgets are examples of paint effects that use scroll notifications.
To drive layout based on the scroll position, consider listening to the ScrollPosition directly (or indirectly via a ScrollController).
A description of a Scrollable's contents, useful for modeling the state of its viewport.


text:
Our mission is to bring real value to growing small businesses and help them overcome the challenges, and see massive results through digital marketing. We are partners in success and are dedicated to bringing real, tangible results to our clients.
Samuel Neudeck founded NeuWeb in May of 2017 on the principle of doing what is right for the client every time and not over-charging for creative services that have no real impact on business growth. With a passion for helping small businesses succeed in the digital economy he built the skills and value needed to meet their most pressing needs.
That question drove Samuel towards digital marketing. After 14 months of researching, learning and testing new digital skills, he discovered the formula for success. That innovative process became the catalyst of growth that is the foundation for NeuWeb Marketing today.
NeuWeb has served over 30 local businesses and a handful of national clients. Today we specifically serve the tree service, arborist and landscaping industries and are experts in our field. We are continue to scale due to our winning strategies and the best part about it is seeing the transformations in our clients. Let’s grow together.
Ready To Take Your Marketing Up A Notch?
Hit the button below to schedule an appointment with our strategy team.
LET US HEAR YOUR MARKETING GOALS!


text:
On BeProSoftware.com you will fine a set of free products known as the BePro Software Suite. They cover niches such as, ecommerce, email, listings and gamification. We sell addons based on these products today. There is nothing stopping you from doing the same.
Our customers are demanding more features. Unfortunately, we cannot provide everything they need. This is where you come in. Create themes and plugins focused on these products and take advantage of the growing list of users willing to pay for these products.
BeProThemes.com accepts any listing which is built on the BePro Software Suite and meets the requirements posted on our terms and conditions page. Once your listing is accepted you control the, price, description and payment gateway for your product.
The fee comes once a year so you can create realistic forecast on profits, without someone else controlling the price and your percentage. You start by selecting the package that makes the most sense for your needs. We have packages with as little as 1 listing and packages as big as 30 listings. The more you buy, the bigger the discounts.
With our approach you can take advantage of our growing customer base on BeProSoftware.com. You get free links back to your website and as a result you grow your own customer relationship. Extend support and the level you deem necessary and stand out in your delivery of customer service.
You are free to focus on markets you believe there is a chance for growth. Cater to a niche or wherever you can find interested customers. Its easy when you consider the BeProSoftware.com has an open forum where you can easily communicate with other members. You can also post articles on BeProSoftware.com and check the comments to confirm interest. We provide all of the tools to gauge customer needs and then engage them.
You can then sell BeProSoftware addons right next to your own. Grow your own brand, cross sell products, interact with customers and so much more. This is ideal when considering avenues for growing your existing business or getting started with your own line of products.
If you are a plugin or theme maker and would like to find a new platform to differentiate yourself from everyone else, consider building on the BePro Software Suite. We already make money selling addons on this wide open platform and you can too. With our documentation and examples, its easy to integrate your ideas with what we have. Keeping in mind that there is a customer base ready and waiting for your creations to be launched.


text:
Ryan Reynolds is one of the best actors of his generation. As a matter of fact, he will be starring in the 2016 movie Deadpool, playing the role of Wade Wilson. A superhero fighting crimes and accidents made by the villains in this movie, you’ll see him wearing leather costume, which has gathered a whole lot of attention from many people from different parts of the world. Well, this Ryan Reynolds Deadpool Costume is a replica of what the movie has been using. However, the quality is pretty much the same, similarly made with high quality leather material. This costume is a slimfit, so it will be showing the sexiest parts of your body, such as your arms and your abs. It has amazing designs on the bodice and it’s front zippered closure makes it all possible for you to wear. So, what are you waiting for? If you’re looking forward to win the costume party rice, it would be a brilliant idea to use this Wade Wilson Deadpool leather costume, from us, now.
Blend of black and red.
Gorgeous belts for the bullets.


text:
STATE National Security Minister Keith Bell yesterday criticised the Police Staff Association alleging that the organisation is a “political tool” as he questioned how its chairman Dwight Smith could remain at the helm of the PSA amid an ongoing indecent assault case.
Senator Bell went on to accuse the PSA of continuously disrespecting National Security Minister Dr Bernard Nottage and Police Commissioner Ellison Greenslade.
This sparked a face-off in the Senate between Mr Bell and FNM Senator Carl Bethel who were repeatedly told to take their seats as they both stood arguing.
“Another issue that the Royal Bahamas Police Force is faced with,” Mr Bell said, “is this Royal Bahamas Police Force Staff Association which has long been a political tool.
Mr Bethel interjected, lashing out at the state national security minister, claiming he was using the Senate to “make slanderous and untrue aspersions” against the PSA.
Mr Bell assured senators that he would provide conclusive evidence that the PSA was not only a political tool, but collaborated with political parties.
However Mr Bethel said: “There has never been an instance where the Police Staff Association as an organisation has marched with any political party to my knowledge.
“They have not marched with the FNM because we were in government most of the time and we had no reason to march except on Labour Day.
Despite being cautioned over his comments, Mr Bell went on to refer to Mr Smith’s ongoing court battle.
Mr Smith was charged with indecent assault on January 21, 2014. He pleaded not guilty to assaulting a woman. The assault is alleged to have occurred on December 27, 2013. The trial has yet to begin.
“I will only point out, (that) the chairman of the Police Staff Association could be charged criminally with a sexual assault and be allowed to continue to operate. He is interdicted. I don’t know on what planet on God’s Earth that we could allow that to happen,” Mr Bell said.
However, Senator Bethel insisted that in Mr Smith’s case he was only interdicted and has not been convicted of an offence. He said it was not appropriate for Mr Bell to cast aspersions in relation to this matter.
Last week, Mr Smith told the media that the RBPF had launched an investigation into whether the PSA had associated with a political group when it marched downtown a week earlier.
The PSA was joined by members of the civic group the Bahamas National Citizens Coalition and the third party, the Democratic National Alliance.
The event was staged to highlight the issues of the country’s armed forces.
Mr Smith has said the march was not political.
First the PSA was an FNM tool.
Says the one former police officer now PLP senator. What is wrong with these people. It seems they think everyone is either PLP or FNM. Politics don't matter to me when I can't sleep at night for fear of being attacked in my own home.


text:
Mobile 360 – Digital Societies is coming to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia to focus on the platforms for the digital economy needed to advance connected communities across APAC. The two-day thought-leadership conference discusses the partnerships and innovations powering the tech ecosystem which then lead to the development of smarter cities, power businesses and the economy, and connect everyone and everything to a better future.
Under the theme Platforms for the Digital Economy, the core conversations address how emerging technologies of fintech, AI, Blockchain, and data privacy are pushing connected communities forward. The event includes a two-day thought-leadership conference consisting of keynote presentations, fireside chats, panel discussions, and more. The third day is comprised of special workshops and meetings examining special topics in depth.
Mobile 360 – Digital Societies brings over 500 attendees – 50% of which are senior-level leaders – from across the APAC region.
The three-day conference convenes government ministries, regulatory bodies, mobile network operators, academia, start-ups, and representatives from outside the digital ecosystem including transport, logistics, retail, manufacturing, healthcare, and more to discuss the development of digital societies across APAC.
Interested in participating in Mobile 360 – Digital Societies? Contact us for more information on sponsoring, speaking, partnering, and more.


text:
Youth services and programs provided focus on everything from education, social recreation, health and physical education, to leadership and citizenship development, cultural enrichment, and personal adjustment with one-on-one counseling.
Boys & Girls Clubs of Broward County received Charity Navigator’s highest ranking of Four Stars for its sixth year in a row. Only 4% of the 6,000 charities evaluated receive this recognition.
97.8% of parents agree or strongly agree that their children are in a safe environment at the Club.
For every $1.00 spent, we generate $18.45 of positive economic impact through increased parental earnings, increased lifetime earnings of additional high-school graduates, averted juvenile arrests, avoided teen pregnancies and reduced underage drinking, smoking and drug use.


text:
Engineering News Record’s (ENR’s) 2018 List of the Top 400 Contractors in the country is out and Dellbrook | JKS ranks #235! ENR ranks the top firms based on annual revenue from the previous year. Many thanks to our employees who continue to deliver exceptional service to our clients. This ranking as a top firm for the 4th year in a row is a fantastic reflection of their hard work and dedication!
Dellbrook | JKS brings over 30 years of experience, leadership and commitment to excellence at every step of each complex project. As New England’s leading construction company, Dellbrook | JKS is founded on the idea that teams build buildings. Our reach and expertise ensures our clients have access to the industry’s brightest and most seasoned talent. Learn more about Careers at Dellbrook | JKS.
When Dellbrook Construction and JK Scanlan combined companies in 2012, they conceived the highest-quality team in the industry.
Dellbrook Construction was one of several companies founded by the late Edward A. Fish, who over the last half-century developed more than $1 billion of real estate in and around Boston.
With a history in construction dating back to the mid-1800s, the Fish family has had a profound impact on the architectural character of Boston. Likewise, JK Scanlan’s team-centered approach has provided the industry’s top talent to hundreds of projects throughout its 30 year span, building some of the area’s most iconic structures.
Today, Michael Fish, a fourth generation construction executive, provides leadership as president and chief executive officer of Dellbrook | JKS, with offices in Quincy and Falmouth, MA. His goal: to continue the legacy that pioneers quality construction and exceptional service.


text:
A controller designed in Italy, based on an industrial PC and equipped with a 19” touch screen and programmed in LINUX environment: thanks to the user friendly, full touch and multi-functional interface it provides the most eclectic and flexible help for the user, whatever his needs may be. The full digital wirework via CAN bus allows quick and simple troubleshooting, in case of anomalies.
Electric servomotors and drivers designed to optimize performances. Precision, repeatability, speed and consumptions reduced to really minimal levels. Air cooling, flexible typology and easy configuration: the ideal solution for high-tech moulding.
Ripress keeps up with the new technologies related to the INDUSTRY 4.0 protocol, offering a system able to store online any machines’ parameter and moulding data, allowing both access and editing through any PC or tablet device. On Google Play and App Store is available the RIPRESS APP that allows remote monitoring of all alarms and operating parameters of Your Ripress machine.
© 2019 Ripress. All rights reserved. Made with ♥ by Mosconi Group.

industry_corpus2: Manufacturing


text:
Available immediately one bedroom suite at the Hanna airport terminal.
The Spray Park Committee is asking all families, parents, grandparents, kids and citizens of Hanna and surrounding area to attend this event as a THANK YOU for continued support. Hear exciting news regarding location of the park, design ideas and features.
If you are unable to attend and would like to show your support, please feel free to send an email to hannaspraypark@gmail.com.
Check out the article in the Hanna Herald written Feb 12, 2019.
Drive safe this holiday weekend!
A municipal budget is the local government's central nervous system, by which all programs and services are funded. It is a financial plan that details the level of spending required to bring municipal services to the community and to maintain municipal assets.
The Municipal Government Act requires each Municipality to prepare operating can capital budgets for each calendar year. The budget must include estimated revenues to fund the estimated expenditures to operate and maintain the municipality.
Budget revenues are derived from transfers from reserves, franchise payments, funding agreements, license fees, user fees, government grants and taxes. Budget expenses include items such as salaries and benefits, repairs and maintenance, insurance, supplies, utilities and transfers to reserves.
Ultimately, the budget is used to determine if any increases to the property tax rate or user fees will be required.
Once Council adopts the budget it becomes part of the working documents for the auditor to review and include with the Annual Financial Statement and Financial Information Return. The Municipal Government At requires each Council to appoint one or more auditors for the municipality. Endeavor Chartered Accountants has been appointed by the Town of Hanna. The auditor prepares the Annual Financial Statements and Financial Information Return in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles for municipal governments recommended by the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants. These documents are submitted to Alberta Municipal Affairs for review.
The kids are off school and looking for something to do.

industry_corpus2: Politics & Administration


text:
Account Suffix Suffix... The 3-digit Account Suffix is the business location number. Most companies use one suffix (001), and some companies file for multiple suffixes (001, 002, 003, etc.). Contact Customer Services if you have questions about the correct business location number to use.
2. Previous Period(s) Adjustment Enter a - (negative sign) for an overpayment amount.
3. Adjustment Total This field will be computed for you.
6. Total Amount Due This field will be computed for you.
Check if this is an amended return.
At present, Virginia TAX does not support International ACH Transactions (IAT). Click IAT Notice to review the details.
Please note, a $35 fee may be assessed if your payment is declined by your financial institution as authorized by Code of Virginia §2.2-614.1. Visit our website for more information.
Please review your payment details below.
I, the undersigned president, vice-president, treasurer, assistant treasurer, chief accounting officer, owner, or other officer duly authorized to act, of the corporation for which this return is made, declare under the penalties provided by law that this return (including any accompanying schedules and statements) has been examined by me and is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, a true, correct, and complete return, made in good faith, for the taxable year stated, pursuant to the income tax laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. If prepared by a person other than taxpayer, their declaration is based on all information of which they have any knowledge.
Your Name Please enter your first and last name, and phone number. This information is kept confidential and is requested in the event that the Department needs to contact you about the submitted eForm.
Your Title -------- President Vice-President Treasurer Assistant Treasurer Chief Accounting Officer Owner Other Authorized Officer Other If you do not see your title listed, please select Other and provide your title.
Other Title Enter your Title.
Phone Number Please enter your first and last name, and phone number. This information is kept confidential and is requested in the event that the Department needs to contact you about the submitted eForm.
By checking the box to the left, I (we) authorize the Virginia Department of Taxation to discuss this return with the undersigned Tax Preparer.
Are you the Tax Preparer?
If you wish to receive a copy of the confirmation PDF, enter your email address below. This is optional and is provided as a backup if you cannot open/save the PDF on the next page. Entering your email address permits the Virginia Department of Taxation to email you the confirmation PDF for this transaction, which contains return and payment details.
The Department of Taxation discourages using non-business email addresses or shared mailboxes. Do not share this email or the contents therein with unauthorized persons. The Department of Taxation does not assume responsibility if an incorrect email address is entered.
Federal banking regulations have imposed additional reporting requirements on all electronic banking transactions that directly involve a financial institution outside of the territorial jurisdiction of the United States at any point in the process. These are called International ACH Transactions (IAT).
At present, TAX does not support IAT.
If an international transaction is processed by TAX as a domestic transaction, it may be rejected by the taxpayer's bank, subjecting the taxpayer to late penalties.
By instructing TAX to process the electronic banking transaction, you are certifiying that the transaction does not directly involve a financial institution outside of the territorial jurisdiction of the United States at any point in the process.
If any transaction is IAT, payment will need to be made using a paper check or by ACH Credit. For information about ACH Credit, please refer to TAX's Electronic Payment Guide.
Would you like to retrieve the data you saved on ?
If so enter your password and click OK. Otherwise click Cancel to start with a blank form.
You may also permanently delete this data from your computer.
Please enter a password to better protect and to save your eForm information on your computer.
You must use this password if you want to retrieve this information later when preparing your eForm.
Your password must be 8-12 characters with 1 uppercase, 1 lowercase and 1 numeric character.
By checking this box you understand that you are saving this form to your own computer and to access the form template in the future, you must use the same computer.

industry_corpus2: Finance & Economics


text:
Cool Math Bullet Waltz game is the adventure of a purple item like a pixel. It is trapped in an extremely dangerous place where bullets are continuously launched. The cannon will shoot the green ammo in every direction. And you must move skillfully to avoid them. Aside from that, you also have to stay away from the wall of Bullet Waltz. To get the high score, you should survive as long as possible. Let’s embark on this challenge and explore it right now! Good luck!
Use the arrow keys to move the purple item.


text: Come blog with us about brain injury! Interesting and informative postings by survivors, families, caregivers and staff of Lash and Associates. You’ll laugh; you’ll cry; you’ll want to tell your own story and this is the place to tell it! We’re always looking for new “bloggers”. Post your comments on our blog articles and share your experience. It’s easy to join this blog.


text:
Formerly the graveyard of Hackney’s parish church, the graves were cleared for a public garden. St Augustine’s Tower, Hackney’s oldest building and all that remains of the medieval parish church, will be open from 11am - 5pm offering a climb of 135 steps up a winding staircase for amazing rooftop views. No booking is required to climb the tower.
There will be guided 45 minutes tours of the Churchyard, at 2pm and 3.30pm, giving a fascinating introduction to the people who have been buried here, from the royally connected to shoemakers and from Lord Mayors of London to world explorers, as well as taking in the 'new' church of St John completed in 1797.
Walks will be led by Sean Gubbins, an experienced local guide who has researched and devised the walk.


text:
Spread a mat or bed sheet on the floor and stand straight upon it. Now bend your legs from the knees and sit down. Keep both the knees on the floor and sit upon the tiptoes. Now stretch left leg backward and right leg forward slowly. The legs should be stretched according to the capacity in the beginning of this asana. Both palms can be used for making the balance of the body in the beginning. Spread your legs as much as your hips touch to the floor. After coming in this position of asana, join both the hands like the pray position and look on the front side. Stay in this position for 2 minutes and take rest for 2 minutes after returning in the normal position. After that, stretch your right leg forward and left leg backward but the position of the hands should not be changed. Repeat this activity by changing the legs. Do this activity 2 times by changing the legs.
The practice of this asana makes the bones of abdomen flexible. It ends sciatica pain. This asana makes the nerves of the hands and feet strong. It makes thin to the waist and thighs muscles strong.
This asana is also useful in case of menstrual excretion disorders and hemorrhage.
Keep one thing in the brain that the practice of this asana appears difficult in the beginning. Therefore, stretch legs according to capacity in the beginning and try to do the practice of this asana completely. For the good beginning of this asana, do the practice of this asana in the supervision of a yoga guru.


text:
Home » Library » Business News » Could loophole mean no stamp duty surcharge for second homes?
Could loophole mean no stamp duty surcharge for second homes?
A complex loophole – as yet untested in the courts – could potentially mean that couples looking to purchase a second home, may be able to avoid stamp duty surcharges.
The potential get-out, disclosed by Telegraph Money, suggests that if a couple lives in their new property, but keeps their old home as a buy-to-let – they might be able to avoid thousands of pounds in additional stamp duty.
Experts are now studying the fine print of guidance issued by HM Revenue & Customs and are claiming there may possibly be room for manoeuvre depending on the definition of a “major interest” in a property, which is key to the surcharge.
The three per cent stamp duty surcharge was introduced in 2016 and affects anyone buying a residential property who already owns a “major interest” in another.
Most people purchase a home together as joint tenants which means they both have a right to the entire estate and one half of the property passes to the other when one party dies.
If two homeowners wish to have unequal shares or want to pass their share to another person in their Will, they must be ‘tenants in common’.
In theory, if a married couple owns unequal shares as tenants in common they might be able to avoid the surcharge if they wanted to make another property purchase but keep their existing home. The new home would need to be used as their main residence but they could potentially rent out their former home as a buy-to-let.
Nicola Tubbs, an Associate Executive and residential property expert with Palmers, explained: “The potential loophole is extremely complex and it is important to state that it is as yet untested in the courts.
“It does, however, raise important questions regarding the validity of HMRC guidelines and their interpretation of a “major interest” in a property.
For help and advice on all aspects of residential property legal matters, please contact us.


text:
During the Spring 2019 Lobby will show two exhibitions that address waiting. Waiting that war entails and the waiting which the asylumprocess forces upon people. This is the result of a collaboration with the curator Abir Boukhari, who came to Sweden from Damaskus, Syria in 2015.
The first exhibition - ”I am Just a Number”- shows drawings by Muhammad Ali. It is an attempt to grapple with the number that was written on his arm upon arrival on Samos on his way to Sweden. This number can seem like a ticket to a queue and thus as representing a kind of order after the chaos of war. But it is just as much a symbol of the disorder of the asylum process in Europe for those that are forced to endure it.
This is an exhibition space set up at Kåken hus on Norrköping Campus, to communicate, confront and contextualize research on Campus. The project is run by Erik Berggren and receives financial support from Riksbankens Jubileumsfond and the research council FORMAS.
Paula Urbano met a man that applied for asylum, but got deported from Sweden. The film takes form during the year she followed him from Flen, Eskilstuna, Baghdad and Teheran. In her artistic practice Urbano explores existential uncertainty. A condition that arises when fundamental existential components are subject to uncalculated ruptures, are questioned or changed more or less drastically, more or less violently. In this case for the asylum seeking man: after deportation to Irak an unsafe country in war. With references to Don Quijote a meeting takes form that also concerns the task of the Artist. The viewer him/herself has to navigate through possible stories and is maybe confronted with his/her own prejudices along the way.
This ongoing series looks at the immigration of Iranian youths to distant countries, aspiring to find a better situation and lead a successful life.
They leave their own country, not to experience new things, but as a form of evacuation, like those who are flood-stricken and forced to seek refuge in a foreign land. This is a daily experience, visiting young students who are trying desperately to leave their country; some wishing to pursue their educational goals and others seeking permanent residency abroad. This project presents their last portraits, taken before theyleave their motherland, as a memory for them to hold, of a land that they may never see again.
This exhibition has been curated by Erik Berggren and produced together with a fantastic group of students from the Program of Ethnic and Migration Studies. Thanks to Esther, Samina, Joachim, Mischa, Gabriella, Chrissy, Mansi. Also thanks to Glenn Dahlberg at LiU-service for all your help.
This is an exhibition about movements. The movements of refugees, thats is a starting point, but here the focus lies on movements of engagement, knowledge and solidarity.
The photos taken by Renzo Arcuri, Celina Ortega Soto and Nedžad Mešić, exist because of their physical movement and their solidarity with refugees in camps in Greece. Nedzads photos also captures the formation of a movement, an embryo to a union organisation among informal migrant workers in Northern Sweden - berry pickers.


text:
Pick up the bush, torch, and door decoration. Replace the snakes with the objects (left side should look the same as the right).
Drag the snakes to their spots above the door.

industry_corpus2: Others


text:
Diocese of New York-New Jersey - YONKERS NY: Archpastoral Visit, Ordination, Award, Blessing, and more!
On Saturday and Sunday, December 21-22, 2013, the parish of Holy Trinity in Yonkers welcomed His Grace, Bishop Michael, for an archpastoral visitation that was filled with joyous celebrations, recognitions, and blessings. Met at the parish rectory by Deacons John Eby, Gregory Hatrak, Evan Freeman, and Kyle Parrott, together with altar servers, singers, and children carrying holy icons, His Grace processed to the church, where, prior to beginning the Divine Liturgy, he tonsured veteran altar server Christopher Nolan to the office of Reader and ordained him a Subdeacon. During the Hierarchical Liturgy, parish Deacon John Eby was elevated to the rank of Protodeacon. An alumnus of St. Vladimir’s Seminary who has belonged to Holy Trinity Church for over 30 years, Protodeacon John has served as a deacon for over a decade at the Yonkers parish. The church’s Rector and Secretary to the Bishop, Fr. David Cowan, was awarded the Gold Cross by His Grace.
Archpriest Nicholas Harris, father-in-law of Fr. David, concelebrated at the Liturgy. Fr. David’s parents, James and Penny Cowan of Anchorage, Alaska, also shared in the celebration, as did his mother-in-law, Matushka Anastasia Harris. Sharing the joyous day as well were Subdeacon Christopher’s parents John and Kathleen Nolan, his wife Suzanne, and their three children, Andrew, Peter, and Frances, along with many members of the St. Vladimir’s Seminary community who came to honor Protodeacon John.
At a festive luncheon following the Liturgy, the Church School children presented a highly energetic skit, “Saint George and the Dragon.” Police Captain John Mueller (4th Precinct, Yonkers Police) was honored by the parish and presented an icon of St. Andrei Rublev’s “Holy Trinity” for his tireless labors on behalf of the churches and residents of the Trinity Plaza neighborhood. Parish Council President Dr. Victoria Statkevicus congratulated Subdeacon Christopher, Protodeacon John, and Father David, presenting them with generous gifts from their parish family. She also presented Bishop Michael with a gift to the Distinguished Diocesan Benefactor Fund of $7,500 from Holy Trinity Church – a contribution which His Grace noted was the largest gift given to the DDB Fund by a parish in 2013.
After lunch, the youth of the parish and their families gathered in the newly completed Teen Room – a spacious classroom in the church’s Education Building that has been completely repainted, refurnished, and re-purposed as a place of learning and fellowship for the Senior High church school class and the “HTO YOUth” group. Bishop Michael blessed the Teen Room, dousing walls and worshippers alike with generous quantities of holy water! His Grace remarked fondly that the friendships that have lasted the longest and meant the most in his own life were begun during his childhood in church – and he encouraged the youth of Holy Trinity to gather in their new room as often as possible to form those same, lifelong friendships. The Bishop stayed after the blessing service to enjoy the new room and visit with the faithful.
The people of Holy Trinity Church in Yonkers are grateful to God for blessing them with this memorable celebration in the days leading to the Great and joyous Feast of Our Lord’s Nativity!


text:
Scott Harrison has admitted that there was more fight in the Hartlepool United squad of two years ago.
But the centre-half believes the current players will conjure together enough willingness to survive relegation this season, writes Chris Bell.
Harrison was a key player in Ronnie Moore’s Great Escape, but the defender once again finds himself in a similar situation, with Pools just one point and a place above second-bottom Newport County going into Saturday’s match against Barnet.
Following the weekend’s game, Pools travel to fellow relegation-threatened Cheltenham Town before welcoming promoted Doncaster Rovers on the final day.
Harrison believes the team have enough quality to cement their Football League status, but just hopes that mentally they increase their standards.
“It just feels like it [the fight] comes and goes a bit now and it needs to be 100% all the time.
“It feels that the lads are letting the pressure get to them, but we need to stand up and be counted for three more games.
“We need to stick together. We’ve been playing well prior to the last three games. We need to get back to that.
“We are good enough. We went to Portsmouth and drew and drew with Plymouth at home who have already been promoted.
Besides personal pride, Harrison wants to get back to winning ways against Barnet to reward the home support.
“It’s three games to put everything into it, to get three wins,” he added.
“It might not even need that but I think we need to have a bit of pride about it and get the three wins to give the fans something to cheer about.
“There was 350 fans at Orient and we absolutely let them down.
“The fans have been fantastic.
“We got booed off at half-time and full-time and it was fully deserved.

industry_corpus2: Sports


text:
I teach ninth grade at a school in Houston, Texas. I teach three double-blocked classes, meaning that I teach the same group of kids for two class periods in a row, three times a day. That’s 100 minutes of class time. Fifteen of those minutes are dedicated to independent reading. We call it JRB time, because, ideally, kids are reading their “just right book” – a book that is perfect just for them.
At the beginning of the year, I felt like this time was well-spent. Kids read. But our routine was quickly interrupted by Harvey, and when we returned, we tried to get back to it. We never did reach the same level of reading satisfaction, though. With the New Year, however, I want to make things right. Getting kids to read–and to do so willingly and enthusiastically–is not as simple as telling them they have to read for a set amount of time. In fact, that is usually the exact wrong way to do it. So, here’s what I’m going to do instead.
1. Talk about books. This one should come easily to me. I have been telling the internet about books for years. Yet I find that I don’t take the time to talk about books to the kids as often as I should.
When I took a moment after JRB time to talk about a nearby school district removing The Hate U Give from their shelves, the kids acted surprised, like it was odd that I knew anything about a book that we weren’t explicitly studying in class. But they were also interested, and more than one person asked to borrow it. Those who had already read it chimed in with their own positive reviews.
2. Read with the kids. I don’t mean read to them, though that can be enjoyable on occasion (for me, anyway). I mean that it would be so much more effective if they saw me sitting there, enthusiastically digging into my own JRB. They have seen me read a few pages of the next book on our class reading list, but I don’t think they have ever seen me read for fun. I’ve reported back that I finished a book or two over a weekend or a holiday break, but I think that seeing me do it will make a greater impact than just telling them I do. The proof, they say, is in the pudding.
3. Ask them what they want to read. I’ve done okay at this one. I have a whole shelf for manga, and I know next to nothing about them. One kid asked, and now I let them take turns making requests. I buy one or two every time I get paid.
The rest of the books are there because I think they should be. They are the books that I think my kids would like. And they do! But they have been on the shelves for a while, and they need something new. One of the first things I intend to do when we are back in class in January is to ask them what they want to read – specific titles or genres or authors – and I’m going to do my future book shopping from that list.
None of these resolutions should be difficult to keep, as long as I don’t let responsibility and obligation get in the way. If things go the way I hope, then I’ll have 72 students who are a lot more enthusiastic about reading when the school year ends. That’s the kind of motivation that would make all of my resolutions a lot easier to keep.


text:
At Cockton Hill Infants School, we believe that we can achieve the best for our children by close co-operation between school and home, and this brochure is intended to help you understand more about our life and work at school.
If you require any further information, please contact the school and we will do our best to help.
Our school brochure is available in PDF format and can be viewed or downloaded by clicking the link below.


text: The incredible new GMC Canyon, available in Doylestown, makes sure that your journey is full of comfort, power and absolute silence. Its state-of-the-art safety and Driver Alert technologies keep you and your passengers safe and sound. The new GMC Canyon, offered in Doylestown, is a small pickup truck that offers exceptional storage, conveniently placed controls and driver-centric features. You have up-to-date technologies, like available built-in Wi-Fi Hotspot and eight-inch-diagonal Color Touch Radio3, that will allow you to stay connected and in control. Choose a new GMC Canyon from our Doylestown store and we will help you with financing options. Check out the promotions and specials rolled out by our dealership on the purchase of a new GMC vehicle. Just browse through our website and pick what you like. Test-drive the new GMC Canyon at our Doylestown dealership. Stop by today!

industry_corpus2: Automobiles


text:
This week, we brought more than just a bouquet of flowers to Suze's angel monument. I brought a print of my finished portrait of her, too, framed as durably as I knew how. The real thing was hanging a block away at the Graveside, in the entranceway to Mrs. Gautier's Suzanna White exhibition. Mrs. Gautier had loved it. She had practically smiled at the sight of it. Even I had to admit it made the perfect entrance to the exhibit, hanging beside Suze's own self-portrait.
I placed our bouquet next to the print and spared only the quickest glance for the once-white lilies, tied with a single red ribbon, that lay, decayed, at Suze's feet. They used to always be fresh and glowing, but I had a feeling I knew why that had changed. They were from James. Now he was in jail, waiting for his trial. This bouquet had died, and there would be no new ones to take its place.
Sighing, I looked up at Suze's serene, marble face. I didn't know why Suze made Owen wait as long as she did-why she'd made both of us wait. Maybe it was in her nature to allow a certain amount of suffering. Or maybe some things had always been outside her control. It didn't matter anymore; I could only be grateful to her for bringing us together, after all this time.
Owen's hand found mine, and I squeezed his fingers possessively.
Ferdy bounded up to Owen and me and nosed at my pockets. I smiled as I slipped him another biscuit. "That dog is becoming your shadow," Owen remarked.
"My huge, fluffy, drooling shadow."
The sadness from the graveyard slipped away from us both as we walked out from underneath the pine boughs, onto the sunny sidewalks of Church Street. The rest of the day spread out before us like a fresh canvas. We had many days like this now. Sometimes we went to the beach or hung out at the pub with Kaye and Andy and maybe Rusty or Muscles. Even Miserable Margot joined us every once in a while, though she wasn't quite so miserable anymore.
Other days, I would paint while Owen tinkered with one of his instruments. We often went outside since Owen was still rebuilding his workshop and since Fall Island had so many secret meadows and sea caves and forest clearings. But sometimes we stayed in. Owen had framed a few of my paintings-I was slowly building up my portfolio for my application to art school-and had hung them on the walls in Suze's old room. It felt like a real room now, a cozy, happy place that you wanted to spend time in. So we did. I thought Suze would have been glad about it.
"You know," Owen said, as we turned onto Main Street, "you don't have to take your easel back with you every time you leave my place."
"What if I want to paint in the middle of the night?"
With a laugh, he pulled me close and kissed me. "Only you would worry about that."
I tugged away from him and walked nonchalantly down the block. "Did I tell you Kaye is moving out in September? Andy is talking about getting his own place when that happens, maybe downtown."
"Yeah?" I could hear the tension in his voice.
"I was thinking I don't want to find three new housemates. But that means I'll need a new place to live," I continued airily. "I'd be sad to leave my little attic, but I suppose the right place could be worth it."
He stopped walking, and I turned to face him, my cheeks warm with joy.
"Are you sure you'll be ready?" he asked me quietly. "I don't want-"
"I'm sure," I told him. "I'm absolutely sure."
He seized me by the shoulders and kissed me hard, dazzlingly. When he drew back, a smile crooked the corner of his beautiful mouth.
A little breathless, I realized that we were standing in the middle of Main Street, with Ferdy snuffling around our feet. A group of tourists, huge topo maps in hand, pointed and giggled at us.
"Is there room for a huge, fluffy, drooling shadow?" I asked, ignoring the tourists. "Your mom said she wants to give him to me, when he's better trained, but I-"
"Of course there's room," Owen said. "It's getting hard to separate you two, anyway."
"And you can tolerate how messy I am?" I asked, with a pang of worry.
Owen laughed as he kissed my ear, sending a shiver of pleasure down my spine. "I'm sure you'll make me crazy, with paintbrushes and lipsticks everywhere." He moved from my ear to my neck.
"And you'll make me crazy," I told him, grinning and wrapping my arms around him, "using a T-square to make sure your carpet is laid out straight."
"I don't even own a T-square."
"You totally do," I said, and he laughed again, his breath warm against my neck.
"I actually have several." He kissed my collarbone. I tried to wriggle out of his grip, aware that Bob the grocer was giving us an annoyed look, but he held me in place. "Miranda," he murmured, into my throat, "I want to sleep next to you at night, and make mallorcas with you in the morning, and trip over your sketchbooks. I want to live with you more than anything, no matter how messy you are or how many dogs you bring home with you. But only if you're ready."
"I'm ready," I told him again. And I was. But I loved him even more for wanting to be sure.
"Get a room, you two!" someone called out good-naturedly, and Owen and I both laughed. I glanced over and saw Chrissy, who ran the liquor store, waving cheerfully at us, next to a few more grinning, pointing tourists. We waved back.
A professionally edited and overall much-improved edition of Set Me Free is now available in stores, as an ebook and in print, for those of you who would like to buy it! ❤ Check out my profile for links to all major retailers.
If you'd like to see more of my writing, you can follow me on Wattpad, Twitter, or tumblr, or sign up my newsletter on my website. I always have lots of projects in the works!


text:
It’s that time of year when most of us are heading off on holiday. I love jetting off to new countries and since you’re a reader of Elle’s blog, I’m guessing you do too.
There are a few things I always do before visiting a new place and I’d like to share them with you to make your holiday planning that little bit easier. So here’s my list of seven things to do before you get on that plane.
1. Compare holiday deals online.
There are so many websites now where you can search for cheap flights, hotels or package holidays, so don’t just book the first thing you see. A little research could save you so much money – money you could spend on great experiences while you’re away. Some of my favourites are Expedia, booking.com and lastminute.com. AirBnB is also good for affordable accommodation.
2. Research the country you’re travelling to.
Find out about the climate, culture, which immunisations you’ll need beforehand (if any) and whether you can drink the water there. The last thing you need is to make yourself sick hundreds of miles away from home, or to be caught in monsoon season with nothing to wear but your bikini top and hotpants.
3. Get your travel money.
Find out which currency you’ll need for the country you’re travelling to and buy it in advance. Like holiday deals, you can compare exchange rates online to find who’s offering the most for your money. In general, I’ve found that the worst place to change your money up is at the airport – their rates are terrible and if you don’t already have your travel money before you fly, it’s often better to wait until you reach your destination to change it up.
4. Learn a few useful phrases.
You don’t have to be able to speak the language fluently, but it’s helpful to know a few basic words and phrases so you’re able to speak to the locals. It shows that you’re willing to make an effort – I’ve found that it makes people warm to you a lot more than if you just expect them to speak English. Not everyone can (or is willing to) so it’ll be easier for you to buy things in shops and ask for directions if you know a little of their language.
5. Find out the best places to stay/eat/visit.
There’s nothing better than word of mouth, so if you know someone who has already visited the place you’re going to, ask them for their recommendations – what was their favourite restaurant? Which attractions are the best? Is there anywhere off the beaten track or less touristy that they think you should definitely explore? If you can’t find anyone in ‘real life’ who’s been there, take to the internet. Sites like Trip Advisor and Lonely Planet can be so helpful when planning a getaway.
6. Make a list of everything you need to buy.
Once you’ve researched the place you’re travelling to, write down everything you’ll need to take with you. Then go and buy anything you don’t already have. But travel light – you really don’t want to be lugging a massive suitcase or heavy rucksack around with you. Try not to take anything you won’t use or wear. Pack clothes you can mix and match to wear again and again: things which can be dressed up with a pair of heels for the evening and dressed down with some sandals for the beach or sightseeing during the day.
You’ll need to take some hand luggage on the plane with you, especially if you’re flying long haul. Essentials include your passport and boarding pass, some money, a good book, snacks, the address of wherever you’re staying, any medications you take regularly and anything you can’t live without if the airline loses your luggage. For this reason you should also include a change of clothes (or at least underwear). It’s also a good idea to pack some things like hand lotion, chapstick, a toothbrush, face wipes, make-up, deodorant and a travel pillow to make your flight more comfortable.
I hope these tips have been helpful and reminded you of a few things you may have forgotten or not even thought of doing before you travel. Wherever you’re off to this year, I hope you have a safe and fun journey and come back home with a plethora of happy memories to last a lifetime.
Nic is the owner of the site Nic’s Health Lifestyle – where she shares her health, fitness and lifestyle tips, be sure to visit her site here and follow her on Twitter here!
How to Prep for a Long Haul Flight – with FREE Carry On Luggage Packing List!


text:
The design of an experiment is typically limited by the experience and knowledge of the designer and the available equipment and chemicals. This presents a barrier to exploring breakthrough concepts or areas that are outside the experience of the designer or the practical limitations, and so limits creativity and learning.
The ability to run fast simulations of physical and chemical properties of materials on a standard laptop computer, can open up new avenues of exploration. The student can now quickly explore and test new ideas for feasibility before designing new experiments, and even run some experiments on the computer itself.
This talk will illustrate the use of some fast computational tools for property prediction (based on quantum chemistry, statistical thermodynamics, and QSAR, etc.) that can offer new insights and novel information for the student. Released from the constraints of their limited experience and the available chemicals and hardware, these new tools enable the students to more fully explore their own creativity, test out their own ideas, and gain valuable new insights.