text:
It would be useful if Tent.io could describe itself in the world of protocols I know, particularly PuSH, XMPP, and SMTP.
I think the notion of a distributed social network is an interesting one, and I've been pondering how it might work. I think I've got a scheme for one, which I'll outline in this post, and I think it might not take that long to throw it together with off-the-shelf open source and a dedicated hack day.
Use existing, open standards. This increases the likelihood of finding good open source code to use when building software, ensures that a distributed marketplace of (interoperable!) clients and servers could arise, and increases the likelihood of avoiding platform specificity. Plus, giants have pretty high shoulders. I have limited hack time; I'm not into wheel reinvention.
Central service provider not required. This is pretty fundamental; means there's no central organization that owns/has access to everything ("creepy alert!"), but also that there's no central organization that can be subjected to lawsuits (e.g. Napster).
Users have control over sharing. At least for the initial communication, users need to be able to say exactly who gets to see a piece of content. Of course, once you've shared something with someone else, there's no stopping that other person from sharing it further, but that's what social trust is all about.
TL;DR. S/MIME, public key crypto, Atom.
To expand: everyone runs their own AtomPub server somewhere, or contracts with a service provider to do it on their behalf. Multiple PaaS and IaaS providers have a free tier of service, which is almost certainly more than enough for most users. I get whole tens of visits to my blog every day. And I am not a prolific sharer: looks like I've averaged 1.1 tweets per day since starting to use Twitter. "Roflscale" is probably enough, to be honest. Easy recoverability probably more important than high availability for a single-user server/hosted PaaS app, so I think this could be done for less than $10 a year (most of which is probably just buying a domain name). Given the relatively low traffic, actual friends could pretty easily share infrastructure.
Now, I'm the only one who posts to that Atom feed, and anyone can poll it at any time. The trick is that the content is encrypted, and you specify who gets access to the decryption key. Basically, you generate a random (symmetric) encryption key for the content, then public-key encrypt copies of the content key for all your recipients. Put it all together in one multipart package, upload to, say, S3, and then post a link to it on your Atom feed. Of interest is that neither S3 (the storage) nor the AtomPub server care one whit about the encryption/decryption stuff.
Interestingly, following gets somewhat inverted. You can post content intended for someone who never subscribes to your feed (gee, I hope he notices me!). You can also subscribe to someone's feed who never encrypts stuff for you. But you can see anyone's public broadcasts, of course. Actual "friending" is just GPG key exchange and an addition of the key to appropriate keyrings to represent friend groups/circles.
On the client side, then, it's mostly about subscribing to people's Atom feeds, polling them periodically (for which HTTP caching will really help a lot), cracking open the content encryption keys with your own private key, then interleaving and displaying the content.
That's about it. Definitely possible to layer PubSubHubbub on top to get more realtime exchange; no reason your free tier server couldn't host one of those for you too. Or perhaps just a feed aggregation proxy that would interleave all your subscriptions for you (without needing to understand who any of the recipients were, or even if you were one of the recipients!).
Roughly, get a simple AtomPub server stood up somewhere. Apache Abdera has a tutorial for doing exactly that, if you can implement the storage interface (MySql/Postgresql/SimpleDB/S3 I think would all work; looks to be just a Map). Front with Apache and some form of authentication module. Alternatively, grab Abdera and retrofit into Java Google AppEngine and use Google federated OpenID for login.
Client side, cobble together a UN*X command-line client out of bash/Python/Ruby/whatever, depending on what open source is out there. It'd be kind of neat to perhaps do commands interleaved on the command line, in MH style. Everybody's got an HTTP client library that can be made to convince the server you're you. AtomPub clients are available in Python (1,2), Java (3,4), Ruby (5,6). GnuPG for the public key implementation. Bouncycastle has a Java S/MIME implementation. Lots of S3 clients out there (7,8).
I think it's entirely possible to have a simple client and server up in a day with a smallish group of folks (5-6). If there are more folks we can also try multiple clients and servers.
Since @kellan started this off by mentioning tent.io, and this is an attempt to slap something together with off-the-shelf stuff, it felt more like a lean-to made out of a tarp than a true tent, so I've snarfed the domain name tarpio.us (which is the closest I could come to something that meant "like a tarp" that lined up with a cheap TLD). Cool part, of course, is that there's no reason tent.io and tarpio.us couldn't interoperate with protocol bridges someday.
If you're interested, hit me up on Twitter at @jon_moore or follow along on GitHub. I'll see when I can free up for a hackday soon!
I'm not advocating violating copyrights here, merely noting that Napster was a P2P system with a single point of failure (an organization that could be sued).
What kind of string is this?
Well, it's a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) as well as a URL (Uniform Resource Locator). But wait, that means the whole string (check RFC 2396) is resource identifier, which means the whole thing identifies a resource (literally). Not just the "http://example.com/path" part.
I often run into folks that think this string identifies a "http://example.com/path" resource that happens to take a parameter, which is understandable, because this is how almost every web framework is set up to implement it (identify your "/path" route, set up your controller, pick off the parameters as arguments).
However, from an HTTP point of view, and especially from a hypermedia point of view, this isn’t right. HTTP (the protocol) treats everything from the path onward as an opaque string--it shows up as a single token on the Request Line. The whole thing (query included) is used as the key for an HTTP cache. In fact, the only difference between a URL like "http://example.com/path?query=foo" and one like "http://example.com/path/query/foo" is that the former is not cacheable by default if it comes from an HTTP/1.0 origin server. That's it. And even that can be overridden with explicit Cache-Control or Expires headers.
From a hypermedia client point of view, you don't care which style of URL is used. Sure, you might have to construct your HTTP request slightly differently if there are query parameters involved, but that's mechanical--no semantics involved, just syntactically parsing the URL to figure out how to GET it. The only reason to prefer one over the other is purely stylistic; most modern web frameworks can pluck arguments out of a path as easily as they can out of query parameters.
Remember, a hypermedia client never constructs URLs on its own; besides a few well-known entry-points (which it should treat opaquely), it is only using URLs directly fed to it by the server, or constructed according to recipes provided by the server (typically through forms or link templates). This here is probably the main driver for which style you want to use; do you want to use HTML forms, which, for GET, use query parameters, or do you want to use link templates, which tend to use path parameters, stylistically (although they can support query parameters too)?
So in a hypermedia world, there’s really no such thing as a "RESTful" URL structure; a truly RESTful client--one which understands and uses hypermedia affordances--doesn't care.
The humble list is one of our simplest and yet most powerful data structures--so much so that we will even routinely write them out by hand. We put them on sticky notes to help us remember things we need to do or things we need to buy from the grocery store. We even use them for entertainment. In this post I'll explain how to represent and manipulate lists using hypermedia techniques.
The most straightforward list representation actually doesn't look that different than a handwritten to-do list; the text/uri-list media type just consists of one URI per line. This makes the format incredibly concise, since there is very little syntactic structure (just interleaved line breaks!), while making it completely general through the use of globally unambiguous identifiers.
The above assume, of course, that I am properly authenticated and authorized to modify the list. If the original list resource had an ETag or Last-Modified header, I would supply If-Match or If-Unmodified-Since headers on my modification request.
These general approaches will work very well up through relatively large lists, although at some point your list will get bigger than you are willing to serve in a single representation. Now it's time to add pagination!
Points to the first page of the list.
Points to the last page of the list.
Points to the next page in the list.
Points to the previous page in the list.
delete all the entries on the first page only?
Then I could treat PUTs, DELETEs, PATCHes and POSTs to /list as if they were targeting the entire list, and treat requests to /list/page/1 as if they were targeting just the first page.
But back to our client conundrum; perhaps our server doesn't adhere to this redirect convention--it's certainly not an official standard. How do we proceed? Well, if our goal (and writing "goal-oriented" clients is a good orientation for hypermedia clients) is to delete the whole list, then we can just alternate DELETEs with GETs until the whole thing is gone. Either the DELETE affects the whole list in the first shot, or it deletes just the first page. In the latter case, I've made progress and can repeatedly delete the first page until I'm done.
If our goal, however, is just to remove the first page, we probably want to PATCH it. However, that's not a commonly implemented HTTP verb (expect 501 NOT IMPLEMENTED or 405 METHOD NOT ALLOWED), and there isn't a standardized text diff media type yet anyway, so that might not work. In this case, our client may well have to be prepared to DELETE the entire list and then reconstruct just the desired parts with PUT and/or POST.
What's very interesting about this is that the client as we've described it actually implements a closed-loop control mechanism. It takes sensor readings or receives feedback via "examining" the system with GETs, and then takes further actions based on its current goal and the current state of the system. For a really good introduction to how this can lead to very robust systems, see "GN&C Fault Protection Fundamentals" by Robert Rasmussen; although the paper is about spacecraft guidance systems (cool!) its concepts are easily applicable to software systems in general.
The text/uri-list, while a great format for capturing list membership and order, doesn't tell a recipient anything about the actual members of the list. In that sense, it's all identifier and no data. For those list members that are URLs, we can attempt to GET them or check their HEAD or ask for their OPTIONS to get more information. For URIs that are not locators (and hence dereferenceable), like URNs or Tag URIs, we'd have to consult a lookup service or have access to other out-of-band information. At any rate, if a client was looking for a particular member of a list, it might have to make several more requests before it could find the right one. In particular, a human looking at the list in a browser will likely have to do a bunch of cut-n-pasting to fully investigate the list contents.
Query results are represented by a list of links with summary information, not by arrays of object representations.
In other words, along with the links, we want to provide a little extra contextual information to make it easier for the client to identify what they're looking for. The text/uri-list format lacks this extra context and assumes the recipient can find it elsewhere easily. Perhaps we should look for alternative formats that are nearly as concise but which also provide opportunity to supply the little bit of context Fielding describes. Two immediate options that spring to mind are Atom+XML and Collection+JSON, which are media types whose domains specifically include lists.
To take advantage of these I may need to adjust my client's Accept header to specify my preference for them. But at any rate, if the resource is a list, there's no reason a client couldn't GET it as Atom, and then POST a single URI onto it with text/uri-list, so long as the client and server understand both media types. If the server doesn't, it may well reply with a 415 UNSUPPORTED MEDIA TYPE and then the client may try again if it has another option.
I've given you a brief tour about how to deal with hypermedia lists in a standardized way, relying on the documented semantics of HTTP and various media types. I believe it should be possible to construct relatively robust and general client libraries for dealing with lists in all their incarnations; that would be a great open source project...hint hint.

industry_corpus2: Computing & Telecommunications


text:
I shout about brilliant business ideas and their founders’ success, building profiles in the media and positioning people as thought leaders in their field. As a publicist I’ve worked in PR for more than 8 years, on everything from cars to chocolate – eventually finding my niche in business and entrepreneurship, across a variety of industries to keep things interesting. I started my own business a few months ago and have been lucky to work with digital marketing experts, artists, book launches, property experts and even a wine retailer.
After completing a double major in Psychology and Public Relations at Monash University and a few internships, I landed a role working at Honda Australia where I helped launch some exciting hybrid cars and learnt from some very talented people. From there I picked up the pace and moved to agency life. I even moved to Sydney for a few years before returning home to Melbourne, the land of great coffee.
While I live for the rush of seeing my clients faces in the news, I admit I’ve been slow to warm to the idea of putting my own face and name out there. I’m currently building a website for my new business and wanted some photos with personality.
I looked at a few photographers, but fell in love with Lizzy’s portraits of people who looked kind, friendly and whom I’d want to do business with. They were corporate without feeling too staged and all looked like lovely people.
Lizzy C Photography was definitely the right choice! I had lost a bit of sleep in anticipation of the shoot and turned up a bit flustered after my GPS wanted to take me on a 5 hour detour, but Lizzy made me feel instantly relaxed. It was easy and the photos turned out great. I’d highly recommend her to anyone looking to get professional portraits taken.

industry_corpus2: Media & Journalism


text:
Offering a deep and intense flavour, this mutton loin chop can be slowly grilled or braised to make a tasty dish.
Excellent meat, as with all mutton chops it needs to be well cooked to just crispy, result is quite succulent and tasty! Will buy from you again.
Would recommend,as do my Dogs with all the Produce.

industry_corpus2: Agriculture & Fisheries


text:
Engineered with Sightmark’s Triple Duty™ concept, the 1-6x24TMD features a Tactical Mil-Dash first-focal plane reticle for rangefinding and quick target acquisition in competition, tactical or hunting scenarios. Precision-machined with high definition optics and premium Japanese glass, the Pinnacle 1-6x24TMD offers crystal clear resolution from edge to edge, free from distortions at any magnification.
The red/green illuminated reticle remains in the same visual proportion to the target across the riflescope’s entire magnification range, allowing shooters to rangefind and shoot with holdovers at any magnification effectively. Its true 1x provides both-eyes-open usage for increased situational awareness at close range, while the 6x optical system hones in on far-away targets with ease.
The device includes fully adjustable ballistic-tested BDC dials for both 5.56x45 55gr and 7.62x51 180gr loads. The riflescope boasts constant eye relief and a 6:1 zoom ratio for long-range shots, a wide field of view and 5 brightness settings for unmatched clarity in bright to lowlight conditions. Waterproof, fog proof and shock proof, it is fully submergible to 1m of water. Shooters have the luxury of a capped or exposed turret option as well as scratch-resistant lenses, helping to further protect the optic from impact. This kit also comes with a single piece qd mount and a throw lever attachment.The National Tactical Officers Association has tested and recommended this unit.

industry_corpus2: Aerospace


text:
There are sailboat riggers, sailboat rigging apprentices, and then there are master riggers. At what point do you achieve master status? Well it is all a matter of who is handing out these titles, I guess. Regardless of who is handing out titles, after 20 years of practicing any one skill or trade, you have become a master in my book!
Patrick Jinks, born in 1940 in Atlanta Georgia, has experiences that far supersede that of any rigging technician I have ever met and quite possibly will ever meet. Initially, Pat had attended the University of Miami with hopes of majoring in music and minoring in meteorology. Instead he found himself graduating from a Miami vocational school and getting certified by what was then called the C.A.B., or Civilian Aeronautics Board. He ended up becoming double certified in aircraft air frame construction as well as aircraft power plant mechanics. His dreams were to always become a line mechanic with a major commercial airline. Commercial air travel was a still fairly new and a very unique line of business back then and was also seen as a prestigious form of employment.
Patrick Jinks Hard At Work!
However, in 1959, Pat took a position at Florida Wire & Rigging as the Shop Foreman. He led a team of riggers on some very unique jobs, one of them being a project for one of the newer government agencies at the time called NASA. Almost 10 years later he was offered a position with the famous Robert E. Director Shipyard as a rigging technician where his focus would be mainly very large sailing vessels. He ended up taking the position and stayed gainfully employed with the Director Shipyard for approximately 8 years before he had moved on to a more secure future working for the United States Naval Station in Annapolis, Maryland. There he headed up the rigging department until 1982 (just for a reference I was 2 years old and he had already 23 years of rigging experience). Pat then decided to move on to Bay Rigging and Supply, which what was at that time the Mid-Atlantic’s largest and most complete rigging services firm. He stayed with the company for a decade as General Manager and Head Rigger before the company went out of business in 1992. Pat found great alternative employment with the a new premier rigging company by the name of Chesapeake Rigging, Annapolis Spars Ltd as their master rigger.
On November 7, 2011 Patrick Jinks at the ripe young age of 71, decided to retire from the rigging world. Pat witnessed the closing of yet another major rigging firm, and decided it was time to call it quits.
7 years ago, I could have only hoped to work along the side of someone with the likes of him. Now I find myself among the fortunate few that was privileged enough to have him show me many, but I’m sure not all, of his tips and tricks that only 53 years of rigging experience could provide.
Even though he has outlived many of his past employers as well as, I am sure, many of his co-workers, Pat lives here in Annapolis today and likes to enjoy a good round of golf once in while. He’ll even stop by our shop just to say hello and see how things are going. So Pat, this is for you- thank you for your tutelage and your friendship, may your drives be long and straight!
Tags: annapolis, Annapolis Spars, Annapolis' Best Rigger, Chesapeake Rigging, Jimmie Cockerill, master rigger, Patrick Jinks, Rigger, riggers, rigging, sailboat, Sailing, Sean Simmons, The Best Riggers In The World, the rigging company, tri-state area, yacht riggersCategories: Home is where the heart is, Rigging, Sailing, The Biz!

industry_corpus2: Manufacturing


text: Welcome to Berkshire's online dating site for singles in Welford, we're here to help you make new friends and start relationships with local people around Welford, Berkshire. If you're serious about wanting to meet someone in Welford and are looking forward to getting yourself out on some fun dates then you have found the right dating website. We're not just a Welford dating site, we're focused on making new relationships that last. Something that takes effort and commitment on both sides, a serious dating site for Welford singles who are ready to date.

industry_corpus2: Others


text:
A plan from the federal Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) to assess the feasibility of housing unaccompanied illegal immigrant children at two airfields in Baldwin County is being met with hostility by elected officials at the federal and local levels because of concerns about the lack of infrastructure at the sites and the plan’s potential impact on the county.
ORR, a division of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, notified officials of the assessments in a letter last week. In the letter Rose Hacking, an HHS representative, said ORR is trying to identify locations to provide shelter for potential increases in unaccompanied children apprehended at the Mexican border.
The letter notified officials HHS would soon schedule site assessments at the Naval Outlying Fields in Silverhill and Josephine to determine the feasibility of using the sites as semipermanent shelters if HHS exceeds its current shelter capacity. Wolf Field is located north of Bay La Launch in Josephine; it was built prior to 1945 and used as a satellite airfield for NAS Pensacola. The Silverhill field is located south of Baldwin County 54 and north of State Highway 104, west of River Road South.
“Planning for temporary increased shelter is a prudent step to ensure that ORR is able to meet its legal responsibility to provide shelter for unaccompanied children referred to its care by the Department of Homeland Security and to allow the U.S. Border Patrol to continue its vital national security mission to prevent illegal migration, trafficking and protect the borders of the United States,” Hacking’s letter reads.
According to Hacking’s letter HHS currently has 8,700 beds in its “shelter network” and an additional 2,000 beds on reserve if needed. Some reserve beds are already available at the Homestead Job Corps Center in Homestead, Florida, and the semipermanent structures would be used only if the department were to experience a “substantial” increase in unaccompanied children.
Andrea Helling, ORR chief of staff, said the temporary shelters are typically used for roughly 30 days while the unaccompanied children are evaluated in the court system. She stressed none of the children who may come to Baldwin County sites would impact the county school system or the local health care system.
An HHS spokesperson said representatives from the department will visit the sites in the next few days. The representative stressed the visit is only an assessment of the feasibility of using the sites and said no final decision has been made regarding the use of the properties.
“[Department of Defense] officials will join the HHS staff as they tour the property available for HHS’s potential use, but HHS will make the final determination about whether the land is an appropriate site for the temporary shelter of Unaccompanied Children,” the spokesperson said.
According to Helling, the assessors will inspect the sites to determine the ease of installing temporary infrastructure and buildings. They also consider each sites’ proximity to airports and the amount of land available for construction.
Baldwin County Commission President Tucker Dorsey said county officials have not been told how many children may be moved to the site in the event it is used.
Dorsey said while both sites are large, the federal government would have to install infrastructure and construct buildings at a great cost because the sites currently amount to nothing more than large fields with landing strips.
Commissioner Chris Elliott said the fields were designed for pilots to practice taking off and landing, and there was never any intent of housing people there for any period of time. However, because the airfields are owned by the federal government, county officials won’t have much say in what happens there. Elliott said county officials will express their concerns to the federal government, but the final decision will be made at the federal level.
At the federal level, Republican Sen. Richard Shelby said the plan amounted to a “blatant disregard for our immigration laws” by the Obama administration. Shelby said the properties should be used for the armed forces.
Elliott said the sites are “woefully inadequate” to house children, or anyone, and the federal government should consider alternative sites.
“All that’s out there are tractors and hay,” Elliott said.


text:
The only Kane scramble in the Skoki that was left after 3 days of scrambling was Redoubt Mountain. Jon, Rod and I packed up our camp at Baker Lake early on Thursday morning, September 8 2005 to head for Boulder Pass. We quickly made our way to the pass and while Rod continued on to Halfway Hut, Jon and I dropped out heavy packs and skirted the south shore of Ptarmigan Lake.
We were soon grunting up yet another Skoki scree slope (say that 12 times over) and trying to follow a logical line of cairns up through the cliff bands to the first ridge on Redoubt. For most of the trip Jon was in the lead but on Redoubt I was in turbo mode. The weather didn't look that promising and now that we were finally on the last scramble I really wanted to nail the summit badly. Originally we hadn't planned on bagging Redoubt but since the trip had gone so well it was worth a shot.
We came up the first ridge gasping for air and soon were staring down at the 100+ meters of elevation loss into the bowl under the summit ridge. This was not a pleasant sight but we grunted down it and immediately started up the final ridge. It was sort of depressing to realize we were originally only regaining height we had already climbed but once we hit the fun stuff we soon forget about that. The final 150m of ridge was exciting hands-on scrambling that I would classify as upper moderate to low difficult. The rock was solid in places but you have to be very careful not to pull the occasional loose boulder onto yourself!

industry_corpus2: Sports


text:
Betwixt! Was first premiered at London Fringe back in 2008 with a concert following later that year, since then the show has been under some transformations and has most recently been adapted for the unique space, Trafalgar Studios 2. The show consist of a writer with writers block, his gay roommate, a head of a German Woman and plenty other fantasy characters! The show follows the story of Bailey (The Writer) and his journey to find a story for his long awaited new Novel and how he gets transported to an Enchanted Kingdom where he has to find the way to conquer The Enchantress and stop her completing her evil plan. Yes, I probably thought the same as you when reading the synopsis for the show, "What the f@#k is this?!" But actually, it's pure brilliance!
I was hoping the show was going to be amazing, but I had a strong feeling it was going to fail with the space it's in and the strange storyline. I was proven wrong! Ian McFarlane has done a great job writing this musical, its genius. Trafalgar Studios 2 was the perfect venue for this show, the intimacy of the space was part of the experience. The only fault I could find about the staging was having the band at the back, often they looked bored and looking like they were wishing they were someplace else however there wouldn't be anywhere else for them to go!
The simple set was effective and costumes were also impressive for a show of its size and I would say that the cast were the best thing about this show. Benedict Salter was cute and sweet as Bailey, with Steven Webb supporting him in the fabulously camp role of Cooper Fitzgerald, also played great. Ashleigh Gray performed Miranda brilliantly, with Peter Duncan also being a nice addition to the cast.
The small ensemble (Alyssa Nicol, Rob Wilshaw, Will Hawksworth and Kelly Chinery) were also great and pulled the show together. But the star of the show was Lizzie Roper, having the challenge of playing three roles (The Princess, Nymph Queen and the Enchantress). She succeeds in playing all the roles completely different and each played fantastically. Being in such a small, intimate space is always a difficult thing for actors to do but all were fantastic. Honestly, I couldn't fault it. The show is exactly what it says on the programme- A Funny Musical!
"Don't ask too many questions- Just go with it"

industry_corpus2: Film & Entertainment


text:
The Big Disconnect Why the Internet Hasn't Transformed Politics (Yet) [Audiobook] | Free eBooks Download - EBOOKEE!
Now that communication can be as quick as thought, why hasn't our ability to organize politically - to establish gains and beyond that, to maintain them - kept pace? The web has given us both capacity and speed: but progressive change seems to be something perpetually in the air, rarely manifesting, even more rarely staying with us.
Micah L. Sifry, a longtime analyst of democracy and its role on the net, examines what he calls The Big Disconnect. In his usual pithy, to-the-point style, he explores why data-driven politics and our digital overlords have failed or misled us, and how they can be made to serve us instead, in a real balance between citizens and state, independent of corporations.
The web and social media have enabled an explosive increase in participation in the public arena - but not much else has changed. For the next step beyond connectivity, writes Sifry, "we need a real digital public square, not one hosted by Facebook, shaped by Google, and snooped on by the National Security Agency. If we don't build one, then any notion of democracy as 'rule by the people' will no longer be meaningful. We will be a nation of Big Data, by Big Email, for the powers that be."
No comments for "The Big Disconnect Why the Internet Hasn't Transformed Politics (Yet) [Audiobook]".

industry_corpus2: Technology & Research


text:
The Lancia Aurelia 2.0 Sedan B10 is a Front engined Sedan/saloon that features a in-line, 6-cyl 1991 ccm (120,88 cubic inches) engine.
It is always critical on the Lancia Aurelia 2.0 Sedan B10 to have a decent braking system fitted for both performance and safety.
There are a large number of second hand parts on sale on eBay for the Lancia Aurelia 2.0 Sedan B10. We have completed some research and found all of the cheapest auctions for you so you really don't have to. If you still are unable to find what you are searching for then you can try utilizing the search function on the left hand side of this page.

industry_corpus2: Automobiles


text:
Boxes where parents can leave an unwanted baby, common in medieval Europe, have been making a comeback over the last 10 years.
The divers exploring a 'UFO-shaped' object at the bottom of the Baltic Sea say their equipment stops working when they approach within 200m.
The specially-developed ink used in the books works via a chemical process, starting to disappear as it comes into contact with light and air.
When we die, we do so not in the random billiard-ball-matrix but in the inescapable-life-matrix. Life has a non-linear dimensionality – it’s like a perennial flower that returns to bloom in the multiverse.
The project continues to study and record these newly carved stones, others of which record other important episodes of ancient Maya history.
The poll was conducted by Kelton Research, which used e-mail invitations and online surveys. Quotas were set to ensure reliable and accurate representation of the total U.S. population, ages 18 and older. The margin of error is +/-2.9 percent.
This may seem like something out of a science fiction movie: researchers have designed microparticles that can be injected directly into the bloodstream to quickly oxygenate your body, even if you can't breathe anymore.
Shell is preparing to lead a new ‘oil rush’ in the American north.
This summer, aviation archaeologists have enlisted the help of underwater robots to find the wreckage of Earhart's aircraft.
Speech given by Army General Raúl Castro Ruz, President of the Councils of State and Ministers at the Rio-20 Summit in Rio de Janeiro, June 21, 2012, Year 54 of the Revolution.
Two drugs increase survival of mice even after radiation exposure.
In a statement responding to all the press, JRC has stated that aversive therapies like GEDs are only used as part of court-ordered treatments on students who "struggle with violent, abusive or mutilating behaviors toward themselves or others."
The fact that today's children are facing even more health concerns than current generations as a result of consistent, long-term exposure to electromagnetic waves calls for the scientific community and the government policy makers to step up.
In the small town of Todmorden, England, a grass-roots food movement has been started by one woman who grew veggies in her front yard and let neighbors pick them free.
An amendment to the Agriculture Reform, Food, and Jobs Act of 2012 (S. 3240), also known as the 2012 Farm Bill, that would have "permitted" individual states to require that food, beverages, and other edible products containing genetically-modified organisms (GMOs) be labeled, has been struck down.


text:
Ticket can only be purchased in Japan with credit cards issued by a Japanese bank with an account with a Japanese address.
Please bring L-code (indicated next to each show on Creativeman website).
・Circle K? “KARUWAZA Station” (7:00am-11:30pm).
Please bring P-code (indicated next to each show on Creativeman website).
*Absolutely no refunds for line up changes or cancellations.
*Any children must be accompanied by parent or guardian.
(Children over 6 must possess their own tickets).
*Performance days for Artists and/or stages are subject to change.
*This festival will take place for long hours. Please make certain of your physical well-being. Please bring clothing suited for all weather, and pay attention to any symptoms of illness, heat and sun exposure.
*Please be sure to wear comfortable footwear. Platform shoes or heels may cause falls.
*Audio and/or visual recording of performers using cameras, cell phones, video cameras or tape recorders is strictly forbidden.
※Note:Visitors are permitted to bring compact digital cameras, camera phones to take photos only for/by themselves. All professional-caliber cameras are prohibited.
*Carrying dangerous articles and/or illegal items into the venue is strictly forbidden.
*Cooling boxes, parasols, mats, cans, bottles and flammables (e.g. fireworks) are prohibited. PET bottles are allowed, but please do not throw these onto the stage. Articles prohibited by the organizers may not be brought inside the venue.
※Note:Visitors are permitted to bring only water to indoor stage and each block of the outdoor stage. All other beverages including juices, alcoholic beverages are prohibited.
*Pets are not allowed within the venue, with the exception of service dogs.
*Persons who cause trouble to other guests, or who ignore the instructions of staff members will be forcibly ejected from the festival and will not be issued refunds under any circumstances.
*Organizers, artists and the venue will under no circumstances be held responsible for accidents or thefts occurring within or out of the venue.
*The organizers will not be held responsible for injuries suffered by way of negligence of personal safety. The organizers will see to first aid and in arranging emergency services in case of injuries caused by prohibited dangerous acts such as diving and moshing, but will thereafter not be held responsible. Furthermore, if such accidents involve a third party, it is the responsibility of all parties concerned to find ensuing action toward legal revisions. The organizers will under no circumstances intervene or become involved in troubleshooting in such instances.
*Due to the nature of the event, there is a possibility that the list of performers may change or cancel, in which case no refunds will be issued. Lost or damaged tickets will not be re-issued.
*The list of performers may vary between the Tokyo and Osaka performances.
*Tickets must be used by the purchaser only, and one ticket must not be shared by multiple persons. If such acts are discovered, attendees will be forcibly ejected from the festival.
Furthermore, the tickets may not be used both in Tokyo and Osaka.
*Each child under 6 must be accompanied by more than one adult. There are limitations to admissions at any of the areas within the venues. The organizers, performers or venues will not be held responsible for any accidents, mishaps or injuries occurring within or out of the venues. We kindly ask that you take responsibility for your own actions. With the exception of baby strollers, articles prohibited by the organizers may not be brought inside the venue. Only baby strollers used specifically to carry children will be allowed inside of the venue.
*Children over 6 must possess their own tickets.
*Private sales or transferring of tickets is strictly prohibited.
*Individuals found entering the event unlawfully will be taken into police custody for whatever the reasons. Also, compensation for such actions will be charged.
*Please note that there is a possibility of restricting admissions at each venue.
*Lost or broken wristbands will not be re-issued.
*Due to local regulations, attendees under 18 must return to home/accommodation by 11pm.
*Please respect the communities in the vicinity of the venues, and refrain from parking illegally, since this may hamper the mobility of emergency vehicles.
*Please dispose trash according to its recycled category.
*Please refrain from destroying wildlife in the areas surrounding the venues.
and all the costs associated with this cancellation such as travel expense to venues will not be compensated.
*All information submitted to purchase tickets will be forwarded to the organizers.


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Dynamic strain measurements were made near the exit end of a complex freeway bridge. The bridge is called “complex” because it is supported by six piers. The piers support I-beams, which, in turn, support the bridge pavement. Dynamic strain produced by vehicles was measured through changes in resistance and reluctance in the steel I-beams through the use of a complex-reluctance bridge (CRB) as a sensor. The strain patterns were measured solely on the exit span of the bridge. However, strain patterns produced by vehicles as much as three spans away were detected in these preliminary experiments. Strain patterns from bridge oscillations were always present, and a crude averaging technique was used here to emphasize vehicle strain behavior. The height of compressive peaks occurring in the exit span when the vehicles were in the next-to-last span fell into two distinct groups. One of these groups seemed to indicate loaded vehicles, and the other seemed to indicate unloaded vehicles. The heights of the tensile peaks generated when articulated vehicles (those having a hinge or pivot connection) were in the exit span did not exhibit such a clear division. Another characteristic that separated the two groups was the occurrence in one group of what appeared to be a large compressive spike superposed in the middle of the tensile peak when a loaded vehicle was in the exit span. Speculation here is that this spike resulted from a coupling of bridge oscillations with vehicle oscillations, which would also be influ-enced by vehicle velocity, although no velocity meas-urements were made. As the experiment was being set up, a loud sonic pulse was generated by a vehicle passing over the exit span, which was consistent with part of the exit span on the concrete block rising off the block and coming back down. Unfortunately, that did not happen again during the period when data were obtained, so the strain signature associated with the sonic pulse could not be registered. However, the compressive spike in the middle of the tensile peak appears to predict behavior consistent with this unusual event. In the following sections, a brief description of the CRB sensor and its behavior appropriate to measuring the transition between static and dynamic strains is presented. This, in turn, is followed by the display of dynamic strain patterns of automobiles, nonarticulated vehicles (single-unit vehicles), and articulated vehicles (tractor trailers). Finally, speculation on the possible origin of the loud sonic pulse is presented.
Zinke, Otto Henry, 2015, “Electromagnetic Measurement of Applied and Residual Surface Strain in Steel,” Materials Evaluation, Vol. 73, No. 11, pp. 1490–1495.
Zinke, O.H., and W.F. Schmidt, 1993, “Linear AC Magnetic Circuit Theory,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 2207–2212.
Zinke, Otto H., and William F. Schmidt, 1998, “Nondestruc-tive Testing Using AC Magnetic Bridges: A Review,” Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation, Vol. 15, Nos. 3–4, pp. 109–137.

industry_corpus2: Real Estate & Construction


text: The most impressive characteristics of GOA series is it combines craftsmanship and modernity. The narrow handle and beautiful curve and circle gives us impression of modernity which naturally matches any kinds of tableware. On the other hand, craftsmanship is another feature that makes GOA as it is. Although machinery was introduced for some processes, still the old traditional craftsmanship plays a major role.


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Executive Director of Global Justice Ecology Project and Coordinator of the Campaign to STOP GE Trees. She became involved in environmental issues while in college, where she studied wildlife biology and fine art. On Columbus Day in 1992, Petermann was arrested for the first time at an action commemorating 500 years of genocide in the Americas.
Petermann also co-organized the First North American Temperate Forest Conference in November of 1993. This conference included over 500 forest activists from across North America as well as indigenous representatives from six nations. The conference was organized to build bridges between these communities of activists and encourage greater collaboration. Dr. David Suzuki and Winona LaDuke were the keynote speakers.
From 1994 to 1999, Petermann organized NFN’s annual Forest Activist Training Weeks in Vermont where dozens of activists were trained in skills ranging from working with the media to fundraising to orienteering.
In 1996-1997 Petermann coordinated NFN’s involvement in a statewide campaign to stop timber corporations Champion International and Boise Cascade from spraying toxic herbicides on their Vermont forest holdings. NFN’s participation in organizing direct actions and protests on the issue was instrumental in the state of Vermont passing a moratorium on the herbicide spraying in early 1997. Subsequent to this decision, Champion International and Boise Cascade both left the state and the moratorium became permanent.
In October 1999 Petermann co-organized actions at the ministerial meeting of the Free Trade Area of the Americas in Toronto, where she hung a 600 square foot banner against the FTAA on the Toronto Convention Center where the Ministers were meeting.
In January of 2000, Petermann was arrested at the NH Democratic Campaign headquarters of Al Gore during an action in support of the U’Wa people of Colombia whose land was under threat from Occidental Petroleum. The U’Wa had threatened mass suicide if Occidental drilled on their land. Al Gore’s father had served on the Board of Occidental Petroleum and Gore himself held large quantities of stock. This action was covered nationally and triggered other such actions across the country. Occidental did not drill on the U’Wa lands.
From May 2000 to May 2001 Anne won a scholarship from the New England Grassroots Environment Fund to take part in a year-long fundraising course called The Complete Fundraiser, held by the Institute for Conservation Leadership.
In June of 2000 Petermann helped launch the first campaign against genetically engineered trees with a press conference in Boston during protests countering the Biotechnology Industry Organization’s annual conference. The press conference was covered on the front page of the Washington Post.
In July 2001 Petermann co-organized the first ever protest against GE trees at an International Union of Forest Research Organizations “Tree Biotechnology” conference in Oregon. That same month she edited and co-wrote a major groundbreaking report on GE trees entitled, “From Native Forest to Franken-Trees, the Global Threat of Genetically Engineered Trees,” which was distributed to thousands of people.
In September of 2001 Petermann co-founded a new organization, Action for Social & Ecological Justice, which took over the role previously played by Native Forest Network Eastern North America, and which was founded in response to the broadening focus of the resource center to include more Latin American and social justice issues. She served as the organization’s Development Director, fundraising for the organization and producing its publications.
In September 2003, Petermann co-founded Global Justice Ecology Project. In November 2003, she participated in and documented the mobilization against the Free Trade Area of the Americas in Miami, which was brutally attacked by police. In 2004 she participated in and documented the protests at the Democratic National Convention in Boston and the Republican National Convention in New York City, as well as anti-war marches in Washington, DC. Her photo from a massive women’s march in DC was used for the cover of Z Magazine.
In January of 2004 Petermann co-founded the STOP GE Trees Campaign, helping pull together a meeting with numerous groups from across the country to take unified action to stop the commercialization of genetically engineered trees.
In April 2004 Petermann spoke on the dangers of GE trees at the UN Forum on Forests in Geneva, Switzerland. She has since spoken on GE trees at UN events including the Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Cartege�a Protocol on Biosafety and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) at locations around the world. In 2006 she helped organize an effort at the UN CBD Conference of the Parties in Curitiba, Brazil that won an historic decision on GE trees from the UN CBD that warned countries of the dangers of GE trees and urged them to use a precautionary approach. In 2008 at the CBD Conference in Bonn, that decision was strengthened after Petermann co-led a campaign that won support from every NGO and Indigenous Peoples’ Organization, plus the entire African delegation for a suspension of all plantings of genetically engineered trees.
In October 2004 Petermann traveled to Durban, South Africa where she co-founded The Durban Group for Climate Justice which denounces carbon trading as a false solution to global warming.
In 2004 Langelle and Petermann formed a partnership with the indigenous Mapuche group Konapewman in Temuco, Chile, to work jointly to stop the commercial development of GE trees in Chile.
Anne’s writing has been featured in Z Magazine, Earth Island Journal and Seedling, among numerous others. She has been interviewed for print, radio and television from the Le Monde, to The Washington Post to NPR stations in Maine, North Carolina and Georgia as well as hundreds of other media outlets.
She has also presented the dangers of GE trees at dozens of meetings, conferences and events across the US, including two industry conferences, the Landscapes, Genomics and Transgenic Conifers Conference at Duke University in November 2004 and the Sustainable Forest Management with Fast Growing Plantations conference which was sponsored by the International Union of Forest Research Organizations, the US Forest Service and ArborGen in Charleston, SC in October 2006. She has also presented at meetings in Brazil organized by Brazilian networks including the MST (Landless Workers’ Movement) and Via Campesina.
In 2013 Petermann helped relaunch the Campaign to STOP GE Trees with a new steering committee consisting of leaders in the global forest protection, bioenergy, Indigenous rights and radical activism communities.
In 2000, Anne received the national Wild Nature award for environmental activist of the year.
In 2002, the Burlington, VT resource center was awarded the highest honor of the Green Mountain Fund for Popular Struggle.
Anne also sits on the Board of the Will Miller Social Justice Lecture Series.
You can also fill out the below with a way to contact you, which speaker you're interested in, and a brief note. The New Voice coordinator will get back to you shortly.


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A lot of time is spend going around shops too look for clothes and there are many factors to consider.
Even after finding a "fashionable" piece of clothing, one still has to consider the availability of cheaper alternatives and how it complements your current wardrobe.
What if, there was an application that could do all that for you!
Our application, Max, allows you to upload photos of clothes you own or like and utilizes machine vision and a vast database of scraped clothes to find you cheaper alternatives or recommend matching clothes from your wardrobe.
Due to the computational and time challenges in training a full machine learning model, we used transfer learning on the Inception model to train a classifier based on over 30 datapoints such as colour and style.
This is hosted on an Azure server with a facebook messenger bot as a convenient and interactive front end.
There are a still some bugs in deployment but we will get there !
The model has been trained and looks promising !
MVP is fully functional !
The model works well for Mens clothing as there is quite a high standardization like Tops, Bottoms and Shoes. Applying this to Women proved far more complicated.
We could extend this to generate its own fashionable outfits ! We do have some base plans for this such as a vast database of runway outfits and plans for a Generative Adversarial Model to create novel outfits.

industry_corpus2: Artificial Intelligence


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text:
The Library of Congress > Chronicling America > The Decatur news.
About The Decatur news. (Decatur, Tex.) 1881-19??
The Decatur news. : (Decatur, Tex.) 1881-19??
Description based on: Vol. 9, no. 3 (Jan. 30, 1890).

industry_corpus2: Politics & Administration


text:
The Embedded Linux Confernce is on-going, and the Linux Foundation has been uploading videos about talks in a timely manner on YouTube. I checked out at RISC-V keynote yesterday, but today I’ve watched a talk by Robert Foss (his real name, not related to FOSS) from Collabora entitled “Progress in the Embedded GPU Ecosystem”, where he discusses open source software support in Linux/Mesa from companies and reverse-engineering support.
The first part deals with the history of embedded GPU support, especially when it comes to company support. Intel was the first and offers very good support for their drivers, following by AMD who also is a good citizen. NVIDIA has the Nouveau driver but they did not really backed it up, and Tegra support is apparently sponsored by an aircraft supplier. Other companies have been slower to help, but Qualcomm has made progress since 2015 and now support all their hardware, Broadcom has a “one man team” handling VideoCore IV/V, and Vivante driver has been reverse-engineered (etnaviv) and is now also supported an aircraft supplier. Imagination and Arm have not done so well, with the latter having never contributed anything at all, and the former providing some (partial) patchsets that cannot be upstreamed to Mesa.
Then he went through upstream support for vendors since 2009. Some vendors have both a reverse-engineering and upstream mesa timeline, but the one that do the work themselves (like Intel / AMD) only have the latter. He also lists some of development platforms like Raspberry Pi 3 for Broadcom VideoCore IV, DragonBoard 410C/820c for Qualcomm Adreno, or ASUS Tinker board / Hikey960 board for Arm Mali GPU. We’ve just told Arm did not contribute but there are some efforts to reverse-engineering Mali-GXX Bitfrost and Mali-Txx GPUs.
Robert also coverd what’s next with OpenGL improvements, and work to be done on OpenCL including support for SPIR-V in LLVM compiler, as well as Vulkan where he only mentioned AMD RADV & ANDVLK, and Intel ANV.
He also provided some interesting insights in his latest “Big Picture” section, claiming Intel, AND and Qualcomm GPU drivers are mature, reverse-engineering typically takes between 0 and 3 years, OpenCL is hard, and the reason why aircraft suppliers seems to need open source GPU drivers is that they require 20+ year long term support, and can’t take the risk to stay on an outdated kernel with closed-source binary drivers.
The presentation slides are also up for download.


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Hello there! Thank you for considering me for your tutoring needs!
I graduated from UCLA with a Bachelor's in Neuroscience in 2011 and from Harvard University with a Master's in Neuroscience in 2018. I am now exploring the intersection of neuroscience, genetics, and statistics in my work at an academic biology lab at Harvard.
In my non-working hours, I train for the occasional 10K or half marathon and aspire to stay connected with my friend/family network.
I have been an SAT/ACT/GRE and biology tutor ever since I graduated from college in 2011. As a graduate student at Harvard, I worked for two years as a volunteer instructor for the AP Biology Hinton Scholars Program, an after-school program at Harvard for AP Biology students from Boston public schools. I thoroughly enjoyed working with students in this age group, and look forward to more teaching experiences like these! Apart from WyzAnt, I also work with several test prep and tutoring companies in the Boston area. At Harvard, I have been a TA for three biology courses at both the undergraduate and graduate levels; this culminated in a teaching certificate from the Derek Bok Center at Harvard. I have accumulated over 700 hours of teaching experience.
1. A free, 30-minute consultation to determine if we are a good fit.
2. Careful assessment of which areas need the most work, followed by exercises targeting those areas.
3. Weekly updates on your progress.
4. Personal and realistic study plans, made with your time constraints in mind.
1. Commitment. Half-hearted students don't get good results.
2. Before each session, send me all materials (Ex. practice test results, lecture slides) relevant to the engagement. I will use them to thoroughly prepare for each session.
3. Come prepared, with all of the work assigned from the previous session done exactly as instructed.
If this is what you are looking for, let's chat!
Rate details: Cancellations with less than 24-hours notice: 1-hour charge. No-show: charged for entire session.
I scored a 760 on the GMAT (99th percentile) after less than two weeks of studying. To achieve this result, I borrowed concepts and techniques from other standardized tests (GRE, LSAT, SAT, ACT) that are directly applicable to the GMAT. These are the exact skills you can pick up with me. I can help students create an aggressive study plan leading up to their GMAT test date. I will also pinpoint and review content areas that need more work. My specialty is reframing quantitative ideas so that they become intuitive to students, making it easy for them to apply it in tense testing conditions.
I scored a 170 on the Quantitative Reasoning section, a 168 (98th percentile) on the Verbal Reasoning section, and a 5 (93rd percentile) on the Analytical Writing section of the GRE, for a total score of 338 out of 340. For those who are interested in business school, this is equivalent to an 800 on the GMAT. I was able to obtain these scores after less than a month of preparation. My approach to improving someone's GRE score has three parts. First, I use the student's performance on a diagnostic to identify the areas with the greatest potential for improvement. Second, we set up a study schedule so the student knows exactly how many hours of work a week is needed to reach the goal. Then, we dig into topic-specific drills so that the student master one category of GRE problems at a time. We will take GRE practice tests periodically in order to measure progress.
I scored an 800 on my SAT Verbal section.
I scored a 760 on the SAT Writing section. I have taught students in this topic at C2 Education in southern California. For my undergraduate honors thesis written at UCLA, I received the Highest Departmental Honors notation. In graduate school, I have written four research grants with my thesis advisor, who is a tenured professor at Harvard. I am well-trained in observing grammatical conventions, selecting appropriate diction, and streamlining sentence/paragraph structure, all of which are major topics in the SAT Writing section.
My undergrad major was in the life sciences at UCLA, and my Harvard master's degree was in neuroscience. Right now, I am working as a staff researcher in a behavioral neuroscience lab at Harvard. I have tutored students in general and AP Biology, and have also taught small after-school AP Biology classes through the AP Biology Hinton Scholars Program (Harvard Medical School). I have also served as a TA for three biology courses (2 undergraduate, 1 graduate) at Harvard.
I scored an 800 on the SAT Math section and on the SAT Math Level 2 Subject Test. I have tutored over 15 students in SAT Math in the Boston area just in the past 6 months. I work well with students both in-person and online. I specialize in teaching students how to break down each math problem into smaller chunks that can be solved more easily. At the end of each session, I work with the student to synthesize what we covered into a step-wise approach that can be applied to all other math problems of the same category (i.e. quadratics, circles, systems of equations).
I have been a private consultant for college applications for two years, and have helped students craft applications leading to admissions to NYU, UT Austin, Northeastern, and their peer institutions. I advise students on how to create an outstanding academic/extracurricular profile, how to assess whether a school is a "good fit," and how to tell a coherent story with every part of the application. To gain insight into what the most selective universities are looking for, I have studied over 85 application files (including personal statements, recommendation letters, standardized test scores, GPA, etc.) of students already admitted to Ivy League schools and have followed up with these students via personal interviews. I have also been serving on the Board of Freshman Advisors at Harvard College for 5 years and have advised over 120 students on their academics. My contact with successful applicants gives me insight into how each student translated who they are in real life into a highly competitive profile on paper, as well as which part of the university's social and academic culture they fit into. I understand how students can present themselves on paper to best fit the university's ideals, and I use that knowledge to maximize each applicant’s competitiveness.
I have excelled in both undergraduate- and graduate-level genetics. I have used genetic tools extensively in my graduate research. I have also taught experimental designs to test gene function in a Harvard biology course.
Dean knows his material and has his own way of teaching you the concepts. He asks questions to make sure you actually understand it and isn't hesitant to explain things again if you didn't get it the first time. Dean is extremely patient and a very knowledgeable tutor. I highly recommend him to anyone who is struggling in biology!
Dean was excellent. He took the time to really analyze my work and point out my strengths and more importantly, patterns of weakness. We spent a lot of time analyzing problems, and also ways to build up my confidence. I particularly appreciate that he has me think out loud as I work my way through the problem so that he can understand my thought process and instead of telling me the answer, he will encourage me to think it through and will guide me in the right direction. This really strengthens my analytical skills and improves my endurance. Believe it or not I was exhausted after our first session! That’s how I know we’re making progress though. It was a very productive and I would even say therapeutic session. There is no doubt in my mind that I will score high 160s using the tactics and strategies he’s taught me. I look forward to more sessions with Dean!
Dean is a fantastic tutor, who is flexible and takes the time to get to know you. GRE practice with him is a delight. Encouraging, a great listener, and knowledgeable! All around 10/10.

industry_corpus2: Subject Education


text:
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as 4 inches in the snow forecast I would have been better! Sorry all.
Some light mix is still possible today but nothing looks heavy.


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Version number: 3.03, released 5 September 2018.
(4) a refined check is performed to see if a grid point lies within the data coverage of each bin. We now use a rectangular area rotated by the angle of the minimum-variance 1-D polynomial, with 100 km height, as wide as the 1-D polynomial. This new scheme results in the exclusion of a smaller number of estimates, and is more compatible with the assumption that the mean flow varies solely as a function of the distance across the time-mean velocity isolines in the bin.
On this page, you will find a climatology of near-surface currents and temperatures for the world, at monthly and one-quarter degree resolution, derived from satellite-tracked surface drifting buoy observations. Animations of these currents are available Here. Maps of these currents in various regions can be seen on the Ocean Surface Currents web site.
Laurindo, L., A. Mariano, and R. Lumpkin, 2017: An improved near-surface velocity climatology for the global ocean from drifter observations Deep-Sea Res. I, 124, pp.73-92, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2017.04.009 .
Lon (1x1440): longitude (degrees), negative=West.
Lat (1x632): latitude (degrees), negative=South.
U (632x1440): eastward speed (m/s) vs. Lat/Lon.
V (632x1440): northward speed (m/s).
SST (632x1440): bulk sea surface temperature (degC).
eU, eV, eSST (632x1440): standard errors for U, V (m/s), and SST (degC).
N (632x1440): number of drifter-days per square degree.
The columns of the ASCII dataset are: Lat, Lon, U, V, SST, eU, eV, eSST, N.
The second version (Matlab binary format / ASCII / NetCDF) contains monthly mean values of surface currents and SST. The variable names of the Matlab file are the same as above. The third index of matrix U, V, etc. corresponds to the month: 1=January, 2=February, etc. In the ASCII dataset, the first column is the month; the rest of the columns are the same as in the annual climatology file described above.
Lat (1x317): latitude (degrees), 73S to 85N.
Up2bar (317x720): Zonal Velocity Variance, mean(u' ^2) (m^2/s^2).
Vp2bar (317x720): Meridional Velocity Variance, mean(v' ^2) (m^2/s^2).
rA (317x720): Variance ellipse semimajor axis (m^2/s^2).
rB (317x720): Variance ellipse semiminor axis (m^2/s^2).
angle (317x720): Orientation angle of variance ellipse (degrees, 0=east/west).
N (317x720): Number of drifter-days per square degree.
Note that Up2bar+Vp2bar=rA+rB, which is twice the eddy kinetic energy.
Description: Satellite-tracked SVP drifting buoys (Sybrandy and Niiler, 1991; Niiler, 2001) provide observations of near-surface circulation at unprecedented resolution. In September 2005, the Global Drifter Array became the first fully realized component of the Global Ocean Observing System when it reached an array size of 1250 drifters. A drifter is composed of a surface float which includes a transmitter to relay data, a thermometer that reads temperature a few centimeters below the air/sea interface, and a submergence sensor used to detect when/if the drogue is lost. The surface float is tethered to a holey sock drogue, centered at 15 m depth. The drifter follows the flow integrated over the drogue depth, although some slip with respect to this motion is associated with direct wind forcing (Niiler and Paduan, 1995). This slip is greatly enhanced in drifters that have lost their drogues (Pazan and Niiler, 2000). Drifter velocities are derived from finite differences of their position fixes. These velocities, and the concurrent SST measurements, are archived at AOML's Drifting Buoy Data Assembly Center, where the data are quality controlled and interpolated to 1/4-day intervals (Hansen and Herman, 1989; Hansen and Poulain, 1996).
In this study, 6h winds were interpolated onto the drifter positions and used to estimate and remove the slip (Niiler and Paduan, 1995; Pazan and Niiler, 2000; Laurindo et al., 2017). All velocities and SSTs were lowpassed at 1.5 times the local inertial period, or five days if that is smaller, to remove high frequency variability (diurnal, tidal, inertial). If 1.5 times the local inertial period is shorter than one day, the lowpass is done at one day.
Drifters sample regions of the ocean inhomogeneously, which can cause aliased time-mean values if strong seasonal or interannual variations are neglected. To address the seasonal cycle, Lumpkin (2003) developed a methodology to simultaneously decompose the drifter observations into time-mean, seasonal and eddy components using a Gauss-Markov approach that produces formal error bars on all components. Lumpkin showed that this methodology produces significantly different results than standard bin averaging. This methodology was further developed and evaluated using SST observations and products, and simulated drifters in the MICOM model (Lumpkin and Garraffo, 2005). The method produces significantly improved estimates of the mean currents and SST, and simultaneously provides the annual and semiannual amplitudes and phases at a nominal resolution of one degree squared.
To address inhomogeneous interannual sampling associated with ENSO, Johnson (2001) added a component proportional to a five-month lowpassed Southern Oscillation Index, and estimated components in elliptical bins with axes scaled and oriented using the residual variability (i.e., the eddy fluctuations).
In Lumpkin and Johnson (2013), the methodologies of Lumpkin (2003) and Johnson (2001) are combined. The observations are projected onto a time mean, annual and semiannual, SOI, and spatial gradient components within elliptical bins scaled and oriented using eddy fluctuations, and error bars are estimated for all terms.
In Laurindo et al. (2017), slip correction using a spatially-varying coefficient was introduced in order to exploit velocity information from undrogued drifters. This approximately doubles the number of available observations, which allowed the bin sizes to be considerably reduced (one degree radius circles). In addition, 1D spatial fitting was done in the direction that maximizes the explained variance, allowing for greater resolution of cross-stream velocity gradient. These two changes result in significantly better spatial resolution of ocean current structure. In addition, Laurindo et al. examined how the formal standard errors compare to actual errors when using a "toy" dataset of surface currents derived from AVISO and subsampled at the drifter observation locations and times; they found that formals errors underestimate actual errors by approximately a factor of 2.
When these more advanced methodologies are applied to the modern data set of tropical Atlantic drifter observations, many features of the near-surface circulation become apparent which were not resolved by older ship-drift-based climatologies or by SEQUAL/FOCAL drifter trajectories (Lumpkin and Garzoli, 2005). In the Hawaiian Island region, the thousand-kilometer long island wake is revealed at unprecedented detail (Lumpkin and Flament, 2013) Zonally elongated mid-ocean striations are resolved in the zonal currents of all major ocean basins (Laurindo et al., 2017).
Credits: This climatology was developed by Rick Lumpkin (NOAA/AOML) and Lucas Laurindo (Univ. Miami), in collaboration with Arthur Mariano (Univ. Miami), Mayra Pazos (NOAA/AOML), and Erik Valdes (CIMAS/AOML). Previous versions were developed with Gregory Johnson (NOAA/PMEL), Silvia Garzoli (NOAA/AOML), Jessica Redman (CIMAS), and Zulema Garraffo (Univ. Miami).
Cuny, J., P. B. Rhines, P. P. Niiler and S. Bacon, 2002:Labrador Sea boundary currents and the fate of the Irminger Sea Water. J.Phys. Oceanogr. 32, 627-647.
Hansen, D. and A. Herman, 1989: Temporal sampling requirements for surface drifting buoys in the tropical Pacific. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.
Hansen, D. and P.-M. Poulain, 1996: Quality control and interpolations of WOCE-TOGA drifter data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.13, 900-909.
Johnson, G.C., 2001: The Pacific Ocean Subtropical Cell Surface Limb. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1771-1774.
Laurindo, L. C., A. Mariano, and R. Lumpkin, 2017: An improved near-surface velocity climatology for the global ocean from drifter observations. Deep-Sea Res. I, 124, 73-92.
Lumpkin, R., 2003: Decomposition of surface drifter observations in the Atlantic Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett. 30(14), 1753, 10.1029/2003GL017519.
Lumpkin, R. and S. L. Garzoli, 2005: Near-surface Circulation in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res.I 52 (3), 495-518, 10.1016/j.dsr.2004.09.001.
Lumpkin, R. and Z. Garraffo, 2005: Evaluating the Decomposition of Tropical Atlantic Drifter Observations. J. Atm. Oceanic Technol. 22, 1403-1415.
Lumpkin, R. and G. C. Johnson, 2013: Global Ocean Surface Velocities from Drifters: Mean, Variance, ENSO Response, and Seasonal Cycle. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 118, pp 2992-3006, doi:10.1002/jgrc.20210.
Lumpkin, R. and P. Flament, 2013: On the extent and energetics of the Hawaiian Lee Countercurrent. Oceanography, 26(1), 58-65.
Niiler, P. P., 2001: The world ocean surface circulation. In Ocean Circulation and Climate, G. Siedler, J. Church and J. Gould, eds., Academic Press, Volume 77 of International Geophysics Series, 193-204.
Niiler, P. P., R. Davis and H. White, 1987: Water-following characteristics of a mixed-layer drifter. Deep-Sea Res. 34, 1867-1882.
Niiler, P. P. and J. D. Paduan, 1995: Wind-driven motions in the northeast Pacific as measured by Lagrangian drifters. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 25, 2819-2830.
Niiler, P. P., A. Sybrandy, K. Bi, P. Poulain and D. Bitterman, 1995: Measurements of the water-following capability of= holey-sock and TRISTAR drifters. Deep-Sea Res. 42, 1951-1964.
Pazan, S. E. and P. P. Niiler, 2000: Recovery of near-surface velocity from undrogued drifters. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 18, 476-489.
Ralph, E. A. and P. P. Niiler, 1999: Wind-driven currents in the Tropical Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 29, 2121-2129.
Sybrandy, A. L. and P. P. Niiler, 1991: WOCE/TOGA Lagrangiandrifter construction manual. WOCE Rep. 63, SOI Ref. 91/6, 58pp, Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La Jolla, Calif.

industry_corpus2: Water Resources & Marine


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When normal people make mistakes, they try to forget about it or learn from it, and attempt to move on with their lives. But when a mistake is made on live television, and has the potential to change people’s lives, the reckoning is a little more serious. Following that infamous Best Picture flub at the 2017 Oscars — you know, about the envelope — some new guidelines have been put in place to prevent another mixup. Yeah, the Oscars now have new envelope rules to prevent another La La Land and Moonlight fiasco. Because as entertaining as it was, it would probably be best if something like that never happened again.
In case you somehow missed it, there was kind of a big mistake at the 2017 awards show when Faye Dunaway and Warren Beatty went on stage to present the winner of the Best Picture category. For a moment, La La Land was announced as the winner, and the cast and crew took to the stage to accept the award and celebrate. All seemed normal. However, all was not normal. Shortly after getting onstage, La La Land producer Fred Berger went to the microphone to announce, “We lost by the way, you know.” Obviously, it was awkward. But now, just in time for the 2018 Oscars telecast, it’s been revealed that there will be a lot of regulations put in place to prevent another mistake from happening on live television.
According to Vanity Fair, the Academy has banned the two PricewaterhouseCoopers partners responsible for the envelope flub last year, and have also banned the use of social media and cell phones backstage at the show, so don’t expect any backstage selfies ever again.
Basically, even though the Moonlight and La La Land mixup of 2017 was legendary and provided enough reading material for days, it’s clear that both the Academy and PwC aren’t keen on it happening again.


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Get a FREE customised report on Glasgow City office space, including details about availability and prices.
Get a free Glasgow City office space report, including availability and prices.
Register your details to stay up to date on new office spaces in Glasgow City. Get regular updates and reports on office space in Glasgow City, as well as contact details for an office expert in Glasgow City.


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7:50 am. I slept in today. I’m tired this morning and, I am a little snuffy. I really don’t get sick often and, it always comes at a time when I really need to slow down anyway. I think it’s a direct response to my emotional state. I signed a lease to rent my house with a family of three working adults and three children with another on the way. I am trying to sell another property with three rentals while trying to keep it rented. I have negotiated with a friend to combine our therapy business and move downtown Muncie. My new boyfriend wants me to live with him so that we can do Art and travel. He says I LOVE YOU! I had been planning to move to Denver to help raise my new granddaughter or to a local spiritual community. I’m afraid that feelings are arising between myself and the guitar player who practices with me on Tuesday’s and Sunday’s. The woman who plays fiddle with us offered to buy my rental property and go into business with me. She’s worried that I am going to have an affair with our guitar player and, she doesn’t really like men in that way. I found a room in Denver to rent for two months. I only drank one beer last night at “THE PEACH” but, I could not keep my mind on the music. I should have visited Grampa G. once more. I even said that I would.
8:00 am. I was planning to go visit my children’s Grampa in Anderson this morning. The first message that I picked up was from J said that his Dad died about an hour ago. He was 96 yrs. He was funny and sweet. He was an artist and a magician and an ex Navy man. He has taken a walk every day for the forty years that I have known him. He buried two sons and two wives. I cared for him in my home for a couple of months before arranging for him to go to the Nursing home a few years ago. J. and I never married. We were always friends and we always will be. He is eleven years my senior and the kindest most generous person that I have ever known. He introduced me to yoga and to Herman Hess and Carlos Castenada. He gave me books on Eastern Religion and the Asian Healing Arts when I was sixteen years old.. We became close when he drove me from Anderson to Muncie during my freshman year. He was a graduate student in the English dept. We got pregnant on a drive to an Ashram in Pennsylvania. He didn’t believe in marriage and, I didn’t believe in abortion at the time. We didn’t really discuss it. We just started living together. We separated and, I had another child with someone I don’t know. He raised my son so that I could work as a Natural Health Care Provider. That child currently lives with J. or J. with him. I have always been some financial support. He is thirty and has fathered two boys who I adore.
9:00 am. I’m going to put together some photos now. I have more photos from that period of our life than anyone in Grampa G’s family. I’ll cook some food and practice “Will the Circle Be Unbroken” and make few phone calls. G’s girlfriend who is 80yrs. said we are not having a Memorial because we did not visit him enough. I say that we are.
I’m sorry I may not get back to writing today.


text: As is typical with the Traditions Gingerbread houses, there is some ever-so-slight cracking around the feet of Santa and around the base of the chimney. No missing or broken pieces. The item "Traditions Lighted Gingerbread House With Santa Christmas Village Tested in Box" is in sale since Saturday, February 11, 2017. This item is in the category "Collectibles\Holiday & Seasonal\Christmas\ Current (1991-Now)\Villages & Houses". The seller is "mayberrymom24boys" and is located in Plano, Texas.


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In a RGB color space, hex #01b7c6 is composed of 0.4% red, 71.8% green and 77.6% blue. Whereas in a CMYK color space, it is composed of 99.5% cyan, 7.6% magenta, 0% yellow and 22.4% black. It has a hue angle of 184.6 degrees, a saturation of 99% and a lightness of 39%. #01b7c6 color hex could be obtained by blending #02ffff with #006f8d. Closest websafe color is: #00cccc.
● #01b7c6 color description : Strong cyan.
The hexadecimal color #01b7c6 has RGB values of R:1, G:183, B:198 and CMYK values of C:0.99, M:0.08, Y:0, K:0.22. Its decimal value is 112582.
Below, you can see some colors close to #01b7c6. Having a set of related colors can be useful if you need an inspirational alternative to your original color choice.
This text has a font color of #01b7c6.
This paragraph has a background color of #01b7c6.
This element has a border color of #01b7c6.
A tone is produced by adding gray to any pure hue. In this case, #5d696a is the less saturated color, while #01b7c6 is the most saturated one.
Below, you can see how #01b7c6 is perceived by people affected by a color vision deficiency. This can be useful if you need to ensure your color combinations are accessible to color-blind users.

industry_corpus2: Programming


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Funeral services were held at 10:30 a.m. Wednesday, December 5 at Bagley United Methodist Church in Bagley, Iowa. Pastor Larry Monthei and Pastor Charlene Wolfe officiated.
Casket bearers were grandchildren: Dan Frederick, Sarah Borgeson, Carolyn Renshaw, Elizabeth Pierce, Karen Tungesbik, Mary Hinton and Bill Frederick. Interment was in Richland Township Cemetery in Guthrie County Iowa.
Robert Mills Frederick was born November 7, 1926 in Corning, Iowa. He was the oldest son of Percy and Mabel Frederick. The family moved to Lincoln Center. There, Bob attended country school for eight years, then attended one year of high school in Corning. The family then moved to Linn Grove, Iowa, where Bob graduated from high school.
Shortly after graduation, Bob was inducted into the United States Army. He trained in Fort Lewis, Washington. He was scheduled to go to Japan, but the war ended and Bob was sent to Germany. He spent a year in Germany and was honorably discharged in November 1946.
The family since had moved to Cleghorn, Iowa when Bob answered an ad for a bookkeeping job in Jefferson at the Home State Bank. There, Bob met his future wife, Hazel Byrns.
Bob and Hazel were married in 1949. Her father set them up in farming. To this union, two sons were born, Rodney and Alan.
For sixteen years, Bob was a 4-H leader and served on the County Fair Board. He served on the soil conservation board and took water samples. He also served on the Farmers Mutual Board. Bob was a member of the American Legion and the Bagley Methodist Church. He belonged to bowling leagues in Jefferson from the early 1950’s until 2014. He enjoyed fishing, golfing and wintering in Florida.
Bob was preceded in death by his parents; his brothers, Dean and Darwin; and a sister, Joan.
Survivors include his wife, Hazel of Panora; sons, Rodney (Deena) Frederick of Bagley and Alan (Ann) Frederick of Jefferson; seven grandchildren; 17 great-grandchildren; two sisters, Sandra Parks of Columbus, Minn. and Mary Beckley of Eagle Rock, Mo.; sisters-in-law: Doris Frederick of Cleghorn, Judy (Dennis) Larson-Kimble of Jefferson and Eleanor Toomey of Dallas, Texas; other relatives and many friends.
Slininger-Schroeder Funeral Home in Jefferson was in charge of services.


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This booster seat will keep active, on-the-go kids safe and comfortable while in the car.
Designed for children 40-100lbs and 43″-57″ tall.
Adjustable headrest grows with child.
Pull-out storage drawer allows child to access on-the-go activities without unbuckling and keeps larger items safely contained.
Integrated cup holder and additional storage on sides of seat keep items within reach at all times.


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More than just a pretty face. Sure, this classic timepiece is sleek and chic, but there's a lot going on beneath the surface. Diamond accents offer the watch a tastefully substantive luxury presence, while providing a readable dial. Stainless steel gives the piece a durability you can trust, and the automatic movement means you won't have to do much to keep it ticking. Elegance was never so essential.
These diamonds are graded at HI color (near colorless) and promotional clarity.


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This image gallery named as Carriage Style Garage Doors Garage Doors Openers might be ideal solution for your decoration. As the author has insert this image into Wood Garage Doors Home Depot post section, would ease you to find the perfect match of you decor desire.
speaking regarding content, there’s great material it is possible to select from. Wooden chair are the best choice for those who really want elegant appearance. You understand that woods have longer strength. Other than that, in addition, it just require short upkeep. But do you really know that wood is encouraged by strong sturdiness for two 2 decades? That’s the reason you are able to decide on them as your first option. We are able to say that wood would be the proposed material to your garage home furniture.
To begin with, let us talk about the way you clean it. Once we understand, all dwelling appliances will want to get medicated with the home owners. Fixing and clean-up home furniture isn’t easy specially for your own garage. Additionally you have to learn just how exactly to wash it properly either with water or damp cloth. Very well, using small home furnishings variety, of course you’re going to be simpler to completely clean them. You will not only take longer time for cleanup them, right? So, this may be actually the first use of your small garage household furnishings.
There is a point at which the merchant need time for you and energy to rekindle the product of garage appliances. While waiting for the news product released, the merchant provides reduction to this client and offers cheap cost of product that is older. You may take gain to acquire cheap garage appliances in this moment. It’s generally come about in September and October.
To your inspirations in designing garage Island for your garage, gathering island with comfortable appearance and chairs will be very excellent. Moreover if you have guest trip is quite often. For this gathering island, you need to apply large island and make cleaning sink or area . Add some comfortable seats there and this will encourage people for sure.
White garage cupboards look clean and fresh. We understand a cool garage is the one which is fresh and clean, proper? White garage cupboards can be followed perfectly with vibrant appliances along with garage equipment. Undoubtedly, white color is ideal for backdrop. White garage cupboards can finish any garage with different colours. White garage is obviously of course certainly one of them. White garage cabinets for sure move well with white countertops, white appliances, white garage chairs and white garage tables, etc.. White garage cabinets can be placed in any kinds of garage, such as traditional, modern, timeless , etc.. In an garage you’ll find other tools and appliances along with parts of furniture to complete it. Those things normally have different substances. Which are materials which can be perfect to combine with white garage cabinets?
How Can I Buy carriage style garage doors garage doors openers?
Quantify your garage space. Used garage dining table and seats come as one set, so there will be several chairs on the bundle. By quantifying garage space beforehand you will know how many seats can match to the room and the number of seats you’ll need. If you want to entertain your guests and your garage can accommodate big celebration, then one pair with larger table and several chairs could be your alternatives. In case you have little garage then table with two or four seats maybe enough for you.


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Alright! so the bottom line is that we knew Lenovo would bring the A7000 to India and the pricing would be competitive as ever. At 8999 INR, it is still a good deal but we will try to get hold of a unit to test it thoroughly and bring you back the details, the review and what we think around who should get a A7000 or what is a better offering out there. Stay tuned!
Availability – The Lenovo A7000 will be available for sale exclusively on Flipkart from 15th April at 2PM, registrations for which are open now. Register here!


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Levin’s new alternative single is a fascinating acoustic tune that’s driven by an extraordinary blend of the acoustic guitar, synthesizer and piano. The track uniquely entices its listeners to experience every situation, like listening to music, as it relates to them, and freely attach their own feelings to the experience.
‘Bookmark’ also stunningly and perfectly embodies the overall feeling of ‘A General Air of Regret’s overall message that whenever someone goes somewhere new, they’re never truly alone amongst humanity. The musician also prolifically reminds his listeners during his latest single that even though people may experience intense emotions during their high and low moments, most of their lives happen somewhere in the middle of those two periods.
The singer sentimentally remembers the time he has spent with his family during his earlier years throughout ‘Bookmark’s narrative, before delving into contemplating where he’s currently situated in his life. He vulnerably admits that he’s hoping that something will change in his life, as he feels that he’s wasting away. While he realizes that he’s stuck in his current moment like the title bookmark, he also knows that he has a future journey to embark on and embrace. Admitting that he can heal if he places his heart on the line is sure to make the edgy song a hit single on the adult contemporary charts.
For more information on Levin, visit his SoundCloud, Google Play Music and Spotify pages.


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This morning my husband said my goal was to find some recipes and take care of me. That was a great way to start the day.
So I have been tracking all that goes in my mouth today and I forgot that when you track you are always more careful of what you eat.
I found my exercise dvd's and dusted them off. now all I need to do is actually use them.

industry_corpus2: Health & Medicine


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A new study by researchers at Yale and Johns Hopkins University has discovered how asthmatic bronchial spasms — muscle contractions in the airway that cause difficulty breathing in asthma patients— occur by creating a microdevice that mimics the behavior of the human respiratory airways.
Led by Andre Levchenko, professor of biomedical engineering, and Johns Hopkins postdoctoral fellow Onur Kilic, the team investigated the mechanism by which the smooth muscle surrounding bronchial airways — the network of tubes that deliver oxygen to the lungs — suddenly contract and cause bronchial spasms. During bronchial spasms, sudden contractions of the smooth muscles result in decreased airflow, not only in asthma patients but also in healthy people.
Using a microdevice that mimics the behavior of bronchial airways, researchers were able to create what Levchenko called a “bronchi on a chip” — a microphysiological model of the airway to analyze biochemical and mechanical signals.
According to the study, muscle contractions triggered by allergens or other small substances in the airways initially respond to positive feedback, meaning that initial contractions lead to more contractions. But eventually, the contractions stop when smooth muscle relaxes. The study found that in the asthmatic model — the microdevice with cells taken from an asthma patient — this relaxation takes much longer than in the nonasthmatic model, explaining why asthmatic patients experience airway constriction for a longer period of time.
The study also discovered that inducing a second asthmatic trigger during a spasm at the right time to actually induce smooth muscle relaxation and stop the spasm — a finding with important clinical implications, according to Levchenko.
“One of the most surprising discoveries in our model was that various triggers of smooth muscle contractions could not only stimulate the model airway once, but also that when the same trigger was used again, and if the second trigger came at the right time, the persistent bronchial spasm could actually relax,” Levchenko said.
According to Kilic, building the device required several components. First, the device had to keep human lung cells alive using a toxin-free silicon elastoma medium through which cells can breathe. Second, the device required epithelial cells, or cells that protect and support the structure of the airway and serve crucial functions in oxygen exchange. Finally, the device required smooth muscle cells — strips of muscle that surround the airway — in order to simulate the human bronchial airways’ contractions.
The smooth muscles lack biological function, much like the human appendix, and are referred to as “vestigial” leftovers of the evolutionary past, according to Kilic. However, complications in the smooth muscle could still lead to serious medical problems, notably the airway constrictions experienced by asthma patients.
A mechanical stimulus similar to a bronchial spasm was artificially induced in the microdevice to resemble deep breathing. As these motions opened up the airways, cells incorporated in the device were able to stretch. When pressure was applied to the cells exposed to air, airway constriction involving epithelial cell compression led to strong contractions of the smooth muscle cells.
Levchenko and Kilic explained that the research team recorded the movement of magnetic beads attached to the cells’ surface in order to monitor mechanical changes within the cells during muscle contraction and relaxation. By incorporating the cells of both asthmatic patients and healthy people into the device, the researchers were able to contrast the activity of asthmatic and normal muscle movements.
The researchers also identified that a protein with mechanosensor function called the Yes-associated protein, or YAP, was the biochemical component that enabled the epithelial cells to sense mechanical stress.
According to Levchenko, YAP acts on cyclooxygenase genes that code for enzymes, COX1 and COX2, that help form prostaglandin hormones. The prostaglandins formed are differentially responsive to mechanical stimuli: one causes contraction and another causes relaxation. During initial smooth muscle contractions that stimulate further contractions, the prostaglandin causing contractions was secreted more. After a certain time, the prostaglandin causing relaxation was secreted, allowing for the contractions to stop.
In addition to the complexities of asthmatic bronchial spasms, Kilic said that asthma is a challenging area of research due to the difficulty of using animal models.
“Asthma is one of the few human diseases that cannot be modeled by animals due to unique features of the human respiratory functions and mechanisms,” he said.
Nevertheless, the study’s findings provide future directions and important targets for future treatments, Levchenko said.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 in 13 people have asthma.
Viola Lee | viola.lee@yale.edu .


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With a Sixt car hire in Tubingen you're close enough to Stuttgart for business meetings or have an ideal base for exploring the German region of Baden-Württemberg. Our vehicles range from large minivans to small family saloons or treat yourself to the comfort of a luxury car, 4x4 or convertible. Whether you're travelling with family or a larger group of business colleagues our premium fleet has something to suit all budgets.
When you book in advance you can lock into the best deals and packages from Sixt, making sure to look out for offers on unlimited mileage and comprehensive insurance. Our attractive range of extras are designed to help you enjoy a stress-free visit to Germany and include Sat Navs so you arrive at your destination easily and child seats to keep your family safe. We're also happy to insure drivers under 25. We guarantee your chosen vehicle category will be ready for pick up, but are unable to guarantee specific makes and models.
As a large university town Tubingen offers a cosmopolitan air to visitors along with a vibrant nightlife of cafes and restaurants. The charming old town lies on the banks of the River Neckar and is a medieval warren of narrow cobbled streets, stepped alleys and quaint buildings with surprises to discover around every corner. It is the ideal place for a couple of hours strolling before lunch. Take a short evening drive in your car rental from Tubingen to the old Cistercian Monastery on the edge of the forest. It is attractively floodlit as the sun sets. A short pleasant cruise in your rental car takes you along country roads from Tubingen to the fairytale castle of Burg Hohenzollern, then head on for some hiking in the Schönbuch Forest.


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"Our church has used Corinth for the past few years, and they are excellent. The bus is always clean and well taken care of. Our driver (Bruce) is always so nice and courteous, I always feel safe and comfortable when he is behind the wheel. I would recommend Corinth charters for any of your needs they really take the worry out of traveling. "
"Major shout out to these three men who safely transported 120+ Warriors all over DC and safely returned us to our families! These men are amazing drivers. They fought the hustle and bustle of DC traffic as if they were maneuvering a tiny sports car. These men can parallel park those giant busses as if they were parking a bicycle. Thank you so much to Mr Greg Page and Corinth Charters and Tours for a perfectly planned seven day trip! We could not have asked for a more perfect trip! "
"Our trip to Memphis was awesome! Corinth Charter and tours did everything to accommodate us. The Bus Driver was beyond all expectations, so much so we had the congregation give him a generous tip. He got us to our destination on time, picked us up on time, and got us home in time. I will always use Corinth Charter and Tours for our church traveling needs! The New First Baptist Church Maury City Tennessee"
"Great an amazing company! Some colleagues and I had an amazing tour with Corinth last Spring. Highly recommended!"

industry_corpus2: Transportation