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A federal crackdown on adulterous adopted food of animal advance hormone has bootless to stop aggressive misuse, and instead has apprenticed almanac sales of the biologic by some of the world’s bigger biologic companies, an Associated Press assay shows.
The crackdown, which began in 2006, bargain the actionable breeze of able food from China, India and Mexico.
But aback then, Big Pharma has been acceptable the abiding desires of U.S. users and abusers, including abounding who booty the biologic in the apocryphal achievement of dabbling the furnishings of aging.
From 2005 to 2011, inflation-adjusted sales of HGH were up 69 percent, according to an AP assay of biologic aggregation abstracts calm by the assay close IMS Health. Sales of the boilerplate decree biologic rose aloof 12 percent in that aforementioned period.
Unlike added decree drugs, HGH may be assigned alone for specific uses. U.S. sales are bound by law to amusement a attenuate advance birthmark in accouchement and a scattering of aberrant altitude like abbreviate bowel affection or Prader-Willi syndrome, a complete ache that causes bargain beef accent and a abridgement of hormones in glands.
The AP analysis, supplemented by interviews with experts, shows too abounding sales and too abounding prescriptions for the cardinal of bodies accepted to be adversity from those ailments. At atomic bisected of aftermost year’s sales acceptable went to patients not accurately accustomed to get the drug. And U.S. pharmacies candy about bifold the accepted cardinal of prescriptions.
Peddled as an borsch of activity able of axis middle-aged bodies into angular machines, HGH – a actinic anatomy of the advance hormone fabricated artlessly by the animal pituitary gland – apprehension up in the acquisitive easily of affluent, crumbling users who achievement to apathetic or alike about-face the crumbling process.
Experts say these association don’t charge the drug, and may be afflicted by it. The declared fountain-of-youth anesthetic can account amplification of tissue, carpal adit affection and abscess of easily and feet. Ironically, it additionally can accord to crumbling ailments like affection ache and Type 2 diabetes.
Others in the medical enactment additionally are demography a fat allotment of the profits – doctors who avoid prescriptions, as able-bodied as pharmacists and distributors who are agreeable to attending the added way. HGH additionally is awash anon afterwards prescriptions, as new-age snake oil, to patients at anti-aging clinics that accomplish added like automatic biologic mills.
Years of raids, sports scandals and media absorption haven’t chock-full above drugmakers from affairs a whopping $1.4 billion account of HGH in the U.S. aftermost year. That’s added than industry-wide anniversary gross sales for penicillin or decree abhorrence medicine. Anti-aging HGH regimens alter greatly, with a anniversary bulk about alignment from $6,000 to $12,000 for three to six self-injections per week.
Across the U.S., the medication is about dispensed through prescriptions based on abnormal diagnoses, anxiously crafted to accomplishment jerk allowance in the law akin use of HGH, the AP found.
HGH is about answer on the Internet with the aforementioned affectionate of before-and-after photos begin in phenomenon diet ads, forth with berserk absorbed claims of accelerated beef growth, accident of fat, greater vigor, and added abstract allowances to adults far above their concrete prime. Sales additionally are apprenticed by the claimed endorsement of celebrities such as extra Suzanne Somers.
Pharmacies that already risked case for application unauthorized, adopted HGH – break labeled as raw biologic capacity and banned above the bound – now artlessly allocate name brands, about for the aforementioned banned uses. And usually with impunity.
Eight companies accept been accepted permission to bazaar HGH by the U.S. Food and Biologic Administration, which reviews the allowances and risks of new biologic products. By contrast, three companies are accustomed for the diabetes biologic insulin.
The No. 1 maker, Roche accessory Genentech, had about $400 actor in HGH sales in the U.S. aftermost year, up an inflation-adjusted two-thirds from 2005. Pfizer and Eli Lilly were additional and third with $300 actor and $220 actor in sales, respectively, according to IMS Health. Pfizer now gets added acquirement from its HGH brand, Genotropin, than from Zoloft, its acclaimed abasement anesthetic that absent apparent protection.
On their face, the numbers accomplish no faculty to the accustomed hormone doctors accepted as endocrinologists who accommodate accepted HGH assay to a babyish cardinal of patients.
Endocrinologists appraisal there are beneath than 45,000 U.S. patients who adeptness accurately booty HGH. They would be accepted to use about 180,000 prescriptions or refills anniversary year, accustomed that archetypal patients get three months’ account of HGH at a time, according to doctors and distributors.
Yet U.S. pharmacies aftermost year supplied about alert that abounding HGH – 340,000 orders – according to AP’s assay of IMS Bloom data.
While doctors say added than 90 percent of accepted patients are accouchement with bantam growth, 40 percent of 442 U.S. side-effect cases angry to HGH over the aftermost year complex bodies age 18 or older, according to an AP assay of FDA data. The boilerplate adult’s age in those cases was 53, far above the prime age for sports. The oldest patients were in their 80s.
Some of these medical annal alike accord absolute hints of use to action aging, answer assay with affidavit like fatigue, cartilage abrasion and “off-label,” which agency assay of an crooked condition. In added cases, the biologic was acclimated “for an alien indication,” acceptation that the acumen for assay wasn’t clear.
Even Medicare, the government bloom affairs for earlier Americans, accustomed 22,169 HGH prescriptions in 2010, a five-year access of 78 percent, according to abstracts appear by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services in acknowledgment to an AP accessible annal request. And about bisected the access came in one year: 2007.
“There’s no question: a lot gets out,” said hormone specialist Dr. Mark Molitch of Northwestern University, who helped address medical standards meant to absolute HGH assay to accepted patients.
And those abstracts don’t accommodate HGH awash anon by doctors afterwards prescriptions at array of anti-aging medical practices and clinics about the country. Those numbers could alone be tallied by biologic makers, who accept beneath to say how abounding patients they accumulation and for what conditions.
The AP approached every U.S.-authorized architect to ask what efforts they accomplish to bazaar responsibly and anticipate abuse. Alone one HGH supplier, Novo Nordisk, agreed to an interview.
“We’re accomplishing our akin best to accomplish abiding that the appropriate patients are accepting the appropriate anesthetic at the appropriate time,” said aggregation agent Ken Inchausti.
He said the aggregation is acquainted of the corruption issue. He said if patients administer for abetment from the company’s patient-support hub, prescriptions will be flagged for assay if they are missing the best accurate assay or an endocrinologist’s signature. He said the aggregation won’t advertise HGH anon to doctors accused of bad practices and does not accord with anti-aging clinics.
Representatives of added FDA-approved HGH makers assert they do not animate use by bodybuilders or athletes or flush babyish boomers aggravating to anamnesis their youth. But some said they are abundantly bare to ascendancy who uses their medications or why.
“Lilly cannot bind the accomplishments of distributors, pharmacies or doctors,” Eli Lilly backer Kelley Murphy said in a accounting statement.
That altercation doesn’t fly for critics like Dr. Peter Rost, a retired Pfizer controlling who filed a bigmouth accusation over the HGH business practices of Pharmacia, which afterwards alloyed with Pfizer. He said biologic companies are artlessly attractive the added way and action that their profits will concealment the bulk of any fines.
They appearance it as “good business,” he said.
Type “human advance hormone” into any Internet chase engine, and it will discharge aback endless websites with aureate promises of smoother skin, bigger , weight accident and alike renewed anatomy organs.
Any doctor who absolutely prescribes the biologic for those purposes is demography a acknowledged risk.
FDA regulations ban the auction of HGH as an anti-aging drug. In fact, aback 1990, prescribing it for things like weight accident and backbone conditioning has been amiss by 5 to 10 years in prison.
Such business claims are commonly fabricated at hormone clinics like Palm Beach Activity Extension, whose owners are amid 13 bodies now apprehension balloon on federal accuse in Florida in a steroids and HGH administration case brought aftermost year.
“Grow YOUNG with Us!” screamed a banderole on the company’s now-defunct website, which advertised that HGH can abate anatomy fat, advance vision, strengthen the accustomed system, aid branch function, lower claret burden and enhance anamnesis and mood.
The dispensary abiding to accept its clients’ prescriptions abounding at Treasure Coast Pharmacy, in Jensen Beach, Fla.
In 2009, the FBI recorded a buzz alarm amid the pharmacy’s owner, Peter Del Toro, and a doctor in Elkton, Md., who was allied with agents afterwards actuality active in a accompanying steroid-distribution case.
Their talk, accurate in a cloister filing, illustrates how things about assignment in the networks of pharmacies and clinics that drive HGH sales.
Patients submitted a medical history anatomy by mail and took a claret test. But in best instances, the allegation said, the appraisal was a sham: One doctor was answerable with giving a dispensary a pad of blank, active prescriptions to save him the assignment of signing off on anniversary diagnosis. He got $50 for every biologic adjustment address his name, the allegation said.
Dr. Rodney Baltazar, the Maryland physician allied with the FBI, sometimes consulted briefly with patients via webcam. But he fabricated it bright in the alarm that those evaluations were apathetic at best.
Baltazar was a gynecologist, not an endocrinologist. He said he knew “a little bit” about HGH and testosterone, which are about assigned in tandem, but he relied abundantly on dispensary salespeople to set doses.
The pharmacist accomplished the doctor: Accumulate abounding medical archive documenting that patients are demography the biologic for at atomic some affectionate of bloom problem, aloof in case the U.S. Biologic Enforcement Administration anytime came calling.
Del Toro was arrested forth with 12 added bodies in September 2011 on accuse that they broadcast steroids and animal advance hormone to bodies who had no accepted medical need. He is apprehension trial. His advocate beneath to comment. Baltazar was bedevilled to six months in bastille for captivation in steroid administration schemes.
At the acme of the crackdown in 2007, the federal government went afterwards Pfizer in a case involving anti-aging clinics. The aggregation paid $34.7 actor in fines to achieve the case – 11 percent of the company’s anniversary acquirement from the drug.
Blockbuster U.S. sales of HGH represent the latest annoyance in 25 years of government efforts to ascendancy corruption of the advance biologic fabricated abominable by sports scandals.
First marketed in 1985 for accouchement with bantam growth, HGH was anon misappropriated by adults absorbed on base its bashful muscle- and bone-building qualities. Congress bound HGH administration to the scattering of attenuate altitude in an amazing 1990 law, cardinal the about complete appropriate of doctors to appoint medicines as they see fit.
Despite the law, adulterous HGH advance about the sports apple in the 1990s, accurate abysmal appropriate into bodybuilding, academy athletics, and able leagues from baseball to cycling. The alike above banned bazaar amid earlier adults has flourished added recently.
For years, cheaper food from crooked adopted factories, decidedly in China, fed the bazaar via absolute and Internet sales that sidestepped the medical establishment.
Though such shipments were banned beneath added law, the imports initially admiring little absorption because they were usually labeled as raw biologic ingredients, which compounding pharmacies are accustomed to accompany into the country.
That breeze began to be concise in 2006, back U.S. biologic authorities stepped up efforts to block shipments at the border.
A scattering of pharmacies above the country were hit with angled accuse over their administration of HGH. Federal prosecutors answerable China’s bigger HGH maker, GeneScience Pharmaceutical, with illegally distributing its Jintropin cast in the U.S. The company’s CEO pleaded accusable in 2010.
With adulterous food crimped, abounding pharmacies chock-full affairs crooked HGH. But tens of bags of developed abusers began affairs cher U.S.-approved HGH that remained accessible in abounding supply, the AP begin in its assay of sales data.
Thus, pushed by a able demand, sales of U.S.-approved brands accept swelled far above accepted levels for a biologic accustomed in aloof a scattering of attenuate conditions.
Dr. Robert Marcus, a retired hormone specialist who larboard HGH architect Eli Lilly and Co. in 2008, said that aggregation was angled on endlessly adopted counterfeits, not on acid off abusers. “That’s area their above akin of annoyance was – biologic artifice – rather than absorption on bodies who were application advance hormone illegitimately,” he said.
Dr. Jim Meehan, of Tulsa, Okla., who has acclimated HGH to amusement crumbling problems and sports injuries, said the federal clampdown “never seemed to affect my patients and their adeptness to get Omnitrope, Tev-Tropin” and added government-approved brands.
The big biologic companies accept acclaimed the adopted crackdown and apprenticed the government to do alike added to action sales of affected or fraudulently labeled HGH. In 2004, Bruce Kuhlik, speaking for the Biologic Assay and Manufacturers of America, told a federal assignment force that crooked biologic access “is inherently unsafe” and industry assembly acclimated Chinese HGH imports as their affiche child.
In 2007, as the HGH embargo acquired momentum, accustomed makers best up 41 percent added HGH orders, adopting their anniversary absolute from 245,000 to 345,000, according to the assay of the IMS Bloom data. Similarly, best of the drug’s sales bang happened in the aboriginal two years of the crackdown, with 46 percent inflation-adjusted advance in anniversary sales to $1.1 billion.
Steve Kleppe, of Scottsdale, Ariz., a restaurant administrator who has taken HGH for about 15 years to accumulate activity young, said he noticed a bulk jump of about 25 percent afterwards the block on imports. He now buys HGH anon from a doctor at an anniversary bulk of about $8,000 for himself and the aforementioned bulk for his wife.
Despite college prices, the business has broadcast in contempo years abundantly on the backbone of sales to advantageous adults who can allow to allow their achievement of application active vigor.
Many earlier patients go for HGH assay to array of anti-aging practices and clinics heavily concentrated in retirement states like Florida, Nevada, Arizona and California.
These sites are affiliated with hundreds of doctors who are rarely endocrinologists. Instead, abounding acclaim acceptance by the American Board of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, admitting the medical enactment does not admit the group’s bona fides.
The clinics action alone programs of “age management” to business executives, flush retirees, and added patients of means, sometimes accompanying with the amenities of a vacation resort.
The clinics assert there are few, if any, ancillary furnishings from HGH. Mainstream medical authorities say otherwise.
A 2007 assay of 31 medical studies showed abscess in bisected of HGH patients, with collective affliction or diabetes in added than a fifth. A French abstraction of about 7,000 bodies who took HGH as accouchement begin a 30 percent college accident of afterlife from causes like cartilage tumors and stroke, active a bloom advising from U.S. authorities.
These promoters of HGH say there is a affiliation amid the declivity in advance hormone levels through adolescence and the concrete abatement that begins in backward average age. Replace the hormone, they say, and the crumbling action slows.
Some accurate studies of HGH accept begin bashful benefits: some beef and cartilage building, as able-bodied as bound fat loss, but annihilation like the claims of the anti-aging industry. And some of the amount accustomed to HGH may instead appear from testosterone, which is commonly provided with HGH by anti-aging doctors and sports suppliers.
Endocrinologists say it’s accustomed for the anatomy to aftermath beneath advance hormone as bodies age above their aboriginal 20s, because they aren’t growing anymore. Alone a tiny cardinal of adults with abnormally low HGH levels – conceivably several thousand of them – are believed to ache absolute deficiencies that can appropriately be advised with the hormone.
Still, anti-aging doctors commonly analyze contrarily advantageous middle-aged bodies with an HGH deficiency, artlessly because their levels are lower than in adolescent adults. “Basically anyone activity through midlife,” can account from the drug, declared one prescriber, Dr. Howard Elkin, of Whittier, Calif., who has himself competed as a bodybuilder.
Like abounding anti-aging doctors, he diagnoses patients by testing for a claret basic alleged insulin advance factor, which is alongside angry to HGH. Endocrinologists use a added accurate assay that stimulates the pituitary gland to accomplish HGH itself. About all insurers assert on this dispatch testing, and that’s why dispensary patients about consistently pay for HGH out of their own pockets.
Bob Vitols, a 50-year-old lab abettor at a veterinary anesthetic aggregation in Lincoln, Neb., is a attenuate exception. His almighty acceptable bloom plan isn’t accustomed to claiming a doctor’s prescription.
Four years ago, Vitols began activity run down. So he Googled his affection on the Internet, absitively he had a hormone deficiency, and approved out a clinic.
One doctor put him on testosterone backup therapy. A additional dispensary added HGH afterwards diagnosing him with osteopenia, a balmy cartilage abrasion accepted in crumbling adults. It is not, however, a action that can appropriately be advised with HGH.
Despite the diagnosis, the treatments – which can bulk $10,000 per year – accept been covered by his bloom insurance, he said. He takes Genotropin, the HGH fabricated by Pfizer. His prescriptions are abounding via mail adjustment by CVS Caremark Corp., one of the bigger dispensers of decree drugs in the U.S.
Vitols said the biologic afflicted his life: his affection is better, and he isn’t afire out every day at 2 p.m. “I feel like I could airing alfresco and aloof airing through a fence – and appear out accomplished on the added side,” he said.
His adventures with the biologic haven’t all been positive, though. Vitols said he initially developed animated alarmist enzymes and went to a specialist, who told him to stop demography hormones immediately.
Instead, Vitols said, he adapted his dosage, and the botheration disappeared.
“I could acquaint he was adjoin hormones appropriate at the start,” Vitols said.
Associated Press Writer David Caruso appear from New York and AP National Writer Jeff Donn appear from Plymouth, Mass. AP Writer Troy Thibodeaux provided abstracts assay abetment from New Orleans.

industry_corpus2: Biopharmaceuticals


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Gilbert Carlson was born in 1922 and graduated from Purdue University in 1946 with a degree in Mechanical Engineering. Gil as known by his peers, went on to work for the Bell and Gossett Company in Morton Grove, Illinois where he spent his entire working career, retiring as their Director of Technical Services in 1988. He also served on the Industry Advisory Committee of Purdue’s Herrick Laboratories for 32 years. Mr. Carlson joined the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers (now ASHRAE) in 1953. Shortly thereafter he co-authored with Harold Lockhart a paper “Compression Tank Selection for Hot Water Heating Systems”, which at the time, greatly simplified sizing of the compression chamber. The paper led to the subsequent seminal paper that changed the hydronic system industry. As an author, Gil published more than 100 articles and papers which were published in the ASHRAE Transactions, Journal, and other leading trade magazines. Gil served for many years on numerous ASHRAE TCs. He was considered the “Dean” of TC6.1 and TC8.2 for many years. He was an ASHRAE Fellow and a recipient of the Distinguished Service Award and the Life Member Award. He held seven U.S. patents on balancing devices and other hydronic control specialties and gave the design community the round slide rule nomograph, the “System-Syzer®”. Mr. Carlson’s talent was to reduce large, complex systems into small manageable components that would work together in harmony through the “common pipe” principle. He would get his audience or readers thinking with cryptic, cleaver expressions like “a difference isn’t a difference unless it makes a difference” and the principle of the tee, which was “all of the water flowing into a tee must flow out of the tee and all of the water flowing out of a tee must have flowed into the tee.” He was a mentor to generations of engineers. Gil traveled the world lecturing and performing his diagnostic skills on major systems that could not perform – he was a hands-on engineer of the highest order. Gilbert Carlson was recognized as an ASHRAE Pioneer of the Industry at the Society’s 2013 Winter Conference in Dallas, Texas.
Sadi Carnot was born in Paris on June 1, 1796 and died on August 24, 1832. At age 16, Carnot entered École Polytechnique graduating in 1814 and continued his studies in military engineering at the École du Génie at Metz.
The first of Carnot's major works was a paper which he wrote in 1822-23. This paper attempted to find a mathematical expression for the work produced by one kilogram of steam. The paper is similar in its aims and methods to several other papers which appeared around this time. Carnot's work, however, is distinguished for his careful, clear analysis of the units and concepts employed. It is also distinguished for its use of both an adiabatic working stage and an isothermal stage in which work is consumed. From its style and detailed descriptions, the paper was intended for publication but never published. Its existence was only discovered in manuscript form in 1966.
In 1824 Carnot published the only work he would publish during his lifetime, “Réflexions sur la puissance motrice du feu et sur les machines propres à développer cette puissance” which includes his description of the "Carnot cycle." This book became well known after Clapeyron published an analytic reformulation of it in 1834. Carnot's ideas were later incorporated into the thermodynamic theory of Clausius and Thomson.
Carnots’s book was initially neglected at its time of publication. It was published on June 12, 1824 and on July 26th of that year, Pierre Girard gave a long review of it to the Académie des Sciences in Paris. Pierre Girard's review was very positive and published in the Revue Encyclopédique. Although the review stated the theorems and the conclusions of Carnot's work fully, it did not comment on the highly original reasoning which Carnot had employed to achieve his results.
Carnot continued with his research after the publication of his book. Although none of his additional works were ever published, his notes have survived.
Mr. Carnot was recognized as an ASHRAE Pioneer of the Industry at the Society’s 2018 Winter Conference.
William Ellsworth Fontaine was born in Chicago, Illinois on May 5, 1905. He graduated from Lane Technical High School and attained his Bachelor of Arts in Science degree at Central YMCA College, later called Roosevelt University, in Chicago in 1935. He received a Bachelors of Science in Mechanical Engineering in 1942 followed by a Masters of Science in Mechanical Engineering in 1944, both at Purdue University where he went on to teach and remained on faculty for 35 years. Prior to that William worked as a draftsman and signal engineer for Western Electric Company, and the Burlington and Quincy Railroad in Chicago from 1924-1937. Following his retirement Mr. Fontaine earned the designation of Professor Emeritus of Mechanical Engineering at Purdue University. Professor Fountaine’s milestone contribution to the HVAC&R Industry was establishing the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories at Purdue University, the first of its kind. Its successes have had a great influence on expanding industry support of graduate student research that in the 1950s was usually limited to supporting fellowships. The outcome has been tangible advancement of the arts and sciences of HVAC&R. The way that the Herrick Laboratories under Professor Fontaine’s leadership handled such issues became a role model for the way industry and many other universities do directed research. More than 700 students have graduated from the laboratories since Fontaine’s dream became a reality; close to half of them were specifically relevant for the HVAC&R industry. He was a regional director for the American Society of Refrigerating Engineers (ASRE) in 1959 when the society merged with the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers (ASHVE) to form today’s ASHRAE. Mr. Fontaine was selected as an ASHRAE Fellow and served on the ASHRAE Board of Directors. Professor William Fontaine was recognized as an ASHRAE Pioneer of the Industry at the Society’s 2013 Winter Conference in Dallas, Texas.
Dr. John Gorrie (1802 – 1855) is the first documented American to propose and construct a mechanical refrigeration machine for making ice. But he was also the first American to use mechanical refrigeration for comfort cooling.
By 1850, he had constructed a couple of refrigeration machines, performed numerous scientific experiments on them and published another article, “On the Quantity of Heat Evolved from Atmospheric Air by Mechanical Compression.” In an attempt to finance his ambitions, he adapted his machine for ice making, obtaining a British and U.S. Patent. His U.S. Patent is the first to be issued for mechanical refrigeration. One of his machines was installed in Havana, Cuba and another in London.
He published a promotional pamphlet for an ice making system in 1854, but unable to successfully launch his machine, he become despondent and died in 1855. He applied for another U.S. Patent on a comfort cooling system which was never issued. His air cycle system ideas were later refined and produced by others.
Dr. Gorrie’s publications include: Refrigeration and Ventilation in Cities, On the Prevention of Malarial Diseases, On the Quantity of Heat Evolved from Atmospheric Air by Mechanical Compression, and On the Nature of Malaria and Prevention of its Morbid Agency.
Dr. Gorrie was recognized as an ASHRAE Pioneer of the Industry at the Society’s 2014 Winter Conference.
Daniel Livingston Holden was born in Boone County, Kentucky in 1837 and died at the age of 87 in Philadelphia. As a Charter Member of the American Society of Refrigerating Engineers (ASRE) in 1904, he is considered to be one of the first pioneers of the U.S. ice making refrigeration industry.
As a Kentucky schoolboy in 1856, he was fascinated by the ice formation on the underside of a plate of boiling ether. After serving as a pilot on the Mississippi River, he became interested in engineering, attending a technical school in Cincinnati. Holden then served in the cavalry during the American Civil War, retiring as a Major.
The Civil War cut off the natural ice supply that came south from sources like Maine and New York state forcing the Texas beef industry and breweries to encourage inventiveness in mechanical ice making. During the war, the French designed Carré absorption refrigeration machine was shipped through the Union blockade into Mexico and eventually to Texas. After the war, in 1865, Holden, as a principal in the engineering firm Mepes, Holden & Montgomery obtained the smuggled Carré machine and installed it in San Antonio, Texas. It did not, however, produce clear ice. Holden made several improvements to the design and used distilled water to produce the first crystal clear ice in Texas. The next year, in 1866, Holden purchased rights to a new refrigerant made of petroleum ether and naphtha as refrigerants, called “chymogene.” Soon, he was installing systems across Texas and into Louisiana and the south. In 1869 Holden acquired several patents on his own designs to improve ice making techniques.
Holden also developed the first mechanically refrigerated abattoir in Fulton, Texas for the purpose of chilling and curing beef for shipment to Liverpool England and other destinations. The Texas beef industry applauded his improvements, which greatly reduced product losses.
In the early 1890’s Holden established a manufacturing company in Philadelphia where he continued patenting and manufacturing improved ice making methods well into his late 70’s. He was issued 15 U.S. patents between 1867 and March 3, 1913. His final improvement was the energy saving “regealed ice machine.” It produced flake ice, which was then compressed into solid ice blocks on a continuous basis.
Mr. Holden was recognized as an ASHRAE Pioneer of the Industry at the Society’s 2016 Winter Conference.
Carl Linde (1842-1934) studied Mechanical Engineering at Zurich Polytechnic and beginning in 1864 was employed as a locomotive builder. In 1868 he was appointed Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the Technical University of Munich where he established the technical journal Bayerisches Industrie-Blatt (Bavarian Journal of Industry and Trade). His articles in the journal focused on the thermodynamics of mechanical systems.
In 1870, he entered a contest to invent a system that would keep paraffin at a uniform low temperature year round. Linde pursued the project using a rigorous thermodynamic approach to analyze existing systems of refrigeration resulting in a vapor-compression refrigeration system that was energy efficient as well as practical in cost. He published his analysis in two papers in 1871: Mechanical methods of extracting heat at low temperatures and Advanced Ice and Refrigerating Machines which lead him to design and patent a very efficient ammonia vapor compression system in 1876. These papers came to the attention of members of the German brewing industry who approached Linde requesting that he construct a refrigerating machine which after some experiments furthered the design and patent of his advanced ammonia vapor- compression system.
In 1879 he resigned his professorship and started his own manufacturing company, Gesellschaft fur Linde’s Eismaschinen (Company for Linde’s Ice Machines) in Wiesbaden, Germany. His refrigeration machines were sold throughout the world, particularly to breweries. In the US, his systems were sold by the Fred W. Wolf Co. in Chicago after 1880. By 1900, his vapor compression systems were considered to be at least 20% more efficient than any of his competitors.
In 1875, while teaching at the Technical University of Munich, he established a laboratory for theoretical mechanical engineering to test various methods of refrigeration. Beginning in 1894, he specialized in cryogenics and developed the first methods to commercially liquefy air. He was the first to construct an air liquefaction plant using the Joule-Thompson effect. He continued to improve the process, constructing a number of specialized liquefaction plants.
Mr. Linde was recognized as an ASHRAE Pioneer of the Industry at the Society’s 2015 Winter Conference.
Andrew Muhl was born in France in the Alsace Region on February 17, 1831. He attended college in Paris, learning the machinist and locksmith trades and served his time in the French Army. He was a contemporary of Carre who had invented the Ammonia Vapor Absorption Cycle Manufacturing Machine used to make ice. Muhl had learned how to build these machines and was soon making ice and ice cream.
In 1865, at age 34, he decided to immigrate to Mexico, but ended up instead in New Orleans, due to his ship being blown off course. He decided to remain in America and from New Orleans went to Washington, DC, Atlanta and finally San Antonio, Texas. In 1867, he invented and established the Andrew Muhl Ether Ice Making Machine Co. He was awarded a US Patent for his design in 1871, “Improvement in Apparatus for Manufacture of Ice.” This was an Ether Vapor Ice Machine Apparatus Improvement. In 1874, he was awarded a US Patent for “Improvement in Apparatus for Cooling the Air of Buildings.” This was an early invention of Air Conditioning and used an Ether Vapor horizontal coil and blower arrangement which achieved a more uniform temperature distribution and positive ventilation within the room.
In 1869, using his improved design he designed and built an ice plant which produced artificial ice that was 15 degrees colder and in purity and general good qualities superior to natural Brazos River Winter Harvested Ice at a much reduced cost. At the time, after the end of the Civil War, Texas beefsteak was costing $0.02/lb., but ice was priced at $0.15/lb. to $0.25/lb! After his plant got into full production in 1871, he was able to reduce the cost of ice to $0.80/100 lbs.! This made it feasible to ship Texas beef to burgeoning markets in the East and Midwest. The plant had a capacity of 2.5 tons of ice per day and when beer was introduced to the city, the demand for ice grew because people liked to drink beer cold.
He continued to manufacture his process that he marketed, sold, installed, operated, maintained and improved the Ether Vapor Ice Machine and other types of equipment and to sell ice to the people for an extended period of time in several cities within Texas – San Antonio, Austin, Waco and Temple as well as numerous other locations until his death from a stroke suffered at work at his plant in Temple, Texas, on January 15, 1892.
Mr. Muhl was recognized as an ASHRAE Pioneer of the Industry at the Society’s 2015 Winter Conference.
Carl Georg Munters was born March 22, 1897 in Dala-Jama, Sweden. Carl graduated from the Stockholm Norra Real Upper Secondary School in 1917 and in 1918 created his first patent which was a starting crank that did not kick back for combustion engines. After graduating from the Royal Institute of Technology in 1922, Carl’s patent application relating to the household refrigerator was filed. This application, known as the “Platen-Munters" refrigerator design, had no moving parts and used the absorption principle with ammonia as a cooling agent. The creation of the refrigerator was aimed at residential use and would allow a small gas flame at one end while allowing ice to be produced at the other. The “Platen-Munters” refrigerator design is still sold today for use in house trailers, campers, and boats where gas is suitable fuel.
Carl, through collaboration with John Tandberg, also developed foam plastic (known by the Dow Chemical trademark as Styrofoam). Foam plastic was made to expand by introducing soluble gas under pressure into the melted substance. When the pressure was quickly lowered, the substance bubbled and hardened into a highly porous structure that turned out to have excellent insulating properties. Although Carl envisioned its use for insulating refrigerators, the product was used in life vests and rafts during World War II. Today we encounter it in numerous forms as insulating and packaging material. Though foamed plastic is not often used in HVAC applications, it is likely the most widely used of Carl's inventions.
In 1953, Carl and his associates made their big breakthrough in developing efficient heat and mass transfer surfaces. They developed structures using thin, tightly bound corrugated sheets that provided enormously higher efficiency in a heat transfer device of any given size. The new structures were dramatically smaller. Carl and his colleagues immediately started to pursue innovative uses for these structures such as compact heat exchangers, cooling towers, dehumidifiers, humidifiers, and heat recovery units. Today these inventions are known as Heat Recovery Wheels, Evaporative Air Cooling, and Humidification Media. One year later his team started to develop a compact but highly efficient fill for cooling towers. Carl was actively promoting indoor environmental quality and sustainability in the 1950s!
Carl’s inventions were based on simple heat and mass transfer and used no refrigerants or compressors. Much like the focus of his inventions, the Munters Corporation, founded in 1965 in Fort Myers, Florida tested and manufactured cooling towers, evaporative cooling media, and the residential air conditioner with no compressor. The equipment produced because of his ideas have benefited millions of people. The Munter’s companies today now employ more than 3,000 employees in 30 countries and 6 continents. The inventions of Carl Munters have evolved into the core technologies of energy efficient, sustainable HVAC equipment and are still finding new markets today. During his lifetime, Carl Munters was granted more than 1,000 patents and most of his inventions are still being used today.
Carl Georg Munters died on March 29, 1989 at the age of 92.
Mr. Munters was recognized as an ASHRAE Pioneer of the Industry at the Society’s 2017 Winter Conference.
Benjamin Franklin Sturtevant was a creative young shoe cobbler in Maine who invented a machine to make the wooden shoe-pegs used to stitch soles. At age 23 he went to Boston with 20 cents in his pocket to market this and some other shoe related inventions. Finding a financial backer, he extended his ideas into machines for making toothpicks. He started a factory to mass produce shoe-pegs but was bothered by the amount of air-borne wood dust in the factory. By 1860 he was experimenting with fans and centrifugal blowers to exhaust the wood dust, and soon realized these devices could be manufactured and sold for ventilating purposes. He then abandoned the shoe-peg and toothpick business and converted his factory to manufacture centrifugal fans.
In 1869 and 1870 he was granted several patents for centrifugal fans and heating-cooling apparatuses. Sturtevant used boiler produced steam to power the steam engine driven blower, and used a heat exchanger to recapture the heat from the engine exhaust. A subsequent patent added a heat exchanger to recapture heat in the boiler flue gasses. Some of his patents were significantly notable for their energy conservation features.
Sturtevant's equipment was initially used in factories, but heating and ventilating engineers saw the merit of the idea for building an HVAC system. By the time of Sturtevant's death in 1890, the system (known as the fan system, hot blast system, or plenum system) was being applied to large buildings. The engineering department of Sturtevant’s company published design material that enabled HVAC engineers to design all air systems for all types of applications. By the 1900’s, Sturtevant’s company was the leading supplier of air-side equipment for large buildings. The company since then has gone through several mergers.
Benjamin Sturtevant can be said to be the founder of the air-side of the HVAC industry, considering that he not only invented the equipment but also began the first company specializing in the engineering and manufacturing of these systems.
Mr. Sturtevant was recognized as an ASHRAE Pioneer of the Industry at the Society’s 2016 Winter Conference.
Fredrick Wittenmeier was born in Zweibrucken, Germany on March 25, 1863. At the age of 19, Mr. Wittenmeier immigrated to New York where he began his occupation in Refrigeration Engineering. During his career, he worked as the Manager of Kroeschell Bros. Ice Machine Company designing carbon dioxide as a refrigerant for refrigeration equipment in 1897 – 1917.
His many project designs and installations for Kroeschell Bros. included a wine cellar in 1897, and patenting comfort air cooling systems in 1905. He designed a direct expansion cooling/air washer system for public rooms of the Chicago Auditorium/Congress Hotel, and in 1911 for the Blackstone Hotel. The first ASHVE meeting was held at the Auditorium Hotel in July of 1906 and was cooled by Mr. Wittenmeier’s carbon dioxide cooling system.
In 1917, Mr. Wittenmeier left Kroeschell Bros. to establish his own company, Wittenmeier Machinery. While serving as President of his own company, Wittenmeier specialized in designing comfort cooling equipment utilizing carbon dioxide refrigerant. By 1920 his company was the dominant player in air conditioning theaters. Patents held by Mr. Wittenmeier include the Compressor Unloader, 1902; Compressor Shaft Seal, 1905; Air Cooling apparatus, 1911; compressor Discharge Valve, 1921; and Refrigerating System, 1926.
Mr. Wittenmeier was a member of ASRE and a pioneer in the development of carbon dioxide refrigerating systems and the application to cooling systems. He was responsible for the design and installation of the earliest air conditioning system in hotels and theaters.
Frederick Wittenmeier died in 1928 at the age of 65.
Mr. Wittenmeier was recognized as an ASHRAE Pioneer of the Industry at the Society’s 2017 Winter Conference.
Alfred R. Wolff (1859–1909) was considered the leading consulting heating and ventilating engineer at the end of the 19th century. Based in New York City, working with the leading architects of the time, he designed the H&V systems of many of the major buildings in New York, including St. Patrick’s Cathedral, Columbia University, New York Hall of Records, Metropolitan Life Building, Carnegie Hall, Gimbel Brothers Department Store, Bellevue Hospital, National Coty Bank, New York Athletic Club, residences of Cornelius Vanderbilt and Andrew Carnegie, Plaza Hotel, Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, and the New York Public Library, as well as dozens of others.
He was a pioneer in design of comfort cooling systems, devising the first co-generation heating-cooling systems for Cornell Medical College, the New York Stock Exchange, Hanover National Bank and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Mr. Wolff earned a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering in 1876 at age 17 from the Stevens Institute of Technology. He became interested in the science of heating and ventilating large structures and introduced the use of calculations of system load using heat transfer coefficients into U.S. practice. He was the first engineer to divide heating plants into units spaced on multiple floors for high-rise buildings. Realizing the importance of humidity regulation in buildings, he convinced Warren Johnson to develop the humidistat control. He also was the first to incorporate air filters in his designs.
In 1901 Mr. Wolff proposed the largest cooling plant ever attempted for the new building of the New York Stock Exchange. The 300 ton co-generation system used absorption chillers powered by electric plant exhaust steam, providing summer cooling at no additional energy cost. The system operated successfully for 20 years.
His engineering thesis, later published as The Windmill as a Prime Mover, is still considered one of the foundation engineering texts for windmill technology. He was a charter member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Mr. Wolff’s publications include The Value of the Study of the Mechanical Theory of Heat, Ventilation of Buildings, and The Heating of Large Buildings, Some Moral Factors in the Engineer’s Career.
Mr. Wolff was recognized as an ASHRAE Pioneer of the Industry at the Society’s 2014 Winter Conference.

industry_corpus2: Power & Energy


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By Evangelism. Discovered by Player FM and our community — copyright is owned by the publisher, not Player FM, and audio streamed directly from their servers.
The latest podcast feed searching 'Evangelism' on SermonAudio.
1748 episodes available. A new episode about every 5 days averaging 40 mins duration .
A new MP3 sermon from 721 Ministries is now available on SermonAudio with the following details: Title: Evangelism is as Simple as 1-2-3 Subtitle: A Deeper Relationship Speaker: Sam Hunter Broadcaster: 721 Ministries Event: Radio Broadcast Date: 4/12/2019 Length: 25 min.
A new MP3 sermon from Salem Ebenezer Reformed Church is now available on SermonAudio with the following details: Title: The Confession that Saves Speaker: Rev. Kyle Sorensen Broadcaster: Salem Ebenezer Reformed Church Event: Sunday Service Date: 4/14/2019 Length: 33 min.
A new MP3 sermon from New Hope Baptist Church is now available on SermonAudio with the following details: Title: The Unbeatable Combination Speaker: Edgar Lee Paschall Broadcaster: New Hope Baptist Church Event: Conference Date: 8/6/1990 Bible: Acts 8:26-37 Length: 75 min.
A new MP3 sermon from Cornerstone Bible Church is now available on SermonAudio with the following details: Title: Evangelize or Disciple? Subtitle: Guest Speaker Speaker: Randy Patten Broadcaster: Cornerstone Bible Church Event: Sunday Service Date: 11/18/2018 Length: 50 min.
A new MP3 sermon from Bible Believers Church of Elizabeth is now available on SermonAudio with the following details: Title: Public Evangelism Speaker: Jeff Trout Broadcaster: Bible Believers Church of Elizabeth Event: Sunday Service Date: 4/7/2019 Bible: Romans 1:16 Length: 47 min.
Start listening to Evangelism on SermonAudio on your phone right now with Player FM's free mobile app, the best podcasting experience on both iPhone and Android. Your subcriptions will sync with your account on this website too. Podcast smart and easy with the app that refuses to compromise.

industry_corpus2: Others


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Aquarium supplies and accessories, plants and decorations, lightning, food and much more !
A braziliam store - see now!
Seller/ Breeder of high quality African Cichlids of Lake Malawi, Fish Care Products, Aquarium Maintenance Service.
Online store specializing in Filters, Supplements, Pumps, Food, and Health Management for Freshwater, Marine, or Koi. Visit our Forums.
Reef Playground is your premier aquarium service, installation, relocation, and design company servicing the Los Angeles area. We sell, lease, and maintain all types of saltwater and freshwater systems. ReefPlayground.net is also your destination for aquarium related supplies and livestock.
All the best products for your pets, aquariums and ponds by the worlds largest discount pet care mail order catalog company.
Established in 1998 and the first professional internet shop for aquarium and pond products. The products we offer are imported directly from the manufactures or the regular importers. For you very importand because of security and guarantees.

industry_corpus2: Agriculture & Fisheries


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Are you just reselling WordPress?
We are not reselling WordPress. We began with the WordPress platform then built our own CMS (Content Management System) within it. The result is an amazingly easy-to-use website builder with multiple customizable templates.
Can I purchase an individual template?
Our Sharefaith website templates are constantly getting new features and updates and, because of our coding, will only work with our Sidekick web editor. For these reasons, we do not sell our Sharefaith website templates. As long as you are an active member of Sharefaith and have a Website or Complete membership, you will have access to all of our Sharefaith website templates.
Can I take my template with me?
If you decide to cancel your Sharefaith membership, the website template you are using stays with Sharefaith.
There is no way to move or host a Sharefaith website without an active Sharefaith membership.
How often do new templates come out?
We are always adding and improving our website template collection. Our developers do a fantastic job of creating new templates and features for our Sharefaith websites. We typically release a new template every 3 months. The best way to find out when we have released a new template is to subscribe to our Sharefaith newsletter.
Is there a fee to switch templates?
No, there is never a fee to switch templates. You can switch your templates as many times as you want with just a click of a button!

industry_corpus2: Computing & Telecommunications


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KABUL, Afghanistan (AP) — The death toll from Tuesday's Taliban attack in Kabul rose sharply overnight from 28 to 64, according to the Afghan Interior Ministry.
Gen. Abdul Rahman Rahimi, Kabul's police chief, said Wednesday during a press conference that two investigative teams have been appointed to investigate the attack in Kabul. He added that most of the casualties were civilians, including women and children.
The attackers targeted an agency that provides protection for high-ranking government officials, similar to the U.S. Secret Service. A suicide bomber detonated an explosives-laden truck outside the compound, and a pair of gunmen entered the compound in the aftermath before being killed.
The Taliban have claimed responsibility for the attack.
Regarding the attack Rahimi said, "The initial reports show that the attack was planned outside of the borders of our country" — language that Afghan officials often use to blame neighboring Pakistan, who they accuse of harboring the Taliban leadership.
The country's chief executive Abdullah Abdullah postponed an upcoming visit to Pakistan and headed to the scene of the attack on Tuesday, his spokesman, Jawed Faisal, said.
"The government raised the call for peace, but unfortunately the answer by the enemy was fighting, violence, bloodshed, killing innocent people," Abdullah said.
Hundreds of family members of the victims gathered at area hospitals awaiting word of their conditions overnight and Kabul residents started an emergency blood donation campaign to help the victims.

industry_corpus2: Politics & Administration


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talking about the 1998 Steven Speilberg Oscar winner Saving Private Ryan.
expectations from it because I have never really been much of a Speilberg fan.
But my love for Tom Hanks’ theatrical ability compelled me to watch the movie.
all these Oscars and whatnot. It has to be good, right?
can feel is guilt and fear as he watches his men who die in front of his eyes.
the disbelief in the eyes of Captain Miller. That is why Tom Hanks is magical.
sometimes even by uttering a single word (Wilson! Wilson! Wilson!).
have a man like Speilberg directing the film.
simply too much time gap to be filled up by that single scene.
situation like that. So, he does the only thing he can; save himself.

industry_corpus2: Film & Entertainment


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Infinix zero 5 was one of the first Infinix phone that pioneered the Infinix the optical zoom and the dual camera technology advancement. It sprouted in the market as a replacement, coming after the Infinix zero 4 flagship. Well lot of expectation are felt and realized in the unveiling of the new Infinix zero 5. Expectations without predictability was seen among customers and bloggers. The untold expectations were in terms of the new design and features to come.
It was launched in Dubai and ushered into the Android Market with style. Infinix Zero 5 feature a fine body design with an attractive and catchy design both from the back and front. Unlike the other 18:9 aspect ratio phones, Infinix Zero 5 features not the same screen size. It come in a totally new designs with efficiency in handling. Well the new design makes handling easier and finer compared to the other 18:9 ratio phones.
Back camera (dual camera) 12 MP and 13 MP with LED flash.
A battery worth 4350 mAh that is non removable.
Estimated as 6.0-inch screen size, yet exactly 5.98 inches, is the 2.5D curve screen which complements the attractive design brought by Infinix zero 5. It displays your text and images with a crisp clear definition. It lets us enjoy a crispiness of realness in images by a 1080 by 1920-pixel screen powered by a 368 dots per inch.
Making the device even faster and more efficient is the new and powerful octa-core processor which runs at a speed of 2.6 GHz. Nevertheless, the fineness of the processor is engineered by a real time speed processing supported by Mediatek Helio P25, which makes the device even faster thereby boosting the speedy boast.
A high speed RAM, the serves the high speed processors, is a notch higher for the Infinix Zero 5 performance. It features 6 Giga Bytes of Random Access Memory. RAM simply shows the ability of the phone to run a couple of tasks at the same time. In my view 6GB is a good work phone with few or no freezing cases.
Infinix zero 5 operates under an Android 7.0 Nougat operating system. It come already installed in the phone. The Android 7.0 Nougat is supported by an XOS v3.0 skin. The operating system gives the phone an interface worth of praise and recognition. It totally takes the user interface to another level. The fact that zero 5 is under flagship, makes the OS upgradable to an Android 8.0 Oreo.
Security never left out, Infinix zero 5 has a fingerprint scanner at the back of the phone, just below the cameras. The fingerprint scanner location is situated in a very convenient location where almost any finger would easily access without tussle. Apart from convenience, the scanner acts as an added security to your data and privacy.
Storage should be no issue in Infinix zero 5. The high definition photos, videos, large file and applications, all have a shelter and safe place to be kept. It comes with a variation in storage. 64 GB being the lesser and 128 GB being the larger storage capacity. Not to mention the 2 TB Micro SD expansion ability. Space is undisputable.
A fine elegance in the photos by Infinix zero 5 are captured by a dual camera technology and a 16 MP front camera both coming with a LED flash. The dual back camera features a refined 12 and 13 Mega Pixels which delivers regardless of the darkness at night or in a dark room. With a 10 times zooming ability, zero 5 optically zooms objects and gets you that fine shot that you look for.
The 16 MP front camera moreover, with a LED, gives the elegance of a selfie moment in an eye catchy photo. Powered by pre-installed features, for instance face detection, auto-focus, beautifier, phase detection among other features, you would not miss on quality selfies with Infinix zero 5.
Capture every emotion, moment and realness of your likes in a high definition video, boasting 1080p2@30fps. The videos apparently take quite some space but who would dispute a possible storage of more than 2TB in a mobile device. All is taken into consideration in the phone design both software and hardware.
Never leaving out the communicability of the device, it has a dual micro SIM ability with a 4G network. The two SIM cards support both 2G, EDGE and 3G networks with up to 85.6kbps, 236.8kbps and 42.2mbps and 11.5 mbps download and upload links respectively. Bluetooth and Wi-Fi functionality are as well unquestionable.
Durability may have doubts, considering the real time features. Well, the Infinix zero 5 battery is handsomely designed to fit the powerfulness of the phone and its performance. It has a 4350 mAh battery with a quick charging functionality. Comparing Infinix zero 4 and zero 5 battery, there is a distinct range in the capacities. Infinix zero 4 is 1150 lesser in capacity. This shows that Infinix zero 5 lasts longer than the Infinix zero 4 because of the difference in battery capacity.
A metallic unibody finishing give the phone an astounding design which at some point tends to have a resemblance to other phones such as Huawei thus not really unique. Coming in 3 different variations in color, Infinix zero 5 showcases a gold, apple red and matte black colors.
Other interesting features of Infinix zero 5 are the presence of an accelerometer, compass, proximity, light sensor among others. A light sensor enables the device to effectively control the brightness in varying amounts of light both indoors and outdoors. The browser uses HTML 5. It also come with preinstalled applications like photo and video editor and document viewer.
Infinix zero 5 is sold both in Kenya, Uganda and India. At around 122000 – 135000 naira which approximates to 310 USD, is the price of the phone in Nigeria. In Kenya a similar phone is sold at KES. 10999 and varies again in India at around Rs 20000.
Infinix zero 5 will be sold both online and offline in a number of countries in the world. The countries include Ghana, Pakistan, India, Kenya Nigeria among other African and Asian countries. Ideally there is no glimpse of information that we would sooner have a peep at Infinix zero 5 plus.
When purchasing the phone online, both Nigerians and Kenyans can access the phone on Jumia.
Similar Infinix zero 5 phones in the market.
Despite the detailed specs review for Infinix zero 5, you may want to offer of acquire a different model which resembles or is closer to Infinix zero 5. Well we recommend Tecno Phantom 8 would be the best alternative to fit zero 5.


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Beck’s Band is fully insured.
An authentic Civil War era brass band and performs for Monument Ceremonies, Balls and period social events.
Are you interested in performing music from the Civil War period?


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Replacing your home windows might not be the first item on your home renovation list, but it could be extremely beneficial to your home. Simply switching to dual-paned windows could make your home twice as effective at retaining heating and air conditioning.
That being said, it’s important to take your time when making this decision. Here are a few things to take into consideration when you’re choosing new residential windows.
New windows are typically installed when a homeowner wants to change the size, shape, or structure of the current window opening. In this case, additional carpentry is usually needed before window installation.
Replacement window installation only involves replacing old windows. Unlike putting new windows in, there is no work done to the surrounding structure or trim.
If you’re happy with the appearance of your current windows and want to promote a more energy-efficient home, replacement windows are probably going to be a better option for you. And while new windows generally don’t cost any more, it’s important to take the additional work cost into account.
Low-emissivity (Low-E) glass is designed to reduce the amount of heat that flows through it. It’s created using a microscopically-thin layer of material applied directly to bare glass.
This is an especially helpful feature if you live in a neighborhood with a lot of kids who play baseball. And impact resistant glass not only holds up against baseballs, it’s excellent in extreme weather conditions.
No matter which glass you choose, make sure you’re taking your interests for your home into account.
Windows are an important part of your home, and they should make you feel good about it. So next time you need new home windows, don’t forget to take these things into consideration.
Your windows are a central part of your home’s overall energy efficiency. This is why it is important to know when they need replacing. Buying replacement windows is a $300 to $700 investment on average, creating additional payoff in other areas. If you notice any of the following signs, it might be time to give your local window company a call.
If you notice a sudden spike in your utility bills, your windows could be to blame. This could be a sign of air leaks, faulty glass seals, or dislodged frames. By locating and replacing the problematic windows, you will better insulate your entire home.
If parts of your window are broken or displaced past the point of repair, replacement is likely in order. It is important to address these problems quickly, as they can spread into more serious damage.
When renovating a room or your entire home, you might notice that your windows look out of place. In this case, consider upgrading your windows along with other aspects of your house.
If you suddenly find yourself shivering while sitting in your favorite chair by the window, it’s time to check for drafts. Do this by moving your hand or a lit match in front of the window frame.
Living in a hurricane or tornado prone area puts your home’s exterior at high risk for damage. If your house weathers these types of storms regularly, it will likely require more frequent residential window replacement.
Be sure to call a residential window installation company and order your replacement windows soon after you notice these symptoms. By acting quickly, you are preventing any further damage or increased energy costs in the near future. The window professionals will also be able to inspect your windows to pinpoint the problem and recommend the best type of window for your home’s needs.
Best Windows Inc. offers high quality commercial and residential window installation in the Chicago area. Call us today to schedule your window replacement.
You hired the perfect local window company and your beautiful new windows are installed in your home. While you are now able to enjoy improved energy efficiency and a better overall aesthetic, don’t get to comfy. To keep your home windows looking and working as good as they are right now, be sure to practice frequent maintenance. By following these simple window maintenance tips, you can help your windows last for years to come.
Keep It Clean: Periodically wipe down the window frame with a damp cloth to remove dust and dirt. Use glass cleaner to keep the window panes shiny. Be diligent in your cleaning to prevent dirt and mold from building up.
Seal Off Gaps: This is especially important if you live in a cold climate or if you run an air conditioner in the summer. When air sneaks through the small spaces between your window and frame, you could see a spike in energy bills. The best residential windows prevent energy loss, but keep an eye out for cracks.
Mind The Exterior: While it is certainly more convenient to pay attention to the inside of your windows, don’t forget to check the outside, too. Your exterior windows are subject to harsher conditions, so they will likely need more cleaning and repair.
Hire A Professional: Some jobs are too big for you to handle on your own. If you spot any major damage such as cracks in the frame, call a window company. They will be able to do a thorough inspection and determine exactly what your replacement plan should be. You don’t want to cause further damage by trying to fix this damage on your own. Likewise, you don’t want to damage yourself in a misguided DIY attempt to fix your second-story windows.
Know When To Replace: With proper maintenance, high quality residential windows can last up to 20 years. With this said, not all windows are the same. Depending on the material and environmental conditions, your windows could need replacing sooner. A professional will be able to tell whether you need to schedule residential window replacement.
By keeping up with these maintenance practices, you can assure the longest life possible for your windows. Just remember that there is no perfect formula for keeping your windows in prime condition. When in doubt, call your local window professionals sooner rather than later to schedule an inspection. They will inform you on the precise condition of your windows and can recommend a new window installation plan if necessary.

industry_corpus2: Real Estate & Construction


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Security - United Rail, Inc.
United Rail provides security management on trains, in stations, and in our Network Operations Center for your operations.
United Rail trains experienced security personnel in passenger rail focused techniques and requirements to provide effective pre-boarding and on-train security. We will plan and execute a security plan for your stations and facilities.
United Rail will integrate security technology in stations, on-train, and facilities to provide you with the ability to monitor 24 X 7 to protect your assets, passengers, and personnel.
United Rail will provide trained dogs for bomb and drug screening as your needs require.
Established in 2005 by industry veterans, United Rail is a solutions driven rail resource management company catering to independent rail operators in the passenger rail excursion and short line freight business. Our strategic outlook and means of planning is more than effective, it allows us to help clients grow and expand while we do the same.

industry_corpus2: Transportation


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Tasting Schedule for 1/19, 1/20!
–Left Hand beer selection 1-3 p.m.
Previous PostPrairie Pirate Bomb and Pirate Noir *sold out*Next PostHelp us select our newest single barrel bourbon!


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NEW YORK – Wall Street ended an erratic session essentially flat Monday as investors grew anxious about upcoming first-quarter earnings and the possibility that interest rates won’t be declining anytime soon. A $2 drop in oil prices lent support to the major indexes.
The Dow Jones industrials rose 8.94, or 0.07 percent, to 12,569.14.
Broader stock indicators were mixed. The Standard & Poor’s 500 index edged up 0.85, or 0.06 percent, to 1,444.61, and the Nasdaq composite index fell 2.16, or 0.09 percent, to 2,469.18.

industry_corpus2: Finance & Economics


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Ready to send in the clowns? Announce their arrival with Teatral (free), Tobias Sommer’s digital salute to classic wood type. An added plus to this TrueType font: Math signs are included in case the whole honking herd stampedes towards accounting.
This free download throws every character into the ring with rugged block serifs and shading inside and out. Teatral comes with 188 characters including yen, pound and euro signs. Handy stuff if your clowns want to work the international markets with style. Using Rob Meek’s FontStruct application, Sommer has made clever use of modular elements to build a series of diamond details into the interior of each letter. This behind-the-scenes piecework doesn’t come easy. The result is a modern take on traditional chiseled decoration.
Like its non-digital cousins, Teatral is ideal for headlines, logos, and labels. Consider using individual elements, such as brackets and arrows, as standalone embellishments for plain-Jane memos—or go bold. Etch one exclamation mark into your favorite beer mug. Whatever you do, keep it personal. This download is covered by a non-commercial license. Contact the designer for permission to go to market.
One downside of the woodtype style: Although lowercase characters are provided using an alternative shading direction, the effect doesn’t make for a legible sentence. In case you want to give it a go, Teatral includes punctuation characters along with diacritics, accented letters, and charming licensing marks. Mr. Sommer speaks four languages, after all, and so does his cast of characters.


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i think this is how all of today’s top 40 music is made. regardless, i might wanna get my hands on this, so i can quit my day job and join the corporate record label slave trade.
This is a free VST plug-in for Windows that reproduces the retro 8-bit gaming sound of the classic Commodore64 computer.
There are ways to create the 8-bit sound by using converters and such, but it doesn’t get any easier (or more fun) than with this plug-in that you load up to any VST compatible music production software.
Visit de la Mancha’s website to download the FREE plug-in.


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2011 Toyota Rav4 Limited is one of the successful releases of Toyota. In the database of Masbukti, available 10 modifications which released in 2011: Rav4, Rav4 4wd, Rav4 4x4, Rav4 7 Seater, Rav4 Ev, Rav4 Hybrid, Rav4 Le, Rav4 Limited, Rav4 Sport, Rav4 Xle. The earliest available release of Toyota Rav4 in our website is 1994.
At the release time, manufacturer's suggested retail price (MSRP) for the basic version of 2011 Toyota Rav4 Limited is found to be ~ $21,600, while the most expensive one is ~ $28,600.

industry_corpus2: Automobiles


text: Teddy Bear from your childhood is coming back in Snowy: The Bear's Adventures! This time it is the funniest polar bear that lives in the world full of numerous but foolish monsters. You have to hit them with the only possible weapon - your snowballs. Shoot them at the nearest monster to create a big snowball and then kick it to get rid of the bothering creature. Try to knock as many monsters as possible with the sole ball and get extra points and powerful bonuses. They are really numerous in the awesome game Snowy: The Bear's Adventures. Collect letter and sweets to get more scores as well as cannons and dynamites to speed up. Do your best to get the helicopter bonus which allows to defeat your enemies with its propeller. Be aware that some monsters are especially dangerous because they split disastrous substance which takes away one of your lives. After each set of the levels you have to deal with the mighty boss which uses every opportunity to have done with you. Don't let it even a slightest chance! Shoot the monster with its own weapon - with the big snowball monsters. Remember, your lives are numerous but not unlimited. So watch out and start acting right now! Chose the mode - Kids, Normal or Hard - the one that suits you most and defeat every single monster! Use you strategy skills to remove them all with one kick. You'll definitely entertain yourself with the funny adventures of the smart bear. Download Snowy: The Bear's Adventures right now without paying a penny and help the polar bear live in peace!

industry_corpus2: Gaming


text: Maria’s Sicilian Extra Virgin Olive Oil is an aromatic and flavorful blend of different varieties of olives from the region in Sicily where Maria Maggio was born. The trees were imported from Sicily but grown in California with exacting, old-world organic farming methods and intimate care. The result is award-winning oil, certified by the California Olive Oil Council to ensure the highest quality and freshest flavor. The oil has exotic fruity and intense Mediterranean flavors that delight the palate, excite your dish, and improve your health. A truly great Sicilian oil that would make Maria proud!


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SG Firewall Refresh Offer - Byt din Sophos Firewall og få rabat på en ny!
For existing Sophos UTM and SG Series customers.
Customers enjoy a one-off saving on their new SG Series appliance when they refresh their hardware with a new model of the same or higher type.
The offer is only available when upgrading to an SG Series appliance. The saving is calculated based on the model of the appliance that is being traded in, NOT the model of the new appliance. This offer is designed to make it easier and more attractive for customers to refresh their Sophos UTM and SG Series hardware appliances. Upgrading to a new appliance enables customers to take advantage of the broader functionality in the latest software releases and the many enhancements in the SG Series appliances.
Offer valid to 30th June 2018.
Enter the hardware refresh SKU of the appliance being traded in.
Apply the hardware refresh promo code for the appliance being traded in. This takes the saving off the quote/order.
Enter the details of the new appliance being purchased as usual. All orders MUST include the serial number of the appliance being traded in.
Once purchased, customers need to transfer their license from the old to the new appliance. If they are moving to a higher type model, they first need to upgrade the license to the new model type via MyUTM.
Customers must stop using the old appliance, but don’t need to send it back.
Offer is at Sophos’ discretion and can be withdrawn at any time. Offer may not be available in all regions.
NOTE: Sophos regularly audits the use of this promotion and takes action whenever it is used incorrectly. Should you have any questions about using the offer please contact your Sophos account manager.
This offer is available for current customers with Sophos ASG, UTM and SG hardware appliance models only. Customers can use the bonus to upgrade to a Sophos SG appliance only.
Customer must: (i) be the original purchaser of the hardware appliance, and (ii) have a current Sophos software subscription for such hardware. Customer must provide the serial number of the hardware appliance being traded in when placing the order.
Upon receiving the new appliance, the customer must stop using the old appliance, but does not need to return it. Once purchased, customers must transfer their license from the old to the new appliance. In doing so, technical support will also be transferred to the new appliance. Saving is only available when moving to a model of the same or higher type – for example, from a UTM 320 to a SG 330. It is not available when moving to a lower type (e.g., from a UTM 320 to a SG 310).
Offer is valid from 1st July 2017 through 30th June 2018. Offer is available only through participating resellers. Offer is at Sophos’ discretion and can be withdrawn at any time. Offer is void where prohibited by law, and is subject to all applicable laws and regulations.


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The City of Kingston has been “designated” under the French Language Services Act (1986), which means that all provincial ministry offices must be able to provide their services in French.
Because of this designation, Kingston hospitals, including Hotel Dieu Hospital, have been “identified” as organizations that must develop a plan to provide services in both official languages. This plan allows us to work towards designation status. which signals that people can receive services in French and that Hotel Dieu is committed to providing services in French on a permanent basis. It is anticipated that it will take several years before we have completed the necessary steps to apply for designation.
The hospital is well on track with its French Language Services (FLS) Implementation Plan. Accomplishments to date include installing new bilingual signage; implementing a fully automated bilingual Switchboard; translating patient education and corporate materials; revising and developing hospital policies to address issues such as the recruitment, hiring and staffing of bilingual personnel; assessing and developing the French language skills of current staff and volunteers; and hosting a fully French-language community engagement event, where participants learned about our FLS implementation plan and heard from a French-speaking clinician.
Our goal in this work is to help ensure that Francophone patients and families feel comfortable in our hospital and understand that we are committed to improving access to French language services.

industry_corpus2: Health & Medicine


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Online Casino Ratings - Free 1 hour play casino bonuses: Many of them have a felt surface with card locations painted on the board, just like a real casino surface. They can usually be folded up for easy transportation and convenient storage. It gives a nice casino touch to any home game. One of the most important poker supplies has to be the refreshments you offer throughout the night.
They have been have been trying to think up of different offers to catch a potential player's attention. One such promotion is offering different types of casino bonuses to get people into playing on their online casinos. Casino bonuses are offers being given by online casinos that would enable a player to avail of bonus betting money to wager on the several casino games being offered.


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Today’s guest post is by David Hibbard, coauthor of SOAR Selling: How to Get Through to Almost Anyone (The Proven Method for Reaching Decision Makers) and founder of Dialexis. Hear Dave speak on November 16 at the Sales 2.0 Leadership Conference in Philadelphia. For more information or questions about the event, email larissa@salesdottwoinc.com.
Hearing “no” is often a good signal to look at your value proposition and how you deliver it. Here are a few considerations that may sharpen your selling skills and, ultimately, your results.
The other day I was on a call with a new prospect. I delivered my value proposition with clarity and professionalism. I asked questions and listened. The prospect asked questions and listened. The call was going pretty well, I thought.
Then the client told me no.
No? Are you kidding? I couldn’t believe it. I thought I had done a great job and the prospect still said no? What’s wrong with this guy?
Then it hit me. As much as I wanted to blame the client for “not getting it,” I remembered that it’s my job to take responsibility for the results I generate from my value statement and strategy.
Hearing “no” is often a good signal to look at your value proposition and how you had delivered it. Here are a few considerations that may sharpen your selling skills and, ultimately, your results.
Like me, you probably feel your value statement is excellent. Most salespeople do. I have no doubt that you have spent time developing it, your training department may have directed you, and, ultimately, your sales manager had weighed in on what you should say. So, when you deliver it on one of your prospecting calls, it should go over pretty big, right? Remember this: you’re trying to create interest with the prospect – not someone in your company. Just because you believe your value statement is compelling doesn’t mean the prospect does.
So it’s simple; all you have to do is figure out what the prospect is interested in, determine if your organization offers a solution that aligns with the client’s interest, and there you have it! To understand what executives are interested in, you simply have to look for clues – and those clues are on every firm’s Website. The formula for finding the clues for large enterprise accounts is R + CI + C + D = VS (Research + Corporate Initiative + Connectors + Differentiator = Value Statement). Note: Connectors are simply anything you discover you have in common with the president or company. They then become talking points sprinkled in when dialoging.
Take a look on the Website of a company under “About Us,” then look at “Leadership Team,” then click on “President/CEO,” and then search for “Annual Report” or “Letter from the President.” This will usually lead you to the firm’s Corporate Initiative.
Initiative is not the same as the organization’s Mission Statement. They are significantly different. The Corporate Initiative is what the president is focused on now. It may be to increase revenue in a vertical industry or enter the market with an entirely new product. Either way, once you discover the Corporate Initiative, you can determine if you or your firm have a differentiator that can support your prospect to achieve their objectives.
To discover what smaller firms are interested in, you have to understand fundamental B2B pain. Their situation may be quite different than that of the enterprise account. You may not find their corporate initiative on their Website; instead, you can look for “indicators” of corporate initiative or vision.
As a common denominator, you can make a fair assumption that most small firms are focused on “cash flow,” a common pain point. As a result, you can determine what your firm offers that will help your prospect generate top-line revenue. The formula for small firms is CP + I + C + D = VS (Client Pain + Indicators + Connectors + Differentiator = Value Statement). Indicators may be considered the “light” version of a Corporate Initiative.
It’s not always easy, but – if you can learn to accept 100 percent responsibility for generating a “no” on your prospecting calls – you will have an excellent base from which to be introspective. By accepting responsibility (not blame) for the no’s you get, you’ll be able to move from frustration to creation. Every new prospecting call that didn’t go the way you wanted it to will provide you with the opportunity to re-tool your offer. You move from blame to gain. How great is that?

industry_corpus2: Subject Education


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The National Library of Scotland does not necessarily endorse the views or opinions of any of these sites – we just think they're interesting. Our descriptions indicate the nature of the site and whether it is an academic or popular resource, or whether the site endorses a particular agenda.
The IHR has a directory of British historians and theses in progress, as well as details of seminars in all areas of history.
The BBC website accompanying Fiona Watson's television programme In Search of Scotland.
Or browse BBC History online in general.
Sponsored by Georgetown University, this must rank as one of the best resources for medieval history on the web.
The site says: 'We found this list of women rulers on a clever wooden ruler made by the Rich Frog Industries in Burlington, VT. We have added information about what made them famous.' A fun popular history site – meet some interesting medieval (and earlier) women.
A good list of links, bibliographies and FAQS by Sharon Krossa.
Digitised version of the famous 10th-century illuminated manuscript, containing the oldest surviving pieces of Scottish Gaelic writing.
Information on the Domesday Book of 1086.
Digital facsimile of the Aberdeen Bestiary, written and illuminated around 1200.
A list of Popes from the Catholic New Advent site.
From the Catholic community online forum. The patron saints of librarians and archivists are apparently Saints Catherine, Jerome and Lawrence. Alarmingly, Lawrence was cooked to death on a grid-iron, Catherine was allegedly beheaded, and only Jerome died of natural causes. It's a much less dangerous job these days.
The story of the Stewart dynasty, from the Royal Family's official website.
Complete text of the 14th-century epic.
Information on the Magna Carta at the British Library.
See also digital images of the BL's two Gutenberg Bibles.
The TEAMS Middle English Texts are published for TEAMS (The Consortium for the Teaching of the Middle Ages) in association with the University of Rochester. This is an academic site, but poetry by Robert Henryson is available online.
Read William Dunbar's bawdy 'The tretis of the twa mariit women and the wedo' here!
Website of Edinburgh's cathedral, with information about the building, the Reformation and the Covenants.
While Scots were rioting over prayer books, the Dutch were experiencing Tulipmania - find out about it here.
Find out about the reformer and his life and times at this good popular site by KDG Wittenberg.
A good popular site on Mary Queen of Scots.
A celebration of the 'Auld Alliance'.
This site gives access to over 1300 engravings and woodcuts from the MacBean Stuart and Jacobite Collection at Aberdeen University.
A Christian Devotional Society dedicated to King Charles.
The online magazine for military history enthusiasts has this article on the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh between Scotland and England.
Find out about the Scottish Parliament – old and new – at this site.
Begun in Scotland, and still useful for Scottish history.
The Center for Economic Policy Analysis (CEPA) is the research centre of the Department of Economics at New School University in New York.
Online version of the two Statistical Accounts of Scotland, covering the 1790s and the 1830s.
An interdisciplinary and international society examining all aspects of 18th-century Scottish culture and society.
The official Robert Burns site on the net.
This website tells the story of Scotland's most famous explorer.
An academic site devoted to literature, history and culture in the days of Victoria.
Find out about Edinburgh's One O'Clock Gun and other time guns around the world.
The official National Trust page on St Kilda.
Resource site on Scottish military history of the 20th century.
Find out about the German fleet scuttled at Scapa Flow in Orkney.
Visit the Queen Mary's home page and find out about the history of the ship, now a floating hotel.
The tragic story of one of the Arandora's passengers retold.
See photographs of the visit at the Rockmine music site.


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Exquisite Corpse - Journal of Letters and Life - Cabbalah to the Rescue!
Greenberg looks to science for answers and wonders where is religion when you need it?
Ed. Note: Holy texts as the Corpse sees it are concerned with humans only: they are short on fish and whatever eco-system humans are part of. The Corpse thinks that G-D could care less about what happens to us, at least as reflected in His published works.


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These words were spoken to Pharaoh, the king of Egypt. Kings of Egypt were viewed by their people as being gods, so these commands from GOD through Moses were not going over too well. It was going though, just as the LORD had said it would. Who is the greater authority? Pharaoh or GOD? The answer to that question should be easy to answer; but not for Pharaoh. No one was going to tell him what to do; not even this God of the Hebrews.
Pride will keep many a person; and indeed has already kept many an individual from coming to God through His Son Jesus. Do not let pride keep you from Him.
“Humble yourselves in the sight of the Lord, and He shall lift you up.” James 4:10. Lay your life before Him.


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A Cut AboveThis is a great gift for the person who loves Brie, or perfect for a holiday gathering! All four of our delicious Blue Heron flavors are included in this basket. Traditional, Herb & Garlic, Pepper and our Famous Smoked, as well as a cheese spreader.
Baked Brie BasketWarm, Gooey and Delicious! A perfect treat to enjoy during the Holidays! This gift basket includes an 8 oz. Blue Heron Traditional Brie, a Baked Brie Topping, and a Brie Baker (color of brie bakers may vary).
Biscuits and Tea This fun basket is great for any lover of tea and Scones. Included in this gift basket are The Republic of Tea’s British Breakfast tea tin, 3 individual wrapped single teas in a variety of flavors, our very own Blue Heron 2.5 oz. Marionberry Jam, Blue Heron 2.5 oz. Huckleberry Jam, Huckleberry Honey, Bee Local Honey Sticks, McTavish Shortbread Cookie Dippers and a Premium Scone mix.
BLUE HERON’S BEST This gift basket includes a Blue Heron Apron, Traditional Brie, Smoked Brie, Pepper Brie, Herb & Garlic Brie, Two Blue Heron Gourmet Mustards, One 2.5 oz. Blue Heron Marionberry Jam, One 2.5 oz. Blue Heron Huckleberry Jam, and Two Blue Heron Fruit Syrups.
Oval Willow Tray w/Wooden Ear Handles; Brown Stain 11.25" x 8.75" x 3"
Rectangular Willow with Wooden Ear Handles; Brown Stain12.5" x 7.125" x 4.875"
Willow and Rope Tray with Wooden Ear Handles Burgundy and Brown Stain14.5" x 9.75" x 4.5"
Squirrels are always trying to take this 5" Ann Clark Acorn Cookie Cutter. We can hardly blame them, since it's a useful shape for all things Fall! Bring a cookie platter to a school party, or bake for your relatives at Thanksgiving. Made in the USA.Size: 5"
Fly away with the 4 3/4" Ann Clark Airplane Cookie Cutter. You'll feel like you've earned your pilot wings when you delight your friends & family with freshly baked airplane cookies. Comes attached to a card with a delicious recipe for sugar cookies and icing. Made in the USA.Size: 4 3/4"
Drop anchor for the 4" Ann Clark Anchor Cookie Cutter. Give this shape to your favorite boat captain, or bake cookies for a trip to the high seas. Bon voyage! Made in the USA.Size: 4" x 4"
Flutter your wings with the Ann Clark's 5 1/4" Butterfly Cookie Cutter. This cookie cutter will make you feel like it's springtime, even in the dead of winter! Cut out cute cookie shapes for kids, or use it for playtime (Play-Doh "sandwiches", anyone?). Made in the USA.Size: 5 1/4"
Candy Cane Cookie Cutter to make delicious cookies to serve as Christmas treats or to decorate the tree. This Candy Cane cutter also serves as a fondant cutter or can be used for Holiday Crafts. This cookie cutter comes attached to a card with a delicious recipe for candy cane sugar cookies and icing. Made in the USA.Size: 4 1/2"
Ann Clark Christmas Star Cookie Cutter 4 1/2" Made in the USASize: 4 1/2"
Here is an udderly delightful cookie cutter! The 4" Ann Clark Cow Cookie Cutter won't moo for you, but it will create some fun farmyard cookies. Comes attached to a card with a delicious recipe for sugar cookies and icing. Made in the USA.Size: 4"
If I were a princess, I'd make you my prince. Declare yourself Princess (or Queen, if you prefer) with the 4 3/4" Ann Clark Crown Cookie Cutter. People will bow to you once you make a delectable platter of crown-shaped cookies. Use at birthdays, sleepovers, school events and weddings.Made in the USA.Size: 4 3/4"
Who doesn't love cupcakes?! If you'd rather have a cupcake than a tiered cake, try the 4" Ann Clark Cupcake Cookie Cutter. This shape works well for just about any occasion, especially birthday parties. This shape can also be flipped over to create a bearded man such as a leprechaun or Santa Claus. Made in the USA.Size: 4"
If you'd rather bake homemade treats for your pooch than buy them from a store, use this 3 1/2" Ann Clark Dog Bone Cookie Cutter to cut them. Comes attached to a card with a recipe for dog biscuits that Fido will love! Made in the USA.Size: 3 1/2"
Let freedom ring with the 4 1/4" Ann Clark Flag Cookie Cutter. Decorate cookies for the Fourth of July, or use for a school history project. This shape could be used to celebrate other heritage, too! Made in the USA.Size: 4 1/4"
You don't have to be familiar with the game to enjoy this 5" Ann Clark Football Cookie Cutter. These cookies are bound to score a touchdown at the next big game gathering! Made in the USA and HGH-free.Size: 5"
Get Ann Clark's 3 1/2" Fox Cookie Cutter out on a chilly night! Make fox cookies that are perfect for decorating, cut out fondant or pastries, make adorable appetizers or fun shapes for your kid's bento box. This adorable fox is also great for craft projects. Made in the USA.Size: 3 1/2"
Hop to a lily pad and catch the 4" Ann Clark Frog Cookie Cutter. If your kids like to catch frogs during the summer, they will be delighted to make Frog shaped cookies! Ribbit. Made in the USA.Size: 4"
All you need is love... and this 4" Ann Clark Heart Cookie Cutter. This popular heart shaped cookie cutter is perfect for decorating cookies, cutting out fondant and other soft foods, as a template for craft projects or given as a gift or favor. Made in the USA.Size: 4"
Say "yea" or "neigh" to the 4 3/4" Ann Clark Horse Cookie Cutter. Get out your saddle and go for a ride! This cookie cutter is the perfect gift for equestrians and anyone else who loves horses. Perfect for your Kentucky Derby party. Made in the USA.Size: 4 3/4"
This cookie cutter isn't just for the birds. Use the 5 3/4" Ann Clark Hummingbird Cookie Cutter to welcome Spring, even if it's not really Spring outside yet. Made in the USA.Size: 5 3/4"
Take a lick out of the 5 1/8" Ann Clark Ice Cream Cone Cookie Cutter. Cut out ice cream with this cookie cutter for a sweet summertime treat, or use as a decoration. Made in the USA.Size: 5 1/8"
This shape is a must for autumn celebrations. The 5 1/2" Ann Clark Maple Leaf Cookie Cutter is one of the top sellers, which is no surprise- it makes a beautiful cookie! Made in the USA.Size: 5 1/2"
Brides-to-be will find that the 4 3/8" Ann Clark Mason Jar Cookie Cutter is the perfect shape for wedding favors- use it to cut mason jar cookies for said events, or just give away the cutter itself! Also makes a thoughtful country-style gift for someone who has an elegant rustic touch. Made in the USA.Size: 4 3/8"
It's a Moose on the loose! The 6" Ann Clark Moose Cookie Cutter will stop you in your tracks. This classic wildlife shape has always been a top seller for our company. Made in the USA.Size: 6"
From wilderness cabins to surbanan kitchens, Ann Clark's 5 1/4" Mountain Bear Cookie Cutter is one of our top selling wildlife shapes. This bear shaped cookie cutter creates bear-y sweet treats and is terrific for craft projects. Made in the USA.Size: 5 1/4"
You'll whistle a happy tune with the 4 1/2" Ann Clark Musical Note Cookie Cutter. Strike a chord with a musician or music enthusiast by giving this shape as a gift or presenting cutout cookies, or other desserts. Made in the USA.Size: 4 1/2"
Proponents of facial hair will be thrilled to see mustache-shaped cookies at a party! Enter the 5" Ann Clark Mustache Cookie Cutter, which is bound to make your guests smile, and invite all sorts of goofiness. Great for Movember, baby showers, retirement parties, Halloween and Christmas. Made in the USA.Size: 5"
Dig your snout into the 4 3/4" Ann Clark Piggy Cookie Cutter. Whether you have roast beef or none, you'll "oink" for this cookie cutter! Great for a pig roast or also wonderful for making Puerquitos. Made in the USA.Size: 4 3/4"
Feel tropical with the 4 1/2" Ann Clark Pineapple Cookie Cutter. Bring a platter of pineapple cookies to your next luau or beach party. Made in the USA.Size: 4 1/2"
Wake up at the crack of dawn and get baking with the 5 1/2" Ann Clark Rooster Cookie Cutter. Urban and rural dwellers alike will appreciate this whimsical cookie cutter shape. Enjoy decorating rooster cookies, use for crafts or as a decoration. Made in the USA.Size: 5 1/2"
Get your Irish on with the 4 3/8" Ann Clark Shamrock Cookie Cutter. Your friends will be green with envy! This is the perfect shape to celebrate St. Patrick's Day, whether you're using it for cookie dough or as a decoration. Made in the USA.Size: 4 3/8"
Sink your "jaws" into the 6" Ann Clark Shark Cookie Cutter. If you look forward to Shark Week every year, this one's for you! Made in the USA.Size: 6"
Enough about the acorns- pack your cheeks with Squirrel-shaped cookies! The 4 3/4" Ann Clark Squirrel Cookie Cutter is a cute shape to use for school parties and for craft projects. Made in the USA.Size: 4 3/4"
This 4" Ann Clark Tractor Cookie Cutter is an ode to America's farmland! This is the perfect shape for all ages- roll up your sleeves & get baking (or crafting, too!). Make tractor cookies, tractor appetizers and tractor treats for your friends and family. Made in the USA.Size: 4"
All aboard the 4 5/8" Ann Clark Train Cookie Cutter! This shape is well-suited for a baby shower or birthday party. Pair it with the caboose for a complete train theme. Made in the USA.Size: 4 5/8"
Bring on Springtime with the 5 1/2" Ann Clark Tulip Cookie Cutter. You're sure to make a loved one smile with a platter of these flower cookies! Works well for bridal showers, weddings, or for a gardening enthusiast. Made in the USA.Size: 5.5"
You'll gobble up the 4"Ann Clark Turkey Cookie Cutter. Make Thanksgiving place settings with turkey cookies, or serve a platter for dessert throughout the Fall. Made in the USA.Size: 4"
You'll be enchanted by the whimsy of this 4" x 3 3/4" cookie cutter. Unicorns may be mythical creatures, but with this shape, they'll be brought to life for your next party! Ideal for birthday parties, baby showers, and as a stocking stuffer.Size: 4"

industry_corpus2: Hospitality & Catering


text: Indulge yourself and enjoy a night out at one of Reykjavík’s top class restaurants. Many of the fine dining restaurants employ award-winning chefs who have won praises for their cooking skills and innovative ideas. You will get top quality service, unique dishes made with the freshest produce, a cosy ambience and a fine selection of excellent wines.


text: Temperatures are falling in Europe, and warm thoughts are doing little to help – let alone the European Commission’s proposed legislation. After a long gestation period, the “winter package,” also known as the “jumbo package” and the “tsunami of legislation” has now been unleashed in the framework of the Energy Union. The package of proposed legislation with the promising title Clean Energy for All Europeans stretches to more than one thousand pages. But does the package deliver on its promises?