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Pliny the Elder, The Natural History, BOOK III. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS, HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR FORMERLY EXISTED., CHAP. 14. (8.)—SICILY.
INTRODUCTION. CHAP. 1. (1.)—THE BOUNDARIES AND GULFS OF EUROPE FIRST SET FORTH IN A GENERAL WAY. CHAP. 2.—OF SPAIN GENERALLY. CHAP. 3.—OF BÆTICA. CHAP. 4. (3.)—OF NEARER SPAIN. CHAP. 5. (4.)—OF THE PROVINCE OF GALLIA NARBONENSIS. CHAP. 6. (5.)—OF ITALY. CHAP. 7.—OF THE NINTH REGION OF ITALY. CHAP. 8.—THE SEVENTH REGION OF ITALY. CHAP. 9.—THE FIRST REGION OF ITALY ; THE TIBER; ROME. CHAP. 10.—THE THIRD REGION OF ITALY. CHAP. 11.—SIXTY-FOUR ISLANDS, AMONG WHICH ARE THE BALEARES. CHAP. 12. (6.)—CORSICA. CHAP. 13.—SARDINIA. CHAP. 14. (8.)—SICILY. CHAP. 15. (10.)—MAGNA GRÆCIA, BEGINNING AT LOCRI. CHAP. 16.—THE SECOND REGION OF ITALY. CHAP. 17. (12.)—THE FOURTH REGION OF ITALY. CHAP. 18. (13.)—THE FIFTH REGION OF ITALY. CHAP. 19. (14.)—THE SIXTH REGION OF ITALY. CHAP. 20. (15.)—THE EIGHTH REGION OF ITALY; THE PADUS. CHAP. 21. (17.)—THE ELEVENTH REGION OF ITALY; ITALIA TRANSPAIDANA. CHAP. 22. (18.)—THE TENTH REGION OF ITALY. CHAP. 23. (19.)—ISTRIA, ITS PEOPLE AND LOCALITY. CHAP. 24. (20.)—THE ALPS, AND THE ALPINE NATIONS. CHAP. 25. (21.)—LIBURNIA AND ILLYRICUM. CHAP. 26. (22.)—DALMATIA. CHAP. 27. (24.)—THE NORICI. CHAP. 28. (25.)—PANNONIA. CHAP. 29. (26.)—MŒSIA. CHAP. 30.—ISLANDS OF THE IONIAN SEA AND THE ADRIATIC.
But more celebrated than all is Sicily, called Sicania by Thucydides, and by many writers Trinacria or Trinacia, from its triangular appearance. According to Agrippa it is 6181 miles in circumference. In former times it was a continuation of the territory of Bruttium, but, in consequence of the overflowing of the sea, became severed from it; thus forming a strait of 15 miles in length, and a mile and a half in width in the vicinity of the Pillar of Rhegium. It was from this circumstance of the land being severed asunder that the Greeks gave the name of Rhegium2 to the town situate on the Italian shore.
In these Straits is the rock of Scylla, as also Charybdis3, a whirlpool of the sea, both of them noted for their perils. Of this triangle, the promontory, which, as we have already4 mentioned, is called Pelorus, faces Scylla and juts out towards Italy, while Pachynum5 extends in the direction of Greece, Peloponnesus being at a distance from it of 440 miles, and Lilybæum6, towards Africa, being distant 180 miles from the promontory of Mercury7, and from that of Caralis in Sardinia 190. These promontories and sides are situate at the following distances from each other: by land it is 186 miles from Pelorus to Pachynum, from Pachynum to Lilybæum 200, and from Lilybæum to Pelorus 1708.
In this island there are five colonies and sixty-three cities or states. Leaving Pelorus and facing the Ionian Sea, we have the town of Messana9, whose inhabitants are also called Mamertini and enjoy the rights of Roman citizens; the promontory of Drepanum10, the colony of Tauromenium11, formerly called Naxos, the river Asines12, and Mount Ætna, wondrous for the flames which it emits by night. Its crater is twenty stadia in circumference, and from it red-hot cinders are thrown as far as Tauromenium and Catina, the noise being heard even at Maroneum13 and the Gemellian Hills. We then come to the three rocks of the Cyclopes14, the Port of Ulysses15, the colony of Catina16, and the rivers Symæthus17 and Terias; while more inland lie the Læstrygonian Plains.
To these rivers succeed the towns of Leontinum18 and Megaris, the river Pantagies19, the colony of Syracuse20, with the fountain of Arethusa21, (the people in the Syracusan ter- ritory drink too of the fountains of Temenitis22, Archidemia, Magæa, Cyane, and Milichie,) the port of Naustathmus23, the river Elorus, and the promontory of Pachynum. This side24 of Sicily begins with the river Hirminius25, then follow the town of Camarina26, the river Gelas27, and the town of Agragas28, which our people have named Agrigentum. We next come to the colony of Thermæ29, the rivers Achates30, Mazara, and Hypsa; the town of Selinus31, and then the Promontory of Lilybæum, which is succeeded by Drepana32, Mount Eryx33, the towns of Panhormus34, Solus35 and Himera36, with a river of the same name, Cephalœdis37, Aluntium38, Agathyrnum, the colony of Tyndaris39, the town of Mylæ40, and then Pelorus, the spot at which we began.
In the interior there are the following towns enjoying Latin privileges, those of the Centuripini41, the Netini42, and the Segestani43; tributary towns are those of the Assorini44, the Ætnenses45, the Agyrini46, the Acestæi, the Acrenses47, the Bidini48, the Cetarini49, the Cacyrini50, the Drepanitani, the Ergetini51, the Echetlienses52, the Erycini53, the Entellini54, the Enini55, the Enguini56, the Gelani57, the Gala- tini58, the Halesini59, the Hennenses, the Hyblenses60, the Herbitenses61, the Herbessenses62, the Herbulenses, the Halicyenses63, the Hadranitani64, the Imacarenses, the Ipanenses, the Ietenses65, the Mytistratini66, the Magellini, the Murgentini67, the Mutycenses68, the Menanini69, the Naxii70, the Noæi71, the Petrini72, the Paropini73, the Phthinthienses74, the Semellitani, the Scherini, the Selinuntii75, the Symæthii, the Talarienses, the Tissinenses76, the Triocalini77, the Tyraci- nenses, and the Zanclæi78, a Messenian colony on the Straits of Sicily. Towards Africa, its islands are Gaulos79, Melita, 87 miles from Camerina, and 113 from Lilybæum, Cosyra80, Hieronnesos81, Cæne82, Galata83, Lopadusa, Æthusa, written by some Ægusa, Bucinna84, Osteodes85, distant from Soluntum 75 miles, and, opposite to Paropus, Ustica.
On this side of Sicily, facing the river Metaurus, at a di- stance of nearly 2586 miles from Italy, are the seven87 islands called the Æolian, as also the Liparæan islands; by the Greeks they are called the Hephæstiades, and by our writers the Vulcanian88 Isles; they are called "Æolian" because in the Trojan times Æolus was king there.
(9.) Lipara89, with a town whose inhabitants enjoy the rights of Roman citizens, is so called from Liparus, a former king who succeeded90 Æolus, it having been previously called Melogonis or Meligunis. It is 25 miles91 distant from Italy, and in circumference a little less. Between this island and Sicily we find another, the name of which was formerly Therasia, but now called Hiera, because it is sacred to Vulcan92: it contains a hill which at night vomits forth flames. The third island is Strongyle93, lying one mile94 to the east of Lipara, over which Æolus reigned as well; it differs only from Lipara in the superior brilliancy of its flames. From the smoke of this volcano it is said that some of the inhabitants are able to predict three days beforehand what winds are about to blow; hence arose the notion that the winds are governed by Æolus. The fourth of these islands is Didyme95, smaller than Lipara, the fifth Ericusa, the sixth Phœnicusa, left to be a pasture-ground for the cattle of the neighbouring islands, and the last and smallest Euonymos. Thus much as to the first great Gulf of Europe.
1 Posidonius, quoted by Strabo, says 550.
2 Meaning that it comes from the Greek verb ῥηλνυμι, "to break." This is probably only a fanciful origin of the name.
3 The present Garofalo. At the present day small boats approach it without danger.
4 In Chap. x. Pelorus is the modern Capo di Faro.
5 Now Capo di Passaro.
6 The present Capo di Boco Marsala.
7 Now Cape Bon. The real distance is but seventy-eight miles.
8 The following are more probably the correct distances: 150, 210, and 230 miles.
10 The modern Capo di Santo Alessio.
11 Now called Taormini; the remains of the ancient town are very considerable.
12 Probably the present Alcantara.
13 The present Madonia and Monte di Mele.
14 Now called I Fariglioni.
15 In modern times called "Lognina Statione," according to Hardouin.
16 The modern city of Catania stands on its site.
17 The Fiume di Santo Leonardo, according to Hardouin, but Mannert says the river Lentini. Ansart suggests the Guarna Lunga.
18 Now Lentini. The ruins of Megaris are still to be seen, according to Mannert.
20 The modern city of Siracosa.
21 See B. xxxi. c. 30, for particulars of this fountain.
22 According to Mirabella, these springs are in modern times called Fonte di Canali, Cefalino, Fontana della Maddalena, Fonte Ciane, and Lampismotta.
23 The modern Fonte Bianche. The Elorus, according to Hardouin, is the modern Acellaro, according to Mannert, the Abisso.
25 Now the Maulo, or Fiume di Ragusa.
26 Still called Camarina. Scarcely any vestiges of the ancient city now remain.
27 According to Hardouin the Fiume Salso; but according to D'Anville and Mannert, the Fiume Ghiozzo.
28 Now Girgenti. Gigantic remains of the ancient city are still to be seen.
29 See note 15 in this page.
30 The Achates is the modern Belice, the Mazara retains its name, and the Hypsa is now the Marsala.
31 So called by the Greeks from its abundant growth of parsley, called by them σέλινον. Its remains are still to be seen at the spot called Selenti.
32 Now Trapani. Some vestiges of its ancient mole are to be seen.
33 The present Monte San Juliano.
34 The great city of Palermo stands on its site. It was founded by the Phœnicians.
36 Himera was destroyed by the Carthaginians, B.C. 408, upon which its inhabitants founded Thermæ, so called from its hot springs. This was probably the colony of Thermæ mentioned above by Pliny, though wrongly placed by him on the southern coast between Selinus and Agrigentum. The modern town of Termini stands on the site of Thermæ; remains of its baths and aqueduct are still to be seen. Himera stood on a river of the same name, most probably the present Fiume Grande, and Fazello is of opinion that the town was situate on the site now occupied by the Torre di Bonfornello. Himera was the birthplace of the poet Stesichorus.
37 Or Cæphalœdium. Some remains of it are to be seen at the spot called Cefalu.
38 Probably on the site now occupied by the town of San Marco. Fazello and Cluver however place Aluntium near San Filadelfo, where some ruins were formerly visible, and regard San Marco as the site of Agathyrna or Agathyrnum.
39 Probably situate near the church of Santa Maria at Tindari, now the Capo di Mongioio.
41 Their city was Centuripa, on a hill S.W. of Ætna. The modern Centorbi occupies its site, and some of its ruins may still be seen.
42 Netum probably stood on the spot now known as Noto Anticho.
43 The ruins of Segesta are supposed to be those near the river San Bartolomeo, twelve miles south of Alcamo.
44 Asaro occupies its site.
45 A people dwelling at the foot of Mount Ætna, according to D'Anville, at a place now called Nicolosi.
46 The people of Agyrium; the site of which is now called San Filippo d'Argiro. Diodorus Siculus was a native of this place.
47 Acræ occupied a bleak hill in the vicinity of the modern Pallazolo, where its ruins are still to be seen.
48 Their town was Bidis near Syracuse. The modern Bibino or San Giovanni di Bidini is supposed to stand on its site.
49 The people of Cetaria, between Panormus and Drepanum. Its site is unknown.
50 The people of Cacyrum, supposed to have stood on the site of the modern Cassaro. The Drepanitani were so called from living on the promontory of Drepanum.
51 The ruins near La Cittadella are probably those of Ergetium.
52 The people of Echetla. According to Faziello and Cluver its ruins were those to be seen at the place called Occhiala or Occhula, two miles from the town of Gran Michele.
53 The inhabitants of the city of Eryx, on the mountain of that name, now San Giuliano. The ancient city stood probably half-way down the mountain.
54 The town of Entella survived till the thirteenth century, when it was destroyed by the Emperor Frederic II. The ruins were formerly to be seen near Poggio la Reale.
55 Perhaps the people of Enna, once a famous city. According to the story as related by Ovid and Claudian, it was from this spot that Proserpine was carried off by Pluto. It stood on the same site as the town of Castro Giovanni. This note may however be more applicable to the Hennenses, mentioned below.
56 The ruins of Enguinum are probably those in the vicinity of the modern town of Gangi.
57 The people of Gela, one of the most important cities of Sicily. Its site was probably the modern Terranova, near the river Fiume di Terranova.
58 The people probably of Galata or Galaria; on the site of which the modern village of Galata is supposed to stand.
59 The people probably, of Halesa; its ruins are supposed to be those near the village of Tysa, near the river Pettineo.
60 The people of Hybla. There were three cities of this name in Sicily, the Greater, the Less, and Hybla Megara. The name was probably derived from the local divinity mentioned by Pausanias as being so called.
61 The people of Herbita; the site of which was probably at Nicosia, or else at Sperlinga, two miles south of it.
62 There were two places in Sicily known as Herbessus or Erbessusone near Agrigentum, the other about sixteen miles from Syracuse, on the site, it is supposed, of the present Pantalica.
63 The people of Halicyæ, in the west of Sicily. The modern town of Salemi is supposed to occupy its site.
64 The people of Adranum or Hadranum, a town famous for its temple of the Sicilian deity Adranus. Its site is occupied by the modern town of Aderno. The ruins are very considerable.
65 The people of Ietæ; the site of which town is said by Fazello to be the modern Iato. The sites of the places previously mentioned cannot be identified.
66 The site of their town is situate at the modern Mistretta, where some ruins are still to be seen.
67 The site of their town was probably the present village of Mandri Bianchi on the river Dittaino.
68 Probably the people of Motuca, mentioned by Ptolemy, now Modica.
69 Their town probably stood on the site of the present Mineo.
70 It has been suggested that these are the same as the people of Tauromenium, said to have been a Naxian colony.
71 They are supposed to have dwelt on the site of the present Noara.
72 The ruins of the town of Petra are supposed to have been those to be seen near Castro Novo, according to Mannert.
73 Fazello is of opinion that the present Colisano occupies the site of the ancient Paropus.
74 The city of Phthinthias was peopled by the inhabitants of Gela, by command of Phthinthias the despot of Agrigentum. Its ruins are probably those seen in the vicinity of the modern Alicata.
75 The people of Selinus previously mentioned in p. 218.
76 Randazzo, at the foot of Ætna, is supposed to occupy the site of the ancient Tissa.
77 The people of Triocala, now Troccoli, near Calata Bellota.
78 Zancle was the ancient Greek name of Messina, which was so called from its similarity in shape to a sickle. The Messenian colony of the Zanclæi probably dwelt in its vicinity.
79 Gaulos is the present Gozo, and Melita the important island of Malta. The distance here mentioned is in reality only sixty-one miles from Camerina.
81 The modern island of Maretimo.
82 Probably the present island of Limosa.
83 Galata still has the name of Calata, Lopadusa is the present Lam- pedosa, and Æthusa, according to Mannert, is called Favignana.
85 According to Mannert, this is the island Alicur, to the west of the Æolian or Liparian islands. Ustica still retains its ancient name.
86 The least distance between these localities is forty-five miles.
87 There are now eleven, some of which are supposed to have risen from the sea since the time of Pliny.
88 From Vulcan the god of fire, the Greek Hephaestus.
89 Now called the Great Lipara.
90 According to Solinus, c. vi., Æolus succeeded him. Its name Me- logonis was by some ascribed to its great produce of honey.
91 The shortest distance between these localities is forty-six miles.
93 Now Strongoli and Stromboli. It is the only one of these mountains that is continually burning. Notwithstanding the dangers of their locality, this island is inhabited by about fifty families.
94 Strabo makes the same mistake; the distance is twenty miles.
95 According to Hardouin and D'Anville this is the modern Saline, but Mannert says Panaria. The geographers differ in assigning their ancient names to the other three, except that Euonymos, from its name, the "lefthand" island, is clearly the modern Lisca Bianca.
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites , REGINA (Reina) Badajoz, Spain.
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites , SESTINUM (Sestino) Umbria, Italy.
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites , TIFERNUM METAURENSE (S. Angelo in Vado） Umbria, Italy.


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If the bride and groom can imagine it, chances are the staff at The Heathman Lodge can make it a reality. Among the most beautiful, rustic wedding venues in Washington State. We transform our grand ballroom into a magical setting for your wedding reception.Wedding services are also frequently held in one of our smaller ballroom areas.
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industry_corpus2: Hospitality & Catering


text:
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industry_corpus2: Transportation


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Gregory is a great backpack brand, they design very practical bags. I can travel very light and this is just the perfect shape, perfect space, perfect look. Much better than having one of those tiny roller luggage cases that you can't fit a thing. This Gregory bag is more practical to carry and will fit all essential stuff for short 1 week trips or way much more if you know how to travel light and practical.
I recieved this backpack as a gift about 2 years ago then lost it during a move. Loved this bag so much purchased the exact one here on Amazon. Should anything happen to this bag I will buy again. I plan on always having a Gregory backpack as long as they are in production.
5つ星のうち3.0the weight of the backpack is not 1.1 lbs.
amazon is misleading the weight of the backpack is not 1.1 lbs it is much more. for bike rider it is very important .
5つ星のうち5.0Ergonomic, Form Fitting. Feels Natural on the Back.
This 30 Liter unisex pack is a good size for being overhead compartment friendly. The 40L should also fit if you need that extra room.
The semirigid carry design makes it ideal for many situations. The pack is sleek and minimalist. The straps are tidy and stay close to the pack.
The backpanel and shoulder straps are padded and ventilated with a design that is very comfortable. The curvature of the straps are perfect and the way they can be clipped in and stored close to the backpanel is one of my favorite features.
The external accessible laptop or tablet sleeve offers good protection and can hold up to a 15.5" x 11.5" device. The zipper opens sideways and across the bottom edge so that you have plenty of room to get in and out of this section. It keeps the laptop close to your back with your other items being positioned on the outward side.
There is a separate expandable main compartment that is great for keeping a change of clothing or other large items. The expansion zippers give it a least another couple of inches of depth for when you need it. It is roughly 5" expanding to 7" in depth by 16" tall in size. 4 External strap cinches allow to keep the compartment compressed in size.
The 3rd and last compartment is on the top of the pack and is about 11" wide by 6" tall and 5" in depth. It also has a zippered mesh pocket inside it. It is great for keeping pens, pencils, cables and chargers.
The backpack has two excellent handles for carrying while not worn as a backpack. They are located at the top and bottom sides of the pack.
If you fill the large main compartment with fluffy clothing and such it will stick below the laptop sleeve area and provide extra cushioning and protection for the laptop. If you don't have anything in the main compartment there is still a good amount of protection.
This is a well made backpack. I really like the sleek design. It keeps everything organized. It is also very ergonomic with just the right amount of softness combined with rigidness. I think they hit the balance really well with this one. It just feels right and when being worn feels natural and unobtrusive on the back. There aren't many straps or accessories on the outside of the pack that can get tangled or in the way. There are no extra unnecessary items on this pack, yet it has just enough in features that make it versatile.
I really do like this pack and am going to give it a full 5 star rating. There are a lot of nice backpacks out on the market today. Gregory Mountain makes some of the best ones. They have an excellent repair or replace warranty too. You really can't go wrong with one of their packs. They listen to their customers and that is another reason for the highest rating on this one.
The twist is that it opens at the sides, and the laptop and main compartments open on different sides. The main compartment has a U-opening on three sides like luggage (top, right side, bottom), so you can load from the top like a normal backpack or lay it down flat to load and unload. The laptop compartment only opens on the one side the main compartment doesn't open on (left). This makes it easier to lock or tie the zippers together so they can't be opened, I suppose. The zippers aren't hidden, but they are toward the back of the pack.
Otherwise it's a fairly basic backpack. It's very light at 1.1 pounds but seems sturdy. 21.5" x 13.25" x 7.5" is the full size, with four compression straps to tighten it down for smaller loads.
The exterior fabric is backed with a water-resistant coating. Nylon exterior, polyester inside.
The laptop compartment is big enough for my old 17" MacBook Pro, so plenty big for 15-inchers. It has the light padding of the back of the pack on one side. On the other, the side shared with the main compartment, the bottom 3" and top 2" aren't padded (that is, the sides where the bottom and the top of the laptop go). There's a thin stiff pad covering the rest. There's a similar amount of padding on the front of the pack, none on the sides, top or bottom.
Shoulder straps are thinly padded.
Sturdy, slightly padded grab handles on top and bottom.
Care instructions: hand wash, cold water, mild soap, no bleach, thorough rinse, hang dry, no dry clean, no iron.
Lifetime warranty against defects in materials and workmanship (so normal wear and tear, accidents and improper use aren't covered).

industry_corpus2: Manufacturing


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industry_corpus2: Finance & Economics


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Disabilities perpetuate a poverty trap and push the poor further from access to education, employment and healthcare. Most policies, programs and entrepreneurial initiatives in India have focused on providing employment. Little attention has been paid to helping the disabled - in particular, the poor - become more mobile themselves.
Theodore Khattouf, president and CEO of AMIDEAST, said the Middle East and North Africa region will need to create 90 million new jobs over the next decade to absorb the number of people seeking work. The keynote speaker at the Global Summit on Educating Entrepreneurs hosted by the William Davidson Institute framed the potential and the challenges.
Aid agencies have the capacity to nurture this growing field into a powerful set of new partners in their efforts to rid the world of poverty. But if not handled with care, the growing interest in social enterprise may overwhelm a fragile, nascent network still finding its voice. Five ways aid agencies can constructively engage social enterprise.
The ?Made in ___? tag on goods is ubiquitous, but it?s hardly a featured brand asset. Rarely do we take the country of origin into account when making purchasing decisions. BrandHaiti would like to change that. Similarly, Oliberte is aiming to make ’Made in Africa’ a simple signal for shoe shoppers.
At the end of September, and for the second year in a row, I found myself in the hype and occasional motorcade-induced street closure that is the Clinton Global Initiative. After five years, is CGI living up to its story of creating action, not conversation, and sparking new collaborations between industry and the NGO sector?

industry_corpus2: Subject Education


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Featuring Music from Harley Poe, Honoring 85-years of Frankenstein Continues Tonight!!!

industry_corpus2: Film & Entertainment


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CDM automates the collection of any and all data in a single, dynamic reporting and analysis solution. Multiple participants in different departments can collaborate in the assembly of complex reports, working independently while ensuring proper controls and approvals are in place. CDM provides integrated tagging to use on various regulatory filings and can create extension taxonomies with pivot based navigation for easy review.
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industry_corpus2: Computing & Telecommunications


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text:
10. BAe ATP (F) Atlantic Airlines G-BTPF 3 o/f DHL until 20.12. (various regs) LEJ/BUD v.v.
11. ATR-42-500 ČSA OK-KFN open new scheduled flights PRG/KSC v.v.

industry_corpus2: Aerospace


text:
Mr. Clark M. Robertson, of Milwaukee, Wis., for petitioner.
The petitioner, J. I. Case Company, at its Rock Island, Illinois, plant, from 1937 offered each employee an individual contract of employment. The contracts were uniform and for a term of one year. The Company agreed to furnish employment as steadily as conditions permitted, to pay a specified rate, which the Company might redetermine if the job changed, and to maintain certain hospital facilities. The employee agreed to accept the provisions, to serve faithfully and honestly for the term, to comply with factory rules, and that defective work should not be paid for. About 75% of the employees accepted and worked under these agreements.
According to the Board's stipulation and finding, the execution of the contracts was not a condition of employment, nor was the status of individual employees affected by reason of signing or failing to sign the contracts. It is not found or contended that the agreements were coerced, obtained by any unfair labor practice, or that they were not valid under the circumstances in which they were made.
While the individual contracts executed August 1, 1941 were in effect, a C.I.O. union petitioned the Board for certification as the exclusive bargaining representative of the production and maintenance employees. On December 17, 1941 a hearing was held, at which the Company urged the individual contracts as a bar to representation proceedings. The Board, however, directed an election, which was won by the union. The union was thereupon certified as the exclusive bargaining representative of the employees in question in respect to wages, hours, and other conditions of employment.
The union then asked the Company to bargain. It refused, declaring that it could not deal with the union in any manner affecting rights and obligations under the individual contracts while they remained in effect. It offered to negotiate on matters which did not affect rights under the individual contracts, and said that upon the expiration of the contracts it would bargain as to all matters. Twice the Company sent circulars to its employees asserting the validity of the individual contracts and stating the position that it took before the Board in reference to them.
The Board held that the Company had refused to bargain collectively, in violation of § 8(5) of the National Labor Relations Act, 29 U.S.C.A. § 158(5); and that the contracts had been utilized, by means of the circulars, to impede employees in the exercise of rights guaranteed by § 7 of the Act, 29 U.S.C.A. § 157, with the result that the Company had engaged in unfair labor practices within the meaning of § 8(1) of the Act. It ordered the Company to cease and desist from giving effect to the contracts, from extending them or entering into new ones, from refusing to bargain and from interfering with the employees; and it required the Company to give notice accordingly and to bargain upon request.
The Circuit Court of Appeals, with modification not in issue here, granted an order of enforcement. The issues are unsettled ones important in the administration of the Act, and we granted certiorari. In doing so we asked counsel, in view of the expiration of the individual contracts and the negotiation of a collective contract, to discuss whether the case was moot. In view of the continuing character of the obligation imposed by the order we think it is not, and will examine the merits.
After the collective trade agreement is made, the individuals who shall benefit by it are identified by individual hirings. The employer, except as restricted by the collective agreement itself and except that he must engage in no unfair labor practice or discrimination, is free to select those he will employ or discharge. But the terms of the employment already have been traded out. There is little left to individual agreement except the act of hiring. This hiring may be by writing or by word of mouth or may be implied from conduct. In the sense of contracts of hiring, individual contracts between the employer and employee are not forbidden, but indeed are necessitated by the collective bargaining procedure.
But, however engaged, an employee becomes entitled by virtue of the Labor Relations Act somewhat as a third party beneficiary to all benefits of the collective trade agreement, even if on his own he would yield to less favorable terms. The individual hiring contract is subsidiary to the terms of the trade agreement and may not waive any of its benefits, any more than a shipper can contract away the benefit of filed tariffs, the insurer the benefit of standard provisions, or the utility customer the benefit of legally established rates.
Concurrent existence of these two types of agreement raises problems as to which the National Labor Relations Act makes no express provision. We have, however, held that individual contracts obtained as the result of an unfair labor practice may not be the basis of advantage to the violator of the Act nor of disadvantage to employees. National Licorice Co. v. National Labor Relations Board, 309 U.S. 350, 60 S.Ct. 569, 84 L.Ed. 799. But it is urged that where, as here, the contracts were not unfairly or unlawfully obtained, the court indicated a contrary rule in National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., 301 U.S. 1, 44, 45, 57 S.Ct. 615, 627, 628, 81 L.Ed. 893, 108 A.L.R. 1352, and Virginian R. Co. v. System Federation, 300 U.S. 515, 57 S.Ct. 592, 81 L.Ed. 789. Without reviewing those cases in detail, it may be said that their decision called for nothing and their opinions contain nothing which may be properly read to rule the case before us. The court in those cases recognized the existence of some scope for individual contracts, but it did not undertake to define it or to consider the relations between lawful individual and collective agreements, which is the problem now before us.
Individual contracts no matter what the circumstances that justify their execution or what their terms, may not be availed of to defeat or delay the procedures prescribed by the National Labor Relations Act looking to collective bargaining, nor to exclude the contracting employee from a duly ascertained bargaining unit; nor may they be used to forestall bargaining or to limit or condition the terms of the collective agreement. 'The Board asserts a public right vested in it as a public body, charged in the public interest with the duty of preventing unfair labor practices.' National Licorice Co. v. National Labor Relations Board, 309 U.S. 350, 364, 60 S.Ct. 569, 577, 84 L.Ed. 799. Wherever private contracts conflict with its functions, they obviously must yield or the Act would be reduced to a futility.
It is equally clear since the collective trade agreement is to serve the purpose contemplated by the Act, the individual contract cannot be effective as a waiver of any benefit to which the employee otherwise would be entitled under the trade agreement. The very purpose of providing by statute for the collective agreement is to supersede the terms of separate agreements of employees with terms which reflect the strength and bargaining power and serve the welfare of the group. Its benefits and advantages are open to every employee of the represented unit, whatever the type or terms of his pre-existing contract of employment.
But it is urged that some employees may lose by the collective agreement, that an individual workman may sometimes have, or be capable of getting, better terms than those obtainable by the group and that his freedom of contract must be respected on that account. We are not called upon to say that under no circumstances can an individual enforce an agreement more advantageous than a collective agreement, but we find the mere possibility that such agreements might be made no ground for holding generally that individual contracts may survive or surmount collective ones. The practice and philosophy of collective bargaining looks with suspicion on such individual advantages. Of course, where there is great variation in circumstances of employment or capacity of employees, it is possible for the collective bargain to prescribe only minimum rates or maximum hours or expressly to leave certain areas open to individual bargaining. But except as so provided, advantages to individuals may prove as disruptive of industrial peace as disadvantages. They are a fruitful way of interfering with organization and choice of representatives; increased compensation, if individually deserved, is often earned at the cost of breaking down some other standard thought to be for the welfare of the group, and always creates the suspicion of being paid at the long-range expense of the group as a whole. Such discriminations not infrequently amount to unfair labor practices. The workman is free, if he values his own bargaining position more than that of the group, to vote against representation; but the majority rules, and if it collectivizes the employment bargain, individual advantages or favors will generally in practice go in as a contribution to the collective result. We cannot except individual contracts generally from the operation of collective ones because some may be more individually advantageous. Individual contracts cannot subtract from collective ones, and whether under some circumstances they may add to them in matters covered by the collective bargain, we leave to be determined by appropriate forums under the laws of contracts applicable, and to the Labor Board if they constitute unfair labor practices.
It also is urged that such individual contracts may embody matters that are not necessarily included within the statutory scope of collective bargaining, such as stock purchase, group insurance, hospitalization, or medical attention. We know of nothing to prevent the employee's, because he is an employee, making any contract provided it is not inconsistent with a collective agreement or does not amount to or result from or is not part of an unfair labor practice. But in so doing the employer may not incidentally exact or obtain any diminution of his own obligation or any increase of those of employees in the matters covered by collective agreement.
Hence we find that the contentions of the Company that the individual contracts precluded a choice of representatives and warrnated refusal to bargain during their duration were properly over-ruled. It follows that representation to the employees by circular letter that they had such legal effect was improper and could properly be prohibited by the Board.
These provisions, it has been argued, go beyond the Board's power, leave employees free to bring but the Company powerless to defend actions on the contract, and prohibit making future contracts even when not obnoxious to the law or to any collective agreement.
(a) Giving effect to the individual contracts of employment or any modification, continuation, extension, or renewal thereof to forestall collective bargaining or deter self-organization, or entering into any similar form of contract with its employees for any period subsequent to the date of this Decree for such purpose or with such effect.
Mr. Justice ROBERTS is of opinion that the judgment should be reversed.
See Hamburger, 'The Extension of Collective Agreements to Cover Entire Trade and Industries' (1939) 40 International Labor Review 153; Methods of Collaboration between Public Authorities, Workers' Organizations, and Employers' Organizations (International Labour Conference, 1940) p. 112.
Cf. National Labor Relations Board v. Sands Mfg. Co., 306 U.S. 332, 59 S.Ct. 508, 83 L.Ed. 682; National Labor Relations Board v. Columbian Enameling & Stamping Co., 306 U.S. 292, 297, 298, 59 S.Ct. 501, 504, 83 L.Ed. 660; National Labor Relations Board v. Brashear Freight Lines, Inc., 8 Cir., 119 F.2d 379; Hoeniger, 'The Individual Employment Contract and Individual Bargain,' 10 Fordham L.Rev. 14, 22-25.

industry_corpus2: Law & Justice


text:
I love creative destruction. But, truth be told, it is more fun to ignore the destructive part and focus on the creative part.
Ah, but sometimes we should be sober. Like most economists, I believe in the power of uncoordinated competitive interplay among firms. Except when it goes real sour. Which it does occasionally.
And that gives me some pause.
Worth a read if you are in the right mood.
Proponents of a broadband build out should be aware that some subtle economics are missing from their case. The following question needs an answer: What benefit does the spread of broadband to new areas bring to all the other areas in the country that already have broadband?
That type of question does not normally come up in analysis today. For example, I was just reading a very good USDA report about extending broadband to rural areas. It is very thorough and reviews some very interesting analysis (especially in the latter chapters). Broadly construed, the analysis focuses on the benefits broadband brings to areas that did not have such connectivity.
Do not misinterpret me. There is nothing wrong with that type of focus. However, as I have said elsewhere, it leads to one conclusion. Broadband will help a local economy, but its arrival will not – indeed, cannot – perform economic miracles. It is an exaggeration to say otherwise.
More to the point, standard economic analysis does not provide an overwhelming justification for building broadband anywhere in the country, since the expense is enormous. There is an economic kick to installing broadband where there previously had been none, to be sure, but modest gains do not justify large expenses. Limits are limits.
This should give proponents for an expansive policy some pause. Either non-economic issues need to come to the fore or additional economic arguments needs to be formulated. Today I want to consider the latter.
An expansive policy needs to address this challenging question: What difference does it make to a community outside Denver if a community in Appalachians has broadband or not?
Not much, it would seem. But, actually, I am not so sure.
Rural broadband and economic growth – a flu shot with vitamins.
Building rural broadband will bring a modest amount of economic growth. That is what economic research suggests.
Building rural broadband is like getting a flu shot. It might help prevent some problems. It might sting at first. It might make some recipients stronger in the long run, but it is just as likely that it will not make any difference. All in all, it is better to get the shot than not.
Hmm, that first metaphor needs modification. Building rural broadband is like a flu shot laced with vitamins.
Why does the metaphor matter? For better or worse, policy in DC gets made by those who find the best sound bites. I am trying to keep up.
Broadband’s contribution to economic growth, who is a contrarian?
Let me begin this post by declaring – without reservation – that I just love what technology and innovation can do to an economy. No, that is not a strong enough declaration. Let me say it this way: I am a card carrying member of the club that believes a substantial amount of economic growth in developed countries build on a wide and solid foundation of innovation and technological change.
What can I say? Among economists I am a technological enthusiast.
It turns out, however, that I am out of step with some of the telecom policy community in Washington D.C.. I have not changed, but the yardstick inside D.C. is just different. I was reminded of this recently after a paper of mine was presented in DC. Several other economists and I were subsequently described as contrarians in a post by Paul J. Feldman, who writes a blog about communication policy.


text:
stalemate: Brighouse Town's Luke Parkin tries to get an attack going in Saturday's clash against Mossley.
Brighouse Town manager Paul Quinn admitted his team weren’t ‘at the races’ after they drew with Mossley at St Giles Road.
The hosts took an early lead but were pegged back before the interval, although they remain top of the Evo-Stik First Division North.
Quinn said: “We weren’t quite at the races.
“We started off well, but after scoring early on we seemed to drop the pace and it worked against us.
“The lads are disappointed we haven’t won. We weren’t as fluent this week, perhaps the long trip in midweek took its toll, and although we aren’t pleased with the performance, its still a point”.
Town were one up after six minutes with some fancy footwork and play from Luke Parkin who passed to Leon Osbourne who then found Ruben Jerome to the right of goal who planted the ball in the back of the net.
Town continued to dominate the game and in the 30th minute Jerome headed the ball on target, but it was cleared by Mossley goalkeeper Liam Flynn.
In the 36th minute Mossley levelled the scores when a free kick by Callum Warburton was latched on to and headed into the goal over Tom Taylor by Kyle McGonigle.
Just before half time, in the 43rd minute, Parkin was one-on-one with Flynn and he lobbed the ball just wide and it was in at the break 1-1.
Two minutes into the second half the ball fell to Stephen Mallory 30 yards out, straight in front of the goal, and his blistering shot was punched out by Flynn.
In the 57th minute Town brought on fresh legs with James Pollard and Ryan Watson replacing Adam Field and Tom Haigh. Mossley then took a shot on goal through former Bury player Tom Pratt but Town keeper Taylor tipped the ball over the bar. In the 65th minute Taylor then saved another shot with his legs, again from Mossley’s dangerman Pratt.
Daniel Bunch came off the bench in the 71st minute to replace Mallory.
Pratt came threatening again in the 74th from a Bunch blunder that saw the ball deep in the Town half and Pratt saw his chance, firing the ball on target, but Taylor cleared the danger.
It was straight down the field to the Mossley goal a minute later when Kyle Harrison blocked Parkin’s attempt that looked to be heading for the back of the net. In the 78th minute Osbourne sent the ball flying over the crossbar from a good position.
With two minutes to go Town tried another attempt on goal but Watson’s shot had too much spin on it and the ball went wide of the goal.
Mossley responded, and after several attempts on the Town goal, sub Damase Kiwanda sent the ball skimming across the face of the goal and out the other side to the relief of Town players and their supporters.
As the game went into added time two yellow cards were given to Watson and Mossley’s Mark Haslam for an altercation on the field.
Greg Pearson took the free-kick awarded to Town but nothing came of it.
Brighouse Town: Taylor, Field (Pollard), Pearson, Illingworth, Hewitt, Atkinson, Mallory (Bunch), Haigh (Watson), Jerome, Osbourne, Parkin. Subs not used: Hall, Low.
Mossley: Flynn, Harrison, Haslam, Jeffs, Benjamin (Bourne), McGonigle, Warburton, Hill, Bove (Gosling), Short (Kiwanda), Pratt. Subs not used: McDonnell, Harper.

industry_corpus2: Sports


text:
Bronx Council for Environmental Quality » Blog Archive » What is WRONG with this Project?
What’s WRONG with this Project?
Hebrew Home for the Aged in Riverdale (HHAR)!!
Complete Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) process examining reasonable alternatives, preservation easements, and impacts such as natural resources, height and transportation, that were not adequately reviewed in the Environmental Assessment Statement (EAS). The fact that this residential community will overlook the Hudson River -a USEPA designated Historic American Heritage River — should require a renewed look at compliance with the Waterfront Revitalization Program (which was part of the EAS).
Stormwater Management Plan (SMP), Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP), and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) pre, during and post construction.
Monitoring Agreement for a Bronx Community Board 8 (CB8) and HHAR to create a Community Advisory Committee (CAC) or City Planning (CPC) Facilities Monitoring Committee (FMC) to meet at least yearly to review compliance with 1 to 3 above. Specifically, begin the CAC to work on the EIS Scope and DEIS Comments. The applicant track record requires this (see DOB record).
Formal Agreement that any and all changes made by the Borough President (BP), CPC and City Council (CC) come to and involve CB8, and be incorporated in a restrictive covenant.
NB These are some of our general best practices for encouraging smart decision making and public participation for large ULURP projects. For more information, see the comments the Bronx Council for Environmental Quality wrote on Conditional Negative Declaration below.
Check back for updates as we get them.

industry_corpus2: Real Estate & Construction


text:
Replace or install carpet to make a room appear brand-new. Even better, you can save money by doing the job yourself.
Love it or hate it, there are at least a few good reasons that homeowners choose carpeting today. For one, it absorbs the sound produced by television sets and stereo systems, overenthusiastic dogs, and raucous children. For another, carpet provides a soft, comfortable surface upon which to walk. And since it’s available in countless colors and patterns, carpeting can complement the decor of virtually any room. It can be somewhat challenging to install carpet, but with patience, preparation, and a some specialized tools, you can do the job yourself for a fraction of what it would cost to hire a professional.
Start by determining the square footage of the room in which you wish to install carpet. (To do this, simply multiply the room’s width by its length.) To be certain that you buy enough material, add 10 to 20 percent to your square footage calculation. Your carpet dealer can let you know whether you are neglecting any details; so that he can offer you the best advice possible, bring a sketch of the room’s layout to the store when you’re ready to choose a carpet.
Sweep and vacuum the floor thoroughly, taking this opportunity to check for damage to the floor that will lie beneath the carpet. Smooth out the surface by removing any globs of glue, errant nails, or built-up paint. Depending on the design of the room, it may be wise or even strictly necessary to remove doors and baseboard molding so that your carpeting fits squarely against all edges. (Replacing old wall-to-wall carpet? You can probably install the new carpet without having to take off the baseboards first.) The floor should be totally dry before you proceed, as residual moisture can lead to mold growth.
If you are planning to install carpet with a pad, then you don’t need to use glue, but you do need to install tack strips around the perimeter (minus the doorways). Later, when the carpet has been laid, these tack strips will hold the carpet in place. For now, position the strips about a half-inch from the wall, with the tacks angling away from the center of the room. When you’re purchasing those tack strips, by the way, there’s a simple rule of thumb to remember: Wider is better.
Aim to put two nails into each tack strip, butting one strip against the other, end to end. Once you have placed tack strips around the entire room, even around obstructions like air vents, move on to install the carpet pad. Cutting the sizes needed as you work, staple down the padding every two feet along the inside edge of the tack strips. Trim back any excess padding with a utility knife, and duct tape the seams between padding panels until you have covered the floor.
Before you put down recently purchased carpeting, give the material at least 24 hours to acclimate to the conditions of your home. During this time, the carpet may shrink or expand slightly, and allowing this to happen prior to installation helps you ensure professional-level results.
Seaming tape is used to join two or more sections of carpet. Apply the tape underneath the carpet seam, adhesive side up. That adhesive melts under a seaming iron (which you can rent from your local home improvement center, along with other specialized tools). As the adhesive cools, press down on the carpet edges you are connecting. Next, seal the seam with a carpet roller. If possible, try to locate seams in low-traffic or otherwise inconspicuous parts of the room you are carpeting.
Beginning in a corner, attach the carpeting to the tack strips using a knee kicker, which prevents lumps and bumps from forming. Then head over to the opposite side of the room, stretching and pulling the carpet along with you. (If the room dimensions warrant one, a power stretcher makes easier work of positioning the carpet). Continue to use the knee kicker as you secure the carpet over the tack strips. Cut away excess with a utility knife (or wall trimmer), and finish by fitting the carpet under the baseboards, if you didn’t remove them earlier. If you did remove the baseboards, reattach them now.
Finally, kick off your shoes and enjoy a luxurious stroll across your newly installed floor covering!


text:
BMW Z4 price in Raipur starts at ₹ 74.36 Lakhs and goes upto ₹ 90.29 Lakhs. Petrol Z4 price in Raipur starts at ₹ 74.36 Lakhs.
BMW car company has 2 new car dealers/showrooms in Raipur.

industry_corpus2: Automobiles


text: In December 2004, the NetBSD Project released the feature-rich NetBSD 2.0. Even after such a masterpiece, developers kept working on improvements, new features, and new ports following the new development roadmap. Federico Biancuzzi recently interviewed them to find out what they are working on and how they plan to promote their project in the near future.


text:
Depression and Anxiety – What Can I Do?
I am 54 years old. I have suffered from depression and anxiety all of my life…since I was about 3 years old. Part of it is because I was sexually abused by my step father for a number of years until I was 17.
But I can remember at 3 years old looking in the mirror and feeling worthless…feeling ugly and unwanted…unloved. I went to a counselor and she regressed me back to when I was either 6 or 9 years old…and I remembered and encounter in a dirt basement with my step father…and I was terrified because it was a dirt basement and I am very afraid of spiders.
I have been married for 36 years (since I was 18 years old). I had 2 children in that time and a hysterectomy at the age of 28. So not being on any meds and going through my change of life at 28 was a very terrible time in my life. I can look back now and see all the mistakes I made raising my children…but I had to do the best I could because my husband was never there for them.
About 10 years ago I started researching on the internet…cuz nobody would tell me what was wrong with me. I discovered I was suffering from depression and I got meds for that. But it didn’t stop there. I have been afraid of people all of my life. If I had to go somewhere, I would get sick to my stomach and almost throw up. I researched more on the internet and discovered I was also suffering my severe anxiety. I didn’t know what that was and no doctor ever told me what was wrong with me. So I went to my doctor and got meds for that too.
I thought I was doing better…and then my husband tried to throw me out. I couldn’t take it. I don’t have a job and have no where to go. He lost his job in August, 2011…went through all of his unemployment…and now we’re sitting here broke…I may even lose my home.
I couldn’t take it anymore…and I have had suicide on my mind for years. So I finally got brave, dumped all of my medications (3) on my bed and took ever one of them, with some sleeping pills. I definitely wanted to die and be done with my miserable life. Unfortunately my son found me and I had about 30 minutes left to live.
I’m trying to embrace life now…I’ve even applied for Social Security disability for mental illness. I just don’t understand why my husband can’t find a job. He was making $22/hr at his job of 15 years. He’s 56 and it’s like no one wants to hire him because he’s too old.
Please, please give me some advice and tell me what to do.
My heart goes out to you. I have learned to Love who I am regardless of my feelings and how I think. Thinking in your case is an anchor tied to fear. Your thinking races in your head with every move in life. Feelings are true vibrations that comes from within. Your feelings will give you clearer direction once you stop thinking. I hear from my peeps not to mix and confuse yourself between the two processes.
By all means at this time in your life, continue to work with your doctor on clearing out the cobbwebs. This will be a long process, but I hear that you will overcome your past and see a better future.
I hear from my peeps to work with affirmations such as – I Feel Great – I Am Healthy – I Love Who I Am – I Can Do Anything – I Am Worthy -etc. There is a little book called – 28 Days to a More Magnetic Life, By Sandra Anne Taylor. If you get the book, it is small enough to keep in your handbag to always have with you. I hear to start and end each day with positive affirmations. Start as early as before getting out of bed and ending before you go to sleep.
I hear to never tell yourself that you are worthless. You should tell yourself – I Am as Worthy as anyone and I Am Worthy in receiving all that the Universe has to offer.
Do some things that you want to do. Let yourself open up to new ideas and trying them. Let your creative thoughts take you places and you will find some joy in life. These are small steps but I hear it is a beginning point. When you are enjoying yourself and your energy is high on life, you will find newness in life that brings and supply’s a new life. This energy will attract more goodness and abundance to you.
Remember to stop over thinking and begin working with your inner feelings. I have to tell you that you have some work ahead of you, but you will be triumphant.
Thanks for your kinds words Frank. I am definitely trying to let go of the fear…and all of the negativity in my life. Trying to just think happy thoughts now. Thank for some great advice!
i can truly identify with the story except being molested as a child..however i do suffer with Anxiety..and i am grateful…i can deal without meds… i use Chamomile Tea and i am able to really relax..we have alot of natural herbs to combat stressful disorders!

industry_corpus2: Health & Medicine


text:
THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 20 ** BERLIN - German Finance Minister Olaf Scholz holds a speech on “100 years of sales tax” in Germany - 0730 GMT. WASHINGTON – Federal Reserve issues Quarterly Financial Accounts of the United States (Z.1) - 1600 GMT. FRANKFURT - Bundesbank President Jens Weidmann speaks in Freiburg, Germany - 1515 GMT. STOCKHOLM - Riksbank Deputy Governor Cecilia Skingsley will hold a breakfast presentation on the economic situation and current monetary policy - 0700 GMT. NEW YORK CITY - ECB chief economist Peter Praet Address on “Challenges to monetary policy normalization” at conference “Sustainable Policy Responses – EU and US Perspectives” organized by SUERF in New York City, USA. - 1720 GMT. OSLO - Norway’s Central Bank holds Announcement of the Executive Board’s interest rate decision and publication of Monetary Policy followed by press conference – 0800 GMT. ZURICH - Swiss National Bank (SNB) Monetary policy assessment – 0730 GMT.
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 21 FRANKFURT - Bank of France Deputy Governor Sylvie Goulard and Bundesbank Board Member Joachim Wuermeling speak at a conference in Frankfurt. BERLIN - Turkish Finance Minister Berat Albayrak and his German counterpart Olaf Scholz to meet in Berlin.
BRATISLAVA, Slovakia - SLOVAKIA-ECB/ - ECB Governing Council member J.Makuch’s news conference - 1100 GMT OSAKA, Japan - Speech by Bank of Japan Governor Haruhiko Kuroda at a meeting with business leaders in Osaka – 0535. OSLO - Norway Central Bank Governor Oystein Olsen gives speech at the Centre for Monetary Economics/BI Norwegian Business School - 0900 GMT. WASHINGTON D.C. - U.S. Federal Reserve’s Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) starts its two-day meeting on interest rates. WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 26 ** BRUSSELS – ECB Board Member Yves Mersch and rate setting Governing Council member Jan Smets speak at conference on digital finance in Brussels - 0700 GMT. ** BERLIN - ECB President Mario Draghi receives German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier, who holds a largely ceremonial role, for a visit at the bank’s Frankfurt headquarters where they are expected to make short statements - 1200 GMT. FRANKFURT – The Federal Republic of Germany President, Frank-Walter Steinmeier, will visit the European Central Bank - 1200 GMT. BODO, Norway - Norway Central Bank Deputy Governor Egil Matsen gives speech at a conference hosted by the Federation of Norwegian Industries. FRANKFURT - ECB Governing Council meeting. No interest rate announcements scheduled. WASHINGTON D.C. - U.S. Federal Reserve’s Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) announces decision on interest rate, followed by statement – 1800 GMT. WASHINGTON D.C. - U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell holds a news conference regarding the interest rate – 1830 GMT. THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 27 FRANKFURT - ECB Chief Economist Peter Praet speaks in London at a Money, Macro and Finance Research Group conference - 1600 GMT. LONDON - Bank of England Chief Economist Andy Haldane: Panelist at Institute for Government “In Conversation” with Bronwen Maddox – 1145 GMT. FRANKFURT - Bank of England Governor Mark Carney: Chairing policy panel discussion on “Sustainable Finance” at the Third European Systemic Risk Board Annual Conference – 1400 GMT. TOKYO - BOJ Governor Haruhiko Kuroda delivers a brief speech that is likely to touch on monetary policy, the economy, and consumer prices - 0630 GMT. CHARLOTTE, N.C. - Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas President Robert Kaplan discusses “What You Really Need to Lead: the Power of Thinking and Acting Like an Owner” at the “Banking and the Economy: a Forum for Minorities in Banking” conference - 1800 GMT.
FRANKFURT - General Council meeting of the ECB in Frankfurt. TOKYO - Bank of Japan to release summary of opinions from board members at its Sep. 18-19 policy meeting – 2350 GMT. FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 28 LONDON – Bank of England Deputy Governor, Markets and Banking Dave Ramsden gives speech at Society of Professional Economists Annual Conference, London – 1320 GMT.
FRANKFURT - ECB Chief Economist Peter Praet speaks at a conference about financial stability - 1230 GMT. CHARLOTTE, N.C. - Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond President Thomas Barkin speaks before the “Banking and the Economy: a Forum for Minorities in Banking” - 1230 GMT.
LONDON - Irish Central Bank Governor Philip Lane, who sits on the ECB’s top policy board, and Dave Ramsden, a deputy governor at the Bank of England, talk about the economic outlook and monetary policy at the annual conference of the Society of Professional Economists – 1130 GMT. MONDAY, OCTOBER 1 SAN FRANCISCO - Mary Daly begins tenure as President of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. ATLANTA - Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta President Raphael Bostic participates in panel on “Economic Development” before the Inclusive Economic Development Council Conference - 1302 GMT. BALTIMORE - Federal Reserve Banks of Philadelphia and Richmond co-sponsor “Reinventing Our Communities: Investing in Opportunity” conference (to Oct. 3). STOCKHOLM - Riksbank executive board meeting - 0700 GMT. BOSTON - Federal Reserve Bank of Boston President Eric Rosengren speaks on “U.S. Outlook/Monetary Policy” before the National Association for Business Economics 60th Annual Meeting - 1615 GMT. TUESDAY, OCTOBER 2 ** PARIS - ECB Policymaker Francois Villeroy de Galhau to speak at a conference in Paris about “Ten years after: Is financial stability today better assured?”. - 1430 GMT. WASHINGTON D.C. - Federal Reserve Vice Chair for Supervision Randal Quarles testifies on “Implementation of the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act” before the Senate Banking Committee, in Washington - 1400 GMT. BOSTON - Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell speaks on “A View from the FRB” before the National Association for Business Economics’ 60th Annual Meeting - 1600 GMT. WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 3 ** CHARLESTON, United States - Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond President Thomas Barkin speaks on “The Outlook for Tomorrow: Five Numbers to Watch” before the West Virginia Economic Outlook Conference, in Charleston, W.Va. - 1205 GMT. ** HUNTINGTON, W.VA., United States - Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond President Thomas Barkin speaks before Marshall University students, in Huntington, W.Va. - 1800 GMT. LONDON - Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago President Charles Evans gives Official Monetary and Financial Institutions Forum (OMFIF) City Lecture on the U.S. economic outlook - 1030 GMT. ST. LOUIS, Mo. - Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis President James Bullard gives welcome remarks before the Community Banking in the 21st Century conference hosted by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis - 1800 GMT. ST. LOUIS, Mo. - Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland President Loretta Mester speaks before the Community Banking in the 21st Century conference hosted by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis - 1815 GMT. BALTIMORE, United States - Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia President Patrick Harker speaks on “Rethinking the Labor Market and Approaches to Employment” before the “Reinventing Our Communities: Investing in Opportunity” conference co-sponsored by the Federal Reserve Banks of Richmond and Philadelphia, in Baltimore, Md. - 1715 GMT.
** LONDON - Bank of England Monetary Policy Committee Member Gertjan Vlieghe speaks on ‘Global and domestic challenges for UK monetary policy’ at the National Bank of Belgium - 1630 GMT.
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 23 ** PHILADELPHIA, United States - Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia issues Nonmanufacturing Business Outlook Survey for October - 1230 GMT.


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Gunning, Tom. "From the Kaleidoscope to the X-Ray: Urban Spectatorship, Poe, Benjamin, and Traffic in Souls" (1997).
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industry_corpus2: Literature & Emotions


text: Motorola MZ604 Background: Crimea, 1280x800. Hd wallpaper download for mobile, Taurica (96). Wallpaper for android free download.


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1) The young women would be connected to more adult women. Kids tend to do better by most measures of achievement and mental health the more caring adults they have involved in their lives. It can’t hurt to have one more friendly face to say hello to at church.
2) These connections would ease the transition from YW to RS, which has been a major concern for many years.
3) Young women would get to see real-life versions of their possible future, instead of relying on crappy movies, sappy songs, and Hallmark ads (or, heaven forfend, Ensign articles about the joys of motherhood, travails of singlehood, and the neverending misadventures of Name Withheld).
5) Young women would have a chance to prepare visiting teaching messages, and might even learn the names of some of the auxiliary presidents quoted therein (because until the missionaries get in *much* better shape, it seems unlikely that names of RS presidents will ever be learned as rhythmic accompaniment to pushups in the hallowed gym of the MTC…). Teaching in an intimate setting like visiting teaching requires a particular skill set, not easily acquired in the rest of the YW program or any other forum I can think of, and these skills are really important for missionaries. It’s also a chance for young women to find their voices, their own way of expressing spiritual impressions and thoughts in a slightly less scary and/or potentially emotionally coercive atmosphere than, say, testimony meeting at Youth Conference or Girls’ Camp.
6) Having a visiting teaching partner could either give a daughter a chance to see her mother in a new role (if she’s paired with her mother), or a chance to hear and discuss gospel principles which she would be shy or unwilling to discuss with her mother (if she works with another woman in the ward).
I can think of a few potential pitfalls, as well, mostly logistical–YW Presidents tend to be massively busy and stressed anyway, as do RS presidents, and adding another layer of coordination to their schedules might be nightmarish. Young women could have bad experiences if their partners or teachees weren’t carefully chosen. It could be just one more obligation for “good” girls to feel burdened by, and one more opportunity for “bad” girls to rebel (and/or secretly feel guilty and inadequate about).
On the whole, though, I think it would be a net gain for the church and for the young women involved. What do you think?
I think it’s a pretty good idea as well. Is it ok to suggest that it may also make the feel on a par with young men in their duties as HT’s? Have you suggested this in real life to ward leadership? If so, with what response?
I’ve only talked about it as sort of a pie-in-the-sky idea with friends who were bishops–despite what you might think, I would actually be pretty shy about seriously trying to get a bishop/RS President to try it. Doesn’t feel like my place to make such suggestions in real life!
A very simple, yet very effective idea. Huzzah! KHH, prophetess, once again proves her prescience.
I like it, Kristine. I especially like the transition to RS angle. The notion that a suddenly 18-year old girl is just magically going to bond with a bunch of older women is really, really naive, as actual experience demonstrates time and time again. And I like the idea of promoting equity/reciprocity with the young men to the extent possible.
The question is: is this an innovation that a bishop could institute at the ward level, or is it something that would have to go up the ladder and be contemplated church-wide? Even if it is the latter, don’t be too surprised if this idea were to receive a favorable reception. Lots of innovations in church practice were initiated at the grass roots level.
Kev, I think you’re right on — I see no reason that this couldn’t be done as a grassroots effort.
Kristine. This is so revolutionary that I can’t stand it. Why hasn’t anybody done this already!? Seriously. This should be done.
Good idea, Kristine. In our ward, the YW are joining RS for opening exercises once a month. Is that churchwide or our innovation?
I’ve seen a lot of that (#7).
Excellent, excellent idea. Maybe someone with access to the CHI could tell us whether the visiting teaching rules would prohibit this or whether it could be done on a local level.
We actually do this in my ward – SSSHHH!!!
Laurels are invited to be companions to their mothers or older sisters. The pluses and minuses are about what you describe, Kristine. But one very big advantage you don’t mention is that it is often easier for a woman to schedule time to go visiting with her own daughter than it is with another adult woman.
We also invite two laurels to accompany two priests when they administer the sacrament to shut-ins on Sunday afternoons. The YW participate by giving a spiritual thought or scripture reading. I’ve found that an experience like this with no adults around to oversee them increases the respect that YW and YM have for each other.
Very good idea. I also like the suggestion of YW and RS meeting together for an opening. Why not indeed?
This is a wonderful, wonderful idea!!! Why hasn’t this been done already (or more–seeing Mark IV’s post) ?
wait! since when do we visit teach in companionships?! okay, i jest… but we haven’t had vt companionships in the past four wards, including the current one. one ward did “pods,” which were groups of women who were already cliquish and checked off their vt for the month by going to the mall or out for lunch. when i was called as vt coordinator, i agreed to do it on the condition that we did it the right way. you would not believe how much opposition i came up against. the rs1c ranted and raved about how she had a friend who did it in their ward and had received express permission by phone from mary ellen smoot. um, okay. we ran atrocious numbers anyway, i didn’t see why we couldn’t at least report those numbers knowing we were doing things the way the lord had intended.
anyone here grammatically inclined enough to expound upon “visiting” versus “visit” in vt?
I will pose this question to my bishop friend/coworker tomorrow, if you want another opinion from a current bishop.
As the father of a 9-year-old daughter who talks about being a missionary and going to med school (and for whom I don’t see much support in our ward for either activity), I’m all in favor of anything that would help her develop her skills when she hits the YW.
This afternoon at her achievement day activity, the girls received instruction on skin and hair care. The cub scouts got to make boats from a cereal box, a strip of wood, a rubber band, and a balloon. My daughter would rather have been with the cub scouts.
This sounds like an excellent idea to me.
THe only problem I would foresee, though not that big a one, is a lot of VT is done during the day when many of the YW are in school.
Otherwise, I don’t see any reason why not.
Tim J – there are lots of places where women work during the day and VT at night, plus there’s all afternoon after school, plus Saturdays, plus Sundays….
Jack – You’re right: VT and HT are not analogous – VT is much more likely to get done (at least in my 40 years of experience with both programs). But, seriously, you’d be surprised at how much conversation can be had between YW and RS members – after all, the RS “peer group” goes from 18 to death (unlike the MP “peer group” that’s divided into Elders and HP’s). And, last-but-not-least, I know several good VT’s perfectly capable of fixing leaky pipes, broken cars, freaky computers, squeaky doors and a whole passle of other household items (often while dragging whiny children along the way), so don’t be so fast to discount the non-traditional talents of your sisters.
Discounting talents? Let the visiting teachers fix the pipes, but don’t do it at the exclusion of good conversation.
despite what you might think, I would actually be pretty shy about seriously trying to get a bishop/RS President to try it. Doesnâ€™t feel like my place to make such suggestions in real life!
Well then, it only follows that you try it out here in the Bloggernacle something akin to Ronan and Steve’s monthly HT visits. Once you’ve perfected the cyber version–you should certainly be ready to implement it in real life! You may eve be reporting on it Church wide next April in general conference!!
Our ward RS president tried, unilaterally, to implement this in our ward a couple of years ago. She may have heard about Mark IV’s ward. She did not discuss it first with any ward leaders.
The experiment ended after 6 months or so.
Had it been collaboratively implemented, it might have had the beneficial results Kristine suggests, although I am sympathetic to my daughter’s concerns about time demands during senior year.
I would add that I made it a practice to take my daughters (and my son) with me, one or two at a time, as home teaching companions from the time they were infants (I have rarely had a formally assigned HT companion). I can remember being my dad’s HT companion at times long before I turned 14.
not that anyone ever bothers to home or visit teach us, but i’d greatly appreciate a spiritual message over “jaw jacking.” the lone time i was visit taught, the two sisters spent so much time chit-chatting that it was bothersome. i had two very small children, was now running behind schedule for the day, and wasn’t feeling very edified as they compared their adult children. i kept a stiff upper lip, but it was a long two hours! they concluded by giving me a photocopy of the message from the ensign and letting me know i could call on them.
Comment #21 by DavidH brought up the issue I wondered about. How would youth who are not part of Relief Society be responsible for a function of the society? Not meant as a damper on the brainstorming, but I wonder how the stewardship would work. It’s also interesting how proposed benefit #0 is left completely in the background for this post and set of comments.
Why would any RS or YW organization want to waste 15-25 minutes doing opening exercises like Priesthood does?
My experience with having YM companions for HT has been that they either don’t participate by not coming along or they don’t participate by coming along and not saying anything. I don’t have any sons though.
I do know many fathers love that they get a sort of “free pass” on having spiritual time with their son and on having an easy companion to work with, and I would think that is the one major pro of the arrangement.
I think that this is a great idea, primarily because one of the great limitations that I see in the YW program is the lack of “responsibility” that the young women have in the church. I have blogged on it elsewhere, but in my experience, YM get invaluable experiences from their priesthood duties in preparing/passing the sacrament and through HT, while YW are taught to view the world through the lens of “personal progress”. I have been very pleased to see my son who is 12.5 preparing a lesson for his HT family and trying to serve those families. For this, I give much of the credit to my husband who is conscientiously mentoring him in this regard.
I think that joining for opening exercises would help a lot with transition as well. Back to the example of my son, when he goes to Priesthood, he sits with his friends, but he is also getting the experience that he is part of a larger group.
Also, John Mansfield, how can youth who are not a member of an Elder’s Quorum or High Priest’s Quorum be responsible for a function of that quorum? How does the stewardship work for the YM?
Personally, I always wanted to get VT visits while I was in a singles ward. I didn’t think it was fair that the girls got both (and the VT’s usually brought treats) while we only got HT’s (who never brought treats).
Maybe you can add that on as an option to the proposal.
Kristine, I think this is a great idea.
Kris, I’m not John Mansfield, but his point was that the VT program is specifically directed for the benefit of the Relief Society members, whereas the HT program is for the benefit of ward members. One of the scriptural chargers of Aaronic Priesthood Teachers (14-year-olds) is to teach the members of the ward. They are included in the HT program to help them perform this duty. Deacons aren’t included because it isn’t part of their charge.
DavidH, if YW are too busy preparing for college to VT, and if President Hinckley is concerned that too few YM are going to college, it looks like Kristine should be instead proposing that YM not be allowed to Home Teach! They have college applications to write . . .
Matt, I think there’s lots of room for flexibility here. As noted above, my son is a deacon and he’s started HT. In terms of scriptural charges, do we really need to look any further than Luke 10:29-37 or Mosiah 2:17.
The last few YW leadership training meetings I have been to, have placed great emphasis on the fact that we are helping the YW to become future leaders — I don’t take this just to mean event planners. VT provides a great opportunity to expose YW to diverse sisterhood, to serve and develop compassionate attributes.
OK, here’s how it worked for us.
First, the idea originated with the laurels’ presidency. The YW themselves wanted a way to provide ongoing, meaningful service. Over the course of a month or so, the idea made its way through the youth committee meetings and ward councils. People liked the sound of it, but were somewhat timid about taking the first step. The bishop told the SP what was being contemplated, and he gave approval. Note: it helps if your bishop has a reputation as a straight arrow. He’ll have credibility, and the stake will be more willing to provide covering fire when other wards hear about it and demand to know what the heck is going on. Our SP just told people we were doing a temporary test. From an adminstrative standpoint, you can do quite a lot of innovation if you just tell people you are involved in a “pilot program”.
To address Julie’s point, we did check the handbook, and we didn’t find anything that strictly forbids it. I was really happy with elder Ballard’s talk in conference when he described the handbook as guidelines which must be observed, but which allow for a lot of creativity (his word) and adaptation to local needs.
Following up on what Matt said, it is true, strictly speaking only boys of at least teacher age are to home teach. But every ward I have ever lived in uses the deacons as home teachers, and nobody gets heartburn.
I second, third, fourth, twenty-eighth this idea–whatever comment number we’re on by now. I really think this is a fabulous idea. And in case someone hasn’t suggested it already (I haven’t read all of the comments), this might also increase the number of sister missionaries serving. Maybe?
Considering the sheer number of Church obligations our Laurels have, I think something like this would inspire absolute mutiny. Not counting leadership meetings for the presidency (which adds between .5 and 2 hours per week,) my sister spends a minimum of 10 hours a week just in Church/seminary, not counting any prep time, personal study, etc. They can barely get the girls to show up on Wednesdays. Admittedly I, as a YSA, basically don’t do any YSA activities at all while I’m in school; it’s a personal struggle to accept my VT’s requests for appointments, given the amount of homework the Russian department likes to hand out. I was nearly tearing my hair out last week, when my VT was five minutes late (I could have been conjugating or declining or something!!!!) And the YW like to cancel things without calling anyone; my sister brings her homework to the church on Wednesdays just in case.
Then again, if you let the girls out of one YW activity per month as compensation, they’d fall over themselves to accept, I think. At least, the ones who don’t like Wednesday after Wednesday of personal beauty tips and trust exercises and so forth.
And there’s no hypocrisy here as far as YM/YW is concerned — most of the YM don’t seem to go on their HT assignments. Our HT always has his YM companion, but considering that the YM in question is a) the bishop’s oldest son, b) our HT’s grandson AND c) one of my younger sister’s closest friends this is an unusual situation (he also spends most of the visit playing with our cats.) I wasn’t sure about the wisdom of having a YM home teaching in a house with three YSA/YW daughters, but then again, he actually shows up nearly every time (our last HT was assigned to us for three years, and only had a companion – almost always a different guy – a third of the time.) And it’s probably only because he’s there that my sister is willing to show up in the living room at all.
I can’t count the times in my adult life that I have heard leaders bemoan the fact that YW aren’t making the transition to RS. It’s not a mystery to me. Young Women in the church generally have little contact with RS while growing up. The RS and YW usually operate as closed societies, one exclusively for youth, one exclusively for adult women; so why are we surprised when younger women act on the impression that RS is not for them? The organization has effectively taught them that lesson their whole lives.
1. RS and YW meet together every week for opening exercises. The RS president presides, just as the Bishop presides in priesthood opening exercises. Contrary to a prior comment this doesn’t take 25 minutes, more like 10 minutes.
2. The women’s session at general conference becomes the RS/YW session. Women would attend with their daughters and the meeting would focus on the YW as much as on the adults.
3. The RS birthday would become a social event for women and YW, just as the father and sons campout, which celebrates the restoration of the Aaronic priesthood, is a social event for men and boys.
4. Kris’ excellent suggestion that YW become involved in visiting teaching.
I think the biggest thing that needs to change is the mindset of RS and YW. RS needs to change from a closed society for adults into a society that is nurturing women and young women. If the combined opening exercises continue as RS starts now and the YW are treated as just visitors, they will continue to see RS as them rather than us. In our priesthood opening exercises a YM always plays the piano, even if it is excrutiatingly slow; a YM always leads the music, even if he just waves his arms; and a YM always offers the prayer. We want them to get this experience and we want them to know that they are an important part of the priesthood. I think RS would have to give up some of its cherished rituals and be more welcoming to change.
Likewise, like a previous comment illustrated, the YW president will have to give up some of her power and allow her organization to be integrated. But the YM president seems able to accept this, I think the YW president could also.
In our ward, the Laurels attend RS once per month. The girls generally dread this particular Sunday (and, over the years, I have viewed their opinions from the vantage point of being a YW advisor, a RS teacher, and the mother of a Laurel). As RS teachers, we were encouraged to involve the girls in the lessons, and the RS Presidency makes an attempt to invite the girls to lessons that might interest them. Our stake RS invites the Laurels to numerous stake events with the RS. All of these are attempts to ease the challenging YW-RS transition, and all seem to be disliked by the Laurels. They think we RS sisters are B-O-R-I-N-G (and I did too, at their age).
My sister observed that YM at least get to go into the EQ, with men somewhat closer to their age range, while the RS takes all, from 18 to the grave. If I were running the show, I would try a “Junior RS” for ages 18 to 30; perhaps the YW would feel more comfortable with the younger married women.
Three cheers for experimentation with any of these areas, including visiting teaching. I know the Church is seriously concerned about the number of members who become “less active” during the college and young adult years.
Oops, didn’t mean to suggest most women 18 to 30 are married; we have a YA ward in our stake, so in our RS most younger singles are elsewhere, but we do have a group of married sisters in their 20s to whom the Laurels might relate.
In the meantime, if I had a teen daughter, I’d consider always bringing her along, even telling the RS I can go partnerless because she’s always unofficially there. Of course, that’s pretty hypothetical. My girl is 18 months old!
The problem, peony, is that in the wards I have been in all the “young” married women, who would relate well to the YW are in the YW program allready! Which then hhurts the one or two sisters in RS not in YW or primary as well. The biggest change should be a personal one, not an institutional one. However, the RS, being an auxiliary, doesn’t have as many restrictions on how it is to be run.
Also, I believe that the YM HT at age 14. I think 12 is an exception. Growing up, you HT with your dad from 14-16, and then 16-18 taught with another person (Most likely a HP).
The value of this idea depends entirely on what one thinks visiting teaching is for.
While such a program might provide a relatively painless initiation into Relief Society for laurel-aged girls, I’m not sure that having a 17 or 18 year old girl as a visiting teacher would always be a good idea for the sister being visit taught.
My youngest sister wanted me to add that she’d be for it provided the girls could get a necklace in exchange (after, say, a year of participation.) She’s still miffed they got rid of the Beehive/Mia Maid/Laurel necklaces, I think.
Occasionally magazines such as Time or Newsweek feature brief compilations of “great ideas” that come from abroad and might be worth trying in the U.S.
Why not have an article in Dialogue or Sunstone that follows this same model, i.e.: the editors could issue a “call for proposals” and gather grassroots suggestions similar to Kristine’s suggestion here: simple ideas and practices that may benefit the church as a whole, but aren’t currently widely, if at all, practiced. The editors could then select the 25 or 30 best ideas and publish them, each in a half-page or so paragraph.
Sarah, do they do give them something instead of the necklaces now? I hadn’t realized that they no longer did that. I haven’t known many girls who cared about it in the past.
Maybe we’ll try something like that here at BCC. Remind me about it sometime in case I forget. It’s a great idea.
Hi, Kris! Great post. I must admit that anything associated with Relief Society used to scare the heck out of me as a teenager. The RS women seemed completely out of touch with my teenage life, – even though many of them were only three or four years older than I. The last thing I wanted to do as a fourteen year old was to hang out with people like my parents. That said, I didn’t ever actually make the transition to Relief Society from YW, so perhaps a “Junior” Relief Society might help those who worry about being instantly transformed into an adult with serious responsibilities as soon as she walks into the RS room.
– It would be most beneficial to use the YW to assist VT that goes on in the evenings, because they couldn’t help much during the day.
– Except, you restrict this to the summertime only.
– The difference between YM HTing and YW VTing is analogous to the expectations we put on missionary service for YW and YM. For YM, it’s expected as a manner for preparation for priesthood leadership. For YW, missions are “encouraged but not required” (I disagree with that assertion, as I think most YW leaders do a great job dissuading YW from serving missions).
– The time commitment with seminary, YW activities/service projects, and college prep may be an issue.
He said he wouldn’t be opposed to implementing it in his ward, but it would have to be run by the RS/YW as a joint “program”. He indicated that the management of the VT program is managed by the RS, not by him.
I find it hard to see why this would apply to the YW and not the YM.
Obviously it applies to both YW and YM.
My friend’s point is that for some, the time commitment is easier to use as an excuse if you’re not already obligated to help with home/visit teaching. The YM are essentially obligated to it. The YW or not. So when you propose that the YW do it, then the time commitment comes into it.
Neither of us think it’s a valid point. But he threw it out as an perceived obstacle to overcome.
OK, so how much time commitment do the YM spend on HT, anyway?
Hard to have fake HTML tagging for humorous purposes when the comments strip out the brackets.
This is a wonderful idea, Kristine. It wouldn’t work in our ward, because we put one woman who will go, who will call, and actually care, with one who will not.
We don’t have enough to put with the young women who would get them out. I tried it with the 18 year olds, but no one would follow up.
But in wards where there are actually two women who are partners who will get out, you could split them up and that would be a really good idea to send them with young women.