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Il Dipartimento di Ricerca CERDO (DRC) è il dipartimento dell’Istituto di formazione osteopatica Centre pour l’Etude, la Recherche et la Diffusion Osteopathiques che si occupa delle attività inerenti la ricerca scientifica in campo osteopatico.
DOCUMENTI DEL DIPARTIMENTO DI RICERCA C.E.R.D.O.
IN AMBITO OSTEOPATICO DI DOCENTI/STUDENTI C.E.R.D.O.
Tassorelli C, Tramontano M, Berlangieri M, Schweiger V, D’Ippolito M, Palmerini V, Bonazza S, Rosa R, Cerbo R, Buzzi MG. Assessing and treating primary headaches and cranio-facial pain in patients undergoing rehabilitation for neurological diseases. J Headache Pain. 2017 Sep 29;18(1):99.
D’Ippolito M, Tramontano M, Buzzi MG. Effects of Osteopathic Manipulative Therapy on Pain and Mood Disorders in Patients With High-Frequency Migraine. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2017 Jun 1;117(6):365-369. doi: 10.7556/jaoa.2017.074.
Luciani E, van Dun PL, Esteves JE, Lunghi C, Petracca M, Papa L, Merdy O, Jäkel A, Cerritelli F. Learning Environment, Preparedness and Satisfaction in Osteopathy in Europe: The PreSS Study.PLoS One. 2015 Jun 23;10(6):e0129904.
Consorti F, Mancuso R, Piccolo A, Consorti G, Zurlo J. Evaluation of the acceptability of Peer Physical Examination (PPE) in medical and osteopathic students: a cross sectional survey. BMC Med Educ. 2013 Aug 22;13:111.
Basile F, Scionti R, Petracca M. Diagnostic reliability of osteopathic tests: A systematic review. International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine (2017) 1-9.
Noccioli G, Noccioli N, Graziosi S, Petracca M, Gambardella O, Dammando F Randomized clinical trial on the effects of osteopathic treatment in menopausal women. Giorn. It. Ost. Gin. Vol. XXXVI – 2014.
Consorti G, Basile F, Pugliese L, Petracca M. Interrater Reliability of Osteopathic Sacral Palpatory Diagnostic Tests Among Osteopathy Students. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2018 Oct 1;118(10):637-644.


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The tool below can be used to easily convert from any unit in any scale to any other unit in any other scale. I use the tool often for scratch building projects.
Simply enter the amount, unit (defaults to cm) and scale(defaults to 1/1) to convert from and select the units and scale to convert to. Click the button and the result will be displayed instantly.
You can also use the second calculator to find the scale of an item.
There are lots of scales already included but feel free to drop me a line if you want any more added.
Convert any measurement in a known scale into another known scale.
Calculate the scale from two measurements.
If you've found this free tool remotely useful, please consider donating a few cents to go towards a beer. Because beer is good.

industry_corpus2: Computing & Telecommunications


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Former Bank of Uganda Director for Commercial Banks Supervision Justine Bagyenda on Monday showed up at Parliament for questioning over her alleged involvement in the theft of documents from the Bank.
She had skipped three summons issued by The Committee on Commissions, Statutory Authorities and State Enterprises [COSASE].
Bagyenda is accused of using her aides to smuggle vital documents out of the Bank’s premises.
Last week, Bagyenda’s bodyguard, Police Constable Adikot Juliet, and driver, Job Turyahabwe, confirmed the reports to the same effect.
They were arrested and handed over to police CID department as criminal accomplices.
COSASE Chairperson Abdu Katuntu told Bagyenda on Monday that her travelling without asking the committee first disorganised their programme.
“Your travelling caused us a bit of inconvenience but since you are now here, you have to make sure that you sit throughout the process and answer all the questions that we have for you,” Katuntu said.
Bagyenda then apologised for missing the previous three sittings of the Committee.
She asked the committee to set free her driver and bodyguard who were arrested for giving false evidence to the committee.
“I thank you all for unanimously agreeing to extend the summons against me on two occasions. I want to assure you that I am willing to corporate and assist the committee in any way I can,” she told the committee.
Katuntu said that they [her aides] lied after taking oath and so the law will take its course.
Bunyole West MP James Waluswaka then requested that this committee keeps Bagyenda until the probe has been finished.
“I cannot trust the submission of a passport because she can have more than one passport,” Waluswaka noted.
Katuntu instead asked Bagyenda to deposit her two passports (the East African passport and the International one) with Parliament until the probe is over.
Bagyenda was then put to oath following a number of complaints from committee members showing a certain level of mistrust in what could be her submissions to the committee.
Apparently, Bank of Uganda officials told COSASE that they cannot trace the offices or address of Kirkland Associates, a law firm that they hired for consultancy services during the process of selling seven defunct banks.

industry_corpus2: Finance & Economics


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Broke my foot, so article is late. Sorry.
Well, to my loyal fan who might be wondering why there’s no article today, here’s what happened. The other day it was kind of nice out, and for the first time in months, possibly even years, I thought I should go outside and do some work in the yard. The shock of this sudden change in environment caused my body to betray me and I crumpled under my own weight. The end result being that I broke my foot.
Now that I’m on crutches I’m more tired than usual, so rather than finishing my article, I slept for most of the day. Don’t worry though, this week’s article is nearly done. I just need to get a few more pictures and then I should have it up tomorrow if I don’t manage to get it up late today.
So come check out the article tomorrow, and don’t worry, i have lots of great articles left to write.

industry_corpus2: Others


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This is crucial. Neither biology nor anthropology can sketch the essence of the before the constitutive relationship with what is outside, to that which opens to our animality or vitality as "opening" and "feeling". It is aesthesis: the active reactivity or receptive-transformative passivity that depends on that which is other from the self. To the extent that it is dependent (and therefore removed from a divinely created and inauthentic mode of being), the human draws mimetic forms. It is therefore technique; it is art as artifice [see Bazzicalupo]. This implies a rethinking of identity as constitutively not insular: as metisse, as hybrid, and paradoxically as always cyborg. Our capacities for life are [our] capacities for artifice, for putting ourselves in relation to that which is other from us: the human is not a given, but that which can be modified. We graft the other onto us inasmuch as we are capable of assimilating and metabolizing it. By virtue of this, the corporeal doesn't dissolve into the virtual or the technological, because body and life represent an active passivity, the mnestic and selective features of that creative assimilation.
Laura Bazzicalupo, "The ambivalence of biopolitics".
escrito por Sergio Gutiérrez Negrón a las 8:05 p.m.

industry_corpus2: Health & Medicine


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The Rocket goggles series were specially engineered with the same principles behind our other products - maximizing aero and hydrodynamics. Designed for both pool and open water to achieve a combination of ergonomic fit, comfort and individual style. The lenses provide excellent clarity, UV protection and a tight yet comfortable seal. The straps are easily adjustable and durable.
Look stylish under and above the water with the stylish Sputnik swimming goggles!
The Rocket goggles series were specially engineered with the same principles behind our other products - maximizing aero and hydrodynamics.
Designed for both pool and open water to achieve a combination of ergonomic fit, comfort and individual style.
OUR PHILOSOPHY Rocket Science Sports makes innovative products based on detailed scientific research and the application of engineering concepts. Our products are designed to maximize human efficiency by implementing concepts of aero dynamics, hydro dynamics, compression, durability, and of course, style. Extensive time is undertaken to design and perfect each product before market introduction.
Our philosophy is to defy mediocrity. We are continually seeking to exceed industry standards and we create innovative products specifically designed to enhance the performance of each individual athlete, whether novice or professional. At Rocket Science Sports, we look forward to helping each athlete achieve or exceed his or her performance goals.
Rocket Science Sports specializes in competition quality apparel and accessories for the sports market with a core emphasis on technology. Lead designer and CEO, Marcin Sochacki, applies his degree in aerospace engineering and his extensive background in competitive sports to create the product range.
For our athletes, fresh air, clean water, and open trails are some of the basic elements which are fundamental to regular training. But in order to keep the skies blue and the water clean, everyone has to contribute.
At Rocket Science Sports we are working hard to reduce our carbon footprint. We set new goals to achieve year after year and are proud to say we are doing our part.
We are continually rethinking everything from products to the packaging they ship in to push the eco envelope. After all, what good is the most technologically advanced gear if the environment gets spoiled while making it?
In fact, if you haven’t seen a swimsuit made entirely out of recycled water bottles, just ask one of our representatives.
From top to entry level, Rocket Science Sports has a full range of products for consumers. Whether the suit is for the recreational or professional athlete, our line is top end and held at a high standard when compared to our competition and yet is priced competitively.
Our brand is growing worldwide as athletes recognize our dedication to endurance sports. The retailers and distributors who choose to work with us appreciate a company with roots in sports and an interest in making gear for every athlete.

industry_corpus2: Aerospace


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SCR888 is widely recognized as the most played online mobile slot games in Malaysia. Not long ago, SCR888 has introduced 918kiss as their new platform to give a better experience and excitement to all online casino players.
Very often, players are confused about the downloading process for 918kiss games. You can check out at http://www.918kiss-download.com that will provide you the most informative download guide for you to download and play 918kiss.

industry_corpus2: Gaming


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In order to support the stimulation of innovation and start-ups in Sofia Municipality in 2018 MGFSME has announced the Financing Innovative Start-ups Program.
The program is a specialized guarantee scheme of MGFSME and was developed in implementation of the Innovative Strategy for Smart Specialization of Sofia.
It is aimed at facilitating the access of start-up innovative enterprises to financial resources in connection with the realization and development of their business projects.
Main thematic priorities are Informatics, ICT and New technologies in creative and recreational industries. The strategic focus of Sofia’s ISIS is to create the necessary prerequisites and conditions for Sofia to become a national and regional center for education, modern research, innovation and entrepreneurship based on ICT. The emphasis is on the following priorities: living in a smart urban environment and mobility; cyber-physical systems; future cloud technologies; future networking solutions; health and a healthy lifestyle; data protection, security and trust; intelligent energy systems and intelligent spaces.
New technologies will also be supported in the creative and recreational industries. The emphasis in this priority is to support the development of the creative economy on the territory of Sofia, which is becoming a major factor for the development of tourism. This includes the arts, the cultural and creative industries where the main factors in the process of creation are individual creativity, skills, talent, as well as the possibilities for reproduction and protection of copyright on the unique cultural element.
Created no more than 3 years from the request for warranty support.
Which provides or will provide the market with innovative products, services and / or processes.
Projects that create new jobs for the unemployed.
Organizational innovation is a new organizational method in the company’s business practice, in the organization of workplaces or in external relations.
The MGFSME shares with the creditor bank a part of the credit risk, securing up to 50% of the principal of the loan and up to a maximum of BGN 30,000, regardless of the amount of the principal on the loan granted. The guarantee is ancillary collateral to the principal collateral under the loan accepted by the Bank. The maximum amount under which the MGFSME will issue guarantees under this financial instrument is BGN 600,000.
All eligible collateral under Bulgarian legislation is accepted as collateral.
In addition, the FISP program requires owners of borrowers – legal entities and collateral owners – to be engaged as co-debtors of the loan.
The MGFSME examines individually each single project applying for warranty support and may assume or refuse to issue a guarantee depending on whether the project meets the eligibility criteria of the FISP Program and the Fund’s Internal Rules.
© 2018 OGFMSP - "Municipal Guarantee Fund for SMEs". All rights reserved.


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Learn to see “inside” the price movement to gain a greater understanding of “how” price is moving from an orderflow perspective.
Learn to see changes in the internal properties of price movement – directionality, speed, acceleration, volatility, and overlap.
Learn to see signs of strength and weakness within the price movement.
Having learnt to assess the internal nature of price movement, you’ll be light years ahead of the majority of traders who can simply give you the name of a pattern and tell you where the text book says that price should go.
But I want you to go one step further.
Learn to see where the emotions of other traders will drive the changes to orderflow that provide opportunity in the market.
Learn to sense the fear of those that have created the price movement and trapped themselves in a losing position. Learn to understand how and when their exit orderflow will drive price… and how far market context should allow it to go before other traders will oppose the move. And in doing so… learn to profit from the demise of those who fail to understand the true nature of this trading game.
There’s a big difference between knowing the name of something and knowing something.
Most of the education we receive in trading is of the former category.
I’m asking you to take the much harder path.
Go above and beyond the mass of other traders.
Because in trading, we’re not really playing a game of price. We’re playing other players.
The consistent winners are those who know what game they’re playing and who know how to recognise and exploit the opportunity that becomes available when other traders fail.
It’s your choice which path you take.


text: Alan is the Dean of the Bartlett faculty of the Built Environment, he is a founding director of Space Syntax Ltd, a UCL knowledge transfer spin out with a portfolio of over 100 applied projects per year, including whole city masterplans, neighbourhood development plans and individual buildings. He is a board member of UCL Consultants Ltd. He is a member of the Space Syntax Laboratory within The Bartlett School of Architecture. He was the Chair of the Architecture, Built Environment and Planning sub-panel 16 and a member of Main-panel C for the Research Excellence Framework 2014. He is Principal Investigator on the £5m five year EPSRC funded Digital Economy Hub: UK Regions Digital Research Facility. He is a trustee of the Shakespeare North Trust a charity which is constructing a new Shakespearian theatre and educational centre in Prescot outside Liverpool.

industry_corpus2: Real Estate & Construction


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Today APRI ranks #1396 as BUY CANDIDATE.
Will APRI stock price go up or down on Thu, 25 Apr 2019?
APRI is up $0.33 today, but where's it headed in 2019?
Zacks Investment Research is releasing its prediction for APRI based on the 1-3 month system that more than doubles the S&P 500.
You are requesting a prediction for the closing price for Apricus Biosciences (APRI) for 2019-04-25.

industry_corpus2: Biopharmaceuticals


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With his hometown of Chicago on his back and the sounds of soul in his roots, Brooklyn-based emcee R.O.E. blends an urban vibe with poetic lyricism and music that hits straight to the heart that will attract anyone with an affection for alternative hip hop.
With revelatory lyrics, whimsical melodies, and the authenticity of Motown, Ness breathes Soul like fire into every Mic he wields like magic.
PHENOM, born Teh’Ray Hale, learned to rhyme at the becoming age of 13 in the back streets of Chicago, Illinois. Unafraid to join in on the ciphers and emcee battling, Phenom instantly loved connecting clairvoyant lyrics and hurling potent metaphors quickly taking his opponents to school. Influenced by legendary artists like Rakim, Nas, Common and Black Thought, Phenom set his goal as becoming himself, a legendary artist. His passion immediately ignites audiences with a fire that is often compared to stage presence of Mos Def, Busta Rhymes and Ludacris.
Mathias & The Pirates were formed out of unsettled waters. Mathias, Ms. Vizion & DJ LB were all finishing their time with Earthworms and Grea Tones respectively, and needed a new project to sink their brains into. They had all collaborated in the past and the results were great, so they quickly decided to join forces and make something beautiful for a world in turmoil.
The result is a finely crafted album entitled “Life of the Buzzard” – due out on FarFetched Records in the first quarter of 2013. Sweeping hooks and powerful lyrics intertwine with big, beastly production and live instrumentation to make for an album unlike anything you have in your ipod.. or CD case for the old heads out there.

industry_corpus2: Film & Entertainment


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Looking for men can be tough, but TemptAsian have made it simple and fun. Sign up for free to discover hot Latino men today and feel the joyful glow. If you choose to sign up for a free TemptAsian membership, you'll be able to create a personal profile and start browsing straight away. This will give you the chance to decide whether or not you like what you see and want to upgrade your TemptAsian membership or not. Join today and start interacting with singles in your area to see what we're all about.
Looking for Latino men in Anchorage has never been easier. TemptAsian can help you find happiness with hot men in no time at all! It's absolutely free to join TemptAsian, browse profiles and create your own personalized profile. This allows you to experience our dating system before you commit to a full membership. There's absolutely nothing to lose with a TemptAsian membership, so why wait?


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For the tenth consecutive year, BEST Ljubljana has organized a local EBEC competition, better known as MacGyver. It will take place on March 16 and 17, 2018.
Applications will close on March 11th.


text: Lasalocid (X-537A) is a polyether ionophore compound (Westly et al., 1970) that was isolated from streptomyces lasaliensis in 1951 (Berger et al., 1951). It is a lipid-soluble material which facilitates the passage of divalent and monovalent ions through lipophilic-biological membranes (Westley, 1977; Reed, 1982; Aebi. 1989). Lasalocid is used as a broad-spectrum anticoccidial agent and has been approved for use as a coccidiostat for chickens, and as a growth promoter for cattle (Bergen et al., 1984). However, lasalocid residues in commercial food were found to cause a paralytic syndrome in dogs (Safran et al., 1993a) and overdose in poultry feed caused neuromuscular deficit in chickens (Perelman et al., 1986).

industry_corpus2: Agriculture & Fisheries


text: As part of the Research Experiences to Enhance Learning (REEL) program, students in Analytical Chemistry at the Ohio State University have contributed to authentic in-class research projects in the area of Environmental Chemistry. Over the last 6+ years more than one-thousand students have collected and characterized water samples from rivers, streams, and lakes in the Greater Columbus area. Communication of results has been accomplished in many ways including traditional norms of scientific discourse (poster sessions and oral presentations) and novel, technology-enhanced ones (student-produced videos, on-line research portfolio). This presentation will discuss the use of a collaborative class-wide research web-site produced by the students. The REEL program is a national leader for designing and including authentic in-class research experiences. This project aims to extend these experiences and increase the authenticity of the dissemination of student results.

industry_corpus2: Subject Education


text:
Cast iron base table made with a vintage pine top.
This stunning and sturdy table is one of our most popular industrial style pieces. Benches can be made to match.

industry_corpus2: Manufacturing


text:
Founded in 1987, Silver Lake Winery is Washington's largest consumer owned winery. At Silver Lake we offer award-winning premium, super-premium and ultra-premium wines that you can enjoy today or cellar for the future.
At Silver Lake we have a passion for wine and the wine lifestyle. Come join us for a taste of both at one of our tasting rooms. We have locations in Woodinville and Zillah, Washington.
Silver Lake will be closed Mondays, Tuesdays, and Wednesdays starting November 2014 and will back to 7 days a week starting April 2015.


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Best Readings is a collection of Journal/Magazine Special Issues, books, articles, and papers on a featured topic. This Best Readings is on Cognitive Radio (CR) Communications and Networking.
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Special Issue on “Cognitive Radio: Theory and Application”, vol. 26, no. 1, January 2008.
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Special Issue on “Advances in Cognitive Radio Networking and Communications - I”, vol. 29, no. 2, February 2011.
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Special Issue on “Advances in Cognitive Radio Networking and Communications - II”, vol. 29, no. 4, April 2011.
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Special issue on the "Achievements and the Road Ahead: The First Decade of Cognitive Radio", vol. 59, no. 4, May 2010.
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing,Special Issue on “Signal Processing in Cognitive Radio”, vol. 5, no. 1, January 2011.
IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine, Special Issue on “Cognitive Radio Networks: A Practical Perspective”, August 2012.
IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, Special Issue on“Applications of Cognitive Radio Networks”, June 2012.
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Special Issue on “Ten Years of Cognitive Radio: State of the Art and Perspectives”, November 2011.
EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, Special Issue on “Dynamic Spectrum Access for Wireless Networking”, August 2009.
EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, Special Issue on “Advanced Signal Processing for Cognitive Radio Networks”, 2010.
Elsevier Computer Communications, Special Issue on “Cognitive Radio and Dynamic Spectrum Sharing Systems”, vol. 32, no. 18, December 2009.
S. Haykin, “Cognitive radio: Brain-empowered wireless communications,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 201-220, February 2005.
This is a seminal paper, which for the first time discusses the basic cognitive radio functionalities from communications, signal processing, and networking point of view and introduces methods for radio scene analysis, channel state and interference-temperature estimation, and power control for cognitive radios.
J. Mitola III and G. Q. Maguire Jr., “Cognitive radio: Making software radios more personal," IEEE Personal Communications, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 13-18, August 1999.
This is the pioneering paper which introduces the concept of cognitive radio and discusses its relationship with software defined radio – also introduces the idea of using Radio Knowledge Representation Language (RKRL) to implement cognitive and software defined radios.
I. F. Akyildiz, W.-Y. Lee, M. C. Vuran, and S. Mohanty, “NeXt generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks: A survey,” Computer Networks (Elsevier), vol. 50, no. 13, pp. 2127-2159, September 2006.
This is an extensive survey on the architecture and protocol design issues for cognitive radio networks or dynamic spectrum access (DSA) networks, also referred to as NeXt Generation (xG) networks.
Q. Zhao and B. M. Sadler, “A survey of dynamic spectrum access,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 79-89, May 2007.
This is one of the early tutorial papers on cognitive radio, which provides a summary of technical and regulatory challenges in dynamic spectrum access.
Bruce A. Fette, Cognitive Radio Technology (2nd Edition), Academic Press, ISBN: 978-0123745354, 2009.
This book provides a comprehensive coverage on the basic concepts, implementation details, standards, policy issues on cognitive radio technology.
B. Wang and K.J.R. Liu, “Advances in cognitive radio networks: A survey,” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 5-23, 2011.
The paper provides an updated survey on cognitive radio networks.
E. Hossain, D. Niyato, and Z. Han, Dynamic Spectrum Access and Management in Cognitive Radio Networks, Cambridge University Press, 2009.
This book provides an all-inclusive introduction to this emerging technology, outlining the fundamentals of cognitive radio-based wireless communication and networking, spectrum sharing models, and the requirements for dynamic spectrum access. This is a perfect introduction for graduate students and researchers, as well as a useful self-study guide for practitioners.
A. Goldsmith, S. A. Jafar, I. Maric, and S. Srinivasa, “Breaking spectrum gridlock with cognitive radios: An information theoretic perspective,”Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 97, no. 5, pp. 894-914, May 2009.
This is an excellent survey on the information-theoretic capacity results, related bounds, and the degrees of freedom for different cognitive radio network design paradigms (e.g., underlay, overlay, and interweave paradigms).
N. Devroye, P. Mitran, and V. Tarokh, “Achievable rates in cognitive radio channels,”IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 1813-1827, May 2006.
This is a premier work on the information-theoretic analysis of achievable rate region for a two-sender and two-receiver cognitive radio interference channel.
A. Jovicic and P.Viswanath, “Cognitive radio: An information-theoretic perspective,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 3945-3958, September 2009.
This is another important work, which analyzes the rate capacity of cognitive radio-based communications under coexistence conditions where a cognitive radio causes to rate degradation for the primary user communication with single-user decoder.
M. Gastpar, “On capacity under receive and spatial spectrum-sharing constraints,”IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 471-487, February 2007.
This paper takes a different approach in capacity analysis for wireless multiple access and relay networks under received power constraints and geometric spectrum-sharing constraints. The capacity analysis considers cooperation, feedback and dependent sources.
S. Rini, D.Tuninetti, and N.Devroye, “Inner and outer bounds for the Gaussian cognitive interference channel and new capacity results,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 820-848, Feb. 2012.
The paper presents a new set of results on the capacity of the Gaussian cognitive interference channels for several parameter regimes (or channel models).
T. Yucek and H. Arslan, “A survey of spectrum sensing algorithms for cognitive radio applications,” IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 11, no. 1, pp.116-130, 2009.
A very comprehensive survey on spectrum sensing – introduces the concept of multi-dimensional spectrum sensing – explains the various forms of cooperative sensing –discusses models for prediction of primary user behavior - a one stop reference for spectrum sensing.
Y.-C. Liang, Y. Zeng, E.C.Y. Peh, and A. T. Hoang, “Sensing-throughput tradeoff for cognitive radio networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 1326-1337, April 2008.
This paper is one of the first works that studies the problem of optimizing the sensing duration to maximize the achievable throughput for the secondary network under the constraint that the primary users are sufficiently protected. The sensing-throughput tradeoff is studied for energy detection and cooperative sensing is also considered.
R. Tandra and A. Sahai, “SNR walls for signal detection,” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 4-17, February 2008.
This paper presents one of the very first attempts to model the effects of uncertainty in noise and channel fading on signal detectioninthe context of cognitive radios – coins the term “SNR wall” - the minimum SNR of the signal below which a detector is not able to detect it reliably no matter how large the sensing duration is. The paper analyzes the tradeoff between the performance loss to the primary system and the robustness of signal detection/spectrum sensing.
Z. Quan, S. Cui, and A. H. Sayed, “Optimal linear cooperation for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks,” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 28-40, February 2008.
An important work on linear decision fusion for cooperative spectrum sensing - optimal weightings for linearly combining the energies measured at the cognitive radio users such that the probability of detection is maximized with a constraint on the probability of false alarm.
G. Ganesan and Y. Li, “Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio, part I: Two user networks,” and “part II: Multiuser networks,"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 2204-2222, June 2007.
These two papers introduce the novel concept of cooperation through relaying for spectrum sensing and thus exploit spatial diversity for performance gain in spectrum sensing.
K. B. Letaief and W. Zhang, “Cooperative communications for cognitive radio networks,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 97, no. 5, pp. 878-893, May 2009.
An important work on cooperative spectrum sensing – presents several robust cooperative spectrum sensing techniques based on the concepts of cooperative diversity and multiuser diversity.
A. Ghasemi and E. S. Sousa, “Spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks: Requirements, challenges and design trade-offs,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 32-39, April 2008.
This is one of the very first papers which provides an overview of the regulatory requirements (e.g., sensing periodicity and detection sensitivity), the major challenges associated with spectrum sensing (e.g., due to uncertainty in radio environment), the commonly used spectrum sensing methods in cognitive radio networks, and the performance tradeoff issues in spectrum sensing.
Y. Zeng and Y.-C. Liang, “Eigenvalue based spectrum sensing algorithms for cognitive radio,” IEEE Transactions Communications, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 1784-1793, 2009.
A pioneering work which uses random matrix theory to obtain the probability distributions of the test statistics and find the closed-form expressions for the probability of detection and the probability of false alarm – also proposes spectrum sensing methods which, overcome the noise uncertainty problem, and can be used without requiring the knowledge of signal, channel and noise power.
J. Unnikrishnan and V. V. Veeravalli, “Cooperative sensing for primary detection in cognitive radio," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 18-27, February 2008.
Another significant work on decision fusion for cooperative spectrum sensing, which considers correlations among the sensing results in the individual nodes – proposes a linear-quadratic (LQ) fusion strategy and compares with counting rule which is linear combining.
S. Haykin, D. Thomson, and J. Reed, "Spectrum sensing for cognitive radio," Proceedings of the IEEE, Special Issue on “Cognitive Radio”, vol. 97, no.5, pp.849-877, May 2009.
Provides a tutorial on the multi-taper method (MTM), which is a nonparametric method for spectrum sensing. This method provides high spectral-resolution capability, estimates the average power in each sub-band of the spectrum, and identifies the unknown directions of interfering signals.
Y. Zeng, Y.-C. Liang, A.T. Hoang, and R. Zhang, “A review on spectrum sensing for cognitive radio: Challenges and solutions,” EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, vol. 2010, Article ID 381465, 2010.
This paper reviews various spectrum-sensing techniques with emphasis on blind sensing techniques, which do not require information about source signals and propagation channels. The paper provides theoretical analysis on test statistic distribution and threshold setting.
P. D. Sutton, K. E. Nolan, and L. E. Doyle, “Cyclostationary signatures in practical cognitive radio applications,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 26, no.1, pp.13-24, January 2008.
This paper introduces a novel idea of embedding a cyclostationary signature in a signal to enable shorter sensing duration for signal detection and also to facilitate cognitive network identification.
E. Axell, G.Leus, E. G. Larsson, and H. V. Poor, “Spectrum sensing for cognitive radio: state-of-the-art and recent advances,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol.29, no.3, pp.101-116, May 2012.
This paper reviews the state-of-the-art and recent advances in spectrum sensing. Some of the recently developed methods are reviewed.
A. F. Molisch, M. Shafi, and L. J. Greenstein, “Propagation issues for cognitive radio,” Proceedings of the IEEE, Special Issue on “Cognitive Radio”, vol. 97, 787-804 (2009).
Provides a comprehensive overview of the propagation channel characteristics and models, which will be useful for the design of spectrum sensing methods and transmission strategies for cognitive radio systems.
I. Budiarjo, H. Nikookar, and L. Ligthart, “Cognitive radio modulation techniques,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 24-34, November 2008.
This article provides an excellent exposition to the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and transform domain communications system (TDCS) modulation techniques for spectrum overlay-based cognitive radio systems.
J. Meng, W. Yin, H. Li, E. Hossain, and Z. Han, “Collaborative spectrum sensing from sparse observations in cognitive radio networks,” IEEE Journal on Selected Topics on Communications, Special Issue on “Advances in Cognitive Radio Networking and Communications”, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 327-337, February 2011.
This work is an important contribution towards designing low-overhead methods for wide-band spectrum sensing. In a cognitive radio network with large number of cooperating users and frequency channels, to significantly reduce the overhead of cooperative spectrum sensing to detect spectrum holes, this paper proposes a matrix completion approach along with a novel joint sparsity algorithm.
A. Ghasemi and E. S. Sousa, “Interference aggregation in spectrum-sensing cognitive wireless networks,” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 41-56, February 2008.
This paper is a significant contribution towards modeling the distribution of aggregate interference at a primary receiver due to the secondary transmitters in terms of system parameters of a spectrum sensing-based cognitive radio network.
A. Rabbachin, Tony Q. S. Quek, H. Shin, and M. Z. Win, “Cognitive network interference,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 29, no. 2, February 2011.
This is an important contribution to statistical modeling of aggregate interference caused to a primary user in a cognitive radio network. The theory of truncated stable distributions is used for the modeling. The effect of power control on the cognitive network interference is also considered.
M. Wellens and P. Mahonen, “Lessons learned from an extensive spectrum occupancy measurement campaign and a stochastic duty cycle model,” Mobile Networks and Applications (Springer), 2009.
This is one of the very few papers in the literature, which presents a spectrum measurement campaign in detail and the lessons learned in this campaign. Also, the paper presents a stochastic model based on modified beta distribution for the duty cycle of occupancy in a sub-band.
D. A. Roberson, C. S. Hood, J. L. LoCicero, and J. T. MacDonald, “Spectral occupancy and interference studies in support of cognitive radio technology deployment,” in Proc. of First IEEE Workshop on Networking Technologies for Software Defined Radio Networks, pp. 26-35, September 2006.
This is one of the very early studies on spectrum occupancy and interference in cognitive radio systems, and the paper also discusses the opportunities, challenges, and communication limits in cognitive radio technology.
G. L. Stuber, S. M. Almalfouh, and D. Sale, “Interference analysis of TV-band white space,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 97, no. 4, pp. 741-754, April 2009.
The paper reports a comprehensive experimental study on interference analysis in the IEEE 802.22-based WRAN system.
B. Canberk, I. F. Akyildiz, and S. Oktug,“Primary user activity modeling using first-difference filter clustering and correlation in cognitive radio networks," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 170-183, February 2011.
This work addresses the potential drawback of Poisson modeling for primary user activity and presents a new model based on the first-difference filter clustering and temporal correlation statistics.
C. Ghosh, S. Pagadarai, D. Agrawal, and A. M. Wyglinski, “A framework for statistical wireless spectrum occupancy modeling,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 38-44, January 2010.
This paper proposes a statistical model for spectrum occupancy in time and frequency domain, and the key model parameters are determined from actual measurements.
D. Datla, A. M. Wyglinski, and G. J. Minden, “A spectrum surveying framework for dynamic spectrum access networks,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 4158-4158, April 2009.
This is an important work in the area providing a framework for spectrum measurement and offline processing of measured data. The framework has been evaluated by using on real-world spectrum measurement data.
Q. Zhao, L. Tong, A. Swami, and Y. Chen, “Decentralized cognitive MAC for opportunistic spectrum access in ad hoc networks: A POMDP framework,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 589-600, April 2007.
A pioneering work on decentralized cognitive MAC design – provides a decision-theoretic approach which integrates the design of spectrum access with spectrum sensing at the physical layer and traffic statistics determined by the application layer of the primary network – considers a single-user scenario.
A. Ghasemi and E. S. Sousa, “Fundamental limits of spectrum-sharing in fading environments,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 649-658, February 2007.
This is the pioneering work on spectrum sharing that evaluates the secondary channel capacities under the average and peak interference power constraints at the primary receiver in different fading environments. It is shown that with the same interference power limit, channel capacity in fading environments exceeds that of the AWGN channel. Impacts of correlated fading and multiple primary receivers on the channel capacity are also studied. Asymptotic capacities under different fading distributions are derived.
H. Kim and K. G. Shin, “Efficient discovery of Spectrum opportunities with MAC-layer sensing in cognitive radio networks,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 533-545, May 2008.
This is one of the early papers, which studies the problem of maximizing the discovery of spectrum opportunities with MAC-layer sensing by adapting sensing periods assuming an ON/OFF alternating channel activity pattern for primary users. The parameters for the probability distributions of ON/OFF periods are estimated by using Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimators.
R. Zhang and Y.-C. Liang, “Exploiting multi-antennas for opportunistic spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks,” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 88-102, February 2008.
One of the very few works on spectrum sharing in multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO)-based cognitive radio systems – proposes convex optimization-based methods to maximize the cognitive radio’s transmission rate under the transmit power constraint and a set of interference power constraints for any arbitrary number of primary and secondary, transmit and receive, antennas.
J. Jia, Q. Zhang, and X. Shen, “HC-MAC: A hardware-constrained cognitive MAC for efficient spectrum management,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 106-117, January 2008.
This paper presents a hardware-constrained multichannel cognitive MAC protocol under spectrum overlay. Although it considers a single-user scenario and an independent channel usage model, this is an important contribution towards practical MAC design for cognitive radio networks.
Y. Xing, C. N. Mathur, M. A. Haleem, R. Chandramouli, and K. P. Subbalakshmi, “Dynamic spectrum access with QoS and interference temperature constraints,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 423-433, April 2007.
This is a premier work on modeling and optimization of the spectrum sharing problem in a cognitive radio network considering the interference temperature constraint for primary users and the quality-of-service (QoS) requirements for secondary users. A social-optimization formulation and a game-theoretic formulation are considered, respectively, for centralized and distributed implementation of spectrum sharing.
Y. Xing, R. Chandramouli, S. Mangold, and S. Sankar N, “Dynamic spectrum access in open spectrum wireless networks,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 626-637, March 2006.
This is one of the early works on MAC design for spectrum sharing. This paper presents a learning-based MAC protocol for spectrum-sharing wireless networks such that weighted time-fairness can be achieved among the different networks sharing the spectrum.
X. Kang, Y.-C. Liang, A. Nallanathan, H. K. Garg, and R. Zhang, “Optimal power allocation for fading channels in cognitive radio networks: Ergodic capacity and outage capacity,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 940-950, February 2009.
A significant work on capacity analysis of a cognitive radio systemunder different power allocation strategies at the cognitive radios such that the interference power experienced by the primary receiver is limited - considers various combination of peak/average transmit and interference power constraints and studies the power allocation strategies to achieve the ergodic, delay-limited, and outage capacities for different fading channel models such as Rayleigh, Nakagami, and log-normal shadowing.
Y. Chen, Q. Zhao, and A. Swami, “Joint design and separation principle for opportunistic spectrum access in the presence of sensing errors,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 2053-2071, May 2008.
A premier work on cross-layer (PHY-MAC) design - demonstrates how sensing errors at the PHY layer affects MAC design and how incorporating MAC layer information into physical layer leads to a cognitive spectrum sensor whose performance improves over time by learning from accumulating observations.
L. Zhang, Y.-C. Liang, and Y. Xin, “Joint beamforming and power allocation for multiple access channels in cognitive radio networks,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 26, no.1, pp. 38-51, January 2008.
A premier work on single-input multiple-output multiple access channel (SIMO-MAC) for cognitive spectrum sharing where multiple single-antenna secondary users communicate simultaneously to a multi-antenna secondary base station in the presence of multiple single-antenna primary receivers - provides insightful results on the joint beamforming and power allocation design under the transmit power constraint at each secondary transmitter and the interference power constraint at each primary receiver for two distinct objectives: sum-rate maximization and SINR balancing.
G. Bansal, M. J. Hossain, and V. K. Bhargava, “Optimal and suboptimal power allocation schemes for OFDM-based cognitive radio systems,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 7(11): 4710-4718, November 2008.
One premier work on OFDM-based cognitive radio system which investigates the optimal power loading problem to maximize the transmission data rate while maintaining the interference caused to the primary users within a given limit.
L. B. Le and E. Hossain, “Resource allocation for spectrum underlay in cognitive wireless networks," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 5306-5315, December 2008.
This is one of the early papers on rate, power and admission control for cognitive radios using code-division multiple access (CDMA) in spectrum underlay scenarios – considers fairness among cognitive radios.
H. Jiang, L. Lai, R. Fan, and H. V. Poor, “Optimal selection of channel sensing order in cognitive radio,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 297-303, January 2009.
Another important work on multichannel cognitive MAC protocol in a single-user scenario - provides a dynamic programming-based solution for optimal channel sensing order for a given number of time slots in the MAC layer considering adaptive modulation at the physical layer. Both the independent and correlated channel occupancy models are considered.
L. Lai, H. El Gamal, H. Jiang and H. Vincent Poor, “Cognitive Medium Access: Exploration, Exploitation and Competition,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 239-253, February 2011.
A significant work on joint rate, power and admission control for cognitive radios in spectrum underlay scenarios – considers a realistic scenario where power allocations for the secondary transmitters are performed based on the average (rather than instantaneous) channel gain estimates while satisfying the target interference constraint violation probability for primary receivers.
R. Zhang, Y.-C. Liang and S. Cui, “Dynamic resource allocation in cognitive radio networks,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 102-114, May 2010.
An important survey on dynamic resource allocation schemes for cognitive radio systems with the interference temperature based spectrum-sharing model. Many new and challenging problems regarding the design of CR systems are formulated and some of the corresponding solutions are shown to be obtainable by restructuring some classic results known for traditional (non-CR) wireless networks.
L. Zhang, Y.-C. Liang, Y. Xin, and H. V. Poor, “Robust cognitive beamforming with partial channel state information,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 4143-4153, August 2009.
This is the first paper addressing a robust beamforming design problem for cognitive radios.
Z. Hasan, G. Bansal, E. Hossain, and V. K. Bhargava, “Energy-efficient power allocation in OFDM- based cognitive radio systems: A risk-return model,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 8(12): 6078-6088, December 2009.
A premier work on energy-efficient power allocation to maximize the expected transmission rate for OFDM-based cognitive radio systems – takes into account the reliability of the available sub-bands (which depends on sensing error and primary user activity), sub-band power constraints, and total allowed interference limit to the adjacent primary user bands.
M. G. Khoshkholgh, K. Navaie, and H. Yanikomeroglu, “Access strategies for spectrum sharing in fading environment: Overlay, underlay and mixed,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 1780-1793, December 2010.
This is another pioneering work on the analysis of the ergodic capacity of secondary user system for different spectrum sharing strategies (underlay, overlay, and a hybrid strategy) with one primary user and one secondary user. The analysis reveals that the maximum capacity in a spectrum underlay system can be achieved with reduced signaling complexity where the channel state information between the secondary transmitter and the primary receiver may not be required for power allocation.
N.Nie and C. Comaniciu, “Adaptive channel allocation spectrum etiquette for cognitive radio networks,” in Proc. of First IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN’05), pp. 269-278, November 2005.
This is a premier work on a learning-based distributed and adaptive channel selection method for cognitive radios - proposes a game theoretic framework to analyze the behaviour of selfish cognitive radios.
R. W. Thomas, D. H. Friend, L. A. Dasilva, and A. B. Mackenzie, “Cognitive networks: Adaptation and learning to achieve end-to-end performance objectives,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 51-57, December 2006.
This is one of the early papers describing the motivations, architecture, functionality, and design, and implementation of cognitive networks applicable to both wired and wireless networks. A cognitive process to learn from past decisions and use this learning to influence future behavior is the foundation for such networks.
C. Clancy, J. Hecker, E. Stuntebeck, and T. O’Shea, “Applications of machine learning to cognitive radio networks,” IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 47-52, 2007.
This paper pioneers the use of machine learning techniques in cognitive radio, in contrast to the traditional methods which rely on the policy-based and hard-coded approaches – presents a concrete model of a generic cognitive radio with learning engine.
M. Maskery, V. Krishnamurthy, and Q. Zhao, “Decentralized dynamic spectrum access for cognitive radios: Cooperative design of a non-cooperative game,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 459-469, February 2009.
This is a pioneering work and one among the very early papers on multi-user distributed dynamic spectrum access in a spectrum overlay scenario based on game-theoretic learning. In particular, a carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA) scenario is considered and a game theoretic correlated equilibrium is achieved.
A. He, K. K. Bae, T. Newman, J. Gaeddert, K. Kim, R. Menon, L. Morales-Tirado, J. Neel, Y. Zhao, J. Reed, and W. Tranter, “A survey of artificial intelligence for cognitive radios,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 1578-1592, May 2010.
This is the first comprehensive survey paper on the use of artificial intelligence for cognitive radio networks - reviews different implementations of cognitive radio which are designed based on intelligent algorithms including artificial neural networks (ANNs), metaheuristic algorithms, hidden Markov models (HMMs), rule-based systems, ontology-based systems (OBSs), and case-based systems (CBSs) – also discusses the issues related to the selection of intelligent algorithms (e.g., responsiveness, complexity, security, robustness, and stability).
A. G.-Serrano and L. Giupponi, “Distributed Q-learning for aggregated interference control in cognitive radio networks,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 1823-1834, May 2010.
Deriving the idea of artificial intelligence, this paper considers the problem of aggregated interference management due to multiple cognitive radios. The IEEE 802.22 standard is modeled as the multiagent system where agents are the secondary base-stations supporting and controlling the data transmission of secondary users. The real-time multiagent reinforcement learning (i.e., decentralized Q-learning algorithm) is introduced to manage the aggregated interference. Both complete and partial information cases are evaluated in which the optimal and suboptimal (but good enough) solutions are obtained, respectively. The computational and memory requirements for implementations of these reinforcement algorithms are evaluated.
A. Anandkumar, N.Michael, A. K. Tang, and A. Swami, “Distributed algorithms for learning and cognitive medium access with logarithmic regret,” IEEE JSAC on Advances in Cognitive Radio Networking and Communications, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 781-745, April 2011.
This is a significant work on distributed learning of channel availability statistics and channel access in cognitive radio network which presents distributed channel access policies based on the results on classical multi-armed bandit problem. For these policies, the bounds on the regrets are obtained.
M. van der Schaar and F. Fu, “Spectrum access games and strategic learning in cognitive radio networks for delay-critical applications,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 97, no. 4, pp. 720-740, April 2009.
This is the first paper considering the cognitive radio network for delay-critical applications using game theory and learning algorithm. Previously, the cognitive radio was believed to be useful only for non-real-time applications (e.g., best effort). However, by using the advanced techniques in optimization and artificial intelligence, this paper proves the feasibility of deploying real-time applications (e.g., multimedia) in the cognitive radio network. This paper presents centralized and decentralized spectrum market models based on the stochastic game framework.
V. Tumuluru, P. Wang, and D. Niyato, “A neural network based spectrum prediction scheme for cognitive radio,” in Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC'10), May 2010, pp. 1-5.
H. Vincent Poor, “Repeated auctions with Bayesian nonparametric learning for spectrum access in cognitive radio networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 890-900, March 2011.
This is the first paper adopting the concept of Bayesian nonparametric learning algorithm to optimize the repeated spectrum auction in cognitive radio network. The repeated spectrum auction is used which considers the monitoring and entry costs of the secondary users to bid for the radio resource from the primary users. Since the knowledge of the secondary users to other users is limited due to the distributed environment, the secondary user learns from experience using Bayesian nonparametric belief update scheme and adapts the bidding strategies accordingly. Based on the belief, the secondary user decides to join the auction or not. In addition, the bidding strategy is proved to be optimal.
K. W. Choi and E. Hossain, “Opportunistic access to spectrum holes between packet bursts: A learning-based approach,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 2497-2509, August 2011.
This work presents a novel learning-based approach for dynamic spectrum access by secondary users in a spectrum overlay scenario where the probability of collision with the primary users needs to be bounded. This approach significantly outperforms the traditional listen-before-talk approach.
V.Atanasovski, I.Macaluso, and L. A.DaSilva, “Learning and reasoning in cognitive radio networks,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 1761-1777, Fourth Quarter 2013.
These two papers provide a comprehensive survey for the learning and reasoning techniques from Artificial Intelligence (AI) applied to cognitive radio networks.
I. F. Akyildiz, W.-Y. Lee, and K. R. Chowdhury, “CRAHNs: Cognitive radio ad hoc networks,” Ad Hoc Networks (Elsevier), vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 810-836, July 2009.
Provides a comprehensive survey on multi-hop and ad hoc cognitive wireless networks.
H. Su and X. Zhang, “Cross-layer based opportunistic MAC protocols for QoS provisioning over cognitive radio wireless networks,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 118-129, January 2008.
This paper presents an opportunistic channel access protocol that integrates spectrum sensing at the physical (PHY) layer and packet scheduling at the MAC layer considering MAC layer queueing dynamics.
R. Urgaonkar and M. J. Neely, “Opportunistic scheduling with reliability guarantees in cognitive radio networks,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 766-777, June 2009.
This is a significant work on cross-layer modeling and analysis of single-hop cognitive radio networks. Using stochastic Lyapunov optimization, this paper develops a cross-layer (transport and radio link layers) model for flow control and scheduling of data packets at the secondary transmitters subject to maximum collision constraints for primary users.
Y. T. Hou, Y. Shi, and H. D. Sherali, “Spectrum sharing for multi-hop networking with cognitive radios,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 146-155, January 2008.
This is a premier work on modeling and analysis of joint routing, subband division and scheduling in multi-hop cognitive radio networks.
M. M. Rashid, M. J. Hossain, E. Hossain, and V. K. Bhargava, “Opportunistic spectrum scheduling for multiuser cognitive radio: A queueing analysis,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 8(10): 5259-5269, October 2009.
An important work on cross-layer (PHY-MAC) performance analysis for cognitive radio users in an infrastructure-based dynamic spectrum access environment - considers primary users' activity, CR users' channel activity, bursty traffic arrival pattern at the CR user ends, and correlated channel fading.
F. Akyildiz, Won-Yeol Lee, M. C. Vuran, and S. Mohanty, “A survey on spectrum management in cognitive radio networks,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 40-48, April 2008.
This survey paper outlines the research issues and challenges related to spectrum mobility in the context of spectrum management process for cognitive radio networks.
A. De Domenico, E. C.Strinati, and M. Di Benedetto, “A survey on MAC strategies for cognitive radio networks,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol.14, no.1, pp. 21-44, First Quarter 2012.
The paper provides a comprehensive survey on the MAC protocols for cognitive radio networks. It identifies the fundamental role of the MAC layer, its functionalities, and provides a classification.
Won-Yeol Lee and I. F. Akyildiz, “Spectrum-aware mobility management in cognitive radio cellular networks,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol.11, no.4, pp.529-542, April 2012.
The paper presents a mobility management framework to support diverse mobility events in CR networks. This framework consists of spectrum mobility management, user mobility management, and intercell resource allocation.
L.-C. Wang, C.-W. Wang, and K.-T.Feng, “A queueing-theoretical framework for QoS-enhanced spectrum management in cognitive radio networks,” IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 18-26, December 2011.
This is the first paper that comprehensively models the effects of spectrum handoff and spectrum management methods on the call-level QoS performance of secondary users.
J. Huang, R. Berry, and M. Honig, “Auction-based spectrum sharing,” Mobile Networks and Applications, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 405-418.
A seminal work in this area, this paper adopts the auction theory from economics to analyze the spectrum sharing in a cognitive radio network with spectrum underlay. Two auction mechanisms are proposed, i.e., cognitive radio is charged for received signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) and charged for transmit power. Both auction mechanisms have attractive property that they maximize the social welfare.
D. Niyato and E. Hossain, “Competitive pricing for spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks: Dynamic game, inefficiency of Nash equilibrium, and collusion,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 192-202, January 2008.
One of the very early papers in the area of cognitive network economics and pricing, this paper is a significant contribution towards designing market mechanisms for efficient spectrum allocation and sharing methods. A competitive pricing scheme based on a noncooperative game among multiple primary users is proposed in this paper.
Z. Ji and K. J. R. Liu, “Dynamic spectrum sharing: A game theoretical overview,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 45, no. 5, May 2007.
This paper is an excellent tutorial on the use of game theoretic-models to model the behavior of cognitive radio users with self-interest. With game theory, the dynamic spectrum access can achieve flexibility, efficiency, and fairness. The overview of the game formulation is given which opens the new research direction for cognitive radio network.
F. Wang, M. Krunz, and S. Cui, “Price-based spectrum management in cognitive radio networks,” IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Signal Processing, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 74-87, February 2008.
This is another important work on pricing in cognitive radio networks, which presents a joint power/channel allocation scheme based on a distributed pricing approach. The spectrum allocation is modeled as a noncooperative game, and a price-based iterative water-filling algorithm was introduced to reach the Nash equilibrium solution.
D. Niyato and E. Hossain, “Competitive spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks: A dynamic game approach,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 2651-2660, July 2008.
This paper is an important contribution towards modeling spectrum trading since it considers the dynamic behavior of strategy adaptation of primary users. Through a dynamic game model, it analyzes the convergence and optimality of strategy adaptations.
D. Niyato, E. Hossain, and Z. Han, “Dynamics of multiple-seller and multiple-buyer spectrum trading in cognitive radio networks: A game theoretic modeling approach,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 8, no. 8, August 2009, pp. 1009-1022.
This is the first paper in the literature that models the most general spectrum- trading scenario in a cognitive radio with multiple spectrum sellers and buyers. An evolutionary game model is used for the spectrum selection of secondary users when choosing the primary user (or service providers) to buy spectrum from. A hierarchical game model was presented to obtain the equilibrium solution for the primary users in selecting the spectrum price to maximize their profits given the performance degradation of the primary users due to the sharing available spectrum with the secondary users.
Z. Ji and K. J. R. Liu, “Multi-stage pricing game for collusion-resistant dynamic spectrum allocation," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 182-191, January 2008.
The collusive behavior of users could be a significant threat to efficient dynamic spectrum allocation in a distributed cognitive radio network. This paper presents a systematic approach to avoid collusion in cognitive radio. The spectrum allocation with multiple selfish legacy spectrum holders and unlicensed users is modeled as a multi-stage dynamic game, and a pricing-based distributed collusion-resistant spectrum allocation approach is used to optimize overall spectrum efficiency.
R. Chen, J.-M. Park, and J. H. Reed, “Defense against primary user emulation attacks in cognitive radio networks,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 25-37, January 2008.
In cognitive radio, it is important to distinguish between the signals from primary and secondary users. Especially, in a hostile environment, the attacker may use a modified air interface of a cognitive radio to imitate the signal of primary users making secondary user unable to access the spectrum. This paper systematically shows that the aforementioned attack can result in severe interference and significantly reduce spectrum utilization. To solve the problem, it proposes a transmitter verification scheme, namely LocDef (localization-based defense) scheme, which is able to identify whether the signal is from primary user or not by using an estimated location of a transmitter (i.e., based on non-interactive localization technique) and characteristics of the signal itself.
R. Chen, J.-M. Park, Y. T. Hou, and J. H. Reed, “Toward secure distributed spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 50-55, April 2008.
This is a pioneering work on mitigating the security threats such as the incumbent emulation and spectrum sensing data falsification threats in cognitive radio networks, which can degrade the performances of distributed spectrum sensing. In particular, an attacker (e.g., malicious secondary user) tries to gain the priority over other secondary users by transmitting signals emulating that of primary user (i.e., incumbent emulation) or reporting the false spectrum sensing (i.e., spectrum sensing data falsification). In this paper, the defending methods against these attacks are introduced. For an incumbent emulation attack, the signal verification method is proposed. For a spectrum sensing data falsification attack, a robust data fusion method is proposed.
T. C. Clancy and N. Goergen, “Security in cognitive radio networks: Threats and mitigation,” in Proc. of 3rd International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CrownCom 2008), pp. 1-8, May 2008.
Provides a comprehensive investigation on the security in cognitive radio networks. The cognitive radio devices could wrongly learn from environment and be taught by malicious activities. This paper illustrates how various attacks (e.g., sensory manipulation attacks against policy radios, belief manipulation attacks against learning radios, and self-propagating behavior leading to cognitive radio viruses) can utilize this approach. To address the problem, the common sense policy can be included in wireless devices to avoid learning the manipulated environment by the attacker.
The paper provides a comprehensive survey of security threats and the corresponding detection techniques. The focus is on the cognitive capability and reconfigurability. Threats related to the cognitive capability include attacks that mimic primary transmitters, and transmission of false observations related to spectrum sensing. Reconfiguration can be exploited by attackers through the use of malicious codes installed in cognitive radios.
H. Li and Z. Han, “Catch me if you can: An abnormality detection approach for collaborative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 9, no.11, pp. 3554-3565, November 2010.
This work considers the problem of malicious secondary users deliberately sending false reports to gain access of the spectrum. It proposes an abnormality-detection approach which does not rely on the knowledge of attacker's strategy, and hence suitable for a practical cognitive radio system. This approach is based on the analysis of report history of all secondary users. This history is organized in a high-dimensional space so that the abnormalities can be possibly detected.
H. Li and Z. Han, “Dogfight in spectrum: Combating primary user emulation attacks in cognitive radio systems part II: Unknown channel statistics,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 3566-3577, November 2010.
This is another important work on primary user emulation attack, which develops a defense strategy against this attack considering the uncertainties in the channel statistics. In particular, the adversarial multi-armed bandit algorithm is modified to obtain the optimal defense strategy using the experience of spectrum access.
Z. Gao, H. Zhu, S. Li, S. Du, and X. Li, “Security and privacy of collaborative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks,” IEEE Wireless Communications, vol.19, no.6, pp.106-112, December 2012.
The paper introduces a new kind of privacy vulnerability in cognitive radio. This is related to attacks in collaborative sensing, which are expected to compromise secondary users’ location privacy by correlating their sensing reports and their physical locations.
A. Attar, H. Tang, A. V. Vasilakos, F. R. Yu, and V. C. M. Leung, “A survey of security challenges in cognitive radio networks: Solutions and future research directions,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 100, no. 12, pp. 3172-3186, Dec. 2012.
The paper presents a comprehensive list of major known security threats within a cognitive radio framework. It classifies the attacks based on the type of attacker, namely, exogenous (external) attackers, intruding malicious nodes, and greedy cognitive radios.
T. Chen, H. Zhang, G. M. Maggio, and I. Chlamtac, “CogMesh: A cluster-based cognitive radio network,” in Proc. of 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks(DySPAN’07), pp. 168-178, April 2007.
This paper shows how the principles of cognitive radio can be also used in multi-hop wireless mesh networks - proposes a cluster-based dynamic channel allocation framework for cognitive wireless mesh networks taking the issues of interference and coexistence with primary users into account.
J. Wang, M. Ghosh, and K. Challapali, “Emerging cognitive radio applications: A survey,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 74-81, March 2011.
Provides comprehensive survey on the emerging cognitive radio applications (e.g., smart grid communications, public safety, and broadband cellular to medical applications). This paper provides a high-level detail on how to adopt cognitive radio into such applications, related challenges and some solution approaches. Also, it presents some standardization processes related to adopting cognitive radio in various applications.
G. Gür, S. Bayhan, and F. Alagöz, “Cognitive femtocell networks: An overlay architecture for localized dynamic spectrum access,” IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 62-70, Aug. 2010.
An important work on the application of cognitive radio concepts in the evolving femtocell networks - proposes a femtocell-based cognitive radio architecture for enabling multitiered opportunistic access in next-generation hierarchical cellular wireless networks.
G. Gür and F. Alagöz, “Green wireless communications via cognitive dimension: An overview,” IEEE Network, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 50-56, March-April 2011.
An interesting work on applications of cognitive radio concepts in the context of green communications. Two approaches are discussed, i.e., applying cognitive radio to achieve energy efficiency and developing energy efficiency for cognitive radio systems. The paper introduces the different techniques in achieving energy efficiency in wireless systems and how to apply those techniques in cognitive radio.
This paper introduces the design of a software-defined radio from a low-power ADC perspective. The design is based on the windowed integration sampler and clock-programmable discrete-time analog filters. By using the low-noise amplifier (LNA) and a wide tuning-range synthesizer, the wideband RF front-end can operate on any frequency between 800MHz and 6GHz. The wideband LNA can achieve a good performance (e.g., 18-20dB of maximum gain). The performance evaluation is performed on the GSM and 802.11g standards.
J. Mitola III, “Software radio architecture: A mathematical perspective,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 514-538, April 1999.
This is the very first paper on cognitive radio which provides the details of a multiband/multimode and a plug-and-play programmable software radio architecture – also presents a mathematical model to analyze software radio based on the Turing machine.
A. A. Abidi, “The path to the software-defined radio receiver,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 954-966, May 2007.
This is the first paper surveying the design methodologies for constructing flexible software-defined radio receiver for cognitive radio – discusses the design for a digital front-end with a wideband low noise amplifier and a tunable mixer. The proposed receiver can work in any band from 800MHz to 6GHz with any bandwidth to provide flexibility for cognitive radio applications.
D. Cabric, I. D. O'Donnell, M. S.-W. Chen,and R. W. Brodersen, “Spectrum sharing radios,” IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 30-45, 2006.
This is an early paper on design and implementation of an UWB cognitive radio for high data rate communications with very low transmission power. The design of ultra-low power baseband, impulse-UWB transceiver front-end, and digital backend implementation are discussed. In addition, the paper reports a test-bed implementation based on the Berkeley Emulation Engine 2 (BEE2).
S. M. Mishra, D. Cabric, D. Chang, D. Willkomm, B. van Schewick, S. Wolisz, and B. W. Brodersen, “A real time cognitive radio testbed for physical and link layer experiments,” in Proc. of First IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN’05), pp. 562-567, 8-11 November 2005.
This is the first paper introducing a real-time cognitive radio test-bed for physical and link layer experiments. This test-bed is based on the Berkeley Emulation Engine 2 (BEE2), which is a multi-FPGA emulation engine. Using BEE2, the test-bed can connect to 18 radio front-ends, and these front-ends can be set to be the primary and secondary users in various test scenarios. In addition, by using FPGA, the test-bed can simultaneously operate multiple radios, suitable for complex experiments and performance studies of high-speed low latency links.
K. Hong, S. Sengupta, and R.Chandramouli, “SpiderRadio: A cognitive radio implementation using IEEE 802.11 components,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 2105-2118, November 2013.
This paper presents the implementation of a cognitive radio MAC using IEEE 802.11-based off-the-shelf components. The fundamental tradeoff between complexity and network performance is studied. For researchers interested in implementation of a cognitive radio system, this paper would be useful.
C. Cordeiro, K. Challapali, D. Birru, and N. S. Shankar, “IEEE 802.22: The first worldwide wireless standard based on cognitive radios,” in Proc. of First IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks(DySPAN’05), pp. 328-337, 8-11 November 2005.
This is the first paper that discusses about the IEEE 802.22 standard for wireless regional area networks (WRANs). This paper provides both technical and business perspectives of the standard. An overview of 802.22 architecture (e.g., topology, entities, and connections), its requirements (e.g., service capacity, service coverage, physical and MAC layer details), applications, and coexistence issues (e.g., antenna, TV and wireless microphone sensing and protection) are discussed.
C. Stevenson, G. Chouinard, Z. Lei, W. Hu, S. Shellhammer, and W. Caldwell, “IEEE 802.22: The first cognitive radio wireless regional area network standard,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 47, no. 1, pp.130-138, January 2009.
This is the first paper providing a comprehensive discussion on the IEEE 802.22 standard for wireless regional area networks (WRANs) and compares with 802.16e.
F. Granelli, P. Pawelczak, R. Venkatesha Prasad, K.P. Subbalakshmi, R. Chandramouli, J.A. Hoffmeyer, and S. Berger, “Standardization and research in cognitive and dynamic spectrum access networks: IEEE SCC 41 efforts and open issues,” IEEE Communications Magazine, January 2010.
This is the first paper presenting a comprehensive review of the standardization activities in cognitive radio and dynamic spectrum access. The paper focuses on the IEEE P1900 and IEEE SCC (standards coordinating committee) 41 for the dynamic spectrum access networks. The relationship of IEEE SCC 41 with other standard entities including IEEE 802.22 and some open issues (e.g,. regulation and testing, system design and networking, and security) are also discussed.
S. Filin, H. Harada, H. Murakami, and K.Ishizu, “International standardization of cognitive radio systems,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol.49, no.3, pp.82-89, March 2011.
This paper reviews major standardization efforts on cognitive radio networks including those from International Telecommunication Union, IEEE, European Telecommunications Standards Institute, and European Association for Standardizing Information and Communication Systems.
M. Murroni et al., “IEEE 1900.6 spectrum sensing interfaces and data structures for dynamic spectrum access and other advanced radio communication systems standard: Technical aspects and future outlook,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 49, no. 12, pp. 118 - 127, December 2011.
This is an extensive review paper on the IEEE 1900.6 standard focusing on the technical details of spectrum sensing interfaces and data structure for dynamic spectrum access. The relationship of the IEEE 1900.6 standard with other standardization efforts (e.g., CogNeA ECMA 392, ETSI DTR/RRS-01003/02004, and 3GPP-LTE) is also discussed.


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The Pickens office is staffed by three assistant district attorneys, an investigator, three legal assistants, and a victim advocate. The Pickens office prosecutes cases in superior, probate, juvenile, and magistrate courts. In 2013, the Pickens office received 328 new cases and closed 290 cases involving 328 defendants. These numbers do not include probate, magistrate, and juvenile cases.
The Pickens office is located on the First Floor of the Pickens County Courthouse at 50 N. Main Street in Jasper.

industry_corpus2: Law & Justice


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Asfeld is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.
Content on this page is licensed under CC-BY-SA from the authors of the following Wikipedia pages: List of twin towns and sister cities in France, Asfeld. Note that the data on Wikipedia is highly unreliable. In many cases, sister cities are missing or wrongly listed. Some cities also have different levels of partnership. If you find an error, please make a correction on the relevant Wikipedia pages and cite your sources.


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The members of the so-called Shannon Fishery Partnership are meeting in Killaloe today for their annual Christmas dinner. On this day it really is time to call a day on this failed group – which has descended into little more than a back-slapping junket for those involved.
This group has achieved nothing significant since it was formed in 2011 with salmon runs on the Shannon currently less than 5% of the conservation escapement target, and no credible plan for addressing the fish passage problems. Catch and release salmon angling is banned while ESB continue their hydroelectric operations on the river without restriction. Traditional eel fishing is also prohibited, but the ESB still kill thousands of silver eels every month at their turbines. Elver migration has been effectively blocked and it was exposed in 2014 that the ESB were not even operating an elver trap. But this was covered-up by ESB and IFI with a ridiculous claim that the traps were down for “just two hours maintenance” – which went unchallenged by this incompetent group.
This year the ESB prioritized installing a boom in the tailrace – to prevent proper independent scrutiny of their elver trapping efforts – rather than completing agreed elver trap upgrades. In the long lunch today at Killaloe issues such as fish passage and reviewing water management in the Lower River Shannon SAC will be a million miles away.
It is time to now disband this failed group and its junkets, and replace it with an effective, democratic and transparent agency to restore the salmon runs on the River Shannon, eel stocks in the Shannon lakes, and the conservation status of the Lower River Shannon SAC.


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 AUSTIN – The Southwest Crossing development, located at the northwest corner of Hwy. 290 and MoPac in Southwest Austin at 5100 W. Hwy. 290, is up and running with about six tenants currently operating out of it and plenty of room for more.
The nearly 30,000-sf, four-story building can accommodate various types of businesses; however, the developer, Development 2000, is gearing most of its tenant recruitment toward medical companies.
Construction on the building began November 2016.
Check out more retail stories across Texas.


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Forget tin cans and strings. These days, kids can call each other with their voice-activated wristphones.
The gadget is called the Tinitell. The Swedish team behind it calls it the “world's smallest wearable phone designed for kids” and has raised $104,829 for it on Kickstarter — beating its $100,000 goal with 21 days to go.
Kids can make a phone call by simply pressing down the big button in the middle and calling out a name, like "Dad.” Tinitell can also accept phone calls and forward calls to smartphones outfitted with a special app.
To mitigate the creepy factor, Tinitell lets parents set who is allowed to call the phone. Plus it has GPS for tracking your kid, a much more convenient and less humiliating alternative to the child leash.
Right now it's only available through pre-order via a pledge on Kickstarter.
With a suggested retail price of $179, parents will be glad to know it is supposedly water-proof and sandbox-proof.
Tinitell is not the first wearable smartphone for kids. FiLIP also lets parents talk to and track their kids, using a touchscreen instead of voice recognition. (It can also accept text messages).
Sadly, the retail price won't include voice plans. Tinitell recommends pre-paid plans, just in case Timmy is tempted to spend hours on the phone talking about Spider-Man.
While it's mainly being marketed to kids, the company noted that Tinitell could "appeal to grown-ups seeking a basic wristphone for rugged outdoor activities." Remember to add that to your list, lumberjacks: leather boots, ax and a child-sized, aqua-colored wristband.


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For the last few years, it has been my mission to read through as many Japanese books about anime as possible, with special concentration on personal testimonies from the animators themselves. And I have been annotating as I go. For some reason, many of the people who write books about anime are allergic to indices, so I have been writing my own, of dozens upon dozens of memoirs and biographies, in order to build up a picture of the way the anime business looks to the people who actually work in it. The concordance is currently at 230 typed pages, although I think it will hit 300 before I am done. The work has functioned as a sort of audit of what people think they know about the business they work in, and has allowed me to chart several memes and misconceptions from their birth through to their establishment as industry lore.
And so my neck-deep wade through Japanese-language books on anime has continued, most recently with the NTT collection of scholarly essays Anime in Transition (or Anime Across Borders? or Anime Transnational?). The book is something of a landmark, forming an entire volume of the eight-part Japanese Film is Alive series from Iwanami Shoten, and hence perhaps redeeming anime as just as reasonable a field of study as, say, documentary, performance or audience. Notably, however, five of the eleven chapters in the book are written by foreign authors, with the likes of Marc Steinberg, Thomas Lamarre and Hu Tze-yue providing commentary and perspectives that the Japanese seem unwilling or unable to provide themselves. Is Japanese academia on animation really that lacking in local heroes, or is this a form of auto-orientalism, with the Japanese lapping up foreign attention as a means of validating their own interests in such an unlikely, unloved field as animation studies?
I’d believe it if NTT Shuppan had not answered within the year with an all-Japanese collection. There is no question about the anime book of the year 2011 — that award surely goes to Anime Studies, edited by Mitsuteru Takahashi and the omnipresent Nobuyuki Tsugata. Anime Studies contains ten chapters of detailed commentary on many interesting areas in the anime field, including education, intellectual property and national animation policy. The authors include academics, but also producers and directors, most notably with a chunky section from Ryosuke Takahashi about Tezuka’s anime “revolution”. Anime Studies is the book to which I wish every Western scholar had access, laden with charts and diagrams explaining the way that modern anime works, but also with informed references to peripheral areas, and, that greatest rarity in books on anime, a functional index.
Anime directors continued to be feted with studies and analysis, notably in books about Kenji Kamiyama and the journeyman director Keiichi Hara, now enjoying a new-found fame thanks to his breakout feature Colorful. This has also been a good year for books that analyse anime from the perspective of a producer or manager. Six years after he penned a guide to the anime business, Hiromichi Masuda writes an all-new account of the same subject, incorporating the wild ride of changes since the 2006 production peak. Meanwhile, Kinema Junpo jumps on the bandwagon with books on the below-the-line squabbles that get anime made in the first place including How to Make a Hit “Mundane” Anime and On the Job of the Anime Producer. Meanwhile, Yuichiro Oguro publishes the long-awaited second volume of his Anime Creator Interviews, collating material originally run in Animage at the beginning of the last decade.
You’ll notice, perhaps, that many of the books have dully typographical covers. In a country where Japanese studios will often charge magazines even for illustrations used to accompany rave reviews, the studios are often their own worst enemies when it comes to picture sourcing. I am pleased to note that the current crop of Japanese academics and scholars have simply given up playing the studios’ game, and instead published the texts that they want to publish, without bending over for outrageous fees or assenting to textual tampering — here’s a hello to the idiot who tried to get us to lie about the production details of his company’s movie in the Anime Encyclopedia, and who tried to use image access as the lure to make us cooperate. Anime is, assuredly, a visual medium, but I would much rather have good books published without pictures than see compromised picture-books, defanged of all their interesting content.
There is still a good deal of pretension awash in the anime field. Ani Kuri 15 DVD x Material is an infuriatingly packaged book of interviews and storyboards from the short series of NHK commercials made to order by creatives including the late Satoshi Kon, as well as Yasufumi Soejima and Shinji Kimura. Which is all very well, but it comes with a tight yet flimsy paper wraparound that is sure to tear after a single use, and includes an origami robot by way of apology.
Other books I’ve read this year have included Yuka Minakawa’s two-volume account of the “rise and fall” of Tezuka’s Mushi Production, although the fall is bundled into the final few pages. Like Eiichi Yamamoto’s much-cited 1989 Rise & Fall of Mushi Pro, the book is presented in fictionalised form, although Minakawa presents detailed references, usually to DVD sleeve-note interviews and other ephemera that might elude the more traditional scholar. I also found much of interest in Makoto Misono’s 1999 Complete Book of TV Animation, a forerunner of the Anime Studies collection that diligently attempted to create an institutional memory for television cartoons more than a decade ago. I think I bought it when working on the first edition of the Anime Encyclopedia, but I haven’t properly gone through it till now. I also stumbled across Masaki Tsuji’s long out-of-print The Youth of TV Anime, a memoir of the 1960s and 1970s by the scriptwriter of, among other things, Astro Boy, Star of the Giants and Sazae-san. It’s the last that interests me in particular, since the studio that made Sazae-san has never really had to try since. Go on: see if you can name it without opening a book or another window. It’s not all that famous, despite making Japan’s highest-rated and longest-running cartoon. Whereas other studios have to push and flash and bluster to get attention, the studio that makes Sazae-san just motors along on a job that is essentially below-the-line… certainly below the notice of many foreign fans.
In this periodic round-up, which I have previously run in 2010 and 2009, it’s usually my habit to talk about the English-language books on anime that come my way. In many cases this year, I have already reviewed them elsewhere, such as this piece on the excellent Ladd and Deneroff memoir of early anime in America. I’ve also written a glowing review of Iwao Takamoto’s autobiography, but that won’t appear until later in 2012. In others, I simply haven’t got round to them, since the Japanese-language books are prioritised ahead of them. In a couple of others, I have read them, although they were so awful that I cannot bring myself to even name them. One was an academic account so up itself as to be entirely impenetrable, including an interview with a Japanese creator who actually tells the author to piss off and talk to someone else. The other was a seemingly self-published witter about divinity in anime, by a man who couldn’t even spell Wikipedia, even as he cited it.
It’s taken me a while to get to Astro Boy and Anime Come to the Americas, thanks largely to a £30 cover price. But I got there in the end, and my review of it is now up on the Manga UK blog. It’s great to have such solid information from Fred Ladd about the first ten years of the anime localising business, although I can live without the latter half of the book and its vague hand-waving about what happened next. That said, it’s still worth every penny, if only for the 100 pages of golden testimony about the way in which Japanese cartoons were treated in the TV industry of the 1960s and early 1970s.


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Are you fond of Qawwalis and Sufi music? then Kunzums travel Cafe has got it covered for you. The famous Nizami brothers are all set to perform live at Kunzums Travel Cafe in Gurgaon and the event is nothing less than a rendezvous of music and divinity.
This musical evening would leave you spellbound and would be dominated by many moments of awe as you sit there amidst the peaceful setting of the Kunzums cafe, a bonfire to keep you warm and freshly baked cookies and tea to keep you filled.
Book Yourselves now celebrate Republic Day at the Kunzums Travel Cafe.
Where I Kunzums Travel Cafe, A40, Kibithu Villas Complex, Sector 47, Gurgaon.

industry_corpus2: Travel & Geography


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Can't create polygon geometry smaller than 0.003 degrees?
I have a need to automate the creation of many evenly spaced square polygons, each 0.0021 decimal degrees in size. I did it in ArcPython using an array of Point objects. When I make each side of a square 0.0035 decimal degrees, everything works fine. When I make each size 0.0025 (or less) nothing shows up. This variable is the "diff" variable in my code below. Doing "Zoom to layer" zooms out to full extent of the coordinate system.
Any ideas why I can't make polygons features smaller? I thought to check the vertices of the output, but I don't have ArcInfo so I can't use Feature Vertices to Points.


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I am a MA in New Media student at the Media Lab at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finnland.
I graduated from film school in the UK in 2011 and chose to specialise in 3D modelling and compositing for films and games.
I am a designer and video artist, wanting to create socio-critical projects in multidisciplinary collaboration.


text: On Friday August 25th, Boone “The Super Saiyan” Blair came out victorious at his Strike League pro debut. As the bell sounded, Boone came out looking calm and composed against his opponent, and about 1 minute and 42 seconds into the fight Boone delivered a solid counter right-hand that dropped his opponent to the ground, as his opponent went down Boone immediately capitalized and delivered several more rights in the ground and pound position until the referee called a stoppage to the fight. On top of wining his pro debut, Boone also received KO of the night!!! Congratulations to Boon and the team, and thanks to all the family and friends and teammates that came out to show their support. Boone’s win via strikes is another testament as to why Brazilian Fight Factory’s Ambush Muay Thai program is the place to be for Muay Thai in central TX.

industry_corpus2: Sports


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Creators University by "Garfield Creator"
Creators University is a group created by Garfield Creator featuring exclusive projects and tools for 2.0 & 3.0 Networks. It is one of the few groups that provides revenue sharing with its members.
NEW MEMBER APPROVAL, LONGEST WAIT TIME IS 24 HOURS. Group where Network Creators can discuss Ning Networks, Business, & Exchange Ideas. This is a private Group, to insure privacy from non-members. If you have not been invited, request an invite.
Group where fellow Ning Network Creators can assist and brainstorm on good alternative Social Networking solutions, to Ning.
We'd all love to hear about your Social Community/Network. Tell us about it. What's your purpose/theme? Your aspirations? Your Ambitions? Your Accomplishments?
This Group contains archived Ning Tips. To add a new tip, please go here: Add Ning Tips & Tricks To view new Ning Tips go here: Ning Tips & Tricks Forum.


text: Beautiful Light Open & Spacious Floor Plan. Fully Fenced Large Yard on a corner lot! Kitchen Opens To Fam Rm W/Raised Hearth Fp. Clean, move in condition. Don't miss all the updates in this 4BR home in popular Regency by the Lake. Completely open main level with updated kitchen featuring white/gray cabinets, NEW QUARTZ COUNTERTOPS/sink and faucet (will be installed Feb 12th) stainless steel appliances and newly refinished hardwoods! NEW HVAC SYSTEM installed in 2016!! Smart lighting.


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The February meeting was postponed because of snow conditions. It has been rescheduled for November 9.
This entry was posted in Meeting archive on March 15, 2017 by hlj.


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Based in Burlington, Massachusetts, Sophos is a company that produces antivirus and encryption products to protect your computers, mobile devices and servers. The company has been in operation for nearly 30 years. It products are used by 100 million people in 150 countries across the globe. An enviable list of the who’s who of businesses have used Sophos products. These companies include Pixar, Under Armor, Xerox, Ford, Avis, Toshiba, Northop Grumman, and more. The company has received favorable reviews from customers and from other third-parties. Sophos also has North American offices in Santa Clara, California, and in Vancouver, British Columbia. The company also maintains support offices in Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Japan and the Philippines.
Sophos provides a lot of great features to help protect your computer. They will scan your computer for harmful intruders at your convenience. There's no need to worry about interruptions while you're busy working on your computer.
Sophos provides protection not just for your desktop Mac computer but also for mobile devices and for servers on a network. It also protects branch offices and remote users connected with a VPN, as well as email, web and Wi-Fi users. This all-purpose protection is perfect for businesses.
Sophos has strong across-the-board protection that you won't find everywhere. With its software you'll have powerful antivirus protection, harmful website filtering and built-in malware scanning. Sophos software also comes equipped with Live Protection, which will give the user detailed information about threats to your device.
You'll also like the encryption and data protection features that come with Sophos solutions. Ideal for businesses that have massive amounts of sensitive data, Sophos can protect data from loss, theft or corruption. The software has a single sign-on feature, along with the ability to manage encryption with your endpoint console.
Businesses will also have peace of mind knowing their employees' devices will be safe from attackers. The software has a secure web gateway component that guards users from threats on the Internet, regardless of whether they are in the office or away from work. The software scans for malicious code, blocks unwanted content on the web, provides web protection at the gateway, filters encrypted HTTPS traffic and blocks proxy abuse.
As email has become such a widespread medium to communicate, Sophos recognizes the importance of protecting it. Sophos will protect email by blocking spam, phishing attacks, viruses, confidential information, as well as help prevent data loss.
No matter your operating system, Sophos has a solution for you. It has firewall, antivirus, patching and updating protection for Macs, Linux and UNIX.
With all of these features, it's nice to know that it is all easily installed and managed from a central point. Administrators can manage the systems from one console. There is also a self-help portal and 24/7 technical support available to assist with questions and concerns.
The user interface is not very intuitive and might take a customer some getting used to. Sophos might be more geared for businesses than for individuals, though there is also a home edition of the software. The variation in price doesn't doesn't give a firm understanding of the products and their cost value.
Sophos provides an antivirus program that is geared towards business owners but can also be useful for consumers as well. From your basic antivirus and malware protection, to data loss protection and security, Sophos has a full range of offerings that will please anyone or any company. Sophos is a top recommended company, particularly for your business needs.
I use Sophos for my MacBook Pro. It has given good service, taken care of problems associated with being online. I would like it to be a little more user friendly for information regarding viruses or malware it has found.