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Safe driving requires undivided attention, however drivers these days are distracted by so many things that the chance of causing, or being part of a car accident is higher than ever. With the introduction, and wide use of smartphone technology the average driver has become even more distracted and hazardous for themselves and others around them.
Nismo which is short for Nissan Motorsport - the high performance division of the Japanese car maker, have come out with a smart car watch which communicates with the vehicle and the driver at the same time. The Nismo watch is multifunctional and gathers and analyses multiple streams of data: it monitors car performance and keeps driver in check with fuel consumption, average speed and other essential vehicle information. The Nismo smart watch actually monitors driver's heart rate and body temperature. This clever device reports your driving activities to your social network friends, upon request of course. The Nismo watch connects to a Nissan made vehicle via Bluetooth. The watch also provides drivers with other useful info like road and traffic conditions ahead, and when the car needs a check-up. Being a safety-first car gadget, the Nismo watch also advises you to slow down when your heart rate climbs too much.
Car gadgets are getting sneakier and cleverer, and this little gem makes no exception. The power converter slash spy camera is a small sized, dashboard mounted device which makes use of motion activated camera and a stack of other features. Such devices are hugely popular in many countries as they allow for unbiased opinion and offer a perfect account of accidents, near misses and other issues faced by motorists. This device has a sufficiently large 32GB hard disk, which records for months on end as the device camera is motion activated. Such cameras can help with insurance claims and fraud, as well as investigation of heavy accidents. There are time and date stamps being projected at all times while recording, plus there is a pretty good low light recording function. The device comes with a lifetime technical support for all customers.
Self-breathalysers have been around for a while, but usually they need to be attached to the vehicle. There is a new self-breathalyser available on the market, which is small as a keychain, and battery operated. The mini-device makes use of a clearly visible LCD display and a traffic light style warning system. Breathing in the device for five seconds will return one of the three readings, where green is good to go, amber is wait before you drive, and red indicating one has had too much to drink i.e. driving is out of the question. The keychain breathalyser is quite accurate and can be the difference between losing and keeping your license, or being in an accident. This low cost, safety-first car gadget is a must have for all drivers.
This safety orientated device is still in the making, and probably won't be installed in cars in the near future, however its mere concept is rather amazing and worthy of sharing: it will help us drive in a heavy rain without us having to strain our eyes at all! The headlight projector is supposed to beam out focused light which aims to remove from view any rain drops lit by a car's headlights. The idea is good as night driving in rain is a hard and sometimes quite risky endeavour; however the device is also receiving mixed responses. The whole set up is indeed quite advanced, yet very delicate and way too technological say car experts. This device can be put to good use, but it is also likely to reduce caution on behalf of drivers in the rain as they will rely on the de-rain projector too much, and disregard their experience and instinct.
Keeping tyre pressure in check is vital for a safe drive, and a handheld digital tyre pressure reader can come in quite handy before and during a road trip. Tyres are an essential feature of any vehicle, as they provide the means of contact between vehicle and road. Overly inflated tyres, as well as flat tyres can be the cause of some nasty surprises. Many new vehicles which have an engine management function to their on-board computer will inform driver of tyre pressure changes automatically.
All these gadgets are safety-orientated, but there is one gadget however which is safety-ensuring, and many people will appreciate having one of these in their car.
The device in question is known as carbon monoxide detector and works much in the same way as smoke detectors for domestic use. The detector monitors gas emissions inside the vehicle's cabin and alerts the driver or passengers of changes in toxic gas levels. Carbon monoxide and dioxide are odourless, colourless yet highly toxic gasses which can cause poisoning or death, in the instance of driving - both. Vehicles with exhaust system issues, as well as older vehicles can expel dangerous amounts of toxic gasses inside the cabin and harm unsuspecting driver and occupants.
There are no guarantees on the road, but being prepared and some common sense can make all the difference. Be careful to arm up with the necessary gear for the road ahead. And while there are really indispensable gadgets, you should learn to discriminate among the different alternatives. Investing in a fun to use gadget does not necessary mean that it would help you while driving. There are certain examples that would actually ruin your concentration and would pose a threat to your safety like for instance the latest fad called Google Glass. A tech savvy fan of the innovative gadget decided that he could both speed and watch Glass - a mistake that fortunate only resulted in him getting a ticket.
So to wrap it up choose your car gadgets wisely - in case they monopolize your attention and require you to take a peek at their screen every once in a while they surely have to go, after all keeping your eyes on the road and avoiding getting into a car accident while on your way to the selected destination is what driving is all about.
Written and published by David Drasnin on behalf of Mr. Douglas R. Horn - an experienced car accident lawyer in Kansas City, Missouri. If you need a consultation after a traumatic car accident, contact HornLaw Injury Lawyers today.
David Drasnin is author at LeraBlog. The author's views are entirely his/her own and may not reflect the views and opinions of LeraBlog staff.


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Looking for novels books? Biblio.co.nz hosts hundreds of of the finest online book stores and booksellers, including specialists in novels. Use the list below to locate a specific specialist bookseller or book store near you. Or, use the form below to search the inventory of all booksellers who specialize in novels.
I'm a professor with more books than I have room to store, and I need extra cash to pay for therapy for my son who has Autism.
Welcome To Castle Hill Books. We are a small group of avid Bookworms, who spend a great deal of our time scouting local shops, estates and sales in search of rare, quality, hard to find books.You will find a huge variety of literature here, careful descriptions, easy transactions and exactly the item you are looking for.
GreenTextbooks.com Saving the Planet One Textbook at a Time GreenTextbooks.com is your online leader for finding used textbooks, DVDs, CDs. Buying used textbooks not only Saves You Money, it also Helps the Environment.
secondhand books in the year 2000.
We sell old, used, rare and artistic books only in french. A few books in english, german, danish and italian. We have a lot of books. Please don't hesitate to contact us for any request.
As an avid book collector myself, I try to find the most unique and unusual books. I will not list anything that I would not purchase for myself.

industry_corpus2: Literature & Emotions


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Villgro is India’s oldest and one of the world’s largest social enterprise incubators. Established in 2001, Villgro incubates early-stage, innovative, for-profit social enterprises in Education, Health, Agriculture and Energy sectors, among others, that have an impact on the lives of the poor.
In a previous post, we discussed social entrepreneurship and its merits. Today, we’re going to look at social entrepreneurs and social enterprises that have been successful in creating social change through commercial initiatives.
As the common motive being social welfare, gradually, many kinds of social enterprises evolved with slight differences – for-profit social venture, non-profit business ventures, socially responsible businesses (Exhibit III).

industry_corpus2: Subject Education


text:
I grew up in Kentucky and have lived in Texas, Boston and New York before settling down in Colorado. I have energetic twin boys and a delightful daughter who are the light of my life. Ask me to see their photos on my nametag and you will see me grin! Outside of work, I am busy building blocks and Magna-Tiles with my engineering boys, baking cupcakes with my daughter to satisfy her sweet tooth, and planning the next family movie night.
I went to medical school because I always wanted to serve patients during difficult, vulnerable times in their lives. I appreciate the value of the individual patient and the teamwork it often takes for a whole family to get their loved one the care he or she needs. Communication and connection with my patients is extremely important to me. I find deep meaning in my work and feel blessed to be able to partner with my patients. I particularly enjoy providing care to breast cancer patients of all ages and focusing on palliative care, helping individuals who are seeking to maximize their quality of life while coping with advanced disease.
My family and I have faced some unusually difficult challenges together, and it has sharpened my focus on the importance of relationships and living in the present moment. I have learned much about the value of empathy, support, connection and cherishing all that I have.

industry_corpus2: Health & Medicine


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Savannah residents take St. Patrick’s Day very seriously.
Even the Army was giving “training holidays” (a.k.a. bonus vacation days) to soldiers. Not my soldier, of course. But he is heading home, and it isn’t yet 5 PM. Wow!
I ran to the grocery store, almost surprised to find it open. Mary and I were the only people there not wearing green.
The funny thing is that most of the Irish left Savannah a long time ago. I hear it's a great time though.
I didn't wear green either. I just went out of my way not to wear orange, despite the fact that my only spring jacket is orange and it was really too chilly out to go jacketless here in Michigan.
Katie, that's funny – avoiding the orange color. We had a visitor from the netherlands who gave the kids an orange blow-up crown, which was cute. Of course, even though I'm not particularly Irish, I hated that Protestant orange color.

industry_corpus2: Others


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Intended for those willing to discover the best parts of Transylvania’s realms. Our Literary Dracula Tours include unique events such as the live re-enactment of the Ritual of Killing of the Living Dead.
The price represents a deposit for 1 person. This tour package is provided by our parent company, tour-operator, Transylvania Live.
Zona: 7 Days Transylvania tour departing from Bucharest, Ritual of the Killing of the Living dead included!

industry_corpus2: Travel & Geography


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Invasive lionfish hunting in the waters off Eleuthera in the Bahamas.
I remember seeing my first lionfish in the wild. It was on a fairly degraded reef in less-than-sparkling water within site of the capital of a small developing island nation. We’re not talking the type of water clarity you see in the live-aboard brochure or on National Geographic specials. I recall feeling not at all at ease—the chaotic boat traffic, copious flotsam, ghost fishing gear, and the murky conditions. In the back of my mind, I was thinking about the lack of shoreside diver support—heck, this country didn’t even have a tourist industry, much the less dive tourism.
The small pack of lionfish emerged from the shadowy confines of a coral head rising up from a silt bottom. They were, undoubtedly, majestic but also (I’ll admit now) a little intimidating. Otherworldly perhaps—their spines jutted out like arrayed plumage on the many gratuitously gregarious tropical birds in the rainforested hills behind the low, hulking mass of the capital. The lionfish were at once beautiful and menacing. Majestic and predatory. Clearly “lionfish” is a good name, I remember thinking as I watched the nearest fish’s big eye lock on me. The animal posed absolutely no risk to me—I want to be clear about that—yet I still felt compelled to give it and its compatriots a wide birth.
I’ve seen many more lionfish in the wild since that first experience, and, like many divers, my attitude toward them has shifted somewhat. Seen in their endemic range throughout the Indo-Pacific, they still amaze me, but when spotted on a Florida reef or a wreck of the coast of North Carolina, they elicit an emotion more akin to rage. They don’t belong here, and yet they’re here in huge numbers and with no natural predators. Nobody really knows how many there are, but biologists will tell you there are enough to have already altered the ecosystem—to have severely impacted native fish populations. Lionfish in the Atlantic, throughout the Caribbean, in the Gulf of Mexico, and now established in both Columbia and Venezuela are synonymous with the terms like “injurious” and “invasive” when exotic, feral wildlife is discussed.
Is an Indo-Pacific lionfish loose in the tropical Atlantic really a problem?
Consider what has been published as peer-reviewed science. In the invaded range, lionfish are reaching sizes (almost 50 cm or 20 inches) much larger than in their native range and have been shown capable of reducing the biomass of the native prey fish community by an average of 65%—with some sites reduced by more than 90%.
A lionfish can consume prey larger than half its own body size, and more than 64 prey species have been documented from a single lionfish stomach. Lionfish reproduce year-round in the warmer portions of the invaded range with each female producing around 30,000 eggs per spawning event and as often as every 4 days or so. When confronted with these and other data, most observers agree the lionfish invasion constitutes a problem of massive proportions.
John Halas (Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary), left, and Lad Akins (REEF) with the first lionfish reported and removed from the Florida Keys in January 2009.
“We’ve been heavily involved in this issue for a number of years,” says Lad Akins, Director of Special Projects for Key Largo, Florida-based Reef Environmental Education Foundation (REEF). Founded in 1990, REEF is an organization composed of divers and other marine enthusiasts committed to ocean conservation through contributing to the understanding and protection of marine populations. REEF’s primary tool is essentially citizen science—volunteer fish monitoring and survey work that informs the work of scientists, marine park staff, and the general public.
“Lionfish were one of the non-native species that people started to report in their surveys,” says Akins, “but it really wasn’t until 2004, when we started seeing lionfish in the Bahamas, that we realized this was an expanding and increasing problem. We realized it had the potential to become something pretty serious.” Akins says that’s when REEF started doing more than just casual record-keeping regarding lionfish. Since then, REEF has been “seriously involved” in lionfish education, research and policy.
The trouble is that those effective efforts are really only occurring at popular recreational dive sites. While innovative chefs with an eye toward environmental concerns have turned lionfish into a meal to be appreciated, it’s going to take a lot more lionfish tacos to solve the problem. Building recreational and commercial lionfish food fisheries have been a step in the right direction in harvesting lionfish, but a major problem is that the food fisheries target only the large specimens, while the diver removal focuses only on a limited number of sites. More is needed.
Akins is generally supportive of two identical lionfish bills introduced last week to the Florida Legislature. The bills, which are identical at this point with one filed in the House and the other in the Senate, would ban the importation and aquaculture of all lionfish within the genus Pterois.
Dr. Stephanie Green of Oregon State University documenting lionfish populations, impacts and effectiveness of removal efforts in the Bahamas.
Akins likes the bills because they likely would address the portion of the lionfish population currently overlooked by fishers and recreational divers. Banning the importation of lionfish to the state would, according to many supporters of the bills, remove the primary source of lionfish introductions and encourage the trade in invasive lionfish. A lionfish ban and booming trade in Florida lionfish, so the bills’ backers contend, could create additional economic incentive to get the fish out of the water, while preventing gene pool enrichment from the Indo-Pacific. This would hopefully lead to an inbreeding bottleneck somewhere down the road that could prove wonderfully catastrophic to the invasive population.
The bills address a situation that has some people scratching their heads. You’ve heard the stories of the massive pythons in the Everglades eating their way through indigenous species, right? Some Florida natural resource agency officials, as well as legislators, see the lionfish in much the same light. Many simply think it is ludicrous that animals with the potential to do such harm are legally imported into the state for something as “trivial” as a hobby.
It is legal and common practice for marine aquarium trade operators in Florida to import large numbers of non-native reef species for the aquarium trade. The same is true for trade operators in other states, but, with the exception of Hawaii, none of those other states provide viable habitat for most invasive reef aquarium animals. In Florida, it is generally believed that while several vectors for the introduction of non-native marine life exist, the marine aquarium trade is one of the major sources. A 2009 NOAA publication documents more than 30 non-native marine fish species that have been spotted in Florida waters. Almost all of those are fishes commonly sold for aquarium use.
Some supporters of the two lionfish ban bills believe working with the aquarium trade on lionfish control initiatives could be very productive. In fact, the bills are drafted in such a way that aquarium fishers would be incentivized to harvest greater numbers of invasive lionfish. “Marine life collectors visit areas that are not dived by the recreational dive community,” says Akins, “and their efforts…can also help reduce the populations and impacts of lionfish in non-dived sites.” Further, Akins points out, the aquarium fishery would likely target juvenile lionfish, which both the emerging recreational and commercial food fisheries may pass over.
The Blame Game – What’s Wrong with the Bills?
The idea that a ban on importing or farming lionfish would provide enough incentive to make a dent in Florida’s invasive lionfish population doesn’t hold much water with with Sandy Moore, vice president of Florida-based Segrest Farms. Segrest is one of the largest aquarium trade importers in the country.
“They’re everywhere,” say many divers in Florida and Caribbean waters of exotic lionfish juveniles.
While some say the “how” of the lionfish introduction is really beside the point, others feel it is important to address the root causes of the so-called lionfish invasion, and not everyone agrees with Moore’s assertion that the aquarium trade is not to blame. As Moore points out, it’s been argued for some time that ship ballast water is to blame for the introduction of lionfish in Florida. In this scenario, a ship at an Indo-Pacific port within the native range of the lionfish takes on water for ballast and then pumps that water out once it reaches a destination port in Florida. Whatever was pumped in from the one biogeographic region is then pumped out in another, causing the introduction of non-native species. The ballast argument is so often repeated that it’s become a de facto truth for many, but the plural of anecdote is not data.
While ballast water, as well as shipping in general, has been shown to be the source of several well-documented introductions of non-native species—typically hull fouling organisms, the data do not support ballast water as the likely cause of lionfish introductions to south Florida.
“Ballast water is not thought to be a vector from the native range, as little shipping into South Florida comes from the Indo-Pacific,” says Akins, who has also heard the ballast water argument. “Most ships treat or exchange ballast water prior to entering nearshore waters, and lionfish are not likely to be introduced into ship bilges from their traditional habitat near the bottom, especially since the density of lionfish in the native range is very low.” Peer reviewed scientific literature is clear on this point, and larval fish experts scoff at the notion that lionfish larvae could survive the trip in a dark bilge.
Not everyone in the aquarium trade in Florida thinks the bills are misguided or need significant re-working. “I am personally in support of banning importation of all species [of] lionfish into the U.S.,” says Ben Daughtry, vice president of operations of Marathon-based Dynasty Marine Associates, Inc. Dynasty Marine supplies public aquariums, research institutions and pet stores with marine livestock from Florida and the Caribbean. While Daughtry is also vice president of the Florida Marine Life Association (FMLA), he says FMLA has not yet come out with an official position on the bills.
These concerns are raised almost one year to the day after many aquarists learned of the Invasive Fish and Wildlife Prevention Act (HR 996), a piece of legislation introduced into the U.S. House of Representatives by Rep. Louise Slaughter (D-NY). HR 996 aimed to create an “accepted” or “white list” of common domesticated animals that could be imported and kept legally in the U.S. A likely result, aquarists feared, would be that most animals kept by marine aquarists could be banned. HR 996 never made it out of committee, but many in the marine aquarium trade and hobby remain wary of any legislative initiative that could impact the keeping of reef animals.
Captured juvenile Pterois sp. lionfish, increasingly a target for aquarium trade collectors and “Lionfish Derby” diver competitions.
“Draconian” to Ban the Whole Genus?
At present, only two of the ten species of lionfish in the genus Pterois are considered established and invasive in Florida waters. They are P. miles (commonly called the Common Lionfish, Miles Lionfish or Devil Firefish) and P. volitans (commonly called the Volitan, Volitans or Red Lionfish, although there is also a black color morph that is sometimes imported for the trade). Over 90 percent of the invasive population is made up of P. volitans. The remainder is made up of P. miles. The two species, especially as juveniles, are often misidentified in trade. Other lionfish in the genus that are available in the North American marine aquarium trade include the Mombasa Lionfish (Pterois mombasae), Russell’s Lionfish (Pterois russelli), the Radiata Lionfish (Pterois radiata), and the Antennata Lionfish (Pterois antennata).
The Volitan is by far the most popular species of lionfish for aquarists with recent import data showing that more Volitans are imported for the trade than all the other species combined. Retail prices for juvenile Volitans often begin around $35 with almost twice that much being paid for the so-called Black Volitan. The other lionfish species currently established in Florida waters (P. Miles) can sell for twice what a Volitan costs. The Radiata Lionfish and the Mombasa Lionfish can both fetch upwards of $60-$70, while the Russell’s Lionfish and the Antennata Lionfish frequently retail for under $30. There has been some talk of selling Florida-harvested Volitan Lionfish at a price premium because they are the most sustainable option and may represent greater value to some consumers. It’s more likely, however, that if a ban goes into effect, Florida-harvested lionfish would sell for the same price or less than those imported from the Indo-Pacific, as bringing them to market does not require the same shipping costs but likely will involve higher labor costs.
In addition to the lionfish from the genus Pterois, lionfish commonly called dwarf lionfish from the genus Dendrochirus are also popular in the aquarium trade. Dwarf lionfish imports would not be impacted by the lionfish ban bills as currently written.
USGS map shows the range of reported lionfish reported captures stretching from the southern Caribbean to New England, where the Gulf Stream seasonally carries juveniles north.
About a decade ago, Forrest Young, founder and director of Dynasty Marine, sat on a Florida Department of Agriculture Task force which looked at the potential threat posed by marine exotic species. “Not one of the biologists there,” Young said, “including some fairly high-ranked State of Florida guys…predicted the extent of the spread of this species and the rapidity of the spread.” While Young has not read the bills yet, he agrees banning all of the species in the genus is probably a good idea.
“I’d agree to ban the import of any more species of lionfish until we are sure that the escapement vector for additional species and their ability to survive and reproduce here is not as risk prone.” Based on his experience rearing similar species of fish, Young believes any of the Pterois species could easily be as invasive as the Volitans.
Reportedly delicious, lionfish is appearing in US and Caribbean fish markets and is the subject of a number of new cooking guides, such as this offering from REEF.
Akins’ approach is more nuanced than both Daughtry’s and Raschein’s. “I think it comes down to singling out species that have never been found in Florida waters and the resulting impacts to the aquarium trade and to pet owner freedoms,” he says. “The only Pterois documented in the Western Atlantic have been the two invasive species.” Akins says he knows of no assessment conducted to date to determine the level of risk of the other members of the genus, even though several of them appear regularly in the aquarium trade.
Now that the lionfish ban bills are in the legislative pipeline, it’s time for all stakeholders to get to know the bills and to comment on them. In addition to addressing the issue regarding whether the entire genus should be banned, many who have looked at the bills also believe some of the language concerning imports should be changed. For example, some argue it should be legal, if not encouraged, to import invasive lionfish harvested in Georgia or the Carolinas if that will help create incentive to collect them there. The same would be true with imports from other Caribbean countries with invasive populations of lionfish, such as Haiti.
Most advocacy and industry groups, as well as state agencies contacted for this article said they are not yet familiar enough with the bills to voice their support on the record. In off-the-record discussions with individuals representing key stakeholder groups, however, it seems clear at this point that there will be a lot of support for a legislative ban on lionfish imports and aquaculture. Two places where important opposition may arise may be from FMLA and the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council (PIJAC), who both did not officially respond to inquiries before publication. Sources close to both of those groups expressed the potential for broader trade concerns beyond just needing to dot the i’s and crossing the t’s, but discussions are ongoing at this point.
Speared lionfish from a REEF-sponsored derby in Florida.
Years after my first wild lionfish encounter in the Pacific, I found myself talking to a spearfisher sitting on the gunwale of a skiff off the coast of Florida. “We killed it today,” he said, referring to the stringer of recently speared lionfish at his feet. “I just hope it’s enough,” and by “enough,” I took it to mean “enough to win.” Spearfishing tournaments targeting lionfish have become popular in recent years with awards and cash prizes for the biggest and most lionfish killed.
The bigger question is will it be possible to remove enough lionfish to reverse the ecosystem-wide effects of having an invasive species on the loose, especially one that has proven such an effective predator of native species. At this point in time, eradication remains little more than a pipe dream for most, but getting the problem under control seems a bit more realistic. Akins has pointed out how recreational divers have had a demonstrable impact on popular dive sites. Raschein believes commercial fishing for lionfish can become more efficient, and more can be done to build local markets for lionfish as food fish. Moore has said that Segrest Farms is already harvesting lionfish from state waters, and hopefully larger markets for Florida lionfish can be developed and cultivated.
While Akins agrees in principle with stiffer penalties, he thinks the likelihood of catching someone releasing a non-native is pretty small. “It’s sad but true,” he says. “One thing the ban will do,” he continues, “is eliminate the potential of new genetic stock being introduced from the native range.” If no aquarium trade business or personal aquarist in Florida possesses an Indo-Pacific lionfish, the genetic stock in Florida waters will be limited, and Akins thinks this could be an essential component, along with an increased food and aquarium fishery, to getting the lionfish invasion under control.
Of course even with a ban on importation in place in Florida, that doesn’t stop an aquarist in Georgia legally buying, keeping and then (illegally) releasing an Indo-Pacific lionfish into the wild a stone’s throw north of the Florida state line. Perhaps that’s a discussion for another day.
Wonderful article. You really captured the diversity of opinions about this subject. Thanks!
Little late to ban Lionfish imports, isn’t it? They are already there en masse.
The invasion could be made worse if a public aquarium with open systems connected to the ocean breeds new lion fish which were imported in a display designed to show tourist about the issue. The newly imported fish could send larvae into the ocean and strengthen the genetic diversity of the local, currently inbreeding, populations. The same strength could come if a new ship dumps a ballast full of larvae that came from the Indo-Pacific.
Awesome article and a sad testament to the irresponsible actions of some in the aquarium hobby. The problem with banning imports of a certain species is that it won’t stop further introductions of others. As the anonymous aquarist in the article mentions, stiff penalties are in order for releasing any non-native species, aquatic or not. And pet stores should be required to post large signs and inform every purchaser of livestock as to the impact of release and penalties involved.
Darren I believe you are missing part of the point. It is not a fact that aquarium hobbyist are to blame for the Lionfish invasion, just one of many theories. It is possible that shipping companies and public aquariums could also be to blame.
Great analysis of a complex problem. The objective here is not to “punish” the aquarium trade (irrespective of whether or not it is the cause of the invasion), but to make it part of the solution. Research is confirming that active removals of lionfish in the invasive range does result in recovery of native fish populations. But for removal efforts to be successful (and more importantly, economically sustainable), a range of stakeholders need to be involved, particularly those that can reap commercial benefits (fishers, restaurants, etc.). Live capture for sale to aquarists is another vertical market that meets this criteria. What isn’t clear is whether importation from invaded range will be allowed, or whether demand will need to be met exclusively from the United States. I would hope that imports from the Caribbean and Central America will be not only permitted, but indeed promoted.
From the above article, "preventing gene pool enrichment from the Indo-Pacific. This would hopefully lead to an inbreeding bottleneck somewhere down the road that could prove wonderfully catastrophic to the invasive population." The invasion could be made worse if a public aquarium with open systems connected to the ocean breeds new lion fish which were imported in a display designed to show tourist about the issue. The newly imported fish could send larvae into the ocean and strengthen the genetic diversity of the local, currently inbreeding, populations. The same strength could come if a new ship dumps a ballast full of larvae that came from the Indo-Pacific.

industry_corpus2: Agriculture & Fisheries


text: The Ohmite CP4 series Liquid Coldplates are designed for Ohmite heatsinkable type resistors, such as TAP600, TAP800, TA1K0, TA2K0, and various SOT-227 resistor packages. The CP4 series also provides maximum heat removal for SCRs, rectifiers, diodes, thyristors, and other high-power semiconductor devices. The CP series is customizable to fit multiple applications. Length and mounting hole patterns can be specified. Each CP4 chillplate offers over 19 sq inches of mounting area for your components.

industry_corpus2: Computing & Telecommunications


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Here we have a collection of stories told from the perspective of the young. The narrators seem to believe in their ability to overcome the death and fear which surrounds them. Their wishful thinking wounds me in its futility.
One of them thinks he will be able to buy a glass eye for his father; at the end of the story we learn the son must wear a glass eye after losing his in a game where a ball strikes him in the head. My sorrow for him is mitigated by the fact that he wanted to sell his deaf twin brother to get the money for his father’s eye.
Another father who plays the gramophone in a bar loses both his arms when a bomb strikes. He asks his son to give him one of his arms, for him being reduced to one is better than the father having none.
In “Biscuit”, a son drives his mother to a care-home, not because she has Alzheimer’s, “but to make sure she goes on believing the biscuit story.” A story he told her when an elderly man was killed at an intersection as they were passing through. The fantastic story he told involved this man “hopping nimbly between the vehicles, avoiding one car, dodging and weaving, whirling around, spinning like a wheel, doing splits and throwing feeble punches.” Whenever the old man touched the side of a car, he would turn it into a biscuit. Making it much more palatable a situation, of course, than the man spinning futively to his death.
“Aquarium” is about a clot of blood, which could or could not be a foetus. The couple loves it, and names it Munir, and keeps it in an aquarium. Of course there had to be such a story, in times like these when people don’t seem to know when life starts.
As you can see, not all of the stories are about war, although most of them are. They are interesting, and bizarre, but not nearly as dreadful as Samanta Schweblin’s collection reviewed earlier.
It’s interesting that two of the thirteen books on the long list are short stories. I always think the novel has so much more power.
I’ll make this short, as I don’t like to disparage authors or their hard work. Also, I sent my opinion out in Twitter and Instagram, so you may already know this.
I didn’t like A Mouthful of Birds.
This collection of short stories had an auspicious beginning. The first story, “Headlights”, tells of a bride abandoned by her husband while she’s still in her wedding dress standing by the side of a road. One has the idea that the field nearby is filled with abandoned brides who are screaming; near the end, a trail of headlights are seen coming back.
Another story, “Preserves”, has a pregnant woman not emotionally prepared to have her baby yet. After seeing a doctor, who has developed a solution, she spits an almond shaped object into a jar of fluid.
The story taking the title of the collection, “A Mouthful of Birds,” has a set of parents who do not know what to do with their daughter who thrives on eating birds. Alive and whole.
“The Test” is a horrible story about a man who must kill a dog to prove that he can follow orders and eventually kill a person. He bashes a dog over the head with a shovel, but doesn’t quite kill it. Instead, the dog is in agony, and the man learns he didn’t qualify because he hesitated when given the order to strike.
Each story is more upsetting then the previous one. I suppose you could say the writing is imaginative; it certainly is bizarre. But ultimately, the dark violence became overwhelming, and I came away from this book quite distraught. If literature reflects life, I am concerned about how Samanta Schweblin sees the world.
Michelle of su[shu] has read The Traveling Cat Chronicles and written a beautiful review here.
Akylina of The Literary Sisters has read and reviewed Masks by Fumiko Encho here. She gives us a meaningful look at what the book means, one I have intended to read myself for quite awhile.
Mel U of The Reading Life has read a short story entitled The Red Dragonfly and the Cockroach by Akiyuki Nosaka. There is time yet for a good short story before the challenge ends!
I have read Star by Yukio Mishima, which is not only appropriate to the Academy Awards ceremony we had in America in February, but is applicable to so much of life itself. The winner of the give away for this novel is Lewis Mclean. I will contact you for your mailing address.
Now that I am reading so assiduously for the Man Booker International Prize, my reading of Japanese literature will dwindle somewhat. But, as you continue, please be sure to inform me of reviews you have published so I can link them to these weekly updates.
The Shape of The Ruins is a novel of historical fiction which dwells on many themes: the past, coincidence, conspiracy, how mistaken we might be about what we are told is factual. What if the Twin Towers in New York did not fall just because two planes crashed into them? What if John F. Kennedy was not shot by Lee Harvey Oswald alone? And, what if Jorge Eliecer Gaitán, the Liberal leader of Bogata, was also part of a nefarious plan when he was assassinated on April 9, 1948?
I like how Juan Gabriel Vasquez highlights pieces of American history and parallels them with that of Colombia’s, in terms of possible deception to the people. He presents governments who, at the very least, have distorted or omitted facts for their own political agenda. And, he presents himself as an author within this book, for authors have the freedom to interpret what happened in the past.
The plot within these pages is quite involved. It is detailed, in some places, to the point of being tedious. (Especially the section from page 290-390 which describes the murder of General Rafael Uribe Uribe.) Facts, as we know them, have been intertwined with the author’s conjecture, portraying a country’s history as tenuous at best.
The last section of the book pulls me in with sentences like that. I remember being a child who believed that teachers taught you, doctors healed you, and leaders led you. Now that I am grown up, I, too, see the shadows all around me, and for that reason I think The Shape of The Ruins has an impact far beyond its pages. Far beyond Colombia or America. Perhaps all of us can find a certain disillusionment in what we thought to be true about our country.
Perhaps it is not a surprise after all, to find that of the thirteen books long listed for the Man Booker International Prize, I have read two of them. It seems that the jury wishes to find the unsung heroes for translated literature, the books which could go unnoticed were it not for the attention given by this prize. While I had hoped for Haruki Murakami’s Killing Commendatore to be included, it makes sense to read authors whose novels are less known. It makes sense to draw attention to the small presses who publish such magnificent works.
The Shadow Jury and I will begin reading tonight, if I speak only for myself, as eager to begin as those who attended a release party for the Harry Potter books when they came out at midnight.
Our library had only three of the thirteen titles, a fact which does not surprise me as it wouldn’t leave much room for John Sanford or Kristin Hannah if they filled their shelves with the mind-broadening books listed here. Therefore, I am searching for the remaining 10 titles as I plan on reading them all before the winner is announced in May.
The Shadow Jury and I will be reading and posting our thoughts on as many titles as we can before the short list is revealed on April 9, 2019, and the winner declared on May 21, 2019.
Several members of the Man Booker International Prize Shadow Jury have been thinking about the books they’d like to see on the long list which will be released March 13, 2019. Each of us gave Tony three of our favorite titles so that he could determine if the jury would add a title should it be neglected from the official list.
How exciting it is to wait for the official list, to see what it includes and to begin reading. Hopefully, you will see some of the above-mentioned titles.
The Man Booker International Prize is awarded annually for a single work of fiction, translated into English and published in the UK. Both novels and collections of short stories are eligible.
Vivek Tejuja is a book blogger and reviewer from India and based in Mumbai. He loves to read books in Indian languages and translated editions of languages around the world (well, essentially world fiction, if that’s a thing). He also writes for Scroll.In and The Quint. He blogs at The Hungry Reader and tweets as @vivekisms. His first book, “So Now You Know”, a memoir of growing up gay in Mumbai in the 90s is out in September 2019 by Harper Collins India.
Paul Fulcher is a Wimbledon, UK based fan of translated fiction, who contributes to the Mookse and Gripes blog and is active on Goodreads, where he moderates a MBI readers’ group. He is on the jury of the Republic of Consciousness Prize (@prizeRofC), which rewards innovative fiction, including in translation, from small independent presses. His reviews can be found at @fulcherpaul and via his Goodreads page.
Naomi Morauf is a voracious reader and avid tweeter with a particular interest in translated and speculative fiction. She moved to London for her philosophy degree and fell predictably into its clutches, working in media analysis as a broadcast editor before moving into book publishing. A Creative Access alumna and active member of the Society of Young Publishers and BAME in Publishing, she is a regular at Post Apocalyptic Book Club and the Dark Societies series of events. She is currently reviewing submissions at Unsung Stories.
Frances Evangelista is an educator from the Washington DC area who has been blogging about books for over ten years at Nonsuch Book and chatting on Twitter about the same @nonsuchbook. She has participated in a variety of projects including a Man Booker Shadow Panel for the last three years, and is eager to spread her wings with this MBIP panel.
Antonomasia (Anna Thompson), a UK-based freelance commercial writer, has been posting on Goodreads since 2011, and has over 700 reviews under her belt, some of which are being imported to a new blog. For four years, she has been the main compiler of Goodreads lists of newly-translated fiction which is eligible for the Man Booker International Prize, inspired by other users’ lists for the English-language Booker Prize, and by Three Per Cent’s translation database in the USA. You can see the 2019 MBIP-eligible list here. Like Paul, she is a contributor and moderator in the Mookse and the Gripes Goodreads group.
Follow our thoughts and opinions, if you will, as we make our way through the long list, to the short list (revealed on April 9, 2019), and on to the winner (declared on May 21, 2019). Personally, it is some of the best reading I will do all year.


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A sensory world of escape featuring some of the best contemporary music from across the globe; Kevin Volans’ White Man Sleeps, with its South African influence; Franghiz Ali-Zadeh’s Mugam Sayagi, focusing on a secret 16th century Islamic language; Rolf Wallin’s Phonotope 1, exploring biotopic objects with a Chinese twist; and Manual Override, a commission from Joby Talbot.
Première at the 2007 Singapore Arts Festival; Lyceum Theatre, Edinburgh International Festival, Alicante International Music Festival, followed by Scottish Tune Up tour.
Co-produced by Cryptic and T’ang Quartet. Commissioned by Singapore Arts Festival 2007.
Mugam Sayagi film screened at the Big Pond Adelaide Film Festival, Adelaide, 2009.

industry_corpus2: Film & Entertainment


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Discussion in 'Pakistan Defence & Industry' started by Amar Saeed, Oct 19, 2018.
PRECISION ENGINEERING COMPLEX (PEC) is one of the limited suppliers of Precision defene parts, it was once named as the Back Bone of Pakistan Airforce, still, as on today, the precision parts are supplied by PEC to PAC and Karachi Dockyard, even NESCOM is not having such machinery till date. NESCOM badges PEC for production and supply.
Why is it still under PIA? Shouldnt it be regulated under NESCOM or Be part of PAC?

industry_corpus2: Aerospace


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Though you may feel more rested on Monday morning after sleeping in all weekend, that extra shut-eye doesn’t erase all of the drawbacks from not getting enough sleep during the week. While extra weekend sleep does help reduce daytime sleepiness and stress, your ability to focus and pay attention will still be reduced. It can also throw off your internal body clock (also known as your circadian rhythm) and lead to Sunday night insomnia.
When it comes to sleep, caffeine has the power to interfere with regular sleep patterns, as well as help hide existing sleep deprivation, which can, in turn, lead to issues like insufficient sleep disorder. To avoid caffeine-related sleep problems, stop intake of the substance—whether through coffee, soda, chocolate, or any other form—for at least four to six hours before going to sleep. Doing so is one step toward creating good sleep hygiene habits. And remember: caffeine can stay in your system for up to 12 hours, so if you’re a person who is highly susceptible to caffeine-related side effects, it’s best to avoid having caffeine any time after lunch.
Solution: Give yourself three good night’s sleep to get back to a normal routine after serious sleep deprivation.
The extra sleep that you can get by hitting snooze comes in small chunks and isn’t good quality—and it can actually do you some harm. Since the snooze session doesn’t last long enough for you to finish a complete sleep cycle, you could end up feeling super groggy for the first hour and a half of your day.
Solution: Set your alarm for when you actually need to get up. Try to set it for the same time every day (even on the weekends). This regularity can help you wake up without the need for an alarm in the long run.
Drinking actually increases deep sleep during the first part of the night. Although this is true, you aren’t actually getting the rest your body needs. Here’s why: during the second half of the night, this sleepy effect wears off and you’ll be more likely to wake up or toss and turn, reducing your overall time spent asleep. In addition, REM sleep (the deepest stage of sleep, during which you dream) is negatively affected by booze. This is the stage of sleep that helps boost memory, concentration, and learning, so paying attention at work may feel a tad challenging after a night of one too many drinks.
Solution: Avoid drinking alcohol just before you go to bed. On average, it takes an hour for the body to process one unit of alcohol. Instead, opt for herbal teas, such as chamomile or sleepy time tea.
It may seem harmless to knock out a few emails before bed or unwind with a favorite movie, but by keeping your mind engaged, technology can trick your brain into thinking that it needs to stay awake. And if you’re surfing the web, seeing something exciting on Facebook, or reading a negative email, those experiences can make it hard to relax and settle into slumber. After spending an entire day surrounded by technology, your mind needs time to unwind.
Solution: Give yourself a tech curfew, move your electronics out of the bedroom if needed.
The quality of your sleep directly affects your mental and physical health and the quality of your waking life, including your productivity, emotional balance, brain and heart health, immune system, creativity, vitality, and even your weight. No other activity delivers so many benefits with so little effort.
Sleep isn’t just a “time out” from daily life. It is an active state important for renewing our mental and physical health each day. If you’re failing to get a good night’s sleep, contact us to schedule an appointment or answer any questions.


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The Chiriqui province on the western coast of Panama has an agricultural economy. Bananas and coffee are grown in Chiriqui, and there are many cattle farms and horse ranches. Chiriqui has been called “the Texas of Panama” since at least the 1960s.
Chiriquí is a province of Panama, it is located on the Western coast of Panama and is the most developed province in the country. The capital is the city of David. The local government of Chiriquí is modeled after that of the United States.
The economy of Chiriquí is based principally on livestock and the production of agriculture, making it the primary province of these materials for the rest of the country. Also, tourism is beginning to increase as the province becomes a destination for national and international tourists.
Chiriqui Province is known as the “Texas of Panama”, and the vegetable fields, dairy and cattle farms (called “Fincas") and horse ranches abound, especially around Volcan. This highlands area is known for it’s highly prized and award winning coffee. As a matter of fact, the Kona Coffee people were recently indicted for importing Boquete coffee and re-labeling it “Kona”. Starbucks always puts a ration of Boquete coffee in their brew, for its marvelous flavor.
In Panama’s Chiriqui district, not far from the Costa Rican border, is the largest banana-producing operation of the United Fruit Company. It is known as the Chiriqui Land Company.
Cisneros, who grew up in south Texas, thought of Chiriqui as the Texas of Panama.


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Please read parts one (link) before you read this… Making scientific evidence solely support evolution is more of an agenda and strategy which is not science but is conformism. To make the evidence look like it supports evolution only, the evolutionist scientists “leave out” the information that would leave the Theory of Evolution in question. This page will be compiled of such information which will only touch the surface of how far this goes. The reason for this is because this is done so much that to list all of it would be a website in it self. And who would want to read that much anyway? So this page will consists mainly of the major lists that will give the reader an idea of what is going on. Making people believe in evolution is basically a selling game that most some evolutionists are not even aware of. Example: If you go to a used car salesman, what information will he tell you about the car, and what information will he not tell you in order to make the sale? Only the good stuff. What you will see below is that only the good stuff gets told. The bad stuff they will withhold, and in some cases even deny it. You see once you are sold on something, un-selling you on the idea is much harder.
The DNA percentage comparison between Man and Chimps is probably the worst of it all. According to who you talk to the difference can be anywhere from 12% to .2%, and seems to change every 6 months going up and down. But percentages are simple math, right? So why leave out the main number in which the percentage was taken from? It’s because it puts evolution into question. The number the percent comes from is 3 billion. Knowing that the number is 3 billion (3,000,000,000) makes that percent look bigger, and us as humans not as close to chimps as was implied. The object of the sale was to not allow you to see that. Ask any evolutionist why the main number is hidden, and all you will get is excuses. How well is it hidden? More than half of the evolutionist I ask don’t know that number. They had the idea sold to them and never checked up on it.
The immune system problem. Google the “immune system and evolution” to see if any sites address how evolution works around the immune system. You will not find one, instead what you will find is sites on how the immune system evolved. The reason they won’t address this is because the immune system actually fights change. And knowing that animals immune systems are stronger than ours shows that change would be fought even harder in the lower evolved species. Example: If the immune system were weak enough to allow the changes evolutionists claim happened, we would all die from cancer. Why? Cancer is our own cells rebelling against the system by changing. Cancer cells mutate in our systems all the time. Our immune system kills them making it to where most of us won’t get cancer. So if the immune system was weaker back in time, all offspring would be sickly if not born dead. And not many parents would make it to an age to reproduce. Extinction would be favored more so than survival. This would keep life from evolving into things as complex as humans or any other animals that are complex.
Interdependent systems in animals and humans. Every system in the human body is dependent upon another system in order to work. There is no explanation on how each system evolved and worked until the other systems evolved to support them. Nor is there any way for evolutionist to tell us in what order did these systems evolved. Their salesman answer to convince us is that they all evolved at the same time. Knowing that each system has a different complexity (a word they do not like), means that no two systems would require the same number of mutations. Which means no two systems would evolve in the same amount of time to even remotely evolved together as implied. So to claim this is to also claim that evolution has perfect timing. Which boarders on intelligence because how does any evolution processes keep time to when to evolve something? Telling time = intelligence.
They will claim that time made the layers in the geologic column. Yet they cannot demonstrate the mechanism that causes time to form and “sort” layers. Yet water, like from a flood, will sort sediments into layers when shaken in a glass every time. And because this process can be tested in a lab, and retested with the same results every time. The claim that water sorted the layers from a flood would be empirical, while time “sorting” the layers is not. Age dating is not an absolute which means other possibilities have to be considered. And because evolutionists refuse to consider anything outside of supporting evolution, the belief becomes a form of conformism. Conformism is the main reason evolution is being sold more than it’s being proven. Conformism is not science.
Butterflies can only be created. Putting aside the process of what makes a butterfly, and focus on the results. You would think that in the evolution process that the colors on the wings are just colors. Much like colors on the hairs of other animals and insects. But that is not the case. Butterflies have microscopic scales on their wings that work very much the same way a prism separates sun light into colors. The scales reflect light, but only a certain wavelength of that light. Which means it’s not actual color that gives the butterfly it’s beauty, but how it’s wings refracts light into wavelengths of colors. There is absolutely no pressures from the environment that would make such an ability to evolve, nor is there any intelligence in the evolution process that would cause this.
1) What size it should be and where to put it?
2) That clear fluid is required to fill the eye?
3) What pressure to keep the fluid so the eye will stay inflated and not become damaged (too much pressure stops blood flow, to little and the eye shrinks)?
4) What angle to make the lens that would have to match the size of the eye?
5) How to focus that lens?
6) That the image would have to be upside down and the vision center of the brain would have to correct that?
7) That each eyeball would have to follow the other when the person looks to the left or right, up or down?
8. That a blood vessel needs to be in part of the vision center area to filter out UV rays?
9) That rods and cons are needed to see in the day and night?
10) That vision has to be processed in milliseconds. Example: If it took just 3 seconds to process what you see, then you could not hit a baseball. You could not drive a car because if one pulled out in front of you and you did not see it until 3 seconds later. You already hit it.
The human heart… The human is not only by design, but because it is essential for life it has to be in working order when it supposedly evolved. No chance for trial and error until it evolves correctly. Here is a list of a few things that has to be exactly right or the life dies.
1) The muscle of the heart has to be a type that never grows tired. So it’s different from every other muscle in the body. If this type of muscle was not used in the supposed first evolution attempt offspring would die in less than 24 hour. And no genes of what was needed next would be passed on to correct this.
2) The heart valves have to be in place to keep blood flowing in one direction.
3) The heart valves have to be made just so, so that the opening and closing section of it does not damage blood cells. If not this will cause the body to send blood clots out which are deadly because they cause everything from strokes to organ damage by cutting off blood flow. So the heart valve has to be right the first time, or death will occur.
4) The heart rhythm has to be just right as well. Wrong rhythm and the heart will not pump enough blood for the life to survive. Wrong rhythms can also cause extreme high or low blood pressure which is deadly as well.
5) The speed has to be variable that responds to the body’s need for oxygen.
6) In order for the tireless muscle to work for the heart, a balance is needed in the body of: Potassium, calcium, magnesium, CoQ10 enzyme, and adequate blood supply for oxygen. If any one of these things are off, irregular heart beat and heart damage can occur and death can be the result.
The origins of life. Abiogenesis is implied to have proven that life was created from dead matter. No life has ever been created from dead matter. This one problem in itself disproves evolution because it disproves that life arose naturally then evolved. If life cannot happen naturally, then a Godless evolution cannot happen either. Why is that important? Evolution is solely based on non-intelligent Godless creation of life from dead matter. So when life cannot be proven to have arisen any other way than a God filled creation, then by default evolution is proven wrong.
The blood brain barrier (BBB). The BBB filters out almost all harmful chemicals that can do damage to the brain. Without the BBB the brain could not develop and would be damage. Intelligence for survival would be impossible with a damaged brain therefore life would die. So the BBB would have to be fully functional the first time or life dies.
The pancreas. The pancreas puts out insulin which is very important for survival. But, to much and life dies, to little and life dies. Anyone with diabetes knows this very well because they have to deal with regulating what their pancreas cannot.
There are also support mechanism of evolution that have problems. Such as what they claim takes millions of years yet in recent years has been proven wrong. More of the selling of time that evolution requires in order not to put evolution into question. More of what evolutionist won’t tell you so that you will believe.
Oil takes millions of years to form, or does it?
Coal takes millions of years to form, or does it?
Blood, tissue and DNA will not last millions of years, or did a million years pass?
How did people live so long in the Old Testament?


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CAD/CAM-designed series of propellers for slow-flight and show-flight models. The propellers in this series have been specially adapted to the GRAUPNER COMPACT motors. The propellers are precision-manufactured and set themselves apart with optimum concentricity and blade tracking.
Related links to "SLOW PROP17x9cm 6,7x3,5Zoll"


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Have you ever tried String Art?
Widely popular as a decorative craft in the 1970’s, string art is actually rooted in the late 1800’s, where it was first used as a tool for teaching children algebra. Imagine that – a math gizmo! History shows that using nails and thread was a perfect means for demonstrating how to design a curve from a straight line, using four points (this became known as the ‘Bezier Curve’).
Since then, this innovative visual art form has evolved into a creative DIY pastime for young and old alike. While there are inspiring artists who have taken string art to ingenuous levels with complex designs, it is really very accessible to all of us. We, too, can make beautiful string art creations - with just a little direction!
Turning a plank of wood into a piece of art – with thread!
Homeworks Etc has a fun beginners String Art DIY project just for you! We’re sharing 1 fun heart pattern –right on time for Valentine’s Day! – as a great opportunity for you and your kids to try this creative craft at home.
You’ll use embroidery thread to follow the pattern and bring the design to life. The thread will criss-cross and wrap around the nails to fill in the blank space, resulting in a seemingly complex creation. Its detailed nature may lead one to believe that string art is exclusive to experienced artists with extensive knowledge. This is not the case. We’ve made it so that everyone can make their own string art creation!
Are you ready to create your string art masterpiece?
2. Cut wood to size.
3. Paint sides and top of the wood piece.
4. Roll tape and secure to back of the cut-out paper.
5. Tape to wood in centre.
8. Tie a double knot at the bottom point of your shape.
9. Go around each nail with the string to create an outline of your design.
10. Criss-cross, go on diagonal, go vertical within your shape until your design is filled with your string.
TIP: hold the string around the previous nail wrapped so that it stays secure as you move on to the next nail to keep in place to prevent unravelling.
11. When you are complete, tie a double knot to tie off and cut any remaining string.


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Corals are animals that belong to the phylum cnidaria, like jellyfish and fire corals. For 400 million years, corals have been successful evolutionary competitors. There are many different types of corals, including soft corals, sea fans, and stony corals. The modern stony corals, the scleractinians, have existed for around 240 million years. There are currently 25 families and about 1500 species of stony corals. Most live in colonies consisting of hundreds to thousands of genetically identical, interconnected tiny polyps. Together, they form a skeleton through accretion of calcium carbonate. These massive calcareous structures build up what we know as a coral reef.
Corals have a simple body plan (coral anatomy by NOAA). An inner and an outer cell layer form an enclosed space, the gastrovascular cavity, where the coral's prey is digested. As sessile organisms, corals filter the surrounding water with their tentacles subsisting on plankton and organic matter. However, they do not rely on these food sources alone. Most tropical corals live in symbiosis with unicellular algae called zooxanthellae. The algae contribute essentially to the corals’ nutrition by transferring photosynthetically derived metabolites to their coral hosts.
Coral reefs are highly productive ecosystems hosting a high diversity of species, but apparently thrive in a nutrient poor environment. Charles Darwin already puzzled over this intuitively contradicting facts, which became known as Darwin's Paradox. This mystery, not truly unraveled yet, can be explained by the close coupling between organisms and functional groups, enabling an effective recycling of matter and nutrients within the coral reef ecosystem. That means, the coral reef ecosystem is self-perpetuating.
One clear example of this coupling between organisms and functional groups is the relationship between corals and their symbiotic algae. In a world where there is tremendous competition for space, and predators lurk everywhere, the coral host gives shelter to the zooxanthellae and fosters their photosynthesis with the corals’ metabolic waste products. The algae, in turn, supply their host with sugars and amino acids, often meeting most of the coral's needs. Thus, this symbiosis not only connects the functional groups algae and stony corals, in particular connecting photosynthetic energy conversion directly to animal metabolism, but it also ensures an efficient recycling of nutrients within the reef ecosystem.
You can read more facts about corals and reefs at NOAAs coral 101 (US National Ocenanic and Atmospheric Administration, coral reef conservation program) or at Nature.com's knowledge project about coral reefs.


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Our relationship began in 1978 when I flew to Melbourne to discuss the promotion of my recent book. Over coffee in his office, my editor pushed a thick manuscript across to me. He asked if I’d ‘like to write’ the life of Sir Keith Murdoch, Rupert’s father. The bulky tome he handed across had been commissioned by Rupert, but he had turned it down.
It was a big ask. I would be dealing with the world’s most powerful media personality, who I had never met; a much more precarious undertaking than any other book I had done. With his huge battery of journalists and authors, it would be unlikely that he would agree to me writing his father’s story.
I flew home to Cairns, in the far north of Queensland, and began reading what was a detailed record of Sir Keith Murdoch’s power; his business battles and the minutiae of dealings which almost sent him to the wall. But it was, as the publisher said, a skeleton without much flesh. Could a ‘warts-and-all’ biographer, which I happened to be, persuade the exacting Rupert to allow such a book to be written about his father?
Rupert Murdoch was due to arrive into Queensland from the United States to spend a few days with his family on Lizard Island, off the coast from Cairns. I had arranged to fly out on the small aircraft he’d chartered, to pick him up and connect with a flight to Darwin to inspect one of his newspapers. We were to talk at Cairns Airport while he waited for his plane.
The Zwars owned an elderly but elegant, Toyota Crown sedan, used as a family car; and an untidy little Moke runabout driven badly by the staff of the free newspaper we owned; at weekends it was used for carrying sacks of chicken manure for our garden.
Airways Cessna for Lizard Island, sitting up front with the pilot. We touched down on the tiny resort runway and a wind-blown Rupert Murdoch was waiting, briefcase in hand, suitcase ready to be loaded.
A man not at ease, but seemingly trying to bridge an uncomfortable gap between powerful media baron and the last cadet reporter his father had hired for the Melbourne Herald before he died.
We shouted at each other over the noise of the twin engines for an hour, sharing the pilot’s Thermos of black coffee, and then bumped down on the Cairns tarmac. I had faxed him my CV and a list of books I had written, and he said he now knew ‘a fair bit’ about me. We had an hour for discussion before his Darwin plane took off and he parked his suitcase with an Ansett Airline desk clerk.
Then he said, in his light, American drawl, “Look, I haven’t seen a newspaper for days. Is there a newsagent nearby?” There wasn’t one at the small Cairns airport, but there was one five minutes up the road. I said I’d drive him there – then suddenly realised it meant travelling in the grubby little Moke.
Too late to worry. The billionaire, used to chauffeured limousines, climbed over the side, strapping himself into a dirty, doorless little runabout, with its flapping side-curtains, clouds of chicken poo swirling around us.
Then climbing out at the newsagents, to buy an armful of papers and magazines, the assistant doing a double-take when she saw the Murdoch face on the cover of The Bulletin magazine she had just sold him. As we chugged back to the airport he said, matter-of-factly, “I’ve checked you out. Think you’ll do a good job. I’d like you to write father’s life.” I forced myself to keep the wandering Moke straight ahead on the road.
When he was again due back in Cairns a month later, he had put aside time for a personal interview about his own memories of his father. I planned a lengthy talk in my study. A bottle of good Riesling rested in the fridge; the Toyota Crown had been polished, its tank filled with petrol, sheepskin seat-covers vacuumed spotless. I set off to pick him up in style this time from the Ansett terminal.
I parked the Toyota in front of the arrivals gate of the airline (he then half-owned), and met him. Warm smile, small-talk about the trip as I opened the door for him. I hurried around to the driver’s seat as he strapped himself in. I turned the key. There was a sickening ‘rrrrrrr.rrr’ sound. And the motor died. (Dead battery).
I spotted a car leaving the airport being driven by a neighbour who had seen her husband off to Sydney. I ran to wave her down. She opened the front passenger door for Rupert. Her small daughter stood beside him in the front seat, hitting him over the head with her woollen doll all the way up the mountainside.
Could he use my phone, Murdoch asked? I offered to go outside, but with hair still ruffled, he waved at me to sit down. He made calls to several executives in Sydney and when he’d finished, he talked to me about the father he remembered, explaining Sir Keith’s determination to provide for his family; his shyness; his business gambles and his enemies in the Sydney newspaper world.
Rupert also began talking about himself and some of the newspaper stories he’d been involved in, several of them ‘exposés’ he’d worked on in the background and one he said he had even ‘broken’, (a fraudster loans affair). Also, he talked about Rupert Murdoch, reporter; and from the telling, it suddenly seemed that this time might have been when he was at his happiest.
She wasn’t to know that her own son was to one day soon face his own terror of the banks when he, too, found himself at the edge of a financial abyss. But now the talk with Rupert was over, the bottle of Riesling finished. There remained only one way to get him back to the airport from our hilltop hideaway … the Moke. He nimbly climbed into its tatty passenger-seat once more. “I’m beginning to think the Moke is compulsory,” he laughed.
I had on tape the memories of the men and women who had worked for Sir Keith, revealing the scary power that The Herald & Weekly Times chairman exerted over their lives.
Sir Keith probably knew few of our names, but to cadet reporters, starting off on the first rungs of a career in journalism, he was an awesome, greying figure, glimpsed only in the lift or on his way down the reporters’ room for one of his ‘getting to know you’ visits.
“Ah,” he would say, coming to a stop by your desk. “What are you on [writing about] at the moment? What books are you reading?” Young reporters enthusiastically answered “Hemingway.” or “Scott Fitzgerald.” And the last question as he got up from the desk.
Some of the memories from the interviews I had with The Herald staff, past and present, created delicate decisions of inclusion in the book. Along with the anecdotes of Sir Keith’s forays into the newsroom, came still-surprised recollections of his behaviour that bordered on the eccentric.
He often seemed pre-occupied. Hearing about the business deals he was doing at the time, when he paid big money for newspaper shares he could ill afford, it was understandable that newsmen and women might have had the impression that while he was talking to them he was, to put it politely, thinking of something else.
I recalled one morning, when I was head down, typing, he strode through the reporters’ room with startled newsmen suddenly bashing at upright typewriters. He noticed the dumpy figure of The Herald’s social editor Miss Lois Lathlean, coming towards him.
“Good morning to you! I look forward to seeing her.” And he went on his way.
I talked to Rupert’s nanny about her memories of the family. She told me that when Rupert was about four, he was naughty and so she’d had to put him over her knee.
One of Sir Keith’s former senior executives revealed to me that Sir Keith had serious political ambitions. The grand figure at the helm of arguably Australia’s greatest newspaper already wielded heavy political influence; state premiers and prime ministers made their way to The Herald building to see him. But it wasn’t quite enough.
One morning, said a former colleague, he’d heard Sir Keith talking to the editor of The Herald’s sister paper, The Sun News-Pictorial, mentioning that ‘some people were saying’ it was time he might think seriously about entering federal politics.
“Ahh,” said Murdoch, having thought about it for two seconds, “you could be right. I know! We won’t go to the Melbourne Club for lunch today; we’ll go down to the Athenaeum.” A shift one notch down the social lunching ladder would fix everything.
I sent my finished manuscript to the Melbourne publisher and waited. Brian Stonier, managing director of Macmillan, had taken it on himself to be sure a copy was air-freighted to Rupert in New York and he would pass on to me his reaction.
It came back on fax: Mr Murdoch is ‘seriously worried’ about some aspects of the book and could you make yourself available at his mother’s home the following Sunday to go through it? I felt slightly ill.
I was bidden to the delightful Cruden Farm, 2,000 kms away, where Dame Elisabeth still lived. It lay vine-covered and white-chimneyed near Frankston, outside Melbourne, and was reached by a long, tree-lined avenue. Sir Keith’s widow had been charming and helpful when I had gone to see her and even loaned me some of her late husband’s letters.
Now, with apprehension, I flew down, and set off in a hire car for the meeting, getting lost twice on the way. I had brought with me two tape-recorders, one to place in front of Dame Elisabeth and the other near Rupert to record what each said as they made their way through the 150,000 words.
Rupert, at the time, had a strike on his hands at the New York Post which he now owned, and was in Melbourne to face an inquiry into television network ownership. In between these concerns he was to juggle the problems of ‘In Search of Keith Murdoch’.
Mother and son came to the front door and we went into the lounge-room with its old-fashioned furnishings, for coffee. Small talk over, I asked Rupert if he could begin by going through his worries about the book. He’d already said as we sat down, “You talked to Kimpo, my old nanny, did you?” I confessed I had.
“What did you say to her Rupert?” his alarmed mother wanted to know.
That little story about going to the Athenaeum for lunch. Father would have meant that as a joke.” I nodded and made a note. It was now getting cold and the fire was dying a little. “Rupert, would you go out and get another log?” said his mother. Her son rattled the fire into life again.
Desmond Zwar is a journalist who has written 16 non-fiction books, including In Search of Keith Murdoch and The Queen, Rupert and Me – A Reporter’s Extraordinary Life published by Sid Harta Publishing.


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"Mr Tatham began his shipping career in 1932 as an Assistant with Mackinnon Mackenzie & Co in Colombo,Ceylon. He worked in Mackinnons Calcutta from 1938 and served in Iraq and Iran during the War working closely with the Russians. After the war he was posted to Bombay and was appointed Honorary Shipping Representative of the Ministry of Supply in Burma, India and Ceylon. He returned to Ceylon in 1947 and in 1952 he was made a Director of Mackinnons becoming Managing Director four years later. The Tathams have been in Ceylon for 120 years spanning four generations.
During the riots of 1957/58 Mr Tatham worked closely with the Governor General of Ceylon and in 1958, at the Governor's request, he requisitioned ships of the P&O and BISN Company under his firm's agency to evacuate 10,000 Tamils to Jaffna in the North for their safety.
In his younger days Mr Tatham played rugby for The CH and FC and was selected to play for All Ceylon. In recent years Mr Tatham has greatly advanced the Ceylonisation of his company. He leaves the island shortly to retire in Britain."
passenger London-Calcutta 1932, London-Bombay 1938, London-Colombo 1950 & 1953, Southampton-Colombo 1956, London-Colombo 1959.
passengers on P&O "Viceroy of India" dep London 17 Nov 1938: Harry Ward Tatham, 27, Mercantile Asst; Marjorie Tatham, 27; Elizabeth Tatham, 1; dest Bombay, perm res India, UK addr Lealands, Groombridge.
[S02] BMD Index, birth reg Colombo, 1911.
[S30] India Office Library, N/1/610 f.40, 20 Mar 1941.
[S12] Passenger Lists, Bremen, 16 Apr 1920.
[S02] BMD Index, death reg Tunbridge W, 2Q1980.
[S05] The Times, forthcoming marriages, 27 Apr 1957.

industry_corpus2: Transportation


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Ořešník highline . Video natočené při slack festu Keep balance VI 2013.
Parádní highline v Praze,byla zima na nohy,ale na ty jsem rychle přestal myslet...Adam Máčel.
Andy Lewis and Scott Rogers take the challenge to complete 365 missions (an average of a highline, a BASE jump, or a NEW climb per day) in the year 2013. SkySight, Monkey Den Media, and Slackline Media all coordinated together to film and edit a teaser of the potential we expect from the entire year!~ Over the last week we have compiled some footage of our latest missions.
"The heat and the softness of the sunshine The peace and the rawness of the storms and the cold. The motion and the rhythm and the ebb and the flow Of the tides and the wind Of this glorious weather all around" Wishing all of our friends a happy and successful time in the year ahead. We look forward to sharing new ideas and projects with you all. Thanks to everyone for all your comments, inspiration and enthusiasm... the journey continues!
Few people know what there is \"Between the Balls\"! Some crazy ones whent there for a life changing experience!
First highline experience, first video... Try standing up on a highline is not the easyest thing i did, making my own video of this amazing trip neither.
Poučení, že jibline se nehodí pro highline!
Tohle videjko mi tak trochu připomíná naše začátky.
Slackline na discovery Cannel. Kwjet a spol. 1 díl.
Další parádní video z vysokých hor.
Novoroční hajlajna v údolí Divoké Šárky v podání Kwjeta a Anči.
Slide show od Jordana, z Tripu Janka a Faith v řecké Meteoře.
Video pro ty, kdo by snad hledali, jakou má lajna spojitost s lezením.
Vystoupení skupiny historického šermu Merlet, pěvecké skupiny Euphorica a provazochodců ze Slack Art na večírku ČEZ na hradu Kost .17.6.2010.


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With elegant straight lines, Solid construction and a beautiful finish, the Serena is a TV unit which will enliven and accentuate your living room. Superbly built using the best materials, the Serena is an everlasting structure.
Ideal for TVs up to 70"
TV Unit: W 70" x D 14.5" x H 34"

industry_corpus2: Manufacturing


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The India-based Villgro Innovations Foundation has launched an incubator for early-stage businesses in the healthcare and life sciences sector in Nairobi, Kenya.
In India, Villgro works with early-stage for-profit social enterprises that have an impact on the lives of the poor, incubating companies in sectors such as education, health, energy and agriculture.
Villgro Kenya is a health-focused incubator set up in partnership with the Lemelson Foundation. It will offer mentoring, funding and access to networks to companies with products that can disrupt the status quo in the healthcare space and can scale to other regions.
“After initial research, we saw the need in the health sector and in the incubation of health startups, with the potential to have the maximum impact,” Aditi Seshadri, head of communications at Villgro Innovations Foundation, told Disrupt Africa.
Seshadri said Villgro sees plenty of potential for more South-South collaboration, particularly in Kenya, which is similar to India in that it has social problems but a stable political climate and an entrepreneurial culture. Kenyan healthcare startups can apply for incubation here.
Villgro supports companies with seed funding, high-touch mentoring with an experienced senior advisor and networks. Since 2001, it has helped 119 entrepreneurs create more than 4,000 jobs.
It is expanding into Kenya in partnership with USAID’s Partnering to Accelerate Entrepreneurship (PACE) initiative.
“This partnership combines the knowledge and implementation of Villgro with the expertise and networks of PACE, and will help catalyse the implementation of what has been a highly effective approach by Villgro in India into Villgro Kenya,” said Seshadri.


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Hi all , A few months ago I moved with my wife Amy, daughter Luna and dog Nimbus from Chester Springs, PA to a wonderful little neighborhood in Mount Airy. (Where is Mount Airy? near Chestnut Hill, 20 minutes outside of Center City. :] ) We absolutely loved being out in the woods in Chester county but wanted to raise Luna in a neighborhood and be bit closer to the city. Well turns out we love our new spot in the world. Its the perfect mix of city and woods, with lots very friendly and diverse folks and a great community spirit.
So I feel like a really lucky guy because I get to spend my time in wonderful Wayne and Mt. Airy!
And I am happy to announce that, just this week, I have opened up an additional office 1 block away from my new home. Mount Airy Acupuncture is a beautiful, super calming and warm space above a really great restaurant called The Grain Exchange right in the heart of Mount Airy's business district.
I am so grateful to have the opportunity to expand our wellness community's reach to Philadelphia. It also means that my center city patients now have a much shorter commute for their sessions.
Currently I am in Wayne on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays and Mt. Airy on Tuesdays and Thursdays. You can access either schedule from the Book Now button.
My utmost goal and what I am most passionate about is to help as many people as I can free up all the energy spent on feeling sick, tired, and stressed and put it toward living a rich life, full of purpose, meaning, and vitality.
I have said it before and I will say it again, thank you so much for allowing me to be on your wellness journey. It is truly a gift for me do be able to share the work I care so deeply about with you.
I really appreciate your support and if there is anything I can help you with please let me know!


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My name is JoAnn Connolly. I am located just north of Boston, Massachusetts, USA. My daughter began Irish step dancing lessons in 1999. Her school was fairly new and at the time she started, her teacher had just begun her search for someone to make school costumes. When she approached the moms in the waiting room to see if anyone knew how to sew, I was the one who raised my hand. I have sewn my entire life and find the creative challenge of making Irish step dancing dresses one I enjoy immensely. My good friend and partner, Sally Ellingsen, and I have created over 300 dresses, both school and solo. I continue on in this passion for what I call “extreme embroidery”.
Please take a look at the Clients' Creativity page for ideas and inspiration. My Gallery shows some past projects.
Please feel free to contact me with any questions you might have. I am happy to talk "embroidery" with anyone who might be interested in this service -- whether you're ready to purchase, looking for more information, or just need Irish step dancing dressmaking advice. I have come across every possible dressmaking 'situation' you can think of. So feel free to email any questions, concerns or ideas you might have.


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BARCELONA, Spain — Forever in the Dream Team”s shadow, the U.S. Olympic basketball team is now walking in its footsteps.
The Americans are back in Barcelona, site of their greatest glory, the scene of the best basketball ever played, as they finish their preparations for London.
Twenty years after their predecessors stormed their way to gold here, the Americans will see one of the Dream Team”s lasting legacies: the strength of international programs that rose in part because of the interest it created.
The U.S. will play exhibition games against Argentina and Spain, teams with veterans old enough to remember seeing Magic and Bird play. The Americans beat both en route to the gold medal four years ago, holding off the Spaniards in a gold-medal game thriller.
Both countries have enjoyed lengthy stays near the top of international basketball, each winning a major title in the past decade, and should provide quality tests for a U.S. team that still has some improving to do.
The Americans had an easy one Thursday, beating Britain 118-78 in Manchester, England. The U.S. carved up a defenseless opponent, shooting 60 percent, collecting 39 assists on 47 baskets, and leading by as much as 47 points.
But the British are just getting going in basketball, where the sport is largely ignored. The Americans know to expect better in their upcoming games at Palau Sant Jordi.
Pau Gasol”s first contact with the NBA game came as a 12-year-old boy watching the Dream Team on TV in his Northern Spain home. He”s gone on to become one of the NBA”s best big men and was the MVP of the 2006 world basketball championship, when Spain won the gold medal.
Manu Ginobili and Luis Scola both starred in Europe and became international stalwarts before taking their pro careers to the NBA, and were the driving forces behind an Argentina squad that won the 2004 Olympic gold medal and the silver in the 2002 world championships.
The U.S. will play Argentina on Sunday and Spain on Tuesday. Those games should more resemble the Americans” 80-69 victory over Brazil than the romps over the Dominican Republic and Britain.
Anthony scored 19 points Thursday, coming off the bench along with Paul for the first time in a sign that coach Mike Krzyzewski still is doing tinkering at a time when his 2008 team was already set.
The Americans essentially had the same starting lineup from the start of the 2007 Olympic qualifying tournament right through the end of the Olympics: LeBron James, Anthony, Dwight Howard, Jason Kidd and Kobe Bryant. Kidd retired from international play, Howard is injured, and Kevin Durant has become an international force worthy of being a starter.
James and Bryant retain their spots and Tyson Chandler has become the starting center. Krzyzewski could bounce between Anthony and Durant at one forward spot, and Paul and Deron Williams, who also scored 19 on Thursday, at point guard.
“I don”t necessarily think there is any permanence to our starting lineup,” Krzyzewski said. “You basically have a group, a core group, of veterans, mostly from the Beijing Olympics that I think do need to be the core of this team because they”re older, they”ve been through the Olympics. Durant, talent-wise, is right there with any of them. So, some combination of the six or seven of those guys will start.
The game against Spain is the more anticipated one and should provide the U.S. with the bigger challenge. The Americans edged the Spanish in an exhibition game in Madrid before the 2010 worlds, but both teams played that summer without key players from the Americans” 118-107 victory on the last day of the Beijing Games.
With Pau Gasol and younger brother Marc, and NBA All-Star this season, and nationalized Spanish player Serge Ibaka of the Oklahoma City Thunder, Spain is powerful inside. The Americans don”t have much size and don”t seem interested in using what they do have, Krzyzewski using some lineups in which the 6-foot-9 Durant is his tallest player.
If the size factor really is a threat to their hopes, the Americans will know it by the time they leave here a day before the opening ceremonies next week.

industry_corpus2: Sports


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The Fondation Beyeler in Riehen/Basel is devoting a retrospective exhibition to the legendary artist Balthasar Klossowski de Rola (1908–2001), known as Balthus.
The show is the first exhibition of Balthus’s art in a Swiss museum since 2008.
Balthus is viewed as one of the great masters of twentieth-century art, and is certainly one of the truly singular painters of his time.
What makes Balthus so special?
In his complex and multifaceted oeuvre, he pursued an artistic approach that embodied an alternative, and a challenge, to modern avantgardes.
Influenced by the art of the Quattrocento, Surrealism, Neue Sachlichkeit and in his later works by East Asian art, Balthus cultivated a style of his own, promoting “another Modernism”.
His mysterious, archaic and uncanny images seem to conjure up – among other things – the fantasies of childhood, while not avoiding a certain cruelty.
In his opposition to prevailing views, he refers to a whole range of art-historical traditions and precursors.
He developed his own specific avant-garde attitude, which now appears almost postmodern and contemporary.
Balthus had a long and close connection with Switzerland, extending from his later childhood years in Bern, Geneva, and Beatenberg via his marriage to the Swiss aristocrat Antoinette de Watteville and their time together in the French and German-speaking parts of the country, to the final decades of his life in the Alpine village of Rossinière.
The starting point for the exhibition at the Fondation Beyeler is Balthusʼs monumental painting Passage du Commerce-Saint-André, from 1952–1954, which has been on permanent loan to the museum for some time. This enigmatic work epitomizes the artist’s intensive engagement with the dimensions of space and time in the image, and with their relationship to the figure and the object.
With this focus, the exhibition will bring together some fifty important pictures from every phase of Balthus’s oeuvre, looking also at the strategies employed in the staging of his often provocative images, and illuminating the elements of irony and mystery in his work.
His pictures combine tranquility with extreme tension, and embody a wealth of contradictions, mingling dream and reality, eroticism and innocence, the factual and the unfathomable, the familiar and the uncanny, in a wholly unique way.
The exhibition at the Fondation Beyeler, realized with the generous support of the artist’s family, is curated by Dr. Raphaël Bouvier (Curator) and Michiko Kono (Associate Curator).
It will subsequently be shown at the Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza in Madrid.


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Your first choice for janitorial services in Kamloops!
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We work closely with you to provide the service YOU want, they way YOU want, in the time frame YOU want. Our comprehensive Kamloops commercial cleaning and office cleaning services will take care of all of your cleaning needs. No Long Term Contracts!
Let our Master Care Kamloops cleaning team take care of the dirty work!

industry_corpus2: Real Estate & Construction


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Readily available and affordable curtain panels make updating your windows easy. With these tips for buying and hanging curtain panels, your room will gain a fresh, stylish look fast here is our Calgary.
Ready-made curtain panels in fresh patterns and colors offer an easy way to perk up a room. For quick hanging, choose tab-top or grommet styles, which slide easily onto a rod. Upgrade simple rod-pocket panels by adding clip-on rings. Most off-the-shelf rods come with mounting hardware so hanging the rods and panels is a breeze. These basics will help you place rods and select curtain panels for the stylish look you desire.
To determine the minimum necessary panel length (not including tabs or rings), measure from the floor to just above the window casing. Use this measurement when purchasing curtain panels. After you buy curtain panels, mount the rod to match panel length — rather than the other way around as you would for custom-made panels.
For the best look when a set of curtains is closed, make sure each panel is at least as wide as the window. Stretching too-narrow panels across a window makes the scene look mismatched and out of scale. Mount rod brackets 6 inches outside the window frame so panels can be pushed away from the glass, allowing light to flood the room and the window’s architectures to be on display.
When using ready-made panels sold singly, measure each panel before hanging. Minor difference? Hang the panels based on the length of the shortest one. If there’s a noticeable discrepancy, you may need to hem.
Consider how often you’ll open and close the curtains. Panels outfitted with grommets or rings are easier to slide along rods than those with tabs. A rod-pocket panel is the most difficult style to open and close.
Editor’s Tip: To make curtains more energy-efficient, choose panels that extend well beyond the window frame on all sides to reduce heat from sunlight in the summer and cold airflow in the winter. Even better: Team panels with a cellular shade mounted inside the window frame.
Explore window treatment options with our window treatment gallery. Discover different types of window treatments and how to use them in your home.
Browse the window treatment gallery.
Put your DIY skills to work. These pretty homemade treatments use simple DIY techniques and basic materials. Give your windows fresh appeal with a project customizable to suit your style.
Find a window treatment project.
Make your own window treatments without a needle and thread. These 10 no-sew window treatments are simple yet stylish and use easy-to-find supplies, such as cloth napkins, curtain panels, ribbon, and even paint.
Create no-sew DIY curtains and shades.