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My goal is to craft wines that tell the tale of the place and to minimize the interference of man along the way.
In preserving and enhancing our land, we also preserve and enhance Napa Valley.
Our grandfather became involved in the wine industry in 1938. Our father then built the modern-day foundation of our business, so my brother and I grew up in the business. Our passion for the business just grew naturally from there.
Farming and caring for our vineyards and then connecting the dots between the land and extraordinary wines. My goal is to craft wines that tell the tale of the place and to minimize the interference of man along the way.
Mother Nature of course – she enjoys throwing a curveball every so often. She can also draw us into her warm embrace in some vintages, which then causes her to also be our greatest ally.
Our family mantra of “quality endures” goes hand in hand with “cultivating excellence” and manifests itself in a number of ways. In our vineyards we focus on the health of the vine along with the quality and intensity of the fruit. In the winery, we focus on the details; every detail counts and no detail is too small to be overlooked.
Our sustainable farming and winemaking practices. It is equally important to let the world know that we are cognizant of and thoughtful in our farming and our stewardship of the land. Handing our vineyards to the next generation of Terlatos in better condition than they were received is the goal. In preserving and enhancing our land, we also preserve and enhance Napa Valley.
Follow your passion. If you have a deep passion for wine and food, it can be an extraordinarily rewarding and interesting life path.
I love being in the vineyard. It’s the basis of everything we do. My goal is to know every detail of our vineyards and to be intimately aware of what those vineyards have to offer. I find walking the vineyards to be calming and provocative at the same time.


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Better than new & move-in ready! Upgrades & custom amenities galore! The Hill Country inspired home sits on an oversized corner lot. The open concept floorplan is perfect for family gatherings. Home boasts an impressive chef's kitchen with large granite top island, quartz counters, SS appliances, gas cooktop and custom cabinetry. The study, master & guest suite on the first floor, 3 BR & game room up. Master retreat has a sitting area, spa-like bath with dual vanities, walk-in shower, freestanding soaking tub and walk-in closet. The backyard is large enough for an added pool. Relax on the extended covered patio which has a gas drop perfect for an outdoor kitchen. House is still under warranty.
This listing 4211 Whispering Willow Way, Arlington, TX 76005 is a residential listing with 4 full baths, 5 bedrooms and approximately 3,145 square feet on a lot of 11,326 sqft (or 0.26 acres). 4211 Whispering Willow Way was built in 2017. 4211 Whispering Willow Way is located in Arlington and in ZIP Code 76005. It has been listed on our site since 2019-03-01 14:41:33.

industry_corpus2: Real Estate & Construction


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Women, Action & The Media: Report the Facts, Frame the Future.
REPORT THE FACTS, FRAME THE FUTURE.
Join WAM!NYC for our eighth annual conference, a full day of panels and conversing with like-minded journalists, activists and creative thinkers working in various crevices of social justice issues.
You'll rarely get an e-mail, but when you do, it will be to receive a story that's important, rigorously reported, well-told, and worthy of your time.

industry_corpus2: Media & Journalism


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I’ve been making my own vanilla extract for years. I love it! It’s cost-effective, sort of pretty (although it kind of looks like spiders too), and in my opinion, tastes way better than imitation vanilla extract. Vanilla extract is also (easily) the most used extract in my kitchen, so having a big batch on hand is no problem for me.
I tested out four different flavors: almond, lemon, orange, and mint. Since I was testing, I didn’t want to make large batches (in case they didn’t work out). For each extract I started with 1/2 cup vodka. For the orange extract, I added the rinds from 1 1/2 oranges. For the lemon extract, I added the rinds of two lemons. For the almond extract, I added 1/4 cup raw almond slivers (no skins). And for the mint extract, I added a small handful of mint leaves.
I placed the ingredients in a clean jar, sealed it up, and waited for two weeks. I loved the citrus extracts! They smelled amazing and tasted good. Extracts are not meant to be tasted straight; they are meant to be baked or mixed into larger recipes. When you bake extracts, the alcohol evaporates (or mostly evaporates), leaving behind only the desired flavor.
The almond extract was too mild. I would suggest allowing it to soak for at least a month before use. I found that it seemed a bit more bitter than store-bought almond extract. I had read that using raw almonds and avoiding the skins would help to keep the extract from becoming too bitter. But I think I’ll probably stick to the store-bought kind in the future.
The mint extract simply didn’t work. It looked pretty seaweed-y and it tasted like black licorice. I think you just can’t allow fresh herbs to soak that long. Fresh, leafy herbs (like mint or basil) work well in infused vodka, which has a much shorter soak time. I wonder if using dried herbs would work better. Maybe using some dried lavender could work well. Have any of you tried that? Be sure to strain your homemade extracts through a fine mesh sieve before storing. The only one I don’t do this with is vanilla extract. I figure if a few vanilla beans (not the actual pod) make it in that’s totally fine. But you’ll want to strain the other ones.
I tested out four different flavors: almond, lemon, orange, and mint. Since I was testing, I didn't want to make large batches (in case they didn't work out). For each extract I started with 1/2 cup vodka. For the orange extract, I added the rinds from 1 1/2 oranges. For the lemon extract, I added the rinds of two lemons. For the almond extract, I added 1/4 cup raw almond slivers (no skins). And for the mint extract, I added a small handful of mint leaves.
I placed the ingredients in a clean jar, sealed it up, and waited for two weeks.
Check the post because most of these worked well but one did not! Also I shared some additional tips and tricks.
Credits // Author and Photography: Emma Chapman. Photos edited using Color Pop from the Signature Collection.
Ohmy, I didn’t see spider until you said it and now I can’t look at the pictures.
Beautiful images and this looks really amazing 🙂 I have been looking for something like this. Perfect!
Neat idea. Never thought of making my own before, seems so easy!
I love homemade extracts, especially vanilla! I have made coconut extract, and that turned out amazingly, but, as you say, you can’t really smell or taste it as is, you have to bake with it to experience the flavor. Great post!
What kind of vodka do you recommend using? Thanks!
I can’t wait to try! I do have a question though… does the quality of the vodka you use matter much?
Eeeeek it does look like a spider. Sounds great nevertheless…..!!!
Try using stonefruit pits (peaches, apricots, or nectarines) for the almond extract. They give a better almond flavor than the actual nuts with none of the bitterness!
love homemade vanilla extract. It’s wayyyy better than store-bought and I use it all the time as well.
How long do the extracts keep?
This is so cool. I’ve been thinking about doing my own Vanilla for awhile now – You’ve totally motivated me! I think it would be awesome to do a follow up post on some recipes that use these different extracts so that I can not only make them but put them to use too. Love it!
I’ve never thought of this before!
Fun. So you use the whole pod and do not remove the beans? I watched a cooking show where they removed the beans to extract the flavor. I wonder what the flavor difference is. Vanilla sugar is also lovely.
Really?! I would not have guessed that. I will be trying that soon. Thanks for the tip!
A long time. That’s not a scientific answer, I realize, but it’s because of the alcohol (it’s mostly alcohol in fact).
For extract it’s good to leave the pod in the solution as well.
This looks amazing! I am running a CHANEL spring make up giveaway over $158! You should come by and participate:D!
Hi! I wanted to ask you if you have only used extracts for baking…I mean, have you used it to flavor coffees or teas?
Mmmm, lavender extract sounds sooo good!
This is amazing! Totally doing this for gifts!
Try adding some strips of citrus peel to a spray bottle filled with white vinegar (or vinegar and water mixture). So easy and smells great.
I am most definitely going to try this!
where did you get those lovely jars?
This looks amazing! I love Vanilla, I’ll try make me own now!
Ok so if you are going this far, look into making your own limoncello. You will not be disappointed and it is a great entertaining beverage. My husband loves to make his own and it is a unique gift as well.
What about making a vanilla extract with spiced or dark rum instead of vodka? I put rum in everything… I mean everything! Might be worth a try!?
I’ve been contemplating making vanilla extract for a while now. And all of yours look so great! Especially the lemon!
I think I want to try the lemon and orange extract. I find the lemon store ones can be so fake-y tasting.
I have no advice to give, sorry; but I’m so thankful you shared your experience! I can’t wait to try. Where did you get your cute little storage jars?
I’ve always wanted to make my own vanilla extract! Where can you buy the beans? I’ve never seen them at my local grocery store.
They look lovely – I’d even do it for the apperance alone! Great Job Emma, Your so handy in the kitchen!
Just don’t crush the kernels. Some stone fruit contain cyanogenic glycoside, which when crushed, can transform into hydrogen cyanide.
This is great! I’ve been looking for ideas for unique wedding favors and I think this just might do the trick! Made from scratch and in larger batches I think the citrus ones would be very reasonable cost-wise. My fiance and I both love to cook/bake too so it makes sense for us.
I’ve made the same problem with my attempt at mint extract. It tasted terrible and later evaporated quickly.
One I have made with great success is bubble gum extract. Take eight pieces of bubble gum (think old school gum like Dubble Bubble or Super Bubble) to 4 ounces of vodka. Wait about a month and you have the extract. It’s great for making bubble gum buttercream.
This look really cool!You totally motivated me into trying these recipes myself!
Sounds amazing! I think I would try with vanilla first. How many pods do you usually put per 1/2 cup if vodka?
I’m so excited to try this!!!! I don’t know why I never thought about it before!!!! Quick question with your big batch about how many vanilla beans are you adding?
Where do you store this ? Is it ok to store it in full light ?
I’ve tried lavender and I loved the way it turned out! I definitely want to try the lemon next!
wow! this is so cool 🙂 i need to try it!
Oooh, looks like something I’d want to try! But… erm, I wouldn’t know how to use the extracts. Ideas? Recipies?
I’ve made both mint and vanilla extracts using dried herbs and each worked wonderfully. I allow mine to soak for about 4 weeks, or longer.
Gah! I just commented… I meant to say that I’ve made both mint and LAVENDER (I think I wrote vanilla)using dried herbs.
What a fantastic idea! I’ve often made flavored simple syrups with lavender or cinnamon, but not extracts. I’ll have to try this!
I’ve made vanilla and almond extract. But is there a reason you strain out the almonds? I left the almonds in (I don’t care for the taste either) and just strain it when I give small bottles of it away. Does it make that much of a difference?
It’s true that the pits contain cyanide compounds but they’re generally considered safe in small doses so extracts are fine. However I have the best luck using the pits whole and just boiling them for a bit first to get off as much flesh as possible.
How resourceful- I wonder if it would work with bourbon?
I never knew it was that simple to create your own extracts! Thanks for all the tips!!
LOve this. Would brandy work as well? I find that vodka has to strident a taste.
I definitely want to try this! Especially so that I can be positive that they are gluten free!
Hello there! I’d just like to know about the vodka: why is it necssary to use alcohol, and does it affect the flavour of the essence?
This was really interesting for me to read because I had no idea that alcohol was involved in extract-making haha!
Your extracts soun very good.I make my own Vanilla,but I am going to try your citris ones for sure…Where do you find your bottles?
Brilliant article, I have my first vanilla extract on, I add a drop to my porridge every morning instead of using sugar. Now I just need to get some lemons!
Have made Banana Extract from dehydrated banana chips. Also poured a little orange extract over a pork lion I was roasting – pretty good!

industry_corpus2: Others


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Mattawan, Michigan – Peter DeHaan announced that NotifyMD, enhancing provider-patient communications for over a quarter of a century, has become the exclusive sponsor of Medical Call Center News (MCCN). MCCN is a bimonthly email publication of Peter DeHaan Publishing Inc, in conjunction with AnswerStat magazine. MCCN and AnswerStat regularly provide valuable information to the healthcare call center and medical contact center industry.
MCCN, now in its fifth year of publication, has enjoyed enthusiastic reader support and continued growth each year.

industry_corpus2: Health & Medicine


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2.2.1 To what extent are primates needed in research on HIV ?
2.2.2 To what extent are primates needed in research on tuberculosis ?
2.2.3 To what extent are primates needed in research on malaria ?
2.2.4 To what extent are primates needed in research on other infectious diseases?
Safety testing of chemicals is performed by a combination of many different approaches including animal experimentation. Whereas for industrial chemicals, toxicity testing in non-rodents is not required, inclusion of a non-rodent species is required in the safety assessment of pharmaceuticals. However, most of the safety testing for pharmaceuticals is also performed in rodents. Furthermore, non-animal methods play an important role in candidate drug selection and selection for further testing in animals, as well as for the selection of the animal species (Sietsema and Schwen, 2007). It needs to be noted that only a very small percentage of pharmaceuticals initially selected for further development are finally introduced into the marketplace since they fail on the bases of lack of efficacy or unwanted toxic effects predicted by the safety testing. While safety testing of new pharmaceuticals and other medical products represents one of the major uses of NHPs, only few candidate pharmaceuticals are actually tested in NHPs. Normally, there is no routine requirement for the use of NHPs as a second species.
Animal safety testing of pharmaceuticals is intended to safeguard human subjects used in the clinical trial studies through risk assessment based on the results of animal experiments. The Declaration of Helsinki* is a set of ethical principles developed by the World Medical Association (WMA) for the medical community regarding human experimentation. It states that the wellbeing of the human subject should take precedence over the interests of science and society.
International regulatory authorities including the European regulatory authorities therefore require that the safety of a new medicinal product is supported by a variety of non-clinical data prior to the start of clinical studies. The scope of testing is regulated in the EU by Council Directive 2001/83/EEC and its amendments.
As a consequence, the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) prepares scientific guidelines, in a global harmonisation process in the framework of the International Committee for Harmonization (ICH), to help applicants prepare marketing-authorisation applications for medicinal products for human use. The safety guidelines are written to ensure that duplication of studies is not required for various regions in the world. These guidelines also indicate that the non- clinical studies are performed in “relevant species”, and that pivotal studies for risk assessment of pharmaceuticals, such as the repeated dose toxicity testing, have to be performed in two species, one of which must be a non-rodent.
In Europe, medical products tested in NHPs over recent years include all classes of pharmaceuticals and the main reason is the fact that no other species showed the same primary pharmacodynamic response. NHPs are also selected when they represented a well-established model for pharmaceuticals of that class or are the most relevant species for detecting known side effects. In addition, NHPs are used in testing because of recommendations from regulatory agencies including the US FDA, the EMEA, the Japanese authorities, and the WHO. For vaccines, some European Pharmacopoeia monographs, the US Code of Federal regulations (US CFR) and WHO monographs require that bulk and/or seed lots of live viral vaccines are tested for safety (i.e. neurovirulence) or potency on defined numbers of NHPs.
The species for toxicity testing selected based on its similarities to humans with regard to pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, including biotransformation and in certain cases also where anatomical similarities are essential. The use of a non-rodent species for the characterisation of new medicinal products aims at limiting the uncertainty in the extrapolation process fromanimaltoxicity data to the humansituation. Such uncertainties are species variation, scaling from small, short-lived animals to large, long- lived species, and use of a homogeneous animal population (NCB, 2005). Dogs are most frequently used as the non-rodent species, and NHPs are only used when testing is considered essential for safety assessment.
The CHMP has defined criteria on the demonstration of relevance of an animal species to predict human safety (EMEA/CHMP/SWP/28367/07).
Limited availability of new pharmaceutical in early stages requesting small size animal to allow fast development of new pharmaceutical for serious medical condition.
According to all these recommendations, NHPs should only be used when it is scientifically demonstrated that none of the other non-rodent species commonly used in safety testing is appropriate for the purpose of the study.
Due to the similar menstrual cycle and the anatomy and physiology of the mammary gland of NHP females and human females, NHPs (cynomolgus monkeys) are the more pertinent species in term of predictivity of relevant reproductive effects (Buse et al., 2003; Cline, 2007; Luetjens et al., 2005) and are therefore often chosen as non-rodent species for classes of compounds, which are expected to provoke effects on the female genital organs.
Regarding the ocular system, the retina of NHP and man show some unique features (e.g. both NHPs and humans have a macula lutea/fovea) not found in other mammals (Stone and Johnston, 1981) and therefore NHPs represent a more relevant model of specific ocular effects for discovery and development of new pharmaceuticals as compared with other species.
NHPs are less susceptible to vomiting than dogs. Thus, pharmaceuticals with an emetic effect in the dog may be tested in the monkey (Weber, 2005). Vomiting does not only limit exposure of the pharmaceutical administered, but is also a major hurdle to accurately characterise early effects on behaviour and on the cardiovascular system.
The blood coagulation system of NHP is more similar to humans than that of any other species (Abildgaard et al., 1971; Lewis, 1996) and thus, NHP are often the most suited model for humans to assess potential toxicity of coagulation factors and anti-coagulation agents.
NHPs are the most appropriate animals to characterise safety of many biotechnology-derived pharmaceuticals, especially monoclonal antibodies, since the most relevant species for testing is selected based on species-specific aspects of the immune system. Monoclonal antibodies are highly specific to their targets and accurate prediction of ‘on-target’ effects requires testing in a species which shows cross-reactivity, thus frequently requiring testing in NHPs as only species cross-reacting with humanised monoclonal antibodies (APBI-NC3Rs,2006; Weatherhall, 2006); (Chapman et al., 2007).
Recent regulatory guidance for assessing human drug abuse of new central nervous system (CNS) pharmaceuticals may further increase the need for testing in NHPs, since all CNS-active pharmaceuticals with properties indicating stimulant, depressant, hallucinogenic, or mood-elevating effects require an evaluation of abuse liability (EMEA/CHMP/ SWP/94227/2004). Whilst the rat is in principle acceptable for self-administration studies in the EU, NHPs are preferred in Japan.
Historically, non-primate species have been used for reproductive toxicity studies, generally mice, rats and rabbits. However, rodents and rabbits are not necessarily the most accurate predictor of teratogenicity or reproductive toxicity in humans due to differences in placental anatomy and number of foetuses. In addition, they are not suitable models for all aspects of human reproductive toxicity, specifically for the investigation of agents suspected or known to interfere with the menstrual cycle. In such cases, NHPs may be more predictive for human toxicity. The male cynomolgus is also a good model of male fertility in specific cases (Ehmcke et al., 2006; Millar et al., 2000). Rodents can also not be used to assess the safety of novel hormonal intrauterine devices or cognitive dysfunction associated with the menopause (Schlatt et al., 2008; Wistuba and Schlatt, 2002). The need for NHPs in specific aspects of reproductive toxicity testing is exemplified with lenalidomide, a compound recently approved to treat multiple myeloma. Lenalidomide is structurally related to thalidomide, a known human teratogen that caused severe birth defects during the late 1950s and early 1960s when given to pregnant women suffering from morning sickness. In rodent reproductive toxicity studies, lenalidomide did not induce teratogenic effects. In rabbits, although reproductive toxicity was evident, no limb abnormalities were observed, while in a group of animals treated with high doses of thalidomide, there was a significant incidence of multiple limb abnormalities (Revlimid, EPAR). Studies with thalidomide in monkeys have shown high similarity in teratogenicity to that documented in humans, both in terms of doses and types of malformation (Hendrickx et al., 1983). Since the Cynomolgus monkey appeared highly relevant for humans, both with regards to pharmacological and toxicological effects of lenalidomide, reproductive toxicity testing in NHPs was requested by the CHMP. These studies showed that lenalidomide produced malformations (short limbs, bent digits, wrist and/or tail, supernumerary or absent digits) in the offspring of primates that received the drug during pregnancy. Consequently, lenalidomide is expected to be teratogenic also in humans and specific precautionary measures need to be taken if lenalidomide is to be given to women of child-bearing potential.
The development of therapeutical monoclonal antibodies has resulted in an increased need for primates in reproductive toxicology since the immune system in macaques is much more similar to humans compared with rodents. In addition, the ontogeny of the immune system differs between rodents and primates, including humans, in that the immune system in rodents is less mature at time of birth. Rodent safety testing may therefore miss potential effects in a critical phase of development in uterus.
The need for specific safety and efficacy testing of drugs used in paediatrics in “young” animals may further increase the use of NHPs since the age-dependent development in NHPs is very similar to humans and NHPs may therefore be preferred over rodents as a test species.
Selection of the non-rodent species for safety testing is considering species specificities and also recognizes that toxicity testing in NHPs is not always predictive of all aspects of human toxicity. For example, regarding livertoxicity, the dog may be more representative of human metabolism than NHPs and in general, hepatobiliary toxicity in humans has been poorly predicted from animal studies (Peters, 2005). Although the NHP is the most representative species with regards to several of the aspects of the human immune system, there are important differences in, for example, parts of the T-cell intracellular signalling pathways. This was illustrated in the TGN1412 case which resulted in severe side effects in humans, but induced only a weak signal in NHPs (Waibler et al., 2008). Existing animal models also have limited capability for prediction of certain types of drug allergy in humans (Bala et al., 2005).
Therefore, for a safety assessment of a medical product it is required that all relevant information gathered from a variety of animal and non-animal models including computer-based prediction of biotransformation for a final conclusion based on a weight of evidence approach (Boobis et al., 2008; Doull et al., 2007).
Examples for major new treatment options for debilitating diseases where NHPs have been used in the safety assessment as the best available model for humans due to close similarities in physiology and anatomy are the development of a humanised recombinant antibody to treat severe asthma (EMEA, Xolair), an antibody directly injected into the eye to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor thus preventing neovascular age-related macula degeneration often resulting in blindness (EMEA, Lucentis) and the approval of prostaglandin analogues in eye drops to decrease intraocular pressure thereby preventing loss of vision in patients with glaucoma (Stjernschantz, 2001).
Section3.1.2 Selection of non-rodent species for toxicological studies and rationale for using NHPs, p.11 -14.
The development of safe and effective intervention strategies against emerging and currently circulating human pathogens, like vaccination and treatment with antibiotics, antivirals and other medicines, are urgently needed. The three major global health threats are HIV, malaria and tuberculosis (TB), but new pathogens, such as the SARS- corona-virus and avian/pandemic influenza viruses, are emerging. In the developing countries, AIDS, malaria and TB are major sources of morbidity and mortality and have a severe impact on the economic burden for affected families (Russel, 2004).
Several vaccines currently used to protect humans against fatal infectious diseases have been developed through studies in NHPs. Before new candidate vaccines can be evaluated for efficacy in humans, their efficacy has to be assessed in animals. For several infections, NHPs are the only animal species susceptible to the infectious agent and proof-of-concept of candidate vaccines can therefore only be studied in these species. As an example, the final confirmation of the efficacy of smallpox vaccines must be performed in NHPs, using exposure to monkeypox (EMEA/CPMP/1100/02). Other infectious agents for which NHPs have been a valuable resource for vaccine research include influenza virus, paramyxoviruses, flaviviruses, arenaviruses, hepatitis E virus, papillomavirus, Mycobacteria, Bacillus anthracis, Helicobacter pylori, Yersinia pestis, and Plasmodium species (Gardner and Luciw, 2008). Furthermore, to understand the mechanisms of protective immune responses induced by candidate vaccines, it is critical to use an animal model in which the immune system closely mimics that of humans. The choice of the animal model for testing new vaccines and drugs will largely depend on the nature of the pathogen. Many human pathogens have co-evolved with their primate hosts for many millions of years, and a process of mutual adaptation of pathogen and host has taken place. For this reason, many studies on pathogenesis and subsequent intervention studies are most effectively carried out in NHPs.
Vaccination studies conducted in rodents are not easily translatable into clinical trial protocols, due to qualitative differences between rodent and human immune systems. Therefore, the validity and the quality of the induced immune response to the vaccine need to be assessed in an animal model that is genetically very close to humans. Safety assessment of the candidate vaccine, which is required before entering into clinical trials, needs also to be performed in NHPs.
The use of NHPs may be necessary for the rapid identification of newly emerging infectious diseases with pandemic potential. For example, studies on NHPs led to a rapid development of the appropriate intervention strategies, which effectively prevented a pandemic spread of the SARS-coronavirus (Osterhaus et al., 2004).
Section 3.1.3 Uses of NHPs in research regarding treatment and prevention of infectious diseases, p. 14-15.
The spread of HIV/AIDS can probably not be stopped without the use of an easily accessible vaccine. However, the immediate goal is not to develop a 100% effective vaccine, but a vaccine that at least partially protects against HIV infection and also protects against development of AIDS in patients already infected. A 50% effective vaccine given to just 30% of the population, could reduce the number of new HIV infections in the developing world by more than half in 15 years (IAVI, 2006).
Preclinical studies in NHPs play a key role in AIDS vaccine development (Morgan et al., 2008). Vaccine efficacy data are generated from immunised NHPs challenged with either simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) or chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency (SHIV) virus (Letvin, 2005). Macaques infected by SIV develop clinical signs very similar to those in humans infected by HIV. In addition, the development of the disease in macaques is predictable from the viral load in the blood at early stages of infection (Sato and Johnson, 2007). Mucosal immunity is known to play a critical role in the susceptibility of humans to HIV infection. In this context, NHPs, which are also susceptible to infection via the mucosal route and thus mimic the natural infection in humans, are a unique model that currently cannot be replaced by in vitro systems (Yuki et al., 2007).
In addition to their traditional utilisation to judge vaccine safety and immunogenicity, NHP models are also employed to probe fundamental mechanisms of primate immune system regulation, to investigate pathogenic mechanisms of AIDS, and to optimise immunisation strategies involving novel vaccine vectors (Staprans and Feinberg, 2004).
Animal models can only be validated after successful trials in humans and the determination of correlates of protection. The HIV-vaccines tested to date in phase III trials in humans have failed to achieve the desired protective threshold. Therefore, we cannot at present judge the full validity of the currently used NHP models for vaccine research. However, NHP models yielded data on immune responses to vaccines congruent with clinical data (Makitalo et al., 2004; Sandstrom et al., 2008). This finding suggests that primate models are valuable as adjunctive testing systems to prioritise future therapeutic and vaccine strategies (Haigwood, 2004). In fact, there is now a growing consensus in the field that candidate vaccines should be studied even more thoroughly in NHPs before moving into large and expensive clinical trials (Morgan et al., 2008).
Section 3.1.3 Uses of NHPs in research regarding treatment and prevention of infectious diseases, p. 15-16.
According to WHO (WHO, 2008), approximately one third of the world population was infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 2006, and more than 1.7 million people die from tuberculosis (TB) every year. The current TB vaccine (BCG) was developed at the beginning of the 20th century, and is still the most widely used vaccine worldwide. However, its efficacy is varying. In the last 15 years, new strategies to improve or replace BCG have led to several candidate vaccines being evaluated in human clinical trials. These vaccines are based on the “prime-boost” principle, and have been extensively tested in animals, including NHPs, before clinical trials (Ly and McMurray, 2008).
As for many infectious diseases, there is no ideal experimental animal model for TB, and information has to be gathered from studies in various animal species. NHPs develop pulmonary granulomas in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and show an immune response similar to humans. There are differences between macaque species in response to vaccination and protection against infection. Comparative studies in these closely related species are likely to provide insight into mechanisms involved in protection against TB (Langermans et al., 2001).
The mouse and guinea-pig provide important and often complementary answers to TB vaccine questions. Before proceeding to human studies, however, it is necessary to perform confirmatory studies on efficacy in NHPs (Kaufmann, 2000). Only the most promising vaccine candidates are considered for NHP experiments.
Source & ©: SCENIHR, The need for non-human primates in biomedical research, production and testing of products and devices (2009), Section 3.1.3 Uses of NHPs in research regarding treatment and prevention of infectious diseases, p. 16.
In 2005, the WHO/UNICEF reported that approximately 350 to 500 million people were infected with malaria (WHO/UNICEF, 2005). More than one million die from the infection each year; many of them are children under 5 years of age. The challenges to develop a successful vaccine are great, as there are 4 species of malaria that infect people. In addition, during the course of malaria infection, the human host is confronted by four distinct life cycle stages of the parasite. Each of these life stages presents new antigens (targets) to the immune system. Human genetic differences can also affect the level of immunity in response to a vaccine. Therefore, a vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum, the most serious malaria parasite, must account for the genetic diversity of both the parasite and the human host, and provide effective immunity against all different life cycle stages of the parasite.
The owl monkey (Aotus) and the squirrel monkey (Saimiri) are the only species (besides the chimpanzee) that are susceptible to the human malaria parasite and they are used (in very limited numbers) to test the potential efficacy of human malaria vaccines (Gysin et al., 1996; Herrera et al., 2002). The rhesus macaque has also been used to study the immunogenicity of candidate vaccines, without studying protection against infection (Stewart et al., 2006). A candidate vaccine developed with the use of NHPs is now in Phase III studies. Although many challenges have yet to be overcome, the development of an effective malaria vaccine is likely (Dolan and Stewart, 2007).
Section 3.1.3 Uses of NHPs in research regarding treatment and prevention of infectious diseases, p. 16.
As an example of other infectious diseases, hepatitis C virus infects about 170 million people worldwide (WHO, 1999). The search for a vaccine against this disease is complicated by the fact that the only species besides humans that is susceptible to the hepatitis C virus is the chimpanzee. In earlier phases of hepatitis C vaccine development, in vitro techniques and other animal species are often used, and chimpanzees are only used for testing the efficacy of very promising candidate vaccines. Recently, a vaccine capable of eliciting virus-specific immune responses in baboons and genetically altered mice was developed. When testing this vaccine in chimpanzees, a significant immune response to the hepatitis C virus was elicited, and the virus became essentially undetectable in the infected animals for at least a year (Contie, 2007).
In Europe, studies with chimpanzees are not performed, and research groups that are studying this virus must utilise laboratories in USA and other parts of the world to perform the necessary experiments.
Section 3.1.3 Uses of NHPs in research regarding treatment and prevention of infectious diseases, p. 17.
Research in neuroscience collects knowledge on how the brain works in healthy human subjects and after disease and injury in humans and in experimental animals, including NHPs. Basic research is required in order to better understand how the brain works normally and in pathological conditions (Editorial, 2008). The main reasons to use NHPs in neuroscience are the close similarities between NHP and human brains in terms of overall anatomy, cellular structure and chemical communication, functional and cognitive abilities, neural circuitry, and in brain injury and diseases. This knowledge is useful, not only to understand effects and consequences of brain and spinal cord damage in humans and to devise therapies, but also help to construct new experimental models in silico and in vitro, and to develop new computational technologies. There is a continuous iteration between basic, translational, and applied medical research in neuroscience (Fitzsimmons et al., 2007; Moritz et al., 2008).
Neural injuries and diseases encompass disorders like epilepsy, cerebrovascular disease, depression, addiction, Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. These diseases have an important impact on society in terms of number of affected humans and their relatives affected (WHO NeuroAtlas, EBC). In 2004, 127 million, or one in three, European citizens were living with a brain disorder at a total cost of €386 billion (EBC, 2008). Brain research received 8% of the life science budget in the European Commission’s Fifth Framework Programme of research (FP5, 1998-2002), and 10% of the FP6 budget (2007-2010), a proportion that is likely to grow (EBC, 2008).
Although major advances have been made in past 50 years, our knowledge on human brain function is still limited and the use of NHPs remains crucial for a significant advancement of neurosciences (Weatherhall, 2006).
based learning (Schultz, 2002), motor function (Georgopoulos, 2000), and mirror systems (Fabbri-Destro and Rizzolatti, 2008; Rizzolatti and Fabbri-Destro, 2008).
Experiments using invasive neurophysiological recordings in NHPs raise some ethical concerns; however, our understanding of the functional organisation of the brain areas involved in vision, sensation, hearing, motor control and cognition in primates and humans has significantly benefited from of such work. An example is the research on primate visual pathways that led to a Nobel Prize in the early 1980s which, as well as elucidating visual centres and the mechanisms in NHPs, went on to discover similar pathways in humans (Rees et al., 2000; Tootell and Taylor, 1995). NHPs currently provide the only model to systematically study the relationships between the activity of a single nerve cell and higher cognitive functions. It is relevant to note, however, that in some instances, such as during brain surgery, neurophysiological recordings can also be made on humans (Alonso-Frech et al., 2006).
Some non-invasive research techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are used both in humans and NHPs, and provide highly relevant information on how the brain works, thus saving invasive studies (e.g. (Ellison et al., 2007). However, TMS can only be used to study human brain areas near the surface of the skull. If deeper areas need to be studied, it will require invasive methods (causing permanent and reversible lesions) in animals, including NHPs.
Motor control is another area where the use of NHPs has been instrumental for basic understanding of the production and control of arm movements (grasping and reaching) leading to brain-computer interface technologies which are of major relevance to help alleviate the consequences of brain lesions and spinal cord injuries (Moritz et al., 2008).
Only small aspects of the complex interactions in the brain can be studied using in vitro techniques. More complex interactions can be studied using brain slices, but this requires the sacrifice of animals. Cell cultures can be used to study synaptic mechanisms and cellular events occurring in single cells. For example, to study the role of neuromodulatory molecules (like dopamine) on a neural network requires the use of intact tissue because the location of receptors on the different cells at different stages of a local network is one of the important keys to understand how the neuromodulation will act on information processing by the network. Such mechanisms have been studied on rodents, in particular rat, brain slices. However, the characteristics of e.g. cortical arrangement of neural networks and distribution of the different dopaminergic receptors within the cortical layers differ greatly from rodents to primates. Although there are evolutionary trends of variation in receptor localisations between primate species, there are drastic changes between rodents and primates. Therefore, conclusions based on in vitro data are limited.
The use of animals in pain studies for the basic mechanistic understanding and for the development of therapies is one of the most controversial areas of research, but it has been estimated that chronic pain of moderate to severe intensity occurs in 19% of adult Europeans, seriously affecting the quality of their social and working lives (Breivik et al., 2006). A workshop was recently held to review and discuss the potential and challenges of using ethically conducted studies in human patients and volunteers to replace animals in certain areas in pain research and in the development of new therapies (Langley et al., 2008), and it appeared possible in some areas.
It should be noted that pain research is mainly performed in rodents and very rarely with NHPs. Research on neuropathic (chronic) pain is still a major issue since neither animals nor healthy humans are good models.
The study of the neurotransmitters (chemicals transmitting information between neurons), their receptors, transporters and enzyme systems in the human brain is key to understanding normal and pathological brain function, as well as to reveal possible targets for treatment. Basic mechanisms on neurotransmission and neuromodulation can be studied in vitro and in non-primate species (such as rodents and rabbits) (Carlsson, 1993; Vandecasteele et al., 2008). However, due to the large evolutionary distance between humans and rodents, the study of neurotransmitters and related molecules at the level of the entire brain requires research on NHPs. In fact, data on rodents may be misleading as their brain physiology and biochemistry is different from those of NHPs and humans (Bjorklund and Dunnett, 2007; Garrick and Murphy, 1980; Howell and Wilcox, 2002).
Brain disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, drug addiction and obsessive compulsive disorders, all involve malfunctioning of the highly developed primate frontal lobes and their interactions with other parts of the brain. This is also true of conditions such as traumatic head injury, Huntington's disease, stroke and some types of dementia, which also involve interactions between multiple systems in the brain (Gil and Rego, 2008; Van Hoesen et al., 2000). Such conditions cannot, or only partially, be reproduced in non-primate species. Even if NHP are not ideal models for the above conditions, their complex brains make them more suitable to further advance knowledge than non-primate species (Yang et al., 2008).
NHPs have been used to investigate neurological diseases occurring in human neonates. For example, rhesus can be a surrogate model for asphyxia insults at birth and accurately reflects the mechanisms and neuropathology seen in human newborns suffering from this condition. More recently, a premature baboon model developed for evaluation of bronchopulmonary dysplasia has been applied to the investigation of cerebral development and injury, revealing a high similarity in neuropathology to the premature human infant (Inder et al., 2005).
Stroke research does not use large numbers of NHPs, but the importance of their availability as a research tool is significant. An example of NHP use in stroke research was the development of the drug NXY-059 (Marshall et al., 2003) that had significant effects and reduce functional disability following ischemic stroke. The NXY-059 studies in NHPs were regarded as crucial in designing the SAINT trials in humans. While the SAINT I clinical trials showed some promise, the SAINT II trials revealed no significant effects. The review procedures from animal trials to clinical studies have been published and suggested a need, not to change the model, but the criteria for publication, evaluation and use of animal testing (Macleod et al., 2008).
Important efforts are being made to develop better models of psychiatric disease by screening large populations of animals to detect the presence of a similar disease in NHPs. In the study of depression, simple tests for anti-depressant-like activity of pharmacological substances are often based on known classes of therapeutically successful existing anti-depressant agents, but investigators have also endeavoured to reproduce factors in the laboratory that are believed to initiate depression in humans. Studies on large macaque colonies show that some individuals, in particular those of low social rank, express behavioural signs comparable with some human depression syndromes. Neuroimaging has shown activity deficits in NHPs, comparable with those in humans, thereby supporting their use for further neurobiological characterisation and modelling (O'Neil and Moore, 2003).
A model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in NHPs has been highly valuable in studying its pathophysiology (Beal, 2001; Boulet et al., 2008; Emborg, 2004; Hamani and Lozano, 2003; Mounayar et al., 2007). The application of deep-brain stimulation (DBS) in humans with Parkinson’s disease derives from experiments in a NHP model showing that destruction or high-frequency stimulation of certain areas in the brain reversed Parkinsonian symptoms. Over 40,000 patients have now been treated with DBS worldwide, and there are 160 DBS centres in Western Europe. In addition, DBS is showing promise in other brain conditions such as drug resistant cases of depression, obsessive compulsive disorders, and Tourette’s syndrome. However, there are still significant cases of unpredicted adverse effects, and numerous patients who are not suitable for DBS show there is still a need for further research such as advancements in DBS, local delivery of neural active substances, the application of neurotrophins and stem cells, gene therapy, and molecular neurosurgery (Hamani and Lozano, 2003).
Stem cell technology, like induced pluripotent stem cells, opens the possibility to use somatic cells of an individual to repair his own tissue, thereby removing some of the ethical issues concerning embryos and the problem of rejection. These technologies are being currently developed for the repair of brain tissue in Parkinsons, Huntingtons, in stroke and in spinal cord and brain injuries, but will likely require safety and efficacy testing in NHPs (Brundin et al., 2008; Chen and Palmer, 2008; Roh et al., 2008).
Research on sensory and motor systems has led to the new field of neuroprosthetics to restore the severe loss of sensory abilities or movement capabilities in paralysed patients (Weatherhall, 2006). The development of brain machine interfaces (BMI) has much benefited from neurophysiological experiments in NHPs showing that it is possible to use natural brain cortical neural activity to drive computers, robots, and artificial limbs, to restore volitional control of movement to paralysed limbs, and/or to compensate for perceptual deficits (Fitzsimmons et al., 2007; Moritz et al., 2008).
New fields and techniques to assess brain structure and function, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI, now routinely used for diagnosis in humans), and functional MRI (fMRI), are rapidly developing and increasingly employed in human clinical and experimental studies. Even though they are powerful means to study brain function, these techniques also have important limitations as they only measure blood flow, which is an indirect measure of neuronal activity (Logothetis, 2008; Vanzetta, 2006; Vanzetta and Grinvald, 2008). Other valuable non-invasive techniques, that provide useful information on how the brain works, include multichannel electroencephalography (EEG) and magneto-encephalography (MEG), both of which have a better temporal resolution than fMRI, but still have poor spatial resolution. Thus, fundamental research, at the level of single neuron activity (that may be invasive), is still needed to obtain information about how the brain works to improve understanding of pathological changes. Additional non-invasive novel technologies, like magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), provide information on the chemical composition of the brain. They represent potentially powerful tools to gather data on brain biochemistry; however, at present the information they can provide is much cruder than that provided by more precise methods, like positron emission tomography(PET),ligandbinding, micro-dialysis and immunochemical techniques.
Improvement of molecular and cell biology has reached a point where genetically modified NHP models of brain diseases are becoming available (Yang et al., 2008). Such genetically modified models will, potentially, be of even higher predictability power for human outcomes than rodent genetically modified models.
Section3.1.4 Use of NHP in Neuroscience, p.17 -20.
The shortage of organ donors for transplantation is a major societal problem and the waiting lists continue to grow due to limited organ supplies. Only a minority of patients who may benefit from a transplant will be able to receive one and 10-20% of patients on the waiting list for organ transplants will die before a donor organ becomes available (McManus et al., 1991; Leichtman et al., 2008). Furthermore, as the transplants themselves will also need replacing, this will exacerbate the situation. Novel sources of organs may help to reduce this shortage. In addition to treatment of the terminal failure of organs such as kidney, lung, liver and heart, transplantation is also being seen as a therapy for other diseases such as cystic fibrosis and for patients affected by diabetes and Parkinson disease.
The pig represents the most likely candidate as a source animal and NHPs represent the only useful proof-of-concept species. However, there are serious immunological incompatibilities between pigs and primates based on a specific immune response (anti- αGal), and only OW primates (such as baboons and cynomolgus), great apes and humans have anti-αGal antibodies. While rodents have been generated that exhibit an anti-αGal immune response, the response is weak, severely limiting the credibility of results in experimental models of xenotransplantation (Gock et al., 2000). In addition, there are several concerns over infections transmitted between source animals and humans, physiological functioning, and long term side effects due to the degree of immunosuppression required.
However, some xenotransplants have demonstrated a 2-3 year recipient survival in life- supporting NHP models. This indicates that long-term survival of a xenotransplant is achievable, even when clinically acceptable immunosuppressive regimens are used (Zhong et al., 2003).
Section3.1.5 Use of NHPs in Xenotransplantation, p.20 -21.

industry_corpus2: Biopharmaceuticals


text:
Matteo Valleriani does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
The study of history traditionally brings to mind images of dark, winding archives and the smell of dust; visions of academics poring through piles of documents to uncover secrets and find the missing piece, piles that are invariably too small to cover the subject and too high to be worked through.
But thanks to the internet, an almost inconceivable amount of sources are now available to the historian. The basis of historical research – manuscripts, rare books, images, and documents of a private and administrative nature like letters and financial plans – can now be accessed from almost everywhere. And this increased quantity of available historical sources doesn’t just mean that we now know it better. It means that now, we can know it differently. This quantity has affected the nature of our research. It has not only changed the kinds of answers historical study can provide, but also what questions we ask.
History comes in two flavours. There’s what I call micro history, and then there’s long-durée historical reconstruction. The first is characterised by detailed but temporally and spatially limited case studies; the second is rather a second-order reflection oriented by a historical hypothesis. This sort embraces a long spatial and temporal span but is informed by a limited number of selected case studies.
This has long restricted the kind of history that can be studied. But by mathematically analysing large historical data sets, it becomes possible to integrate the two approaches, conducting deep source analysis systematically while covering long spatial and temporal distances. In the field of history of science, which I work in, this is allowing us to investigate how the scientific knowledge systems that now dictate our lives formed.
Why is this possible? First, because the selection of sources against which historical hypotheses are proved, modified and sometimes rejected has increased. But also because such an increased number of sources allows for the consideration of more perspectives simultaneously.
For instance, historians of knowledge can now not only consider a much larger corpus of sources, such as a large quantity of scientific treatises from the past, but also the sources concerned with the institutional, economic and social context in which such treaties were produced. Historians have long called for a contextualised history of knowledge, but until now, long-durée historical reconstructions could only connect a few well studied examples by means of specific hypotheses of an economic or conceptual nature.
But if a much larger corpus of sources is able to be considered and analysed in detail, we can reflect more broadly about mechanisms of knowledge evolution. This allows us to move toward a more abstract understanding of our past. We can speak about the mechanisms of history – and other humanities – in a totally new, informed way.
An entire new discipline – the digital humanities – emerged in order to allow scholars to manage this wealth of information. Historical sources, their electronic copies and bibliographic metadata are increasingly immersed in a frame of annotations, ideas and relations electronically produced by historians while studying our material and intellectual heritage. Appropriate repositories have been created for all this data and a standard format for its preservation and reuse independently from these platforms and tools is being developed.
Open access to data, even more than to publications, is therefore becoming imperative. History writing is leading the humanities to contribute to that new frontier of science called big data.
So historians now have to get their heads around mathematics, too. While a database is never much more than an expression of arithmetic or linear algebra, the increasing amount of available data is calling for a more sophisticated approach. By joining force with sociology, history writing is now entering a new phase, characterised by the application of algorithms and work flows borrowed from the field of social network analysis.
Historical data is being explored by means of graph visualisations and network parameters. In particular, some models and packages allow historians to simulate how networks are changed by the decisions of those involved. These simulations are based on hypotheses that are formulated by the historians and hard-coded in the scripts. One example hypotheses could be “religious differences do not represent any obstacle for communication in the scientific society”.
For example, the historian Ingeborg van Vugt has used this multi-layered approach to explore the different ways in which information circulated in the Republic of Letters, the long-distance intellectual community of the late 17th and 18th centuries in Europe and America. Such research allows us to better visualise how the Age of Enlightenment, driven forward by these intellectuals, developed. The next step could be to statistically model this network, and so be able to pursue her research question by integrating an even broader wealth of data.
A network model for studies in history of knowledge has to consider an unusually varied set of data. There is the data of a social nature concerned with people and organisations; that concerned with material aspects of history, such as the conservation life of a book; and the data that represent the actual knowledge, the content of the sources. These are three different levels of one and the same evolving network for which explanatory mathematical models have been rarely conceived and even less realised. From this perspective, history writing is even about to challenge applied statistics.
Although mathematical modelling in the frame of history is clearly at its first steps, its introduction already appears unstoppable. This is creating the conditions for the emergence of a new vision, according to which we might be able to develop general mathematical models to explain how ideas and knowledge changed from a social and historical perspective. Perhaps we could even use these models in different areas of scientific research dedicated to the present and the future. And in such a future, humanities and exact science will begin to use the same mathematical language.

industry_corpus2: Subject Education


text: A successful actor, Jonathan Walker lent his talents to the big screen, most notably in drama. Walker worked on a variety of projects during his early entertainment career, including "American Blue Note" (1991) starring Peter MacNicol, "Big Bully" (1996) starring Rick Moranis and "Carpool" (1996). He also contributed to "Code of Ethics" with Melissa Leo (1997), "Happy Gilmore" (1996) and "Virtual Assassin" (1995) starring Michael Dudikoff. His passion for acting continued to his roles in projects like the Morgan Freeman thriller sequel "Along Came A Spider" (2001), "People I Know" (2003) with Al Pacino and the action movie "George A. Romero's Land of the Dead" (2005) with Simon Baker. Walker most recently produced "Van Helsing" (Syfy, 2016-).

industry_corpus2: Film & Entertainment


text:
Ice-free areas of Antarctica - home to more than 99 per cent of the continent's terrestrial plants and animals - could expand by more than 17,000km2 by the end of this century, a study published today in Nature reveals.
Led by University of Queensland School of Biological Sciences PhD student Jasmine Lee, the study is the first to investigate how ice-free areas in Antarctica may be affected by climate change.
Ms Lee said Antarctic ice-free areas cover less than one per cent of the continent, ranging from the size of a football pitch to the size of a small Pacific Island.
"Ice-free areas make for small patches of suitable habitat for plants and animals - like islands in a sea of ice," she said.
"These areas are home to the majority of Antarctic species - from seals and seabirds to mosses, lichens and small invertebrates, such as tardigrades and springtails.
"Many of these species occur nowhere else in the world."
To determine how much ice would melt around ice-free areas over the next 80 years as the climate warms, Ms Lee worked alongside colleagues from UQ, CSIRO, the Australian Antarctic Division and the British Antarctic Survey.
She found the melting ice could create up to 17,000km2 of new ice-free area across Antarctica - a 25 per cent increase on current levels.
Ms Lee said the majority of this melting would occur on the Antarctic Peninsula where the climate had already rapidly warmed.
"This expansion of ice-free habitat could lead to new opportunities for Antarctic biodiversity, although the warmer conditions will also encourage invasive species to establish," Ms Lee said.
"Many native species have evolved isolated from each other for extended time periods; they are mainly constrained by the availability of resources, such as water and nutrients.
"How they will cope with increasing connectivity and competition from invasive species is largely unknown."
Co-author and UQ researcher Dr Justine Shaw said, while Antarctic was one of the planet's last wildernesses, research showed - like elsewhere - it has been altered by climate change.
"Our work shows habitats that already support invasive species will become larger, meaning there will be more patches of land that can support invasive weeds and invertebrates," Dr Shaw said.
UQ Associate Professor Richard Fuller said the research provided a better understanding of climate change impacts on Antarctic biodiversity and plan conservation actions.
"We can use the models of expanding ice-free areas to help identify sites for protected areas, or pinpoint where we need to increase biosecurity," Dr Fuller said.
"Humans are one of the primary vectors of invasive species to the continent."

industry_corpus2: Technology & Research


text:
As far as the textile sector is concerned, IQAP specialises in the addition of colours and additives to the melted polymer mass during the spinning process. This technique provides outstanding advantages: on the one hand, a fully exact colour definition, adjustment and reproduction regardless of batch size, highest fastness and the possibility of conferring new properties to textile materials (intelligent textiles). On the other, outstanding economic and environmental cost efficiency, as no effluents are generated.
Sports: technical textiles, sportswear and fleeces.

industry_corpus2: Manufacturing


text:
(Crain's) -- An Oregon investment firm has purchased at a discount a $12.6-million foreclosure claim against a River North loft building, the first in what is likely to be a steady stream of sales of past-due loans on downtown office buildings.
Portland, Ore.-based Aspen Capital LLC in June acquired a $9.3-million loan on 363 W. Erie St. from Toronto-based Manulife Financial Corp., which last year filed a foreclosure suit on the 112,600-square-foot building, public records show. Including unpaid interest, property taxes and other charges, Manulife's claim totaled $12.6 million.
Steve Rosenberg, an Aspen principal, confirmed the purchase but declined to comment on the price.
The Manulife note is one of the few loans have been sold this year on troubled Chicago-area commercial properties, says Donald Shapiro, CEO of Rosemont-based property management and leasing firm Foresite Realty Partners LLC, which wasn't involved in the deal.
But such deals are likely to accelerate over the next two years.
"We are not on the bottom," he says. "The commercial side of the business is going to get worse."
The transaction also marks the resurfacing of government mole John Thomas, who played a role in the deal but has largely kept a low profile since revelations two years ago that he had conducted an undercover sting investigation for federal prosecutors while working in the Chicago commercial real estate industry.
Mr. Thomas, who was indicted under the name Bernard Barton Jr., is scheduled to be sentenced Sept. 11.
Mr. Thomas, who is now looking to buy distressed loans, said he offered to pay $7.2 million but was turned down by Manulife. Aspen's price was "substantially more," he says.
John Slivka, a vice-president with real estate firm CB Richard Ellis Inc., which represented Manulife, declined to comment.
Although distressed-debt purchases are widely discussed, such deals are difficult to complete, Mr. Thomas says.
"There's no financing out there, and if you don't close all equity (cash), you can't close," he says.
The controversial real estate executive's role in the transaction is unclear.
Two documents that transferred Manulife's loan to Aspen listed a local address for Aspen that was the same as Mr. Thomas' distressed-debt venture, Restructure Capital VII LLC, according to the Cook County Recorder's office.
Mr. Rosenberg said: "John ... was originally involved. He's involved in lots of stuff, but he's not involved with our ownership group at all."
Mr. Rosenberg declined to describe Mr. Thomas's involvement.
Chicago attorney Glenn Udell, who represents Aspen in the loan purchase and has also represented Mr. Thomas, said Mr. Thomas brought the deal to Aspen's attention.
"I think he was paid a fee by the note purchaser (Aspen)," said Mr. Udell, a partner in law firm Brown Udell Pomerantz & Delrahim Ltd. "I don't know if he was paid it, or if it is owed to him."
The use of Mr. Thomas' business address was an error, he says.
Mr. Thomas denies having any financial interest, saying: "I got nothing on the deal. I wasted my time."
Meanwhile, Aspen is hoping it hasn't wasted its money.
The venture that owns the building filed for Chapter 11 protection from creditors after Manulife filed its foreclosure case in Cook County Circuit Court.
As part of a proposed reorganization, Aspen would get a $500,000 payment up front and a mortgage for nearly $9.9 million that wouldn't come due until 2014, according to a document filed last month in U.S. Bankruptcy Court in Chicago. The loan would charge 8% annual interest.
As part of the reorganization, the building's current owners, which include interior office architect Jean Bellas, would retain ownership. The foreclosure suit would be settled.
The reorganization plan has already been discussed with Aspen, says bankruptcy lawyer Paula Jacobi, a partner in the Chicago office of law firm Barnes & Thornburg LLP, which represents the building's current owners.


text:
“Us” movie drove 70 Million!
After last Sunday Jordan Peele’s “Us” movie has reached $70 million mark, after it was estimated to only reach 25.4 million. The worry was that it would be lower than “Get Out” exit polls and a polarizing ending, that Us would fall further. However everyone was astonished. Fandango reports that Us is still No.1 in advance ticket sales for Sunday. “Simply put, Jordan Peele is a genius, and we’re thrilled he put his signature touch to the genre,” beamed Universal domestic distribution boss Jim Orr. “Folks come out of the movie and they have to talk about. It’s really a topic of conversation, how people are interpreting the movie. That’s a great sign for legs.” Their were several records spotted in the previous write-up, chiefly that Us reps a record opening for an original horror film. Us is the best opening for a live action original since James Cameron’s 2009 Avatar ($77M), thoughthe second best for an original piece of IP behind that mega-grossing epic.
Us drove total weekend ticket sales to $148.6M, plus 14% over a year ago. RelishMix noticed the divide over Us on social media. “Fans want to talk about the end of Us immediately after seeing it. This clip from Insider, which discusses the ending, posted on Friday, has over 629k views. To say the discussion is polarizing is accurate, in that some Jordan Peele /Get Out/ horror fans are singing the movie’s praises. Universal and Peele kept this movie under wraps for a while, stating that it was only a social horror film back when the pic was first announced. They kept this intrigue up as long as they could, down to the Rorschach teaser poster which Peele dropped on his social media, a moment that flooded Twitter with 176 million impressions. The first trailer hit on Christmas Day, collecting more than 106M global views. The next big high profile spot for Us aired during the Super Bowl pre-game which earned more than 64M total views.


text: Many of you know that I have been working diligently to establish a quality breeding facility for our cherished Labrador Retrievers. Our program is now complete with the addition of Life's Abundance products. I use these products with complete confidence that they are the best on the market. Please take some time to browse the site, read the material and watch some of the videos. I'm sure you will come to agree with me that these products are second to none. Contact me with any questions!

industry_corpus2: Agriculture & Fisheries


text:
The birds just stay away, as they know they can’t get in anymore. Unpleasant odours have also been reduced significantly.
Thanks to the Maxidoor, the large front entrance to the recycle plant, can be completely sealed. This prevents the wind from affecting the waste too much. The lorries can drive through the gate without difficulty, which was a key requirement.


text:
3 Selectable base fuel curves, increase ATV performance!
DYNA III Electronic Ignition increases the high rpm coil energy storage by approximately 70%! The Dyna III allows the coils to build up to maximum current, and even at high rpm's, you get a more powerful consistent charge to the plugs for top operating efficiency.
The Dyna 2000 for four cylinder engines represents a breakthrough in motorcycle ignition flexibility.
Dynatek Pro Series Crank Trigger is a newly designed crankshaft pickup for use with the Dyna 2000 Sportbike.
Boost ignition power in your points equipped motorcycle.
These high tech, top quality coils are designed for maximum performance. They produce spark voltages in excess of 30,000 volts and spark energies second to none.

industry_corpus2: Automobiles


text:
PlaneConsult is an aviation consultancy led by Conor McCarthy who has 39 years experience in the airline industry. Conor brings a unique combination of skills, experience and airline knowledge combined with an intimate understanding of both the full service and low fares airline business models.
Conor is a co-founder of AirAsia which was established in 2001 with two old 737s and is now Asia’s largest and most successful low-fares airline, with 170 aircraft and 50 million passengers a year.
Conor has been leading a dedicated team of aviation professionals to provide airlines with business model reviews of all functions, enhancing profitability by increasing efficiencies and helping to implement recommended goals and develop long term strategy.
All our specialists are leading experts in their field and we cover all the key airline functions.
Together we have hundreds of years experience!
PlaneConsult specialists have extensive airline senior management expertise and experience both within Europe and other continents, covering multiple airline business models.
Full service airline? Low cost carrier? No two airlines are completely alike and we have the expertise to assess the strengths and opportunities for every airline in any market.
From full audit of the entire business structure to improved efficiencies in the turnaround process. From expert advice on maintenance contracts to planning and set up of a Low Cost Carrier. We have the expertise to ensure deliverables are achieved on large, small and ad-hoc projects.
We provide knowledge transfer to client’s personnel to ensure they are given practical support and guidance in preference to an “academic study” approach. PlaneConsult has gained a unique reputation of delivery and successfully implementing their business plans. Our specialists create relationships with key personnel to ensure mentoring and knowledge transfer takes place.
Our specialists are all capable of imparting their skills, knowledge and experience in developing the talents of local nationals to enable them to take on a greater responsibility for the management and strategic development of the company in the future. We ensure that the accumulated years of knowledge from the subject matter experts becomes embedded in the day to day operations and ethos of the airline.
– PlaneConsult Clients include AirAsia, Thai AirAsia, AirAsiaX, Aer Lingus, AirOne, Air Deccan, Alitalia, Copa, easyJet, flyNas, Jetstar, MAS, Pegasus, Saudia, Safair, Spanair, Qantas, vivaAerobus, vivaColombia.
Andy is a career long aviation professional having spent over 37 years in the airline business. He began his career with a major UK based handling agent and progressed to become Ground Operations Manager of a widely respected vertically integrated UK charter airline with world- wide operations.
Andy was the original Operations Post Holder at easyJet, before moving to the same role in Go-Fly Ltd. He was part of the management buy-out team that subsequently purchased Go from British Airways.
With the merger of easyJet and Go, as the combined airlines Operations Post-Holder, Andy lead the amalgamation of the operational teams, implementing new systems and processes to effectively manage a fleet of over 100 aircraft with 3000 crew and 600 movements per day. He has strong expertise of start-up and amalgamation, development of structures and processes to facilitate rapid growth in an efficient and cost effective manner.
Having worked with PlaneConsult since 2004, Andy has worked on a range of projects in Europe, The Middle-East, Asia, Africa, Australia, Central and South America. This has included start-ups, legacy full-service network carriers, airport authority and multiple aircraft selection and customisation activities plus an interim CEO role for an African airline.
Andy has been a respected participant within industry forums including European Air Traffic working groups, UK CAA and was a founder member of United Kingdom Operations Manager’s Association (UKOMA). He spent several years as the Chairman of London Stansted Airline Operators Committee representing airlines when it was Europe’s busiest airport for low cost carrier movements. He has also represented low cost carrier airlines in UK Government industry study groups and been a guest lecturer at the City University, London.
Larry has over 42 years experience in line maintenance, heavy maintenance, materials and logistics, aircraft leases, engineering management and consulting. He spent 24 years working with Aer Lingus on Boeing (B707, B727, B737, B747, B767) and Airbus A330 fleet with shift manager responsibilities.
After spending three years as A320 Fleet Engineer and Line Maintenance Manager responsible for Transaer’s global operations, Larry was resident charter manager for Aer Lingus North American wet-lease charter program operated by B734’s.
Since joining PlaneConsult in 2003 Larry has had extended embedded roles in AirAsia Group engineering, based in Kuala Lumpur and Manila, and with VivaAerobus in Mexico. Other assignments have been in Europe, Africa and with Qantas Group.
Larry is accustomed to providing practical, quality engineering solutions at optimum costs to the airline without compromising aircraft utilisation, based on his accumulated hands-on aircraft engineering experience, including frequent involvement with complex aircraft lease inductions and returns, and with the detail negotiation, implementation and ongoing supervision of OEM and 3rd party material & services support agreements.
Fernando combines more than 24 years practical aircraft engineering experience with sound business acumen having graduated with a BSc in Aeronautical Engineering from University of Madrid and a degree in Business Administration from IESE (University of Navarra).
In addition to multiple airframe, avionics and engine training courses on Boeing, Airbus and Embraer aircraft, Fernando has successfully completed EASA and EU-Ops courses covering a wide spectrum of skill sets including auditing, human factors, quality assurance and cost reduction programmes.
Line management experience has been gained with senior roles in a number of Spanish scheduled and charter airlines including Iberia, Spanair, Air Europa and Futura. In addition to SVP Technical and Maintenance Postholder positions, Fernando represented Futura on the Board of a South American subsidiary airline.
Fernando has worked on multiple PlaneConsult projects in Europe, Asia, The Americas and The Middle-East covering technical, commercial and legal aspects of aircraft procurement, leasing and maintenance contracting for airlines, lessors and investor groups using multi-language interpersonal skills with a clear focus on cost management.
Shane has worked in the aviation business for 40 years and has extensive experience in Marketing, Sales, Project Management, Budget and Cost Management, Change Management, Training and Customer Service.
He joined Aer Lingus when he was 15 and worked there for 25 years, principally in the commercial area, progressing to senior management level. His roles included Sales & Marketing Manager, Profit Centre Manager and Head of the Frequent Flyer Programme. Other roles included member of the Board of Management of Air Travel Card, consultant to the Irish Travel Agents Association and three years seconded to Galileo Ireland.
In 2002 Shane took up the role of Managing Director of USIT, the largest student travel operator in Ireland. His role was to manage the business out of receivership for a private equity investor group who took control of the company. During his first year the company was returned to profit from a -€15m deficit and continues to trade profitably today.
Shane joined Conor McCarthy in PlaneConsult in 2004 as a Consultant, having previously worked with him on the Aer Lingus Express project. Since then Shane has built extensive experience consulting to a wide array of client airlines including Copa, Alitalia, Qantas and Malaysia Airlines at the Full Service Carrier end of the airline spectrum to AirAsia, AirAsia X and WebJet at the Low Cost Carrier end. As the Commercial lead, he was one of a 3-man team to establish VivaAerobus, Mexico’s first Low Cost Carrier. Other commercial projects delivered for clients have ranged from feasibility studies, start-up implementation, turnarounds, identification of additional revenue generation opportunities to interim management roles. He has also delivered a number of projects for Aer Lingus in the commercial arena over the past 5 years.
Shane has a strong academic background including an MSc in Marketing (awarded by the Smurfit Business School, University College Dublin) and is a qualified tax consultant.
Steve has developed a widely acknowledged reputation for his Ground Operations professionalism delivering both operational and financial efficiencies. His extensive knowledge and understanding of Ground Handling matters spans over 20 years having held upto VP level post-holder positions with low-cost carriers including Go-Fly Limited, Ryanair and Sterling Airlines as well as full service carriers Qatar Airways and Brussels Airlines.
An extended period of time with a northern European Airport Operator provided the opportunity to help develop LCC terminal facilities mutually benefiting the airport and its customer airlines to drive operational and cost efficiencies.
Steve has worked on airline and airport related projects with PlaneConsult and can apply expertise covering operational matters including insourcing and outsourcing of ground handling activities, cost reduction strategies, resource optimisation, performance development and digital and self-service deployment projects, all designed with a clear objective to maximize ground handling process efficiencies.
Steve holds an IATA Cost Reduction Strategy Diploma, Aviation Quality Management and JAROPS auditor accreditation, UK National Aviation Security Level 3 Program clearance and was a Royal Air Force Air Traffic Controller before moving into commercial aviation.
Ricardo brings an international career, having held a variety of aviation management executive positions; including the functions of strategic planning, business development, route network design & optimisation, capacity & fleet planning, business economics & financial analysis; large scale asset transactions, Joint Ventures and Alliances – contract negotiation and optimisation, project management and corporate due diligence processes.
Prior to consulting services, Ricardo was responsible for both planning and managing the implementation of major strategic initiatives at Bombardier Commercial Aircraft (BCA).
He has also held SVP roles for Network, Fleet and Strategy in both Grupo Mexicana and Aeromexico.
He holds a Master of Business Administration degree from Concordia University in Montreal, Canada and he obtained his Engineering degree from the National University of Mexico. He also holds certificates in: Business Strategy and Business Development from La Salle University and ITAM (“Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México) in Mexico City, respectively.

industry_corpus2: Aerospace


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A 4-year-old Philadelphia boy was killed by a shard of glass when a picture frame fell at his home, authorities said.
Adrian Ortega was playing upstairs at his Northern Philadelphia home Wednesday night with his sister when the glass picture frame fell from the wall, WPVI reported. It sent a piece of glass flying that impaled the boy in the stomach, officials said. The child was later pronounced dead at the hospital.


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Perched on the side of the small hill of Almyrida, overlooking its Bay, stand the Villas Dina.
The well- presented, small modern block of the seven apartments is owned by a local family who take pride in this property.
Because of its elevated position catches the sun and a lovely sea breeze.
The apartments are all simply but nicely furnished. They are comfortable, bright and each one of them has its own sea view balcony with chairs and a table so that all the guests can enjoy breakfast or a drink, reading a book.
The master bedrooms have a double or two single beds.The second bedrooms have two single beds.They are spacious and have large wardrobes.
All the living rooms are spacious with sofas and chairs and all have doors leading to a big balcony with a sea view.
All the kitchens are well-fitted with kettle,coffee maker,toasters,kitchen,freezer-fridge etc.
All have their private parking,a sea and mountain view,big balconies and there is a garden frond of them for additional pleasure with BBQ ,chairs and tables and a swing seat.
Almyrida is a ideal location, if you want a quiet family holiday, plenty of sun and sea.
Food and drink? You will find many restaurants and traditional taverns serving freshly caught fish and Cretan traditional dishes next to the sea, plus a few cafe-bars for snacks and cocktails.
You will find three super markets,many taverns and coffees shops 1 minute away with car.There is a sandy beach 2 minutes away on foot and is suitable for kids because of its depth.
The prices are from 40 euros per night to 90 euros per night.
We have many offers so please contact us for the exact price.
Our apartments are about 40 minutes from the airport and 30 minutes from the port.
Car hire is recommended if you want to take advantage of activities in the local area but we can also send you a taxi to pick you up from the airport.

industry_corpus2: Hospitality & Catering


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The doctor-patient relationship is perhaps the most important facet of health care and wellness. Knowing that your physician is going to hear what you have to say is just as important as knowing that he or she will make the correct diagnosis and administer the proper treatment. Having the time and willingness to develop this relationship allows my practice to better serve your healthcare needs both physically and emotionally. We care and are excited that you care also.
He and his staff are always personable, professional, and proficient.
Louis, you Are the best!
Louis, you Are the best! Especially on weekends and when I am out of the country and get sick, which lately has been often! Thanks for being there.
I am so happy you are my doctor, Louis!
I am so happy you are my doctor, Louis! My biggest worry in moving to Baton Rouge was finding a doctor that I had easy access to when something popped up. Getting in touch with you is so easy I wonder why I ever worried about it. Thank you more than you know.
Happy Doctors' Day! I appreciate greatly the fact that you will respond promptly to any request for advice, even if the request is made on a weekend. Additionally, I am comforted by the fact that you have been so thorough in evaluating each and every complaint I have had.
Thank you for being available to Gail and me whenever you are needed.
We can’t thank Dr Minsky enough for his caring and dedication.
Dr. Minsky is second to none, in my humble opinion. He has always been there for me personally and when my husband was dying with lung cancer anytime I needed him during regular hours or after hours.
I would--and do--recommend him to anyone looking for an excellent doctor who treats the whole person, not just his physical ailments. He is the best!
My experience with Dr Minsky has always been positive.
I have known Dr Minsky for many years. He is always willing to listen and direct me in ways to lead me to better health. He is kind, knowledgeable and very thorough. My experience with Dr Minsky has always been positive. Happy Dr's Day and thank you.
Dr. Louis Minsky is fantastic and he was truly outstanding working with/for us during this ordeal !


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Astronomers at York University occupy the north hallway of the third floor of the Petrie Science and Engineering Building (named, like the CASCA Prize Lecture, after the noted Canadian astronomer, Robert M. Petrie). Not only does our floor include classrooms used by students from a variety of science and non-science courses, but it also contains the main entrance to the York Observatory that houses 40 cm and 60 cm telescopes in two separate domes, and which regularly hosts public viewing sessions throughout the year, serving thousands of people.
It is in this setting that astronomers have recently established two education and public outreach (EPO) initiatives that are the subject of this update; a series of posters down the main astronomy hallway, and video content for our new Astronomy Education Station (AES) situated in the NW corner of our hallway.
Though the Department of Physics and Astronomy has seven astronomers (though only six at the time these initiatives took shape), our research interests span the four major areas of modern astronomy: Planets, Stars, Galaxies, and Cosmology.
The faculty coordinator Michael De Robertis, and senior undergraduate Richard Bloch, solicited feedback from each faculty member as to the most important information (with supporting graphics) that might appear in each poster. While most of the graphics used in the posters are non-proprietary, Richard produced the remaining graphics using Adobe Photoshop. After extensive vetting of the text and design by faculty involved, seven posters were produced along with an index poster. Each poster was printed in 0.9 m x 1.2 m format and mounted sequentially along the hallway covered by a thin sheet of Plexiglas. The title of each poster was given its own colour. Key words in one poster that are more fully described in another were printed with the colour of the other poster’s title for easier reference. An image of each of the seven posters is included at the end of this article. Departments and institutions are free to use any of the text. Reproduction of the images themselves can be used with attribution.
Since their mounting in 2015, the posters have drawn the attention of visitors and students in the hallway.
Posters, while interesting, are a passive medium. We therefore initiated a plan to supplement more active and engaging astronomical content to students and visitors of our hallway. This led to the introduction of the Astronomy Education Station.
The AES consists of a 60-inch Sharp SmartTV driven by a modest PC. The PC is housed in a small locked closet near the TV, a holdover from the days when overhead and slide projectors used in nearby classrooms necessitated such storage space. To prevent theft of the TV, we purchased an inexpensive locking system. Potential damage to the screen was also a concern, given that the facility operates continuously without monitoring (in addition to being in proximity to two student pubs!). We were able to get a local vendor to produce an inexpensive, thin, durable plastic cover that slid onto the TV screen and that could be secured in place. The protective screen is unfortunately slightly more reflective than the TV screen itself.
Since the AES is within earshot of not only classrooms but faculty offices, it became immediately apparent that we had to forego sound in favour of captioning. (There is still a sound option that can be used during Observatory tours after hours, but the facility is normally muted.) Some of the NASA videos we chose were already captioned. Those which weren’t captioned, as well as content created in-house, had to be captioned. Captioning does not present a serious challenge; free captioning like that provided by YouTube, while not very efficient, can be edited to produce a perfect script without much effort, particularly since experts suggest videos of this sort should not be more than 2-3 minutes or so in duration, in order to better retain audience attention.
The first generation of videos for our AES involved short NASA videos on subjects from the International Space Station, to the Moon, Planetary formation, Galaxy formation, and the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. These were supplemented by student-produced videos on the general themes of our posters, as well as highlights of astronomy; i.e., a tour of the universe from planets through to large-scale structure using images from the HST.
As with our posters, we would be willing to share our in-house content with other institutions. Moreover, we would be interested in learning of such content produced by other groups across Canada and the USA.
1Richard is currently a graduate student at the University of Western Ontario.


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Authors: McGovern, S.; Goddard, B.; Rehfisch, M.
McGovern, S.; Goddard, B.; Rehfisch, M. (2016). Assessment of Displacement Impacts of Offshore Windfarms and Other Human Activities on Red-Throated Divers and Alcids. Report by APEM Ltd. pp 98.
Offshore windfarms have a number of potential impacts on birds at sea. One of the most significant is the potential to displace birds from within and around the windfarm footprint and associated ship traffic access routes – ie effectively to cause habitat loss (albeit indirectly). Divers and seaducks are generally considered to be amongst the most sensitive bird species to disturbance from such human activities in the marine environment and to be the most likely to exhibit displacement in response to offshore windfarm developments, but a range of other species, including auk species (Alcids) are also vulnerable to displacement from offshore windfarms.
Due to the relatively recent development of the offshore windfarm industry, there are as yet very few long term datasets covering the periods before, during and following construction of offshore windfarms on which robust statistical analyses of distribution and abundance data for key bird species have been, or could be undertaken. The requirement of this project was to develop a novel approach to the analysis of the Outer Thames estuary datasets that enabled all of the data that were suitable and available to be used in the model building stages, to provide greater confidence in the model outputs and develop a modelling framework that can be updated to allow inclusion of additional post-construction data in the future.
The project also undertook preliminary modelling of the existing datasets (up to and including the first year of post construction surveys) to test for significant changes in the distribution and density of birds over time and to identify the location of such changes with a focus on pre-construction and during-construction changes.
The findings will be used by those engaged in marine spatial planning and impact assessments, in particular the Statutory Nature Conservation Bodies (SNCBs), regulators and developers in the offshore sector who need to assess the potential displacement impact of offshore development proposals on marine birds.

industry_corpus2: Power & Energy


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Find other destinations that offer GO Airport Shuttle or search for other transportation providers at Ketchikan (KTN) airport.
To get to Ketchikan from the airport you must take the 7 minute ferry ride. Ketchikan can be easily navigated by foot especially in downtown. Most of the tourist destinations are in and around downtown. Downtown can be rather busy during cruise ship season (summer) since the dock is right in downtown.
Ketchikan stretched north and south along the waterfront and outside of downtown is not especially crowded. If you play to visit some places outside of downtown there is the option to call a taxi service, car service, or us the local bus. The buses run about 60 minutes apart. There is a free shuttle during the summer until early fall to accommodate cruise travelers.
If you area a hiking and camping fanatic, then use our private sedan which will take you to a popular and well maintained hiking place, Deer Mountain Trail.
Experience the beauty and majesty of Alaska by taking our private SUV and visiting Misty Fjords National Monument. You will get what you’ve been missing all along in your adventure quest.
Rain or shine, Ketchikan is a beautiful place to visit. Hop into our stretched limousine and let us take you to Totem Bight State Historical Park and make sure you take a souvenir with you.
The city has several attractions, hotels and parks. Take our bus as you head to Southeast Alaska Discovery Center which is a favorite for kids.
view wildlife sightings like otters, seals, bald eagles and whales as you cruise through Ketchikan in our shared an ride. You can view them by a tour boat, small airplane or kayak.
Let our local personal driver take you to Wilderness Exploration and Crab Feast for a catch-a-crab tour without feeling a pinch on your finances.
Ordinary is boring. Drive through the streets in our taxicab and visit Creek street where you will have an opportunity to walk back in history.
Your visit to Ketchikan won’t be complete without a visit to Tongass Historical Museum. Our private van will get you there in time as you join other travelers in learning a lot about the place.
Ketchikan International Airport (KTN) is located on Gravina Island just west of Ketchikan, Alaska. The airport has more than 15 thousand airport operations each year which includes air taxis, commercial flights, military aviation, and general aviation.
Ketchikan itself is the southeastern-most city and in terms of population it ranks 6th in the state. Ketchikan has a population of about 14 thousand people. The city is on the Revillagigedo Island and it is named after the creek that flows through the town. It is very scenic in Ketchikan as it is situated on the Tongass Narrow at the food of a mountain.
Ketchikan has a local totem pole collection that includes the Saxman totem park, Totem Bight State Historical Park, Totem Heritage Center, and Tribal Fish Hatchery. Romantic getaways or family fun at the beach can be really easy to set up with Ketchikan outdoors. Their booth is at the visitor’s bureau on the dock.
The visitors bureau is also a great source of information for the things you want to experience while you are in Ketchikan. They provide a walking tour map, or you can find out about guided tours, and other activities. Explore Ketchikan: rain forest exploration, deep water channels, small islands, hikes, fishing excursions, and kayaking are just a few of the ways to explore the area.
Seafood lovers have come to the right destination. Wild Alaskan Salmon, cod, Dungeness crab, Alaskan king crab, are abundantly served at most restaurants. You will find some Filipino cuisine, vegetarian meals, as well as some burger joints. Some of the best choices are the Alaska Fish House (fresh seafood), Ocean view Restaurant (vegetarian choices), The Gallery (Filipino and Asian cuisine), and Burger Queen (fast food burger joint).
Camping in Alaska can be one of the most memorable experiences anyone has ever done. Camp grounds include Ward Lake, Last Chance, and Settle’s Cove. These locations don’t have many modern conveniences like electric or sewer hook ups for those in RV’s. There is a network of back country cabins provided by the US Forest Service. They also have a few free camp shelters. If you would rather traditional accommodations there is a Super 8 and a Best Western among other small boutique hotels.

industry_corpus2: Travel & Geography