text:
2. give a clear and valid reason for why this scenario can be discarded from the set of all Red Mary games.
Thus, using this approach, it would seem that there is a benefit in staying in a Reverse Monty Hall Problem scenario when the Red and Green doors have been selected and a goat has been revealed behind the Red Door.
This logic of irishsultan’s talks to me. He seems to have understood that I am only talking about what the likelihoods are once the door is opened, I’m not interested in scenarios in which the host opened another door altogether or the contestant selected another pair of doors. This understanding might contribute to my finding the argument so appealing.
Another factor is that irishsultan’s result, in combination with chrysics assertion that if there is a Red Mary and the Red and Green doors have been selected, then the likelihood of 1/2 of winning from a switch, would indicate that there is a change of likelihoods just as the door is opened. Perhaps I just got them around the wrong way?
I don’t want to leap at that just yet, appealing as it may be since it would bring the hostilities to a close. I want to think things through a bit more, both in the response to chrysics’ and ChalkboardCowboy’s comments below and also in a couple of articles in which I continue my arguments (arguments which I accept might well turn out to be wrong).
What I want to do now is highlight why I didn’t find chrysics’ formulation so persuasive, even though it could be said that he was saying the same as irishsultan. Hopefully, in that process, I will address his question.
In The Reverse Monty Hall Problem I made an effort to make that which was by necessity a hypothetical scenario as real as possible. I took the reader to a shopping mall, exposed them to three doors, asked them so select two, opened one door and then asked them if they would like to switch doors.
Given some of the comments I received, it appeared that this was not clear enough so I wrote Marilyn Gets My Goat, trying my best to cast the scenario in terms of a very real situation – with a real contestant, a real host, real doors painted real colours, real named goats with real photos (they aren’t my goats, but they are real goats) and a real (albeit concept) car – in which the contestant selects two doors and is then obliged, once a specific door has been opened to reveal a specific goat, to assess the probability of winning if they switch doors.
In the scenario I described, the contestant has selected Red and Green doors and the host has opened the Red Door to reveal Mary the Goat. My question, in this very specific situation is, given what the contestant knows, what would she assess as the likelihood of benefitting from a switch?
I have to respond that, in my scenario, the possibility of the contestant having selected Red and White is 0, because the contestant has already selected Red and Green, and the likelihood of the contestant having selected White and Green is 0, because the contestant has already selected Red and Green. I consider the fact that there are different probabilities in those scenarios for winning as a consequence of switching as irrelevant.
From my point of view, the likelihood of Mary being behind the Red Door and the likelihood of the contestant having selected Red and Green are both 1/1 – once the doors have been selected and the Red Door has been opened revealing Mary.
The fact that chrysics kept going on about possibilities that simply don’t exist anymore after the door is opened (at least in my conception) was just causing problems in communication. I was very happy to see, however, that single scenario that remains possible is the one to which he attributes a likelihood of 1/2 – which is my answer for what I could see as precisely my scenario.
Now, that said, what I think that chrysics was saying and what I know that irishsultan was saying is that the contestant, once the Red Door is opened, not only knows that the game is a Red Mary game but she also knows that she knows that the game is a Red Mary game. Their argument, therefore, is that the knowing that you know makes a difference.
When asked to select two doors (and assuming that I would select two doors at random), I would know that there would there would be 3 possibilities, all of which are equally likely.
Now, what chrysics and irishsultan are both effectively saying is that, once I see that Mary is behind the Red Door, the likelihood is no longer 1/2 (the figure that I had just calculated), but is now 2/3.
Holly Mant: So, Marilyn, you have selected the Red Door and the Green Door. Pick a goat any goat!
Holly Mant: And now of your two doors, pick one only!
Marilyn: Well, ah, the Red Door.
Holly Mant: Excellent. So, given that you have picked the Red Door and Green Door, let’s examine the possibility that Mary was behind the Red Door. Ignoring the fact that it would be against the rules, if Mary were to be behind the Red Door, what would be the likelihood that you would win the car if you were to walk up to the White Door right now and open it?
Holly Mant: Well, you’re in luck, Marilyn … (opens the Red Door to reveal Mary) … There you go, the likelihood of the car being behind the White Door is 1/2.
Marilyn: No, no, no. Not anymore. There’s now a 2/3 likelihood that the car is behind the Green Door and only a 1/3 likelihood that the car is behind the White Door.
As said, I do find irishsultan’s argument particularly appealing, but this situation is still somewhat of an issue for me. I take “X being the case” as taking precedence over “knowing that X is the case”, facts are true even if I don’t know them to be true. I understand that this might be no more than a wishy-washy philosophical standpoint rather than a hard and fast mathematical conclusion, but I think that there might just be other relevant arguments in support of the 1/2 result. One of these addresses Chalkboard Cowboy’s central issue.
Chalkboard’s approach is to use the Law of Large Numbers, namely the tendency of multiple iterations of the same experiment to produce results that match the likelihoods associated with an individual iteration of that experiment. In this case, he argues that if the likelihood of winning from switching is 1/2 then if you repeat the Reverse Monty Hall Problem (or Monty Hall Problem) many, many times, the results will tend towards 1/2. And they don’t, they tend to 2/3.
Chalkboard is right in that this is a major problem in my argument, one which I have to address with more than hand-waving. I’ve tried to explain in terms of multiple mini-games, which doesn’t seem to convince anyone, so perhaps a Large Number argument might.
Then there is some sort of faffing about before one of the empty slots are removed from consideration.
If you run this stripped down version over and over again, you’ll get 1/2 as your likelihood of winning with either of the two slots left to choose from.
Now, I agree that the Monty Hall and the Reverse Monty Hall Problems are quite specific instances of this general “Monty Faffs About” game, but would anyone disagree about the 1/2 likelihood result for the overarching “Monty Faffs About” game, a result that would be produced by Large Numbers of instances of “Monty Faffs About”?
The question then is whether, in any specific instance of “Monty Faffs About”, the Law of Large Numbers tells us that the answer is 1/2 or some other answer.
> Holly Mant: Well, you’re in luck, Marilyn … (opens the Red Door to reveal Mary) … There you go, the likelihood of the car being behind the White Door is 1/2.
> Marilyn: No, no, no. Not anymore. There’s now a 2/3 likelihood that the car is behind the Green Door and only a 1/3 likelihood that the car is behind the White Door.
No, the chance in this instance is 50/50. This is similar to the Monty Fall setup (and the Monty Faffs about), and different from Monty Hall.
What you are missing is that it is important *how* the contestant learns that he or she is in a Red Mary situation. In this new case he learns it through luck: in 1/3 cases (MAC MCA from a total of 6 equally likely cases) will the host open the red door to reveal a Red Mary. This leaves 2 cases, one which he wins if he switches (MAC), and one in which he loses when he switches (MCA).
I hope you can see for yourself that this difference affects the probabilities.
I'm a little sad that you agree so readily that the likelihood associated with Monty Faffs About is 1/2. I'm not sure whether you agree that the Monty Hall Problem and the Reverse Monty Hall Problem are subsets of the Monty Faffs About games (subsets with specific faffing about).
I think I must agree with Nick's first comment (if I interpret it correctly) to the extent that he indicates that the little chat between the host and the contestant makes no difference. I think you might have been distracted by a turn of phrase "you're in luck". If you look back at Marilyn Gets My Goat you see that the host doesn't choose which door to open, she opens a door at the instruction of her producer. Therefore, the additional chit chat should not have any impact at all on the opening of the door and it's merely coincidence with respect to the talked about door being opened to reveal the talked about goat (this is a 1/3 chance, so it's not a huge coincidence by any measure).
If you maintain that it does have an impact, then we get into the situation in which the contestant could run the conversation in her head. Would that have an impact?
I think you are assuming that because the contestant identified the Red Door and Mary, the host was thus obliged to open the Red Door revealing Mary. That wasn't stated anywhere at all. The question then is, do the assumptions of the contestant affect the likelihoods? I'd suggest not.
However this makes it very clear again why there could be a difference between P(Green Car|Red Mary) and P(Green Car|Host revealed Red Mary). If there is a chance that the host doesn't reveal Red Mary in a Red Mary event then these are fundamentally different questions and there is no a priori reason why the outcomes should be similar at all.
As far as Monty Faff, I got the answer wrong there, I read it incorrectly. It's not the same as Monty Fall (but it's still 50/50). Why is this different from Monty Hall (or the revers Monty Hall problem)? Because here the host always has a choice of which goat to eliminate, this means that all remaining options are equally likely. Why does it differ from Monty Fall? Because there the host is more likely to fall into a door with a goat if the contestant originally selected the door with the car.
Thus monty faffs differs from the situation where the contestant chooses first, with reverse monty hall there sometimes is only 1 goat to eliminate by the host (in which case staying wins) and sometimes there is a choice (in which staying loses). Because the contestant knows nothing about the distribution of the goats he will select 1 goat in 4/6 possible situations, leaving a 2/6 chance that switching wins the game.
Neopolitan, I would have thought that the solution to your "Monty Two Face" problem might have cautioned you against continuing your 50/50 argument for the RMHP - apparently not.
Mathematically the solution to the RMHP where the contestant has selected the RED and GREEN doors and Monty has opened the RED door to reveal Mary is shown below. Unsurprisingly the answer is 2/3.
So,staying with the GREEN door gives you a probability of 2/3 of winning the car.
Hi Marley, I wrote a version of this above, in the article that you are commenting on and irishsultan wrote a version in the comment that I was responding to. I'm at a bit of a loss as to what you are adding. Are you suggesting that I or irishsultan came up with your answer the wrong way?
In the plethora of posts and different blogs I'd assumed that you were still arguing that it was 50/50 in a single instance of the RMHP after Monty revealed a goat. If that assumption was incorrect and you now realise that staying is a 2/3 chance then I apologise..
Well, I found irishsultan's argument appealing, but I still have an issue as described in the article above.
The argument (that staying is a 2/3 chance) is more than appealing, it is correct. I have no idea what you are now disagreeing with, if in fact you are disagreeing with anything.
What we need now is more people in this mess!
So, before I begin, I've thought this through a bit, but I might be hasty in my conclusion, someone will correct me if I'm wrong.
There is an important difference between "you gave information on where one of the goats are" and "you have information the goat behind one of your two doors". In what you call Red Mary games, we get the information that Mary is behind the red door, independent on whether red is a color you chose or not if you first choose two colors/doors and then you learn that Mary is behind one of these, then you have gotten a different type of information.
So if you want to analyze the situation where the host asks you to choose a door and a goat, and gosh darn you guessed correctly, you would have to include the situations where you chose the white (last) door as well, and then the host could not in any situation tell you if you were right or not! In your scenario, the Red Mary guess is not independent on the doors chosen! This turns the situation you describe into a 2/3 scenario as well, once you account for all the probabilities.
What irishsultan says is possibly also correct, it depends on whether the host opens the door you chose if possible or he the host still just opens a random door if there is a choice.
Also, that should have been "you have information on where one of the goats are", and "you have the information that the goat is behind one of your two doors". Dang autocorrect.
Welcome Nick, the more the ... well, more.
Some people have pointed out that issue here is subtle, but I don't think you've quite got my scenario. In my scenario, the contestant is required to assess the likelihood of winning as a consequence of switching after the doors have been selected and the door has been opened. At this point the "information on where one of the goats are" is precisely the same as "the information that the goat is behind one of your two doors". In my example, it's the Red door after you've selected the Red and Green Doors. You know that Mary is there, you can see her.
The issue I have revolves around whether knowing you know and just knowing are meaningfully different.
Yeah, but how you got to know the information is different, so they end up giving different outcomes.
You know where one of the goats are BECAUSE you know it's behind one of your two doors. This gives different probabilities than if you just knew where one of the goats were independent on the doors you chose.
1. The host will always open a door with a goat behind it.
2. The host will always open one of your two doors.
3. If this does not uniquely specify a door, the host will choose a random door.
All of these are equally likely, probability 1/6.
Both equally likely, so you'd win the car 50% of the time if you ended up on door 2, and 50% of the time if you ended up on door 3.
However, we are not in that situation, because the information we end up getting is dependent on the doors we choose. If we had chosen door 2 and 3 to start with, then we would never get the information that Mary is behind door 1.
So, let's look at what kind of information we have as a contestant. We know that we had 6 scenarios, all equally likely. We also guessed wildly that Mary was behind the red door, and we know we were right. So, how could we end up in this situation?
There's only two possible set-ups for the doors, MCA and MAC. However, in one of these scenarios, the host is forced to open the door with Mary behind it, Let us look at all possible set-ups and remove the ones we know do not apply.
MAC 1/6 chance: The host will reveal Ava 50% of the time. Impossible.
Rest: Impossible. Mary is not behind door 1.
So, as we can see, it's more probable that we are in our current situation because the original set-up was MCA than because it was MAC. In fact, the probability that we are in our current situation because the original set-up was MCA is 2/3.
I think my point here is that since you are forcing your contestant to guess that Mary is behind one of the two doors chosen, this gives you a 2/3 probability of winning by staying. We have MORE information than just "that door has a goat behind it". We also know that "that door is one of our two chosen doors". We can leverage this to increase our winning-probability up to 2/3.
1. That still doesn't answer the question of how a game in which Mary is behind the Red Door but the contestant picked Green and White is not a game in which Mary is behind the Red Door.
2. Your objection to my argument is yet another case of you ignoring facts I've told you multiple times. The argument you quoted applies only when considering the set of Red Mary games (i.e. it does not answer the question you're asking). It does not apply when considering the set of Revealed Red Mary games (the situation applicable to the question you're asking). For some reason you're continually declaring that I "agree" with you (which I don't), on the basis of an argument I've repeatedly told you does not apply to the question you're asking. You still make no attempt to explain why I am wrong in asserting the argument does not apply.
On your first question, does it actually matter much? After all, you can always relabel the doors so that the contestant picks the red door and the white door (which is why it's pretty silly that they are labeled like that anyway), this doesn't change any probabilities.
Yes, it matters. The point is that the "Red Mary" label does not show which door is opened. Neopolitan decided at some point that it would be useful to focus on a specific scenario, rather than the abstract, and chose "Red Mary" as that scenario. At first everybody assumed that this meant "games where the host opens the Red Door, and Mary is behind it", because that's the only rational assumption when we're being asked to judge the contestant's deductions after the host has opened a door. Then at some point a couple of days later neopolitan declared this is actually not what was meant at all, and instead it refers to "the games in which Mary is behind the Red Door" - regardless of whether or not the Red Door is opened. If Mary is in a fixed location and you relabel the doors so that the contestant picked Red and White, you have to also move Mary. And as the scenario doesn't correspond to the contestant's perspective on the game, this actually can alter the probabilities.
The first (and most important, imo) is that Red Mary does not have anything to do with the information available to the contestant. We're talking about the probability deduced by the contestant, after the host opens the door. But the contestant in an arbitrary Red Mary game only has a 50% chance of actually knowing that it's a Red Mary game. It's not actually a useful label in any eway useful for figuring out what the contestant knows, and (unlike the "Revealed Red Mary" situation) specifying that we talk about a Red Mary game doesn't actually give us any real insight into th contestant's thought process, since we can't make any assumption about what the contestant knows.
The second result is that neopolitan's argument about MCA and MAC being equally likely, thus giving the contestant a 50% chance of winning by switching, does in fact hold for a subset of "Red Mary" games (it's complete invalid for "Revealed Red Mary" games). If Mary is behind the Red Door and the contestant picked the Red Door then there are two possible arrangements of goats & car - one of which will see the contestant win by switching, one of which will see them lose by switching. And we have no basis to declare either arrangement more likely than the other, because when we consider "Red Mary" games (rather than "Revealed Red Mary") this doesn't tell us anything about which door was opened. We just know that Mary is behind the Red Door, even if the Red Door is still shut.
Neopolitan's been quoting the part of one of my comments where I said that this produces a 50% chance if the contestant picked the Red & Green Doors (or the Red and White Doors), and repeatedly referred to this as me "agreeing" with the claim that the contestant has a 50% chance of winning in a "Red Mary" game. For some reason, Neopolitan's interpretation of the label "Red Mary" includes the games in which the Red Door is selected by the contestant but not opened by the host, but excludes the games in which the Red Door was not selected by the contestant. Excluding the latter category removes a scenario which is non-isomorphic to the others - and as such, it changes the probabilities. Indeed if you count "Red Mary" games as those in which Mary is behind the Red Door and the contestant chooses the Red Door (but it's not required to be opened) then the contestant does indeed have a 50% chance of winning. Choosing to look at this subset of games makes absolutely no sense, the "Revealed Red Mary" scenario is far more useful. But Neopolitan seems to prefer the (entirely flawed) "Red Mary, assuming the contestant picked the Red Door" category because that produces Neopolitan's desired answer (though only because it no longer resembles the question being asked).
Ultimately you're right if what you mean is that the question doesn't matter at all to the issue of "what's the probability that the contestant will win by switching". But it does matter if you're (as neopolitan has been) trying to argue that it must be 50%, on the basis that Red Mary games give a 50% chance of winning - because they only do so if you refuse to count the Red Mary, contestant picked White & Green category, but there's no logical justification for that. And I'm sure neopolitan knows it because I don't believe anybody accidentally ignores the same question this many times.
When the host opens the Red Door to reveal Mary, the contestant knows, at that time, that she is in a Red Mary game in which she (the contestant) selected the Red Door and the Green Door. I fully understand that at that time, the contestant does not know whether she is also playing a White Ava-Green Car game or a White Car-Green Ava game.
Similarly, I understand that if the situation were different (which it isn't in my scenario as described in Marilyn Gets My Goat), the contestant could have been in a Red Mary game without knowing it, because either the host could have opened potentially have opened the Green Door to reveal Ava (in a similar Red-Green selection scenario) or the contestant could have selected White and Green or Red and White doors potentially allowing the host to open the White Door to reveal Ava. The point that I don't seem to be able to make clear to you is that in my scenario, the host opening the Green Door didn't happen and the host didn't open the White Door after the contestant had selected the White Door and one other.
In my scenario, the contestant selected the Red and Green doors and the host opened the Red Door revealing Mary. We can work out the probabilities (which I am swinging around to believe amount to 2/3 likelihood of winning from staying) while considering only the scenario that actually happened. Therefore, I am now almost totally convinced that your result is right, but I think you arrived at it incorrectly - given my scenario. The approach the irishsultan used was more appropriate for my scenario.
Re the 1/2 result, as I wrote in response to someone else, I still find this very interesting because it's what the dice tell me. I think that what you have said elsewhere might be very useful for working out why the dice tell me it's 1/2 even though the result in the scenario I describe, as I am beginning to accept, is 2/3. I need to ponder it some more though.
"When the host opens the Red Door to reveal Mary [...] The point that I don't seem to be able to make clear to you is that in my scenario, the host opening the Green Door didn't happen and the host didn't open the White Door after the contestant had selected the White Door and one other."
Now you're back to defining a Red Mary game as one where the Red Door has been opened with mary behind it. Which is exactly what everybody believed you meant in the first place, until you made a big kerfuffle about how despite all evidence to the contrary that totally wasn't what you meant and you were actually talking about any game in which Mary is behind the Red Door even if the host doesn't open it.
"but I think you arrived at it incorrectly - given my scenario"
I've made it very clear several times that I don't believe the Red Mary (no door-opening requirement) scenario is a good choice, because it does not correspond to the knowledge the contestant has and does not pin down a subset of games with uniform probabilities equivalent to the situation the contestant finds themself in. But if you're using it, you can either consider all games where Mary is behind the Red Door (including when the contestant didn't pick the Red Door at all) or calculate the wrong answer. Or more sensibly just pick a better scenario (such as "Revealed Red Mary") to consider in the first place.
" The approach the irishsultan used was more appropriate for my scenario."
Indeed it is. Irishsultan's approach (which calculates possibilities with the prior condition that the contestant knows they are in a Red Mary game) turns it into the Revealed Red Mary scenario. Which I've repeatedly told you is the correct way to approach it.
I stand by what I wrote in the link. I don't see how what I wrote above is inconsistent with what I wrote in what you linked. Perhaps we are focussing on two completely different things. I really don't know why I am finding this so difficult to explain to you, I think it might be because you don't read the whole comment since in my comment I wrote "I understand that if the situation were different (which it isn't in my scenario as described in Marilyn Gets My Goat), the contestant could have been in a Red Mary game without knowing it" - this indicates quite clearly that the door doesn't have to be opened on a Red Mary for it to be a "Red Mary game".
I'm willing to accept that it's possible that you were repeatedly (albeit implicitly) telling me to use the Revealed Red Mary scenario, but I couldn't simply see it because in my own muddled head I was reading you as mentioning scenarios in which the host didn't open the Red Door and scenarios in which Mary could not have been behind the opened door, scenarios which I (in my ignorance) could never justify referring to as a "Revealed Red Mary". It is mere fortune that, in discussion with irishsultan, I was able to arrive at what you had been telling me from the start, much later, via another route.
I don't see it in the actual text, but it's probably there between the lines.
And anyway, at least I made it eventually, huh?
OK, on reading again I can see that I misinterpreted that part of your post. Apologies for that.
Your analysis of "Monty Faffs About" reveals an assumption that you didn't make explicit when describing the game, namely the non-treasure slot which is removed from consideration is chosen at random. The (implied) fact that the six (_,X,~) arrangements are equally likely, and the fact (again, implied, not stated) that the contestant's strategy has no bearing on the result, requires this assumption.
So while you've attempted to make a "general", "overarching" game, what you've actually done is to specify exactly one game, which manifestly does not correspond to MH or RMH. You might as well call it, "Monty Opens a Random Goat Door". To answer your question, I do agree that in THIS game, the contestant has a 1/2 chance to win in any single instance, regardless of strategy, and that the long-run proportion of wins must approach 1/2.
I disagree that MH or RMH are "instances" of this game. The rules of all three are known, and it's easy to see that MH and RMH are equivalent to one another and inequivalent to MFA.
On the other hand, if you really want MH and RMH to be instances of MFA, then you can no longer assign any probability to winning at MFA, since it's no longer a well-defined game. It contains both MH/RMH (where the long-run win percentage with best strategy is agreed by everyone to be 2/3), and MORGD, which is clearly 50/50.
neopolitan said, "the contestant, once the Red Door is opened, not only knows that the game is a Red Mary game but she also knows that she knows that the game is a Red Mary game. Their argument, therefore, is that the knowing that you know makes a difference."
Oh, come on. Nobody is suggesting a distinction between knowing and knowing that you know. I hope we can all agree that, if we know Mary is behind Red, there is an infinite family of facts we also know, of the form, "I know that I know that I know that...I know that Mary is behind Red". This has no bearing on anything and we should move past it as quickly as possible.
When the host opens the Red door to reveal Mary, we learn two things: first, that Mary is behind the Red door (which we knew already) and second, that the host CHOSE to open the Red door. It's that second piece of information that alters the probabilities, as has been discussed endlessly already. In one situation he'll be forced to open Red (staying wins), while in the other (switching wins) he'll also have the option to open Green.
I agree that there is a problem with knowing that you know that you know that you know that you are falling into endless repetitions of "that you know". I think, therefore, that it is not purely that you know that you know (which is the core idea behind the "Revealed Red Mary" concept) but rather how you know. This seems to be already accepted because if you know because you are semi-god like and only know that Mary is behind he Red Door, or you know that it's a Red Mary game because Monty fell over, or Mary revealed herself in a fit of rage, then the likelihood that you will benefit from a switch is 1/2. So, yes, it is that we know that the host chose to open the Red Door. But that's not enough in itself either. For the result to be 2/3, the host must make the decision based on the selection of doors by the contestant and the host must choose between two goats at random (and fortunately that is built into the scenario).
As you can see, I am pretty much settled on the conclusion that I was wrong. I will update my articles appropriately once I've resolved the "what does Red Mary game mean?" dispute with chrysics.
When do you think you'll be finally settled to the conclusion that you wrong, and will you update reddit admitting such?
I am settled, I have started the process of trying to convince those I convinced that 1/2 is the answer that 2/3 is the answer (and explaining why), and I just posted another article in which I do announce that I am now convinced of the 2/3 answer. As to updating reddit. I can update those three instances where I posted a link, but it's not really my responsibility to address those where someone else posted a link. What I intend to do is top and tail my articles with my admission that I was wrong, once I've resolved that one final issue with chrysics or when I've given up on him responding, which will likely be after the weekend.
Reddit is now updated in those instances where I posted a link.


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In some cultures, death is not the end. Throughout the beginning of the Taiye Selasi’s Ghana Must Go, there is a lot of reference to death and different people passing on. I believe the author uses diction within the novel in order to get the audience to view death as not necessarily being the ‘end’ for someone right away. With diction, Selasi’s chose of words or phrases to describe events happening in the story can have various connotative meanings. In this instance, although death is associated with negative things, like sickness and it being the end of your life, Selasi uses this literary device to push the audience to look beyond those common associations.
The novel begins by stating, “Kweku dies barefoot on a Sunday before sunrise…he is on the threshold between sunroom and garden…” (3). Within this first section, the audience is immediately introduced to a character that is already dead. However, right after the first sentence of Kweku dying, the next one immediately jumps to him performing something only a living person would do, such as standing on a threshold. Not only does this suggest that Kweku is still alive from one angle of perspective, but it also hints at Kweku being able to do something like that in his death. Therefore, in choosing to place Kweku “on” the threshold “considering” whether or not to go back, Selasi has also challenged the audience to question whether Kweku is really dead, or if this is him beyond death. It is similar to how Kweku is set up for death a little later in the beginning section of the novel. “For he knows in a strange way, as the spiral comes to rest at wen everything dies, that he’s about to. He knows that he’s dying…but doesn’t notice” (21). In this instance, we see that Kweku is aware of his oncoming death, but does not notice it at the same time. The audience is able to relate to Kweku being that it is not entirely clear whether his death in the very beginning of the novel is noticeable or not, being that he is still described as living right after.
Another example would be when he was a child he tells his sister that she is not going to die from what he now realized was treatable TB. Even though there is a lot of blood coming from her mouth, and her body is very weak, she still responds with a wide smile, and says that she will. “And had, with a smile on her hollowed-out face, with her hand in her brother’s his hand on her neck, wide eyes laughing, growing wide and colder as he’d stared at them,” (26). To describe her eyes and smile to be “growing” as though she were still alive makes it seem as though death did not stop her from continuing to communicate with her brother. Again, we see Selasi placing an action for the character to do right after the indication of their death. In doing so, she is playing with the idea of something beyond death that makes it possible to still seem alive.
Amidst the flashbacks and actions in the present, the emotions and thoughts of characters burst forward onto the pages of Ghana Must Go like nonstop, powerful flowing rivers. This narrative technique, stream of consciousness, is one of the most intriguing aspects of Taiye Selasi’s novel as it directly delves into the psyches of multiple characters, exposing dark secrets and complicated histories. With little to no punctuation, the stream of consciousness abruptly gives the reader a vast amount of information that concerns a character’s thoughts and/or feelings on a certain matter of the story, such as a significant theme, plot point, or motivation. One of the most notable factors that is revealed through the stream of consciousness in Ghana Must Go is the family dynamics of the Sais, as demonstrated through the thought process of Sadie, the youngest child in the family.
Folasade Sai (known affectionately as Sadie) is the youngest daughter and child of Kweku Sai and Folasade Savage. While all of her older siblings are already all grown up, Sadie is the baby of the family, only twenty years old when first introduced during her birthday party in Part II of the novel. Being the youngest member of the family, Sadie thus remembers her father the least, as she was only a young child when he left. So when her older sister, Taiwo, calls and delivers the sad news of Kweku’s death, a barrage of mixed emotions in the form of a stream of consciousness erupts: “Did she know? Did she feel it? The loss of her father, the death of a man she had almost not known, who was gone before she was in grade school, a stranger? How could she have What could she claim to have lost? A memory. Someone else’s” (Selasi 148 – 9).
This passage reinforces the family dynamics of the Sais. We see that Sadie and Kweku were so distant from each other after his departure that she is unsure of whether or not she feels great sadness over his death. We see that, in addition to addressing Kweku as “her father”, he is also just “a man” and “a stranger” to Sadie. Furthermore, Sadie’s inability to explain her feelings clearly and decide on what loss she is experiencing as well as assigning her memories to “someone else” solidifies the rift that exists within the Sai family. It is a moment of great sadness for the audience with access to Sadie’s personal thoughts, but not a moment of sorrow for Sadie herself.
Sadie’s stream of consciousness thus allows the reader to get intimate with the private thoughts of Saide. By having access to a complex thought process that is not being shared with other characters within the novel, the reader is able to gain clear insight on Sadie’s perspective on the dynamics of her family, notbaly her strained relationship with her father. Being in the consciousness of Sadie also allows the reader to experience her own emotions alongside her, creating a connection that makes the story more layered, personal, and realistic as well as intriguing. With the stream of consciousness, Taiye Selasi therefore utilizes a literary device that overwhelms the reader with intense emotions and thought provoking concepts in a nonstop, nonlinear narrative fashion to capture the disoriented and tragic atmosphere of the split Sai family.
Selasi, Taiye. Ghana Must Go. Penguin Books, 2014.
Never have the words “All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely players” been more true than in the mind of Kweku Sai from Ghana Must Go. Kweku lives his life constantly imagining a cameraman recording his every move. The use of this metaphor appears throughout Kweku’s story, showing how he wishes himself to be viewed. Kweku envisions a “bridge between two worlds,” believing that by returning to his home in Ghana with his American-born son, he would be building that bridge: “He imagined this moment every day in Pennsylvania, how his cameraman would film it, panning up to [his mother’s] face. Cue strings. Tears in mother’s eyes. Wonder, joy, amazement. The awe of the siblings. The jubilation. Cue drums” (Selasi 52-53). Kweku’s cameraman metaphor reveals how his familial relationships are negatively affected because his actions are of a self-centered nature, even when he believes them to be otherwise.
Through the metaphor of Kweku’s inner cameraman, the novel critiques the character’s desire to control his family relationships, and therefore to control his own story with himself as a hero. He has entire scenes envisioned in his mind, complete with “strings” and “drums” (52-3). The cameraman is not just a cameraman, but “his” cameraman. Although many of Kweku’s actions would appear to be out of love, for example his tiptoeing to avoid waking Ama (who is actually very difficult to wake) much of his choices are made because he believes them to be a good story. This self-occupied view affects familial relationships, because his attempts to care for his family are actually based in an idea of living up to an imagined standard. The metaphor shows that he is not reacting to the needs of others, but to what an imagined audience would think of his actions.
The cameraman scene in chapter 9 emphasises the point made by the rest of the chapter: Kweku chooses what he wants to believe about himself, but those ideas are often untrue. His relationships with others are affected by his denial of his true emotions. He thinks he loves Ama for one reason, when in reality he loves her for other reasons. He prefers to be the director of his own story, and therefore denies realities. The cameraman metaphor is presented as if it were real; the novel does not refer to the cameraman as imaginary, but instead purely as “his cameraman” (52). The metaphor is then crushed at the end of the chapter, with the line “This is how he planned it. But this isn’t how it happened” (53). By setting up an elongated scene, then quickly destroying the possibility for scene to actually occur, this small passage shows how Kweku is often disappointed (and disappointing to others) because his cameraman imagery does not line up with reality.
The “cameraman” metaphor shows how people will see what they want to see. Family dynamics are built upon communication, and responding to the thoughts and feelings of others. Through Kweku’s metaphor, it reveals that even when he is helping his family members, it is often to satisfy the need to perform for an audience. This builds a wall (to use another metaphor from the novel) between himself and his family members, not only with the ones who have estranged him, but also between himself and Ama. He defines his behavior by how he would like to be seen, which makes it difficult for the rest of his family to truly get to know him.
Shakespeare, William, and David M. Bevington. The Complete Works of Shakespeare. Pearson, 2014.
Do we all turn into our Parents?
The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree. Or does it? Part one of Taiye Selasi’s novel, Ghana Must Go, narrates the complex personal relationships in the Sai family after the death of their estranged father. To tell th eir story, Selasi uses an intrusive narrator that delves into the inner thoughts and feelings of each character. This narrative style works to expose her characters’ emotional wounds and personal flaws to her readers. Within the first 2 chapters of the novel, Selasi sets up a parallel between the father of the family, Kweku, and his eldest son, Olu. Both Olu and Kweku are surgeons and in their sections of the novel, Selasi slips into clinical imagery which suits their medical minds. However, though these sections use similar diction, when taking a closer look at the structure of her sentences, the differences and strain underpinning the father-son relationship become clear.
In the second chapter of the novel, Selasi describes Olu finding processing the death of his absent father. Selasi writes, “…he’ll picture it- his father, there, dead in a garden, healthy male, fifty-seven, in remarkable shape, small-round biceps pushing up against the skin of his arms, small-round belly pushing out against the rib of his top…”(6). Selasi begins by using emotional, but terse phrases such as “his father”, “there”, and “dead in a garden”. The simplicity of these phrases demonstrate Olu’s unwillingness to engage with the emotional trauma of his father’s death. Just as these phrases do not take up significant space in his description, nor does he allow the event’s reality to take up space in his mind. As the passage progresses his thoughts shift into physical and clinical phrases such as “healthy male”, “fifty-seven”, and details such as “small-round bicep…small-round belly”. Though the physicality of these phrases suit his identity as a doctor, their medical nature communicate his deep dissociation and emotional repression in this moment. Instead of confronting the fact of his father’s death, Olu can focus only on the comfortable and clinical facts of the body.
Later on in the novel, Selasi flashes back to a moment when Kweku was under intense emotional stress- when his daughter was born prematurely. In this chapter, Selasi details Olu and Kweku walking together in the hospital the night of his daughter’s birth. From Kweku’s perspective Selasi writes, “He looked at Olu closely now, surprised by his height (and by other things he’d seen but never noticed before: the wide latissimus dorsi, the angular jawline, the Yoruba nose, Fola’s nose, broad and straight, the taut skin the same shade as his own and so smooth, baby’s bum, even know in adolescence)”(14). Kweku uses similar clinical language to describe his son’s body such as “latissimus dorsi, angular jawline” and “taught skin”. However, unlike Olu, Kweku’s emotional descriptions are interspersed throughout the clause. For example, he uses “Fola’s nose”, invoking his emotional relationship to his wife. Further, he describes Olu’s skin as “the same shade as his own and so smooth, baby’s bum”. Through identifying both parents in Olu’s features and using the word “baby’s bum” which associates Olu with childhood, Kweku’s identity as a father is highlighted. Though there is clearly strain on his relationship, as he has “never noticed” these traits, Kweku is not using his identity as a doctor to retreat from these realizations. Instead, his identity as a doctor and provider has wiped away the parental emotions that he is now grasping at.
Though Selasi’s word choice in these moments link these two characters as Docotors, her descriptions highlight essential differences between them. In both moments these characters’ are responding to intense emotions by falling back into their comfort zone of clinical knowledge. However, where for Olu it is a form of emotional dissociation, for Kweku his clinical knowledge is his natural state. Thus when emotions organically bubble up Kweku does not revile them, but rather grasps for them. Kweku’s sparse outward emotions communicate a future risk for Olu. Though disconnecting from emotions may have been a way to succeed for Kweku, it ultimately leaves him alone and estranged from his family. Therefore, Olu’s emotional retreat into clinical knowledge demonstrate a potentially dangerous outcome- abstracting himself so much from emotional connections that he ends up just like his father.
Selasi, Taiye. Ghana Must Go. Penguin Books, 2013.

industry_corpus2: Literature & Emotions


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Evening paddle boat ride. Hopefully a couple more opportunities this season.

industry_corpus2: Sports


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Major European-based companies are positive about the global business outlook, according to a new survey commissioned by the European Round Table of Industrialists (ERT). The first ever ERT CEO Economic Confidence Survey, conducted by the Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW), showed nearly 80% of ERT Members are confident about the European and global economy.
However recent discussions among ERT Members also show widespread concern about Brexit and the unprecedented challenges presented by the UK’s decision to leave the European Union - particularly in relation to future business investments. ERT Members are calling for greater clarity about the way forward in the short term and a focus on maximising continuity of policy and regulations in a transition period.
Almost all of our Members are expecting that Brexit will have an impact on their companies. We, as the European Round Table of Industrialists, believe that the EU project as a whole, including the Single Market, is of utmost importance. A hard Brexit would be most damaging for investment and jobs. The survey results demonstrate that ERT Members are confident in the European and global economy. However, this positive business outlook comes at a time of unprecedented challenges for Europe relating to Brexit and increasing market barriers globally.
The long-term relationship between the UK and EU is of great importance given the scale of the UK economy and its capabilities in security, defence, intelligence and diplomacy.
While discussions progress on the UK’s long-term relationship with the EU, an effective transition period is necessary to provide certainty over the next two to three years. Businesses will soon be actively planning for 2019 and both EU and UK businesses need a predictable pathway within the next three months if investment decisions are not to be materially impacted.
ERT Members, including the Chief Executives and Chairmen of 57 of Europe’s largest companies, believe this approach is in the best interests of both sides. It is the only way to minimise disruption and enable firms to adapt their business strategies.
Companies anticipate a moderate increase of sales in Europe and a slightly stronger development outside Europe – reflecting the participation of European multinational companies in the current global economic recovery and the acceleration of world trade. The survey points to the importance of trade and unrestricted access to global markets. The survey also sends a positive signal for long-term growth expectations: Nearly 50% of the ERT Members plan to increase their investment in Europe and an even larger share intends to increase investment outside of Europe.
The survey further highlights cyber-security threats to digitisation and the investments planned by businesses to address them. Around 80% of ERT Members state that cyber-security threats are indeed a barrier for further digitisation and, hence, are an important issue in their investment agenda. All companies of ERT Members plan to invest to improve their cyber-security framework in the next twelve months. Most important deficits are seen in the areas of public investment in technical infrastructure, harmonisation of cyber-security strategies among EU Member states and international cooperation between the EU and other countries.

industry_corpus2: Finance & Economics


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industry_corpus2: Power & Energy


text: Customer Service Agent needs 3+ years experience Customer Service Agent requires: customer service Advanced Microsoft Word, Excel, ACCESS, Desktop Publishing and Internet business application usage. strong interpersonal skills to effectively communicate with both internal and external clients. Customer Service Agent duties: Responsible for the scheduling, tracking and monitoring of the touch point plans and the contract renewal life cycle process with the account owners. Escalate issues to appropriate individuals for timely follow-up as required. May require direct interaction with customers for follow-up to secure purchase orders or to meet special invoicing conditions.

industry_corpus2: Others


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We went to Compostela weeks ago for the family day event in our subdivision, which was held at Boardwalk. Boardwalk is located like 300M away from the public market.
I thought I went to the wrong venue when the lounge of waterfront were full of women in burqa. I was invited by a friend to his graduation in Waterfront so I was expecting like people in casual or formal dresses; but seeing the women in burqa, I thought I might be in a Muslim wedding. Then, I snapped at myself of how my “cultural” exposure can be so narrow.
So I then realized that the college of medicine of SWU is quite a mix of different people: there were a lot from Mindanao, then Arab, African, and in the India area countries. It was somehow my first time here in Cebu to be a Christian, I feel like I was a minority. It was weird that I could remember my few Muslim friends, and this is probably how it is to be like them in this majorly Christian country.
All the time during the event, I could not help but to keep looking around. I was just amazed looking at different burqa styles.
There were women in beaded accessorized burqas. They’re probably a royalty?
Then on the other side are women in all-black dress and burqas.
They were a different kind of fancy.
Congrats again, Jossy. I knew him first in the tech startup scene, then he gave me a glimpse into their Nigerian / Kenyan and his other homies running team, and then now he finally’s done with his medical school.
Makati: PMS or True Colors?!?
I was excited about going to Makati but PMS (pre-menstrual shurva) hit me big time. When I played this Carol Banawa song throughout the flight, and tears rolling down my eyes for no reason, God help me!
So looking back now at that popular tita’s of manila-ish cafe Wildflour, I’m not sure if I don’t like it because I was having PMS when I went there or maybe it’s really an overrated place.
And, most of all, I hate all the “mug shot” photos taken by Mark.
And why this so fancy restaurant is most popular for their cronuts?!? It’s like why would people waste money dumping sugar on their mitochondria and that sweet matcha milk tea in this gedemit fancy expensive restaurant?!? I WANT VEGAN SHAWARMA!!!
Another meltdown was This was before election, and for the first time I had this drama discourse of my disappointments of the government inside Toby’s cafe. I was ready to cry for P*T*NG INA NA GOBYERNO ITO, HINDI MAN LANG MAKABIGAY NG INSTAGRAM-WORTHY NA PUBLIC MARKET! Hindi na sana kailangan ako magpunta ng Toby’s o Wildflour, pwede na sa Painitan na lang sana! Pang puto lang naman talaga ang beauty ko, hindi cronuts!
Anyhow, dinner went well at this highly recommended sushi place by Chay (I forgot the name.). It was my 1st time to be in where it felt those sushi resto in Japanese documentary movies.
After dinner, I enjoyed the startup talks held at the Acceler8, a (hip) coworking space. More details here https://mobile.facebook.com/events/1726143457664313?acontext=%7B%22ref%22%3A3%2C%22action_history%22%3A%22null%22%7D&aref=3.
John Bailon talking about their bitcoin-based product.
Salarium guy was also there to share quick update.
And i was happy to see Brian Tan Seng at the event. One of the few people tech people I would bump on both tech events, and running events. He’s a 100 miler ultramarathon runner, and he’s coffee geek!
It was somehow a perfect end of the day. We went to 98 Labs, office of Brian, somewhere nearby the Acceler8, and had cupsss of coffee!
The following day, we did not go home without getting goi con, mini shawarma.
This was my first time to be inside the Taboan Public Market, the famous pasalubong center of Cebu especially for its dried fish. Before, it was Nong Nardo who I ran to when I needed “bulad” for pasalubong because he has a lot of suki in Taboan.
Anyhow, out or curiosity, I went there and pick up some few pieces for a friend.
CHOICE PARALYSIS was my main problem when I got there. It was rows and rows, and stalls after stalls of dried fish inside and outside of the market.
This was the shop Nong Nardo suggested to me. It must be really popular because it has these framed of celebrity clients hang(sp?) in their shop.
By the way, there are shops there that accept credit cards. Mostly the shops that are located across the Taboan Public Market.
I went more around the market before making any purchase. I always find “Merkado” (public market) to be fascinating. I felt every thing in it is instagram-worthy because there’s just so much color, character, life, and that certain kind of smell which smells of no-BS hardwork.
The painitan owner also offered me tips on where to and what to around Taboan Public Market.
So protip 1 from the Manang, basically all the dried fish in Taboan are the same. If you want a bit of a lower price, get your dried fish inside the market where the sellers have no stalls.
Protip 2: Mondays are when the fresh supplies arrived.
Manang painitan also showed me to where to get some good tableya.
Expectation: We got this wooden doll from Folk Fiction event of Happy Garaje x Ballista Games years ago. I think this was made by Johanna, the silent majority of Happy Garaje. We actually got 2 of these but the other one got misplaced or something.
Kids visited Happy Garaje studio last week. It was part of their summer art class in Artastic. And their activity was creating this wooden art.
That nagging feeling that summer art classes are “parent’s trap.” 🙂 But it’s a trap I’m happy just to be.
Mati was already throwing tantrums because he’s feeling itchy and wanted to go home already after his haircut was done. But Migi’s barber took so much time working on his haircut.
I was also getting a bit impatient because Whyever it took so long?! All boys’ haircut are the same! And It’s just a P40 haircut! Whoever invest so much time on a P40-worth of service?!?
So I stood up, got nearer to Migi and the barber so I could give him my “impatient look” as to give him a clue to just cut it now na!
But he was so concentrated on making those eeny weeny careful cuts on my kid’s hair to notice me. And then I realized that he was really putting a much sincere effort on a damn seemingly boring haircut. It was as if he was working on a piece of art.
It’s so touching to see a man who spent so much time and effort for a P40-worth of service on a random kid who showed up in their shop.
I felt ashamed, and so I retreated back to the plastic chair. This time, observing the people around, they no longer are RANDOM.
On one side of the shop were two men who looked like they are from the construction industry. They seem to be a father and son tandem. Seated on the “barber chair,” they comb their long locks with their hands, looking at the mirror contemplating on how they wanted their hair to be done. The barbers approached them and they then proceeded to a serious discussion of how they wanted their hair to be done. It was as if it’s a million-peso deal they’re discussing.
On another area was another barber painstakingly forming the bangs of his client. He trimmed it to a particular style, which he probably have done it a hundred times on this particular client. It looked like they have that special “suki” relationship.
It’s like what would happen to that client’s hair if ever the barber will no longer be around?!?
What would happen to them if there will be a new president?
Who Can be the president be able to continue to provide an environment where men can get and barber service a decent P40 haircut?
Or maybe a president who can make the construction people still afford a P100 haircut?
Or maybe a president who can make the haircut be at P20 because the basic needs, social services, education, housing and other public services are so accessible and cheap that the barber can afford to have a more affordable service?
Or maybe a president who can make everyone afford a P100 haircut as well as provide basic needs, social / healtvhare services, and other public services to all demographics?
Or the very least for everyone to be able find ways to live decently however challenging it can be.
But at the end of the day, Filipinos are tough but are soft enough to be able to bend and blend with whatever is thrown at us.
We left the resort in Panglao Island tad early to go to Tubigon port. We always take the Tubigon-Cebu RoRo (roll on, roll off) / cargo shipping of Lite Shipping that we take when going to Bohol because it has the shortest travel time (2 to 2:30 hours) and it’s cheaper. The departure was still at 12noon but we headed there earlier because RORO schedule can be unpredictable, sometimes they’ll leaver earier or delayed or sometimes it’s cancelled. Either way, it’s best to get started early so we could still have time to change plans.
On that day, the RORO ship was going to be on time except that it was already full, including their later schedules. @.@ I cannot book in advance for Tubigon-Cebu trip in Cebu or in Tubigon that’s why we got boxed out (But I just learned on that day too, that you can actually book in advance for Tubigon-Cebu roro lite shipping in their Tagbilaran ticketing office.).
After calling Lite shipping Cebu office and Tagbilaran, our alternative was 12noon Tagbilran-Cebu and it’s going to take 5 hours.
We had another alternative which I really did not and will not like to take. Anyhow, Mark did the alternative way of inserting ourselves into the boat, and we got in the Tubigon RORO Lite Shipping 12noon schedule.
So THANK YOU again, Lite Shipping!!!
It’s our first time to be in the tourist accommodation because Mati was sick.
Landed in Cebu safely via LITE Shipping RORO.
Next to Bohol Bee Farm icecream, the thing I look most forward to in Bohol is their Tableya tsokolate (hot cocoa / chocolate drink). Forget about coffee. Their tsokolate, be it in resorts or in their merkado’s “painitan”, is just delicious. There’s that certain smooth thickness of their tsokolate. I think their tableya deserves to be on top of the local delicacy pasalubong of Bohol.
The “tableya” sold at Bohol Bee Farm were kinda pricey maybe because it’s organic. Searching for alternative, So I asked the chef of the resort’s resto, a few people, and a Boholano friend, and they all said to just get it from the “merkado” or grocery / mall.
So to make it more dramatic, I went to the Central Public Market, which was across a mall. Actually, everyone was just lazy, and the most convenient way to drop me off was at the market.
Painitan. A batirol is a familiar piece in Painitan’s in the markets of Bohol.

industry_corpus2: Travel & Geography


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A meteor is a meteoroid that has entered the Earth’s atmosphere, usually making a fiery trail as it falls. It is sometimes called a shooting star or a falling star.
The friction between the fast-moving meteor and the gas in the Earth’s atmosphere causes intense heat; the meteor glows with heat and then burns. This glowing phase usually happens 50 to 68 miles (80 to 110 kilometers) above the Earth. Most meteors burn up before hitting the Earth. Only large meteors can survive the trip through our atmosphere. Most meteors glow for only a few seconds before they burn up.


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In this tutorial, we’ll create a small skillbar consisting of 4 slots and bind the slots to Input Keys (1-4).
You can learn more about the Shortcut Slot System in this how-to.
We need new input keys for our hotkeys to call the shortcuts. Open the ORK Framework and navigate to Base/Control > Input Keys, add four new input keys and change the following settings.
Binding input keys to shortcut slots is done with Control Maps. We’ll create a new control map for the shortcut hotkeys, so we’ll also need to add it to the player’s combatant afterwards. Navigate to Base/Control > Control Maps, add a new control map and change the following settings.
Enable Field and Real Time.
While you can also use hotkeys in other battle types (e.g. turn based), it doesn’t really suit the ORK demo’s gameplay.
Click on Add Control Key to add the first key.
Copy the first control key and change the following settings.
Again, copy the last control key and change the following settings.
One last time, copy the last control key and change the following settings.
Now it’s time to update our player’s combatant – we’ll add the new control map and some default shortcut assignments. Navigate to Combatants > Combatants, select Brown Pants (the player) and change the following settings.
Click on Add Control Map to add the control map we just created.
The Shortcut Settings can be found in the Battle Settings of the combatant.
If enabled, the combatant would use the shortcut settings defind in it’s current class – this allows having different shortcuts for each class.
For our example we only need one set of shortcuts for our combatant.
You can have as many shortcut lists as you need, but only the currently active list can be used at a time.
Click on Add Shortcut in Default Shortcuts to add a default shortcut assignment.
This will add the default shortcut assignment to the first shortcut list (indexes start at 0).
We’ll skip index 0 for cosmetic reasons, we want to bind input key 1 to slot index 1, key 2 to slot 2, etc.
Click on Add Shortcut to add another default shortcut assignment.
That’s it for the combatant – we’ll only assign 2 of the 4 slots we want to display to have some free slots for the player to assign. Of course, the player could also assign new shortcuts on already assigned slots.
We’ll create a new GUI box to display the skillbar at the bottom center of the screen. The skillbar will be created using a HUD, which should also be dispalyed in menu screens where we can assign shortcuts using drag+drop. To make sure the HUD is displayed above the menu, we’ll add a new GUI Layer the GUI box will be displayed at. Navigate to Menus > GUI Layers, add a new GUI layer and change the following settings.
Set to HUD above Menu.
GUI layers are displayed above each other – i.e. layer 0 will be displayed below layer 1.
Now, navigate to Menus > GUI Boxes, add a new GUI box and change the following settings.
Set to X=640, Y=800, W=250, H=70.
And that’s it for the GUI box.
Finally, we’ll create the HUD to display our shortcut slots. Navigate to Menus > HUDs, add a new HUD and change the following settings.
To allow the HUD receiving drag+drop input, we need to enable this setting.
Enable Player, disable Ally and Enemy.
Click on Add Status Element to add a new HUD element.
This will swap slot assignments when assigning shortcuts from with in the HUD.
The Empty Slot Display settings are used for not assigned shortcut slots.
Click on Add Content Text to add a text label to the empty slot display. We’ll use it to display the slot index, which is also the hotkey.
The slot index will be displayed at the lower center of the slot.
The Assigned Slot Display settings are used for assigned shortcut slots and can display information about the assigned action, e.g. use costs, icon, name, etc.
We’ll use 4 labels to display the assigned slots, one for the icon, one for the name, one for the use costs/quantity and one for the slot index. The higher indexed labels will be displayed above the lower indexed ones. Click on Add Content Text to add the first label for the icon.
Copy the icon label and change the following settings to display the name.
Click on Add Content Text to add the info label (use costs, quantity).
Copy the info label and change the following settings to display the slot index (like in the empty slot).
That’s all for the slot displays. Finally we’ll set the Element Bounds.
And that’s it for the HUD.
In order to assign shortcut slots using drag+drop from menu screens, you need to enable this also in the different menu screens. Navigate to Menus > Menu Screens, select Inventory and change the following settings.
That’s it for the inventory menu screen.
Select the Abilities menu screen and change the following settings.
Now you’ll see a skillbar at the bottom of the screen, assigning slots can be done using drag+drop, using slots can be done using the hotkeys or also using drag+drop.

industry_corpus2: Gaming


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Fat Face bedding is now available in our Home Store, Smith Street.
The harvest floral print has been inspired by the natural influence of the shakers movement and in particular their beautiful botanical watercolour ‘gift paintings’. With fresh highlights of daffodil and coral, this casual yet sophisticates beddings on 100% soft cotton will brighten up any room.

industry_corpus2: Manufacturing


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Differentiate writing & grammar instruction through games.
Writing Across the Curriculum (WAC) can be fun and engaging for students. We will discuss differentiating writing and grammar instruction through games and engaging activities. The students will be writing away without even realizing it.
...it's no wonder our kids are confused!
. Snowball sharing: • At the teacher’s signal, students toss their snowball across the room.
• Students pick up two additional random snowballs and toss them.
• After tossing three snowballs, students pick up a fourth snowball, read it, and share it with their group of four.
• Cooperative groups evaluate their four analogies and select the best to share with the class.
How can you use that snowball activity with your students?
How can we make the learning stick? What does the research say? Grammar instruction is no longer defined by fill in the blank worksheets and simple identification. This session will introduce ideas to engage students to apply techniques of grammar in their own writing and practice skills through games.
Writer, Eric Jensen says that we discard 98% of everything that comes into our brains.
Students must learn that writing is visible thinking!
If you can think it, you can say it.
If you can say it, you can write it.
Whose TEK is this anyway?
What if they are pre-writers?
Drawing & speaking come before writing.
A learner must be able to connect to what is being taught!
The first key to writing is to write!
What was I supposed to remember again???
For students to remember and internalize information, they must move it from their short-term, or working, memory to their permanent memory.
Bite-sized Writing Instruction is best!
*Brief non-threatening writing activities develop fluency and confidence in small doses while providing the practice students need.
* Every writing activity does NOT have to go through all stages of the writing process.
Chunk the instruction and practice into small portions. Give the students immediate feedback while they practice.
Students need practice without penalty!
How important is practice? It takes 24 times to acquire a skill!
Mix it up & spiral the practice!
The research in the book, Make it Stick: The Science of Successful Learning, by Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, and Mark A. McDaniel, tells us that repeating one skill to perfection is not the best path toward long-term learning. Our learning is actually more durable if we mix it up with other skills or information before we master it. That “mastery” feeling we get from massed practice is really just our short-term memory hanging on to stuff. Sometimes we think students have mastered a skill only to find that it was only short term. To entrench learning in long-term memory, we have to space out our practice and mix it up with other things. In the classroom, that means we’re better off giving students shorter, spaced out practice on a regular basis, rather than clumping it all together (so 5 math problems every day is better than 20 all at once).
It takes 20 hours of deliberate practice to show mastery!
Quizzing that requires recall should occur frequently. This should not be multiple choice type of quizzing since that type does not require retrieval of information.
If it feels like play, it is!!
How can this activity provide differentiation for your special needs students?
Walk around and stop when the music stops and add your response to the poster nearest to you.
Let's try it with the info shots. Think about your subject area. If you teach social studies maybe you want the students to describe the Texas Revolution.
The music stops and the student is near poster #3.
The student could write: Sam Houston can be described as a leader.
The music plays again and the student is near poster #7.
The student could write: A group of volunteers transforms into an army.
You could also use dice with the info shots.
Turn & Talk - How could you use that activity to differentiate for your students?
2. How to remove blood stains from fabric.
No matter what question you are asked you may NOT answer with a proper noun.
How could you use Taboo in the content areas?
Discover Adjectives through mentor texts!
Ask students what they notice.
Because learning doesn’t usually stick the first time, students need multiple opportunities and a variety of experiences that provide both the time and the context for the ideas to be internalized. All the studies show that we remember very little of what we read and a whole lot of what we do. In light of this research, which is more effective? Reading and lecturing or creating a real-world simulation?
USE THE STUDENTS' OWN WRITING TO TEACH & REINFORCE THE SKILLS!
Students need to do, to participate, and to create!
Engagement means being involved or engaged in the process, and students need to be allowed to participate in and not be passive recipients of their education.
Give them an audience and you give them reason to produce quality work!
Allow them to contribute and/or manage the class blog.
Seesaw is ideal for this purpose!
Check out this student friendly blogging site!
Creator and college English professor, Amy Baskin, says, "... I am a learning environment designer."
Have the students create the games!
Get the students moving and engage the body and brain connection. Check out this article that shares some current research.
Have the students track their own progress!
Data notebooks can be an effective way for students to reflect on their own mastery of skills.

industry_corpus2: Subject Education


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Good News for us Furniture Dealers!!
Why I agree with Jilly Cooper, she rocks!!
Michael Winner says that 70% of Antiques are Wrong!

industry_corpus2: Real Estate & Construction


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Contacts1st.com has the best price on Avaira Vitality Toric (Same as Sapphire Toric) contact lenses by CooperVision. These discounted contact lenses are the exact same lenses you would get from your eye doctor or optical store, just at a significantly lower price.
Write a review for Avaira Vitality Toric (Same as Sapphire Toric).

industry_corpus2: Health & Medicine


text:
Let us assist you with your sale catalog production. Contact us for more information.
Apr. 9 - Sugarbird Shorthorns at Respite Farms, Roan for the Roses Online Sale, Paris, KY.
Looking to have your sale catalog designed? Give us a call, we'd be happy to help you out.

industry_corpus2: Agriculture & Fisheries


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Looking for Advent Reflection and Family Ideas?
Fr. Dusty Burns has put together a 4 part advent series, one part for each week of advent. They are 2 minute reflections.
Children love to celebrate and love to make things.
To make Advent a family celebration and to give the kids preparation for Christmas beyond buying and wrapping gifts, check out these links.
Take some time this Advent to prepare for the celebration of birth of Christ with the evening prayer of the Church. Come to Saint Benedict Cathedral every Sunday in Advent for the celebration of Evening vespers. Evening Prayer consists of the singing of psalms and canticles, the reading of Scripture, homily, and intercessions. This is a great opportunity in the Year of Faith for families, religious education groups, and anyone looking to give thanks to God this Advent season.
If you have questions, please contact Matt Miller at the Catholic Center (mmiller@evdio.org or 800-637-1731), or JeremyKorba at Saint Benedict Cathedral (jkorba@evdio.org).


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The Delhi Commission for Women has recommended private taxi operators to disable the facility of child lock in cabs after taking suo moto cognizance of the possibility of an increase in crime against women due to the same. The DCW sent a notice to transport department to ensure compliance.
DCW chairperson Swati Maliwal said that if a female passenger is travelling alone and the cab driver activates the child lock, she won’t be able to open the door from inside, thereby making her susceptible to a crime against her.
She suggested the department to issue guidelines for removing child lock in cabs, as well as putting stickers in the rear seat and back door, warning the passenger to check and unlock the child lock before starting the journey.
Replying to the summons sent by DCW, Special Commissioner (Transport Department) replied that child lock in cars is a safety feature and such a recommendation will come under the jurisdiction of the Central Road and Transportation Ministry. He assured that the matter issued by DCW will be put up before the Central Road and Transportation Ministry.
Meanwhile, Maliwal stated that a woman should feel safe while travelling in a cab. “The DCW is working towards making cab journeys safer. If the child lock is activated a passenger cannot open the door from inside even if they wished to. This increases the possibility of a crime. The commission is also working towards getting the child lock disabled in cabs,” she added.

industry_corpus2: Transportation


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Local MP, David Mundell, this week wrote to Scottish Borders Council urging them to underwrite the cost of the trial for the late night West Linton taxi service which has been proposed by West Linton Community Council.
Scottish Borders Council, which reduced its subsidy for the 101/102 route from £135k down to £35k, partners other local authorities in supporting the service from Dumfries to Edinburgh.
Mr Mundell has been working with local councillors and the West Linton Community Council to find a workable solution to maintain late night services to West Linton.
Mr Mundell stated the Council should, at the very least, provide finance for the trial, and depending on the success of the trial, financial arrangements can be reviewed at a later date.


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2018 Ducati XDiavel S. Picture credits - Ducati. Submit more pictures.
Ducati enters the Cruiser world and does so in its very own way, presenting a revolutionary bike, with technological content and performance that is typical of its DNA. The Ducati XDiavel represents the best of both worlds.
Ask questions Join the 18 Ducati XDiavel S discussion group or the general Ducati discussion group.
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industry_corpus2: Automobiles


text:
In a statement, Mylan said it is committed to a “robust improvement plan” for the site.
In April, the company announced that it is cutting 500 jobs at its West Virginia plant and said the layoffs were “consistent with discussions it was having with the FDA.” But Mylan did not disclose if the recent inspection played a direct role in the cuts.
Prior to the layoffs, the company employed 3,500 at the plant.

industry_corpus2: Biopharmaceuticals


text: Excellent 2 story home on 12 acres, 5 bedrooms master on first floor., 6 baths , open floor plan kitchen dining and great room with fireplace. Laminate floors through out for easy care. Out side includes a fenced in 20x50 salt water pool with two baha shelves and safety cover and black aluminum safety fence. Each bedroom has it's own bathroom and walk in closet. Very Large Trex deck with frame for dining on a sun filled day. Acreage includes 2 stall barn, run in shed, water at barn and separate electrical service. Property zoned agricultural. Barrier free bath on first floor. Current owners enjoyed raising Alpacas and are moving because of employment. This home is at the end of a private road and affords a privacy factor that is enjoyed with a possibility of a gated entrance to property. The 3 car garage with the possibility of building a pole barn near the house. 24 notice to show please.


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Winemaker and JCK Wine Company founder John Kane lives for making dense, decadent and delicious Zinfandel and Rhone blends. Moonset is a blend of Zinfandel with Petite Sirah and Alicante Bouschet from three distinct vineyards in Sonoma County.
Red Rock Ranch in Knights Valley is the backbone of the blend. Sitting at 2300 feet elevation with steep slopes, the Zinfandel shows mountain fruit typicity with bright red fruit character, lively acid and firm tannins.
Tzabaco Vineyard in Dry Creek Valley is the source for the Petite Sirah. This valley floor vineyard has full sun exposure ripening the fruit to perfection with brilliant flavors and dark spices.
Viszlay Vineyard in Russian River Valley rounds out the blend with slow ripening, structured, complex Petite Sirah and Alicante Bouschet from this cool, fog influenced microclimate.
Bursting with aromas of wild cherry, vanilla, blueberry and boysenberry. Lively on the palate with ripe dark fruit, cola, exotic spices and violets with a juicy, plush finish.
I’ve always had a strong connection to the land. I grew up in the Central Valley of California and my parents were in the agricultural business so farming has been in my bones since I can remember.
Across twenty years in the wine industry, I’ve held nearly every job in the winery from bottling line manager to cellar master to winemaker. I spent fifteen of those years at Rosenblum Cellars where I fell in love with Zinfandel and had the amazing opportunity to work under Kent Rosenblum and Jeff Cohn.
My dream was always to have my own project. I wanted to make wines that I love to drink, that reflect my style and that make my family proud. I wanted a legacy to pass to my kids and to create something that would live beyond my years.
JCK Wine Company was born in 2014. I founded the company with three distinct wines working with growers that I have known for many years. Those strong relationships have allowed me access to some of the best fruit in Sonoma. I plan to add more wines when the timing is right and when I find the right fruit.
Thank you for taking this journey with me and I sincerely hope you enjoy the wines. Learn more at www.jckwineco.com.


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I know I am going through an Ottolenghi stage (and there is more to come) but don’t worry, it won’t last. I go through stages all the time. This is the salad recipe I have been wanting to post for ages. At first I didn’t like the photo, then I thought, “Too much Ottolenghi” and then I thought, “What the hell!” This is a great salad, light and simple: just as a salad should be. I have made it three times in the last month so it must be good.
If you don’t have an Ottolenghi book, do yourself a favour and get at least one. My favourite is Ottolenghi The Cookbook but I also like Jerusalem. I am yet to explore Plenty. Plenty More is still on the horizon. This recipe is from Jerusalem.
This salad is all about the crunch from the nuts and pita. Whatever you do, don’t add the pita and nut mixture too early, if you do, the bread will go soggy. Leave it to the last minute to add them.
The salad will serve 4-6 with a meat accompaniment. Don’t make too much as it will be very limp the next day.
Put the vinegar, onion and dates in a small bowl. Add a pinch of salt and mix well. Leave to marinate for, at least, 20 minutes.
Meanwhile, heat the butter and 1 tablespoon olive oil in a medium frying pan.
Add the pita and cook until the pita is golden, stirring all the time.
Add almonds and continue cooking until pita is crunchy and browned and almonds are toasted and fragrant, about 2 minutes more.
Remove from heat and mix in the sumac, chili flakes and ¼ teaspoon of salt. Set aside to cool.
When ready to serve toss in a large salad bowl, the spinach leaves, the dates and red onion mixture, the remaining 1 tablespoon olive oil, the lemon juice and another pinch of salt .
Toss in the pita mix and serve immediately.
This entry was posted in Salads, Something Simple, Vegetarian, What's for dinner? and tagged Baby spinach salad, Jerusalem, Ottolenghi, Simple salad by Glenda. Bookmark the permalink.
The salad (as well as the photo) look great Glenda. I love a good spinach salad for a change and this one is just so different from anything I’ve ever tried. Love the nuts in there! I just had a great salad at a restaurant recently that had honeyed roasted pistachio nuts in it & now I’ve got to find out how to do that – without making a total sticky mess of things that is.
Hi Diane, Honeyed roasted pistachios sure sound good. There are so many salad possibilities I often wonder why we have the same thing most nights.
I’m thinking that maybe putting them on parchment paper might? work…at least if it makes a sticky mess I won’t ruin a baking tray.
Hi John, I have a feeling it will.
You have made this salad look quite delectable. I also have the three Otto L books but am yet to use them. So busy.
Try this salad and the roast chicken with saffron, hazelnuts and honey. Both are to die for.
Ella that sounds great. Also. I think a traditional Greek Salad has stale bread in it and of course the Lebanese Fattoush does.
This looks delicious Glenda. I got a bit frustrated with Ottolenghi last summer so have given him a wide berth since. There’s no denying his ideas are fantastic though!
I have had a few duds, but I really like this one. It is a winner for sure.
Hi Liz, it sure is, but fun.

industry_corpus2: Hospitality & Catering


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Note: This article was written on December 3rd, 2018 before Ms. Clark was forced to withdraw from the fight.
On December 15, Jessica-Rose Clark, ranked tenth in the UFC’s flyweight division, makes her return to the Octagon to take on Andrea Lee. And after suffering a loss against Jessica Eye in June, the Australian hopes to regain some lost momentum and get back in the race for a 125-pound title shot.
To get there, the days are long, with these last few weeks of training the most grueling and tiresome. But with the finish line almost in sight, Clark’s spirits are high as she awaits the matchup with Lee.
Only a fighter can be excited about the prospect of 15 minutes of battle against an opponent trained to beat her, but it’s why Clark puts in the hours in the gym.
This fight camp is a little different from recent ones since her move to Las Vegas, as Clark revealed that she left Syndicate MMA just weeks from her trip to Milwaukee. She still trains with members of her former gym, such as fellow UFC flyweight Roxanne Modafferi and Syndicate’s head Muay Thai coach Walker Vivian, and has also been at 10th Planet Jiu-Jitsu learning under coach Casey Halstead.
Clark has also been regularly attending the UFC Performance Institute, training with Director of Strength and Conditioning Bo Sandoval three times a week. The results have been amazing for her and she finds it to be a huge advantage.
Life for the 30-year-old has been non-stop since her move to the States. She’s always training, and whether it’s teaching kids or helping close friends in the fight game, you can always find her in the gym. And while the fame and money that comes along with life as a UFC fighter can easily inflate one’s ego, Clark has avoided those pitfalls on her way to becoming a fan favorite.
But life wasn’t always like this for Clark. A native of Cairns, she lived in Australia her entire life, but eventually, it was necessary for her to leave home. Not as a career move, but one necessary for her survival.
Near her left eye is a tattoo of a purple heart, a symbol for domestic violence survivors. Clark is a survivor. A proud survivor. And though it’s a dark part of her history, she isn’t afraid to be vocal about it.
Cases of domestic abuse are poisoning the sports world as of late. NFL players Kareem Hunt and Reuben Foster have been in the news for alleged incidents of violence against women and not their exploits on the field. The UFC was under fire for its signing of former-NFLer Greg Hardy to a developmental deal earlier this year, and not even a month ago, flyweight Rachael Ostovich was allegedly assaulted by her husband.
Clark, like these other brave survivors, won’t back down. She’s a young lady who lived the majority of her life in a van, determined to chase a dream across the globe that no one will keep her from. She knows that with awareness comes action. And that’s a fight she refuses to lose.
And on December 15, Clark won’t be the only fighter in the Octagon with a similar story, as the husband of Andrea Lee was charged with domestic battery abuse and false imprisonment in August.
Clark, like these other brave survivors, won’t back down. She’s a young lady who lived the majority of her life in a van, determined to chase a dream across the globe that no one will keep her from. She knows that with awareness coms action. And that’s a fight she refuses to lose.


text: Aquasphere Classic has the 100% money-back guarantee. If for whatever reason you are not completely satisfied with your Aquasphere Classic you have purchased at swiminn, you have 30 calendar days from delivery in which to return it. In addition, in our online swimming store you can discover the full range of product of the brand Aquasphere and complete your order in Pull buoys products always at the best price.


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Our crowdfunding bootcamp can get you ready in just five weeks.
We have an 85%+ success rate, and helped over 50 businesses raise a whopping £14m+ (€16m+ $18m+).
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industry_corpus2: Computing & Telecommunications


text: Looking to have a vintage-feel wedding? Our collection of vintage wedding reception venues offer the perfect place to begin the search for your dream location. Whether you are looking for a Downton-themed wedding, or just a simple vintage tea party reception, you will find something to suit here. Included below are Vintage Wedding Venues in the UK, such as The Headland Hotel & Spa.


text: Victoria's finest caterer is cooking up the very best for you! Taking pride in cooking seriously good food, this team believes in making delicious dishes with simple, fresh ingredients. Whether it was foraged from the wild, harvested from the ocean, or locally farmed, every bite from this truck is sure to be just what you've been looking for!


text: Kate Upton is one of the hottest most well know models in the world today. She is young, stylish, very hot and is most well known for being the cover girls for sports illustrated. Kate has also starred in a few movies and is currently single.

industry_corpus2: Film & Entertainment


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If music be the food of love, dear God, STOP!!
In which I explain how I'll be spending the rest of January.
Too many irons. Not enough fire.
Tune in to 6 Music on November 14th for exciting national radio coverage of the new video.


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In the quirky and cute-as-can-be world of nail polish, there’s a new kid on the block – her name is Miss Frankie, and she’s about to change the game. We chatted to former-nail salon owner, mum and Miss Frankie founder, Kara, about the ups, downs and learning curves of business ownership, the work/life balance and how to find colour in anything.
What was your inspiration to start your own business?
For 11 years, I owned French Pink, a nail salon in Melbourne’s CBD. Working with nail polish every day, I knew the products well and noticed there was a gap in the market. When my lease was up, I decided it was time to take the leap and create Miss Frankie.
When did you know the timing was right?
Once my children were older and not in the ‘baby’ phase, it was definitely the time for me to start my own brand. With my years of experience manicuring and listening to my customers, I knew how much demand there was for quality, no-nasties nail polish.
How did you make your big break?
I’m not sure whether I’ve made my ‘big break’ yet, but attending Life InStyle Melbourne 2018 was an amazing experience. I had the chance to meet other small-business owners and acquired new stockists. Adding worldwide shipping to our website has opened plenty of new doors, too.
What was your training prior to starting your own business?
My salon was obviously great training for understanding the nail polish side of things however I was an executive assistant for 10 years prior to that. To be honest that has helped me so much in understanding how the business world operates.
What are the biggest challenges of being a mum and a business women?
Time. My day starts at 9.30am after drop-off then I am back at school for pick-up at 3.30pm. We then have after school activities, homework, dinner and the like. After I put the kids down, I end up back on my computer replying to emails or sometimes just packing orders I didn’t have time to get to during the day.
What is your top tip for maintaining a work–life balance?
I’m not sure I am there yet! I do love that I’m not leaving home at 8am and travelling into the city any more. I love that I work from home and get to be there for my kids in their younger years. As Miss Frankie grows I constantly have to reassess the balance and try to take a little time out for myself – sometimes that’s just going for a 30-minute walk on my own after dinner just to clear my head.
What is your biggest lesson learned since starting your own business?
Sometimes failures are OK. I have learned so much from when things have gone wrong, particularly from my nail salon business. I’ve got better at dealing with stress when things don’t work and trying to find the lesson to be learned rather than see the negatives.
What do you do in your spare time to keep yourself sane?
A regular catch-up with friends for a night out. By that I mean dinner and a few glasses of wine – not hitting the clubs! I also started a fun dance class with a group of friends, which is by far the best thing I’ve done for myself in years.
What’s one thing other people should do who are looking to start their own business?
Make sure you do your research. It’s so boring but you really need to know who your competitors are and how you’re going to be different while staying true to your brand. Write your own story, rather than following others.


text: The development of a high strength, fast setting epoxy based adhesive was spawned by the need for a system which could be utilized for field applications which generally require fast, yet highly effective bonding applications. With these parameters in mind, our research and development lab set out to formulate such a system. RBC-558-AR is a two component epoxy adhesive that sets within 7-8 minutes after mixing. It's thixotropic consistency allows easy application with no messy drips or sags. The system exhibits superior adhesion to a wide variety of substrates including: metals, glass, wood, and many plastics. RBC-558-AR is available in clear or may be custom color matched to any specific application.