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TWO MILLIONS OF PROPERTY LOST IN MINNEAPOLIS.
Fifteen Hundred Persons Made Homeless - Body of Mill Hands Obliged to Jump Into the River to Escape the Fire - It Spread With the Greatest Rapidity and Was Started In a Number of Places by Flying Sparks Carried by the Storng Wind - List of Losses.
MINNEAPOLIS, Minn., Aug. 13. - About $2,000,000 worth of property was destroyed by fire this afternoon. Over 200 houses are burned and at least 1,500 persons are rendered homeless.
It was a little after 1 o'clock when a watchman saw a small blaze on the river side of J. B. Clare & Co.'s box factory on the soth end of Nicollet Island, at the head of St. Anthony Falls. By the time the department arrived, the flames, fanned by a furious south wind, had gained such headway that all the firemen could do was to turn their attention to adjoining property.
Nearly all the structures in the neighborhood were of wood and dry as tinder. Clarke's factory was destroyed before a stream of water could be thrown upon it. Next to it, north, Lenhart's Wagon Works and the Cedar Lake Icehouses were wiped out. Further north are Lintjes & Connell's Boiler Works, and here the heaviest loss on the island took place. This firm had a stock valued at over $50,000, and no insurance. The other losers are fairly well insured.
While this fire was at its height a spark alighted on Boom Island, nearly a half mile above Nicollet Island. This island is occupied as a wood yard by the lumber firm of Nelson, Tenney & Co., and soon the place was ablaze.
Quickly jumping across the small stretch of water separating the island from the mainland, the flames gained a footing in Nelson, Tenney & Co.'s lumber yard, where there were piled some 10,000,000 board feet of lumber. The fire swept through the yard and into that of E. W. Backus & Co. adjoining. Great embers flew through the air and started fires many blocks beyond the places where the firemen were at work.
Beoyond the lumber yards were the two mills belonging to E. W. Backus & Co. Of these nothing remains except the smokestacks and a mass of twisted machinery and charred timbers. J. B. Chattenton's post mill went the way of the others, as did the sash and door factories of Fulton & Libbey and J. W. Wilcox & Co.
At the corner of Marshall Street and Thirteenth Avenue, northeast, is the brewery of the Minneapolis Brewing Company. This, it seemed, must surely go, but the wind changed, and, although the brewery was surrounded by wooden buildings, it was saved, and it is the only structure from the river back to Marshall Street, a distance of three blocks, that escaped the fire.
East of the burned mills were many stores and residences, which were burned. Most of them were frame buildings occupied by the employes of the mills and laboring men. Few owned their dwellings, and their principal losses will be their personal effects. No loss of life is reported.
About 6 o'clock the fire jumped the river, and for some time the west side sawmills district was in great danger. Fortunately the flames were extinguished before much damage was done.
Hundreds of people are either the recipients of charity or are sleeping in the open air to-night.
Between the Plymouth and Twentieth Aveune North bridges on the east side of the river there juts out into the river a point of land upon which some 100 people, principally laborers and sawmill hands, reside. The fire soon cut off their escape by land and they were in imminent danger of being burned to death. No boats were at hand, and the residents were forced into the river in order to save their lives.
Previous to this they attempted to save their personal effects. Bedding, tool chests, furniture, and even clothing were thrown into the river, the owners hoping that they might be able to recover them some time. All this time great crowd-lined the bridges and watched a big flatboat making slow headway toward the unfortunate people in the river.
The heat was most intense, and many of the men in the water were compelled to duck their heads under it to prevent the flames from scorching their faces and hair.
One brave fellow stripped himself, and unaided brought a number of his neighbors across the river befored [sic] the flat boat arrived, when all were rescued.
Clark box factory, $50,000, insured; Lenhart wagon works, $15,000, partially covered by insurance; Lintges & Connell, $60,000, insurance $11,000; E. S. Coffin, box factory, $2,000, insured; Cedar Lake Ice Company, $2,000, insured; Bergman Lounge Company, $2,300, insured.
Other small losses bring the total loss on the island up to $175,000.
E. W. Backus & Co. place their loss at over $1,000,000. They state that they had 60,000,000 board feet of lumber worth $750,000 alone, and that this is a total loss. Their mills are also gone, and these they claim were worth at least $250,000. It is impossible to learn their insurance at present, but it is believed that they are well protected.
Capt. Crake of Fire Headquarters was taken to his home with his left leg injured. He was working near Ninth Avenue, Northeast, and slipped and fell to the ground.
Capt. Pollock of No. 6 was overcome with the heat while fighting the fire and was removed to his home.
MINNEAPOLIS, Aug. 14. - The big fire was stopped last night at Twentieth Avenue North, after burning over nearly a square mile of territory. It burned about 150 houses, averaging from $500 to $3,000; 40,000,000 feet of lumber, worth $480,000; 10,000,000 feet of lath and 10,000,000 feet of shingles, worth $40,000; thirteen mills, mostly saw mills and sash and door factories, and a number of ice houses and smaller concerns. An unknown child was burned to death, and Thomas Faloon lost his life from heart failure due to excitement. Several hundred people are homeless.
E. W. Backus & Co., lumber yards; loss, $400,000; insurance, $300,000. Two mills; loss, $150,000; insurance, $100,000. Barns: loss, $14,000; insurance, $8,000.
Minneapolis Brewing and Malting Company: barns, bottling houses, and malthouse, loss, $100,000; insurance, $60,000.
John F. Wilcox, planing, sash, and door mills: loss, $80,000; insurance, $60,000.
Linteges, Connells & Co., boiler works, loss, $60,000; insurance, $10,000.
J. R. Starke & Co., box and ladder factory: loss, $50,000; insurance, $25,000.
Shevlin, Carpenter & Co. planing mill, dry kiln; loss, $25,000; insurance, $15,000.
Smith & Kurigen mill; loss $15,000; insurance, $8,000. Cedar Lake Ice Company; icehouse, $10,000; insurance, $10,000. J. B. Chattoten, cedar post mill; loss, $15,000; insurance, $10,000. George W. Higgins & Co., woodyard; loss, $5,000; insurance, $2,000. Wernicke Company, wood specialties; loss, $1,000; insurance, $1,000. E. S. Coffin, lumber; loss, $2,000; insurance, $1,000. Miscellaneous - icehouses, dwellings, &c.; loss, $75,000; insurance, $75,000. City of Minneapolis, bridge span; loss, $5,000. Total loss, $1,084,500; insurance, $736,000.
Two Million Dollar Blaze at Minneapolis and Over 1,000 People Homeless.
Started in Clarke's Box Factory on the South End of Nicollet Island.
Aided by a Strong Wind the Brave Firemen Were Unable to Cope With the Monster.
Great Embers Were Borne Through the Air and Started Fires Many Blocks Beyond.
Wind Shifted When the Flames Reached the Mammoth Brewery and Saved the Manufacturing Interests.
MINNEAPOLIS, Minn., Aug. 13. - Two million dollars worth of property went up in flames this afternoon. Over 200 houses are burned, and at least 1,500 persons are rendered homeless. This is the record made by the destroying element in the short space of two hours. A kind providence, and not the fire department or the feeble efforts of the owners of threatened property, saved the greater portions of the East Side. The fire had gained such headway that no human agency could quench it, and only a change in the direction of the wind prevented an awful conflagration.
It was a little after 1:30 o'clock when a watchman saw a small blaze on the river side of J. B. Clarke & Co.'s box factory on the south end of Nicollet Island at the head of St. Anthony falls. An alarm quickly followed by a second and third was turned in, but by the time the department had arrived the flames, fanned by a furious south wind, had gained such headway that all the firemen could do was to turn their attention to adjoining property. Where the fire first started is a mystery, but it is thought it originated either in Lenhart's wagon works or in an ice house belonging to the Cedar Lake Ice company immediately adjoining. Nearly all the structures in this vicinity were of wood, dry as tinder and made splendid fuel for the flames. Clarke's box factory was doomed before even a stream of water was thrown upon it. Next to it on the North Lenhart's wagon works and the Cedar Lake ice house were wiped out of existence. Further north were Lintges & Connell's boiler works and here the heaviest loss on the island took place. This firm had a stock valued at over $50,000 and not a cent of insurance. The other losers are fairly insured.
While this fire was at its height a spark carried high in the air alighted on Boom Island, nearly half a mile above the fire on Nicollet Island. This Island is occupied as a wood yard by the lumber firm of Nelson Tenney & Co. No one noticed the spark fall, but the whole island was soon ablaze. It was this spark that caused the greatest loss. Quickly jumping across the small stretch of water surrounding the island from the main land, the flames gained a footing in Nelson, Tenney & Co.'s lumber yard, where there was piled some10,000 feet of lumber. The fire fairly walked through this yard and into that of E. W. Backus & Co., adjoining. By this time it was impossible to stop it even had the whole fire department been on hand. Great embers flew through the air and started fires many blocks beyond the places where firemen were at work. The flames were simply irresistible. Brick and stone structures fell as easy victims as the merest shells. Beoyond the lumber yard were the two saw mills belonging to E. W. Backus & Co. Of these nothin remain except the smokestacks and a mass of twisted machinery and charred timbers. J. H. Cattenton's cedar post mill went the way of the others, as did the sash and door factories of Fulton & Libbey and J. F. Wilcox & Co.
At the corner of Marshall street and Thirteenth avenue, northeast, stood the mammoth brewery of the Minneapolis Brewing Company. This it seemed must surely go but at this time the wind changed and although the brewery was surrounded by wooden buildings it was saved, and this was the only structure between Sixth avenue to Thirteenth avenue northeast and from the river to Marshall street, a distance of three blocks, that escaped the fire. The big brewery acted as a sort of shield and in a measure protected the property to the north. had it burned nothing could have prevented the fire from running north as far as it could find anything to burn. Along the river were situated the sawmills and wood and lumber yards and these two would have gone the way of the others and nearly the entire saw mill industry of the city would have been destroyed.
The change in the direction of the wind imperiled the lumber yards and mills on the west side of the river and they were almost at the mercy of the flying sparks and embers. The firemen were powerless to render any assistance for to reach the Plymouth and Twentieth avenues' north bridges, it would have been necessary to pass through a furnace. The bridges, too, were on fire and there was nothing to do but hope for the best until some apparatus could make a detour of three miles and reach the fire. The employes in the yards, however, ahd not been idle. They stretched lines of hose and any spark that found a footing across the river was promptly squelched.
Along the east bank of the river were located the mills and lumber yards which were burned, while east of them were wooden structures and generally occupied by the employes of the mills and laboring men. Few owned their dwellings and their principal losses will be their personal effects. Large numbers saved their household goods, which they stacked in piles, over which they stood guard to prevent their being carried off by thieves. At the brewery, where the fire was checked, citizens did much to aid firemen. With garden hose and buckets they extinguished all incipient blazes and with the change of the wind all danger was practically over and the fire was allowed to burn itself out.
All available fire aparatus in the city was in use and St. Paul sent two engine companies in response to calls for assistance.
As yet no loss of life is reported and it is believed that all the occupants of the houses escaped with their lives. They were all warned in time and none need have been lost. It is rumored that two or three men were penned in by the flames while trying to rescue some of their property.
It is next to impossible to estimate the loss. The owners of the property themselves in many cases are unable to give any estimates. Nelson, Tenney & Co. lost about 10,000,000 feet of lumber and some wood; Backus & Co., two saw mills and probably a like amount of lumber. Their loss will probably be at least $250,000. All were well insured. On the small buildings the losses only been estimated. There are probably 200 small buildings burned, together with their contents.
The damage to Clarke's box factory on Nicollet Island is estimated at $50,000; insured. Thomas Sloane, an old man 50 years of age, fell dead from heart disease caused by the excitement. Several firemen were slightly injured.
About 6 o'clock the fire jumped the river and for some time the West Side saw mill district was in great danger. Fortunately the flames were extinguished before much damage was done.
At 10 o'clock tonight the East Side ruins were still ablaze, but the fire is under control. Hundreds of people are either the recipients of charity or are sleeping in the open air tonight. Many saved only the clothes on their backs. Between the Plymouth and Twentieth avenue, north, bridges, on the east side of the river, juts out into the river a point of land on which some 100 people, principally laborers and saw mill hands, reside. The fire soon cut off their escape by land and they were in immediate danger of being burned to death. No boats were at hand and the residents were forced into the river in order to save their lives. Previous to this they attempted to save their personal effects. Bedding, tool chests, furniture and even clothing were thrown into the river, the owners hoping that they might be able to recover them some time. All this time great crowds lined the bridges and watched a big flat boat making slow headway toward the unfortunate people in the river. The heat was most intense and many of the men in the river were compelled to duck their heads under the water to prevent the flames from scorching their faces and heads. One brave fellow stripped himself and [illegible] brouth a number of his neighbors across the river before the flat boat arrived, when all were rescued.
Salvation of the East Side.
The mammoth brewery of the Minneapolis Brewing Company was the salvation of the east side. Had not this great structure stopped the furious flames which raged around it, nothing would have prevented the fire from extending as far north as it would have found anything to burn. [illegible] on it was directly in the path of the flames with wooden buildings on one side of it and a blazing lumber yard in the rear, it seemed as if this magnificent edifice costing $500,000 would be added to the long list of property destroyed.
Thirteenth avenue, northeast, should have marked the northern limit of the fire. This would have been the case had not a small whirlwind, as it is called, swept down the street and scattered the embers from Backus' lumber yard over the surrounding property. As it was the property burned was mostly small structures near the river. Nevertheless they were houses and homes of poor men, who could afford no better and who lost their all when they were burned out.
It was a gallant fight that was made at the brewery. Away down at the n orthwest corner of the bguilding, within 300 feet of a blazing lumber pile crouched a pipeman from hose company No. 18. The heat was almost intolerable, but this brave fellow remained faithful and directed a powerful stream of water into the fiery furnace and in a great measure prevented the rear of the brewery from taking fire. This is only one of the instances of individual heroism.
The flames kept on their way and were not subdued until they had reached sixteenth avenue north. At this point firemen and citizens combined managed to stop the flames to a certain extent. From Thirteenth avenue to Sixteenth, and from the river to Marshall street was one seething mass of flames. In all there were about fifty families who occupied this portion of the city.
The scene at this point was a pitiful one. Family after family remained in their houses until they were obliged to leave by the intense heat. No one seemed to have insurance on their property, and as they were all poor they strained every effort to get what they could to a place of safety. It was reported that several men, while attempting to save some of their furniture, were burned severely about the face and hands, but their names were not learned. They were taken to the homes of other families where they received attention. Owing to the confusion little could be learned in the line of refugees, while the St. Anthony Turner society threw open its great hall to 100 families.
Charitably diposed persons supplied provisions, and as a greater number of the unfortunate had saved bedding they passed the night very comfortably. Tomorrow active relief measures will be taken.


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During the past decade the technological advancements of the Internet has significantly changed the method of communications and access to information for millions of users worldwide. First developed as a secure communications mode for the military during the height of the cold war era, the Internet has become as commonplace for Americans as the telephone or automobile. Users, provided that they have the necessary computer hardware and browser application as well as a network connection to the Internet are able to access and exchange information at speeds measured In thousandths of a second.
Each time a connection to the Internet is made, users risk compromising their privacy through many different channels, including Internet service providers, search engines and actual websites visited. As this vast communications medium continues to evolve, so have the threats to user’s privacy. Scores of Internet marketing conglomerates are covertly collecting valuable Information from users such as search engine results, websites visited, purchases made and often times the user’s email address.
Internet users unknowingly are leaving a trail of personal information and the statutes regulating arresting and or governmental entitles collection and dissemination of this data are Insufficient given today’s technological advances. Under current federal laws, the collection and distribution of data which identifies a specific users Internet activities is subject to regulation under the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (CPA), or the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act enacted in 1990 to protect the identity of children under the age of 13.
CPA was passed Into law In 1986 as an extension of existing regulations governing wiretapping of telephones and interception of postal mail by the US government. Privacy advocates note that privacy threats occur in part because legislative and regulatory policies generally seem to trail behind the capableness of emerging technologies” (Marshall 948). Most agree that this legislation, though sufficient at the time of enactment is seriously out of date given today’s cutting edge Internet data collection technologies.
On the other hand, entities that engage in data collection as well as law enforcement benefit from the ambiguities that the CPA presents and are not In favor of stronger privacy protection laws. With today’s technology, online marketing companies are routinely electing data regarding a user’s search engine queries, websites pages visited, advertisements viewed, purchases made, time of day and geographic location of the Internet connection. With this data, detailed profiles are created for use by on-line companies to produce and direct targeted advertising to the user.
Additionally, this data is often times sold off to firms which specialize in compiling user information from several sources. DRP. Joseph Throw, a noted Internet privacy expert and professor at the University of Pennsylvania Ennobler School for Communication In is Journal article “Americans and Online Privacy: The System Is Broken” cites a national survey “that the overwhelming majority of US adults who use the Internet at home have no clue about data flows – the invisible, cutting edge techniques whereby about them” ( par. ). List firms whose sole purpose is to compile bits and pieces of user data and create detailed profiles are abundant. The biggest link too profile is a users physical or email address typically supplied when signing up for something free or making a purchase on a website. Most adults who go online are unaware of he value to online marketing firms that this data carries. With this robust information, marketers are able to create detailed profiles based on user’s activities.
Privacy advocates, consumers as well as many legislators feel that this practice, known in the industry as behavioral advertising is discriminatory. Online companies are presenting advertisements or making offers to users based on the user’s history of Internet activities. A user that has a profile indicating that they typically seek out and purchase from discount websites such as Walter. Mom may not be extended the name advertisement or promotional opportunities as a user whose profile indicates that they seek out higher end websites such as narcissuses. Com. This practice may seem harmless enough at face value, however if a user were to seek out information regarding debt relief and provided their email address to the website as requirement to access or receive information there is a overwhelming probability that a profile would be created and flagged as someone who has credit challenges. O illustrate this example a step further, if this user were to be a candidate for employment in the financial sector and the potential employer ordered a background reach during which the candidate’s email address was matched to a previous profile that was created when they were searching for debt relief information, the resulting match might negatively impact employment opportunity.
Mark Rottenest, executive director of the Electronic Privacy Information Center and Georgetown University Law Center professor stated during testimony to congress on the issue of Internet user privacy, “Users have little idea how much information is gathered, who has access to it or how it is used. The last point is critical because in the absence of legal rules, impasses that are gathering this data will be free to use it for whatever purpose they wish” (CTD. N Marshall 938). This type of data collection and information sharing could have long lasting and devastating implications for users for years. In addition to websites visited, search engines such as Google, MANS or Yahoo offer a substantial collection of user data. For every search engine query there is a digital road map created and stored by these companies, retaining this information anywhere from 90 days 18 months.
These companies are citing the need to do so to provide better service and avoid security threats. Additionally warns the Privacy Rights Clearinghouse in “Fact Sheet 18: Privacy and the Internet: Traveling in Cyberspace Safely’, if a individual uses one of the major email services such as Microsoft’s Hotmail as well as using Microsoft’s web browser, MANS, there is link made between the user’s email address and their browsing activities (4).
Privacy rights advocates are alarmed by the retention time periods, citing that these are excessive and increase the likelihood of government monitoring of user’s browsing activities. Google which in 2008 was the preferred search engine 82% of the time worldwide as successfully resisted subpoenas served by the Justice Department to force the disclosure of user searches (Marshall 943). Under pressure from privacy advocacy groups and constituents federal legislation to regulate the collection of personally throughout the past decade.
The online industry is utilizing more powerful tools to collect user information for targeted advertising and each of these laws introduced Nas intended to set a minimum federal privacy standard that websites, search engines and governmental agencies must adhere to. The first to do so was Democratic South Carolina Senator Ernest Holdings, Chairman of the Senate Commerce Committee. The Online Personal Privacy Act, introduced in 2002 proposed minimum standard that companies must adhere to addressing five basic issues: Notice, Consent, Access, Security and Enforcement.
As long as a website abides by their written policy, if they have one at all, regardless of how ambiguous it is they cannot be accused of deceptive business practices. Advertising executives are quick to counter the argument for additional legislation citing that the collection of marketing data is critical to attracting advertising dollars which in turn keeps the Internet a mostly no cost medium of information exchange for consumers.
Without advertising revenues, the Internet would not be nearly as robust as it is today, and industry leaders as well as lawmakers opposing additional regulations question how willing would consumers be to pay for content that is currently delivered free of charge. Further, the executives contend that users would do well to become more educated on privacy issues, utilize the privacy features of their web browser and avoid websites that have inadequate privacy policies.
As well, advertisers Justify targeted marketing as being able to present consumers with the best options that are suited to their tastes. In 2008 Congressional hearings ensued when Charter Communications, an Internet service provider (ISP) and Nebula an online marketing company announced their plans to step up analysis of their customer’s data. After lawmakers held numerous hearings on these practices, the companies abandoned their plans (Marshall 943). O date, with the exception of the passage of the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act no legislation specifically aimed at users’ Internet privacy has been enacted into law at the federal level. In the absence of substantial federal data collection legislation, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the watchdog federal agency Charged with protecting consumer rights has worked with industry leaders to develop a set of self regulation data gathering practices. Basic privacy guidelines Nerve first established by the Network Advertising Initiative (ANA), a coalition formed by 12 leading companies in 1999.
The guidelines require members to adhere too set standard of disclosure and conduct such as posting a notice on their website informing users of the potential that advertisers may place a third party cookie, squiring websites to give users the opportunity to opt-out of the collection of personal information and refrain from merging any acquired user information with policies in December 2008 to address options for sensitive information, parental consent for children under the age of 13 and an annual compliance review (Marshall 346).
As e-commerce has grown, several additional privacy protection companies have come into existence, developed to implement a uniform set of standards for their members as relates to the collection of user’s identifiable information. Some of the well-known are: Trustee, EBB and Verging. Today, virtually all reputable websites carry a privacy seal of approval from one or more of these organizations (Fact Sheet 18). Senator Holdings in his 2002 address to the senate makes note of the efforts of industry leaders such as EarthLink, U-Haul, Intel and others that have developed strong pro-consumer privacy policies and abide by these practices.
Although there are forward thinking industry leaders that have made the commitment to protecting privacy, the Senator further states that “despite the best intentions and some successful efforts, reliance on self-regulation alone has not proven to provide sufficient protection” (par. ). In February 2009, the Federal Trade Commission issued Markings to Internet marketing companies that they are not adequately explaining their information gathering policies to users.
The agency continues to maintain that the Internet companies can self-regulate themselves, on the other hand, warned by commission member, Jon Leibniz as quoted in a New York Times article “Agency Skeptical of Internet Privacy Policies” “With this Congress there is not going to be a lot of patience for Big Brother Internet advertising without privacy protections. They invite legislation if they don’t do a good Job at self regulation” (Hansel, par. 3). It is evident by these hearings that the FTC is issuing a stern warning to the industry to improve their data collection privacy policies and practices or face potential legislative actions.
Privacy rights advocates contend that the USA Patriot Act, passed n the aftermath of the 9/1 1 terrorist attacks has weakened American’s protection from government monitoring or access to their communications records. According to Jay Stanley, director of public education for the American Civil Liberties Union the Patriot Act weakens the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 by permitting he Justice Department to issue national security letters to Internet service providers for disclosure of information versus having to obtain a warrant from a Judge which is most times required to tap a telephone line.
Stanley contends: Our courts have not kept up with technology and have not kept up with the needs of privacy. When the fourth amendment was written, most of people’s lives took place in the home. Your medical life, your correspondence, your financial records were in the home… But much of our lives are now stored on the servers of international corporations” (CTD. In Marshall 950). Stanley comments are particularly poignant given the number of sensitive financial, medical and other transactions that consumers are able to conduct using today’s Internet technology.
The privacy concerns of Americans as a result of passage of the USA Patriot Act could very well have been the theme for Dan renown’s fictional novel Digital Fortress were it not for the fact that the novel was Mitten three years prior to the 2001 terrorist attacks. In this thriller the author created Commander Tremor Stateroom as the National Security Agency’s Deputy Director of Operations. Stateroom and his staff of cryptography experts’ scope of Nor are to decode electronic messages that are intercepted by various US having the phones tapped and immediately embraced this new means of global communication.
Email had the security of conventional mail and the speed of the telephone” (Brown 25). The author sets the story line by explaining that several years before, privacy rights advocates including the Electronics Frontier Foundation were demanding that the government put forth an encryption formula which assured the public that various intelligence agencies would not have the ability to intercept and read private communications. Stateroom’s team was charged with the task to evolve such an encryption standard.
Determined in his certainty that the National Security Agency must maintain it’s superiority in monitoring electronic communications Stateroom wrote a back door into the code. After being released for public analysis, it was discovered that Stateroom had secretly altered the code, creating a monumental public outcry as well. With the potential release off new highly sophisticated encryption code written by a disgruntled former NSA employee, Stateroom seizes upon the opportunity to redeem himself and his career by another attempt to insert a backdoor code.
In order to be successful with this attempt he goes to great lengths submitting the code to the Ana’s most powerful code breaking computer only to discover that the code was a trick and actually Stateroom has introduced a virus that will destroy the entire national security databanks leaving the country exposed to waiting electronic terrorists. It is Just the type of super secret maneuvers as portrayed in Brown’s novel that have spurred the growth of privacy advocacy groups such as the Privacy Rights Clearinghouse based in San Diego, California.
Privacy Rights Clearinghouse is a non-profit organization with the goals of gassing consumer awareness, empowering consumers to take action and advocacy for consumer’s privacy rights in local, state and federal pubic policy hearings (Givens, par. L). There are several other privacy groups such as American Civil Liberties Union, Center for Democracy and Technology as well as the Electronic Frontier Foundation that advocate for individual’s right to privacy on the Internet (Fact Sheet 21-22).
Fundamentally all of these organizations feel that the 1986 Electronic Communications Privacy Act is ineffective in today’s technological landscape and stronger federal Internet privacy protections are long overdue. Many privacy foes contended that the lack of federal legislation regulating Internet privacy has much to do with the demographics of Congress. This is clearly pointed out in a Washington Post July 2008 article titled “Senate Grapples with Web Privacy Issues. Websites have been collecting user data and compiling detailed profiles for the better part of 10 years and as Senator Bill Nelson from Florida asked a question of a witness concerning Internet connections, the witness was so confused at the question that their response was “l think I’m not entirely sure of what you are suggesting, senator. To which the senator replied, “Nor am l” (Workhorse, par. 7). Typically members of Congress are upper middle aged and have not embraced technology to the extent that the younger generations have and find discussions regarding data flows, bits and bytes, and Sips a foreign language.
Although one senator did boast that he reads his hometown newspaper online. In recent years a new solution, Platform for Privacy Preference (POP) has been proposed to protect Internet user’s privacy automatically through machine readable privacy policies. It is the company’s website would automatically communicate to the user’s computer that he website meets the privacy policies that the user has pre-configured on their computer.
In a report published by the Electronic Privacy Information Center, aptly titled “Pretty Poor Privacy: An Assessment of POP and Internet Privacy’ the validity of Madders implementation of POP is seriously discredited. The center contends that POP is not an effective solution to on-line privacy concerns given that it is a “complex and confusing protocol that will make it more difficult for Internet users to protect their privacy’ (par. 1). POP is a very cumbersome application, which if not configured ropey will not only block access to legitimate websites but also quite possibly extend a sense of false security for users.
The Internet has dramatically changed the everyday lives of individuals throughout the globe. With the ever-evolving technology to exchange information instantaneously users are able to carry out many of the everyday tasks that previously required a visit to the bank, post office or library. However with all of the conveniences that this robust communication medium brings to our lives, come serious issues concerning safeguarding of users’ private information. There are numerous avenues that a users’ privacy can be compromised, and inevitably, one can not avoid disclosing a certain amount of data when using the Internet.
At issue is the absence of federal legislation regulating who, what and “here this information may be collected, assimilated and shared with various marketing organizations or governmental authorities. Prior to the advent of the Internet American’s personal matters such as financial records, health information, personal correspondence was stored in the home; it is there that Americans are afforded the privacy protections as set-forth in the constitution. With today’s technology, intimate details regarding our lives are stored on network servers not in the home.

industry_corpus2: Computing & Telecommunications


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Within the framework of its “MPS helps!” programme and in the form of free time and funding, Motor Presse Stuttgart supports employees and management personnel who are actively involved in helping people in need. Whether homework supervision, addiction support, involvement in the railway mission or courier trips on a voluntary basis for reading promotion projects – within the framework of “MPS helps!”, a wide variety of activities are possible for personal dedication by Motor Presse employees. This can also take the form of employees making their professional skills available to social facilities or projects.
Motor Presse Stuttgart supports eva (Evangelische Gesellschaft Menschen) which has the goal of enabling people to live dignified lives and alleviating hardship. A goal which Motor Presse Stuttgart has been promoting with monetary donations for more than ten years.
Whether cake sales by trainees or menu vouchers including voluntary donations in the canteen: this financial support comprises the proceeds of numerous minor and major campaigns by employees. The money collected primarily benefits two projects by the non-profit organisation: “eva’s Tisch” and “Wärmestube”. The former provides around 100 people in need with a filling and inexpensive daily meal. The “Wärmestube” (warm room) offers homeless people a place where they feel welcome and can spend several hours of the day in the company of others.
This initiative launched by employees at Motor Presse Stuttgart helps in the integration of refugees by means of various projects over the short, medium and long term. The proceeds of numerous in-house campaigns permit direct and immediate material aid. But this is only one aspect of the employee initiative. The focus is on medium- and long-term collaboration with local refugee accommodation services in an effort to provide inhabitants of these facilities with specific integration assistance.
Motor Presse Stuttgart collaborates with the AfB (Arbeit für Menschen mit Behinderung - work for people with disabilities) in disposing of its electrical equipment. As Europe’s first non-profit IT organisation, the AfB specialises in accepting obsolete IT hardware from companies, certifiably deleting data and recycling it for re-use. This process conserves natural resources and reduces emissions. Another feature of the concept is its inclusion of disabled people. Furthermore, with the aid of these recycled IT devices, people with less money to spend are also given an opportunity to access modern IT hardware.

industry_corpus2: Others


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I recently had the opportunity to attend the Aladdin Southern Luncheon hosted by Momtrends and Party BluPrints at the beautiful Piedmont Estate in the Buckhead area of Atlanta, Georgia.
Bloggers from across the US were invited to celebrate the new Aladdin Mason Entertaining Collection. The luncheon was all about Southern style and Aladdin which was the perfect combination.
The “Spike It” station offered a refreshing taste of flavored lemonades along with vodka (optional) all beautifully displayed in the Aladdin Mason dispensers.
We dined at the beautiful table featuring this Southern chic tablescape designed by the ladies at Party BluPrints. The table featured fresh flowers in the Aladdin jars, place cards with our names written on magnolia leaves (I LOVE THIS) and much more.
They didn't let us leave without mixing a rub using Southern spices which we took home. We used ours that weekend. Check out how to make your own BBQ Spice Rub at Party BluPrints.
Check your local Walmart or Target store for the complete Aladdin Mason Entertaining Collection or purchase online. You can find another post about the event at MomTrends plus more event info and entertaining ideas at Party BluPrints.
Piedmont Estate is beautiful. I would have loved to gone to that luncheon.
It was good to see you there, Stacie. I can’t wait to open my box of entertaining essentials!
I love how everything was decorated. All of the mason jars were so cute!
What a beautiful place for a luncheon. I like all the attention to detail. I’ve seen those drink mugs in Walmart. I actually bought a few of them, they are great. Love all of your gorgeous photos. Kind of makes me want to jump in the car and take a road trip to Buckhead, GA.
That looks like such a gorgeous luncheon! I love those Aladdin products, especially the mason jar dispensers.
That place is gorgeous! I have friends in Atlanta, I’ll have to ask them if they’ve ever been there.
What an absolutely stunning presentation – I love that tablescape! I noticed those mason jar shaped drink containers at Walmart the other day, I’ll have to take a closer look the next time I am there.
While I wasn’t there in persons your pictures definitely display how amazingly gorgeous the event actually was from the venue straight down to the decorations! If that isn’t the definition of classy I don’t know what is!
Could they have made it any more beautiful than they did? Wow, that was incredible!
What a beautiful event. I especially love those mason jar glasses with the colorful straws.
There is nothing I love more than an adorable mason jar! Aladdin is my favorite..gotta get some of these entertaining pieces!
Such a perfect Southern event! Love using the leaf as the place card.
gorgeous. holy wowzers. i’m in love with tiny mason jars. they are just so fun. the leaf place cards are so pretty!
It looks like it was a lovely event! Their presentation is beautiful!
I had no idea they had such a big variety of products! So great for parties!
Looks like a beautiful luncheon. Hope you had a great time.
That house is fantastic. The decor is gorgeous, and I love Aladdin products!
That event looks unreal. I would have loved to attend. The decor is beautiful and love the mason jars!
What a gorgeous setting for a party! I bet the BBQ rubs were just delicious. Those Aladdin Mason Jar products look so adorable!
I love how versatile mason jars are. My kids drink out of them and I can with them.
I love Momtrends and Aladdin! I had the opportunity to host an Aladdin party recently, and it was awesome. The tablescape is beautiful.
What a gorgeous event! Wow, I wish I could style a lunch like that!
Looks like a fantastic luncheon was had. I love my Aladdin mason jar mug, drink out of it almost daily.
This seems like it was such a beautiful event. Everything from the view to the table scape were just lovely.
The decor at the luncheon is so lovely. It looks like it was a well put together event.

industry_corpus2: Hospitality & Catering


text:
A Django app to have editable key-value namespaced settings.
A simple django application to manage dynamic settings saved in database using namespaced keys and json string values.
Then go to http://localhost:8080/admin and login with user `admin` and password `admin`, you should see the Settings. If you add a settings, it should be a json object. So a string should be saved with double quotes around it.


text:
Rosalee is a highly versatile WordPress theme, perfect for the blogger who needs to showcase their content. One of our skilled designers will take care of your theme installation, including any requested color changes and logo implementation all within one weeks time so you don’t have to worry about a thing. We offer an amazing post-install support package that will provide you with basic troubleshooting help as you settle into your new design.
Use slider and subscribe area to add even more widgets to showcase your recent posts or important information about your blog.
Featuring post excerpts on the homepage will give your readers a taste of what each of your posts is about and will help increase your pageviews.
Build your mailing list with conveniently placed opt-in boxes on the homepage and sidebar. The opt-in boxes work with FeedBurner, MailChimp, AWeber, FeedBlitz and more!
Feature your most popular or most recent posts front and center on your homepage with the homepage slider feature.
Feature your most popular categories on the home page so your readers have easy access to your best stuff.


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Baton Rouge-based Epic Piping has acquired a 24,000-square-foot building on Interline Avenue that will serve as the new corporate headquarters for the rapidly growing pipe fabricator.
In a deal that closed earlier today, Epic bought the property, near the Airline Highway-Interstate 12 intersection, for $2.2 million from JPO Colorado, LLC, an entity owned by Lafayette oil executive Chris Van Way.
Real estate broker Benjamin Stalter of Maestri Murrell Commercial Real Estate, who represented the seller in the deal, says JPO Colorado bought the building about five years ago as an investment and that it was technically leased but had not been physically occupied for several years.
Brian Nicolich of Saurage Rotenberg represented the buyer in the transaction.
Though the deal closed just hours ago, renovations designed by Grace Hebert Architecture are already under way. Epic officials decline to estimate how much the building’s overhaul will cost, but say work to the roughly 40-year-old structure will be significant.
Once completed in early summer, the company will relocate to the new digs from its existing offices near S. Sherwood Forest Boulevard. Nearly 80 employees will be based there.
The sale comes less than a week after Epic announced plans to invest up to $40 million in the company, through growth and expansion.
Epic Piping is one of the original portfolio companies created in 2014 by private equity firm Bernhard Capital Partners. In the years since, the company has grown to become one of the largest heavy pipe fabricators in North America with three major fabrication facilities that, together, produce more than 20,000 pipe spools per month: a 268,000-square-foot facility in Livingston Parish, 300,000 square foot facility in San Marcos, Texas, and 400,000 square-foot facility in United Arab Emirates.

industry_corpus2: Petrochemicals


text:
It's Kromlech's halftrack with some Games Workshop orks! I really love the design and prefer it over the current wartrakk GW has. I'd probably get one of those too just for the variation. But for now, I'm having a blast with this one! Still got a lot to do but I'm pretty happy about the result so far!
Enjoy christmas you guys and happy painting!

industry_corpus2: Gaming


text:
In Marston North Carolina 28363, all Medicare supplement standardized plans are offered to qualified individuals under the age of 65 and/or to Medicare-qualified individuals due to disability or end-stage renal disease. In some states, a limited selection of Medicare supplement standardized plans is available to such individuals.
Medicare.gov provides tools that will allow you to compare plans in Marston NC 28363 Richmond county, but the decision is complicated. Insurance agent Graves recommends that you “work with a licensed insurance agent who can show you both Medicare Supplement Plans and Advantage Plans from multiple companies. Each type has its positives.” The questions to cover, he says: “You need to understand the costs, doctor networks, coverage levels and maximum out-of-pocket for each. Enroll in what suits your situation best.” Organizations such as Consumer Reports and the Medicare Rights Center can also help you research your decision.

industry_corpus2: Health & Medicine


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At BMI The Park Hospital, Nottingham we work with a team of highly experienced Gynaecologists who provide a range of treatments and procedures for patients suffering from gynaecological issues.
Gynaecologists at BMI The Park Hospital offer quick and easy access to investigations and treatments, and they are supported by a caring and dedicated team who can call upon the very latest diagnostic and imaging equipment.
Many women may suffer from gynaecological-related problems throughout their lives. They may not be life threatening and may only affect you at certain times of the month, but it can still have an impact on your quality of life and ability to do everyday things.
With some of the regions most experienced gynaecologists under one roof at BMI The Park Hospital, we are able to treat a broad range of patients and treat most major conditions related to gynaecology in women of all ages.
Yes, it is essential to obtain a referral from a GP or consultant prior to booking your appointment with a private Gynaecologist even if you are insured or paying for your own treatment. If you have private medical insurance, then please make sure you contact your insurer before arranging your consultation.
Our consultants have clinics throughout the week. Once your condition has been diagnosed, you will be referred to an appropriate consultant with a special interest and experience in that area.
To enquire about our private gynaecology services and treatments at BMI The Park Hospital, Nottingham please call 0115 966 2000 or alternatively, please complete our online enquiry form and a member of our team will be in touch.


text: You are visiting the placeholder page for John Kelly. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for John Kelly. We created this page automatically in hopes John Kelly would find it. If you are not John Kelly, but are an alumni of Sylmar High School, register on this site for free now.

industry_corpus2: Subject Education


text: The slow-sinking Jerkmaster 121 was designed by Team Livingston pro Hank Cherry to dart/slash in the 4- to 6-foot range. Cast it a country mile thanks to its internal weight-transfer system. When you combine the JerkMaster 121's darting action with Livingston's exclusive EBS? MultiTouch Technology, you havea mid-depth jerkbait that deliverssound flexibility andeffectively drawsfish from double the distance of a traditional jerkbait.

industry_corpus2: Sports


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Regarding terminating a Georgia employee, discrimination is the most common illegal reason. An employer may not fire an employee just because they are of a certain race, religion, gender, or nationality. Athens employers are further barred from firing at-will employees in order to retaliate against them for filing a legal discrimination claim or initiating an investigation of discrimination.
A local Athens, Georgia attorney can better inform you about whether a wrongful termination has occurred, and will also help in collecting the appropriate documents for your case. There may also be unique procedures that an attorney can shepherd you through.

industry_corpus2: Law & Justice


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I love a good book and find reading a great form of relaxation, setting time aside for this is often hard, so me and my sister decided to encourage one another by creating our own little book club and this month’s chosen read was ‘This Is Going To Hurt: The Secret Diaries of a Junior Doctor by Adam Kay.
I started my Mexican adventure with some r&r time on the beautiful island of Holbox and it was the perfect setting to get lost in a good book… and boy did I get lost, I was hooked from page one.
I’ve always had respect for junior doctors and knew they worked hard but this book provides a candid insight into their lives, daily sacrifices and decisions they have to make and now my level of respect is off the scale, it was a terrifyingly truthful read.
The book is hilarious, horrifying and heartbreaking and certainly took me on an emotional rollercoaster. One page I would find myself belly laughing out loud and the next searching for tissues for a good old cry, and let me tell you it is not for the faint hearted as there are some graphically gross revelations too!
I love a book that really makes you think and assess life and this was certainly one of them, I took so much away, including that the human body is just incredible, junior doctors really are unsung heroes and we need to save our NHS quick sticks!
It is one of those reads that will stay engraved in my mind for a long time, Adams writing style is genius, if you haven’t read the book I highly recommend it and if you have I would love to hear what you thought.
Also please get in touch with book recommendations as I’m always on the hunt for my next great read.

industry_corpus2: Literature & Emotions


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Do you have an idea you’d like me to bring to life for you in metal? Did you see something you’d like, except it needs to be bigger, smaller, or facing a different direction? Do you need architectural elements like gates, railing, and light fixtures to fit a particular theme and space? A truly stand-out sign for your business?
It’s important to me that sculptural pieces fit the place where they’re going to live. When designing a piece for your home or business, I need to know what the space looks like–size, light (or lack thereof), colors, and elements already planned or in place. Photos and video are wonderful for this. Site visits are even better, although not always practical.
I also want to know a bit about your personal tastes and style. You will be the one living with your custom sculpture, so your input is important. You don’t need to know exactly what you want, but an open discussion of what you like and dislike is an important part of the design process.

industry_corpus2: Real Estate & Construction


text: Since March 2004, Keith Meister, M.D. has been the team doctor for the Texas Rangers. But these days, he is best known for a very specialized field of arm surgery. Specifically, he is noted for ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction, otherwise known as "Tommy John Surgery."


text:
This is great stuff. Im a beginner at Jquery Mobile.
Can you please help me understand how dynamic pages work here? (By dynamic pages I mean pages populated by data from a database).
Originally I was using the document.ready and my jquery was not working when switching pages. It only worked after pressing the refresh button.
Any help would be awesome – much appreciated!
Why did you put slideup as a transition and it actually just slides?
I have used the download script, but when I click the Item in the list, (for example “pageInit Event”) the corresponding page is not displayed.
The same happens, when I click the button Live Demo. What is the reason.
Thank your for the answer.
I just tested the source, what browser are you using this on?
When i refesh the second page everithings is load.


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Following his forgettable tour of India in 2016-17, England Test skipper Alastair Cook has decided to step down from captaincy, but will continue to play the format. A veteran of 59 Test matches as England skipper, Cook has managed to win 24 of them second only after former England Skipper Michael Vaughn who has 26 victories to his name.
Alastair Cook has been one of the most prolific run getters for England, Cook finds himself placed 10th in the list of highest run getters in Test cricket with 11, o57 runs at an average of almost 47 with 32 hundreds.
As England captain Cook saw many highs and lows in his career.
Cricketsoccer lists down some of the memorable moments – the highs – in Cook’s career as England captain.
It was against India that Alastair Cook started his Test career back in 2006. In 2012-13 he came back to lead England in one of his most memorable victories as England captain. After going down in the first Test at Ahmedabad, Cook led his team to back to back victories in the second and the third Test in Mumbai and Kolkata. He scored 562 runs in four matches, including three hundred. Also it was him who found two great spinners in England colors in Monty Panesar and Graeme Swann, who absolutely decimated India in their own backyard in the series. Also, it was this series, which started, the differences between Kevin Pietersen and Alastair Cook, giving birth to the huge Textgate incident after which Pietersen was no longer a constant member of the England team and the management started disregarding him. Thus, it can be very well said that Cook’s success as England captain started with this very series win in India.
Cook’s performance in the series was not impressive, but still he managed to win the Ashes in 2013. Most of it was because he had two great bowlers in James Anderson and Stuart Broad who made the victories possible. 10 wickets for Anderson in the Trent Bridge Test and 11 for Broad in the Durham test ensured England won the series 3-0. Cook scored just 277 runs in the series, but there could be no disguising his relief and pride at the end of the fifth Test, when he lifted the urn in front of the Oval crowd to confirm England’s retention of the sport’s oldest prize for the third straight time.
Alastair Cook was in the soup when India were touring England three years back. A defeat at Lord’s and the Kevin Pietersen saga made him a subject of harsh criticism and moreover, his bat was not scripting enough runs for his team. Captain Cook found the going tough. In the third Test at Southampton, he rediscovered his lost form and made 95 runs, which set the tone for England and they leveled the series. Cook gelled his men very well under tough circumstances and England toppled India in the next two Tests at Manchester and Oval to essay a memorable comeback.
England came back to win the Ashes at home and Cook became only the second English captain to win the Ashes twice after WG Grace and Mike Brearley. One again, it was his bowlers who set it up for Cook with Stuart Broad’s 8 for 15 in the fourth Test at Trent Bridge becoming the talking point of the series.
After a series defeat against Pakistan in the Middle East, Cook and his men landed in South Africa for the Basil D’Oliveira trophy. South Africa were the best team in the world, despite a humiliation in India, they were expected to win against England. But Cook’s men never let the Protaes to settle down and snatched another away win.


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Comparing sources for intensity levels, a light meter provides quantifiable light measurement. From measuring the workspace surface illumination to ensuring emergency exits can properly direct, luminosity analyses are important to ensure efficiency and safety. The light meters guarantee that levels fall within a certain brightness range. Enhancing productivity in any work environment, light meters establish and maintain the proper lighting so that workers experience less fatigue during operations.
Description: Best for Comparative or Relative Measurements.
Description: This ingenious device offers a practical and economical solution for light measurements in a variety of learning situations.

industry_corpus2: Technology & Research


text:
Walt Disney Studios has unveiled the official logo for Pete's Dragon. The film is a reboot of 1970's music and will revolve around Bryce Dallas Howard playing a park ranger, in this adaption Pete is a feral child kept alive by his dragon.
The Secret Life of Pets opens the Summer of 2016.
Cate Blanchett stars in Cinderella. Blanchett is the Wicked Stepmother.
A photo of Helena Bonham Carter from Cinderella. Carter is the Fairy Godmother.
Lily James walks into the ball in Cinderella. James is the perfect Cinderella.
Star Lily James listens to her Cinderella director, Kenneth Branagh. The pair are bringing Cinderella to life.
Cinderella star Lily James and director Kenneth Branagh. The Disney animated classic comes to life.
Lily James gets directed by Kenneth Branagh. They're making Cinderella.
Lily James and Cate Blanchett star in Cinderella. James is Cinderella and Blanchett is the wicked stepmother.
Lily James Richard Madden star In Cinderella. The pair play Cinderella and Prince Charming.
Russell: I'm tired! My knee hurts!
Permalink: I'm tired! My knee hurts! Which knee? ...My elbow hurts!

industry_corpus2: Film & Entertainment


text:
In 2012 Access Plans and Benefit Marketing Solutions became part of Aon plc, an industry leader offering innovative insurance and risk management solutions, worldwide. Backed by Aon’s resources our new brand, Aon Benefit Solutions and our existing Benefit Marketing Solutions brand continue to provide the best in class membership programs that made us an industry leader.
Additional resources support adding new products and services that help our clients add revenue, attract and retain customers and employees, drive dollars to the bottom line and generate goodwill in the community.
Aon Benefit Solutions creates membership programs for retail businesses that help your customers save money on the products and services they use every day. Our membership programs offer value for your customers and revenue for you.
In today’s world of rising costs, our health care discount benefits alone can be a lifesaver for many families.
We create membership programs tailored to your needs and the needs of your customers. Select from the consumer discount programs listed on our Products page or create an offering entirely unique to your business.
Once we create your membership program, we don’t stop there. Our Services help you get your program up and running quickly and easily by assisting you with marketing materials, customer service, training and more. Call or Contact Us to find out how we can help you get started.

industry_corpus2: Finance & Economics


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The kindness and generosity of total strangers is something to be celebrated and shared. Two women from Toowoomba dedicated over 11 minutes of airtime on ABC Southern Queensland to me and my debut crime novel Write About Me.
They were having a conversation about the Unleash the Beast event on Wednesday 10th October 2018 that I’m part of for World Mental Health Day.
I feel so blessed – thankyou Emma Mactaggart and Belinda Sanders!
Have a listen – Emma loved Write About Me and says so many lovely things which is a huge boost for me to keep writing!!


text:
Welcome to the Oconomowoc Area School District Human Resources Department and thank you for your interest in our Learning Community. We are committed to providing high quality employment opportunities and services to all staff members. We are also committed to attracting and retaining the highest performing educators, support staff and administrators in Wisconsin. The District offers excellent salary, benefits, and professional development opportunities. Resources for prospective and current employees are listed on this page. Please contact us if you have additional requests or questions.
*Please call for an appointment as we are occasionally out of the office for meetings.
All information related to insurance benefits/wellness is housed in your myInertia Scorecard (including preventive physical and biometric forms). Please visit your myInertia Scorecard as your first stop for forms/information.


text:
No journey is complete without letting others know where you have been. It’s simple: Invest and Invite. God loves everyone, and wants us to let them know Him too. His message is “Good News” and should be shared naturally as opportunities afford themselves, but many believers are intimidated about sharing.
At The Pointe, we offer training and support as you learn how to share your own story with others, and we provide the tools you need to “invest” in relationships with the “not-yet-believers” that you know, and to “invite” them to attend our unique and exciting church. The steps are easy, relational, and natural when you are well-equipped to share the right way. Imagine your friend’s or family member’s excitement as their personal journey with God begins because you cared enough to share His love with them too.


text:
The Little Prepper Doc: Why Should We Prepare?
Natural disasters shake the lives of millions every year.
At the same time, India was struck by a blistering heat wave that left New Delhi suffering from record water and power shortages. Within the last week, a flood tore through Tasmania; while in Europe, the Danube burst over its banks, flooding dozens of homes, and the Czech Republic was devastated by heavy rain fall pouring off the Northern Alps, flooding thousands of buildings and killing 10 people.
Then again, in all honesty, I'm not here to convince you to be prepared; if you are reading this, then you already know that it is essential to have a plan. Instead, I'm really here to show you what simple things you can do to protect yourself and your family.
The first thing people often ask me is what supplies they should get. Well, the FEMA already has published a perfectly good video on that very subject. So I am not going to re-invent the wheel, instead I'll provide the video.
As for a comprehensive wilderness and disaster medicine kit, I will include a listing of the items that you will need and how to use them in a later posting.
In following postings, I will discuss water disinfection and hydration (dehydration and diarrhea), sanitation, and how to ensure proper indoor air quality in situations of quarantine, nuclear war, and natural disasters.
I will also discuss the possible types of medical problems that could arise in different disasters and how to manage them with what you have around the house or within your disaster kit.
You will find in future posts, I will talk about how to manage traumas and perform basic first aid as per the Wilderness Medical Society and Red Cross guidelines. These posts will include information on skin conditions, wound management, dental and eye injuries, bites and stings, as well as heat and cold injuries. I will also provide a list of books, for those of you whom are interested in learning more in depth information on these subjects.
Next, I will cover preparedness in natural disasters/hazards, man-made hazards, and finally terrorism and pandemics.
All the while, I will provide updates as they come and summaries of new studies in wilderness and disaster medicine.
Thank you for following this blog and for desiring to be prepared.


text:
Google co-founder Sergey Brin said Chrome was designed to address the shift to using software from within a Web browser rather than as locally installed computer applications running inside Microsoft Windows or some other operating system.
Google believes any task done in a standalone desktop computer application can be delivered via the Web and Chrome is its bet that software applications can be run via a browser.
“We (Web users) want a very lightweight, fast engine for running applications,” Brin said.
“The kind of things you want to have running standalone (on a computer) are shrinking,” he said, adding that he still edits photos on his computer rather than using a Web program.
Like, Google Earth (the local version) has its WOW factor (hardware accelerated), but Google Maps can load up the maps and satellite images much faster – just by replacing images in the grid. A good analogy: home computing is to home cooking, whereas web-apps is to dining out; the “server” can feed many people at once.


text:
August 1st marks the beginning of the harvest season in the Northern Hemisphere. Earth lovers observe this day and call it Lammas. The word Lammas is a combination of the words loaf and mass, celebrating wheat's first harvest and the baking of bread. The ancient Irish Celts called this day Lughnasadh (pronounced loo-na-sa). Lugh is the Celtic sun god who is honored during the harvest season's advent for his strength in ripening fruits, vegetables and all of life.
Being a city girl my farming consists of planting seeds in other's thoughts and along my kitchen window sill where my herb garden grows. This past May I picked up a few small pots of culinary herbs at my super market, Trader Joe's. I kept it simple and stuck to buying herbs that I frequently use in summer dishes such as mint, basil and parsley. I even included an aloe plant for whenever I need to break a branch off and use the gel as a topical ointment for healing summer's burns, bites, cuts and scrapes.
Since May my herbs and aloe plant outgrew their original containers. As a result I decided to restyle my kitchen garden by re potting my plants in matching clay pots. To fill up the empty spaces in between the pots I added antique green glass vases which creates a stain glass window image as the day's light illuminates them. I adorned the vases with sunflowers because I've always associated August with them and finally Eastern deities, Happy Buddha, Shiva and Ganesha were hand picked and scattered about by my toddler. Once I swept the last of the potting soil off the floor I realized we made our first harvest altar.
This Wednesday the 1st, which is also a full moon, celebrate the year's first harvest by relaxing and reflecting on all that has grown in and out of your life in the year so far. Acknowledge friendships that you have grown and open yourself up to abundance, knowing it flows freely around you, and all of us.
You may just notice how the first stirrings of fall's theme of gratitude are awakening within your consciousness.
Summer's light filled days inspires free flowing schedules that propel us to connect with others, transform and grow. However when the heat is on like the heat waves we've experienced lately here in the North East, the heat within us increases. Our skin as well as our mood gets irritated, our exercise routine pauses and our appetite decreases during the day making us extremely hungry later in the evening which isn't the healthiest time to fuel up.
Ayurveda (eye-your-vay-duhh) yoga's sister science, is a natural medicinal practice from southern India says everything that exists in the universe is made up of nature's elements- space, air, fire, water and earth. Different combinations of these elements create the clouds, rocks, flowers, dogs and us. Some people have more space and air within them. They are called vatas. Vatas are light on their feet, super creative and feel chilly most of the time. Their energy is dominant during late autumn through mid winter. Kapha's are late winter and early spring people. They have plenty of earth and water running through them which makes them congested most of the time, able to go with the flow better than most and they are the friends you can always rely on. Thirdly there's the late spring and summer pitta person. Pitta's have plenty of fire and a little water in them. They run hot, thirsty and are super fast people who have a fiery temper. They are not very emotional when it comes to another's needs but are great strategists. If you're wondering if it is possible to be a combination of two constitutions, the answer is yes.
Once you understand what elements or combination of elements you're made of, then you can use nature's elements to stay balanced and healthy. Since the basic principle of Ayurveda is like increases like, a pitta person during summer's high temps would feel their best if they perfectly follow Ayurveda's how to stay cool tips while a vata type who runs very cold or a kapha who is a little chilly would follow these tips loosely.
Food: Avoid excess salty and spicy foods, soy, onions, garlic, red peppers, red meat, alcohol and fermented foods. Although tomatoes are in season pittas should avoid them on the hottest of summer days. All of these foods burn the inner body so save them for a cooler season. Instead opt for sweet tasting foods which are carbs like rice, pasta, potatoes, bread and dry cereal. Having a bowl of dry cereal with milk for breakfast is perfectly cooling. Also sweet fruits and veggies are in season, so enjoy them. Eat fresh berries, peaches, melons, mangoes, corn, zucchini and squash.
Skin: Summer promotes a whole bunch of skin issues. Sun burn, heat bumps, rashes, scrapes and acne. Buy an aloe vera plant, they're easy to keep in the summer and whenever your skin needs a little cooling break open a branch and use the gel straight from the plant. Also drink aloe vera juice and cool your skin from the inside out.
Eyes: Summer's light makes us squint and strains our eyes. The result can be dry itchy eyes. During the day wear shades outdoors and in the evening soak two cotton balls in milk and place them over closed eyes for about 5 minutes.
Heartburn: Heartburn attacks worse in the summer. When you combine salsa, chips, hamburgers, ketchup, a pickle and alcohol with the summer's hot sun, be ready to burp and feel the burn in your chest. Drinking milk will instantly ease heartburn. At your next barbecue eat plenty of fruit salad, veggies, pasta and potato salad. Hydrate with minted teas and if you must drink alcohol stick to white wine.
Exercise: Taking a dip in water and swimming is ideal. Also a bike ride or walk preferably under leafy shady trails in the morning or sunset are great. Avoid exercising outdoors under the noon time sun. Hot bodied pittas should pass on participating in competitive sports and hot yoga. Yoga in a ventilated room year round is good for everyone.
Smell: Smells get worse in the heat. Body odor, garbage sitting on the side of the curb and the New Yorker in me must share the smell of urine on the streets is intensified under the hot blazing sun. Carrying a small bottle of summer perfect essential oils such as peppermint, jasmine, rose and sandalwood are instantly satisfying and cooling when applied to your wrists, forehead and back of neck.
Using our nostrils and noticing our breath is the fastest way to connect our mind and body. This is why aromatherapy works. Unfortunately learning pranayama/breath work needs to be done in person so... perhaps I'll see you in yoga class this summer where I'll be sure to also teach you summer's most balancing postures. If you can't make it to my class visit a qualified teacher and you'll have the tools...stretching your breath, mind and body... to keep you cool and centered.

industry_corpus2: Agriculture & Fisheries


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When you hover over any standard, it expands and a trash can icon appears. Click the trash can to remove the standard from your lesson plan.
You can add that standard back to any lesson by clicking "Search Standards".


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This past spring I spend a weekend bumming around Collingwood Ontario with my girls. With amazing craft beer, wine, and culinary delights, the weekend was better then we ever could have hoped for. Here are the highlights of our trail of eating, drinking, and relaxing.
Northwinds Brew House: A very small brewery in terms of production with a delicious restaurant to dine in. My favorite part of the brewery component was how artistic Northwinds is with their bottle labels. They have the original concept sketches framed on the wall representing where each table was born from. I was disappointed that they have not made prints of the sketches to sell, I definitely would have purchased a couple.
The appetizers were my favourite part of the meal. Delicious tempura asparagus with chili soy dipping sauce was a hit with the table. A crispy deep fried treat that didn’t make us feel guilty because the batter was so light. Also for the table we ordered the beer pretzels which are made in house and served with cheese sauce and whole grain beer mustard. The beer pretzels were served warm in a mason jar, the presentation stole my heart for sure.
I first discovered what joy was to be found within Eataly while recently walking through the original North American location in New York City. Now That same joy can be found in Chicago. Eataly was founded and created by Oscar Farinetti, an Italian businessmen who got his start in Italy at UniEuro, originally a small appliance and food retail store that he turned into one of the largest electronics retailers in Italy. Oscars mission with Eataly is “to make high quality Italian foods available to everyone, at fair prices and in an environment where people can shop taste and learn”.
Eataly was brought to North America by two driving forces, both sides passionate about true Italian food. The first B&B Hospitality Group which is the collaboration of culinary greats Mario Batali, Joe Bastianich, and Lidia Matticchio Bastianich. The other force being brothers Alex and Adam Saper whom through their discovery of Oscar’s Eatalys in Italy became passionate in their quest to bring it to North America.
Fishs Eddy is my favorite kitchen store in manhattan. You will find a vast variety of dinnerware (new and vintage), glasses, serving items, linens etc. It literally is like a rabbit hole that you will fall into and not want to leave for all the delights you find around each turn in the store.
With the current lead up to the Presidential election, it’s also the perfect place to find unique presidential themed items (with a side of sarcasm).
Check out the Fishs Eddy website HERE.
While lots of us would love to host a holiday party at home every year with an abundance of appetizers, and goodie bags for our guests, let’s face it, it isn’t always possible. This year I had too many time constraints and did not have the attention span to implement it the way I would want to.
I like to indulge as much as anyone over the holiday season. Ok fine, let’s be real, I like to indulge any time of year. My personal weakness is Belgian made Neuhaus chocolates and feel the cravings increasing even as I write this.
It is important to remember though, especially this time of year, that our body needs us to do good things as well.
Check out these tips for helping manage that holiday weight gain.


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Talk about peoples ideas about evolution. Try and say how most competition is in between members of the same species. Competition for mates etc. We can model with maths.
Moles and blackbirds compete for worms, blackbirds and blackbirds compete for worms and everything else. Why don't blackbirds just kill off their competition (and eat them) there's a risk to it and it might help other people more than me.
Good examples is elephants being hunted for tusks, those with larger tusks die and hence tusk size decreases. I introduced genes as parts of the DNA encoding some feature, you could go into more detail if you wanted.
First talk about how science works, we observe something and try and create a model of how it works. This can be linked nicely to Hand model and Handy engineering. It's often best to start with a simple model and add in more elements to improve it. That's what we do here for evolution. You could ask why they think a game is a good model for evolution? Some people win/propagate genes, chance, you make decisions/moves etc. Thankfully the mathematical and normal notion of games match well.
First of all give everyone 10 lego bricks, these are a measure of how 'successful' you have been at life. The game works by two people in the population 'randomly' meeting and competing over a resource (this could be a mate, food, nest). The resource is worth 5 blocks to whoever gets it however only one can get it (no sharing). How can we decide who gets it? Two ways we either have a fight, this is risky as the loser will come out badly hurt so takes a -10, or we can have a argument/show off/staring contest, think peacocks with their tails over mates or pacing in circles in cats, this is risk free but in the time it takes we could have found something elsewhere so we loose -1 for this time. If someone tries to fight you you're able to run away so you don't get injured. If there is a fight/staring then flip a coin/rock-paper-scissors for who wins.
We consider individuals behaving in a very simple way. They are either an aggressive hawk or a peaceful dove (this is firstly untrue as doves are aggressive and secondly unhelpful as this is inter-species competition...). Hawks always fight never run away, doves never fight and will just stare off and run away from fights.
Between a hawk and a dove it's obvious a hawk does well and a dove doesn't do badly.
Between a dove and a dove one gets a win and the other a slight loss. On average though across two fights both are in profit.
Between a hawk and a hawk, one does well and one takes a massive loss. On average neither is doing too well.
-We had one hawk in lots of doves => the hawk would always win and hence the number of hawks would increase (they have lots of offspring).
-We had one dove in lots of hawks => slightly more tricky, the dove would never win, it always scores zero, but the hawks loose 2.5 points a fight on average, so the dove is actually winning by not suffering major injuries.
So from all hawks we're pushed towards more doves and all doves pushes towards more hawks. We can convince them this might have a stable point in the middle which both these push against. In fact it does when the population is 7/12 hawks and 5/12 doves. With 6 people you can simulate this using one of the random cards (explaining it's like half hawk half dove) this also leads into the idea of polymorphism, not that individuals are intrinsically a hawk but they sometimes decide to be one.
- You could vary the rewards, this only really shifts the equilibrium, we pick them with a reasonable weighting. In fact we can actually back calculate these numbers from observing populations too. Increasing penalty for wasting time incentives hawks who never waste time, increasing loosing penalty incentives doves for the same reason. Changing the win value is more complicated. We could also make these random but we can take the expectation and it turns out to be equivalent in the long run. We can observe this in populations of very venomous snakes, they're very unlikely to attack as the risks are high.
- We can introduce new strategies, ask them for ideas. The simpler the better (we don't want to make our model too complicated). The next ones we normally consider are conditional strategists. They make decisions based on what the other person is doing. For example the retaliator stares off like a dove against a dove and fights like a hawk if fought against. Strategies like retaliator and prober-retaliator form a (nearly) Evolutionary Stable Strategy (ESS). They're vulnerable to slight invasions by each other and doves and we get a polymorphism between them.
- We can also "break the symmetry" of the game. So far all fights are 50-50 who wins, in reality this is really not the case. Some members of the species are bigger, more experience fighters or are in home territory giving them an advantage in the fight. The idea of "bigger animal acts like a hawk, smaller a dove" is a stable strategy. Weirdly so is the reverse "smaller acts like a hawk, bigger a dove" as anyone who choose to break it is going to end up in lots of fights. Mexican Social Spiders are a species stuck in one of these paradoxical strategies, "if your nest is invaded act like a dove, if your invading act like a hawk" one invasion leads to many which is very costly however the risk of fighting manages to outweigh it in this species. Also rewards might be worth different amounts to different individuals, older ones might take more risks as they have less to loose, if you have a large stash of food you're less likely to risk much on getting more.
-Memory. Crickets have past memory but can't identify individuals. They remember how well they've done previously and rank themselves on this (I lose 30% of fights). Monkeys can start doing individual rankings, I always loose to Frank and Phil always runs away. This gives you ideas of what strategy other players are using.
If we want somewhere to go next we can go for wars of attrition. Like an auction but all bidders pay their bid and only the highest bidder gets the item. E.g. staring competition for a piece of food, both waste time staring and the loser gets nothing. Lots of things are unstable. Value how much it's worth, stare that long then give up is outdone by someone who stares a second longer than it's worth. If you're not going to win ever you might as well never try so max bid population infiltrated by immediate quitters, then infiltrated by people who wait a second etc.
Imagine there was an indication you might give up, e.g. a whisker flicker when you'll give up in a minute. Strategy where you continued as you would but as soon as your opponent's whisker flickered you wait 61 secs optimal if you're going to give up in a min and they haven't flickered give up now (and don't flick your whiskers!) is optimal. Hence evolution of the poker face. Lying is unstable. Imagine people sat down if they were in for the long game, people would give up if their opponent sat down, then liars emerge who sit down anyway, the people emerge to call the bluff. Lies and truth both unstable.
There's also competition inter species. A lion wants to eat an antelope. An antelope would prefer to not be eaten by a lion. These are mutually incompatible. Obviously lions could instead try to eat other lions but there's no much risk of retaliation. Antelopes don't fight back as it's too risky to attack the lion so they try and improve their running away. This is really just an example of (a rather large) asymmetry in participants.
There is often questions which actually highlight the one major flaw in this model. Humans are actually very bad at following it. There are various good examples in the Public Goods Game, Ultimatum game, Dictator (Trust) 'game' which give very counter intuitive results.
Duplo/Lego Children swallowing Duplo or Lego pieces 1 2 2 The Duplo pieces should be sufficiently large to discourage swallowing. Do not use Lego with very small children and keep a close eye on the box of Lego.
Coins Tossed coins flying off and hitting someone. 1 1 1 Check you can flip a coin without losing control of it, otherwise just spin it on the table. It's perfectly fine to let the children toss the coin themselves, but make sure they're capable of doing it safely with a trial flip first.


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industry_corpus2: Power & Energy


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MEIC works vigorously to reduce the use of dirty coal in Montana and implement a thoughtful transition to renewable and clean energy sources. Our coal program works to address all parts of the coal cycle, from mining, to transportation, to burning and disposal. Coal is a major industrial polluter of air toxins and greenhouse gases, damages our water quality during mining, and puts undue strain on Montana communities as the volume of coal train traffic steadily increases.
The Colstrip coal-fired power plant is the second largest coal plant west of the Mississippi River and each year it is among the leader greenhouse gas emissions sources in the nation. The plant consists of four units. Two units are slated to close by mid-2022 because of a legal agreement between MEIC, Sierra Club and the owners of those two units. The two larger units, have no closure date but four of the six owners will be financially ready to close the plant between 2027 and 2030. Most of the six owners are utilities in Washington and Oregon. NorthWestern Energy is Montana’s only electric utility that has an ownership interest in the plant. NorthWestern owns 30% of unit 4.
About 25% of the nation’s recoverable coal reserves are located in Montana. Coal mining puts land and water resources at risk. Coal mine reclamation is a significant challenge in Montana. Mining companies are not required to reclaim lands concurrently with mining which raises the issue of whether the reclamation bonds are adequate. As groundwater moves through reclaimed mines it becomes contaminated with a multitude of previously unavailable chemicals and toxins. This contamination can appear in surface water, in the uptake of contaminants in vegetation, and in wells. Because coal mining companies are unable to effectively deal with these water quality problems, no land mined after the passage of the Montana Strip and Underground Mine Reclamation Act has ever had its bond fully released.Coal mining in Montana has been declining since about 2014.
As demand for coal in the United States slowly but steadily wanes, coal mining companies are increasingly looking to export coal to Asia to maintain their profit levels. In recent years six proposals to build coal export terminals on the west coast have failed based upon indigenous rights, water quality, and community impacts. Coal export advocates are challenging in court the denial of two of those proposals.
MEIC is working diligently to protect our air and water from the negative impacts of oil and gas drilling. Development of oil and gas in Montana threatens our clean air and climate through unchecked emissions. Development of oil and gas is also increasingly threatening our clean water through the hydraulic fracturing process. MEIC has a long history of working to address environmental issues from oil and gas development in Montana, from coal bed methane development to the current problems surrounding hydraulic fracturing.
Recent technological developments in hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, have spurred increased oil and gas development in Montana. MEIC is working hard to assure that fracking does not contaminate our water.
Emissions from oil and gas development especially with hydraulic fracturing, are increasingly recognized as a major source of toxic and greenhouse gas air pollution.
MEIC recognizes the significant threat of climate change, and has dedicated the majority of resources within our organization towards addressing Montana global warming pollution and climate change.
Human caused global warming through the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) represents a clear and present threat to our natural environment and human civilization that needs to be addressed immediately. The ramifications of a warming climate are pervasive and largely irreversible. Temperatures will continue to increase, sea levels will continue to rise, and the occurrence of extreme weather events will become more frequent. Natural systems will be permanently altered and disrupted, species will go extinct, and our earth will be forever altered. Montana has and will continue to feel the effects of a warmer climate in ways that will affect our natural environment and outdoor heritage.
Climate change is one of the greatest threats to Montana’s economy and way of life.
The Montana Farmers Union reports that climate change could cost Montana’s agriculture industry almost 25,000 jobs and $726 million over the next 50 years.
Meanwhile, the Montana Wildlife Federation reports climate change could cost the state’s outdoor economy 11,000 jobs and $281 million in income due to stream closures, lost hunting opportunities, wildfires, and reduced snowpack.
In 2017, more than 1 million acres burned across Montana in wildfires, causing the state legislature to be called into special session to deal with the enormous firefighting costs.
The Montana Climate Assessment was produced in 2017 after two years of intensive effort by scientists at Montana State University and University of Montana. The assessment explains the major impacts of climate change observed in Montana in recent decades and projected into the future.
MEIC has a long history, and continues today, to play an active role in promoting Montana clean energy projects and policies. Montana has an abundance of clean, renewable energy resources such as wind, solar, energy efficiency, small hydro, and low-emission biomass. In fact, Montana boasts approximately 700,000 megawatts of wind energy potential but only has about 700 installed. That is just 0.1% of our potential! Much more can and should be done to meet Montana and the region’s energy needs with our clean, reliable, and affordable resources. They are the keys to a sustainable energy future.
Energy efficiency means getting more out of the energy we already use. It’s the least expensive, most reliable, and cleanest energy resources available. Although energy efficiency is not always thought of as an energy resource, it is abundantly available and has great potential in Montana and the region. In fact, the Northwest Power and Conservation Council, a regional energy-planning agency, has determined that energy efficiency and conservation can meet 85% of the Northwest’s energy needs over the next 20 years.
Utilities play a critical role in the movement toward a clean energy future. Some progressive utilities around the county are going above and beyond minimum legal requirements to secure cheap, clean energy for their customers. Others are regressive, fighting against anything that might result in more clean energy or energy efficiency. Unfortunately, Montana’s largest utility, NorthWestern Energy, has been and continues to be in the latter category. Diligent watchdogging and strategic actions are continuously necessary to make sure Montana does not go backward on clean energy.
Similarly, Montana’s most likely out-of-state buyers of our clean energy are utilities as well, particularly those serving the large population centers on the West Coast. It is important these utilities evaluate Montana’s clean energy resources fairly as they make decisions about how to meet their energy needs.
Participating in NorthWestern Energy’s long-term planning process advisory committee and providing comments to the PSC on the plan.
Monitoring and countering the actions of utilities at the Montana Legislature, Public Service Commission, and in other legal and administrative forums to hinder our clean energy future.
Monitoring and strategically participating in legal and administrative processes in other states to make sure Montana’s clean energy resources are fairly evaluated.
Thanks to Montana’s tremendous renewable energy potential, we can play a serious role in helping to mitigate climate change. However, in order to realize our full renewable energy potential there will need to be adequate capacity on the transmission lines connecting us with the West Coast markets to carry our renewable electricity.
As coal-fired power plants go offline, transmission line capacity will open up. There is also the potential to upgrade existing transmission lines, or even construct new ones, to carry even more clean electrons and create new jobs in the process.
Pushing transmission system owners, such as the Bonneville Power Administration and others, to upgrade existing facilities to allow for more Montana clean energy exports.
Intervening in administrative proceedings to make sure Montana renewable energy is charged fair rates for use of transmission lines.
When appropriate, supporting the construction of new transmission lines.

industry_corpus2: Mining


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Megalochori is one of the most picturesque villages on the island. Its existence is recorded back to the 17th century.
Home to historical mansions, old traditional houses, pirate hideaways and wine canavas, it has a history of merchants and wealthy land barons exporting Vinsanto wine that the island still produces. A prominent feature of the historical homes and mansions are the high walls, inner courtyards and solid wooden door entrances, built for privacy and for safety against marauding pirates.
A great effort is been made by local residents and businessmen to preserve the characteristics and beauty of this traditional settlement, and many of the original houses that had fallen into disrepair, have been restored to their former glory.
In the center of the village, there a wonderful traditional square with taverns, restaurants and trees providing shade for a quick cup of coffee. The square is the heart and soul of Megalochori, a gathering place for the locals to play a game of cards or 'tavli' (backgammon). Spiraling out in all directions is a maze of winding cobbled streets and smooth edge pathways, just waiting to be discovered.
Predominantly vineyard country, the area of Megalochori covers a large expanse of the south western plains of Santorini, stretching towards the Caldera on the west, and the traditional settlement built on the banks of a stream to the east. Evidence of prehistoric settlements has been found in the area covering the Early and Later Cycladic periods.
There are two remote beaches on the Caldera side, both named after churches in the area, Plaka beach and Thermi beach. They are not accessible by car.
Buses can be caught on the main road going south east to Emporio, Perissa and Perivolos or back north to Fira via Pyrgos, Messaria and Karterados.

industry_corpus2: Travel & Geography