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Genetic pollution is a controversial term for uncontrolled gene flow into wild populations. It is defined as “the dispersal of contaminated altered genes from genetically engineered organisms to natural organisms, esp. by cross-pollination”, but has come to be used in some broader ways. It is related to the population genetics concept of gene flow, and genetic rescue, which is genetic material intentionally introduced to increase the fitness of a population. It is called genetic pollution when it negatively impacts on the fitness of a population, such as through outbreeding depression and the introduction of unwanted phenotypes which can lead to extinction.
Conservation biologists and conservationists have used the term to describe gene flow from domestic, feral, and non-native species into wild indigenous species, which they consider undesirable. They promote awareness of the effects of introduced invasive species that may "hybridize with native species, causing genetic pollution". In the fields of agriculture, agroforestry and animal husbandry, genetic pollution is used to describe gene flows between genetically engineered species and wild relatives. The use of the word “pollution” is meant to convey the idea that mixing genetic information is bad for the environment, but because the mixing of genetic information can lead to a variety of outcomes, “pollution” may not always be the most accurate descriptor.
Some conservation biologists and conservationists have used genetic pollution for a number of years as a term to describe gene flow from a non-native, invasive subspecies, domestic, or genetically-engineered population to a wild indigenous population.
The introduction of genetic material into the gene pool of a population by human intervention can have both positive and negative effects on populations. When genetic material is intentionally introduced to increase the fitness of a population, this is called genetic rescue. When genetic material is unintentionally introduced to a population, this is called genetic pollution and can negatively affect the fitness of a population (primarily through outbreeding depression), introduce other unwanted phenotypes, or theoretically lead to extinction.
An introduced species is one that is not native to a given population that is either intentionally or accidentally brought into a given ecosystem. Effects of introduction are highly variable, but if an introduced species has a major negative impact on its new environment, it can be considered an invasive species. One such example is the introduction of the Asian Longhorned beetle in North America, which was first detected in 1996 in Brooklyn, New York. It is believed that these beetles were introduced through cargo at trade ports. The beetles are highly damaging to the environment, and are estimated to cause risk to 35% of urban trees, excluding natural forests. These beetles cause severe damage to the wood of trees by larval funneling. Their presence in the ecosystem destabilizes community structure, having a negative influence on many species in the system. Introduced species are not always disruptive to an environment, however. Tomás Carlo and Jason Gleditch of Penn State University found that the number of invasive honeysuckle plants in the area correlated with the number and diversity of the birds in the Happy Valley Region of Pennsylvania, suggesting introduced honeysuckle plants and birds formed a mutually beneficial relationship. Presence of introduced honeysuckle was associated with higher diversity of the bird populations in that area, demonstrating that introduced species are not always detrimental to a given environment and it is completely context dependent.
Conservation biologists and conservationists have, for a number of years, used the term to describe gene flow from domestic, feral, and non-native species into wild indigenous species, which they consider undesirable. For example, TRAFFIC is the international wildlife trade monitoring network that works to limit trade in wild plants and animals so that it is not a threat to conservationist goals. They promote awareness of the effects of introduced invasive species that may "hybridize with native species, causing genetic pollution". Furthermore, the Joint Nature Conservation Committee, the statutory adviser to the UK government, has stated that invasive species "will alter the genetic pool (a process called genetic pollution), which is an irreversible change."
Invasive species can invade both large and small native populations and have a profound effect. Upon invasion, invasive species interbreed with native species to form sterile or more evolutionarily fit hybrids that can outcompete the native populations. Invasive species can cause extinctions of small populations on islands that are particularly vulnerable due to their smaller amounts of genetic diversity. In these populations, local adaptations can be disrupted by the introduction of new genes that may not be as suitable for the small island environments. For example, the Cercocarpus traskiae of the Catalina Island off the coast of California has faced near extinction with only a single population remaining due to the hybridization of its offspring with Cercocarpus betuloides.
Increased contact between wild and domesticated populations of organisms can lead to reproductive interactions that are detrimental to the wild population's ability to survive. A wild population is one that lives in natural areas and is not regularly looked after by humans. This contrast with domesticated populations that live in human controlled areas and are regularly, and historically, in contact with humans. Genes from domesticated populations are added to wild populations as a result of reproduction. In many crop populations this can be the result of pollen traveling from farmed crops to neighboring wild plants of the same species. For farmed animals, this reproduction may happen as the result of escaped or released animals.
Aquaculture is the practice of farming aquatic animals or plants for the purpose of consumption. This practice is becoming increasingly common for the production of salmon. This is specifically termed aquaculture of salmonoids. One of the dangers of this practice is the possibility of domesticated salmon breaking free from their containment. The occurrence of escaping incidents is becoming increasingly common as aquaculture gains popularity. Farming structures may be ineffective at holding the vast number of fast growing animals they house. Natural disasters, high tides, and other environmental occurrences can also trigger aquatic animal escapes. The reason these escapes are considered dangers is the impact they pose for the wild population they reproduce with after escaping. In many instances the wild population experiences a decreased likelihood of survival after reproducing with domesticated populations of salmon.
The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife cites that "commonly expressed concerns surrounding escaped Atlantic salmon include competition with native salmon, predation, disease transfer, hybridization, and colonization" A report done by that organization in 1999 did not find that escaped salmon posed a significant risk to wild populations.
Crops refer to groups of plants grown for consumption. Despite domestication over many years, these plants are not so far removed from their wild relatives that they could reproduce if brought together. Many crops are still grown in the areas they originated and gene flow between crops and wild relatives impacts the evolution of wild populations. Farmers can avoid reproduction between the different populations by timing their planting of crops so that crops are not flowering when wild relatives would be. Domesticated crops have been changed through artificial selection and genetic engineering. The genetic make up of many crops is different than that of its wild relatives, but the closer they grow to one another the more likely they are to share genes through pollen. Gene flow persists between crops and wild counterparts.
Genetically engineered organisms are genetically modified in a laboratory, and therefore distinct from those that were bred through artificial selection. In the fields of agriculture, agroforestry and animal husbandry, genetic pollution is being used to describe gene flows between GE species and wild relatives. An early use of the term "genetic pollution" in this later sense appears in a wide-ranging review of the potential ecological effects of genetic engineering in The Ecologist magazine in July 1989. It was also popularized by environmentalist Jeremy Rifkin in his 1998 book The Biotech Century. While intentional crossbreeding between two genetically distinct varieties is described as hybridization with the subsequent introgression of genes, Rifkin, who had played a leading role in the ethical debate for over a decade before, used genetic pollution to describe what he considered to be problems that might occur due the unintentional process of (modernly) genetically modified organisms (GMOs) dispersing their genes into the natural environment by breeding with wild plants or animals.
Concerns about negative consequences from gene flow between genetically engineered organisms and wild populations are valid. Most corn and soybean crops grown in the midwestern USA are genetically modified. There are corn and soybean varieties that are resistant to herbicides like glyphosate and corn that produces neonicotinoid pesticide within all of its tissues. These genetic modifications are meant to increase yields of crops but there is little evidence that yields actually increase. While scientists are concerned genetically engineered organisms can have negative effects on surrounding plant and animal communities, the risk of gene flow between genetically engineered organisms and wild populations is yet another concern. Many farmed crops may be weed resistant and reproduce with wild relatives. More research is necessary to understand how much gene flow between genetically engineered crops and wild populations occurs, and the impacts of genetic mixing.
Mutations within organisms can be executed through the process of exposing the organism to chemicals or radiation in order to generate mutations. This has been done in plants in order to create mutants that have a desired trait. These mutants can then be bred with other mutants or individuals that are not mutated in order to maintain the mutant trait. However, similar to the risks associated with introducing individuals to a certain environment, the variation created by mutated individuals could have a negative impact on native populations as well.
Since 2005 there has existed a GM Contamination Register, launched for GeneWatch UK and Greenpeace International that records all incidents of intentional or accidental release of organisms genetically modified using modern techniques.
Genetic use restriction technologies (GURTs) were developed for the purpose of property protection, but could be beneficial in preventing the dispersal of transgenes. GeneSafe technologies introduced a method that became known as “Terminator.” This method is based on seeds that produce sterile plants. This would prevent movement of transgenes into wild populations as hybridization would not be possible. However, this technology has never been deployed as it disproportionately negatively affects farmers in developing countries, who save seeds to use each year (whereas in developed countries, farmers generally buy seeds from seed production companies).
Physical containment has also been utilized to prevent the escape of transgenes. Physical containment includes barriers such as filters in labs, screens in greenhouses, and isolation distances in the field. Isolation distances have not always been successful, such as transgene escape from an isolated field into the wild in herbicide-resistant bentgrass Agrostis stolonifera.
Another suggested method that applies specifically to protection traits (e.g. pathogen resistance) is mitigation. Mitigation involves linking the positive trait (beneficial to fitness) to a trait that is negative (harmful to fitness) to wild but not domesticated individuals. In this case, if the protection trait was introduced to a weed, the negative trait would also be introduced in order to decrease overall fitness of the weed and decrease possibility of the individual’s reproduction and thus propagation of the transgene.
Genetic In a 10-year study of four different crops, none of the genetically engineered plants were found to be more invasive or more persistent than their conventional counterparts. An often cited claimed example of genetic pollution is the reputed discovery of transgenes from GE maize in landraces of maize in Oaxaca, Mexico. The report from Quist and Chapela, has since been discredited on methodological grounds. The scientific journal that originally published the study concluded that "the evidence available is not sufficient to justify the publication of the original paper."  More recent attempts to replicate the original studies have concluded that genetically modified corn is absent from southern Mexico in 2003 and 2004.
A 2009 study verified the original findings of the controversial 2001 study, by finding transgenes in about 1% of 2000 samples of wild maize in Oaxaca, Mexico, despite Nature retracting the 2001 study and a second study failing to back up the findings of the initial study. The study found that the transgenes are common in some fields, but non-existent in others, hence explaining why a previous study failed to find them. Furthermore, not every laboratory method managed to find the transgenes.
A 2004 study performed near an Oregon field trial for a genetically modified variety of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) revealed that the transgene and its associate trait (resistance to the glyphosate herbicide) could be transmitted by wind pollination to resident plants of different Agrostis species, up to 14 km from the test field. In 2007, the Scotts Company, producer of the genetically modified bentgrass, agreed to pay a civil penalty of $500,000 to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The USDA alleged that Scotts "failed to conduct a 2003 Oregon field trial in a manner which ensured that neither glyphosate-tolerant creeping bentgrass nor its offspring would persist in the environment".
Not only are there risks in terms of genetic engineering, but there are risks that emerge from species hybridization In Czechoslovakia, ibex were introduced from Turkey and Sinai to help promote the ibex population there, which caused hybrids that produced offspring too early, which caused the overall population to disappear completely. The genes of each population of the ibex in Turkey and Sinai were locally adapted to their environments so when placed in a new environmental context did not flourish. Additionally, the environmental toll that may arise from the introduction of a new species may be so disruptive that the ecosystem is no longer able to sustain certain populations.
"Invasive species have been a major cause of extinction throughout the world in the past few hundred years. Some of them prey on native wildlife, compete with it for resources, or spread disease, while others may hybridize with native species, causing "genetic pollution". In these ways, invasive species are as big a threat to the balance of nature as the direct overexploitation by humans of some species."</ref>.
It can also be considered undesirable if it leads to a loss of fitness in the wild populations. The term can be associated with the gene flow from a mutation bred, synthetic organism or genetically engineered organism to a non GE organism, by those who consider such gene flow detrimental. These environmentalist groups stand in complete opposition to the development and production of genetically engineered organisms.
"Uncontrolled spread of genetic information (frequently referring to transgenes) into the genomes of organisms in which such genes are not present in nature."
"...imply either that hybrids are less fit than the parentals, which need not be the case, or that there is an inherent value in "pure" gene pools."
"Mixing" need not be value-laden, and we use it here to denote mixing of gene pools whether or not associated with a decline in fitness.
"If you take a term used quite frequently these days, the term "genetic pollution," otherwise referred to as genetic contamination, it is a propaganda term, not a technical or scientific term. Pollution and contamination are both value judgments. By using the word "genetic" it gives the public the impression that they are talking about something scientific or technical--as if there were such a thing as genes that amount to pollution.
Thus, using the term “genetic pollution” is inherently political. A scientific approach to discussing gene flow between introduced and native species would be to use terms like genetic mixing or gene flow. Such mixing can definitely have negative consequences on the fitness of native populations, so it is important not to minimize the risk. However, because genetic mixing can also lead to fitness recovery in cases that could be described as “genetic rescue”, it is important to distinguish that just mixing genes from introduced into native populations can lead to variable outcomes for the fitness of native populations.
^ a b Rhymer JM, Simberloff D (1996). "Extinction by Hybridization and Introgression". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 27: 83–109. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.27.1.83.
^ Competitive Enterprise Institute staff (2004). "What's Wrong with the Environmental Movement: an interview with Patrick Moore". Environment News. The Heartland Institute. Archived from the original on 24 November 2006.
^ a b c Boffey PM (December 13, 1983). "Italy's Wild Dogs Winning Darwinian Battle". The New York Times. Although wolves and dogs have always lived in close contact in Italy and have presumably mated in the past, the newly worrisome element, in Dr. Boitani's opinion, is the increasing disparity in numbers, which suggests that interbreeding will become fairly common. As a result, genetic pollution of the wolf gene pool might reach irreversible levels, he warned. By hybridization, dogs can easily absorb the wolf genes and destroy the wolf, as it is, he said. The wolf might survive as a more doglike animal, better adapted to living close to people, he said, but it would not be what we today call a wolf.
^ Ellstrand NC (2001). "When Transgenes Wander, Should We Worry?". Plant Physiol. 125 (4): 1543–1545. doi:10.1104/pp.125.4.1543.
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^ 2011, Invasive Plants Can Create Positive Ecological Change.
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^ Appleby, Kevin H. Amos and Andrew. "Atlantic Salmon in Washington State: A Fish Management Perspective - WDFW Publications | Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife". wdfw.wa.gov. Retrieved 2018-05-01.
^ Ellstrand, Norman C.; Prentice, Honor C.; Hancock, James F. (1999). "Gene Flow and Introgression from Domesticated Plants into Their Wild Relatives". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 30 (1): 539–563. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.30.1.539.
^ Carroll, Sean B. (2010-05-24). "Tracking the Ancestry of Corn Back 9,000 Years". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-05-01.
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^ a b Krupke, C. H.; Holland, J. D.; Long, E. Y.; Eitzer, B. D. (2017-05-22). "Planting of neonicotinoid-treated maize poses risks for honey bees and other non-target organisms over a wide area without consistent crop yield benefit". Journal of Applied Ecology. 54 (5): 1449–1458. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12924. ISSN 0021-8901.
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^ a b "Illegal Genetically Engineered Corn from Monsanto Detected in Argentina". GM Contamination Register. Archived from the original on 2011-06-22. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
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^ a b Sang, Yi; Millwood, Reginald J.; Neal Stewart Jr, C. (2013-06-04). "Gene use restriction technologies for transgenic plant bioconfinement". Plant Biotechnology Journal. 11 (6): 649–658. doi:10.1111/pbi.12084. ISSN 1467-7644. PMID 23730743.
^ a b Gressel, Jonathan (2014-08-15). "Dealing with transgene flow of crop protection traits from crops to their relatives". Pest Management Science. 71 (5): 658–667. doi:10.1002/ps.3850. ISSN 1526-498X. PMID 24977384.
^ Crawley MJ, Brown SL, Hails RS, Kohn D, Rees M (8 February 2001). "Biotechnology: Transgenic crops in natural habitats". Nature. 409 (6821): 682–683. doi:10.1038/35055621. PMID 11217848.
^ Quist D, Chapela IH (November 2001). "Transgenic DNA introgressed into traditional maize landraces in Oaxaca, Mexico". Nature. 414 (6863): 541–3. doi:10.1038/35107068. PMID 11734853.
^ Christou P (2002). "No Credible Scientific Evidence is Presented to Support Claims that Transgenic DNA was Introgressed into Traditional Maize Landraces in Oaxaca, Mexico". Transgenic Research. 11 (1): 3–5. doi:10.1023/A:1013903300469.
^ Metz M, Fütterer J (April 2002). "Biodiversity (Communications arising): suspect evidence of transgenic contamination". Nature. 416 (6881): 600–1, discussion 600, 602. doi:10.1038/nature738. PMID 11935144. Archived from the original (– Scholar search) on October 31, 2008.
^ Ortiz-García S, Ezcurra E, Schoel B, Acevedo F, Soberón J, Snow AA (August 2005). "Absence of detectable transgenes in local landraces of maize in Oaxaca, Mexico (2003-2004)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 102 (35): 12338–43. doi:10.1073/pnas.0503356102. PMC 1184035. PMID 16093316.
^ "'Alien' genes escape into wild corn". New Scientist. 18 February 2009.
^ Watrud LS, Lee EH, Fairbrother A, Burdick C, Reichman JR, Bollman M, Storm M, King G, Van de Water PK (October 2004). "Evidence for landscape-level, pollen-mediated gene flow from genetically modified creeping bentgrass with CP4 EPSPS as a marker". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (40): 14533–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.0405154101. PMC 521937. PMID 15448206.
^ "USDA Concludes Genetically Engineered Creeping Bentgrass Investigation".
^ Genetic Rescue: a Safe or Risky Bet?
^ "Say no to genetic pollution". Greenpeace.
^ Greenpeace. "Genetic Pollution a Multiplying Nightmare" (PDF).
^ Milot E, Perrier C, Papillon L, Dodson JJ, Bernatchez L (April 2013). "Reduced fitness of Atlantic salmon released in the wild after one generation of captive breeding". Evolutionary Applications. 6 (3): 472–85. doi:10.1111/eva.12028. PMC 3673475. PMID 23745139.
^ Zaid A, Hughes HG, Porceddu E, Nicholas F (26 October 2007). Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture - A Revised and Augmented Edition of the Glossary of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering. A FAO Research and Technology Paper. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 978-92-5-104683-8. Archived from the original on 30 November 2011.


text: Our good friend from high school got married this past September in Watercolor, Florida, and we were so excited to celebrate with them! It was an absolutely beautiful wedding weekend from the Friday night bonfire to the gorgeous ceremony and reception on the bay. Every detail was thought out, and our friends and I had a blast in our beach house.

industry_corpus2: Travel & Geography


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*Open select Saturdays by appointment only.
Fullerton Dental Group is located on the southwest corner of Harbor Blvd and Orangefair Avenue in the Fullerton Metrocenter. If you are looking for a dental office in the zip codes of 92832, 92831, and 92833 we would love to be your dentist. Dr Bhatia and her team at Fullerton Dental Group are committed to offering the latest in dental technology including single visit CEREC CAD/CAM crowns, Digital x-rays, professional teeth whitening, veneers, implants, and oral cancer screenings. We are proud to partner with dental specialty providers in our office. This includes periodontics, oral surgery and endodontics. We are excited to serve the dental needs of Fullerton, Anaheim, and the surrounding communities.

industry_corpus2: Health & Medicine


text:
Sometimes all you need to get going is a little inspiration.
I thought it might help to share some stories to help give you some of your own garage storage ideas.
The key to an organized space is having the right storage configuration to fit your unique needs. Doesn’t it just make sense that if you have a place for everything, everything can be in its place?
So take a look below, and when you’re ready to get started on your garage makeover, give me a holler.
When these homeowners moved from NYC to Denver, they brought industrial shelves that had line the walls of their basement storage unit, thinking they would suit just fine in their 20’ x 20’ 2-car garage. I advised it would be difficult to fit two cars in the garage if they did that. They agreed it would be tight, but hating the waste, they opted to try and use what they had.
I installed an overhead rack to help them get the stuff that wouldn’t fit on their shelves off the floor and out of the way. I knew that wouldn’t be the last I’d hear of them, so I settled in to wait.
One year later, I got a call. They were tired of having to squeeze in and out of their cars, and they wanted easier access to the stuff on their shelves.
We started with slats on the front wall, which will hold hooks and baskets and shelves that they can move around as their needs change. It also covers up the exposed studs, making for a neater overall look. The wife got really excited about the slat wall, because (as she noted) it had both form and function: not only did it look nice, but it would also give them maximum utility and flexibility to reach the stuff they use regularly and change up the configuration as often as needed.
We also installed two cabinets on the front wall, to hold all their gear and supplies, and keep the clutter behind closed doors.
And we installed shelves all along the side walls, up nice and high so car doors could open wide enough, with tracks to hold yard tools and whatnot without taking up too much space.
Their three bikes we hung from the ceiling studs—easy to access even with cars in the garage.
We made maximum use of their entire space. They were able to store everything they wanted in their 20’ x 20’ 2-car garage, including both cars, with enough room to comfortably ease in and out of every single time.
The key to an organized space is having the right storage configuration to fit your unique needs.
Doesn’t it just make sense that if you have a place for everything, everything can be in its place?
Schedule your free 1-Hour Consultation now!
The homeowners had cleared out their garage, and they wanted to keep everything off the ground and clean. With a few kids plus the parents, this family had a lot of toys: Bikes, scooters, sport equipment, golf clubs, etc. They also needed a place to keep their yard tools and chemicals. And they wanted a space to work on ad hoc projects. With a 3.5 car garage, we had plenty of space to work with.
The first day, we finished the floors: we applied a polyurea concrete floor coating. This is an essential first step in keeping the garage clean. Dust and dirt collect and multiply on unfinished floors, so that’s why we typically recommend finishing them. If a clean garage is a goal, finished floors are a must.
To keep everything off the ground, we focused on the walls and the ceilings: Overhead storage. Tire rack mounted out of the way. The cargo box hanging high above the car, ready to be lowered at a moment’s notice. Bicycles on the wall, easily accessible, with space-saving rotating hooks. Slat walls to hold hooks and baskets. Tracks for yard tools.
To keep things uncluttered, we installed some cabinets with doors and ample storage space for all their chemicals, and a work bench with under-table drawer chests on casters to store their workshop tools.
This homeowner had a small garage and just wanted it to look nice. He didn’t need any storage, and just wanted some paneling installed along the sides like a wainscoting, so the car door wouldn’t hit the wall. This guy was meticulous: I think he washed his car something like every other day.
The solution was simple: a slat wall. I’m choosing to highlight this garage because I enjoyed the installation right from the start. For one, the homeowners were a couple of really cool people. But the main reason is, I knew I could deliver a great product and they would appreciate my workmanship and attention to detail. When I install a slat wall, I make sure everything matches up: I install the screws in straight lines. I make sure the seams are nice and tight. I knew I could impress this extremely meticulous homeowner, because I’m just as meticulous as he is.
My only regret is not getting him to finish the floor. That would have matched really well with his slat walls, and it would have kept his garage a lot cleaner. Maybe he wouldn’t have to wash his car as often!
These folks were collectors, and as such, they wanted their garage to feel like a functional museum: to display their beautiful cars, photographs, racing collectibles and car decals. They also owned a few famous artifact bicycles they wanted to feature on the walls. Keeping that garage pristine was top of the list of needs.
The floors were already finished, so we focused on storage options and walls. We installed cabinets, a big workbench and some tool storage to keep everything behind closed doors or inside drawers. We left their walls clear for their art, and hung their bicycle artifacts like art installations, true to museum form.
A note on the floor: While a clear coat over the concrete is beautiful, it’s not practical and I don’t typically recommend this for the simple fact that it lacks texture and is therefore as slippery as an ice-skating rink with any wetness or just a little bit of dust. In fact, the dust is worse than wetness! The chips on a polyurea floor serve a purpose: they hide dirt, but most importantly, they are anti-slip.
These homeowners wanted to keep their garage clear for their cars and bikes, and to turn their unfinished basement space into a place for winter sports gear and a workshop.
We installed a gear closets for their skis, coats and other associated gear. A closet to store all their tools. And a workbench to fiddle and tinker whenever the urge struck.
This was a fun project. The place was amazing, a gorgeous home on top of Vail, but most of all, I enjoyed turning an empty space into a highly functional one for this very nice, very down to earth couple.
This garage was brand new, as was the house. Lucky for me, the garage was completely empty—a blank slate. This guy had a lot of stuff to store and display: He wanted form and function. A hunter and a keg distributor, this guy had a lot of stuff to store, and at 19’ x 19’ with a stair to the house awkwardly placed, his garage wasn’t huge. Still, he wanted some space to tinker and work, and we were up for the challenge.
The stairs took up a lot of space in the front, and he knew he wouldn’t be able to get 2 cars in there even if he wanted. So, we left space for one car and worked with the rest. Luckily, he had tall ceilings so we could put some overhead racks, which helped with the bulky gear like car carriers and hunting totes.
He’s also a tool guy, and had quite a collection, so we turned the space in front of the stairs into his workshop.
In the end, we made the most of the space he had, and thankfully he was pretty happy with it. All’s well that ends well.
Keep checking back for more garage makeovers!

industry_corpus2: Real Estate & Construction


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EghtesadOnline: The Swiss government is moving ahead with plans to unveil a humanitarian payment channel for Iran through complex negotiations with different parties in Iran, the US and Switzerland.
The channel, which is separate from EU's Special Purpose Vehicle (renamed INSTEX), intends to stick to medical equipment, pharmaceuticals and food –goods the US says are not subject to its sanctions re-imposed after the mercurial and highly controversial President Donald Trump abandoned the Iran nuclear deal last May.
In an exclusive interview with the Financial Tribune Swiss Ambassador to Iran Markus Leitner said " good progress" has been made through multilateral talks but the channel is not operational yet.
Switzerland is busy working with the Iranian authorities including the HealthMinistry, the Central Bank of Iran and the US Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control and the US Department of State to operationalize the channel.
"We are working with Swiss companies and banks. We have to bring everybody on board and are determined to do so," Leitner said.
The Tribune had been informedthat requirement for the channel, which is the transfer of funds to it, had been completed. Leitner said that is not the case despite "the very hard work" on the part of the relevant authorities in his country.
The Swiss have made progress on the issueas they have earlier experience in establishing a similarmechanism during the previous round of sanctions.
"We did not have to set up a new institution as was the case with the SPV where an institution had to be built from scratch," the senior diplomat said.
"The focus of our engagement is the Iranian consumers and patients”, said Leitner, refusing to give a time line as to when the channel would be up and running.
Bern is taking extra caution to avoid risk of abuse in distribution and supply chain so that Iranian patients or consumers do not encounter smuggled goods or products that are not fully approved by the Health Ministry in Tehran.
According to the ambassador, the idea is to define an additional channel without competing with Europe's INSTEX.
"This is not an SPV and it's not an additional institution; it’s an existing banking channel."
Elaborating the point, he said, “Switzerland is an important supplier of these products and we want to make sure that these products are coming to Iran through this banking channel."
Among banks that have been mentionedas the host of the channel is BCP. Butin a statement to the Financial Tribune, the bank denied that it had resumed any business with Iran.
"No funds linked to Iran have been transferred from Japan to our bank. We have indeed suspended any new transaction related to Iran after May 8, 2018," the bank said in an emailed statement.
"BCP was a bank that was used before in the previous Swiss channel and has had good relations with Iran so it's normal that name comes up," the ambassador said. He would not confirm any names of banks involved.
He noted that there are banks ready to host the channel but they still "need to make sure that everybody is on board"–both Americans and Iranians. The banks have been particularly reluctant but authorities are working with the banks to "put them at ease".
Another catch is that Iran needs money to fund the transactions.
"There already are certain funds in some Swiss banks that have been there from the past and can be used. But we will need more money because demand is high," Leitner said without going into details.
"This is not a political but a humanitarian project and is a completely transparent mechanism and something that benefits the Iranian population."
Not eager to make any premature announcements, the ambassador said his country prefers to walk the talk instead of making statements." Once the channel becomes operational, we will start to ship. We want to support the banks to break their reluctance and make them feel compliant."
As Leitner noted, the Swiss channel is not like the SPV and the two are separate mechanisms.
"SPV tries to minimize banking transactions but ours is a direct banking channel because it is focused on humanitarian goods," he said.
Asked if the channel could or would expand in the future, he said a substantial part of Swiss trade with Iran is already in humanitarian goods and no Swiss companies in this field have left Iran, some of which have 1,000 employees here.
"We have very broad-based ties with Iran and I think the two countries have developed the trust in relationships over the years," he said. A sign of this is that SwitzerlandrepresentsUS interests in Iran for almost 40 years and also represents Iran in Saudi Arabia.

industry_corpus2: Finance & Economics


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Eprise Aura India by Lise Charmel is designed perfectly by the experts at Lise Charmel to compliment the Lise Charmel Aura Tropical collection so items can be mixed offering the support and fit for larger cups in Eprise and the exquisite nightwear and more choices of briefs from Lise Charmel to suit your individual style.
Aura Indiai s a beautiful floral print on a white background, delicate flower print with exquisite French embroidery of flowers and stylized foliage.
Made by Lise Charmel for their Eprise Range designed for Fuller cups with specialist support and full coverage briefs, the range compliments the Lise Charmel - Instant Couture collection so that the lingerie can be mixed and matched to suit your individual requirements.

industry_corpus2: Others


text:
Configure a database monitoring item.
Zabbix does not limit the query execution time. It is up to the user to choose queries that can be executed in a reasonable amount of time.
The Timeout parameter value from Zabbix server is used as the ODBC login timeout (note that depending on ODBC drivers the login timeout setting might be ignored).
The SQL command must return a result set like any query with select …. The query syntax will depend on the RDBMS which will process them. The syntax of request to a storage procedure must be started with call keyword.
Note that the error message length is limited to 2048 bytes, so the message can be truncated. If there is more than one ODBC diagnostic record Zabbix tries to concatenate them (separated with |) as far as the length limit allows.

industry_corpus2: Computing & Telecommunications


text:
We are delighted to share the extraordinary achievement and success of past pupil Michelle McIntosh (Class of 1991). Associate P rofessor Michelle McIntosh was jointly awarded the Dr John Dixon Hughes Medal for Medical Research Innovation by the National Foundation for Medical Research and Innovation on 8 December, 2016.
The medal celebrates the achievements of Australia’s recent biomedical research innovators and entails a $50,000 prize in the form of a research grant for each recipient.
Michelle was awarded the Medal for her development of an inhalable form of oxytocin to prevent postpartum haemorrhage in women from resource-poor settings.


text:
After performing her hit single “Praying” at the 2018 Grammys, Kesha took to Twitter to give thanks to everyone who has supported her.
Following a Time’s Up-inspired introduction from Janelle Monáe, Kesha led a group of all-female vocalists that included Cyndi Lauper, Camila Cabello, Andra Day, Julia Michaels and Bebe Rexha in an emotional rendition of the powerful ballad. The performance ended with a tearful Kesha embracing her fellow singers as the audience gave them a standing ovation.
Kesha has long been embroiled in a legal battle with music producer Dr. Luke, who she alleges sexually assaulted her during their years working together, which he has repeatedly denied. Her comeback album, Rainbow, was nominated for best pop vocal album while “Praying” was nominated for best pop vocal performance.

industry_corpus2: Film & Entertainment


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Does your firm have appropriate policies and procedures in place to ensure compliance?
Advise and assist those responsible for ensuring compliance.
Monitoring then is key to fulfilling regulatory obligations and expectations. This is true in the current world and amplified under SMCR. For those firms facing SMCR in 2019, Compliance Monitoring should be seen as one of the senior manager’s best friends. Without a robust monitoring programme that tests what you’re doing and the outcomes achieved, how else can senior managers, with their newly codified responsibilities, take comfort that they are discharging their responsibilities diligently? That they are organizing and controlling their business responsibly and effectively? That they are genuinely treating their customers fairly?
This practical workshop will allow attendees to share their priorities, models and challenges in order to benchmark themselves against others. When run in-house it can be customized to focus on the challenges faced by firms in your own sector as well as generally across all FCA-regulated firms.
What responsibilities are expected of the compliance oversight function?
Mapping your firm’s compliance risk to its permissions, business model, the regulatory requirements and supervisory priorities.
With over 20 years training experience in financial services, Stephen brings a range of experience across different sectors to this course. He is a former Head of Education for HSBC covering the UK and Europe, responsible for regulatory and financial crime related compliance learning.
Other roles include leading the UK Monitoring and Testing programme at Barclays Wealth, and responsibility for Global Risk & Compliance training at a US-based bank. Stephen also worked in the Insurance Firms division at the Financial Conduct Authority (in the FSA days) where he was the divisional expert for the rules and outcomes required under the Training & Competence handbook. Stephen won the Thomson Reuters award for “Most Effective Compliance Training at a Regulated Firm” in 2010.


text:
3d LED TV Coupons: Discounts And Coupons Codes For 3d Led Televisions | 3d LED TV Coupons: Baragin, Discounts, Specials And Coupon Codes For 3d Led Televisions At 3dledtvcoupons.com.
3d LED TV Coupons: Baragin, Discounts, Specials And Coupon Codes For 3d Led Televisions At 3dledtvcoupons.com.
3D LED TV Coupons: Baragin, Discounts, Specials and Coupon codes for 3D LED Televisions.


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geopathic stress and unhealthy environments.
Helps for growth of your spirituality and health .
It has strong healing and cleansing powers.
Bracelet will bring positive vibrations by wearing it every day!
*Shipping Worldwide outside USA and Canada may take 2-5 weeks.


text:
P.A.M. Transportation Services, Inc. P.F.Chang's China Bistro, Inc.
P.M.& E INC P.T. Telekomunikasi Indonesia, Tbk.
PAC ALLIANCE ASIA PACCAR Inc.
PACHINKO INC PACHINKO WORLD, INC.
PACIFIC BEPURE INDUSTRY INC Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc.

industry_corpus2: Transportation


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The 3Rs principle for the replacement, reduction and refinement of animal testing was first described in 1959 by the scientists Russell and Burch as key strategies of a systematic framework to achieve humane experimental techniques. Since then, the international community has made a major effort to develop and implement alternatives to animal testing. New methods like in vitro and in silico have, in turn, generated new sources of knowledge. The volume of information relevant to the 3Rs has increased exponentially.
A study carried out by the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC) in 2016 compiled knowledge sources (websites, publications, databases, organisations, events, expert groups, etc.) relevant to the 3Rs, identifying the typical target and how they share content. This study, is now available in the public domain.
To make the most of this ever-expanding knowledge base, Douglas Connect has developed an online application DC 3Rs to allow fast, reliable and sustainable sharing. The user-friendly app allows the user to consult 3Rs knowledge sources listed in the JRC study. All available resources can be easily browsed, filtered and visualised in real-time.

industry_corpus2: Technology & Research


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In my opinion, your choice of RPA tool need not depend upon the programming language you know. Most RPA tools are designed such that they do not expect a RPA developer to know a lot of coding.
Having said that, it does help if you know a programming language like C#, .NET. or VB as the RPA tools allow custom coding to be done to stitch together a process flow. At those times, knowing one of the languages proves to be an advantage. But knowing a programming language is not a pre-requisite and not knowing one is not a constraint to build skills on a RPA tool.
Each RPA tool has it’s place in the market, you may want to build a good high level awareness about the capability differences of the leading ones, and of course go deeper in the ones that you then choose to.

industry_corpus2: Programming


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I agree that losers must be magnanimous in defeat but how do we know who the losers are when ballot boxes are stolen, stuffed, resurface and swing election outcomes?
Anambra - elections did not take place. Talk to people who were on ground in that state to vote. The vast majority would say they couldn't vote. Somehow election results are declared in the state with a very high voter turnout (the ghost voters) and they all overwhelmingly vote for an unpopular candidate.
Rivers - bandits, thugs and armed rooks had threatened the public "don't come out to vote unless you're coming to vote for PDP". The media captured the theft of boxes on camera. Voters were intimidated, somehow a 95% turnout is recorded and 90% vote for PDP!?!?
Ondo - Same old story all over again. The Deputy Governor was caught RED HANDED with election materials in a desperate attempt to rig and steal the election. Guess what? They shaved it. Stole the mandate and the people protested.
There were cases like this all across the nation.
And for yesterday's presidential election. Even by the standards of past Nigerian elections, it was a collosal failure. A very significant percentage of the elections were postponed for lack of materials or errors.
Would things like this happen in a civilized democracy? NO! Can you imagine say the Democratic Party's logo and/or name missing on the ballot paper in the California Senate race? NO! The electoral chief would resign immediately in the wake of such embarrassment, but we accept this level of mediocrity in our own country.
To say the 2007 elections have been flawed is a massive understatement. This was not an election but a charade. We deserve better than this.
I find it rather alarming when you say that "there were misconducts in a few cetres". Really maybe u should research better. Like you pointed out INEC and PDP has not really provided a level playing ground so that gives them an excuse to whine.
I think you should take each and every of these their allegations seriously and you will see some truth in it.
i'm filled with complete dissapointment whenever i read in the media that respectable nigerians have endorsed this charrade we call elections.
monitoring elections only in abuja is never enough to assess it's overrall credibility. it's a pity you don't have a back-grounder on previous elections in nigeria before you put this piece.
if we say yes to this collosal fruad, then we are also saying yes to exam malpratice,419,foggery,money laundering and their likes.
peharps, Oba's comment sums it all "we deserve better than this" This is definitely not the nigeria i dream of!!!
Nigeria is a big country dat needed God intervention. My advise is dat no matter hw far it cud be,punishment is coming upon evryone dat has paid or planted devilish act in dis country.

industry_corpus2: Politics & Administration


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The midterm elections changed Dictator Donald Trump (DDT). Despite his declaration that the Democratic takeover of the House and many more state elected officials, including governors, the sullen DDT roars like a wounded bear.
DDT fired Jeff Sessions as DOJ Attorney General.
He tried to protect himself from Robert Mueller’s investigation by appointing a possible crrok and “constitutional nobody,” in the words of George Conway, the husband of DDT’s legal counsel Kellyanne Conway.
The Wall Street Journal published information about how intelligence found evidence that he personally broke campaign laws.
DDT created a war with French president Emmanuel Macron before his trip to Paris.
He attacked UK Prime Minister Theresa May who had called him to congratulate him on his “election victory” by telling her that she isn’t doing enough to contain Iran, questioning her work on Brexit, and complaining on trade deals.
He couldn’t be bothered to commemorate the dead soldiers that U.S. sent to World War I that ended 100 years ago.
DDT didn’t bother to walk with the other 60 leaders attending the Paris Peace Forum but enthusiastically greeted Vladimir Putin.
He’s sent hysterical tweets, accusing voter fraud in Arizona and Florida after Democrats narrowed the gap in voters from the Republicans.
Kim Jong-Un, who DDT claims sent him “beautiful letters” after the two of them “fell in love” (DDT’s words), keeps building undeclared missile operating bases used to disperse mobile launchers for ballistic missiles, at least 20, after DDT announced they had agreed Kim would not continue.
Robert Mueller’s investigation shows increased interest in Dmitri Rybolovlev, the Russian oligarch, who bought Donald Trump’s Palm Beach mansion in 2008 for $95 million and never lived in the mold-infested property after he was detained and questioned in Monaco on charges of corruption.
DDT’s national debt just topped $1 trillion, headed to $1.3 trillion for the year—145 percent increase from 2017. This from the man who promised to eliminate the national debt.
DDT-appointed Judge Dabney Friedrich refused to drop Mueller’s charges against Russian firm Concord Management and Consulting for attempting to swing public opinion for the U.S. election through social media posts.
GM and Honda are ignoring DDT’s proposed rollback of fuel-economy standards and plan to proceed with its zero-emission vehicle sales program instead of manufacturing one type of car for 13 states, including California, with higher standards and another set for the other states.
Fox network is also deserting DDT. Sean Hannity and Jeanine Pirro did give partisan speeches at a campaign rally before the midterm elections, but last month Fox’s chief anchor Shepard Smith said that the caravan from Central America—which hasn’t been mentioned since the election—isn’t an invasion. He said, “No one is coming to get you.” Ralph Peters, longtime Fox military analyst, quit. He gave the three divisions for the network: those who see DDT as “the new messiah”; cable news opportunists who fell in line; and respectable hosts who are “disgusted by what goes on there.” Fox filed an amicus brief in support of CNN when it sued the White House for pulling press credentials from its reporter, Jim Acosta.
A huge disaster for DDT is the CIA report that Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS) ordered the torture and dismembering of journalist Jamal Khashoggi in its embassy in Instanbul last month. DDT wants to keep MBS’s friendship to keep getting oil from his country and continues to support him. Part of DDT’s strategy to appease Turkey for not punishing Saudi is to return Fethullah Gulen, a 77-year-old ailing religious scholar who has sought asylum for 20 years, to Turkey for possible torture and assassination by President Recep Erdogan. The White House says that he has no plan for this, but the State Department is looking into Gulen’s return—although it’s just a coincidence and has nothing to do with MBS or DDT. The spokesperson for the State Department said that the case is handled by DOJ that says it knows nothing about extraditing Gulen to Turkey.
According to the conservative Wall Street Journal, Michael Flynn and his son, Michael Flynn Jr., met with Erdoğan’s associates to plot the kidnapping of Gulen and deliver him to Turkey in exchange for $15 billion. At the time, Flynn was first DDT’s campaign surrogate and then his National Security Advisor.
He threatened to withhold federal funding from the disastrous California wildfires that have now killed over 70 people.
He threatened France with tariffs.
He blamed aides, especially Deputy White House Chief of Staff Zachary D. Fuentes, for not telling him that he would look bad if he didn’t attend the 100th anniversary of World War I at a cemetery near Paris.
His Twitter attacks on France occurred on the anniversary when 130 people were killed in Paris from an extremist attack. He sent no condolences for the tragedy.
He encourages his followers to be violent against Antifa protesters.
He claimed before the election that he would finish a “very major” new tax cut—that congressional members knew nothing about—but, like the caravan in Mexico, no one talks about it now.
He justifies voter ID by saying that no one can buy cereal without an ID.
DDT’s “improvement” in the GI Bill is now blocking housing, loan, and tuition for tens of thousands of veterans, a situation further complicated by his closing the VA’s Office of Economic Opportunity and resulting in “dire circumstances” for veterans. Even worse, VA officials testified that they had no idea when the information technology system, also blocking GI Bill benefits, will be updated. With delayed or never delivered payments, some veterans face debt or homelessness. A large number of veterans have been waiting over 60 days. The VA said that they didn’t expect payments to be delayed in the spring—months from now—but veterans may receive the wrong amount of money.
DDT can’t explain—even to the troops—why the military is deployed on the southern U.S. border at a cost of at least $220 million by the end of the year. All Defense Secretary James Mattis could find for an answer is that he’ll get them an answer when they see what happens. Over 5,000 service members are looking for something to do in the southern U.S. while people are need to help with the huge wildfires in California where over 1,000 people are missing.
Almost 14 months after Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico, causing at least 3,000 deaths and leaving many of the residents without electricity, DDT continues to destroy the U.S. territory. He now lies that its government is using federal disaster funding to pay its debts.
0.6 percent were targeted because of gender bias.
Of 1,679 religious hate crimes reported, 58.1 percent were anti-Jewish and 18.6 percent were anti-Muslim.
A new conspiracy theory from GOP voters: the California fires are caused by “directed energy weapons”—government-directed lasers bent on destroying homes, property, and lives.
Soybeans are a left-wing conspiracy to emasculate men and estrongize their bodies—a recent conspiracy theory from the white supremacists. That follows the belief that juice boxes are feminizing male children by keeping them from handling stress (DDT?), becoming “low energy” (DDT?), and behaving childishly (DDT?). These people need to find a day job.
The latest reason that DDT could not go out in the rain to honor veterans—his hair.
Horror novelist and Hollywood writer-producer Stephen King wrote that DDT’s tweets during the past nine days gives “a “window into an increasingly disordered mind.” He added, “Since we are all to some extent his hostages, I find this dismaying and rather frightening.” As DDT’s power diminishes, his rage grows, endangering the entire United States.
Transformational News; What Works For Seven Future Generations Without Causing Harm?


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Saudi Arabia has been a strong ally of US since the 1950s, but now, it seems to be moving on and improving ties with even Russia and China. Fortunately for India, Saudis want better relations with India too, because it is a great market for their oil. Saudi Arabia’s support to Pakistan, and India’s support to Russia has caused some tensions in the past but both the countries have always had strong economic ties, and India must make sure that these ties only improve. Manmohan Singh’s visit to Saudi Arabia in 2010 was the first by any Indian Prime Minister in 28 years. When the king of Saudi Arabia came to India in February 2014, a number of issues were discussed including defence, trade and infrastructure. It is great for India that such an interest has been shown, and now India must take advantage of this by enhancing political and economic ties.
India relies heavily on Iran for energy. India imported oil from Iran even when the West banned on Iran on 16 January 2016 Iran from doing any international trade. For the time being, sanctions have been temporarily lifted and India must make use of this opportunity by encouraging Indian firms to invest there. The Chabahar port in Iran is strategically and economically very crucial to India, because with that India will form a direct sea-link to Iran by bypassing Dubai. This would also allow India to gain a direct access to Central Asian markets and thereby, increasing mineral trade with Afghanistan. Iraq It is also a big source of energy for India. But, Iraq is a nation trying to recover from years of wars, so there is an opportunity for Indian firms to invest there. Iraq’s president was even called for investments from India to help in the rebuilding process of Iraq. In the past, Iraq supported India on the Kashmir issue.

industry_corpus2: Power & Energy


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I once read that the average 4 year old asks 437 questions a day.
437. That’s a huge number… but after a day FILLED with questions, it feels way too low.
Why did you name me this?
Who is the oldest person in our family?
I wake up in the morning to questions from my son.
And he goes to bed at night with questions still on his lips that I haven’t quite managed to answer to his satisfaction.
These questions get exhausting quickly. But there’s something about quantifying them that makes it real. 437 questions. Means 437 opportunities to connect with the kids. 437 beautiful chances to show them how much we love them and how fascinated we are by the things they care about.
Sure, right now it’s a bit too much about Ninjago and how exactly thunderstorms happen, but the question isn’t the important bit. The connection is what matters, and that connection will last our whole lives through.
437 questions are exhausting, but 437 chances to nurture and build your relationship with your 4 year old is worth becoming a walking encyclopedia of useless information, even on the most tiring of days.
Just be glad we’re raising kids in the age of google, so we can actually find the answers to their hardest questions!
I agree that it is sometimes exhausting to answer so many questions, but at the same time, it’s fun.
Hey Buddy!, I found this information for you: "437 ways to show your child love every day". Here is the website link: https://www.beautythroughimperfection.com/437-ways-to-show-your-child-love-every-day/. Thank you.

industry_corpus2: Subject Education


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Facebook: Making life better, one status update at a time.
Has anyone else seen the beer commercial (I think it’s for Budweiser) with the guy who’s sitting at the bar being a wet blanket, mentioning all of these things that seemingly make life worse, like the economy, gas prices, global warming, and Mondays? Then, all of the other happy people at the bar start chiming in with things that make life worth living, like Fridays, chocolate chip cookie dough, and…Facebook. It is at this point in the commercial when I make my trademark sourpuss face. Facebook? Really? Facebook is what makes you feel good about life? I found this concept deeply disturbing and felt myself becoming offended on behalf of the universe and life itself.
Not to get too far off course here, but I recently listened to this story on Radiolab about how, basically, all life exists because of one imperfection that occurred when the universe was created. In the universe, there is matter and anti-matter. Because of their electrical charges, these particles attract each other and eventually collide and obliterate one another. The only reason anything exists is because, for every billion parts of anti-matter, there are a billion and ONE parts of matter. If that imbalance had never occurred, there would be nothing.
So, when you look at this magical thing called existence, and you imply that Facebook is one of the better things about it…it just makes me mad. I know what you’re probably thinking: “Relax, idiot, it’s just a commercial.” But don’t you think it says something about our culture, that maybe our priorities aren’t quite where they should be? Yes, of course I’m on Facebook like everyone else and use it quite frequently, but I don’t think that makes me a hypocrite. I think Facebook serves three main functions. One: personal networking/staying in touch. Two: professional networking/publicity. Three: time-waster. Beyond that, it is simply a web site that allows you to project a tailored, public image of yourself. Out of all the things that make me happy in life, I wouldn’t put it very high on the list. Would you?
Hey, it’s an angry rant! Haven’t seen one of these in a while! To be mailed (that’s right, mailed) tomorrow.
I am writing to explain a problem I have been having with your company for the past two years. Several times a month—and often it’s much more frequent than that—my husband and I receive phone calls to our home phone from people asking for Douglas Mills. We do not know who Douglas Mills is. On numerous occasions, we have told your operators to remove our number from your database and to stop calling our house. Every time, we are assured that this has been done, yet we still continue to receive phone calls constantly.
Last night, there was a missed call from your company on our phone, so I called the number. Instead of a human picking up, I was greeted with a recording that immediately told me I was on hold. When I was eventually connected to a person, I explained again that Douglas Mills does not live in my house. I asked the female operator for the name of your company out of genuine curiosity, because at this point I am truly trying to get to the bottom of the issue. She told me that it was “OCS” but would not elaborate further. When I told her to stop calling, she hung up on me mid-sentence.
I then called back and spoke to a different operator, Shawn Marcel. When I spoke to him, I asked him the name of the company. He skirted my question numerous times, eventually telling me that the company’s name was Omni, but when I asked what the “CS” stood for, he would not answer. He then told me that I “[had] no business” talking to him or asking him these questions. I said that I absolutely had business with the company since I am constantly receiving phone calls from them. When I told him I was planning to call back if he did not give me the basic information that I felt I was entitled to, he said I could “feel free to waste [my] time” and then hung up on me. Mr. Marcel’s customer service skills were absolutely horrendous and I do not think he belongs in a position where he is expected to interact with other humans on a daily basis.
I called back a third time (this was January 16 at around 7:30pm) and spoke to a woman who was extremely helpful compared to Mr. Marcel. She verified the name of your company and even provided me with a mailing address when I told her I wanted to submit a formal complaint. She also assured me that the phone number was removed from the database, and even though I think there’s a good chance she was lying, I at least appreciate how she treated me with a degree of respect, however disingenuous. Unfortunately, I subsequently looked up OCS online and found the contact information for your Tampa Office. It does not match the PO Box address (P.O. Box 23381, Tampa, FL) that the wonderful operator gave me, so I am now worried that she may have been trying to lead me astray. Perhaps you can explain this discrepancy as I would hate to find out that she is a liar.
In closing, I do not understand why, after explaining the very first time that Douglas Mills does not live at my address and no longer uses that phone number, that I should ever receive another phone call regarding that matter. At this point I truly feel badgered and, as much as you may want me to, there will never be a day when I am magically going to admit that, yes, I really am Douglas Mills.
Please do not call my number ever again, and I would also appreciate a written acknowledgement to this letter.
Thirty-six breads down, and only six breads to go! Unfortunately, this bread totally stunk. I knew it was going to stink based on all of the blog posts I read about it, and considered putting it off until later. But, that would only mean that one of the lasts breads I make would totally stink, and I don’t want to end the challenge on a bad note. So, I pressed on. It’s actually a shame that all of the bloggers hated on it, because that led me to cut a lot of corners, which didn’t help my bread at all.
I started on Friday night by making the rye starter (barm + rye flour + water) and rye soaker (rye flour + water). Error #1: This formula calls for white rye flour and pumpernickel flour. I didn’t have either of these, and instead on embarking on a long and expensive flour search, I just used my dark rye flour across the board, which definitely cut down on the flavor complexity.
On Saturday morning, I combined rye flour, salt, caraway seeds, and the starter and soaker. Rye flour/dough is brownish and not very pleasant to look at.
The formula didn’t even call for a small amount of instant yeast (which is often used in sourdough breads, just to kick-start the fermentation process). And, since rye flour has lower gluten content than regular flour, it takes a really long time to rise (and didn’t rise much at all). This is the dough before and after a four-hour rise. Hardly any change. If I had left it out for another couple of hours, there’s a chance it would have risen more, but I didn’t want to wait any longer—especially since it had to proof for another two hours after that.
After forming the dough into two torpedos, I left them out for another two hours, again seeing a minimal rise. I baked them according to the directions. Once done, they didn’t look too awful.
The funny part is, for such small loaves, they weigh about 6 pounds apiece. After cutting into it and trying a piece, it actually had a pretty decent rye flavor, despite being very dense. Unfortunately, they were totally underbaked! Like I said, I baked them according to the directions, the bottoms were golden brown when I took them out, and the loaves sounded hollow when I tapped on them. Despite all of this, they are very gummy. However, that didn’t stop me from eating about a third of one loaf that evening. What can I say? I was a little hungry. I tried toasting a couple of pieces to see if it would dry out the center, but that didn’t really do anything. I ate the last couple of pieces with some butter and strawberry preserves, and that was quite tasty. But, in that case, I think the bread was more of a delivery device for the preserves than anything else.
Next up: Poilane-Style Miche. I don’t understand two out of those three words, so I’m sure I’ll learn a lot from that bread.
I’d better run out and buy a few pounds of pastrami, because this rye bread is off the charts. I have to admit: these homemade sourdough breads are changing my life for the better. Here’s what went down.
On New Year’s Day, I made the starter using 1 cup of barm, rye flour, water, and a wildcard ingredient: sautéed onions. Once that was mixed, it sat out for 4 hours until it doubled in size, then went in the fridge overnight.
The next day, I made the rest of the dough, which called for bread flour, white rye flour (I wasn’t able to find that, so I used dark rye instead), instant yeast, vegetable oil, milk, and caraway seeds. This recipe makes a lot of dough, and it was a little too much for my stand mixer to handle, so I wound up doing most of the mixing and kneading by hand, which was fine. I don’t want to get too spoiled by machines. After kneading, the dough sat for about two hours. Below are the starter and dry ingredients, and the dough pre and post-rise.
After the rise, I divided the dough into two pieces and let them proof in loaf pans for another hour and a half. They came out quite nicely! The crust is nice and firm, while the inside is…well, the only word I can think to describe it is “fluffy.” Very light and delicious. I can tell that the onions really made a world of difference. Not long after it came out of the oven, Michael made himself a grilled cheese sandwich, which was very tasty. But, we definitely need to invest in some deli meats in the near future.
Next up: 100% Sourdough Rye Bread.


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There are many things to consider when planting a tree. As a certified arborist, we have the knowledge, experience and ability to help you choose the appropriate tree for Redfield, IA. If you are not sure then phone 800-290-0654 as we understand the issues with soil type and soil nutrients, climate, growth rate and other important considerations when choosing tree species, location and correct spacing.
We can recommend the types of trees that will thrive and add value to your property. The wrong tree in Redfield, IA could lead to future problems due to limited growing space, insects, diseases, or poor growth. Trust a certified arborist from Tree Service Guys to guide you in this important decision.
Tree Service Guys are trained and certified arborists, and skilled in tree pruning. More than simply keeping a tree tidy, proper tree pruning will guide a tree’s shape, health, and strength over its life. Tree Pruning here in Redfield, IA varies with species, and age. Our training and years of experience have assured the knowledge to know when to prune and how to prune. We will provide tree pruning services – beginning when your trees are young – to assure tree strength; properly pruned tress will resist damage from wind and ice. We will also prune to assure beautiful shape, safety, and with fruit trees assure the best possible yield each season.
Tree Service Guys’ Tree Trimming services in Redfield, IA assure tree health and safety. Proper tree care is an investment in the life and beauty of your trees. Well-cared-for trees are attractive and can add considerable value to your property. A trained arborist can assure you have well maintained trees, eliminate the unneeded removal of a tree, and reduce significant danger – and significant liability. Trimming trees, particularly large trees, is dangerous work. Tree trimming is best done by a trained and certified arborits equipped to work safely in trees.
Tree Service Guys offers Deep Root Fertilization where the tree fertilizer is pressure injected into the root zone of the tree. For a better understanding of this call us using this number 800-290-0654, in Redfield, IA This is a highly effective and concentrated method to provide tree fertilization and deliver vital and essential nutrients to the soil around the tree.

industry_corpus2: Agriculture & Fisheries


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Crossville’s tile and countertop collections prove to be the ideal surfacing solutions for this West Hollywood lighting showroom. The range of porcelain tile looks play a superb supporting role that lets the illumination have the spotlight.
While some may know Hollywood for the kind of lights that display celebrities’ names, the interior design community knows West Hollywood for the stunning lights offered at the Circa Lighting showroom. Circa Lighting’s West Hollywood location is the west coast’s premier resource for Visual Comfort, Tech Lighting, and Monte Carlo Fans.
Circa’s target audience is comprised of luminaries in the world of interior design. Because of this, the Circa team knows it’s imperative that the West Hollywood showroom always be updated and ready for its close-ups. Discerning interior designers, homeowners, and decision-makers frequently cross the threshold, expecting to be wowed with options and inspired by the ambiance of the space.
The showroom’s most recent remodel was about much more than simply refreshing the interior decor and displays. The extensive renovation encompassed the expansive 4,800+ square foot first floor, as well as the 2,400 square foot mezzanine. The visionaries who planned the update, including Circa’s leadership and designers with Houston-based Rudy Colby of Colby Design, focused on function and fashion from the inside out—not only demolishing existing finishes and walls, but also replacing mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems.
These new approaches for product presentation and customer connections come to life on the backdrop of a completely re-imagined, modern interior design.
No detail was overlooked in achieving the innovative interiors and experience of the showroom. The team focused much attention on the selection of surfacing materials, as these materials have such an impact on the overall feel of spaces for which the lighting is the focal point. To get all the best solutions, the design team turned to Crossville, choosing a curated mix of Crossville tile and porcelain countertop collections for installation throughout the showroom. With Crossville’s simple selection support and reliable product delivery, the Circa team had ready access to a full range of brilliant options for the time-sensitive renovation.
For the first and second floor coffee bars, Crossville’s State of Grace marble-look porcelain countertop collection makes a bold statement for the counters and backsplashes. With gentle stone veining of grays with delicate, subtle touches of black and brown tones, State of Grace is a durable porcelain tile alternative to true marble that offers easy maintenance and eliminates worries of staining and chipping that are common when using the natural stone. Crossville’s porcelain countertop material, fabricated for a 2-inch thick appearance and offered in large slab sizes, was installed with a squared-eased edge for a contemporary style in the traditional look of marble. The backsplash, also in State of Grace, provides seamless beauty that blends from the countertops to the walls and maintains the easy clean-up from potentially staining and etching coffee splashes.
A first-floor main display island countertop also is fabricated with the square-eased edge countertop material that waterfalls to the floor on two sides. The team chose the unpolished finish of State of Grace to help decrease light reflection and showcase the lighting fixtures as the main selling point in the space.
In addition to the main display island, the team constructed two 4-foot by 4-foot lamp station tops and chose Crossville porcelain countertops in the solid white, unpolished Sugar Coat, again with the square-eased edge. The pure white surface allows the lamps on display to truly shine as the focal points.
A unique feature of Circa’s premier West Hollywood location is the second floor lighting lab featuring a built-in cabinet space with recessed lighting options from counter height to ceiling, so customers can easily see the various lighting capabilities. The design team chose the solid white Sugar Coat countertops in an unpolished finish with no backsplash for this area. The clean lines allow customers to fully view the lighting options without any design distractions.
For the restrooms, subway tile in Retro Active 2.0’s Snow Blind color wainscots the walls in a sleek, horizontal soldier-stacked installation. Because Retro Active 2.0 collection is a through-body tile, the team did not have to worry about color issues on the edging and were able to achieve a modern square edge to the wainscoting that offered a chic, industrial look. The crisp white tile on the walls blends with flooring in Ready to Wear’s Flannel Suit, creating a classic, fabric appearance underfoot and rounding out the spaces in dapper style.
Crossville’s prominent role in the story of Circa’s West Hollywood showroom earns rave reviews with staff and clients alike and helps to make the entire experience totally star quality.


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Hello Everyone, I know that you find out which apps are the latest new best video calling on Android. In this list, I explain you about quality, performance, audio quality, video quality etc. And Also best video calling app as you want. So check out this list Top 5 Free Best Video Calling Apps For Android 2017. These apps are capable of any type of your internet speed like 2G,3G, and 4G.
Video calling has formally emerged as mainstream. many of nowadays’s chat apps, which includes apple’s eponymous facetime, consist of video chatting capability. nowadays, chat apps without a few sort of video chatting concept feels like it’s falling at the back of. in case you want to hang around face-to-face together with your friends, right here are the fine video calling apps for android.
We stay in a global wherein you may nearly right away see any man or woman face-to-face with a few faucets on your smartphone. video calling won’t be as popular as it’s depicted in sci-fi films, but it’s nevertheless a completely valuable shape of conversation. human beings have been making video calls over the net before smartphones got here around, but the generation is 1,000,000 times better nowadays. there’s never been a better time to hop onboard. permit’s check the great Android apps for video calling.
So I don’t waste your time and here is Top 5 Free Best Video Calling Apps For Android 2017.
JioChat is Indian Social Android App Develop By Reliance Jio Messaging Services Pvt Ltd. Experience enhanced messaging, high-quality voice & video conferencing. Express yourself in a fun way with instant video, stickers, doodle, and emoticons. Follow top brand Channels to stay updated and enjoy bite-sized video stories on Explore.
IMO Free Video Calling and chatting apps for Android & iOS Smartphone Users. IMO Provides HD Hq Video Calls, Text Messages, Stickers Messages, Voice Calls etc.
Google duo is Best Free Video Calling for smartphones and Duo recently Launch By Google Inc. Duo Provide High Quality & High Definition Video Calling Facility with a simple interface.
Justalk is a video calling and group calls app for anyone – easy, dependable, at ease and amusing, so that you in no way pass over a moment. affords high pleasant voice & video, doodle, share pix, and play games together, group voice chat etc.
So you have come to know that there are such apps which one can give you better video calling facility. I hope that Top 5 Free Best Video Calling Apps For Android 2017 will prove to be a better article for you.


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Hantke, Steffen. “Military Science Fiction Film”. Video Lecture. A Virtual Introduction to Science Fiction. Ed. Lars Schmeink.
Hantke, Steffen. “Military Science Fiction Film”. A Virtual Introduction to Science Fiction. Ed. Lars Schmeink.
Hantke, Steffen and Lars Schmeink. “Military Science Fiction Film”. Web Page. A Virtual Introduction to Science Fiction. Ed. Lars Schmeink. Web.


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Three packs of Mighty Leaf, delicious handcrafted tea blends from around the world.
A natural emulsifier that allows liquids to transform into foam, making your sauces light, voluminous, and incredibly flavorful.
A natural liquid Vitamin B-12 supplement helping to combat chronic fatigue, regulate metabolic pathways, and maintain the central nervous system.
Truvia® natural sweetener is the first natural, great-tasting, zero-calorie sweetener born from the leaves of the stevia plant. Try it in coffee and tea, sprinkle it on fruit, yogurt and cereal and add it to anything that needs a little sweetness.
A movement practice that draws from martial arts, dance arts, and healing arts. Nia has created a customized class for KLUTCHclub members and their guests this month, worth over $50!
A healthy vegetable oil low in saturated fat, and rich in Vitamin E and Omega 3 and 6.
This makeup contains four ingredients and is 100% all natural, allowing your skin breathe in hot summer months. Included is a $15 gift certificate with no purchase restrictions!
Gourmet shortbread cookies made with just four natural ingredients. This 100-year old recipe comes from France and can be the perfect, delicious finish to a summer party.
At 60-80 calories per can, Cascal is a great substitute for sugary soda. This natural soft drink is crafted with natural juices and fermented for fuller flavor.
You can subscribe to KLUTCH for as low as $16.00 a month and guess what? They are about to release KLUTCHmen!

industry_corpus2: Hospitality & Catering


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We conduct price reviews for all Victorian water businesses. We also monitor the performance of each business, and conduct reviews and inquiries that promote the long-term interests of water consumers.
View information on prices for certain water services, maximum annual water tariffs and special drainage area prices.
We regulate Victorian water businesses through a combination of water price reviews, codes, guidelines and performance monitoring.
Access codes and guidelines that impose certain obligations on regulated Victorian water businesses.
Read the resources we produce on water sector performance and reporting.
View research and findings that promote the long-term interests of water consumers.
Learn about your rights as a water consumer.
We surveyed water customers across 16 state-owned urban and regional water corporations on four key areas: value for money, reputation in the community, level of trust and overall satisfaction.
We have three customer service codes: two for urban water businesses, and another for rural ones. These codes specify the standards and conditions that water businesses must comply with when they provide water or wastewater services to customers.
Our annual performance report aims to inform Victorian customers about the performance of their water business.
We have released the results of an independent review of our water pricing framework, PREMO, and how well it is delivering on its objectives.

industry_corpus2: Water Resources & Marine


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SAB DI A. VALENTE S.A.S.
Il Casale 4-room house 110 m2 on 2 levels on the ground floor rustic and cosy furnishings: living/dining room with open fireplace and satellite-TV. Exit to the patio.


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Patellofemoral pain is a common cause of pain around the front of the knee. It usually gets better with simple treatments such as physiotherapy and exercises. You may need to adjust your training programme if you do a lot of sport.
Patellofemoral pain is the medical term used when pain occurs at the front of the knee, around the patella (kneecap), without signs of any damage or other problems in the knee joint.
It is also called patellofemoral pain syndrome or patellofemoral syndrome.
The patella is the kneecap bone. It lies within the quadriceps tendon. This large tendon from the powerful thigh muscles (quadriceps) wraps round the patella and inserts into the top of the lower leg bone (tibia). The quadriceps muscles straighten the leg. The patella acts like a fulcrum to increase the force of the quadriceps muscle.
The back of the patella is covered with smooth cartilage. This helps the patella to glide over the lower part of the thigh bone (femur) when you straighten your leg.
It is probably due to a combination of different factors which put extra strain on the knee joint and on the surrounding muscles and ligaments.
Overuse of the knee, such as in certain sports - particularly at times of increased training.
Some people may have a slight problem in the alignment of the knee. This may cause the patella to rub on rather than glide over the lower femur. It may be due to the way the knee has developed. Or, it may be due to an imbalance in the muscles around the knee - for example, the large quadriceps muscle above the knee. If one side of the quadriceps muscles pulls harder than the other side, then the patella may not glide 'true' and may rub on one side.
A combination of an alignment problem (as above) and overuse with sports, may be the commonest reason for getting patellofemoral pain.
Foot problems can play a part. For example, where the feet do not have strong arches ('flat feet'). This makes the foot roll inwards ('pronate'), which means the knee has to compensate for the inward movement. Also, shoes where the soles are hard rather than springy, put more strain on the knee.
Injury to the knee - including repeated small injuries or stresses due to sports, or due to slack ligaments ('hypermobile' joints).
Reduced muscle strength in the leg can contribute, as the leg muscles will be less able to absorb stresses on the knee.
Almost anyone - it can occur in children from about age five onwards, and in adults. It is a common cause of knee pain.
Pain around the knee. The pain is felt at the front of the knee, around or behind the knee cap. Often, the exact site of the pain cannot be pinpointed; instead the pain is felt vaguely at the front of the knee.
The pain comes and goes. It is typically worse when going up or down stairs or with certain sports. Also, it may be brought on by sitting still for long periods. For example, after going to the cinema or a long drive.
There may be a grating or grinding feeling or noise when the knee moves. This is called 'crepitus'.
Sometimes there is fullness or swelling around the patella.
How is patellofemoral pain diagnosed?
The diagnosis is made from your symptoms, the history of the problem, plus a doctor's examination.
Tests such as X-rays or scans cannot diagnose patellofemoral pain and are not helpful - though they may sometimes be used to look for other conditions.
What is the treatment for patellofemoral pain?
Avoid strenuous use of the knee - until the pain eases. Symptoms usually improve in time if the knee is not over used. Aim to keep fit, but to reduce the activities which cause the pain.
Painkillers - paracetamol and/or anti-inflammatory painkillers such as ibuprofen. Anti-inflammatory painkillers are often helpful for this type of pain.
Physiotherapy - improving the strength of the muscles around the knee will ease the stress on the knee. Also, specific exercises may help correct problems with alignment and muscle balance around the knee. For example, you may be taught to do exercises which strengthen the inner side of the quadriceps muscle. You may also be taught exercises to stretch tight ligaments. The physiotherapist can give advice tailored to your individual situation.
Suitable footwear - for example, arch supports if you have 'flat feet'; suitable shoes if you are running; springy soles which reduce strain when walking.
Taping of the patella - is a treatment which may reduce pain. This is where adhesive tape is applied over the patella, to alter the alignment or the way the patella moves. Some people find this helpful. Some physiotherapists can offer patellar taping treatment.
A special brace is another option which may help reduce pain.
Surgery is not often used for patellofemoral pain. However, it may be helpful in certain situations. For example, to correct the alignment of the patella by releasing a tight ligament.
The outlook is good. Most people get better with simple treatments such as physiotherapy. However, it may take 4-6 months for full recovery, and meanwhile you may need to reduce activities such as sports training.
Labotz M. Patellofemoral syndrome. The physician and sportsmedicine July 2004.
Potter, JP. Patellofemoral syndrome. emedicine, updated March 2006.


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What I was looking for was sending the message to ALL.
I would them in the message text past the appropriate user phrase (F key -->x, where x is the user phrase.
TX Beacon: Method is Auto, Initial Interval is 1 minute.
network instead of a spaceborne digipeater.
press BCON again to reenable the HT's beacon.
being retransmitted by the spaceborne digipeater.
shown or stored on the HT - just the call sign.
> first CQ out to whoever is listening?


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We at Mist Auto Wash aim to be one of the efficient mobile car wash providers in the region to offer a superior new technology with top notch quality: an automobile steam-cleaning system. Using only high-velocity steam vapor and no chemical detergents, our system provides the same speed and convenience of a hand-based car wash but with better results and without the risk of damaging your paintjob or engine parts. The availability of mobile steam units means that we can offer premium services direct to your location.
The steam-cleaning technology provides a quick and powerful clean without damaging the exterior surface of the car. The high-pressure steam can remove all dirt and grime with practically no human effort, as well as remove waxy or tarry residue from chrome, moldings and bumpers. Steam cleaning uses only the power of superheated water and thus leaves no toxic residues behind. Such residues from traditional methods are harmful to the environment and are harmful to carsas they can cause streaking. Since there are no harmful chemicals involved in steam cleaning, there is no need to deal with wastewater and you can be sure your car will be squeaky clean with no unwanted streaks!
Visit our Why Mist? Section to learn more about why your next car wash should be with us!

industry_corpus2: Automobiles


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The HR 31 is a true Hallberg-Rassy, with the same high level of quality and elegance as her larger sisters. Designed by Germán Frers, the Hallberg-Rassy 31 has excellent sailing characteristics. The boat is well balanced, and gently moves through the water, pointing and going to weather like no other 31 foot performance cruiser. She is easily single handed, as all lines are lead aft to the cockpit. Jumping Jewel"is in very good condition and equipped with electric winches, heating, boiler, Raytheon navaids etc. A modern, safe cruiser that gives its owner great satisfaction.
GRP sailing yacht, built in 2000 by Hallberg Rassy Varv, Sweden, designed by German Frers, dim: 9,62 x (lwl 7,69) x 3,30 x 1,71m., headway approx. 14,90m., built under supervision of Lloyds, CE-A - Unlimited ocean voyages, GRP hull, superstructure and deck, teakdeck, perspex windows in aluminium framing, round bilged hull, fin keel, balanced spade rudder, displacement: 4,5 tonnes, ballast: 2 tonnes (lead), dieseltank: 60 ltrs (s.s.), fresh water tank: 190 ltrs. (s.s.), sumptank: 50 ltrs (s.s.), tiller steering.
Classic mahogany interior, 2 cabins and saloon, 4(+2) berths, headroom approx. 1.88m., manual u.w. toilet, shower, galley with Optimus two burner gasstove with oven, electric waterpressure system, footpump, boyler hot water system (engine + 220v), Isotherm 12v fridge, Webasto Airtop heating.
Volvo Penta 2020 19hp (14kW) diesel engine, engine installed in 2000, Volvo Penta Saildrive 120S, intercooling system, mechanical gearbox, two bladed propeller, cruising speed approx. 6 knots, consumtpion approx. 1,5 ltrs/hr, 12v/220v electrical system, 4 batteries, 25amp automatic battery charger, shore power.
Silva compass, Raytheon ST60 Tridata log and echosounder, Garmin 128 GPS, Raytheon ST4000 autopilot, Pioneer radio/cd player.
Sprayhood with fixed windscreen, cockpit table, deckshower, Lewmar electric windlass (up/down), CQR anchor with chain, bathing platform, boarding ladder, fenders, warps, fire extinguisher, etc.
Fractional-rigged, Seldén aluminium mast, 2 Elvstrom sails: full battened main / Bi-Radiaal offshore Genoa with uv protection strip, 2 x Lewmar electric 40ST sheetwinches, 1 x 16ST halyardwinche. The halyards and the reefing lines are lead into the cockpit through. The reefing is made with a single line reefing system.

industry_corpus2: Manufacturing


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Liesle & I stopped by Epcot’s Flower & Garden Festival, and I decided to post my very first vlog episode on YouTube documenting our quick visit, which includes some advice for the folks running the Mexico kiosk.
Who’s ready for the Epcot International Festival of the Arts?!!
One my goals in creating RideMax is to help *you* be better prepared for a trip to Disneyland or Walt Disney World than I was, as I’ve learned that the line between an *enjoyable* visit and a semi-miserable one can be fairly thin — and a little preparation can make all the difference between the two.
I’ve noted before that RideMax plans include some important tips to help you navigate the park, and sometimes these tips are critical to a successful plan (like if your RideMax plan has you visiting the Seven Dwarfs Mine Train first thing in the morning).
Sometimes though, the space for those tips in your RideMax plan just isn’t large enough to cover a given topic, and that’s where this blog comes in handy. It’s certainly the case with the Epcot International Festival of the Arts. The Festival is new this year, and just opened today, running Fridays through Mondays, from today through February 20th.
My goal here is to give you a quick overview of the festival so you’ll know what to expect, and to help you decide if you want to include the festival as part of your visit. I’ll also provide here a list of the unique food items available especially for the festival, complete with full menus and prices. I haven’t sampled all of the menu items, but will give a brief review of those that I have tried, along with pictures of several that I haven’t.
Epcot’s Food & Wine Festival kicked off yesterday, so of course Liesle and I had to stop by and check it out.
I was out at Disneyland in late June and earlier in July, and missed the opening day for the new Frozen Ever After ride at Epcot. I had the chance to visit the ride at rope drop earlier this week, and as a result of closely watching how Disney runs the opening procedure, we’ve updated the arrival advice shown on RideMax plans for those who are visiting Epcot first thing in the morning on non-EMH days.
We’ve also added a new tip to Epcot RideMax plans which gives very specific advice on how to navigate yourself to the new Frozen Ever After ride at rope drop, should you be following a RideMax plan which has you visiting that ride as soon as the park opens. You should see both the updated arrival advice and the new Frozen tip by just refreshing the RideMax plan in your web browser or on your mobile device.
Note that we’ve also made some adjustments to our wait time estimates for Frozen Ever After, so if you have a RideMax plan which includes this attraction, we recommend creating a new plan (which will pick up the new estimates) before you visit the park.

industry_corpus2: Travel & Geography