text:
Ayurveda is a popular Indian system of medicine, practiced in the Indian subcontinent in various forms for thousands of years. Ayurveda offers solutions for various medical ailments. Constipation is a common medical problem, humankind is suffering from for centuries and Ayurveda offers good remedies for constipation. Constipation causes a lot of suffering and sometimes constipation may be symptom of a serious underlying medical disorder.
Made of three ingredients, hence names triphala (tri means three, pronounced as tree; phala means fruits). Triphala powder is made of amla or Indian gooseberry, Haritaki (Chebulic Myrobalan) and Vibhitaki (Bellirica Myrobalan) in dried powder form. Triphala powder is an excellent laxative. It is also very good for digestion and bowel movement. Triphala powder is being used in India for thousands of years as a remedy for numerous ailments, from constipation to nutritional supplementations. Amla or Indian gooseberry is the richest natural source of vitamin C. All the three fruits used for making triphala powder are rich in vitamins, minerals and fiber. If you suffer from constipation, take a teaspoonful of triphala powder with a glass of water or you can take it with honey for relieving constipation. The result may sometime surprise you. triphala powder is made of all natural ingredients and it is not habit forming, unlike chemical laxatives, which may lead to laxative abuse.
Lemon juice is commonly used remedy for constipation in Ayurveda. Take a glass of warm water with a teaspoonful of lemon juice and a little salt first thing in the morning and forget constipation. The preparation is an excellent cleansing agent for intestines.
Flax seeds are rich in fiber content. Take a handful of flax seeds with a glass of warm water in the morning on empty stomach or add a handful of flax seeds with your regular cereals/grains to get relief from constipation.
Raisins have good fiber content and good natural laxative content. Soak a handful of raisins for few hours or soak them overnight and take with a glass of warm water first thing in the morning to relive constipation. This is good for pregnant women too, as raisins do not have any side effects. Raisins should be avoided by pregnant women with diabetes, as raisins contain high sugar content.
Make fine powder with various seeds such as flax seeds, sunflower seeds, almonds and various other oil seeds. Take a tablespoonful of the mix powder along with vegetable salad or along with cereals a week or two to get relief from constipation.
Who are at Risk of Constipation?

industry_corpus2: Health & Medicine


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Popularity - 1,493 views, 3.9 views per day, 383 days on eBay. Super high amount of views. 24 sold, 4 available.
1,493 views, 3.9 views per day, 383 days on eBay. Super high amount of views. 24 sold, 4 available.
Seller - 5,801+ items sold. 0% negative feedback. Top-Rated Seller! Ships on time with tracking, 0 problems with past sales.
5,801+ items sold. 0% negative feedback. Top-Rated Seller! Ships on time with tracking, 0 problems with past sales.
Star Wars The Last Jedi 3D (Blu-ray 2D/3D, 3-discs) BRAND NEW!!
POP! Star Wars - EP. VIII The Last Jedi #198 Porg Giant 10"
New Disney Parks Exclusive Star Wars Rey Lightsaber (the last Jedi) With Stand!

industry_corpus2: Film & Entertainment


text:
In this gorgeously photo-illustrated nonfiction picture book, celebrated author April Pulley Sayre sheds new light on the wonders of rain, from the beauty of a raindrop balanced on a leaf to the amazing, never-ending water cycle that keeps our planet in perfect ecological balance.
April Pulley Sayre is an award-winning author of more than fifty-five natural history books for children and adults, including?Raindrops Roll;?Best in Snow;?Full of Fall;?Rah, Rah, Radishes!;?Go, Go, Grapes!;?Let’s Go Nuts!; Warbler Wave; and Bloom Boom!?April and her husband, native plants expert Jeff Sayre, love science and adventure. Visit her at AprilSayre.com.

industry_corpus2: Literature & Emotions


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The chemical formula for Ferrochrome is FeCr.
Ferrochrome is manufactured by conducting carbothermic reduction of iron magnesium chromium oxide under high temperatures. Iron-chromium alloy is produced by the reduction of Chromium Ore by the application of coal and coke. This reduction process requires heat which comes from the electric arc of the furnace. The arc is able to create temperatures around 2800 °C. A great amount of electricity is consumed while producing such intense heat which makes this a very costly process.
Ferrochrome is collected from the furnace at regular intervals. Once a considerable amount of the iron-chromium alloy is produced in the furnace, the slag and the molten metal is extracted from the tap hole which passes through a trough and is collected on a ladle or chill. The molten ferrochrome is then solidified in large castings and then processed further.
Ferrochrome can be of two types based on the amount of carbon it has; low carbon Ferrochrome and high carbon Ferrochrome.
Most of the Ferrochrome in the world market comes now from places like South Africa, Kazakhstan, India and Turkey. In these counties, the substance is produced in specialized Ferrochrome plants.
Atomic Mass: The atomic mass for this alloy is 52.0.
Density: The apparent density for this compound is 7.15 g/cm3.
Melting Point: The melting point for this substance is 1900 °C.
Boiling Point: The boiling point for this alloy is 2642 °C.
Appearance: Ferrochrome is available in a variety of forms, including small crystals, lumps and granules as well as in powder form.
Color: The color varies from dark gray to light gray.
Odor: Odorless; can be dangerous when inhaled.
Solubility: The alloy is not soluble in water.
Combustibility: The dust particles of this chemical alloy are combustible.
Most of the ferrochrome produced worldwide is used in manufacturing stainless steel. The chromium content present in stainless steel provides resistance to corrosion as well as gives stainless steel its customary appearance. Around 18% of chrome is used in per unit content of stainless steel.
Ferrochrome is also used when more chromium is needed to be added to carbon steel.
High carbon ferrochrome is used in the manufacturing of ball-bearing steels, tool steels as well as other alloy steels.
Apart from making stainless steel, low carbon ferrochrome is also used in the manufacturing of acid-resistant steels.
High nitrogen ferrochrome is created by adding 0.75% of nitrogen to the different grades of ferrochrome. This nitrogen-rich alloy is used for manufacturing high-chromium cast steels having a coarse crystalline structure. The nitrogen content produces refined grains and adds strength to the finished product.
Foundry-grade ferrochrome containing around 62-66% chromium and almost 5% carbon is used for producing cast irons.
Ferrochrome powder is used in the field of powder metallurgy.
Ferrochrome slag is a chemically stable substance. It is used in road construction and civil engineering as well as in the production of refractory materials.
Ferrochrome is used in the production of Ferrochrome lignosulfonate. Ferrochrome lignosulfonate is used in various water-based systems to control flow of materials at high levels of temperature as well as to reduce the ill effects of mud and clay contamination. Ferrochrome lignosulfonate operates well in gypsum, fresh water, lime and salt water fluids.
Ferrochrome dust is used in the leather tanning industry.
While dealing with this alloy, care should be taken to protect the eyes from getting in contact with this material or accidentally inhaling or ingesting it. Under certain conditions, this material can also catch fire. Hence adequate protective measures are needed to be followed to avoid such mishaps. The probable dangers posed by this alloy and the protective measures that are needed to be followed are discussed below in details.
Skin: It can cause irritation to the skin.
Eyes: Contact with the eyes causes swelling and redness.
Inhalation: Inhaling this chemical compound might result in coughing and irritation of the respiratory tract.
Ingestion: Accidental ingestion can cause irritation to the mouth.
Eyes: In case of an eye exposure, the eyes should be washed with plenty of water for several minutes. A doctor should be consulted after that.
Skin: In case of a skin contact, the infected skin areas should be rinsed with water for several minutes; a dermatologist should be consulted immediately. The contaminated clothing should be removed immediately and the clothes and shoes should be washed properly before being reused.
Ingestion: In case of ingestion, the victim’s mouth should be rinsed properly with water and then proper medical treatment should be carried out.
Inhalation: The victim should be immediately removed to an area of fresh air. Artificial respiration and oxygen should be employed if needed. To ensure the victim’s safety, further medical help should be administered.
P2 filter respirators are required for respiratory protection from harmful particles.
Safety goggles or protective eyewear approved by OSHA is needed for the protection of eyes.
Protective gloves and clothing is to be used to avoid skin exposure.
Smoking, drinking or eating near the storage facilities is strictly prohibited as this can lead to fire hazards or accidental ingestion.
The chemical spills should be cleaned up immediately and the spilled materials should be stored in suitable containers. It is better to moisten the spills as this will prevent dusting. Dispersion and spreading of the alloy dust should be avoided. Installation of proper ventilation is required at the storage section.
Dust particles of Ferrochrome can explode and combust. It is thus advised not to have any open flames near Ferrochrome powder. Spreading of dust also needs to be prohibited. While handling this chemical substance, ignition-proof electrical equipment needs to be used.
Ferrochrome can be bought from chemical suppliers all over the world online or otherwise in the form of granules, dust particles and lumps. Ferrochrome wires can also be bought from such suppliers. The price of ferrochrome may vary among the various producers and suppliers of this alloy. Generally, buying a minimum quantity of dust particles or granules is considered mandatory. Average price of Ferrochrome dust per metric ton is around $850 to $900.
Ferrochrome is a valuable alloy without which the production of stainless steel would be impossible. It is also used for several industrial and well as non-industrial purposes.

industry_corpus2: Manufacturing


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John Hinderaker at Powerline has a good piece lambasting those scurrilous people who maintain that if you support the Tea Party movement, you are a racist. He mentions that there is the same amount of evidence that TPers are racists as there is that those who make the baseless charge are themselves child molesters.
If you think about it, those who allege racism are homo sapiens, just like child molesters. And they are also likely to deny that they are child molesters, just like real child molesters do. Why the more I think about it, there are unlimited similarities between those who make false charges and child molesters.
How dare these child molesters impugn the good and decent folks of the Tea Party.
In a way, Democrats had to pass it, even knowing that it greatly endangered their House (and for all we know, Senate) majorities; if they looked at their own proposal and concluded it more harm than good, why on earth would the country need them?
Although many promises had been made that there would be a jump in approval ratings after the bill was enacted, because the people would finally get to see what was in it, just the opposite has happened. Whether there are just general misrepresentations of its benefits, or the fact that Congress cut itself off of all healthcare in their deliberate and careful approach to writing the bill, people are not happy. And that's without even answering the question of its Constitutionality.
But what if this is all there is? Do the Democrats honestly believe that the public are going to reward them with accolades? If so, I want some of those drugs that the so-called "reality people" are taking.
And we still have three more years before the benefits kick in.
One should always try to think of the question not asked, and then ask why it wasn't. The question in this article is one of those. Why are there no glaciers in the Bob Marshall and Missions, nor are there proportional glaciers north of Glacier Park?
If the glaciers in the Park are the last remnant of the last Ice Age, isn't it more interesting that any glaciers remain rather than that they are disappearing?
Could Someone Please . . .
Show me an example of where people in positions of authority are actually urging violence or sedition by the Tea Party? Not counting lunatics like Joel Klein, Frank Rich, or today on CNN where Gov. Granholm is claiming that certain speech is out of bounds. Can you show me any unambiguous call for violence? Not Palin's urge to "reload" because if that was all it took, I am sure that someone responsible would have objected to calls for Bush's assassination, or Cheney dieing of a heart attack.
If on the other hand, this is just a cynical effort to squelch legitimate public discourse, well then, you can just go to hell.
Five years ago, it all started with this. What a long strange trip it's been..
Doug Schoen has a piece where he tells the Democrats how they can save their bacon in November. Since the anticipated "bump" from the passage of Health Care Reform (or is it Health Insurance Reform?) never materialized, Democrats have to be standing around wondering what happened. Especially after they felt so confident, they were predicting 40 years of Democrat dominance.
So, what actually did happen? I will propose a few suggestions, confident that Democrats will never actually consider them, since they seem to lack the intellectual ability to examine an issue dispassionately.
First, Democrats, especially liberals (read Left, since some people who claim to be liberal are anything but) are really a minority. They are outnumbered two to one by self proclaimed conservatives.The Democrats were also very successful in painting Republicans with a very negative brush, resulting in Conrand Burns losing his seat to Tester as an example. The problem here is that the Democrats are not more honorable or moral than the Republicans. Remember Nancy Pelosi was going to drain the swamp, except of course for Charles Rangel, John Murtha, Morin, and so many others. In fact, the Democrat leadership has done yeoman's work in protecting these people rather than rooting out corruption.
Next, in 2008 the Democrats ran on the platform that they weren't Bush, just like in 1976, when they ran as not being Nixon. You can run against someone only so far, As it is now, the electorate is about evenly split between Obama and Bush as to who they would prefer. Also in 2008, Obama ran on the solid platform of "Hope and Change." It wasn't really his fault, but he did exploit the ambiguity of the mantra because everyone could project just what they thought they wanted onto Obama. The downside is that Obama could never meet their expectations after he was elected. Although the evidence seems to be that he never intended to do anything but to repay his Democrat allies in the auto industry and financial industry.
Then, believing their own propaganda, (I am wondering if Bill Clinton isn't deliberately trying to sabotage Obama by declaring an improvement in public opinion after the bills passage) led them to ram through a massive social program that the public was opposed to. Nancy Pelosi claimed that all would be better when the public got to see the bill, but just the opposite happened. A good part of their problem is that to even pretend it's fiscally solvent, they had to defer benefits for three years. And in the process, because they rushed the bill through, in spite of all of these promises, they managed to cut themselves out of any health care until 2013. The irony alone is delicious, but as a metaphor for being too complex, it is without equal.
Then, just to top it all off, the Tea Party arose, and the Democrats got it completely wrong. First they claimed it was astro-turf, mostly because they are very familiar with astro-turf counters to anything that Bush did. Since Soros paid for all of their projects, they assumed that there must be someone on the Republican side who was being the yin to Soros' yang. Except there isn't anyone. Next, the Democrats through their state controlled media tried to denigrate the Tea Party by asking where the leaders are, or what is the message. They fail to grasp that this is a completely self organizing group who are angry with the direction of the country. Then, the schtick is that the TPers are just ignorant rubes and hicks. Which was shown to be false by the NYT But still they persist in trying to denigrate and diminish TPers. Some do it by falsely accusing them of racism, a most despicable tactic, because it minimizes actual racists. And once the truth came out that the TPers were actually better educated and older, the new spin is that they are just spoiled elitists.
I am sure though, that the Democrats are particularly frustrated by the fact that the usual tactics of social control that they have used these many years are not working. How dare these people publicly disagree with their supposed betters. Except they do.
Finally, I would offer this bit of solace to the Democrats - if the Republicans fail to act in a fiscally responsible manner, they won't be in officer for very long either.
In honor of Tea Parties across the country, a reminder of our first Libertarians.
Of course, they did turn violent and shot at people later.
Just wrote the check for $10k to pay for the taxes and the quarterlies, and that hurts. Sure, my wife (The Good Democrat) did a land office business in helping people get on disability, so we reaped the rewards for her hard work. But with the check that was written, I also had to wonder, did our accountant get every tax exemption that we were entitled to?
In fact, can any of us who use anything other than the 1040EZ actually be certain that we paid what we were supposed to, and not more or less? And if we did use an accountant, how sure are you that you won't invite an audit? Apparently, Money magazine sent out a sample tax return and asked several different accountants and tax attorneys and none of them did it right.
The problem is made worse if you are upper middle class because you don't know for sure that you are in full compliance, while the uber-wealthy can simply make the appropriate contribution to Rep. Charley Rangel and know that their problems are taken care of. The tax code ceased to be an instrument for raising revenue, and is now used as a method of social control. Regulating behavior that we don't like, and encouraging behavior that we want. Of course, like everything that the government does, the actual results never match up against the success of the law of unintended consequences.
From a business show: Congress is the only entity that when given an unlimited budget, can still exceed it.
For the most part, I find "Birthers" tiresome. Their claim is that Obama is not a legal native born American and without that he is ineligible to serve. While I recognize there is always going to be a question of validity, since the Democrats seem willing to break any rule they can get away with, that doesn't necessarily mean that they are cheating this time.
But now, we have a LTC who is claiming that Obama is not his Commander in Chief, and is therefore refusing to follow orders. While I disagree with him, I can appreciate his reasoning. But one thing that I forgot, was that the Obama campaign demanded proof of McCain's birth certificate to show that he was eligible since he was born in the Canal Zone. Would be kind of fun to remind Obama, Goose meet Gander.
Government spending is spinning out of control. Yeah, I know, you are probably thinking what else is new. But one of the key problems with government spending is the explosive growth in wages of government employees.An example from the Cato institute shows that federal workers are making more than double the average for the private sector.
Montana public sector employees average $60,435 in average total compensation which is still more than the average earned by non-government workers. So how did this imbalance come to pass? It used to be that government workers were compensated less but had more job stability. Some of the benefits of course were paid health care, but more than anything else, it was a retirement package that is pretty darned good.
The unfortunate thing about this is that the accumulation of retirement obligations by the government have to be met by the taxpayer. And it doesn't take long before the obligations get so far out of hand that the rest of the state budget is put in peril.
As a state employee, I am going to make a recommendation that appears to be against my own interests but the alternative is having the state go bankrupt, which is an even bigger harm to my interest. But I think we have to do two things. First, freeze government wages until the average government worker is paid the same as the average private sector worker. Second, we are going to have to change the way that the annual adjustment to retirement compensation is made. My proposal is to give 100% of the CPI cost of living the first year, followed by 95% the second, and 90% the second and so on reducing the annual adjustment by 5% per year, The net effect is that after 20 years, there will be no adjustment for inflation, but there will probably be less need as well when the retiree is 80 or older.
Putting a pay freeze is not going to be very popular when inflation starts to take off. But the good news is that with inflation, it won't take that long for the state worker wage to come into line with the private sector pay. As a flip side to this, the government would have to make a commitment not to let anyone go, except for job performance problems. Some workers may feel that they could be better served to leave government service and make their way in the private sector. And I salute them.
If we do not take steps now, there won't be any retirement for anyone. We have to recognize that state spending is a liability that has to be paid, but the workers have to recognize that killing the goose that laid the golden egg isn't going to work either.
As was noted in the Corner of National Review OnLine, and elaborated even further for its falsity at BigGovernment the whole controversy over supposed "racist" Tea Partiers is a complete and utter sham. Throw in the Rev. (ha!) Sharpton claiming to have actually seen video of the use of the N word, and then backtracking when caught in such a lie is even more evidence of their desperation. These outrageous and false accusations are a made up tempest designed to marginalize concerned citizens.
It's clear that making an accusation of someone using such a disgusting word, that the burden immediately is shifted to the accused to prove that it didn't happen. And because proving a negative is impossible, the accuser can get away scot free. Well, not anymore.
The next question has to be, why do these people stoop to such despicable tactics? In part, it's because they fear those in the Tea Party movement. Not from any actual violence, but because the Tea Partiers are no longer to be herded like the cattle they are considered to be by their accusers. They are standing up to the tyranny of the minority that claims the mantle of moral superiority even though that mantle is undeserved. In fact, not just undeserved, it has been stolen.
There is greater similarity between the Tea Partiers and the Civil Rights movement and the reactionaries like Bull Conner and the Al Sharptons in this world than people are willing to admit. The only difference is that Bull Conner wielded the "N" word as a coercive tactic to remind African Americans of their proper place (at the back of the bus, or not at the lunch counter) and Rep. Cleaver who wants to remind the Tea Partiers of their place (shut up and pay your taxes and do as we say).
Oh yeah, one other similarity between Bull Conner and those who falsely allege racism on the part of the Tea Party: They're both Democrats.
What Are The Limits On Power?
Neil Cavuto is interviewing the blogger who got Cong. Hare to admit that he didn't care, and obviously doesn't know about the Constitution.
While the Congresscritter's sentiments may be altruistic, they are not based on any understanding of the concept of limited and enumerated powers. Which begs the question: Under the concept of ObamaCare, what powers are not given to the federal government? Is there nothing that is beyond the pale for them to control, regulate, tax, ban or demand?
I ask the question, what the government cannot do, since it seems to be more constrained than asking what the government can do.
Where will it end? Can it ever end?

industry_corpus2: Politics & Administration


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Recently, I’ve become slightly bored, slightly bugged with OS X. Nothing much wrong with OS X, just that I tend to do most of my work on Linux, and switching context back to the Mac takes brain cycles. Even though nearly everything works the same, there are minor, but painful differences. How you copy and paste text to and from Terminal / iTerm, gVim behavior, virtual desktop switching – minor things but very irritating and distracting at times. There are three main computers I use – my desktops at home and lab and my Powerbook and finally, all three run Fedora.
I’ve got the linux-ppc urge for quite some while now, I guess the last straw was the Apple battery recall fiasco, my Powerbook, after nearly a month of turning in the battery is still battery-less and therefore nearly use-less. So I didn’t have much to lose by experimenting. And I came across this post after which I decided to take the plunge.
Just in case you’re planning to try this out on your G4/G5 based Mac – these computers have a different architecture called powerpc or ppc, and aren’t as well-supported for Linux as the x86 architectures of AMD or Intel processors.
There are a number of resources online for installing Ubuntu on ppc architectures, but relatively few for Fedora. I was initially tempted to go for Ubuntu because of this but I really prefer Fedora. No harm in trying (we Linux folks are supposed to do that aren’t we?) and I could always reinstall Ubuntu if Fedora didn’t work out. Like I said, my Powerbook without a battery was just a toy to play with.
My original configuration was a single partition containing my entire Mac OS X partition. I wanted to make a dual-boot system (didn’t know how well Linux would work out and OS X is useful for PowerPoint). There are a number of paid utilities and some free/shareware ones to resize an existing hard drive but I didn’t find anything that I could trust. I figured after more than 18 months my Powerbook could use a OS X reinstall anyway, and so I backed up my data and reinstalled Mac OS X, leaving about 15 GB in free space on my disk for Linux.
I burned myself a FC5 ppc DVD and set to work. To boot from CD, you need to restart your mac and hold the ‘C’ key while starting up. First hitch: touchpad didn’t work in the graphical installer for some reason (it started working just fine after installation – on it’s own). I plugged in a USB mouse which worked fine. For partitioning, I chose to manually partition. The first thing you need to create for a Powerbook is an Apple bootstrap partition, of size exactly 1 MB (any larger and the installer will complain). Following this, you can create the usual partitions – I created swap, root and home partitions. The rest of the partition went smoothly. I foolishly unchecked the eth0 wired-LAN connection that FC5 detected (don’t do this). On my Powerbook, the system clock is set to UTC and timezone is offset, so I checked that.
Wired LAN is detected in Fedora by default. I had mistakenly unchecked the device during install, I got it back running the neat command. Then, I plugged in an ethernet cable and did an ifup eth0 to breathe the fresh air of the Net.
Run: system-config-network, click on add device, and choose the Broadcom Wireless LAN device and your desired settings, and activate.
Fedora detected the sound card. To get it working though I had to load the snd-powermac module by running: modprobe snd-powermac every startup. And somehow, putting this in modprobe.conf etc. did not work. Finally what worked was adding /sbin/modprobe snd_powermac to the file /etc/sysconfig/modules/udev-stw.modules. Note the underscore in the latter addition as opposed to the hyphen that I was using earlier. I don’t really understand this, and for another guy I spoke to at #fedora-ppc the hyphen was what worked. Anyway, this got the sound module auto-loaded at startup.
One more thing – sound is muted by default. I needed to run alsamixer at the prompt and “mute” a volume bar called “auto-mute” (don’t ask me) before sound would work. Also, the volume control is strange, it needs to be set to at least 75% for me to hear anything.
So far this version of Java has been quite stable, running fine on my internet banking site and running applications such as JabRef.
After doing yum install apmud closing the lid suspends to RAM. However, this doesn’t work in KDE for me (yet).
External monitor support, remapping F1-F5 keys, hibernate. I’ll update this post if I try out any of these. If you’ve had experience with these, do leave a comment.
The bottom line is that I’m quite impressed. I expected to face a lot more problems getting a workable system on linux-ppc. I have a system now that I can fully work on (except for MATLAB, which doesn’t support linux-ppc platform).
This was written by Anshul. Posted on Tuesday, September 19, 2006, at 5:52 am. Filed under linux, mac, tech. Bookmark the permalink. Follow comments here with the RSS feed.	Post a comment or leave a trackback.
just wondering where you get the modprobe program for Fedora, I did a normal installation and added development tools afterwards, but its still not in there, is there a way to install it?
Aaron: use “su -” to make su work like a login shell, thereby loading the PATH environment variable for root. This includes /usr/sbin and /sbin.
Anshul: I enjoy your blog. Greetings from California.
Thanks, Adrian. Nice to see you.
You answered lots of questions I’ve been trying to figure out and when dual booting mac and linux I tend to spend most of my time in mac because I do school work there, so haven’t had much time to do this kind of stuff. If you knew how to get bluetooth working that would be great :) to get the wireless apple mouse and keyboard to work, and for some reason in Fedora it can’t recognize my powermac sound card. It has for no reason recognized it twice and seems to only load it when it feels like it. If I figure any of this out i’ll add another reply.
Though my question is not directly related to installation of Linux on a Mac, but i was justing wondering on “Airport Extreme” and Wifi. From what i have read i believe Airport Extreme is to make your Mac a hotspot – a base a hub (whatever u want to call it) to which other compactible systems can connect to the internet. am i right?
But how does the Mac connect to the internet. it sure does have an ethernet port, but the confusion i have is if it has a wifi capabilities. can a mac – mac book and mac book pro running intels “core duo” have wifi to connect to some other hotspot?
Thanks for dropping by. FC6 seems to detect my bluetooth well enough – though I don’t have any BT device to check it against. You could give it a try.
“Airport Extreme” base station is a router – a separate device by itself that allows other computers to connect to the Internet.
The Mac laptops can connect via ethernet (standard cable) or via their wifi card (which they call “Airport”, but is no different from other wifi cards on the market for PCs). They can connect to any hotspot or router that is offering wifi capability, just like any other laptop.
Did you try an external monitor? I am wondering whether my Apple monitor will work, which is crucial for me.
Thanks for the information! I recently put Ubuntu on my iBook G4 and decided to put Fedora on it instead for pretty much the same reason that you did. The stuff you listed helped a lot. I ran into almost all the same problems and I was able to get through most of them painlessly with your help.
Having pretty much the same result as Dan, Wireless worked a couple of times, but when I installed wpa supplicant…bye bye Airport! Hoe is yours working?
Dan: Nothing much more to report except that I installed Fedora Core 6 later and got significantly fewer problems.
will your suggestion for making airport work, work on my intel macbook running fedora core 6?
james: I doubt it. There’s a whole new black art to getting things running on the Intel Macs, though there are quite a few resources on Google which should help with that. Good luck!
Hi, I’m curious about the trackpad… I installed Ubuntu 6.06 and later 6.10 but both times the trackpad is brutally slow. Do you have any such issues with Fedora?
Marc: Try changing the “minspeed” and “maxspeed” options in the xorg.conf?
I am a newbie for FC7 and Mac mini,as I have a mac mini on which i have to load FC7.
I have went through so many posts and installed FC7 on my mac mini,but there seems to be a problem with wireless card(Airport Extreme).
I have installed bcm43xx-fwcutter as posted in Fedora groups.
but I am not able to find device in iwconfig.
but i can see all bcm43xx_mac80211 modules in lsmod.
Since mine is a mac PC I have no windows drivers with me, so I have not tried ndiswrapper.
Please can you help me for this problem, this is very important for my project to continue.
Sasidhar: Did you try modprobe bcm43xx_mac80211? I am not sure if your Mac Mini will have a Broadcom chipset. A good place to go for help is the channel #fedora-ppc on freenode; they can usually help you out.
Es conveniente utilizar las cartas del tarot en un lugar especial, que goce de un ambiente de paz y un halo de misterio.
that we might get from various foods options besides meat.

industry_corpus2: Computing & Telecommunications


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Welcome to the TaxAlmanac Discussion Forum!
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industry_corpus2: Finance & Economics


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What do operators need to know before buying or selling a pub at an auction?
Hammer time! What do operators need to know before buying or selling a pub at an auction?
If you can avoid sneezing, waving or any other everyday movements that might be interpreted as bidding, property auctions can yield a great opportunity to purchase a pub. However, there’s a lot of legwork that needs to take place before placing a bid.
Savills head of licensed leisure Kevin Marsh explains: “Pubs sold in auction have often been vacant for a long period of time, with the process usually being the last port of call in the sales process.
“Those looking to buy a property at auction will have the advantage of certainty in the bid. At the end of the auction, you have either been successful or not.
“Pubs up for sale in the auction room will rarely have a business attached to them due to the sheer amount of due diligence that would be involved beforehand.
With Fleurets’ 2018 Survey of Pub Prices revealing an increase in quality of pub disposals in the past 12 months – with the fair maintainable trade of disposed sites increasing to £315,000 from £274,000 – the coming year could offer a great chance for would-be publicans or multiple operators to pick up a bargain.
Neil Morgan, managing director for the pubs and restaurants sectors at specialist adviser Christie & Co, highlights that anyone looking to buy a pub at auction needs to check the title of the property via Land Registry and “be aware of any onerous covenants or restrictions as these will ultimately effect the value”.
Moreover, Morgan states it’s important to do your own research on a property before bidding.
“Have sight of a recent, full structural survey, or undertake your own if unavailable, along with gas and electric safety certificates and asbestos reports,” he says.
Morgan adds: “If it is an investment, the bidder will need to be satisfied that the tenant or lessee is financially stable and, therefore, the rental obligation for the agreed lease term is stable and the long-term income is relatively secure.
“Fully reading the current lease agreement is essential to determine the expiry date of the lease, rent review periods and mechanism of the review.
Are there any break clauses, for landlord or tenant, or both?
Is the lease internal repairing only or a full repairing lease?
Any dilapidation notices served (i.e., does the property look in disrepair or in good condition)? If in good condition then the tenant should be trading well and meeting all of his/her legal obligations. Conversely, if the property appears to be in poor condition it would suggest the tenant may be financially struggling and has little or no spare capital.
Any history of rent reductions or missed payments?
If the tenant is a company, have personal guarantees been provided?
A final credit check on the company and or individual is also recommended to ensure that the bidder has the full picture when entering into an investment.
Alternatively, if you’re looking to sell a pub at auction, SDL Auctions valuer Chris  Theocharides suggests, you first “need to make it clear to the auctioneers whether or not the pub is still trading and let to a tenant or if it is vacant.
“If the pub is still trading and being let, the property could appeal more to investors and they would need to know the current rental income and how long the let has been agreed for.
Theocharides adds that having a pub’s paperwork in order will increase bidder confidence on the day in your property and is likely to boost the chance of a sale.
“Generally, when selling a pub via auction, it is ideal to ensure all legal documents are in place well before the auction takes place,” he says.
“This allows potential purchasers to have all the relevant information required so they can decide on what they propose to do with the pub and, most importantly, estimate their conversion costs.

industry_corpus2: Real Estate & Construction


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With the vast number of travel companies offering so many different flights and deals it can be extremely tiresome and troublesome to decide on which company to spend your time and money with; yet simple economics tends to ultimately determine people’s choices. Of course it depends where you are located and where you want to go, but if you are looking to book Cheap domestic flights UK then find-cheapflights.com is the elementary choice for outstanding value, great service and guaranteed satisfaction, every time While the ancient Chinese may have believed that the destination is not as important as the journey in life, such existential metaphysics do little to calm you if you get stuck on a dodgy airline or with a terrible connecting flight. This is why we take care to ensure that our clients know the variety of options available to them, it is often possible to find dirt cheap flights, but a trade-off for comfort or time is necessary; for some this is totally fine, but for many it just won’t do and getting to the final destination in a quick and efficient manner with maximum service is worth a few extra pounds. Getting hold of reasonable domestic flights can often be a tedious experience with special offers coming in and out of the market at ridiculous speeds and airlines regularly changing routes and times, seemingly endlessly to frustrate their passengers! Thankfully, we keep abreast of all the latest developments and when it comes to compare cheap domestic flights uk we lead the way every time. Whether flying to or from Manchester, Leeds, Newcastle, Leeds, London, Luton, Edinburgh, Glasgow or another other airport within the United Kingdom, we have it on lock-down, complete access to all the best fares and special offers and presented to you in a clear and easily understandable way.
One thing to be aware of when booking last minute cheap domestic flights in uk is that the cheapest fares are usually non changeable, which means that they are not ideal for business travellers whose schedules can and do change as frequently as the mind of a teenager. Business class fares are always available and come with much more flexibility, but of course, these are not last minute cheap domestic flights in UK available to all; although even in the premium classes sometimes special offers do come up, and as always, we will present you with both economical options and comfort/efficiency options. The benefits of flying in the ‘posh seats’ are that there is usually access to the airline’s lounge prior to departure, as well as better service on-board and a bigger seat. However, this probably is not a concern for most, as even the longest domestic flights are little over an hour long, and most can deal with having to slum it for an hour.
So, of all the numerous places from which to fly in the United Kingdom, London Heathrow is by far the busiest, with passengers flying all over the world, long queues and agitated staff; we generally recommend that of all the airports out there that you should avoid Heathrow if at all possible. The London City airport is underused, and Gatwick, Luton and Stansted are less busy possibilities Again, time and location considerations must be taken into consideration, but if it is possible to fly in/out of one of these other locations then it is probably a good idea to do so. Wherever you decide, if you want to book cheap domestic flights then you know who to turn to, we will advise you of the myriad choices available to you, wherever you want to leave from or to and it has never been easier to compare cheap domestic flights than right now. Our database contains the latest and greatest prices and a comprehensive list of every single available price at the time of your reservation, special offers come and go, and we will let you know the best value deals you can get, it helps in those circumstances to be a little flexible and, generally, the nearer to the day of departure the price of the flight will increase due to there being less seats available and therefore more demand, but while that concept was alien to many for a while, the advent of budget airlines has taught people to book well in advance in order to maximise the savings that are possible and get the best deals available every single time they want to make a travel booking.
There’s no question that Rome, Italy is one of the most romantic places to visit in the entire world. One of the best trips along this journey is flying from Malta, MT to Rome, IT. While you are making this voyage and faced with a stop over or a connection flight, one of the best connecting options is in Frankfurt, DE. Moreover, between the two destinations of Rome, IT and Malta, MT, there are 100 different flights that take place every single week. This is extremely helpful for anyone that wishes to visit either of the specific locations. Out of the various flights to choose from, there is a total of 131,374 different seats available each day.
With many different airlines making this expedition daily, Air France is the only one the offers the highest amount of nonstop flights between Rome, IT and Malta, MT. Although United doesn’t offer many nonstop flight between these two destination, the large airline does have three separate one stop flights that are a great source of travel for you. In terms of aircraft size, the smallest plane is a 757 that is owned by SAS and seats 148 passengers. On the other hand, Australian controls the largest plane that flies from Malta, MT to Rome, IT. This aircraft is a 325 that comfortably sits 193 passengers. Even though the two airlines offer different sized planes, both of them provide comfortable seating arrangements for their customers.
If you are traveling between Malta, MT and Rome, IT, the fastest trip is offered by Air France due to their nonstop flights. The nonstop flight is an estimated 428 miles in le. Luckily for vacationers and business travelers, there are a wide range of different airplane and airfare options that provide many different advantages. As long as your trip is planned to fit your traveling needs, you will be presented with many different choices.
During one of your flights from Malta, MT to London GB, one of the best changeover spots you could wish for is Frankfurt, DE. Providing a centralized location, Frankfurt allows easy boarding access and decongested air travel. While BMI offers three nonstop flights from Malta to London, Air Malta is the leading nonstop air traveler between these two destinations.
With all of the different aircrafts that travel from Malta, MT to London, GB, Air Canada has the largest 325 airplane that seats 182 passengers. Although there isn’t a huge difference in plane size, United operates the smallest aircraft that flies from Malta to London. Even though the United plane is technically smaller, it still sits 182 passengers.

industry_corpus2: Transportation


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PACKAGE & DIMENSION --- Price is for 6 pcs. Each bag measures: 12 inch x 10 inch x 4 inch ( 30.5cm x 25.5 cm x 10cm ) . The bag features a handle and is durable enough! The capacity is enough to fit goodies.
PRODUCT MATERAIL --- Natural jute cloth outside and polyester cotton inside. Reusable and Durable Easter gift bag, anti winkle, dual layers design, handwashed and hang to dry.
SUITABLE FOR KIDS --- It's suitable for yous kids ( above 5 years old ). Ideal for storage of Easter eggs, candy, surprises, treats, small toys, gifts, or fill with seasonal candy. Your little child can use this bag year after year.
PERSONAL CUSTOMIZED --- Do It Yourself. You can personalize the bags, such as embroidering, writing, drawing, dye and so on. Your kids will take pride in decorating and finishing their own craft.
Size: 9.5" x 12" x 3.8" (25.5cm x 30.5cm x 10cm) with inside lining and 19" reinforced self-fabric handles.
These Easter bunny bags are designed in a lovely bunny ear style, simple and refined with fine workmanship, lightweight, great for Easter celebration decoration, use as gift basket or fill this basket with Easter sweets for your little honey bunny or let them fill with eggs on their exciting Easter egg hunt. They are collapsible for easy storage, can be used as a Halloween Trick or Treat bag, Easter basket, toy bag, gift bag, etc.
Easter bunny bags are perfect for your kids to enjoy their holiday and party. You can also enjoy DIY, embroider and painting your favorite pattern on it.
The totes are good quality. My only complaint is I did not get 3 of each color as I was expecting. It clearly stated assorted 3. Other than that, I’m happy with them.


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Marriage ceremonies have always been decorated with Unity Sands that forms the symbol of the unity of the couples. There are many sand ceremony kits for blended families today with the current trends of blended families with more than one set parent. Step parents too are active in attending weddings and they often come to the ceremony. Instead of choosing one person to illuminate the place with candles, you can choose the best way to involve most family members.
Most couples today go for sand wedding ceremony during their marriage ceremonies instead of the traditional lighting of the unity candle. Some people mayn’t have heard about this kind of ceremonies yet they are so common especially during beach weddings. You can decorate you take that is in front of the ceremony field with the highest level of expertise. At the center of the table can be a vase placed for traditional purposes. This is the only traditional section of the ceremony, the vase holding the gifts or contributions from each and every person who wish to award the couples as they take part in the ceremony.
Wedding sand ceremony is amazing, giving an opportunity for each of the couples to select a color that will represent their family. These sand colors will then be poured down as their parents walk down the stage and this will signify the unity of the marriage ceremony. The smaller container is carried by the parent or one of the couples and it will be set on the Unity Vase on the table. Each of the parents is required to go and take the container made for him/ her then pour the sand into the center- placed Unity Vase. There is space to check when the other parties who attended the ceremony are still around or have left the wedding sand ceremony. Each generation can be represented should the couples wish so; since they will just have small containers of sand designed for them.
Parents will be waited to occupy their seas to signify the start of the ceremony of marriage. Such ceremonies can last as long as the people witnessing it will want to enjoy. Towards the end of the ceremony, the couples will pick the remaining containers and pour them on the Unity Vase and seal it. For religious wedding ceremonies, it is from here that the religious leaders will bless the vase.
This makes the wedding sand ceremony a complete celebration. Just as small as one of the sands is, when they are all put together, they become substantial. During the times of Unity candle, it represented the unity of people to form one family, and so is the Unity Sand. The gifts that are presented to the couples during the ceremony will last for long.

industry_corpus2: Travel & Geography


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No one ever expects to need an ambulance, but if you're ever caught in that situation, the City of Odessa has an affordable option.
Just 49 dollars a year covers the expense of the ambulance ride whether or not you have any insurance.
Officials say the program called "EMS Lifeline," uses that money to provide training and much needed equipment for their firefighters.
"It's for emergency ambulance service. Depending on the type of treatment or transportation you receive that cost can be up to 375 dollars. So, if you don't have any insurance or your Medicaid doesn't cover all the cost, then EMS Lifeline will pay for that," John Alvarez, Assistant Chief with the Odessa Fire Department, said.
The deadline to subscribe to the service is December 31st.
The number to call is 335 - 4653.


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We have checked reviews from hundreds of real buyers and compared many products from different brands. Each trampoline with handle was rated according to the price/quality ratio so the list features products from various price ranges. Nevertheless, read our buying tips and make your own research if you want to buy the right option for you.
This website will help you pick a good trampoline with handle. The top list below features some of the best models on the market. Pick a trampoline with handle out of our list and immediately buy it!
Foam padded, adjustable-height sturdy handrail for extra stability.
Exercising regularly with this trampoline trainer will help to develop and tone leg and core muscles.
Ergonomic curved safety bar for security and stability.
The most robust and high quality rebounder on the market, used by many professional athletes and sports men and women for cardio and core training.
Poles slide into frame legs for easier assembly & safer jumping experience. Extra heavy duty welding for legs and handrail. Folds easily to take up minimal storage space. 8-leg base frame and padded handle bar for sturdy grip & added stability. Springs connect set-wise giving it that extra bounce. Excellent low-impact aerobic workout. Foam padded, adjustable-height sturdy handrail for extra stability. Handrail has 5 positions and adjust with a knob to ensure durability.
Is not buying trampoline with handleon the internet is dangerous?
Why there should be any reasons to worry? There are no risks in buying trampoline with handleon the internet, sine you can always get a refund. You can also check the reputation of a seller just to be sure that your trampoline with handle will be delivered without any problems.
Jump mat made of heavy-duty polypropylene to ensure sustained bouncing; quick and easy to assemble, no additional tools required. Exercising regularly with this trampoline trainer will help to develop and tone leg and core muscles; exterior trampoline pad is cushioned to avoid injuries when bouncing out of control. Low-impact cardio exercises on mini trampolines are proven to be effective exercises to boost cardiovascular health while reducing strain on joints. Constructed with 30 high tension dual-springs and steel rubber-tipped supports, making it sturdy and durable with a weight capacity of 220 lbs.
Easily adjustable hand rail provides added safety and provides a firm and stable gripping apparatus to maintain steady, controlled cardio exercise.
What is the defining factor when choosing a trampoline with handle?
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Frame is sturdy and durable and is capable of sustaining bouncing up to a weight capacity of 75 lbs. Bouncing system is astm, tuv/gs and ce certified for safety; easy and quick assembly, no additional tools necessary for assembly. No-spring bungee system creates a safe, worry-free bouncing environment for your children to play and help their coordination, balance, muscle development, and stamina. Trampoline dimensions are 36 l x 36 w x 9.5 h without handrail, and 37.8″ l x 37.8 w x 29.5 h with handrail; cushioned frame prevents injury in the event of a fall. Ergonomic curved safety bar for security and stability; soft, cushioned handle for firmer, more comfortable gripping.
№ 4. MaXimus Pro Gym Rebounder Mini Trampoline with Handle Bar. Package Includes Great Compilation Rebound Dvd, and 3 Months Free Video Membership! 150kg User Weight.
Professional gym rebounder – great for fitness and sports training, weight loss, lymphatic drainage and core and joint stability training. Includes free compilation rebounding workout dvd with 4 amazing workouts (beginners, intermediate, and advanced levels) demonstrating proper rebound techniques. Folding spring loaded legs for easy storage/set up – can take up to 130kgs person. Stability handle bar also included. Rebounder dimensions are 102cm (standard fitness size rebounder) weighs 12kg weight so it wont tip up or move unlike cheap lightweight rebounders. Very low impact bounce, due to advanced large spring system for low impact bounce and training. The most robust and high quality rebounder on the market, used by many professional athletes and sports men and women for cardio and core training. Your deep core muscles are engaged involuntary allowing you to produce more core power which is vital for any sport. You will improve, speed agility, balance and coordination giving you the edge over your opponents on the playing field.
As used in thousands of gyms worldwide, including spa’s and holistic therapists for detox purposes and lymphatic drainage that helps boost your immune system and rid your fat or toxins allowing you to burn fat more efficiently. Many validated researched fitness and health efficacies for best results.
What warranty period is considered optimal for trampoline with handle?
We think that a two-year warranty is more than enough for a decent trampoline with handle. There are many premium options with a lifetime warranty, but we do not think that it is necessary. We recommend you to simply replace trampoline with handle with a new one after some time.
Do I need to worry when buying a trampoline with handle online?
Nowadays, online shopping is completely safe. In fact, it might even be safer than regular shopping, since you do not have to leave your home to buy products you need. There is nothing dangerous in buying trampoline with handle. After all, you can always get a refund if you will not like the model you bought or you received it in a malfunctioning condition.
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Shop has a customer-friendly return policy, which means that you will not have any difficulties returning your money. If there is something wrong with your trampoline with handle, you only need to contact the customer support and ask for a refund. However, you should carefully read the item’s description before buying a trampoline with handle.
What is the average cost for a good trampoline with handle?
If you want to buy the best trampoline with handle on the market, remember that it does not have to be the most expensive one. Of course, costly models are usually good, but there is always a possibility that you can find an option with better price/quality ratio. If you want to get the most value out of your trampoline with handle, choose wisely and consider all its characteristics, not only the price.

industry_corpus2: Sports


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Porokhovsky A.A. Market Development and Political Economy // Scientific Researches of Economic Faculty. 2009. V.1, Is.1. p. 3-25.
Article is devoted to the analysis of interconnection of market development and political economy as a core of economic theory and economic sciences. The roots of political economy are rising from the nationwide market economy. There are some explanations of marxism, neoclassical theory and economics appearance. The causes of political economy worldwide renaissance are shown as will. It pays attention to the problems of formation of Russian national model under contemporary economic crisis conditions.


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This particular is undoubtedly Nassau 6 Drawer Double Dresser by Red Barrel Studio Sale Brand New for the favorite. Here likely to find reasonable product information. One more selection for your online shopping. Due to everyone who came to check out us to view our products.
So, there you have it! Our tiny abode. I did not show the powder area (it still looks specifically as it did right here ). I also did not show the guest area or Courtney's old room as they are both fully in transition because she moved out. I will update you on what we do with these spaces when there is far more to share, and show you far more in my Instagram stories soon!
Our interior designers have created thousands of customized designs for actual clients. Explore by area, style, and budget to get suggestions for your subsequent room makeover. Coffered ceiling and tall transom windows make this space appear tall and comfy. Spacious sofa with lots of throw pillows in colorful patterns is the initial point you must take into account designing a boho lounge area.
Living Space Ideas, Designs And InspirationHave you been considering replacing your living room furniture? I've study and enjoyed a lot of novels with unreliable and even reprehensible narrators. But it is accurate that virtually unintentionally we tend to turn the lives of others into fiction just by seeking, as a lot of of us did with this lady, and as she did with her neighbors. But the prolonged and determined act of looking created it one thing else, as did her strangely bifurcated view of herself, capable to see the creepiness of what she was performing but seemingly sincerely believing she had some kind of connection with her neighbors. Once more, the latter was what created it uncomfortably interesting.


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War of the Rebellion: Serial 012 Page 0049 Chapter XXIII. GENERAL REPORTS.
HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 24, 1862-12 p. m.
A very peculiar case of desertion has just occurred from the enemy. The party states that he left Jackson, Whiting, and Ewell (fifteen brigades) at Gordonsville on the 21st; that they were moving to Frederick's Hall, and that it was intended to attack my rear on the 28th. I would be glad to learn, at your earliest convenience, the most exact information you have as to the position and movements of Jackson, as well as the sources from which your information is derived, that I may the better compare it with what I have.
We have no definite information as to the numbers or position of Jackson's force. General King yesterday reported a deserter's statement that Jackson's force was, nine days ago, 40,000 men. Some reports place 10,000 rebels under Jackson at Gordonsville; others, that his force is at Port Republic, Harrisonburg, and Luray. Fremont yesterday reported rumors that Western Virginia was threatened, and General Kelley that Ewell was advancing to New Creek, where Fremont has his depots. The last telegram from Fremont contradicts this rumor. The last telegram from Banks says the enemy's pickets are strong in advance at Luray. The people decline to give any information of his whereabouts. Within the last two days the evidence is strong that for some purpose the enemy is circulating rumors of Jackson's advance in various directions, with a view to conceal the real point of attack. Neither McDowell, who is at Manassas, nor Banks and Fremont, who are at Middletown, appear to have any accurate knowledge of the subject. A letter transmitted to the Department yesterday, purporting to be dated Gordonsville, on the 14th instant, stated that the actual attack was designed for Washington and Baltimore as soon as you attacked Richmond, but that the report was to be circulated that Jackson had gone to Richmond, in order to mislead. This letter looked very much like a blind, and induces me to suspect that Jackson's real movement now is toward Richmond. It came from Alexandria, and is certainly designed, like the numerous rumors put afloat, to mislead. I think, therefore, that while the warning of the deserter to you may also be a blind, it could not safely be disregarded. I will transmit to you any further information on this subject that may be received here.
On the 25th, our bridges and intrenchments being at last completed, an advance of our picket line of the left was ordered, preparatory to a general forward movement.

industry_corpus2: Others


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Raoul Coutard filming Scruggs, London, 1965. Photograph by David Muir.
On the day that Trump won the US presidency, my other sad news was when I learned that the most innovative cinematographer of my lifetime had died.
When I was a young documentary cameraman, Raoul Coutard was my hero. I desperately wanted to be a new Coutard to a new Truffaut, to shoot the sort of films that they made together in France, like Shoot the pianist.
Raoul Coutard became a colleague of mine in 1965 when I was the British union stand-in on a first-time director’s would-be ‘English New Wave’ feature film called Scruggs that Raoul had been engaged to shoot. I did a crash course in French, in preparation for this great opportunity, and Raoul and I became friends, finding we had much in common.
The shoot went over schedule, Raoul had to go back to France, and he insisted to the producer that I take over as cinematographer. Fortunately, Raoul – like all great cinematographers - had been very generous in explaining both how and why he shot the way he did, so I don’t think anyone can spot the difference between his and my footage.
Raoul pioneered the highly mobile camera and the use of portable location lighting, bounced off the ceiling, which gave his directors the freedom to stage action wherever it suited them, rather than being restricted to the “lit” areas usual at that time.
In Paris, after our film was finished, he took me to a special shop (where he insisted I got the same discount as he did!) to buy the first polecats I had ever seen, plus clip-on lights so I could light locations from DYI horizontal polecat rigs out of picture. I subsequently used this technique on features, TVCs and documentaries. Our friendship continued until 1974, when I returned to live in Australia.
Raoul mellowed into old age, and in later interviews he has sanitised key events in his career, but I’m going to tell you the truth behind some events. The following, inter-related stories are the result of some sort of In vino veritas, except in this case the truth came, not from a bottle, but from smoking with Raoul in a Paris opium den.
Breathless, which Raoul shot for Jean-Luc Godard in 1960, totally changed how films were photographed. As Raoul said in a later interview, We felt we were doing something revolutionary, even if we didn’t know where it was all leading to.
It was not until ten years after the event that Raoul learned from director Jean-Luc Godard that his debut as cinematographer on Breathless was not at all welcomed.
Godard was a young Marxist-Leninist intellectual arch-critic of traditional filmmaking, so he didn’t want to work with a tough ex-army photojournalist. But the producer, Georges de Beauregard, owed Raoul some big favours for the feature films he had shot for him in Vietnam for next to nothing, so Jean-Luc Godard was forced to use him, rather than his own choice of cinematographer.
Godard quite deliberately planned to start shooting Breathless with the most difficult challenge for any cameraman, a long continuous tracking shot, going with the actors from the street exterior to deep inside a building.
In the film industry of the time, the exposure differences in such long continuous shots were considered impossible to cope with without huge lighting set-ups, and Godard insisted it must be done without lights, confident that Raoul would fail the challenge and could be sacked and replaced before most of the film was to be shot.
On the grounds of greater mobility and closer contact with the actors, Jean-Luc personally pushed Raoul in a wheelchair, but this was mainly so the cameraman could not get any help from a dolly-pushing grip, or the customary focus-pulling camera assistant.
But, having started as a photo-journalist, Raoul was used to setting his own focus and he was accustomed to judging exposure through the viewfinder, adjusting aperture as lighting circumstances changed. So, in the wheelchair, alone with Godard, he hand-held the bulky Cameflex camera, one finger of his right hand pulling focus, his left forefinger changing exposure as the actors went from sunlight to varying degrees of darkness inside the building – truly radical techniques for filmmaking until that very day.
This was Raoul’s trial-by-fire, but instead of being forced to quit for incompetence, he emerged as Godard’s favourite and went on to become the most-used cinematographer for French New Wave directors.
So why did Raoul have a period of some 15 years, until 1982, when he wasn’t asked to shoot for any of these directors? In fairly recent years, Raoul has been publicly tactful about this break up, inferring it was due to problems with the less-talented descendants of Jean-Luc Godard, who by the way will soon be 86 and still making films.
Raoul has now died at 92, so I don’t think he would mind me telling you the real story. Anyway, I’m 81 and retired now and, like Godard, I don’t much care.
You can learn from the internet that Raoul lived in Vietnam for 11 years from 1946, working as a photojournalist, initially for the French army magazine when France occupied that country. After the French-Indo-China war ended, Raoul stayed on there as a freelance magazine photographer. What Google won’t tell you about is his passion for that country and its people, nor that he married a Vietnamese woman and adopted the son she already had by another man. After the American invasion, Raoul and the family moved to Paris, where he set her up in Saigon sur Seine, her own restaurant.
Raoul never had any great ambition to direct films, but his passions had to find an outlet, and in 1969 he wrote and directed his first feature film, Hoa Binh (called Peace when released to the English- speaking world) about the plight of Vietnamese children who had grown up knowing nothing but war, from the Japanese in the 2nd World War, through fighting French colonialism, to the Americans trying to impose their foreign rule. In making this film Raoul had a cause, the injustice done by colonisers to generations of Vietnamese.
Hoa Binh was nominated for a Best Foreign Film Oscar, and won an important prize at Cannes, but the film lost him friends in Paris. The film took no political line in its concern for the little people, nor did it support any system, but right-wing critics denounced it as Communist, while the left – including Jean-Luc Godard – condemned it as pro-American! If you’ve seen Hoa Binh, you probably think, as I do, that both those judgements are crazy.
After the film was released Godard wouldn’t even speak to Raoul for many years. Then Godard had a life-threatening motorbike accident, being dragged for almost a city block under a semi-trailer. When Raoul heard about it, he was greatly concerned about his old colleague and, without a hint of resentment, took to visiting him regularly in hospital.
It wasn’t until Godard’s rehabilitation period that he finally told Raoul how he had tried to get him sacked from the first film they made together. Then at last they could laugh at how this secret challenge had changed the course of film history forever.
To me, Raoul was the most “Australian” of Frenchmen (in the nicest possible way) completely modest, with a dry, self-deprecating sense of humour. I will miss him for the laughs we had together, and am really grateful for the inspiration he gave to filmmakers worldwide, as well as the filmmaking knowledge he passed on to me.
During filming of the assassination movie “Z” that Raoul shot for Greek director Costa Gavras, an English actor didn’t turn up, so Raoul stepped in and played a supposedly “British” doctor on screen, uttering the immortal line “Eesgon” - which translates into English as He has gone, meaning the hero has died. That’s exactly how I feel about Raoul’s passing.


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Shopping Unique Places Archives - Page 2 of 4 - TourGuideTim Reveals San Diego!
Cost: None, unless you want to buy a wildlife painting.
Features: Meet Famed Wildlife Artist Gamini Ratnavira, Browse through his Wildlife Paintings, and Meet his Unique & Colorful Birds.
Cost: $16 ($8 for Kids ages 3-12 and $13 for Students, Military, and Seniors 62+). Parking Costs Extra.
Features: Oldest Active Ship in the World; National Historic Landmarks; U.S. & Soviet Submarines; Nine Maritime Exhibitions, Ships used in the Movies Amistad & Master and Commander; Sailing Adventures.
Cost: $10 ($5 for Seniors 65+). Parking Costs Extra.
Features: This Leading-Edge, Interactive Children’s Museum Encourages Kids of All Ages to Think, Play, and Create.
Tours: 2nd Saturday of Each Month at 11AM. Cost: $2. Self-Guided Tours Also Available.
Features: Tour the Original Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, and Hawaiian Communities in Downtown San Diego; Pick-up Unique Items at the Asian Bazaar and Farmers Market.
Cost: Game Tickets Start at $5.
Features: One of the Top Pitching Teams in Baseball; Best Seats in Baseball; Central Location for Restaurants and Nightlife; Behind the Scenes Tours.
Open Daily: 10AM – 5PM. (Opens at 12PM on Sundays; Stays Open Until 9PM on Thursdays through Labor Day.) Closed on Mondays, Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year’s Day.
Features: Paintings from Old World Masters; Popular Works from French Impressionists; Largest Collection of South Asian Art in America; Numerous Exhibitions available at the Museum and Online.
Features: Visit the Cottages of 21 Countries (+11 more on a rotating basis) to learn their cultures through food, music, dance, and more.
Features: Several National Register and California State Historic Landmarks within seven blocks; Great Collection of Historic Stage Coaches & Carriages; Interpretive Center Provides a Historic Timeline of the American Continent starting 20,000 Years Ago.


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The only limitations are the ones you set.
I dont pretend to be just like every other emo you have ever met. im a big girl, im mature, and im not afraid to be who i am. im looking for someone who is looking for that and more in a woman. im not into games. im not into pervs. if you are interested, dont hesitate to message me.


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Corte delle Dolomiti Resort is a rare and precious place, conceived in the Sixties by ENI’s CEO Enrico Mattei and built by Edoardo Gellner, the inspired mountain architect.
The main aim was to offer to ENI’s employees a picturesque alpine holiday village, featuring a charming little church designed by Mattei himself together with the famous landscape architect Carlo Scarpa.
The project, focused on a careful reflection about the relationship between nature and architecture, man and landscape, shines today more than ever for comfort and lure, thanks to a wise reorganization of housing, environment and accommodation capacity.


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Away from the crowds with easy access onto the beach and rockpools in front, Atlantic View is the perfect combination of contemporary luxury and position.
You’ll find it hard to find another location in Cornwall which successfully combines superior eco-credentials, panoramic sea views, high-spec open plan interiors, full-width balconies, sea facing patios and large log burners with such striking contemporary architecture.
Direct access onto the beach at Widemouth, stunning interiors and impressive eco-credentials combine to make these houses somewhere special in Cornwall.


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The Hotel Le Macerine is just a few steps from the shores of Lake Trasimeno and 300 meters from the center of Castiglione del Lago, one of the most beautiful villages in Italy.
Surrounded by greenery and just a few kilometers from the border with Tuscany, is the ideal place for those seeking a holiday to enjoy the peace and tranquility of nature and the lake, but also for those who love to discover new places and traditions. The hotel is in a strategic position that allows you to easily reach the medieval village of the territory and the most beautiful cities of central Italy, or to make magic tours on the lake shore and on the islands, Maggiore and Polvese, the pearls of the Trasimeno.


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← This and That Moanday!
It’s pretty but you know people have been handling that stuff with their grubby hands. Bleh!!
So what to do? Well I have a few strategies. I have a good imagination and I find with sweets and in particular chocolate I can imagine that my fudge brownie or chocolate donut was baked by a chain smoking, greasy dude with dirt under his finger nails. Yep desire is dead! I have solutions for cheesies and chips as well but you get the idea and I don’t want to make you sick.
OK! Maybe I wouldn’t eat all of the donuts!
I also find that eating something like an apple that has a strong clean taste will redirect my attention. Brushing your teeth is an old standby as is chewing gum.
If I am home jumping in the shower works well. I don’t keep any junk food in the house so it is a big production once my hair is wet to make myself presentable for the food delivery guy or the corner store. I did try having pizza delivered while in my bathrobe. The delivery guy made fun of me. Bless him for that because I am not doing that again ever.
I know it all seems a little extreme when simple self-control should work but well there is that word control. You want to see somebody stubbornly hold their breath ‘til they turn blue? Try attempting to control me. Even I find it impossible to give myself a set of rules to follow. I immediately want to break them. I can immediately feel the hand of big brother on the back of my neck squeezing! That is why I divert attention and redefine the problem ‘cause in a head to head battle of a rule vs my will the rules lose.
I’m a very bad girl. I ate two Hershey’s Kisses while reading your blog post. hehe. I love to reward myself with food. However, the self control factor did take some time to cultivate. There are still times when I find myself veering a bit (I’m human, right?), but for the most part I keep trigger foods away and plan my foodie rewards. It’s great to read how you deal with the issue. Always good to hear about other tactical measures that are effective.
Sometimes the ten minute thing postponement work for me, other times getting a cup of tea or coffee with just a splash of milk and some toffee flavored stevia will buy off the temptation for long enough to get to the next meal.
And some days, NOTHING works! Fortunately, not too many of those… but always enough to remind me that “intuitive” eating doesn’t work too well with my greedy brain.
I can imagine me trying intuitive eating! My brain already asks for more chocolate as I lie bloated and miserable from a binge. Maybe with much work we can fix the lose cogs in my brain but for now I just try to work around it.
Diverting our attention from food can really help! I’m a fan of hot tea.
So good to see I’m not alone in this department! If I can keep the junk out of the house, that’s half the battle-I like the idea of chewing gum-‘gonna try that!
You are hilarious! I have been catching up with your blog after discovering it by googling to see if the domain “FatChickFitness.com” was taken. Hell, it sounded good to me. Well lookie there! It sounded good to someone else too! And she’s fun and funny! And fat and struggling like me! I will be stalking your blog now.
Gee! What a nice pick me up message for a Friday morning! Thanks!
Please come back and let me know what your web site address is. The one that you entered is rejecting me.
I’m away this weekend. Family obligations.
Self control is definitely not my strong point with regards to food. It’s funny because I feel I have self control in every other area of my life….but not food grrr!!


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Fast trains from Birmingham to Cardiff take around 1 hour and 50 minutes, covering a distance of approximately 143 kilometres. There are frequent services on the rail route between Birmingham and Cardiff.
1. Are there direct trains from Birmingham to Cardiff?
Direct trains from Birmingham to Cardiff have been found.
We usually find around 17 direct trains on the route from Birmingham to Cardiff every weekday.
2. How long is the train journey from Birmingham to Cardiff?
The Birmingham to Cardiff train travel time is normally about 1 hour and 50 minutes, whatever time you make the journey.
3. What are the Birmingham to Cardiff train times and schedule?
On weekdays the earliest direct train to Cardiff is usually scheduled to depart Birmingham around 05:00 and the last train is around 20:30. This is the same at the weekend.
What's the Birmingham to Cardiff train price?
The earlier you book the better, and the cheapest tickets we've found for trains from Birmingham to Cardiff are $18.89.
When to book Birmingham to Cardiff train tickets?
Trains in the UK usually open for booking around 3 months in advance. If booking is not yet open for your dates then you can set a booking alert to receive an email on the day that the cheapest tickets are released for your journey from Birmingham to Cardiff by train.
Which train companies operate between Birmingham and Cardiff?
CrossCountry is the train company that operates on the route from Birmingham to Cardiff.


text: Downtown San Anselmo is recognized as the "Antique Capital of Northern California," attracting collectors from all over the West Coast. It also features many popular restaurants and cafes in the quaint downtown. San Anselmo homes range from small Spanish stucco style to larger, ranch style homes on large parcels in Sleepy Hollow. San Francisco Theological Seminary is a lovely community asset. Summers are quite warm here and good for enjoying a pool.Fairfax and San Anselmo share the highly regarded Ross Valley School District.


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The aim of the Dementia Quality Mark is to ensure that every home has suitable building blocks in place to provide a good quality dementia service. Each home must also show willingness to make improvements to the service through their annual improvement plan.
The success of the Dementia Quality Mark has been vital in helping to improve the quality of service provision for those residents in our care homes living with dementia.
Having achieved The Dementia Quality Mark year after year, our aim is to reassure people choosing a care home that we meet the needs of people with dementia; for example, a DQM would be particularly helpful for families wanting to select a care home, and homes which have been awarded the DQM are shown on the Plymouth Online Directory. The home is also issued with a certificate which they can display in the home to show they are in receipt of the Award.


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ASKING which industries are going to be most impacted by Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the coming years and decades, is much like someone in 1980s asking which industries are going to be most impacted by computer chips and computer software.
In 1980s, it was possible to see that computers were going to revolutionize retail and medicine, but not to forecast the advent of Amazon or Taobao. Prediction of AI’s future influence is likely even harder than was the case for earlier technologies, due to the exponential nature of change in an era of unprecedented connectivity.
What is clear is that AI and its associated technologies will continue to advance. In Southeast Asia alone, the adoption of AI technologies stood at 14 per cent in 2018, a marked increase from the 8 per cent in the previous year.
The use of AI will only trend upwards as organisations turn to this technology to plug the skills gap created by the digital transformation of traditional industries. This is set against the backdrop of a potential talent deficit of 47 million workers across Asia Pacific by 2030.
Before we get there, we must acknowledge that AI will generally not take over the human workforce all at once. Instead, it will start by prompting businesses to reorganize their structures to best leverage the strengths AI has to offer. In doing so, pieces of people’s jobs will be reallocated to AI, giving way to the creation of new roles and requiring humans to upskill themselves accordingly.
For instance, AI will first take on more routine accounting work such as calculations and backend processes, similar to intelligent adaptive Excel macros, while allowing accountants to handle strategic decision-making and customer interaction. Only with the emergence of AGI over time, will we see AI taking over these roles and by then, only a handful of humans will be needed to oversee the running of an organisation’s entire finance function.
When this happens, we would be living in the reality of the hyper-intelligent workplace, where humans will simply provide mission critical thinking, while incorporating the intuitive skill sets of AI and robots for increased productivity.
A key thing to note is that AI will not instantaneously eliminate jobs or job functions. Using the case of biological lab testing as an example, equipment which are mostly already computerized will become more automated and intuitive. Lab robots will then start bridging the gaps between the lab equipment – be it carrying materials from one machine to the other, or keeping each equipment informed about their respective test subjects, parameters and results.
This weeds out the role of a lab technician gradually as it is replaced by an integrated lab robot system that takes verbal instructions directly from the scientist in charge of the lab. Eventually, the scientist’s role will mainly be to rubber-stamp the AI’s suggestions, knowing that what he needs from the AI, has been effectively executed.
Of course, this is not to say that there will be a widespread of automation within all industries. While generic graphic designs can now be done with AI design programs, the conceptualization of deeply creative new images and visual themes will remain largely in the domain of humans, especially on highly subjective matters which require a highly nuanced understanding of consumer taste and preference.
In general, one may say that among the last job roles to be eliminated will be those relying heavily on novel creativity, strategic decision-making, critical thinking and physical manipulations in life-or-death situations.
Yet, among these roles, the routine and labor-intensive tasks will most likely be automated first as that is where most cost-savings will be obtained. To put into context – there is more money to be saved by automating car driving than helicopter piloting, and more to be saved by automating medical research than particle physics research.
While that is almost sure to be a rocky road given the realities of geopolitical issues and income inequality, projects such as the decentralized AI movement led by SingularityNET aims to smoothen the path towards it in a democratic and participatory way.
ConnecTechAsia is organised by UBM, which in June 2018 combined with Informa PLC to become a leading B2B information services group and the largest B2B Events organiser in the world. Please visit http://www.ubm.com/singapore for more information about our presence in Singapore.

industry_corpus2: Artificial Intelligence


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You'll Earn 162 Loyalty Points!
The AS Slipper is made with a soft boiled wool upper that is accentuated with contrasting colors and designs. Soft wool felt lines the footbed, helping to wick away moisture and keep the feet comfortable. The wool-covered latex arch support molds to your feet for a comfortable and customized fit.


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By definition Toloka referres to the gathering of neighbors, relatives, comrades, organized to accomplish a large-scale task quickly (without payment, but for food and drink), which took place not long ago all around the world. Nowadays mutual assistance has morphed into crowdfunding - use of small amounts of capital from a large number of individuals to finance a new business venture. Change of titles was accompanied by the change of terms and conditions of assistance provisions: at present we observe a process of commercialization, which is by Cambridge dictionary definition, is the organization of something in a way intended to make a profit. Although nowadays anyone can donate money without indemnity, more frequently crowd-funders invest their money in order to turn into a beneficiary, creditor and/or co-owner of a project.
The article deals with specifics of different types of crowdfunding (prepayment, donation-, royalty-, debt-, equity-based types and ICO), listing platforms providing corresponding services. Special attention is devoted to risks facing investors, investees and platforms in the process of crowdfunding, including risks of illiquidity, fraud, valuation and capitalization. With a glance to these and other risks an eye is given to financial instruments, issued by investees or platforms. In particular a reader of the article can familiarize himself with new types of securities – SAFEs (”Simple Agreement for Future Equity”) and KISSes (”Keep It Simple Security”), both being contractual rights to purchase the company’s equity at a future date, similar to warrants, but with undetermined (at the moment of their emission) conversion price. Last problem, discussed in the article, is legislative regulation of crowdfunding business in the USA: legislative requirements for investees (disclosure of information) and platforms (registration and licensing), as well as restrictions for investors (maximum amount for a period – depending on their annual income).
The article is intended to provide appropriate understanding of the complexity and the practical implications of the phenomenon with the aim of enhancing crowdfunding in Ukraine.
Keywords: Toloka; crowdfunding; debt-based; equity-based; ICO; SAFE; KISS.
1.	Nathan, R. (2016), Equity Crowdfunding: The Complete Guide for Startups and Growing Companies, Stonepine Publishing, Oregon, USA.
2.	Freedman, D. M. and Nutting, M. R. (2015), Equity Crowdfunding for Investors: A Guide to Risks, Returns, Regulations, Funding Portals, Due Diligence, and Deal Terms, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, USA.
3.	BBC News (2013), “The Statue of Liberty and America's crowdfunding pioneer”, Available at: http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21932675 (Accessed 10 Jan 2019).
4.	Agrawal, A. Catalini, C. and Goldfarb, A. (2014), “Crowdfunding: Geography, Social Networks, and the Timing of Investment Decisions”, [Online], Available at: http://www.catalini.com/s/Crowdfunding_Geography_Social_Networks_2014_05_27.pdf (Accessed 10 Jan 2019).
5.	Hatch, M. R. (2017), Become a force for change through community, access, knowledge, and innovation, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersy, USA.
6.	Moritz, A. and Block, J. (2015), “Crowdfunding: A literature review and research directions”, [Online], Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2554444 (Accessed 10 Jan 2019).
7.	Martínez-Climent, C. Zorio-Grima, A. and Ribeiro-Soriano D. (2018), “Financial return crowdfunding: literature review and bibliometric analysis”, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, vol.18.04.
8.	Freedman, D. M. and Nutting M. R. (2015), Equity Crowdfunding for Investors: A Guide to Risks, Returns, Regulations, Funding Portals, Due Diligence, and Deal Terms, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersy, USA.
9.	Mollick, E. (2014), “The dynamics of crowdfunding: An exploratory study”, Journal of Business Venturing, vol. 29, [Online], Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S088390261300058X#! (Accessed 10 Jan 2019).
10.	YouCaring official site (2019), [Online], Available at: https://www.youcaring.com/c/crowdfunding (Accessed 10 Jan 2019).
11.	Mohr, A. (2011), “Donations: How To Maximize Your Tax Deduction”, [Online], Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0411/donations-how-to-maximize-your-deduction.aspx (Accessed 10 Jan 2019).
12.	Leach, J. C. and Melicher, R. W. (2014), Entrepreneurial Finance, Fifth edition, Cengage Learning, USA.
13.	. Official site of the European Crowdfunding Network (2012), “Crowdfunding business models”, [Online], Available at: http://eurocrowd.org/2012/10/26/crowdfunding-model/ (Accessed 10 Jan 2019).
14.	Official site of LendingClub (2019), [Online], Available at: https://www.lendingclub.com/ (Accessed 10 Jan 2019).
15.	Official site of Prosper Marketplace (2019), [Online], Available at: https://www.prosper.com/ (Accessed 10 Jan 2019).
16.	Vassallo, W. (2016), Crowdfunding for Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Innovation, IGI Global, Monaco.
17.	. Official site of the European Crowdfunding Network (2012), “Crowdfunding business models”, [Online], Available at: http://eurocrowd.org/2012/10/26/crowdfunding-model/ (Accessed 10 Jan 2019).
18.	Official site of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (2017), “Investor Bulletin: Be Cautious of SAFEs in Crowdfunding”, [Online], Available at: https://www.investor.gov/additional-resources/news-alerts/alerts-bulletins/investor-bulletin-be-cautious-safes-crowdfunding (Accessed 10 Jan 2019).
19.	Investopedia (2019), “DEFINITION of 'Initial Coin Offering (ICO)”, [Online], Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/initial-coin-offering-ico.asp (Accessed 10 Jan 2019).
20.	Higgins, S. (2017), “$232 Million: Tezos Blockchain Project Finishes Record - Setting Token Sale”, [Online], Available at: https://www.coindesk.com/232-million-tezos-blockchain-record-setting-token-sale/ (Accessed 10 Jan 2019).
21.	Official site of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (2017), “Updated Investor Bulletin: Crowdfunding for Investors”, [Online], Available at: https://www.investor.gov/additional-resources/news-alerts/alerts-bulletins/investor-bulletin-crowdfunding-investors (Accessed 10 Jan 2019).
22.	Mollick, E. (2014), “The dynamics of crowdfunding: An exploratory study”, Journal of Business Venturing, vol.29, [Online] – Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S088390261300058X#! (Accessed 10 Jan 2019).
23.	Official site of the European Crowdfunding Network (2012), “Crowdfunding business models”, [Online], Available at: http://eurocrowd.org/2012/10/26/crowdfunding-model/ (Accessed 10 Jan 2019).
24.	. Official site of CryptoInsider (2018), “Four in five ICOs classified as scams”, [Online], Available at: https://cryptoinsider.21mil.com/four-in-five-ico-classified-scam/ (Accessed 10 Jan 2019).
25.	Official site of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (2017), “Updated: Crowdfunding and the JOBS Act: What Investors Should Know”, [Online], Available at: http://www.finra.org/investors/alerts/crowdfunding-and-jobs-act-what-investors-should-know (Accessed 10 Jan 2019).
За визначенням термін ‘Толока’ відноситься до гурту сусідів, родичів, товаришів, що збираються для швидкого виконання великої за обсягом роботи (без оплати, але з подальшим частуванням); цей феномен ще не так давно був вельми поширеним в усьому світі. В наш час взаємодопомога перетворилася на краудфандинг - залучення невеликих сум капіталу від великої кількості людей для фінансування нового бізнесу. Зміна назви супроводжувалася зміною положень умов надання допомоги: сьогодні ми спостерігаємо процес комерціалізації, який, за визначенням Кембриджського словника, є організацією чогось, що має на меті отримання прибутку. Хоча і сьогодні будь-хто може пожертвувати гроші без відшкодування, найчастіше інвестори вкладають свої гроші з тим, щоб стати бенефіціаром, кредитором та / або співвласником бізнесу.
У статті розглянуто специфіку різних типів краудфандингу (базований на пожертвах, з передбаченою винагородою, роялті, борговий, пайовий типи та ІСО), перелічені платформи, що надають відповідні послуги. Особлива увага приділяється ризикам, на які наражаються інвестори, отримувачі коштів та самі платформи в процесі краудфандингу, включно з ризиками ліквідності, шахрайства, оцінки та капіталізації. З огляду на ці та інші ризики у статті приділяється увага фінансовим інструментам, що емітуються отримувачами коштів або платформами. Зокрема, читач статті може ознайомитися з новими типами цінних паперів - SAFEs ("Проста угода про майбутній капітал") і KISSes ("Не ускладнений цінний папір"), обидва з яких є контрактними правами на акції компанії в майбутньому, аналогічно варрантам, але з невизначеним (на момент їх емісії) коефіцієнтом конвертації. Останньою проблемою, що обговорюється в статті, є законодавче регулювання даного бізнесу у США: законодавчі вимоги для інвесторів (щодо розкриття інформації) та платформи (реєстрація та ліцензування), а також обмеження для інвесторів (максимальна сума впродовж певного періоду – в залежності від їх річних доходів).
Стаття має на меті забезпечити належне розуміння складності та практичної значимості цього явища з метою сприяння розвитку краудфандингу в Україні.
Ключові слова: Толока; борговий краудфандинг; пайовий краудфандинг; ICO; SAFE; KISS.