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The European Commission published yesterday its Communication ‘’A clean planet for all – A European strategic long-term vision for a prosperous, modern, competitive and climate neutral economy’ setting the long-term strategy for greenhouse gas emissions reduction. The Communication, presented ahead of the 24th session of the Conference of the Parties, taking place in Katowice in December 2018, outlines the way forward for the EU climate, energy and transport policies and entails the EU strategy in line with the Paris Agreement that will bring forward a vision of a low carbon economy protecting the planet and its people.
CER– the Community of European Railway and Infrastructure Companies, EIM – the Association representing rail infrastructure managers in Europe and UNIFE representing the European Rail supply Industry welcome the Commission’s initiative reiterating Europe's commitment to be the global leader in worldwide climate action and acknowledge that it is crucial for policymakers to seize the opportunity to accelerate decarbonisation of the transport sector.
Rail is the most sustainable and energy-efficient low-emission transport mode and it plays a crucial role in the decarbonisation of the transport sector.. Rail is evolving as the backbone of a low-carbon, multimodal transport system in Europe and it is therefore the solution to address the current emissions gap compared to the ambition for 60% GHG reduction target by 2050 for transport, as set in the 2011 Transport White Paper.
CER, EIM and UNIFE urge the decision-makers to increase the modal share of low-emission transport modes and support the further electrification of the rail network. In addition, the support for research and innovation in the rail sector shall be continued and intensified with the extension of the Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking programme under the Horizon Europe Framework Programme 2021-2027.
The three Associations wish to present their joint Position Paper on the long-term strategy for greenhouse gases emissions reduction, which aims at highlighting the role of rail transport as a whole contributing decisively in the future crucial political discussions and decisions.


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Alison O'Neill, still from 'Nothing Gets Through'.
Thursday 12th July, 7-9pm (Doors 6:30pm) - Stills Centre for Photography, Edinburgh.
Spilt Milk are excited to be presenting eleven moving image works by eleven outstanding artists from the UK, U.S.A. Canada, and Australia.
The act of surrender has long been steeped in last-gasp machismo in a culture where giving-in is often seen as 'giving up' yet as mothers, acts of surrender are expected and often necessary. Women are taught to surrender from the moment of conception; 'let your body guide you' and in birth and motherhood, the magnificent power of surrender holds both strength and vulnerability. Mothers often surrender so much; to the needs or desires of our children, to the changes of our maternal bodies, our postpartum mental health, our economic value, and creative freedom. We let go of a certain amount of our individual identity in order to make room for this all encompassing and shared role of "mother". In this collection of moving image works we see both loss and gain, holding on and letting go through the lens of the mother/child relationship, the maternal body and identity conflicts, monotonous daily routines and the overarching delicate balance between art and motherhood.

industry_corpus2: Film & Entertainment


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Ever wondered when a user comes to you saying that he/she cannot run a DML statement, which one should be able to run with in a second.
2) Some one is holding an exclusive lock on object which user is trying to update (quite possible).
There can be many more reasons we can find upon further investigations. In this post we will see how to investigate reason 2 – If some other user is holding lock on the object which this user is trying to modify.
lets take a simple scenario.
The above session 2 will hang !!!
If a session is blocking another session, you will see block = 1 for that session. So in out case SID=49 is blocking some other session. We can also find the session which got blocked because of SID=49.
There are 2 columns ID1 and ID2. The values of ID1 and ID2 for SID=49 will match with some other SID in v$lock table. If you see carefully in our case its matching with SID=35. So SID 35 is the session which got blocked because of SID=49. Also the session which gets blocked will not be able to get its request processed. So you will see REQUEST column will have a value > 0.
So from the above analysis we can say that SID 49 is blocking SID 35.
We can directly write a query which will give the required output.
Lets understand rest of the columns in v$lock tables here.
ID1 and ID2 -> There represents the rollback segment and transaction table entries for that transaction. So when session 1 acquired the lock it got rollback segment and transaction table entry. When another session requested the same block, Oracle tried to generate a CR “Consistent read” image for the same by applying the rollback segment. But since there was exclusive lock it was not able to proceed. Unless first session relievs the lock, second session cannot proceed. So for second session its showing the value of ID1 and ID2 same as session 1 as session 2 was using the same values from rollback segment to make a CR copy.
TYPE -> This column gives the type of lock obtained on that table in which the data was locked. For more information on lock type check defination of v$lock table in Oracle references. For a session to change the data in a table it has to acquire a TX lock. This is the transaction enqueue lock.
REQUEST -> This column represent the lock mode requested by a blocking session. The value in this column gets updated only when the session is blocked. For example in our case SID=35 is being blocked so LMODE column shows a value of 0, but REQUEST column shows a value of 6. That means that SID 35 has requested lock mode 6 which has not yet assigned to it.
Some time if a session request for exclusive lock (mode 6), it might not get it because there are no Interested Transaction List (ITL) available in the block in which a user want to change data. For this user session will wait on mode 4 (shared mode) for some time and as soon as ITL is available, it will obtain the lock in mode 6.
Also in the above rows, you can see that for SID 49 and 35, there are 2 more rows and the TYPE column shows ‘TM’. There are the DML level enqueues and are acquired in lock mode 3 (Shared Row Exclusive). The lock will prevent any DDL activity on this table.
We can find the object name by getting the ID1 column value from these rows containing TM lock. 21837 in our case.
We can even get the row which is being blocked by transaction using v$session.
The above 4 components are the components of ROWID and we can generate ROWID number from there components using DBMS_ROWID package.
this was the row blocking session was trying to update.
For what reason column ROW_WAIT_OBJ# has -1 value and the other 3 columns has 0 value?
Very usefull, but I had to transfer the object_id into data_object_id first before using in the dbms_rowid.rowid_create (tested with Oracle 10.2.0.2), till then you get correct rowid!
Anyone have some SQL or script that can automate this into one job?
I don;t think this is accurate statement. Even if another session holds exclusive locks on rows of a block, Oracle can build Consistent Read Image for Select puposes. While updating and locking , the block is obtained in CUrrent mode. It if ITL (Interested Transaction List in the block header) Oracle points to the details of transaction entry such as unod segment and header etc.
what you are saying is correct. I should change that.
So if we have select query, it should be able to see correct data by generating consistent image from existnig block by applying undo.
What I meant in this context is that, 2nd session was doing DML and so it will not be able to do DML on same row by creating consistent image from UNDO.
You mean you want to see the changed block and original block for a transaction?
I think we can see that in v$bh view.
DATA_OBJECT_ID for this object is 32426.
Note that dirty column is showing "N"
This continues until it reaches to _db_block_max_cr_dba (which has value of 6 in my database). So not matter how many further sessions needs CR blocks max we will see only 6.

industry_corpus2: Computing & Telecommunications


text:
There’s nothing especially new about selling homewares, but at Nathan & Jac we’re making an exciting new twist on the concept. Imagine a place where you could get everything you need to create a stunning designer look for an entire room all in one place at the same time. Congratulations – you just imagined Nathan & Jac!
We love homewares and we love interior design. We put these two great loves together to create designer homewares that are totally going to rock your world.
Give any room in any home an instant upgrade with a bespoke designer homeware look, and enjoy the beauty and sense of character that only a true interior design expert can create.
Our interior design team has an intense passion for creating beautiful room design themes, with a variety of styles available to suit practically every taste. You will be amazed at how easy and affordable it is to give your home a bespoke designer look.
Buy a complete room package or mix and match according to what suits your own sense of style. You also have an incredible diversity of choices when you shop at Nathan & Jac.
Choose a sleek contemporary modern style, rustic earthy look, or something that fits somewhere between the two. The choice is entirely up to you, but we’ve made it possible to find anything and everything you need for adding a stunning ambience to any room.
Nathan & Jac is the future of home interior design, available to you today. Easy, affordable, and conveniently online, Nathan & Jac is your perfect home interior design partner.
When we say we have everything you need for upgrading a room, we really do mean everything.
A room is not meant to be just looked at. It is meant to be lived in, and it should look like it is. But the look of a room says a lot about whoever lives in it, so the question becomes: what do you want the look of your room to say about you?
Let the style of your room be an extension of your personality. This way your home really does feel like a home, and it will actually help people more easily relate to you.
When the rooms in your home are beautifully styled, the feeling is amazing. This is why buying homewares is not merely an expense, it is an investment in happiness.
Every time you cast your eye upon the wonderful interior design you have implemented into your home, you will feel an emotional lift. There is actually solid scientific research supporting the theory that good interior design promotes better productivity and emotional well-being.
So there are plenty of good reasons to consider beautifying your home, and at Nathan & Jac we have made that process as simple as possible.
The importance of interior design cannot be overstated. Good interior designers don’t think only about how the design elements look, but about the practical side of the design elements as well. Good interior designers understand how the elements in a room impact your lifestyle is just as important as how they look. At Nathan & Jac, we have the best interior designers and stylists.
Browse our collection and see for yourself that these are not just empty words. Find it, love it, buy it. That’s the easy three step process of updating your interior design with Nathan & Jac.

industry_corpus2: Others


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If We talk about basic 40-Inch Smart LED TV, We should include Samsung UN40J5500 and UN40J5200 on our discussion. Samsung UN40J5200 and UN40J5000 are two of the most popular choice for 40 Inch LED TV in 2015. They are also both priced at affordable price. When you consider those two TVs as your new TV set, I’m quite sure that you have question on your mind about their similarities and differences. This article try to help you finding the similarities and differences of those two TVs.
As two basic 40-Inch Smart LED TV, You can find similarities between Samsung UN40J5500 vs UN40J5200. What’s their similarities? Let’s check out the table below.
We can see that there’re few similar aspects of Samsung UN40J5500 vs UN40J5200. Do you want to know more about their similarities? Let’s talk more details about that.
Samsung UN40J5500 and UN40J5200 are completed with the same picture technology. They both use 1080p Full HD picture resolution and LED Backlight. They also come with Wide Color Enhancer technology that deliver enriched colors on the TV screen. Although We have the 4K UHD resolution as the new option, you can find that 40-Inch Full HD TV is still a good choice since the original 4K content sources are still limited while in 40-Inch screen size, there’s no big difference between 4K UHD and Full HD resolution.
They also come with the same refresh rate technology, Motion Rate 60. Motion Rate 60 is the third tier of refresh rate technology of Samsung below Motion Rate 240 and Motion Rate 120. Although It’s only third tier technology, but It still can deliver smooth fast action images in most of your movies and sports screens in 40-Inch screen.
Samsung UN40J5500 and UN40J5200 are both coming as Smart TV. They are both completed with the same Smart TV platform, 2015 Samsung Smart TV. The new 2015 Samsung Smart TV is powered by Tizen as its OS. With Tizen OS, you can run more smart functions on your TV screen as there are more and more Tizen based Smart Apps available. To connect to the internet, They are both also completed with built-in wifi that connect to your home network fast with minimum hassle.
Samsung UN40J5500 and UN40J5200 come without any 3D feature. They also come with only standard remote control. So you can only enjoy 2D entertainment on both of Samsung UN40J5500 and UN40J5200. While using standard remote, you can only control those two TVs using standard commands without ability to use Voice interaction and gesture control.
2Ch 20W is the standard speaker system that installed on most of basic LED TV. That speaker system is also installed on both of Samsung UN40J5500 and UN40J5200. The speaker system that installed on Samsung UN40J5500 and UN40J5200 is able to deliver good sound quality for most customers. But some audio enthusiast may feel that It’s not enough for them. There’s no worry about that since They can also attach additional external speaker system or soundbar so that They can get more powerful surround sound quality to satisfy their ears.
After talking about the similarities of Samsung UN40J5500 and UN40J5200, then It’s the right time to talk about their difference. What’s their differences? You can find their differences quickly on the table below.
On the table above, We can see that there’re some differences between Samsung UN40J5500 and UN40J5200. Samsung UN40J5200 was released later after Samsung UN40J5500. Do you want to talk more about their differences? Here We go.
We have talked before about the similarities on the picture technology of Samsung UN40J5500 and UN40J5200. Besides the same core picture technology, there’s a difference with additional Micro Dimming Pro that installed on Samsung UN40J5500. Micro Dimming Pro is the technology that bring more vibrant contrast on Full HD screen. It also comes to overcome “halo effect” and image distortion on the TV screen.
Samsung UN40J5500 is completed with quad-core processor, while You can’t find any quad-core processor on Samsung UN40J5200. With quad-core processor, you can get faster processing time on Samsung UN40J5500 especially when you are running heavy apps or multi-tasking process on the TV screen.
Samsung UN40J5500 offer more HDMI/USB inputs. You can find 3 HDMI and 2 USB inputs on Samsung UN40J5500, while Samsung UN40J5200 is only completed with 2 HDMI and 1 USB inputs. Is that matter? If you plan to connect more devices at the same time, then you can easily feel that have more HDMI and USB inputs is better than less HDMI/USB inputs.
As We talked about basic LED TV, then I’m quite sure that price is important factor to consider. Samsung UN40J5500 is priced at $20 higher than Samsung UN40J5200, or if we talk about percentage it’s around 5% higher. It’s not essential difference but if you only have limited budget, It’s something that you can consider.
Which Basic Samsung’s 48-Inch Smart TV to Choose?
Where to Purchase for the Best Deal?
© 2016 HDTV Comparison. All rights reserved.


text: Museum docent training requires candidates to attend an eight week training session. This training is held one day a week ( on Mondays), from 9 to 4:30, during June and July. Lectures are presented by world-renowned experts from the University of Chicago, department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations. Pre-readings are assigned each week, as well as written essay assignments and oral presentations.

industry_corpus2: Subject Education


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The Children's Chapel Ministry includes clergy, staff and members of the church who facilitate an age-appropriate, interactive Sunday School program each Sunday during the school year at 9 am in the Lower Level classrooms for children ages 4-11.
The curriculum is designed to provide children with the basic knowledge of Church teachings in Christian education, worship and service. The great stories of the Bible from both the Old and New Testaments are central to the lessons with emphasis on the life and teachings of Jesus.


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Ew! Mouse skull impalement–I’m kinda creeped out by that. But…it sounds exactly like a story that you need to write, you know? That urban version of Sleeping Beauty–very visceral, or skull-eral (which also aught to be a word since it fits here so well).
Also, for the record, mouse skull impalement is fairly gross.
Yes to the urban Sleeping Beauty!
… insultation – form of greeting used by men when they swear at each other rather than saying, ‘hello’.
Keep the mouse skull. Who knows the things that eye socket has witnessed!
Now I’m torn. Do I write about urban Sleeping Beauty, or about the rise of insultation, first among working class men, and then among the rich kid poseurs?


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The Fishman FT-2 digital chromatic tuner provides quick and accurate tuning for most instruments with a simple flip. Clip it on, flip up the display and the FT-2 powers-on. Flip it back down after you're done tuning to shut it off. The large, high-contrast, backlit display is easy to read and shows pitch with ±1 cent accuracy via tuning needles and a multi-color backlight.
It is also incredibly lightweight, weighing only 21 grams, so it won't affect your instruments tone. When flipped down to the off position, its very low profile, so you can leave it in place while you're playing and the soft clip is safe on most finishes.


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Shikany served the next course, a tranche of really nice foie gras terrine – rich in flavor, light in texture – plated with slivers of apple cured duck breast, sweet candied asparagus, fresh peas, sweet-tart berry purée, and a sprinkle of a sage and parmesan gremolata.
Chef Gervais' dish appeared deceptively simple. A soft, runny poached egg sat poised in the middle of a frothy, ocher-hued jamón ibérico broth perfumed with the smoky, chocolatey spice of the Ararat blend (which includes Urfa chile and smoked paprika). Delicate asparagus spears, tiny crisp croutons, and sprigs of marajoram floated on top. It was delicious.
Timon Balloo, who just recently did a dinner with us (Experiment #41 at Bocce Bar), showed he still had a trick or two up his sleeve. Here he rolled out a trio of veal – a slice of breast, a sliver of tongue, a nub of sweetbread (the best of the bunch) – accompanied, he claimed, with "canned peaches and peas." They were nothing of the sort; rather, a slice of burnt peach brought a savory note to the sweet fruit, while a bright green pea purée and fresh peas and favas added a verdant note.
To finish, a really nice dessert from Shikany's pastry chef, Jill Montinola. A tranche of soft cremeux was infused with the flavor of good Tupelo honey, but not overwhelmed by sweetness. Crisp apple chips, ribbons of candied fennel, a green apple sorbet, fluffy cilantro sponge cake, and a sprinke of "Lula" seaweed "snow" maintained the same deft balance.
A big thank you to Chef Shikany and all of his crew at the restaurant for welcoming us and all the other chefs who participated; to chefs David Sears, Danny Grant, Diego Oka, Timon Balloo and Mathias Gervais for being a part of this "Cobayapalooza"; and as always, most of all, to the guinea pigs whose interest and support make these kinds of events possible.

industry_corpus2: Hospitality & Catering


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My husband is a vampire. Or at least that's how it can feel with his nocturnal work schedule. (He's a paramedic and sometimes works overnight shifts from 6:30 p.m. until 6:30 a.m.). He comes home first thing in the morning and goes right to bed just as I'm starting my day. When he finally has a few days off, he'll do his best to go to bed early (before midnight) and wake up early (before noon). Those nights that he's working, I'm usually home with our 15-month old daughter, which means anything from a night out with girlfriends to even getting to the grocery store usually has to wait until he's home—and coherent.
Now, let me be clear. I miss my husband when he's working and look forward to spending time with him. But, sometimes I have no choice but to make dinner plans or appointments on his nights off, and when I do, there's always a glimmer of hurt in his eyes. He never stops me from going out, but his silence says more than if he picked a fight. However, I'd love for him to tell me how much he appreciates all I do while he's at work—from getting up at the crack of dawn with our daughter to unloading the dishwasher for the umpteenth time that week. Sometimes it feels like we're not speaking the same "love language."
It sounded like a bunch of hippy-dippy, new age speak when I first heard the phrase, but it turns out there's something to it. We took the love language quiz on Dr. Gary Chapman's website and discovered that my husband's primary love language is "Quality Time," while mine is "Words of Affirmation"—go figure. Everyone speaks in a primary love language, which simply put, is a breakdown of how you express love (and receive) love emotionally.
Words of Affirmation (needing unsolicited compliments from your partner).
Quality Time (needing undivided attention from your partner).
Acts of Service (needing your partner to do things, like laundry, that'll make your life easier).
Receiving Gifts (needing physical objects—think flowers and jewelry—to understand how much your partner cares).
Physical Touch (needing your partner to kiss, put their hand on your leg, and show PDA to feel loved by them).
According to relationship expert Dr. Karin Anderson Abrell, "Knowing each other's love language is important because we typically love people the way we like to be loved. It's natural to assume others want what we want, but that's often not the case. In fact, we sabotage our efforts toward intimacy when we don't understand what feels loving to our partner. Essentially, it's about values. Each love language demonstrates a different value."
Dr. Abrell's explanation was helpful in understanding my own reactions when I didn't feel like my husband was meeting my needs (a.k.a. not giving me "words of affirmation"). By learning our respective love languages, we're not being asked to change who we are—we're just learning how to experience things from the other's point of view.
"It's all about stepping outside of yourself and recognizing that even though you don't necessarily need as much time together as your husband does, it matters to him, and because it matters to him, it should matter to you" Abrell says. "And, of course, he needs to do the same for you. Even if it means setting reminders in his phone saying, 'Send a text of affirmation to Lauren at 2 p.m. today.' You both make the effort to love each other in the way you each want to receive love."
My husband will never be the type to set a reminder to send me a note of appreciation. He's also not exactly the type to buy into the concept of love languages—or at least admit he's bought into it. But he is the type to hear me out, let it marinate, and then out of the blue thank me for taking such good care of him and our daughter. He'll want me to think that he did it on his own and I just didn't notice.
"Adapting will come with more ease, when you realize that each of us, no matter how bonded we feel, stands as a unique individual with wants, needs, and desires," explains Laney Zukerman, empowerment and lifestyle coach/author of Lessons for an Urban Goddess. "A great beginning to learning each other's love language is to ask questions. Then, begin experimenting."
Last week, I knew my husband had a particularly brutal time at work. On his first night off, I surprised him with a home-cooked meal and hid our electronic devices, so we could just be together, uninterrupted, as we caught up on The People v. OJ Simpson. That night, when we got into bed, the lights weren't even off yet when my husband said, "I love you." Since decoding our love languages, it no longer feels like our thoughts are lost in translation.
Marriage Makeover: "TV is ruining our love life!"


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Singapore is a sovereign city-state in Southeast Asia, and the world’s only island city-state.
The official name of the country is the Republic of Singapore.
Singapore is located just south of the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is 137 kilometers north of the equator and consists of 63 islands.
Singapore has four official languages Malay, Mandarin, Tamil, and English.
As of 1 January 2017, the population of Singapore was estimated to be 5,751,186 people.
Singapore is the second most densely populated country in the world, after Monaco.
The Singapore area comprises mainland and 62 other islands. The mainland of Singapore measures 50 kilometers (31 mi) from east to west and 27 kilometers (17 mi) from north to south with 193 kilometers (120 mi) of coastline.
It is the 176th largest country in the world by area with 719.1 square kilometers (277.6 square miles).
There aren’t any other cities on any of the islands which are part of the country of Singapore, just suburbs or parks or industrial or military areas.
Kallang River, the longest river in Singapore, is just 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) long.
Singapore has no natural lakes, but reservoirs and water catchment areas have been constructed to store fresh water for Singapore’s water supply.
The highest point of Singapore is Bukit Timah Hill, with a height of 165 meters (538 feet) and made up of igneous rock, granite.
The Singapore Botanic Gardens is a 156-year-old tropical garden located at the fringe of Singapore’s main shopping belt. It is the world’s first tropical garden to be honored as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It contains the largest tropical orchid garden in the world. The Botanic Gardens has been ranked Asia’s top park attraction since 2013, by TripAdvisor Travellers’ Choice Awards. It was declared the inaugural Garden of the Year, International Garden Tourism Awards in 2012.
Gardens by the Bay is a nature park spanning 101 hectares (250 acres) of reclaimed land in central Singapore, adjacent to the Marina Reservoir. Gardens by the Bay is part of a strategy by the Singapore government to transform Singapore from a “Garden City” to a “City in a Garden”. The stated aim is to raise the quality of life by enhancing greenery and flora in the city.
Singapore. Constructed at a cost of S$63 million, the Night Safari was officially opened on 26 May 1994 and occupies 35 hectares (86 acres) of secondary rainforest adjacent to the Singapore Zoo and Upper Seletar Reservoir. The Night Safari currently houses over 2,500 animals representing over 130 species, of which 38% are threatened species.
The Singapore Flyer is a giant Ferris wheel in Singapore. Described by its operators as an observation wheel, it opened in 2008. It has 28 air-conditioned capsules, each able to accommodate 28 passengers, and incorporates a three-storey terminal building. The Flyer has an overall height of 165 metres (541 feet) and was the world’s tallest Ferris wheel until the 167.6 m (550 ft) High Roller, which is 2.6 m (9 ft) taller than the Flyer, opened on the Las Vegas Strip in Nevada, US, on 31 March 2014.
Marina Bay Sands is an integrated resort fronting Marina Bay in Singapore. At its opening in 2010, it was billed as the world’s most expensive standalone casino property at S$8 billion, including the land cost. The resort includes a 2,561-room hotel, a 120,000-square-meter (1,300,000 sq ft) convention-exhibition center, the 74,000 square meters (800,000 sq ft) The Shoppes at Marina Bay Sands mall, a museum, two large theatres, “celebrity chef” restaurants, two floating Crystal Pavilions, a skating rink, and the world’s largest atrium casino with 500 tables and 1,600 slot machines. The complex is topped by a 340-metre-long (1,120 ft) SkyPark with a capacity of 3,900 people and a 150 m (490 ft) infinity swimming pool, set on top of the world’s largest public cantilevered platform, which overhangs the north tower by 67 m (220 ft).
The Fountain of Wealth is listed by the Guinness Book of Records in 1998 as the largest fountain in the world. It is located in one of Singapore’s largest shopping malls, Suntec City.
The Merlion is a well known marketing icon of Singapore depicted as a mythical creature with a lion’s head and the body of a fish. It is widely used as a mascot and national personification of Singapore.
Independent since 1965, Singapore is Southeast Asia’s financial hub and the world’s busiest container port.
Since independence, extensive land reclamation has increased its total size by 23% (130 square kilometers / 50 square miles ), and its greening policy has covered the densely populated island with tropical flora, parks and gardens.
The country is listed as the fourth-largest financial center in the world and boasts the third-highest per capita income in the world.
It is the least corrupt in Asia and the 7th least corrupt country in the world.
In 2016 Singapore remained the most expensive city globally for the third year in a row.
Singapore has the world’s highest concentration of millionaire households, with about 16% of the households having US$1 million or more in investable assets.
Singapore Prime Minister is the highest paid government official in the world. The annual salary of the Prime Minister of Singapore is about 1.7 million US dollars in 2015.
Singapore is ranked 11th internationally and first in Asia on the UN Human Development Index.
The five stars in the national flag of Singapore represents the ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice and equality. The color red signifies brotherhood while white represents purity.
The Singapore Grand Prix is a motor race on the calendar of the FIA Formula One World Championship. The event takes place on the Marina Bay Street Circuit and was the inaugural night race and first street circuit in Asia for F1 races.
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in Singapore and it has been referred to as Disneyland with the Death Penalty.
Tree Planting Day is an annual event in Singapore which typically involves the planting of trees and shrubs in public places like housing estates, parks and schools.

industry_corpus2: Travel & Geography


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Above you can find the charger that will work with your Nikon Coolpix S550.
The factories that we use to produce our Nikon Coolpix S550 chargers in Shenzhen were selected after extensive quality tests comparing many of the major factories across China. Our products are tested to Australian electrical safety standards and are marked with the Australian C-Tick electrical safety mark, as found on products at retail stores in Australia.
All of our Nikon Coolpix S550 chargers come with a 400 Day (13 Month) 100% Money Back Guarantee.


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If there was ever a sign that the “good old days” of car shopping are over, this is it: AutoGravity recently hit one million users.
AutoGravity, for those who may not know, is a southern California startup that’s been in business since 2016. In that time its growth has been exponential: One million users, 2,000 dealers, and a healthy selection of captive and indirect lenders.
In fact the company has some significant backers. Earlier this year, Volkswagen Credit purchased a $30 million stake, joining Daimler, the parent company of Mercedes-Benz. AutoGravity has also partnered with the top five dealer groups.
It comes together within a mobile experience designed to take car buyers from research to offer in just minutes. Indeed, if you haven’t heard of AutoGravity and you’re in the market for a car, you probably should know, given the app’s popularity.
Here’s how it works: Shoppers download the app, where they browse cars and select up to four vehicles from actual dealer inventory then request loan or lease offers. The buyer then goes to the dealership, finalizes the transaction, and drives off the lot. Dealers and lenders pay a fee for each transaction, so the experience is free to consumers. According to Serge Vartanov, chief marketing officer of AutoGravity, the value of that type of service is that it makes buying a car more convenient, and eliminates what he says is “ambiguity” in financing by linking monthly payments to actual cars.
The southern California startup helps car buyers browse for cars, request loan or lease offers, then go to the dealership to finalize the deal.
But AutoGravity doesn’t go the distance, and isn’t financially transparent in terms of the final deal. The buyer still must visit the dealership to wrap things up, and that means tasks like negotiating a final price with the sales person must still be done face-to-face. In addition, offered loans include added finance costs like a dealer reserve fee, which the dealer gets for arranging financing between buyer and lender. In addition, shoppers will not escape the aftermarket sales pitch (think: paint protection).
So while the makes the first phase of the buying experience more convenient, it doesn’t solve the most pressing consumer pain points: negotiating the deal, finishing vehicle financing, and evaluating F&I add-on products. Those elements are still a part of the showroom experience – no Amazon-like e-commerce experience here.
While the AutoGravity app improves upon the painstaking process of car-buying, it doesn't completely eliminate the headache inducing hurdles of negotiating at the final stretch with a dealership salesman.
Right now for AutoGravity, however, the focus is on the mobile experience, and in making the experience inclusive, convenient and intuitive. Ultimately the app, along with a growing crowd of competing solutions, offers a mobile spin on a broken retail experience because consumers clamor for it.
According to the J.D. Power and Associates’ 2017 New Autoshopper Study, 56 percent of automotive internet shoppers conduct research on a mobile device; the average internet shopper spends 13 hours conducting automotive research online, of which more than four hours is spent on mobile devices.
Vartanov considers the company’s sudden ascension that to be, in part, evidence of a “groundbreaking evolution” in home entertainment and online shopping (think: gaming and Amazon) that has finally made its way to automotive retail.
“It has become clear that the next generation of digitally-savvy car buyers is ready for a change in the way and speed in which they buy their cars,” said Vartanov. AutoGravity, it seems, is a part of that ongoing evolution, one that works within the dealership experience.

industry_corpus2: Automobiles


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industry_corpus2: Finance & Economics


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Cee-C Slay out Classy at the One Africa Music Fest.
Cee-C who is the most popular and talked about housemate after a good run at the 2018 big brother naija is making name for herself and travelling all spears of life, the most recent one is the Dubai tour for the One Africa Music Fest and the Nairobi, Kenya tour with Leo.
The former big brother naija 2018 housemate, Cee Cee is on a progressive path since her exit from the 2018 reality show with lots of endorsement from home and abroad.
The former BBNaija housemate was with Leo in the Travel Experience to Nairobi, Kenya, before leaving for the One Africa Music Fest 2018 in Dubai.


text:
Even consumer-focused apps are used by people in business and education. See how minor changes can fine tune your app to meet the needs of these large organizations. Learn best practices for synching user-specific content on Shared iPad and how to add deep-link support for Classroom app, authentication integration via Touch ID, AppConfig driven customization, and much more.
[ Music ] Good afternoon. My name is David O'Rourke.
Thank you I think we're at the midpoint of the conference this week.
How's it going for everyone? Been worth your time? I was told something just before coming on stage so that there was no pressure. But apparently you've all hit favorite on this presentation a bit too much.
And so thank you for that, I hope it's worth your time, and I think it is because we put a lot of work putting this together.
I want to set some expectations for this presentation. We will be going over best practices. This is going to be an easy session for you guys to listen to. You can put your laptops down, there's not going to be a lot of sample code.
This session is to inspire you as to where to invest in your future app so that you can improve the marketability and approachability of your application for as many markets as possible. The two markets we're focusing on for this presentation will be business and education.
So spoiler, there's going to be a lot of us going over Shared iPad. So let's get started, we'll go into the agenda.
We're going to talk about modern app design practices, what some sorts of things customers can be looking for. We're then going to branch out to a quick overview of the Shared iPad. How does it work behind the scenes? What affect does this have on your app? What technologies do you need to adopt? That's my third bullet. And there are some specific technologies that we'll be recommending, and fortunately for you many of those technologies have been gone over after this session or later in the week, so you can come out of this talk and go directly in to hearing the gory details if you're inspired to modify your app. And there's some new opportunities to enhance your app, one that I'm particularly excited about at the end of the presentation, and I think you will be too because it will again, offer you a greater opportunity for your app to be used in ways you never anticipated. So let's talk about modernizing your application.
This is kind of a bedrock expectation for customers. We talked to a lot of customers, they give us a lot of feedback. It's really strange when they come up to us and say why doesn't such and such an app use this Apple technology? So I just want, this is not a deep insight, but I just want to remind you guys, you need to stay current, you need to stay fresh because the customers are downloading other apps from other developers that have that technology and then it kind of provides a discontinuity or a bad comparison if your app isn't using the latest and greatest that Apple offer.
I don't think I need to speak to any of the developers in the room, that's why you're all here a WWDC to find out what's new, but as a general ecosystem issue, staying current has benefits for you and your customers and is an expectation of your customers. So some example technologies, by no means the complete list of technologies that you could adopt. Auto Layout, this is still a relatively new technology it's been in several iOS releases now.
But this really helps you produce a universal app binary that can work on an iPhone and an iPad and it helps with a lot of layout rotation just a whole bunch of things get taken care of for you by Auto Layout if you invest the time. It even helps with left to right. I used to manage contacts for the desktop and we moved to Auto Layout and we got left to right to free, which was a longstanding, or right to left, or the different language directions for free, which was a longstanding request for the desktop contacts app. So, auto layout has helped us, it's helped us internally, it will help you guys.
Accessibility. I was actually talking with a former co-worker just before lunch, make sure you have accessibility in your application. This helps people that couldn't otherwise use your application. And they get quite emotional when they can see that they can finally use an app because you're offering apps to a person that may not have been able to do anything with it prior to doing this.
There's some excellent accessibility labs later this week if you'd like to look into it. Swift. This is the newest most secure, fastest runtime.
If you aren't looking at Swift, looking how to adopt Swift, go to the Swift labs this week. I think you'll be impressed.
I'm impressed with the language, it's truly stunning. I shouldn't have to tell this audience to adopt Swift, but it's again another newer technology that you should really be looking at investing in. AirPlay, particularly in the education and business environment, conference rooms, big screens behind the presenter. People want to share content. If there's room for your application to directly adopt AirPlay, do so. If you can just make your app look more interesting when it's on AirPlay, maybe being able to hide certain onscreen elements when you're sharing to a conference room. Thinking about AirPlay as, or a big screen as a destination for your application, you might want to modify the UI a little bit or have a mode that the user can put something into. Or you just directly project AirPlay.
And finally 3D Touch. This is perhaps the newest technology, newest hardware. A lot of opportunity to accelerate.
I use my 3D Touch on a daily basis. It really has made the OS quicker, snappier. And whenever I run into an app, I push hard, and there isn't you know anything happening when I push hard it's a bit of a discontinuity and it kind of throws me off my rhythm.
So look into that. Again, I want to emphasize, these are not the complete set of technologies, these are just some examples of some of the newest technologies that some apps may be lagging behind and this will impact your ability to market and sell your app into business and education.
So let's talk about a feature that I have a lot to do with and actually was able to with a fabulous team putting it together iOS 9.3 introduced the Shared iPad.
This is a huge game changer for you as developers and for education in that we can deploy iPad, the best mobile platform, into schools and they can now have multiple students share and iPad throughout the day and for different classes. This offers a huge market for the developers in the audience, because if you can make your app work better in a Shared iPad environment, you're going to have schools licensing your app in quantities that had previously been inconceivable to you. So let's talk about Shared iPad. It's introduced with iOS 9.3, it obviously continues to be supported with iOS 10. And the major goals was to allow schools to buy a cart, how many people have seen iPad cart? They're kind of cool. I saw one for the first time about 18 months ago. They load 60 iPads into a little cart, they roll it into a room and the students pull the iPad out, they use it, they put it back and then the cart rolls to a different room. A feature that was missing until iOS 9.3 was the ability for the students to have a personalized experience on each one of those iPads. With Shared iPad they can now have that and that makes the cart much more effective. Lots of schools buy fewer pieces of hardware and spend more money on the software.
I want to repeat that they can spend more money on your software because they're buying fewer pieces of hardware from us [applause].
So, the way you log in is using a new Apple ID called a managed ID. This is Managed by the school.
They set their own user list, they bind devices to their organizations. And only their accounts can log onto the iPads.
It's really cool. If you didn't go to Todd's session before my session, I recommend you review it with the video source.
He talks a lot more about Managed Apple IDs. And finally, and probably the thrust of this presentation is a Shared iPad use environment requires the data be a Cloud. So we've got the cart, everyone understand the cart? Student rolls the cart in on Monday, pulls out an iPad, they use it. Well Tuesday when the cart pulls in they may not pull out the same iPad.
If their data's not been pushed to the Cloud by your application, they won't have the experience they had on Monday.
They'll have a new iPad experience on Tuesday and that will depress them. So we're going to talk a lot about what technologies Apple offers and how Shared iPad works. So first of all let me give you a quick overview.
Again, I recommend you review Todd's session. There was a live demo of this. I have some static slides showing what a login looks like.
So a student pulls an iPad out of the cart, they see their grade, the student that I'm going to be demonstrating is Mia, she's a fourth over, fourth row down on the bottom. Spent a lot of time with Mia the past few weeks putting these slides together.
So Mia taps on her picture, Mia provides her passcode. After she's satisfied that she entered the correct passcode, the iPad gets ready for her.
If she's used this iPad before this screen is up there for a far shorter period of time. If she's going to use the iPad for the first time, this might take a little longer as it downloads data from the cloud to get her ready. When it's done downloading data form the Cloud, or the initial setup data, Mia uses the iPad for the entire class session. She uses Pages, she uses Garage Band, and she works with it as her iPad for the entire session. When Mia's done, Mia logs out. This is the opportunity that the iPad has to push the data up to the Cloud for any data that wasn't being pushed to the Cloud during the session. And so we're going to talk a little bit about what technologies Apple offers to do that. So, all of Mia's data has to be in the Cloud for this to work. Mia's using a different iPad possibly from class to class.
My kids have six periods a day. They might start in science then go to math. There might be a different cart in each one of those classes and so therefore their data has to be in the cloud for each of those iPads to be useful. Even if they use the same iPad throughout the course of the day, or throughout the course of a week, the data may be purged by the iPad because it may need to expunge users from the iPad to make room for new users to log in throughout the course of the week. So, iOS provides four core technologies that I'll be going over later that you can adopt, and be telling you about a fifth technology that you should be adopting if you don't use any of the iOS Cloud technologies. But let's go over first a review of the iPad expectations.
So, I get a lot of questions about this from engineers, both internally and here at the conference, we've been talking to people.
So what is Shared iPad? Plain and simple, it's a user switching. So we are not allowing multiple users to be logged onto the iPad simultaneously. There's only one active user session at any given time. For user to log into the iPad another user has to log out of the iPad. So it's really user switching. What do you as an app developer see? You see a single use device. You do not know you're in a Shared iPad environment, you don't need to know you're in a Shared iPad environment.
Nothing has really changed for you as an application developer. You don't need to participate in this, you don't need to do anything custom, other than move your data into the Cloud. Signing out is the moral equivalent of powering the iPad down.
So your app has shut down, it's not running in the foreground. It's just like a non-shared use iPad when the user turns the iPad off.
So if your app works well between power cycles, your app will work well in a Shared iPad environment as users log in and log out.
User data is cached on the device. Internally we started educating people, it's like volatile cache, it's not volatile when the user's logged in, it's volatile after the user's logged out. So the data may be expunged off the iPad at any given time, but while you're logged in it's a single use iPad. The data's not going to disappear out from underneath you.
And caching has some obvious benefits for performance. It works for offline, these iPads we expect to be taken on field trips.
And the data will be purged by iOS when iOS deems it necessary. So we want you to move your data to the Cloud so that Mia as she's visiting different iPads throughout the course of the day and different iPads during the course of the week and the school year has a consistent experience on all the different devices.
The iCloud technologies that we make available, or some of the four key technologies we make available are CloudKit, iCloud Drive NSUbiquitousKeyStore, KeyChain.
And as an adjunct NSURLSession. We'll talk about why that's on the list here later in the presentation.
So, you're convinced, there's a huge market for Shared iPad, when should I flush my data, when should I do the, well the goal is for you to flush the data to the Cloud while your app is still in the foreground. So as Mia's making changes, you're writing changes to the CloudKit, okay you're updating your Cloud document, you're doing whatever's appropriate for that. You can sync data during log out, and you should sync data before you receive the application will resign active event. But, generally we don't want to put all the data syncing up on the logout, it will take the logout too long.
So you should be syncing while your app's up to date. You shouldn't be batching this up to do it later because you may not get later if Mia logs out.
There is, if you adopt the iOS technologies for CloudKit, Cloud Drive, NSUbiquitousKeyStore, KeyChain, Mia's data can be synced even when Mia's not logged in.
But, we prefer her to exit clean with no dirty data. So let's talk a little bit about CloudKit. CloudKit was introduced in I believe iOS 8, correct me if I'm wrong. You can sync data, it's taken care of automatically and something that's very important that you adopt, if you adopt CloudKit is LongLivedOperations. These are a subclass of CKOperation Classes. The link to the developer documentation is on screen.
This is important if you want CloudKit to sync your data while the app is not in foreground. Now, we 've had this feature and this wasn't unique to Shared iPad, but we've leveraged this feature to also be the mechanism by which we sync data when Mia's no longer logged onto the device.
So if you most your CloudKit documents onto LongLivedOperations, you can get your data to sync using CloudKit even when your app's not running, or in the foreground, or even when Mia's no longer logged in. So, if you're going to adopt CloudKit and you're going to use CloudKit, I highly recommend you invest and work with the CloudKit engineers while you're here this week, to understand LongLivedOperations, adopt LongLivedOperations, and make your application compatible with LongLivedOperations. Cloud Documents is perhaps the easiest API to adopt, for document-based applications like Keynote or Pages.
There's very little you need to do, every managed IP has an iCloud drive. iCloud drives automatically sync.
If you are already a document based application, you're good to go for education, you've done everything you need to do.
And Mia will have all of your documents for your app available on every device that she visits. So it's simple and easy.
If you're a document-based application this is the preferred way to go. Both of these texts are sync on demand.
And this is really, really important. Mia could have several gigabytes worth of data stored in CloudKit, but she will only page the data onto the device that she accesses. So the device does not have to download all 2 gigabytes of Mia's Cloud data in order for her to use your app, if your app's only accessing a few megabytes' worth of data that you stored in Cloud data, only your app data would be pulled onto the device when your app is launched on that device for the first time. So it's very efficient, and if you think about this at scale, average US classroom has 30 to 40 students in it, you've got 30 iPads all fetching data. If they all fetch the full 2 gigabytes when they logged on, it would be relatively hard for most schools' network connections to handle that. So these are the best [inaudible] technologies, they only cache the data you use, the data stored locally.
They're really, really world-class Cloud technologies that you can integrate into your app and get your app into these important markets.
And CloudKit is suitable for large datasets. I don't know what the definition of large is, I would recommend you work with the CloudKit folks to find out if your dataset's too large. I don't think they recommend it for use of iMovie, but maybe. Maybe for smaller datasets it would be fine.
I specifically got this quote from the CloudKit lead engineer, this is in contrast to the next technology that's on the next slide, which is NSUbiquitousKeyValueStore, which is meant for smaller datasets. So I don't think you need to, unless you're doing a video editing application, I don't think you need to worry about the size of the dataset you're putting in the CloudKit. That doesn't mean that you can run amuck and do really silly things for performance, but most applications that are going to store data that are reasonable, CloudKits are perfectly suitable for that.
Let's talk about NSUbiquitousKeyValueStore. To use this requires an entitlement. It's a drop-in replacement for NSUser default.
So if you're already using NSUser defaults, you're already good to go, it should be fairly easy for you to transition to NSUbiquitousKeyValueStore.
And NSUbiquitousKeyValueStore the data is stored in the Cloud, so your app launches, it stores key values pairs in the NSUbiquitousKeyStore, your app quits, it relaunches, it gets the data back from Cloud. Your app on a different device will get the same, essentially NSUser default package when it launches on the other device. It's modelled on NSDictionary and again talking to the CloudKit engineering team, who originally did NSUbiquitousKeyStore, moved on to CloudKit, smaller payload only please. This data is not fetch on demand, it is fetched during log in. And we just really anticipate this for some lighter weight datasets used within your application that are more appropriate for an NSDictionary. If you put it in a NSDisctionary, put it in an NSUbiquitousKeyStore, if it's too big to put it into an NSDictionary, you might want to put it into CloudKit. So, as I mentioned data fetch is part of the account sign on.
There is a side effect of this, and we're going to be talking about later in the presentation, which is this also prepares your app to be managed by application management, which is the simplest summary is to talk about deploying applications in scale. If I'm an IT administrator about to deploy 1000 iPads at a major Fortune 500 company, and I want to have your app set up under default circumstance for the day 1 that I deploy it, they do it through application management.
And we'll be talking about that later in the presentation. Essentially you can get an initial application state distributed to all of the iPads via NSUbiquitousKeyValueStores.
So, I want to think of a couple use cases for NSUbiquitousKeyValueStore value or NSUbiquitousKeyValueStore, that is a mouthful.
The biggest thing is is let's think about Mia visiting an iPad, day 1 of a new school year. She launches your app, your app has some setup data.
You want to pick her favorite color, maybe have her pick a picture for her Avatar. You don't want her encountering that on every iPad that she uses throughout the year. So an idea use case for NSUbiquitousKeyValueStore is to story your app's initial setup data.
That way as your app is run on different iPads, Mia's initial preferences for your app have been saved in NSUbiquitousKeyValueStore and she does not see the application setup every time she encounters a new iPad. An example of places where we use internal of Apple is, I'm told by the Stocks team and the Weather team, we use NSUbiquitousKeyValueStore to store the ticker, list and we use it to save all the locations for where you save in Weather. Keychain. How many people are using the Keychain in their application? Quite a few. I have excellent news for you, you're done. You need do nothing, you can tune out for the next couple of minutes and check email. You don't need to do anything else. You're already good to go.
Every Managed Apple ID has a Keychain and that Keychain is synced to every device that they log into. Obviously the Keychain is there for secure user data.
And so it's the same API, same user conventions, in fact you as an app cannot tell the difference between a Shared iPad Keychain and a normal iCloud Keychain.
Same API, same usage pattern. A couple of minor things. Some people do some rare application store device only data on the Keychain. There is no such thing as device only data on a Shared iPad Keychain and we recommend you only store per user. And you must set the exportable flag or the share flag, otherwise your data will not be shared up to the thing.
But you should be storing user credentials, or user sensitive information in the Keychain, you should not be using the Keychain to store bulk data.
It's kind of the same rules as NSUbiquitousKeyValueStore. Don't use it to store bulk data. If you want to store secure bulk data, come to the labs, we can suggest some different approaches that will solve that problem. But yeah, if you're already using the Keychain, good.
If your app has user sensitive data that should probably be behind a password, or a little more secure than just putting it in a data store like CloudKit or NSUbiquitousKeyValueStore, start putting it in the Keychain, it's easy to adopt. It makes the data secure and makes it highly portable.
Finally, on the Cloud technologies to adopt, how many of you already have your own Cloud technologies that you're using rather than CloudKit.
I see quite a few. Very good. You need to make sure that either your code or the code that you're using uses NSURLsession. NSURLsession is the preferred option for doing all networking on iOS.
And it should be using it because it does so much for you. I've been at Apple quite a while. I don't want to say how long, I think a little longer than Todd has from the previous session. It does so many things for you that you don't even know that it does.
It does IPv6, it does all the metricing, and controlling, and accounting, it does data throttling, seamless network transitions.
And, I didn't even know about this until I was putting this slide together, Cisco Fast Lane support.
How many people know what that is? Yeah it's a quality of service thing that allows network administrators to prioritize network traffic. And if your app is not using NSURLsession you have to do that all yourself.
That's time you're going to spend learning something where NSURLsession's already done that. So, if you're not going to use CloudKit, you're not going to use iCloud Drive, you're not going to use the Keychain, and you're not going to use NSUbiquitousKeyValueStore, but you're motivated to move your app into the Cloud, make sure that the frameworks you're using, or the frameworks that you're writing are using NSURLsession for all of the networking.
And you will pick a best of breed network behaviors, robustness, and resiliency. So, like the LongLivedOperations in CloudKit, another advantage of moving to NSURLsession is let's go back to user switching, your app's not in the foreground. Your NSURLsession pass are not running unless you've marked them as background, or adopted background configuration. So, you have your own Cloud technology, you're not yet on NSURLsession, but you're going to move onto NSURLsession.
When you do so you can review the developer documentation that talks about how to make your NSURLsession data run in the background.
And this has two advantages to you as an app developer. Advantage number one, your data can continue to sync to your proprietary Cloud store when your app is not in the foreground. And advantage number two, your data will sync when Mia's logged out and isn't even active on your platform.
So if you're not using NSURLsession, start. And when you do start using NSURLsession, review for background usage and make sure that your app can sync data when it's not in the foreground or the user isn't even active. So, let's review.
By now I think I should have convinced you Cloud based data is essential for your app in the new Shared iPad environment, which we introduced with iOS 9.3.
This is a huge market worldwide. We know that it's being used in Australia. We know it's being used it he US.
It's rolling out to Europe. This allows Managed Apple IDs to move between devices, and we want that to be as seamless an experience as possible, and you as the app developers have a role to play there in getting your app data into the Cloud. Apple feels, and I believe we provide a complete solution.
If you don't have any of this working yet, there's nothing you need to wait for. iOS has all the baseline technologies you need to move your data into the Cloud. If you don't feel that way, come to the lab we'll try to help you out.
If you're doing your own networking of any kind, Cloud based or otherwise, please use NSURLsession. A huge amount of advantages for you in adopting those technologies. And you pick up a whole bunch of functionality. And again we don't talk about future features, like Pod in this session, but we're not done with NSURLsession. As we need more networking, it's all going to get rolled into there, and apps that are already on it are just going to ride that wave onto the next round of feature improvements to NSURLsession.
So, in addition to the Cloud, there's some additional considerations for Shared iPad that you need to do.
And this is more about changing your thinking and less about specific technologies you need to adopt. First of all, there's data separation between user accounts. Now that should seem obvious, or some people might be going duh, but I want to talk about that, because some apps, iOS 9.3 is the first release of iOS' for shared users, and well that's 9 versions of iOS prior to that that didn't, and so some apps needed to support shared users.
And they kind of wrote their own little user picker within their app. So the first thing is, is we have true data separation.
Mia cannot see Liam's data and Liam cannot see Mia's data while they are active on the device.
Therefore, this is now a tool you can use as an app developer, to where you no longer need to have your own app or multi-user picker.
There are some applications out there than when you launch it, it says are you Mia or are you Liam, and you can set multiple user data.
I think the time has passed for that. So if you are doing a multi-user application, your app should just run on a single device, it should run within the shared user mode and you'll get data separation for free and you can retire the code that's doing that sort of multi-user management.
And that avoids comingling data between Liam and Mia, which is sometimes a potential privacy issue if two different students could see each other's data.
Shared iPads have quotas. Todd had an excellent animation, I forgot to rip it off for my presentation, my apologies.
iPads will enforce quota. Now there are two types of quotas on an iPad. There's the number of accounts that can be on a Shared iPad.
That's like six, eight or ten. And there's the amount of data that can be stored per account. Why does this affect you, as you developers, well you will be getting new errors out of any file system operations you do. There's the EDQUOT error, treat it the same as ENOSPC.
So, instead of getting this full, you'll get quota errors. If your app has recovery mechanisms you have to do when you're out of disk space, treat them the same.
But this is a new error code that you might see more frequently when running in a Shared iPad environment.
Another technology that's really, really interesting in the case of Shared iPad is On-Demand Resources. If your app has On-Demand Resources, or has assets that you haven't moved into Apple's On-Demand Resources but that you download On-Demand. If you're downloading them into the user directory, and you're on an iPad with eight users, you've now duplicated that app resource eight times. Not only that, you've downloaded the resource eight times and that's burdened the school's network, multiply that times 30 iPads, you've now downloaded that 240 times.
So you really should consider moving to using On-Demand Resources. If your app moves to On-Demand Resources, you will only download an On-Demand Resource once per device. It will be downloaded for all users, current and future on that device. And more importantly it will not be deleted or purged when a particular user's account is purged by the operating system to make room for new users. So if you have large resources, or you have just in time resources, or you thinned out your app, and you're downloading those resources later, adopt ODR and you will get the resources you need onto the iPad just when you need them and you will minimize the amount of impact you've had on that iPad both local storage, the user's quota, and the school or institution's network. So this is again a screenshot form the developer documentation, talking about On-Demand Resources. I have it at the end of the slide, but I'm going to give you a preview.
I think Thursday is On-Demand Resources In-Depth. Highly recommend you attend that session if you have large assets that you want to get out of your app bundle and not download it into a user directory. Remote notifications. Again, the iPad story and the shared environment is a little different here than it has been previously, but not much. Notifications work the same as a single user iPad. So how does the Shared iPad work? It works like a single-user iPad, but logging in is like powering up the iPad and logging out is like powering down the iPad.
You won't get notifications until an iPad's logged in. And you won't get notifications if an iPad's logged out or powered down.
Same exists for log in and log out. So this is very much like your app being turned on and off on the device when the device is powered up or powered down.
Remote notifications will not be primed if your app runs at least once per device. So if Mia has only encountered the device for the first time, and your app relies on push notifications working, or remote notifications working, unless she's run that app least once on that device, she will not see the notifications. This is just like a non-Shared iPad, but I think it's going to come up more often because changing devices is now so much more easy for Mia. And signing out is like powering off as I said earlier. You will not receive remote notifications.
Why did we include a whole slide about this? I think there's some apps out there that may not work as fluidly or as smoothly as you might want without push notifications. So if you have work flows or use cases in your app that really rely on remote notifications to trigger something, something like that. Think it through evaluate your app, and see what changes you can make.
Because as Mia's moving from device to device, she may not get the push notifications until she thinks to run your app for the first time.
And if there's something you can do to help her with that, or even just document for the administrators making deployment decisions about your app, this will be very helpful.
So review your usage of remote notifications and think about how well your app would work if Mia's been working on an iPad on it for say a whole week.
And then she suddenly gets a new iPad, will your app work as well until she launches it the first time. Managed Apple ID's.
So this is a new type of Apple ID. It's set up by the institution. The institution controls the names, the institution controls the password, but there's also a set of different capabilities associated with the managed iPad.
The most important that it has is there are no commerce features. There are very few schools, very few schools that want the students purchasing music on their credit card when they deploy their application. So we've turned off the commerce application, the commerce and stuff like that. The impact for some developers is I have seen some applications put functionality behind a pay wall or put functionality behind an in-app purchase. Schools aren't going to want to license an application like that.
They're going to be deployed into an environment where the individual Apple IDs don't have any commerce. There's no credit card bound to the account, your app cannot function in that environment. Now, I'm not saying that you should do this for your general app, you may need to do a different app for schools that you license that don't require in-app purchases just for it to be fully functional.
And you should adjust your licensing and pricing appropriately. But the app itself that the school deploys should be fully functional. So don't want for commerce activity to happen before your app is fully functional.
Also check for specific frameworks and features that you need. Just don't assume that because they have an iCloud identity that they have everything. We've combed through the operating system and where things are disabled, those frameworks will return appropriate errors. A concrete example is StoreKit. If you use StoreKit and you try to use it while logged on as a Managed Apple ID, you will get an appropriate error telling you StoreKit's offline or unavailable.
So, don't assume it's all or nothing, if I have this then I have all these other services. Start checking for individual frameworks to be present that you need. If those frameworks were to return an error, how would your app behave and thank that through for this type of use case. Generally, you can follow the existing practices you've been following if you're already compatible with VPP, which is Volume Purchase Plan, and device based licensing. If your app conforms to VPP licensing and device based deployment, you're already most of the way there, if not all of the way there. But for developers that don't know about VPP and don't know about device based licensing, work with us in the labs, we can bring you up to speed. This will make your app more approachable and open up new markets for you.
And finally a quick shout out to web developers. We gave this a lot of thought. So there is a Keychain.
I love the Safari AutoFill feature that saves passwords and syncs them in the iCloud Keychain, it made it just hugely useful when we deployed that.
But we're thinking Mia logging on to a Shared iPad, and then logging on to a personal account, we may not want that password saved in the keychain where it's stored. So we've given schools the ability to list what particular websites they want to save passwords for in the Keychain. Now, consider moving it to a native app. This is overwhelmingly the best solution.
And the solution that our customers expect and your customers expect. If, however, you remain a web-based developer and web-based content, at a minimum there's some documentation update you might want to remind your customers to add your domain name to the Safari domain whitelist so that as the students set up your site for the first time, Safari will prompt them to save their password, and it will get saved into their Managed Apple ID Keychain. And then the next time they visit a different iPad and log onto your website, they won't have to provide their credentials a second time. If you do not list your website or your domain on this domain whitelist, Mia would be forced to log in every time she encounters a new iPad and that would be a frustrating experience for Mia and the school.
At a minimum there's a documentation update. At most, maybe use this as a notice that it might be time to consider moving your app to be native on the platform.
I've been talking about Shared iPad. I've been talking about business. I've been talking about the new markets that this opens up.
But I'm also going to point out, there's nothing here that's unique to Shared iPad. My assertion is is that while Cloud based data is required for Shared iPad to work functionally, all of your users will benefit from moving your app to the Cloud.
My wife, just two weeks ago face planted her iPad. We took it to the Genius Bar, they fixed it. She got a new iPad, she started setting up her apps.
The apps that didn't get Cloud data, didn't get reinstalled on her app. She just didn't have time.
And it makes it easy for them to change devices. So these changes that you're going to invest in are not just investing for Shared iPad.
This will make it better for all of your users. All of your users have Cloud data. All of your users have iCloud documents.
All of your users have Keychains. All of your users have NSUbiquitousKeyStore. Moving your application data into the Cloud is going to make it better for your entire ecosystem. And in addition to that make it more suitable for education and business use.
So business also favors the Cloud. They change devices, they change employees, they hand new devices to a different employee on Monday than was using it on Tuesday. If you can make it more rapid to set up your account and have that employee's data online and accessible on that iPad sooner rather than later, businesses are going to consider your app a favorite choice for them to deploy. So, my argument is the Cloud's a long term trend.
If you haven't considered moving your data to the Cloud, this might be the year that that's finally no longer a tenable position.
If you're already on the Cloud, review your usage and make sure that everything is working well, because we just opened up a huge new market for you with Shared iPads.
So you've done all this, you've moved your user secure data into the Keychain, you've used CloudKit to store the bulk data, because you're not using NSUbiquitousKeyStore for that.
You've used NSUbiquitousKeyStore to store your apps initial settings. And you took all your custom networking you moved it up onto NSURLsession. You moved up background tasks for it so that it runs when your app's not in the foreground.
Now you need to test it. Make sure that it all actually works. So here's some high-level recommendations on how to test for the app. And there are basically three methods of testing that all boil down to the same method, but we'll go through them one by.
Two devices. iPad a, iPad b. You install your app on iPad a, set up an iCloud identity.
Run your app. Go through the cycle of storing your data. Maybe your stock app, you store your ticker information, you do all of that sort of stuff. Wait for it to sync. Launch iPad b, log onto the same account, launch your application and see if your data shows up on iCloud b. If not commence the debugging cycle. If it does work, great, you're done.
And that will allow you, so basically two different devices with the same iCloud identity is all you need to test to verify that your app's working in a Shared iPad environment.
If you don't have two devices, or you just don't want to bother with two devices, you can do the same sort of testing by adding your app, setting up all the data, waiting for the app to sync the data, delete the app and add the app back to the device. That will pull all of the data back.
That will pull the NSUbiquitousKeyValueStore, the CloudKit, the Cloud documents. All of that data will come back.
If all of that data comes back, again you can check off the box that says you've moved your data to the Cloud. In an extrema case, and most of you in the audience realize this is just a variation on these things. If you really want to know that you've really nailed this, you can erase the iPad between testing sessions. I don't think that's necessary, but I just put it here for completeness.
That's really kind of the acid test. Set up your iPad get a whole bunch of data in it. Trust that your Cloud is working, trust that Apple stored the data for you, blow the device away, set it up from scratch again. Does all your data come back? You're in great shape. If your app can pass that sort of test, you have nailed the Shared iPad case and made things better for your consumer users. So verify all of your app's functionality. Verify there's no data loss.
Verify offline works. So put the iPad into airplane mode and verify that your user CloudKit, that all the data syncs later when you take it out of airplane mode. Verify your app never asks you for the setup screen again. A very simple test.
Install your app, run through the setup screen, delete your app, relaunch your app. Do you get the setup screen? Not done yet. So testing's important. Moving into the Cloud's a very big deal.
Once it's there I think you'll be very satisfied with the results and here's some help. If you want more help or more assistance, again there's a lab right after this. We'll all be there to answer questions for you. This was a plea, we had a lot of this from the internal developers. Log out actually tries to do an orderly shutdown of everybody's app.
If you're leaking UI background tasks, logout can't complete. And this is upsetting to people. Liam can't log in until Mia's logout session is finished.
If you're leaking UI background tasks, your app cannot be terminated. It will eventually time out.
It will eventually be killed. But that's not good for anybody. So make sure you're not leaking UI background tasks, because those will block logout. So, that's the technologies you need to adopt and the changes you need to make.
And all of these changes make it better for Shared iPad and business use case, but they're kind of the bare minimum changes you need to be useful in those environments. The work that you're going to do is also useful for even your consumer use case.
So the good news is is this sort of investment is not just for education and business, it's also for your consumer use case. And it will become baseline for your application.
Now there's opportunities to go beyond the minimum requirements of putting your data in the Cloud and you can really, really have your app be world class and be a preferred choice for potential licensers. Like going beyond just adopting the Cloud and adopting some of the newer technologies this year.
The first and most exciting technology, how many people were in the session before this with Todd? Oh, good. A good number, the classroom app, one of the most exciting apps. It's kind of silly but it's really kind of cool to be God and sit up there with the Classroom app and control an entire lab form an iPad is really, really kind of very powerful. And one of the key technologies that Classroom app leverages is Universal Links. Universal Links is not new with iOS 9.3, it was introduced with iOS 9.
And it provides a feature that allows you to share external links back to your application off the device. It also enables sharing and searching inside your app on the device. It's a huge advantage for you to adopt Universal Links. What's new this year is we've built on Universal Links as a basic understanding that a lot of apps support this. And universal links is one of the key features that Classroom leverages to guide your app, or control your app while in a classroom situation. So if your app supports Universal Links, a teacher anywhere in the world can decide your app is the coolest app in the world, and she can integrate your app into her course curriculum. And she will then use that with the Classroom app to use your app during the session. This will make your app world class and the most desirable app in the App Store for the school to license.
If you can't use Universal Links, it will make it harder for a teachers to integrate your app into their curriculum and harder for them to use it with the Classroom app.
And therefore this is an opportunity for you to surprise and delight your customers in that your app will work really well in a classroom situation. But the key to this is Universal Links. And just like the Cloud stuff this is beneficial for your app in or out of a shared use case environment, but this is more evidence that we're piling on these core technologies to make your app as useful as possible. Another new feature with iOS 9.3.2, some app developers do automatic assessment apps, these are apps that do standardized testing or assessment of a student. They put it in full screen mode, they lock it down. We've made some changes to make this more accessible.
The biggest change is you can now be in automatic assessment app without being on a supervised iPad.
You get an entitlement for this, you can request it. And in particular you can now call an API to request different keyboard features.
Like you may not want a spelling app allowing auto correction happening while the student is being assessed for their spelling test.
So apps can now drive this. They can request an entitlement for this and more importantly it's no longer restricted to just shared, or supervised iPads it can run on any iPad. And so if you're an assessment-based application or were considering being an assessment-based application, iOS 9.3.2 has opened up more opportunities for you. Again come to the lab, we can give you more details. But that's part of iOS 9.3.2.
Managed App Configuration. This was introduced with iOS 7 and basically what this does is allows administrator to blast initial app settings out to thousands, or hundreds, or tens of thousands of iPads so that every app starts in an initial configuration.
It's really simple to adopt. There's just an additional key in your NSUser defaults. If you see that key, the key points to an app specific dictionary that you, as the developer, control. And the administrator who set up those things will provide the default dictionary for your app. The problem was is there was different ways that MDM vendors chose to send this information, configuration this information on how to package it. So new for this year is there's a community, not affiliated with Apple, but we're a participant, where all the various MDM, Mobile Device Management server vendors are standardizing the payloads.
The standardization efforts documented at the URL you see here on the website. The biggest advantage is you can now have a single app that supports multiple MDM vendors. And as I was researching this presentation and I'm new to the device management realm within the past 18 months.
I was surprised to find out that this was the case. So right now there's an app in the App Store, today, we're not making this up, that has this many SKU's.
Now what I can tell you is they're not using auto layout so that's why they have a different screen on iPhone and an iPad app.
But the six that you see, and you see each one of these six icons represents a different MDM server that they have to support.
So, as you can imagine this is a bit of a nightmare for them to maintain. So by moving onto the new app, the managed application consortium, they should be able to turn their apps from this into this. They can have one version for the phone that supports all the MDM vendors and they can have one version for the iPad that supports all the MDMs.
So that would be a huge advantage alone. If they move onto Auto Layout and use all of Apple's latest technologies, they should be able to do this.
That would be one SKU in the App Store that supports all the different screen sizes and also can be managed from all of the major MDM server vendors.
So if you're going to go into this market and you want your app to be managed through application management, look into the new consortium, work with them and learn to adopt what they've got. So, in conclusion, along with Shared iPad, I hope to leave you with a message that regards to what market you're selling into the iOS ecosystem is rich, it's vibrant, it's profitable, it's open to everybody. But it's also very demanding in that customers expect a lot.
They expect Auto Layout, they expect the flexibility, they expect you to be on Swift, they want AirPlay, they want 3D touch.
And this year, new right over here, SiriKit. So that's another technology. What can your app do with Siri that could be revolutionary in an educational business environment for you to adopt SiriKit? So keep your app fresh.
Keep your app vibrant. Adopt the cloud technologies. And what you're doing is making your app better for your consumers and better for business use and institutional use, and in particular, education. So, I appreciate your time.
I've really enjoyed speaking to you. I'll be happy to answer questions in the lab later if you have any.
I have co-workers there and I have some guidance for you. So there will be links, any links found in this session will be at this link.
And here's a little roadmap of either stuff to review on video if you've already missed it, or stuff that's upcoming. So we've got What's New in Apple Device Management, you're going to have to review that on video if you didn't see it. Improving Existing Apps with Modern Best Practices. This is at 3 p.m. immediately following this session.
So this will be a more in-depth view of the best modern implementation techniques for apps.
Optimizing the use of On-Demand Resources is happening Thursday. Extending your App with SiriKit is happening on Thursday. What's New in CloudKit, Thursday.
CloudKit Best Practices. If you're going to move your app into the Cloud these are the engineers that are going to tell you in gory detail how to do it. Again, thank you for your time, and I appreciate you attending.


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Maybe we mentioned this before, but Mikey is one of the youngest pilgrims by far on this particular Camino. Now, to be fair, 1) it is prior to Summer break, so most students are still finishing coursework; 2) the Via de la Plata is the longest Camino in Spain, so most young employed persons would find it hard to take such a long break. Ergo, it’s just Mikey and the retirees against the world!
But sometimes this gets (no pun intended) tiresome. For instance, we stayed in the hilariously small village of Aldea del Cano last night with 5 older German pilgrims. None spoke Spanish or English, so communications were difficult, but what isn’t for the pilgrim?
The early birds like us got to enjoy the sunrise on the trail. These blocks are massive stepping stones for crossing this creek. Still, Mikey saw them more as Olympic medal podiums and serenaded us with an abbreviated Star Spangled Banner from the highest one.
VP stands for the “Via de la Plata” which, although very similar and oftentimes concurrent with our Camino, is not the same path. Rather, the Via de la Plata as a hiking route heads due north and ends in Gijón – a town Mikey stayed in for a couple of nights last year. Although the two routes differ somewhat, they stay pretty true to the ancient Roman roads.
The Romans must have been elated with this part of Spain given how flat it is. Seriously, this is some of the flattest terrains we have witnessed in all of Iberia.
It is also extremely picturesque. The constant wildflowers and blue skies are quite dazzling.
Speaking of photogenic, check out the lady who’s hiding in the shade. She was quite a gentle spirit and smart to stay away from the noonday sun.
We also found another Roman bridge that has been kept in use. It was a nice segue from the trail into town.
Cáceres is a wonderfully ancient city that has a plethora of sights. Above is the Plaza Mayor which serves as the center of the old town.
This is one of the university buildings. Yes, it’s kind of pretty, but we were more into all the storks nesting in and around its belfries.
This is the Church of San Francisco Javier.
This is the Cathedral of Saint Mary. As you may notice – it’s pretty busy for a Saturday afternoon. That’s because the town was having its spring festival this weekend and there was absolutely no room in the inns. Like, we checked online, called around, and even walked the streets to no avail.
The next town was a little over two hours away, so we grabbed a quick kebab lunch and made our exit, shaking the proverbial dust from our sandals.
Oh, but there was this one kind of odd section we walked through on our way out. It was a neighborhood that paid respects to the washerwomen of the town.
And then we were out on the open road!
No, like it was the side of a somewhat highway. For over an hour, we had to walk on the shoulder of a highway on top of hard and hot asphalt. It just wasn’t the ideal unexpected leg of today’s hike.
Then, about 4km before the town, a gravel path mercifully presented itself and we hobbled along it into the town.
As it was already late, we showered and went to dinner. This was the first course, but Mikey is pretty sure that anything would have tasted wonderful by this point. So, it’s off to bed on a top bunk where we luckily snagged the second to last spot at the hostel. Goodnight, dear reader.


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Boston hotels near Fenway Park give you total convenience, whether you're watching a Red Sox game or attending a summer concert at the famous ball park.
If you want to enjoy the neighborhood's lively bars, clubs, and restaurants along Lansdowne, Ipswich, and Boylston Streets without worrying about having a designated driver, you can easily walk to several of these Fenway hotels in just a few minutes.
Rates at our recommended hotels near Fenway Park range from budget to luxury, and everything in between.
For the biggest bargains, make reservations in a hotel close to Fenway Park when the Red Sox are not playing home games and cheap rates become easy to find, especially during colder months.
We've also included a few hotels a bit further away from the ball park to give you additional choices, espcially at the affordable end of the price range.
And, last but not least, we've included the Fenway Park events schedule.
Hotel Commonwealth Boston, only 2 blocks from Fenway Park, gives you an appealing mix of luxury and great Fenway Park views, thanks to a recent expansion and makeover.
You can expect plush linens, elegant decor, top service, and a super onsite restaurant.
For an extra splurge, book the huge Fenway Park Suite with memorable views from the balcony overlooking the ball park.
The hotel faces onto lively Commonwealth Ave Mall, and is just steps away from the subway's Green Line if you're visiting Boston University.
You'll also be close to Symphony Hall, Museum of Fine Arts, and trendy Back Bay/Newbury Street shopping.
If you're looking for the cheapest hotel near Fenway Park, the Boston Buckminster Hotel usually offers the lowest rates, and is only a short block and a half away - a 2-minute walk, tops. You can see the famed ballpark from the hotel's back windows.
No fancy decor here . . . but a super location, pleasant staff, and budget-friendly rates make the Buckminster a perennial top choice. The hotel's cool shape means some rooms are especially spacious.
The Buckminster also sports a perfect location for House of Blues. If you're visiting Boston University, hop on the T's Green Line (Boston's subway) right outside the hotel, ride for a couple of stops, and you'll be there - although you get there on foot just as easily.
A location next to Fenway Park, a cool rock-and-roll vibe, and a trendy Japanese bar and grill make the Verb Hotel one of the hippest places to stay in the city.
You'll also like the outdoor swimming pool, and the Boylston Street location that puts you within an easy 2-5 minute walk from some of the city's best sports bars.
The Residence Inn Fenway, one of Boston's newest hotels, is particularly popular with families and groups of friends because of its spacious suites, top amenities, and rooftop bar overlooking Fenway Park.
Located just around the corner from Fenway Park, the 175-room and suite Residence Inn has an indoor pool, pet-friendly policies, and a super-convenient location which is also close to the Longwood Medical Area, Boston University, and Northeastern University.
Request room with a view of Fenway Park, explore the terrific restaurants along nearby Boylston Street, and enjoy some of the best sports bars in the city.
Located about half a mile from Fenway Park on Commonwealth Avenue, at the western edge of Boston's Back Bay neighborhood, the luxurious Eliot Hotel offers guestrooms and suites perfect for families and groups. You can often find 1-bedroom suites here for about the same rates you'd pay for just a room at other nearby hotels.
The Eliot is also close to Boston University and downtown Boston, yet offers all of the amenities of Back Bay: world-class shopping, a huge choice of restaurants, and the beautiful trees, statues, and mansions along Commonwealth Avenue Mall right outside the Eliot's door.
Hotels with Outdoor Swimming Pools - Get more fun for your money!


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Successful interior design is one of the most rewarding things that homeowners can do for themselves. Whether adding new curtains or putting up some new pictures, there is a lot you can do to add a new look to your home. Read this article for useful advice on how you can decorate your home like the house on a magazine cover!
A good interior planning tip is to always think of what your going to use a room for. For example, a colorful palette of primary colors is well-suited for a playroom or child’s bedroom. However, these colors probably won’t mesh well in a library.
Reduce your interior design budget by looking for lower-cost alternatives to high-cost additions. Top of the line decor can cost an arm and a leg, but you may find cheaper alternatives without the designer name brands. Go with the designer brands only if you cannot find comparable quality offered at a lower price point.
When you are decorating a room, remember that creating a mood should be your goal. Think of a mood and stick with it when choosing items for the room. For instance, if you’re trying to create a tranquil atmosphere, choose colors that are soft and warm.
If you are decorating a room in your home, you should ensure that all of the colors you choose work well together. You can find advice on what colors you should never combine online and in decorating magazines if you are not sure. Avoid using a lot of bold colors in a single room.
Keep your room’s lighting in mind. When designing a windowless room, use light shades of paint so the room does not look cave-like.
Include several patterns or textures into a room when you are designing it. Pattern and texture accent different surfaces, such as glass and wood, while drawing attention to attractive details. Creativity with textures and patterns is a great way to update the look of a room.
You can save yourself money by purchasing equivalent items from mass merchants. It can cost a lot to get designer furniture but there are also imitation pieces that will cost you less. Designer brands are a great option for one-of-a-kind pieces that can’t be found anywhere else.
De-cluttering is the best way to get prepared for doing interior design. Nearly ever home could benefit from having a good clean-up. Try to get rid of things that you do not use anymore. You can donate your extra things to a charity or even have a garage sale!
Do not overlook small details. Small things can sometimes have a big impact. You could just change the small things in a room and still give it a whole new look.
Avoid clutter at all costs. An overabundance of accessories or furniture often causes rooms to feel smaller than they truly are. Rather, choose fewer items in order to maintain an airy feel.
No matter where you begin, once you start redecorating your home, it can look great. You can express your creative side through interior planning. Hopefully the tips in this article have given you some excellent ideas for getting started with your interior decorating plans.

industry_corpus2: Real Estate & Construction