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text:
$80 / 1st hour — Are you curious about cuddling but apprehensive to make the investment in yourselves. This is the option for you. Try it out and see if you like it. I promise you will!
$60 / 30 min— This is a great option if you do not have time to meet in person but would welcome some face time to discuss concerns or current stresses that may be ailing you. Perhaps a little guided meditation is what you need or you just want to hear my soothing voice.
$75 / 30 min — Was it a grueling morning full of meetings, disgruntled clients and deadlines? This is a perfect cuddle if you only have a short amount of time to spare and need a serious recharge.
Please email for price — Do you have goals that you struggle to meet? We will explore your needs, desires, skills and thought processes to assist you in making real lasting changes. There are many programs to fit individual needs.

industry_corpus2: Others


text:
I wasn’t one of those kids that loved legos or other types of building blocks when I was growing up. In fact, I was more interested in puzzles and how things go together, or how they create a whole. Problem-solving and creating were more my bent. So it is no surprise to me that my favorite part of the real estate business is development. I love the idea of finding a piece of land, figuring out how all the pieces will go together, why it will work and how to create a space that thrives with and for people.
My tour of the Port Covington Development yesterday, hosted by Weller Development, was an extraordinary opportunity to see first-hand the development process and vision that go hand-in-hand with creating community. Formerly a desolate, overgrown industrial area in a prime location on waterfront property, Weller Development has taken the land and created a master plan that includes office, entertainment, restaurants, innovation and incubation. It’s a magnificent strategy to revive the area and create a new and unique community.
I was honored to take this tour with CREWBaltimore members Karen Pecoraro, ATC Group Services, Lisa Goodwin, MRP Industrial, Katherine Pinkard, Pinkard Properties as well as Karen Deeley, MacKenzie Commercial Real Estate Services. Secretary of Labor, Licensing and Regulation for the State of Maryland Kelly Schulz joined us along with Michael Harrison, Policy Director for the department.
I truly appreciate how Weller Development is approaching this initiative in that they are retaining the best historic aspects of existing structures and land, while building a unique modern community. They are committed to leveraging the waterfront as a place to enjoy and relax integrated into the overall plan with 40 acres of green spaces! And it’s not just about buildings and the green space, it’s about experience. It’s about hospitality. It’s about placemaking. They will activate the space with entertainment and events. This new development seeks to be a singular waterfront experience for those looking to find a new way to appreciate Baltimore; a different vantage point for enjoying a meal and a exceptional place to live/work/play.
CREW Network CEO Wendy Mann with fellow tour participants at the Under Armour Project Lighthouse.
Our tour included stops at the incubator space called City Garage, which was formerly the repair shop for city vehicles. The space boasts companies in robotics, skateboards, augmented/virtual reality and Hungry Harvest. There is co-working space available, too. We stopped by for a visit to Under Armour Project Lighthouse, an innovation center where they are developing cutting edge technologies for manufacturing. We also stopped by the Foundry, a massive workshop area where craftsmen/women can reserve time to use equipment for welding, woodworking and other crafts. The aspect that I liked most about this space is that they are using it for workforce training to help get more individuals trained in the trades to support construction. Matt Rienzo, vice president of operations, our tour guide, estimated that Weller Development will need 50,000 construction workers over the life of the project.
The final stop was the Sagamore Spirit Distillery. Sagamore Rye is distilled right on property and the tour was very educational. As a non-whiskey drinker, I learned a great deal including the fact that I still do not enjoy drinking whiskey. But it was a great experience—I recommend!
Thanks to our partners at Weller Development and CREWBaltimore. This was a great way to experience development on the front end. I look forward to watching Port Covington grow and transform.

industry_corpus2: Real Estate & Construction


text:
Minerals are naturally occurring cristals and therewith chemically and structurally homogenic parts of stones. Minerals can be divided into ten groups, like for example in elements (groups I), halogenids (group III) or in phosphate (group VIII).
The Grube Clara in Oberwolfach, source of the stones on the stockpiles, is characterized through its very high variety on minerals, which comprehend at the moment 375 different types of minerals. A list of all minerals found in the Grube Clara can be found here. Furthermore, the Mineralienatlas gives further information about the most important features of all types of minerals. If you are interested in the beauty of minerals under the microscope, we recommend the following website with a vast variety of Mineralienfotos.
Barite, or also heavy spar, is the most frequently occurring mineral in the Grube Clara and is characterized by its high density. Often barite builds transparent cristals, which can also be coloured in other colours when other minerals has influenced the stone.
Malachite is a mineral of the carbonate class with the chemical substance (Cu[(OH)2(CO3]. Malachite is created in the oxidation zone of copper fields and is therewith a secondary mineral. Its principal characteristic is its deep or bright green colour.
Fluorite, or in German also Flussspat, is the Calcium salt of hydrofluoric acid and is known under the chemical formula CaF2. Pure fluorite is transparent, but can also have some colours due to introduction of othe minerals. In UV-light, fluorite shows a strong fluorescence.
Silver is a chemical element and an easily malleable heavy metal with very high electrical and chemical conductivity. At the American continent, or to be more concrete, in Mexico, the USA, Canada, Bolivia and Peru can be found the most important silver deposits.
Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in the Earth’s crust, is chemically described as SiO2 and has a pronounced cristal structure in diverse forms and colours. Quartz is also characterized through its hardness and its missing fissility.
Skorodite is a secondary mineral in the mineral class of phosphats, arsenates and vanadates and is a quite rare mineral. Skorodite is a typical part of oxidation zones of ore deposits with arsenic and iron content and can therefore be found in many locations across Germany (Black Forest, Sachsen, Fichtelgebirge…).

industry_corpus2: Mining


text:
It was kind of exciting last weekend when the temperatures got up into the 50's. Sadly, that seems to have awakened the stink bugs. One night this week, I got out my two madeleines for dessert, placed them on a plate on the kitchen counter, measured out the tea for our evening tea, turned around, and there it was, a stinky atop my cookies. I was so angry. Not just because stinky ruined dessert but because they were freshly baked madeleines using a new recipe and stupid stinky made me throw out 2 of the precious 20 madeleines.
After successfully hiding for 30 years, the High School Reunion Committee found me on Facebook. I have no idea how when I no longer use my maiden name and the only high school friend I've stayed in touch with knows how I feel about revealing my whereabouts to high school people. Surprisingly, SP did not get a FB Reunion Invite even though the person clearly knows we are married (the message said "love to have you & SP join us!" Puke. No way. I declined the invite then double and triple checked my FB privacy settings.
Dessert: Madeleines. Leftover holiday candy.
We watched Logan Lucky and it was more entertaining than we expected, especially watching Daniel Craig.
This Is Us had me crying at the end of Tuesday's episode. I don't know why I watch when it makes me cry. I guess because it's a really good show. I suppose I better have lots of tissues nearby for the post-Super Bowl episode.
If we were on Amazing Race, we'd still be trying to sail that tiny boat out to the buoys. That looked hard. I felt terrible for the poor Team Yale girl who struggled and then got bopped in the mouth by the metal pole and her front tooth chipped. Also, being the team member stuck in the stockade looked worse than being the team member who had to build the trebuchet.
I'm caught up on library books.
I'm slowly making my way through the magazine pile. Very slowly.


text:
Kerry Blue Terrier Weight : 33 - 37 lbs.
Kerry Blue Terrier Colors : Any shade of blue, with or without black points; a small white patch on chest is acceptable.
Coat: Is very curly, soft and thick. There is no undercoat. Puppies are born black, and after a year to a year and a half the coat changes color to blue.
Character: The Kerry Blue Terrier is intelligent, self-confident, brave, and has a good memory. It bonds closely with its handler. It can be somewhat obstinate, has a mind of its own, and is somewhat contentious with other dogs. Barking is infrequent.
Temperament: It is necessary to socialize the dog early with children, household pets, and cats in order to avoid problems down. road. Most Kerry Blue Terriers prefer to be the only dog in the family.
Care: Occasional grooming with a brush and comb is required. In addition, it will need to be trimmed with a pair of. scissors and a trimmer. This dog does not shed.
Training: Its handler must be very confident. It must be trained to ignore its natural inclination to fight other dogs. It has a knack for sports such as catch and agility training.
Activity: Being a sporty dog, it enjoys long walks, but can go the occasional week without strenuous exercise.
Description : Kerry Blue Terriers are a gentle, lovable and intelligent breed. Know as all-round working and utility terriers, they successfully herd sheep and cattle. The hair is rich and long on the face and the coat is curly gray. Outgoing and affectionate towards its family, the Kerry Blue Terrier is known to give big wet kisses. Puppies are born black and begin to change colors between nine months and two years to red, brown or gray and then, finally, to Kerry blue.

industry_corpus2: Agriculture & Fisheries


text:
Audio components from Spectral have evolved for decades with a continuous research program that includes auditioning live music at recording sessions and careful listening trials though a variety of reference sound systems. The knowledge from this work has become an essential part of creating and evaluating promising technical concepts, new circuits and testing methods. The very best candidates, those with greatest potential to preserve a live music experience become parts of Spectral technology used to create new state-of-the-art audio products. This background work has substantiated the benefits of new semiconductors manufactured with recently developed manufacturing processes and their inclusion to make hybrid surface mount and through-hole amplifying circuits with exceptional performance. Our laboratory tests that correlate to human hearing and use music-like waveforms verify their technical advantage. The most promising circuits, those accurately conveying robust dynamics and transparency along with superlative detail and staging have become part of Spectral design and the creation of an exceptionally fine new audio amplifier, the Spectral DMA-260 Series 2 Reference.
In developing new and advanced amplifier topologies, we are constantly researching available semiconductor transistors for premium devices which will be superior in Spectral high-speed analog applications, including a new generation of SMT transistors. Many of these surface mount semiconductors we could use for new designs have quicker responses and possess excellent amplification potential, yet their inclusion into carefully designed Spectral circuits would not live up to our expectations. Many were found to damage resolution and clarity. We believed that perhaps thermal stress and charge settling might be responsible since electronic evolution has favored smaller semiconductors whose junctions might respond to transient heating and produce thermally active errors. To explore this possibility we developed new sophisticated sampling tests at Spectral using simulated music waveforms to screen promising new semiconductor devices. A typical evaluation would create isolated transient events at semiconductor junctions so that heating would be similar to that from amplifying music and correction responses expected from loudspeaker loads. Such events require responses that demand brief energy bursts, which produce quick temperature surges. Then junction voltages, which should be constant might change to memorialize the event and to initiate error responses or thermal tails. Since most integrated circuit op-amp amplifiers have similar difficulties, the test methodology was made practical from working with these consumer devices. Performance limits became quantified to hearing acuity as well as human perceptual ability. These new test methodologies have now consistently verified the Spectral philosophy of inherently fast - low stress amplification to achieve ultimate resolution and accuracy. When instantaneous waveform accuracy is achieved at parts-per-million, the listening experience can become most detailed, transparent and involving. Our search for superior amplification devices led us to recent discrete semiconductors intended for premium television and computer displays. Their hefty construction and advanced manufacturing processes create a substantial and very fast device that is free of thermal tail and memorialization of error issues. These new devices can be operated over a wide range of voltages and currents while being capable of excellent gain linearity, quickness and ability to amplifiy very high frequencies. The DMA-260 achieves its unmatched clarity and resolution from a combination of these breakthrough performances.
In the course of development work for the DMA-260, many different semiconductor technologies and manufacturing processes have been researched. Most promising were those featuring breakthrough manufacturing processes and computed chip geometries that produced excellent tests from both traditional tone tests and our recently developed music related test methodology. Best examples from this work often spawned unique or new circuits whose design integration required computed “re-designs” that would change many resistors and capacitors in the test amplifier. Each experiment might include new JFET, CMOS or Bipolar devices, but unlike traditional parts swapping, the test platform would be a well thought out optimum design prototype that could be realistically compared to a highly evolved Spectral reference component. The result of this research effort is the Spectral High-speed Hybrid Amplifier driver module, and ideally optimised topology using the finest available transistors from both SMT and traditional leaded component technologies. In the new SHHA driver module, surface mount technologies are essential to fully utilize the new faster devices that have been successfully tested. The SHHA driver module provides greater parts density where needed and its layouts have become more purposeful than our previous drivers. Exemplary staging and quiet amplification are hallmarks of this technology as left and right channels are extremely well isolated and free of interferences. Inherent miniaturization makes room for more and better support circuits used to regulate the amplifier, its voltages and currents, as well as to cancel magnetic fields and block electrostatic interactions that might propagate from signal, power and speaker cables. All Spectral amplifiers employ similar environmental isolation strategies, but additional fine tuning from the SHHA surface mount hybrid technology greatly improves this ability. It also provides tight thermal coupling to evenly distribute temperatures, allowing higher biasing currents that improve dynamic headroom. The important gain path from microvolt sensitive JFET devices to the powerful compact MOSFET output section is now direct and clean for effortless amplification. All combined, the new hybrid surface mount construction and advanced active devices of the SHHA driver improve accuracy, speed, power capability and provide greater stability margins that are necessary for supporting the DMA-260 ‘Focused Array’ high-speed, high-current output.
All connections to the DMA-260 have internal interfaces to assure ideal conditioning as well as optimum transmission of audio signals and power. The crossing points or matching networks also remove interferences that would otherwise enter sensitive circuitry and create unwanted signal propagation and noise. Traditional solid state amplifiers have always employed output terminating networks to provide an impedance or compliance to accommodate the load of the speaker cable and crossover in order to protect the amplifier. Unfortunately, the problems associated with using conventional output networks are severe, ranging from non-linear and unpredictable loading behavior to magnetic field propagation and noise. All these problems will degrade amplifier performance and sonics. In Spectral amplifiers the sources of these distortions are eliminated. Stabilizing networks, resistors, chokes and inductors are replaced with tailored precision woven cables which eliminate non-linearities, noise propagation and magnetic fields. Now the signal from the output devices to the cable load is pristine, isolated and uncompromised by passive component problems.
Spectral amplifiers beginning with the first of its kind DMA-180 have unique timed or focused power architectures. Their circuitry, including choice of fast CMOS output semiconductors and construction layout assure responses from all power parts arrive equally to the speakers and the internal feedback components. To do this, each output device has its own isolated power supply source and field cancelling layout. Groups of these are placed for coincident timing so that responses can be precise and simultaneous. Their field cancelling design assures their actions do not propagate noise to the sensitive input circuitry and feedback components. Heavy shielding is unnecessary. Since these configurations operate so quick, our internal interface cables provide precise impedance and compliance to eliminate unpredictable loading behaviors. Old solid state designs use coils for this purpose but their magnetic field propagation degrades performance. Heroic massive machined chassis construction might improve the problem but is simply not necessary except for cosmetic decoration. The focused power architecture, woven and terminated interface cables along with sophisticated signal and routing of Spectral designs and contruction provide safety and extreme internal noise isolation. Crossover transitions between positive and negative FETS are smooth and small signal feedback circuits operate in a ultra-quiet environment to eliminate overcorrection responses typical in other high-end amplifier designs.
The DMA-260 uses sophisticated electrical and mechanical construction to achieve precise interface to the outside world while maintaining extreme internal isolation of sensitive signals and powering. Massive machined chassis construction common in todays high-end amplifiers is inefficient and proven unnecessary to achieve state-of-the-art isolation and signal purity. The silent operating environment of the DMA-260 contributes to a level of transparency and signal purity which is unmatched by other highend amplifier topologies.
Quick response and instantaneous accuracy to the original music waveforms of live signals are the hallmark of well crafted high resolution recordings. The same requirements are necessary for reproduction. A large inherent bandwidth that is not forced by excessive correction or feedback is an essential performance foundation as it can avoid having to confront many technical complications with negative sonic consequences. Transient intermodulation, cross modulation, group delay distortion, dispersion, reactive loading are a few of the difficult to decribe and understand errors that will not be found in the DMA-260. However, thermal settling associated with quickness (thermal tails) could have been an issue as it is with all fast circuits. Advanced testing and state-of-the-art semiconductors, exceptional layouts with much dedicated engineering has been necessary to address and eliminate these complex distortions. In a waveform or time sense, the output signal from the DMA-260 traverses from point “A” to “B” of a musical event with exactly the same waveform shape as its input signal. It does this with parts-per-million accuracy that is free of memorialized unnatural artifacts either before or after the input event. This requires extreme precision. Because Spectral circuits have high intrinsic speed and accuracy, the amplification from the DMA-260 is absolutely stress free and precise. This important performance aspect preserves clarity, transparency and resolution of the very highest order.
Circuits, devices, layouts and construction aspects of Spectral amplifiers are carefully engineered and structured to work together as a system capable of producing a highly refined level of performance. All assemblies and most components inside the DMA-260 are revised and improved to fully realize the virtues of the SHHA driver board and the fully balanced gain section. These improvements are necessary to fulfill the Spectral uncompromised design philosophy. Along with the innovative new SHHA driver section, the DMA-260 features new power supply design and transformers. These larger transformers have exceptionally tight regulation and isolation with the ability to energize tough, low impedance loads. New high performance rectifiers improve peak power and speed. Remarkably, this greater level of performance can be met in an amplifier of compact size and weight. The new generation amplifier systemboard of the DMA-260 features advanced RF layout techniques for ultra stable high frequency operation without ferrite stabilization or capacitors in the signal path. Our new “high plate” pc board technology offers three times the trace thickness for vastly improved current capability. New generation custom Teflon capacitors improve signal purity in sensitive driver compensation positions. All new signal cables and precision grounding system are designed to exploit the very high isolation capacity of the SHHA driver and balanced gain section. Audio paths are direct and short as possible with minimal filtering for the lowest possible noise and extreme quiet signal resolution and ultra-fast transient settling.
In the DMA-260 Series 2 Spectral further develops the SHHA driver technology, a radically improved amplifier topology featuring double the speed and signal response of our previous drivers. At these elevated speeds, device energy storage and thermal memory can now be observed as significant signal distortions, bluring transient detail and smearing instrument decay and interplay. Sophisticated new testing methodology identifies these fast-moving, thermal tail artifacts and directs their elimination in the advanced new SHHA driver topology. Combined with the innovative push pull, balanced gain section and sophisticated internal interfaces, the SHHA driver achieves parts-per-million waveform accuracy and extraordinary low distortion and noise. The long sought after ideal of ‘instantaneous accuracy’ with virtually no signal memory is significantly realized in the remarkable DMA-260 Series 2 Stereo Reference Amplifier.
All files are copyright 2014 by Spectral Audio, Inc.

industry_corpus2: Computing & Telecommunications


text: I don't remember which stylist I had, but everything was great. They really pamper you and give you a great experience. They washed, deep conditioned my hair, gave me a hand massage, and free aromatherapy while I waited for the deep conditioner. Then they cut my hair exactly how I wanted. Not sure if they deal with a lot of curlies, but this is a good spot for wavies to go. Oh and complimentary lip gloss at the end of your hair cut.Only drawback - it's pricey. You're going to pay for the luxury and customer service.


text:
Seven keys … seven days … seven breathtaking adventures.
Arthur Penhaligon is stuck in the Lower House because someone - or something - has assumed his identity and is taking over his life. But before Arthur can take action, he is drafted by Sir Thursday and forced to join the Glorious Army of the Architect.
The Army has its headquarters in the Great Maze, a defensive area of the House. Half of the Maze has already been dissolved by Nothing, and hordes of Nithlings emerge regularly to attack the rest. If the Nithling invasion can overcome the Army and the Great Maze, the House will be lost and the whole universe destroyed.
While Leaf tries to banish Arthur's doppelganger on Earth, Arthur must survive his basic training, avoid getting posted to the Front, and work out how to free Part Four of the Will. Somehow he must gain the Fourth Key from Sir Thursday … if the latest, strongest and most dangerous Nithling offensive doesn't break through first.
Sir Thursday is the fourth book in the Keys to the Kingdom series.

industry_corpus2: Literature & Emotions


text:
The Interpreter Report Spurs Fervent Discussion in Washington, D.C.
On September 17, staff members of IMR’s The Interpreter project led an impassioned discussion about Western policy toward Russia and Ukraine at the presentation of their new report, “An Invasion by Any Other Name: The Kremlin’s Dirty War in Ukraine,” in Washington, D.C., on Thursday.
The Interpreter editor-in-chief Michael Weiss and managing editor James Miller opened the event, held at the Atlantic Council, by providing an overview of the 88-page report, which describes in extensive detail Russia’s invasion and support of armed separatists in eastern Ukraine. Steven Pifer of the Brookings Institution and Myroslava Gongadze from Voice of America then joined the panel, along with Atlantic Council’s John Herbst, to hold a wide-ranging discussion about the U.S. response to the conflict, the current state of affairs in Ukraine, and the Kremlin’s possible strategy moving forward.
Weiss outlined the structure of the report, which is broken into two sections, the first of which catalogues the Russian military equipment observed in the Donbass. The second section, titled “Cargo 200,” examines proof that Russian soldiers have died in the conflict.
Miller recounted how the conflict began with Russian-backed separatists seizing buildings in towns across Ukraine’s east following the Euromaidan Revolution. As Ukrainian forces fought back and the clashes intensified, the Kremlin gradually increased its military support of the rebels. In the summer of 2014, Russian equipment such as T-72 tanks, which the rebels could only have acquired from the Russian army, started to appear on the battlefield, and in some cases Russian servicemen operated the equipment themselves.
The Kremlin’s decision to move heavy weaponry into the region led directly to one of the major civilian tragedies of the war: the downing of flight MH-17. “The civilian airliner that was shot down was a casualty of this constant ramping-up of direct, very reckless military intervention on the part of the Russian military,” Miller said.
Weiss said the report relied in part on the work of Russian journalists, from outlets including Novaya Gazeta and Slon, who sought out proof that Russian soldiers had died while fighting in Ukraine. Due to the Kremlin’s secrecy regarding Russia’s role in the war and the frequent dissemination of disinformation, it remains difficult to obtain an accurate picture of Russian casualties.
Deterrence, he said, should come from the U.S. and NATO, who he said must make clear to the Kremlin that the border between Russia and NATO countries is a “bright red line” that cannot be crossed without serious consequences. To constrain Moscow, the West should seek to limit the Kremlin’s opportunities to interfere in the affairs of countries he called the “in-betweens,” meaning those nations that lie between Russia and “institutional Europe” such as Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine. He said this could be achieved by continuing to use sanctions against Russia as long as it remains aggressive, and by strengthening the governments of those “in-between” countries.
The third point, engagement, entails the need for the West to keep an open dialogue with Russia in areas where cooperation makes sense, such as arms control and counterterrorism, Pifer said. In particular, he recommended that NATO and Russia re-open communication on the military level in an effort to avoid accidents between their forces.
She also argued that the Donbass conflict would not become frozen, as some analysts have predicted, due to the nebulous borders of the separatist-held territories. But Herbst noted that the current ceasefire, which began on Sept. 1, seems to be holding and could last another month or more as Vladimir Putin tests whether the West can be convinced to ease sanctions.
Weiss warned that the current lull in fighting did not necessarily signal that the war was coming to an end, however.

industry_corpus2: Politics & Administration


text:
So I’ve been meaning to post this for some time, but cut me some slack, I’ve been busy.
So I’m not sure who produced Use Somebody for the Kings of Leon, but whoever they are did two awesome things that help “extend the line” as Nadia Boulanger said.
the tune, like most of KoL’s is a 4 bar riff that repeats. Most kol songs have 1 4 bar riff that repeats for 3 minutes; almost like a white stripes song.
however, somebody sat down and altered the repetitions so it’s A- A’-B-B’. How’d they alter it? Sub 6 for 1. The chords are 1, 1/3, 4, in eighth notes.
Keeps the southern rock 1 to 4 relationship working well, and the 1/3 is just unstable enough to give a bit of tension and release. The B riff is 6-, 1, 4.
By subbing six for one, and then un-inverting the following I chord, we have a drastically different bass sound supporting an identical guitar part.
The second thing that happens is the bridge; still the 1, 1/3, 4 progression of the opening riff, we are now in a new key/tonal center. For the record I think its’ 5. (or the dominant for you music school types). The tune is in C major, so the bridge is in G. I think it’s only there for like 8 meaures, maybe 16, but enough to make the beginning of the guitar solo feel like a RETURN. If it feels like a return, that means somewhere along the line we LEFT.
This mini-bridge makes the whole song GIANT-A, GIANT B, GIANT A rather than a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a which is pretty much what I think they entered the studio with.
a-a-a-a; a a a a ; a a a a ; a a a a ; a a a a becomes: a-a’ b-b’; a- a’, a- a’; a-a’ b-b’ a-a’ a-a’; CCCC; a-a-a-a; a-a’, b-b’, etc… a much more complex and satisfying musical journey.

industry_corpus2: Film & Entertainment


text:
Ice Age glaciers shaped the ancient volcanic mass that provided the excellent natural defensive site at Edinburgh. The rock was fortified in prehistoric times and a castle was built in the 7th century by King Edwin of Northumbria.
From the 11th century a town developed around the castle and on the route down the hill along Lawn Market, High Street and Canongate. Together these are known as the Royal Mile. Unable to spread outwards, it was decided to grow upwards in a maze of tenement buildings.
By the 18th century the people of Edinburgh began to feel more secure and it was decided to build a new town outside the original walls. The competition for its design was won by a young Scottish architect, James Craig who put forward the simple grid design which survives today. It is based on three parallel streets, Queen Street, George Street and Princes Street.
South of the Royal Mile is Edinburgh's ancient educational district. Edinburgh University, established in 1582, now has as its central building the Old College designed in 1789 by Robert Adam. The Heriot-Watt university derives from the Mechanics Institute established in 1821.
In 1780s Thomas Muir and Edinburgh University became the centre for the fight for universal suffrage. Muir established the Scottish Association of the Friends of the People in Edinburgh. Branches were formed in Perth, Dundee and Glasgow. This upset the authorities and Muir and his friends, Thomas Fyshe Palmer, William Skirving, Maurice Margarot and Joseph Gerrald were arrested, found guilty of sedition and transported to Australia. In 1845 Thomas Hume, the Radical MP organised the building of a 90 feet high monument in Waterloo Place, Edinburgh in memory of these men.
The success of the Stockton & Darlington and Liverpool & Manchester lines inspired local merchants to organize the building of railways in Edinburgh. The first completed was the Edinburgh & Leith (1831) that linked the port and industrial centre with the capital city. This was followed with the Edinburgh & Glasgow line in 1842.
On the top of the ridge of a hill, Edinburgh has an impregnable castle and precipice at one end, a lake of water on either side; so that the inhabitants had nothing to defend but the entrance at the east end, which it was easy to fortify. From the west, the street goes on in almost a straight line, and for near a mile and a half in length, some say a full two measured miles, through the whole city to the castle in the inside; this is, perhaps, the largest, longest, and finest street for buildings and number of inhabitants, not in Britain only, but in the world.
Edinburgh stands on a site beautifully varied by hill and hollow, and owing to this, unusual facilities are afforded for perfect drainage; but the old part of the town was built long before the importance of drainage was understood in Britain, and in the unchanged parts there is none but by the open channels in the streets, wynds, and closes of courts. To remedy the want of covered drains, there is in many neighbourhoods a very active service of scavengers to remove everything which open drains cannot be allowed to carry; but this does not prevent the air from being much more contaminated by the frequent stirring and sweeping of impurities than if the transport were effected under ground; and there are here and there enclosed spaces between houses too small to be used for any good purpose but not neglected for bad, and to which the scavengers have not access.

industry_corpus2: Travel & Geography


text:
(AFP) French police said they had prevented more than 1,000 desperate attempts by migrants to get into Britain via the Channel Tunnel Friday, as London vowed further measures to tackle the crisis.
“More than 1,000 attempts were thwarted last night, with around 30 arrests,” the source said, adding there were no reports of migrants injured in their bid to enter the undersea tunnel linking France and Britain.
Police reinforcements appeared to be having an impact, as the number of nightly attempts to penetrate the Eurotunnel premises has roughly halved since its peak at the beginning of the week.
France has sent 120 additional police officers to the northern port city of Calais to stem the crisis, as the number of deaths since June reached 10.
One man died in the early hours of Wednesday, apparently crushed by a lorry as he tried to make it into the tunnel.
A spokesman for Eurotunnel said there had been “much less disruption” since the reinforcements arrived to bolster the 300-strong police contingent already stationed in the city.
At least four coaches of riot police were on Friday morning guarding the entrance to the tunnel, where the situation was calm.
“I didn’t make it into the station this time… It was very difficult, there was much more security than on previous days,” said 20-year-old Reza from Afghanistan, rubbing his eyes after a short night’s sleep as he stepped out of his tent.
“We didn’t have a chance last night. There were too many policemen, even more than before,” said Baby, 27, from Eritrea, who has been in camping out in Calais for more than two years.
A police source said that, while the reinforcements had helped, “the pressure of the migrants is still there” and the “situation remains difficult to deal with”.
However, this source said there had been far fewer migrants managing to enter the Eurotunnel platforms and get on the train shuttles going to England.
During the night, an AFP journalist saw people descend onto the railways close to the Eurotunnel site only to be halted by police.
At least a dozen made it past the cordon, but ran straight into a second line of officers waiting a hundred metres (yards) further down the line.
Around 3,000 people from countries including Syria and Eritrea are waiting in Calais as they try to cross into Britain illegally by clambering on board lorries and trains.
Adding to the Calais difficulties, hundreds of French sailors blocked the city on Friday, using burning tyres to prevent access to the port in the midst of the peak holiday travel period.
The roughly 300 workers from French company Scop SeaFrance are protesting against plans to sell off some of their ferries to rival Danish firm DFDS, a move expected to result in hundreds of job losses.
Jean-Marc Puissesseau, president of the port of Calais, on Friday branded the latest action “the straw that broke the camel’s back”, and accused authorities of “abandoning” the port.
The crisis has become a hot political issue on both sides of the Channel and British Prime Minister David Cameron and French President Francois Hollande discussed the issue by phone.
“They both expressed concern about the immediate security challenges and reiterated their commitment to continue working closely together to tackle the problems posed by illegal migration,” a statement from Cameron’s office said.
Cameron promised “more fencing, more resources, more sniffer dog teams” to aid French police after holding a meeting of his government’s COBRA emergency committee on Friday on the crisis, which he warned could last all summer.
Critics dismissed the measures as inadequate, with the chief executive of the Road Haulage Association Richard Burnett describing fences and dogs as “just sticking plasters”.
Cameron has also come under fire for controversial comments on the crisis that has dominated British media all week, with furious truck drivers blocked on the English side of the channel.
Speaking on a visit to Vietnam, Cameron referred to a “swarm of people” wanting to come to his country to seek better lives and find employment.
The prime minister’s comments earned him criticism from acting opposition Labour Party leader Harriet Harman, who said Cameron should “remember he is talking about people, not insects”.
The Refugee Council, a leading British charity which works with asylum seekers, said it was “awful, dehumanising language from a world leader”.
London has pledged £7 million (10 million euros, $11 million) to improve fencing around the Eurotunnel rail terminal at Coquelles, northern France.
Cameron also said that defence ministry land would be used to park trucks waiting to cross to Calais.


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The main aims of this thesis were to: (i) investigate the concurrent associations between sleep disordered breathing (SDB), neurobehavioural, and academic performance at 8 years, (ii) determine the impact of SDB trajectories from 3-to-8 years on academic performance outcomes at 8 years and, (ii) establish the prevalence and correlates of SDB and poor school performance in a Nationwide sample of 6-to-10 year children.
A sample of 170 local Dunedin (New Zealand) children were involved in a longitudinal study. From ages 3-to-8 years, SDB was assessed through parent-reported history of symptoms, and physical examination of features related to SDB. Children’s neurocognitive, and behavioural functioning and academic performance were measured using researcher-administered standardised tests, and parent- and teacher- ratings. A second sample of community-wide New Zealand parents were recruited to complete a survey assessing primary school-aged (n=1607, mean age 8.2 years) children’s SDB symptoms, alongside their academic, health, behaviour and familial-related demographic information.
Analyses found negative relationships between SDB and numeracy, oral reading retell, and listening retell and comprehension ( =3.86 to -0.05, p=0.046 to 0.011), with results also suggesting that pathways from SDB to poorer school performance were indirect, and mediated through children’s cognitive-linguistic skills (e.g. learning problems and functional communication problems). A child’s SDB status at age 3-years predicted academic outcomes at age 8 for oral reading and retell skills, listening retell skills, and applying numeracy skills, in word problems (all p<0.05). Children whose SDB improved from age 3-to-8 were able to catch-up academically at age 8, from the performance of control children who entered the study at age 3 (i.e. without SDB), in oral reading fluency and basic numeracy tasks (i.e. addition and subtraction). Nationwide survey data found the prevalence of “at risk” for SDB in 6-to-10 year-old children to be 16.2% (95%CI = 14.4 - 18.1%), and18.6% (95%CI = 16.7 – 20.6%) for habitual snoring. Children “at risk” of SDB, had higher odds of poor school performance compared to those “not at risk” (2.0-to-2.8) for reading, writing, and mathematics. Independent risk factors for children at risk of SDB were identified as: total poorer health related quality of life, frequent sore throats, and asthma, with domain-specific shared risk factors identified between SDB and poor school performance, across the reading, writing, and mathematics constructs (e.g. male gender, secondary caregiver education below tertiary, and familial asthma).
The current findings emphasise the association between SDB and poor school performance in school-aged children. Additionally, SDB symptoms can predict children’s later academic performance, with the potential to improve neurocognitive sequelae across childhood following SDB resolution/treatment. SDB has an important role in the healthy neurocognitive development of children, highlighting the need to include screening for sleep difficulties when exploring barriers to children’s learning progress.

industry_corpus2: Subject Education


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The Hanging Out project’s latest training opportunity gave ten talented young people the chance to take part in an Archive Film Research Workshop at the BFI, Southbank. The one day course, led by the BFI’s programmer for young people, Noel Goodwin, focused on youth culture in the film scene of the 1950s and 1960s.
The ten volunteers were introduced to the BFI’s mediatheque centre, where digital copies of more than 18,000 films can be viewed. They spent a productive morning viewing presentations of youth culture in a range of films, from social documentaries, such as We Are the Lambeth Boys, a vivid ‘fly on the wall’ portrait of life in a London youth centre, to popular fiction such as Cliff Richard’s Expresso Bongo.
After lunch, the volunteers presented their pitches for a short documentary about youth culture in the 1950s and 1960s, briefly describing the thematic focus of their film and listing archive clips which they would include to illustrate their key message. Each group came up with creative and original ideas, exploring how young people enjoyed and engaged with fashion and music in the 1950s and 1960s.
“I gained confidence when presenting my documentary because I was with older people"
The next day, as a special treat, the group went on a trip to the National Film Archive in Berkhamsted. This is where the entire Film Archive collection is stored and cared for. The group was given a guided tour of the building and witnessed restoration techniques in action.
For most of the young people, the high quality training received at the BFI Film Archive Workshop is only the start of their involvement with the Hanging Out project. They will now be invited to take part in a range of other activities from sourcing footage for the Hanging Out documentary to volunteering at the project launch at the V&A in 2012.


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The introduction of total smoking bans represents an important step in addressing the smoking and physical health of people with mental illness. Despite evidence indicating the importance of staff support in the successful implementation of smoking bans, limited research has examined levels of staff support prior to the implementation of a ban in psychiatric settings, or factors that are associated with such support. This study aimed to examine the views of psychiatric inpatient hospital staff regarding the perceived benefits of and barriers to implementation of a successful total smoking ban in mental health services. Secondly, to examine the level of support among clinical and non-clinical staff for a total smoking ban. Thirdly, to examine the association between the benefits and barriers perceived by clinicians and their support for a total smoking ban in their unit.
Cross-sectional survey of both clinical and non-clinical staff in a large inpatient psychiatric hospital immediately prior to the implementation of a total smoking ban.
Of the 300 staff, 183 (61%) responded. Seventy-three (41%) of total respondents were clinical staff, and 110 (92%) were non-clinical staff. More than two-thirds of staff agreed that a smoking ban would improve their work environment and conditions, help staff to stop smoking and improve patients' physical health. The most prevalent clinician perceived barriers to a successful total smoking ban related to fear of patient aggression (89%) and patient non-compliance (72%). Two thirds (67%) of all staff indicated support for a total smoking ban in mental health facilities generally, and a majority (54%) of clinical staff expressed support for a ban within their unit. Clinical staff who believed a smoking ban would help patients to stop smoking were more likely to support a smoking ban in their unit.
There is a clear need to more effectively communicate to staff the evidence that consistently applied smoking bans do not increase patient aggression. There is also a need to communicate the benefits of smoking bans in aiding the delivery of smoking cessation care, and the benefits of both smoking bans and such care in aiding patients to stop smoking.
Smoking remains responsible for the greatest disease burden in Australia  and elsewhere . For those with psychiatric disorders, the prevalence of smoking [3, 4] is much higher than among the general population . In mental health inpatient settings in Australia [6, 7] and elsewhere , high smoking rates have been reported. Consequently, those with a mental illness are more likely to develop and die from smoking-related diseases than are those without such an illness .
The introduction of total smoking bans represents an important step in addressing the harm caused by tobacco smoking for people with a mental illness . The World Health Organisation  recommends that all health care premises and immediate surroundings should be smoke-free. Smoke-free workplaces in general not only protect nonï¿½smokers from the dangers of passive smoking , they also encourage smokers to quit or to reduce consumption [12–14]. Smoking bans are now the norm for indoor workers . Total bans, where smoking is banned completely, are more effective than partial bans, where smoking is still allowed in designated areas .
Although general hospital settings have successfully moved to smoke-free environments , health services internationally are struggling with the challenges involved in implementing total smoking bans in mental health settings [17, 18]. Evidence suggests that total smoking bans are more sustainable than partial smoking bans [10, 19], more effective at reducing staff exposure to environmental tobacco smoke , and less likely to result in patient complaints or verbal aggression . Additionally, the provision of nicotine dependence treatment is more likely to occur in psychiatric inpatient settings that adhere to total smoking bans [20, 21]. Partial bans continue to condone smoking, sending a message that smoking is still an acceptable practice. In addition, partial bans do little to encourage patients to consider quitting, nor do they influence staff behaviour to provide nicotine dependence treatment [21, 22]. This issue of changing staff and patient behaviour is a particularly important argument for total smoking bans [22–24].
The determinants of successful implementation of total smoking bans in mental health services have been suggested to include structural and systemic changes to health services, effective leadership, and staff acceptance [10, 22, 24]. While there is evidence that the implementation of a total smoking ban is accepted by the majority of mental health patients [10, 19] and may increase patient optimism about success in quitting [10, 25], a number of studies report negative staff views as barriers to the successful implementation of such bans [19, 20, 26]. Commonly reported staff-expressed barriers relate to fears of patient aggression , ethical concerns [19, 20, 28] and staff and patient compliance issues [19, 20, 26].
The ability to generalize from the findings of previous research regarding staff views towards smoking bans is limited by a number of methodological features and differences in methodologies between studies. Firstly, very few studies have examined staff support for smoking bans in mental health care settings that applied to both buildings and grounds; that is, a total smoking ban. Only four such studies were identified in the published literature over the last decade [14, 20, 29, 30]. These four studies, undertaken in the Netherlands , the U.K. [29, 30], and Switzerland , reported that 19%, 32%, 60% and 37% of psychiatric staff respectively were supportive of a total smoking ban. In contrast, studies of partial bans in mental health settings have reported much higher support [14, 31].
Secondly, the four reported studies were conducted in different mental health settings. The Willemsen et al study involved aggregated data from psychiatric inpatient, outpatient, and sheltered home settings with a range of smoking restrictions in place , and the remaining studies were conducted in a variety of psychiatric unit settings [14, 29, 30]. The variety in reported levels of support for total smoking bans suggests differences in staff support for total smoking bans between different clinical settings.
Thirdly, despite the requirement for smoking bans to be complied with by all staff for the protection of all staff and patients, research regarding the acceptability of such bans has focused on the views of clinical staff only [14, 20, 22, 24, 26–31]. Given the different roles of clinical and non-clinical staff, and differences in the extent of contact with patients between such staff, the implementation of a smoking ban is likely to have different impacts on these staff groups, and hence likely to result in differences in perceived benefits, barriers and support. For the purposes of this study, 'clinical staff' is defined as those staff who in the course of their normal role, provided patient care.
Fourthly, the reported studies of total smoking bans were conducted at different times relative to the implementation of a total smoking ban. Two of the studies [14, 29] indicated that measures of support for a total smoking ban were conducted following the implementation of such a ban. In contrast, the two studies[20, 30] that reported the highest (60%) and lowest level of support for a total smoking ban (19%) respectively, were conducted prior to, and not in the context of an impending total smoking ban. Comparison of the reported levels of support between such studies is therefore of limited value, particularly as a person's response to change is influenced by the perceived personal consequence of the change, which in turn is influenced by the proximity or immediacy of the proposed change to the individual .
Further, two of the studies [14, 29] reported significant levels of non-compliance following the implementation of a ban, as evidenced by respondent exposure to second hand smoke (35%) , and continued staff smoking (59%) . The extent to which a smoking ban has been successfully implemented might be expected to impact on the extent and nature of perceived benefits, barriers and support for a smoking ban.
Despite the importance of identifying barriers and facilitators of staff support as a basis for designing the implementation of smoking bans, few studies have examined factors that are predictive of staff support for smoking bans. With respect to research specific to total smoking bans in psychiatric settings, only one study has done so, indicating that the support of Dutch clinical staff for a total smoking ban was positively associated with the belief that such a policy results in less annoyance from second hand tobacco smoke . Similarly, a study to determine predictors of support for smoking bans among public officials found that support is significantly more prevalent among those who believe: that tobacco use is a serious problem in their community; breathing environmental tobacco smoke is a serious problem for non-smokers; government should get involved with people's decisions about smoking; in providing smoking-cessation programs for public employees; and have smoked less than 100 cigarettes during their lifetime . No research has as yet been reported in Australia indicating staff support for either total or partial smoking bans in mental health settings.
This study was undertaken to determine clinical and non-clinical staff views regarding the imminent implementation of a total smoking ban in a large psychiatric hospital in Australia. The study had three aims: 1. to ascertain staff perceived benefits of, and barriers to a successful total smoking ban, 2. to investigate the level of staff support for total smoking bans within mental health services and their own units; and 3. to examine the association between clinician perceived benefits and barriers to a successful total smoking ban, and their support for such a ban in their unit.
A cross-sectional survey of both clinical and non-clinical staff at a large psychiatric inpatient hospital in the state of New South Wales, Australia was undertaken. The facility had approximately 2000 patient discharges per annum, consisting of 80 beds in six units: a psychiatric emergency centre, an intensive care unit, two general acute units, a dual diagnoses (concurrent mental health and substance use) unit, and an aged care unit.
A 'smoke free workplace policy' that included a total smoking ban in both buildings and grounds was to be implemented in the facility two weeks immediately following the survey period. The introduction of the policy was in accordance with directions from the New South Wales Department of Health that all health facilities in the state were to become smoke-free. Preparations for the local implementation of the policy included: establishment of service-wide and mental health specific policy implementation committees; allocation of resources to the implementation of the policy; communication to staff and the community regarding the introduction of the policy; creation of a mental health implementation project officer position for twelve months; provision of quit and abstinence assistance for staff who smoked; placement of no smoking signage, removal of ashtrays, clinical staff consultations, and the provision of staff training.
A total of 300 staff were employed at the site, of which 60% (approximately 180 staff) occupied clinical positions, that is, performed a role that involved patient care. The remainder occupied non-clinical positions (for example, administrative and support staff).
This research was approved by the Hunter New England Human Research Ethics Committee and the University of Newcastle Human Research Ethics Committee. Two questionnaires, one for clinical staff, and one for non-clinical staff were developed utilising concepts used in previous similar studies [22, 30, 34]. In addition, data from focus groups held with staff and ex-patients regarding a total smoking ban and nicotine dependence treatment guided the development of the questionnaires. Domains included identified issues to clinical practice change, and organisational policy objectives. Piloting of the survey with mental health clinical staff from other settings provided additional questions in the final version. The two questionnaires were very similar in content, with the clinical staff questionnaire including additional items relating to clinical care issues. All staff were invited by management email and staff newsletter to complete a pen and paper questionnaire during the two week survey period. Although completion of the questionnaire was voluntary, staff were encouraged to complete the questionnaire by management, and several prompts through emails and newsletters were provided. Questionnaires and return boxes were left in key locations (for example staff stations, tea rooms, reception areas) and research staff regularly checked each location during the survey period.
Demographic questions addressed respondent gender, age, highest level of education, job description, length of time in current position, current smoking status, and exposure to second hand tobacco smoke at work (yes, no) (Table 1). Clinical staff were also asked to indicate whether they had received training in smoking cessation care and whether they were interested in doing so.
Both surveys contained a question which asked respondents to indicate their level of agreement with 14 statements regarding potential benefits of a total smoking ban ('strongly disagree, disagree, uncertain, agree, strongly agree') (Table 2).
The survey for clinical staff included an item asking respondents to indicate their level of agreement with 19 statements regarding possible clinical barriers to a total smoking ban ('strongly disagree, disagree, uncertain, agree, strongly agree') (Table 3).
Both questionnaires included a question asking whether the respondent supported a total smoking ban throughout all mental health services ('strongly unsupportive, unsupportive, no view either way, supportive, strongly supportive') (Table 4). The clinical staff survey also asked respondents to indicate their level of agreement with a total smoking ban in their unit ('strongly disagree, disagree, unsure, agree, strongly agree').
All analyses were undertaken using SPSS Version 15 . Descriptive statistics were used to report respondent demographics, perceived benefits of, and barriers to a total smoking ban, and support for a total smoking ban.
Response categories for staff perceived benefits and barriers were reduced to three: 'agree, uncertain, disagree'. Response categories for clinician and non-clinician support for a ban in mental health services generally were reduced to two: 'strongly unsupportive/unsupportive/no view either way'; and 'supportive/strongly supportive'. Response categories relating to clinician support for a ban in their unit were reduced to two: 'strongly disagree/disagree/unsure'; and 'agree/strongly agree'.
Possible differences between clinical and non-clinical staff in their perceptions of the benefits of a total smoking ban, and in their support for such a ban in mental health services generally were assessed by chi square analyses.
Chi square analysis was initially undertaken to determine the univariate associations between staff demographic characteristics and clinical staff perceptions of the benefits and barriers of a total smoking ban, and their support for such a ban. Multiple statistical testing was accounted for by setting the significance level to p < 0.01 [36, 37]. Perceived benefits and barriers that had the strongest relationship with support for a total smoking ban were entered into a backward stepwise logistic regression model. The number of variables initially entered into the model was limited by the size of the sample. The final model contained all variables with p < 0.05.
Of the 180 clinical and 120 non-clinical staff available to complete the survey, 183 (61%) did so: 73 clinical staff (41%), and 110 non-clinical staff (92%) (Table 1). Of the clinical respondents, 56% identified as nurses, 26% as allied health and 18% as medical/psychiatry Of the non-clinical respondents, 38% identified as administrative with patient contact, 30% as administrative with no patient contact, 14% as researchers, and 11% as hospitality staff (Table 1). Clinical staff were more likely to have a tertiary education (χ2 = 26.033, p = .000) and to report being exposed to other people's smoke at work (χ2 = 38.449, p = .000).
The majority of respondents agreed that a total smoking ban would make their work environment look/smell better (81%) and improve working conditions (65%) (Table 2). Fewer agreed that a total smoking ban would improve their working environment in other respects, such as making the unit safer (27%), creating less work (12%) or decreasing client aggression (9%) (Table 2). While 66% agreed that a total smoking ban would help staff stop smoking, fewer (38%) agreed that it would do so for clients (Table 2). A majority agreed that a smoking ban would improve patients' physical health (65%), and 41% agreed that it would increase patient quality of life in general (Table 2).
A majority (69%) of respondents were either uncertain or did not agree that a total smoking ban would increase the quality of care overall, and 71% were either uncertain or did not agree that a total smoking ban would improve patient mental health (Table 2). In excess of 80% of respondents were either uncertain or disagreed that a total smoking ban would reduce medication use, increase rapport between patients or make patients happier (Table 2). There were no significant differences between the responses of clinical and non-clinical staff regarding the perceived benefits of a total smoking ban.
Details of clinicians' perceived barriers to a successful total smoking ban are provided in Table 3. Nearly all clinicians indicated a fear of patient aggression (89%), and most agreed that patients would continue to smoke (72%). More than half of the respondents indicated a lack of staff capacity to enforce the ban as a barrier to a successful total smoking ban, with such capacity being seen to be limited by staff resistance to change, and a lack of knowledge, confidence and skills among staff. In addition, a lack of organisational support in the form of information, training, processes, resources and systems was expressed by between 35% and 49% of clinicians (Table 3).
Levels of clinical and non-clinical staff support for total smoking bans within the mental health service generally, and the level of clinical staff support for such a ban in their specific unit are provided in Table 4. Approximately two thirds of both clinical (64%) and non-clinical respondents (68%) supported a total ban within mental health services generally, and 54% of clinicians supported the implementation of such a ban in their own unit (Table 4). The difference in the proportion of clinicians supporting a ban in mental health services generally, and the proportion supporting a ban in their own unit was statistically significant (p > 0.001).
Chi square analysis indicated no statistically significant differences in support for smoking bans in mental health services generally between clinical and non-clinical staff respondents.
Of the 9 demographic characteristics, and the 33 statements regarding clinician perceived benefits and barriers to a successful total smoking ban, 11 were found to be significant at p < .01 (Table 5).
Logistic regression analysis results (Table 6) indicated that one variable was significantly associated with clinical staff support for a smoking ban in their own unit at p < .01. Respondents who believed a smoking ban would help patients to stop smoking were approximately 23 times more likely to support a smoking ban in their own unit than those who did not hold this view (p = .001).
This study has identified clear and consistent support for a total smoking ban in inpatient mental health services from a majority of both clinical and non-clinical staff, with little difference between these groups. Despite this support, and acknowledgement of the benefits for both staff and patients of such a ban, significant barriers to the success of a ban were expressed by staff, particularly with regard to fear of patient aggression and concerns regarding clinician capacity and organisational support for the ban. The only perceived benefit or barrier that was significantly associated with clinician support for a ban was the view that a ban would assist patients to quit smoking. These findings suggest that the introduction of total smoking bans can be supported by staff, but that maximizing such support is contingent on the implementation of strategies that address staff lack of knowledge of evidence regarding both the benefits of a smoking ban and the lack of a negative impact on patient behaviour, and of strategies that address staff capacity and provide organizational support for clinicians.
Although methodological differences between studies limit the ability to compare findings, the level of staff support observed in this study appears greater than that previously reported [14, 20, 29], and similar to that reported in the UK . Temporal and jurisdictional differences may have contributed to the higher level of support observed in this study. In particular, the differences in outcomes may be attributed in part to this study being conducted in the context of a state-wide implementation of a smoke free policy in all health services, and of local strategies associated with its imminent implementation. To the extent that such a context contributed to the observed higher level of support, the findings confirm the previously reported importance of a systems approach to the successful implementation of a smoking ban specifically [21, 38], and to organisational and clinical practice change generally .
The findings of a high prevalence of agreement by staff regarding the benefits of a total smoking ban on improving the workplace environment and working conditions are consistent with previous findings . The results are also consistent with the findings that such improvements can be obtained following the implementation of total smoking bans in psychiatric facilities . In contrast, the low levels of respondent agreement regarding possible benefits in terms of increased safety and decreased client aggression is not supported by evidence, as such benefits are able to be realized when a total smoking ban is implemented [10, 19]. These latter findings suggest that a more effective communication of the broader range of benefits that can accrue from the implementation of a total smoking ban is needed. Education addressing the benefits of total smoking bans have been described as a key component in the sustainability of total smoking bans .
A similar pattern of findings was evident with regard to perceived benefits of a total smoking ban for patients. The finding that a majority of staff considered that the implementation of a ban would be beneficial for patient physical health is consistent with evidence suggesting such a benefit is possible [19, 25]. However, the findings that a minority of staff considered that the implementation of such a ban would improve patient quality of life, mental health or help patients to stop smoking suggest that the potential benefits for patients are viewed quite narrowly. Research is required to determine whether these improvements for patients do occur.
Almost three quarters of staff agreed that patients would continue to smoke under a total smoking ban, a finding that is consistent with the findings of previous research that staff believe that patients will resist smoking bans [19, 26]. Studies of patient views however indicate a degree of acceptance of smoking bans [19, 25]. Studies of the effectiveness of total smoking bans on patient smoking behaviour have indicated that, although some patients continue to smoke after their implementation [10, 29], smoking is less than prior to the implementation of a ban . In a survey of forensic psychiatric inpatients' views, participants who smoked cited seeing staff and other patients smoking as barriers to quitting . The advent of a total smoke-free environment offers an opportunity for changing tobacco use. This in itself is a step closer towards being a non-smoker, an opportunity that is unavailable in units where smoking is permitted [42, 43]. In addition, without continuity of care and cessation support after discharge, smoking bans in inpatient settings risk having no long-term effect on patient quit attempts .
Almost all clinical staff (89%) expressed a fear of patient aggression. Evidence suggests that although this is a common concern among mental health staff [26–28], no significant increase in patient aggression occurs following the implementation of a total smoking ban [10, 45–47]. More commonly, evidence suggests that following the implementation of such a ban an increase in patient  and staff support is evident [10, 14, 48–50], and levels of patient aggression are either unchanged or reduced [10, 14]. This view may be related to a lack of skills or confidence in providing nicotine dependence treatment [24, 26].
There was a low level of agreement that a total smoking ban would increase the quality of care overall. There was also little support for the view that a total smoking ban would improve patient mental health. These results may suggest a view that treating smoking is not valued as a clinical role, nor that it would benefit the health of patients. These findings suggests that considerable system change and staff support is required to provide an environment where a primary prevention approach such as nicotine dependence treatment can be sustained [22, 24, 51].
More than half of the respondents indicated a lack of knowledge, confidence and skills to provide care in the context of a total smoking ban, and between a third and half of respondents perceived a lack of organisational support in the form of the provision of information, training, organisational processes, systems and resources. This is a consistent finding in research regarding staff attitudes towards the implementation of smoking bans [10, 20–22, 24], and the provision of nicotine dependence treatment to mental health patients [42, 44]. Such a consistency of findings suggests a clear need for health care services to implement smoking bans in a manner that includes strategies that address leadership, systems development, and staff training [21, 22, 24, 42, 44, 51]. The finding that staff involved in this study expressed such views in the context of a system-wide approach to the implementation of a total smoking ban may indicate that the planned implementation strategies may not have been adequate, or that the impact of such strategies had yet to be experienced by staff. A follow up study of staff attitudes following the implementation of the smoking ban is required to determine the success of the implementation strategy in addressing these issues.
Only one perceived benefit or barrier was significantly associated with clinician support for a ban in their own unit - the belief that a ban would help patients to stop smoking. Such a finding suggests that clinicians are more likely to support a ban if they believe it will have a clinically beneficial outcome. Perhaps a potential strategy for encouraging staff support for a smoking ban in mental health inpatient settings is to emphasise the clinical and physical well-being benefits of a smoking ban, not just its environmental impacts, or the need for compliance with an organisational policy. The finding in this study of 69% of clinicians believing that a ban will improve a patient's physical health lends further support for such a proposal. Providing education and training to strengthen this believe may motivate staff to support the smoking ban [22, 24, 26], and skill staff to help patients cope with their concerns about tolerating a period of abstinence or a quit attempt.
The findings of the present study need to be considered in the context of a number of its methodological characteristics. First, although comparable to previous studies [20, 29, 30] the response rates, particularly for clinical staff, suggest that the results may not be representative of all staff. The extent to which the observed results reflect either an under or overestimate of the views of all staff is not known. Second, as the study was conducted in a single health service, the findings may not be generalisable to mental health services either elsewhere in the state or more broadly. However, a number of the findings appear consistent with the results of a previous study of the views of nurse unit managers across the state. For example, 69% of nurse unit managers state-wide  and 72% of clinicians in the current study report that patients aren't interested in quitting and will continue to smoke.
Although this was a study of staff views, further research is required to ascertain patient views towards total smoking bans. International research indicates that staff view a total smoking ban as more disruptive than patients . For example, more staff than patients thought tobacco smoke was a source of conflict with staff or patients under a total smoking ban, and staff viewed co-habitation between smokers and non-smokers as more difficult under a total smoking ban . Importantly, patients have reported to be more optimistic about being able to quit after an inpatient stay in a facility with a total smoking ban .
Although it is acknowledged that implementing a total smoking ban in a setting that has an historical culture of acceptance of tobacco smoking will require significant attitudinal and system changes [21, 24, 26], strong leadership and staff training and support , there is a growing body of evidence to indicate that total smoking bans can be successfully implemented in psychiatric hospitals [10, 18, 24]. There is a clear need to more effectively communicate to staff the evidence that consistently applied smoking bans do not increase patient aggression, the benefits of smoking bans in aiding the delivery of smoking cessation care, and the benefits of both smoking bans and such care in aiding patients to stop smoking. The successful implementation of such bans in this setting is of particular importance as mental health treatment settings remain the only sector of health care that have failed to implement total smoking bans and systematically offer nicotine dependence treatment to patients. Such a failing perpetuates the health inequalities experienced by those with mental illness who smoke.
This research was supported by the Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing, Australia. The authors would like to thank the survey respondents for their participation.
All authors participated in the design of the study, development of the survey tool, and read and approved the final manuscript. PW completed data entry, data analysis, and drafting of the manuscript. PW, JB and JW were involved in critical revision of the manuscript.

industry_corpus2: Health & Medicine


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“Start Again” is the second single to be released from the 13 Reasons Why Season Two Soundtrack.
Throughout the track, Logic and Ryan Tedder discuss feelings of loneliness and despair after people left them in the dust.
Have these artist collaborated before?
When was this song used in 13 reasons why?


text: 899. Verse 14. In the second month, on the seven and twentieth day of the month, was the earth dry. "The second month" signifies the whole state before regeneration; "on the seven and twentieth day of the month" signifies what is holy; "was the earth dry" signifies that he was regenerate. These words are a conclusion to what goes before, and a beginning to what follows.


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Window cleaning is a necessary task for absolutely every single homeowner out there. In the event that you do not clean your windows, you can end up with various problems that you can easily avoid. It is interesting to notice the fact that there are many homeowners that simply forget about window cleaning until the windows are incredibly hard to clean. That is not something that you want to do.
Just as with the doors, the windows accumulate dust in the parts that are not attended. The windows are always a huge part of a home improvement project and you want to be sure that you always have the windows in a proper condition. As a general rule, whenever you clean your home, you want to also clean the windows.
As opposed to regular dusting you do on a weekly basis, window cleaning is different. Before you go out looking for window cleaning company in Sydney, think about the following dos and don’ts.
For starters, do not leave the window interiors to yourself. At a first glance, it seems like quite a profitable idea to always do window interiors by yourself while leaving just outside areas for the professionals. This is not actually the case. IN fact, the professionals do have all that is needed for window cleaning. No matter what you may believe, window interiors are always going to be better cleaned by a professional. You can do the interiors alone most of the time but from time to time it is vital that you call a professional window cleaner.
Make sure that you clean the windows last. That is especially the case in the event that the home is going through renovations. Try to refrain from the urge to clean units until you finish absolutely all that you have to do besides this task. A lot of dust can appear and will be attracted to panel rims. Renovators should always cover and tape wall aperture. That is because it would protect from various chemicals.
It is important that you do not rely on the things that cannot be controlled. Many end up taking it really lazily and will leave rain to clean windows. That is definitely something that can help with the exterior but in the meantime, the interiors are going to become dirtier and dirtier.
Water stains have to be treated differently than what you may believe. As time passes, moisture will make water mark white circles on all the windows. The marks will be quite hard to be removed. To make matters even worse, in the event that cleaning is done in an improper way, windows can be scratched or even scraped.
The last thing that we should mention is that you should never hang the wet clothes over the windows. They will lead towards marks appearing on windows. That can easily be avoided.
On the whole, we can say that window cleaning is not at all difficult but you should always do it properly.


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A large global pharmaceutical company with leading products across various therapeutic areas is looking to hire a Principal Statistician at their Stockley Park office in London, UK on a contract basis. This vacancy is an exciting opportunity to work at a top 10 global pharmaceutical company that employs approximately 100,000 people worldwide.
Bachelors Degree /Masters Degree/Ph.D. with extensive practical experience.

industry_corpus2: Biopharmaceuticals


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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Canon digital SLR cameras.
The main article for this category is Canon EOS DSLR cameras.
Pages in category "Canon EOS DSLR cameras"
This page was last edited on 3 October 2016, at 00:19 (UTC).


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The pioneering shoot 'em up, Gradius, was a hit in arcades. It would later find further success on the Nintendo Entertainment System in both the United States and Japan (where the system was known as the Famicom). Unbeknownst to some, this classic shooter was also brought home to the PC Engine platform--although this time, exclusively in Japan.
The classic NES shooter, Life Force, actually originated in Japanese arcades where it was first known as "Salamander". While we in the United States received the home version most here are familiar with, the Japanese also received a direct port of the arcade game Life Force was based on, to the NEC PC Engine system.
Fantasy Zone was an arcade game released by SEGA halfway through the 1980s. It took familiar concepts as seen in prior arcade classics such as Defender and Stargate, but it added enough of its own to make it feel like something fresh and new all together. Here we have the PC Engine (Turbo Grafx-16 in the US) version. Let's take a look and see how it is!
Did you know that many of SEGA's arcade games made it to their competitors' platforms of the day? One such platform is the Turbo Grafx-16/PC Engine, and one of these games is After Burner II. However, this one in particular (unlike Space Harrier and Fantasy Zone), never made its way outside of Japan on this specific platform. Which is a shame, because as you will see, it's an excellent conversion, and probably one of the best that NEC Avenue did during this time period. Anyway, let's take a look!
Of the eight or so SNES shoot 'em ups I covered in this pseudo "Shmup Marathon" these last few weeks, several of them have been duds. Fortunately, we get to end things on a high note, with the excellent BioMetal. Let's check it out!
The SNES received a nice handful of shoot 'em ups in its lifespan, but surprisingly, it lacked in arcade ports compared to its main competitors of the time. Here we have one of those ports, however--a relatively obscure game, Strike Gunner S.T.G. Should you check into this one? Watch to find out!
The Super Nintendo had quite a few shoot 'em ups that flew under the radar--even some that were released relatively early in its life. One such is Super E.D.F. (Earth Defense Force), a port of an arcade game by the same name. Is it worth checking out today? Well, let's take a look!
Once initially planned as a port of Darius 2 from the arcades, Darius Twin ended up being an entirely new game all together. Unfortunately, this console-exclusive failed to hit the mark. Does that mean it’s not work checking out these days? Well, I think it really depends on your tastes. Watch to find out!
Wolfenstein 3D for the PC was a groundbreaking game, and a pioneer in the sea of First Person Shooter games that would eventually come. The game also received several home console ports of its own, one being the incredible 3DO conversion. Here I take a look at it, give my opinions, and speak my mind as I play it at the same time. Enjoy!
When Ninja Gaiden became the hit it was, one would have expected dozens of obvious clones to hit the market. Surprisingly, very few clearly ripped on that success. One game did, however--VICE Project Doom. Even more surprisingly, it is actually pretty good! In this video, I sit down with it, describe how it works, and speak my thoughts about it, while playing simultaneously.
Welcome to the first in a new series of videos at IMPLANTgames, dubbed, "A Casual Look At". In actuality, I have been doing these on YouTube for quite some time, but as of now, various episodes will also be featured here (Thanks, Kris!). What are these "A Casual Look At" videos, you ask? Well, they are essentially what I like to call "casual reviews."

industry_corpus2: Gaming


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– Will not scratch or damage surfaces.
– Similar to the tool used by Apple technicians.
– These tools have a limited lifetime and are not covered by any warranty.
This Non-Metal tool is suitable for use around Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive (ESD) items.
Superior strength glass-filled nylon makes this a long lasting and durable tool. Hygroscopic nylon will dissipate electrostatic charges after you handle this tool for a few minutes with bare hands or dip into a topical antistatic solution before using.
Often referred to as the "black stick," This is similar to the tool used by Apple technicians to aid in the disassembly of iBooks, PowerBooks, MacBooks, iPods and iPhones without damaging or scratching any other component. Also can be used in laptops, mobile phones, and any other electronic device.
Warranty: Because they are nylon and the edge wears from use, these tools have a limited lifetime and are not covered by any warranty.
6" long, temperature resistant, glass-filled nylon tool.
The "Black Stick" opens Apple iPhone and iPods, Mac Laptops and Desktops as well as other electronic devices.
Flat (screwdriver) end for spudging wire leads.
Notch end for hooking and pulling wires or components.
Pointed end used to form leads, probing, pointing and to hold objects for soldering.

industry_corpus2: Manufacturing


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We offer complete Central Park wedding packages! We will meet you ANYWHERE in Central Park so you can celebrate your love in time-honored style. Tie the knot in one of New York City’s Top 10 Wedding locations – Central Park – right in the heart of the Big Apple.
Say “I do!” at the romantic Ladies Pavilion overlooking the Lake and iconic New York City skyline. Imagine reciting your vows in the breathtaking landscapes of the famous Strawberry Fields. Enter the bond of matrimony in the scenic splendor of the majestic Belvedere Castle. Celebrate your nuptials at the most photographed location in Central Park, the picturesque Bow Bridge.
Or choose any other Central Park location of your choice. Whether it’s Winter, Spring, Summer or Fall, let us bring your fairy tale to life!
Our non-denominational wedding ceremony, customized just for you performed at the Ladies Pavilion, Strawberry Fields, Bow Bridge, or any romantic Central Park location of your choice (except Conservatory Gardens) will be a memory to last a lifetime!
We also have a wonderful and intimate Office/wedding chapel on the Upper West Side of Manhattan on Riverside Drive near 79th Street, which will accommodate up to 10 people. In the event of inclement weather, you can have your ceremony at our Office or walk across the street to the Boat Basin where there is a wonderful covered area that offers protection from rain or snow.
Sorry but we DO NOT book weddings more than one year in advance!


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This year’s Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences 3rd annual “Run for your Life” proved to be a huge success. More than 600 runners and volunteers took to the streets of downtown Yakima on April 13th to raise money for Children’s Village and to spread the word about good health. Strong winds on the day of the run did not deter the runners and walkers. The event raised $10,000 for programs and services at the Village.
In acknowledgment for their generous contribution, the PNWU students received a personalized fruit box label displayed at the Village. The fruit box labels represent donors who have made significant contributions to the facility’s expansion, programs or services.
Children’s Village client and event participant 11-year-old Jack Reeves joined the students at the check presentation ceremony on April 30th.
PNWU students chose Children’s Village as the beneficiary of their fundraising efforts because they were impressed with the quality of care provided to children and families in the Yakima area who need these specialized services.
“We could think of no better way to say thank you to the community for helping to make our school a reality and allowing us to be part of the community than by donating the proceeds to a health promoting local organization,” said event organizer Traci Ackron.
A special thanks to the PNWU students who worked so hard to make the event a success!
Nick Hoffman, Kim Matz, Traci Ackron, Jackie McPhee, Jack Reeves, Dr. Diane Liebe, David Applebury, Jennie Olson, ARNP.
This entry was posted in Children's Village and tagged PNWU’s 5k run raises $10k for Children’s Village. Bookmark the permalink.


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If you are looking for a sport fishing guide Stonington CT, contact Reel Cast Charters, a full-time Connecticut-based light tackle fishing guide and charter service. We specialize in guided sport fishing in Stonington CT and surrounding Connecticut waters of Long Island Sound.
Our fishing guide service is unique because we do most of our fishing in shallow waters with light tackle in Stonington CT and surrounding water ways. Reel Cast Charters has carved a niche for itself in Stonington CT sport fishing, providing an experience to anglers like no other by targeting trophy-sized striped bass with light tackle. There is no trolling and no oversized conventional reels. Our clients fish live baits, top water and other artificial lures for big fish.
Experienced Fishing Guide Stonington CT – Book Today!
Reel Cast Charters offers customized fishing guide trips in Stonington CT and surrounding Connecticut water ways. If you are interested in the ultimate inshore angling experience unmatched in the Northeast, you have come to the right place. We look forward to fishing with you soon!

industry_corpus2: Sports


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Please allow 2-3 days for your supplement order to arrive. The pack leader products (those for fundraising) may in some case take 10-15 days to arrive. We source products from all over the world to bring you epic offers and the lowest prices. This means sometimes you have to wait a little longer to get your order but it's always worth it!
Ordering from Long Living Pets Nutrtion is 100% safe and secure so you can rest easy. Your personal details are never shared, sold or rented to anyone either.
I have been using the prevention pack for over a year now! Jake seems to be healthier than ever! The doctors gave him 3-6mos at best. I couldn't have done it without the help of Thomas!
I am very glad I was able to get the apricot seeds in capsule form. I am giving it to my 11 year old pappion Andy as prevention. He wouldn't do well with eating the seeds. Capsule form works for us !
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