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公开了一种无线电话系统使用的预付费用户帐户系统。 Discloses a prepaid user account system for a wireless telephone system. 该系统监控用户的呼叫,实时地从用户预付费帐户中扣除呼叫费用,当呼叫期间帐户余额接近用尽时警告用户,以及当帐户余额用尽时终止呼叫。 The system monitors the user's calls, real-time call charges deducted from the user's prepaid account to warn the user when the account balance is nearly empty during the call, and the call is terminated when the account balance is depleted. 当帐户余额用尽时该系统还能够防止新的呼叫启动。 When the account balance is exhausted The system can also prevent new call starts. 不同的选择还可以应用不同的收费费用,可以仅当满足规定的准则时收费,或者可以仅对规定区域或电话号码的呼叫收费。 Different options can also apply different charging fees can be charged only when the meet the specified criteria, or you can call toll area or only specified phone number. 该系统和方法使用信号技术,它允许对呼叫计费或发出帐单,以及由呼叫的实际交换机在远端进行任何授权或限制。 The system and method using the signal technology, which allows for call accounting or billing issue, and any authorized or restricted at the distal end of the call by the actual switch. 呼叫事件或可收费事件传送到预付费控制系统,同时在等待控制信息的交换系统中保持呼叫的通讯路径。 Call chargeable event or events to prepaid control system, while waiting for the communication path control information exchange system in the held call. 使用当前用于鉴别用户的现有器件来建立预付费服务用户的识别。 Using conventional means for discriminating the current user to establish a prepaid service user identification. 无线电话用户不必输入任何其他的代码或标识来获得接入预付费服务。 Wireless phone users do not have to enter a code or any other identification to gain access to prepaid services.
本发明涉及电话系统，尤其涉及对于无线电话用户的电话使用从用户帐户收费的系统和方法。 The present invention relates to telephone systems and more particularly relates to user phones for wireless telephone systems and methods charge account from a user. 特别地，它属于从预付费帐户实时地对无线电话用户收费并且当帐户余额用尽时立刻终止或限制他们的呼叫的系统和方法。 In particular, it belongs to the real-time wireless telephone user fees from a prepaid account and when the account balance is exhausted immediately terminate or restrict their system and method call.
长途业务公司和无线电话公司一般根据接入的实际呼叫和这些呼叫的持续时间对他们的用户开帐单。 Long distance and wireless phone services company based on the actual companies generally call access and duration of these calls billed to their users. 因为不可预见的呼叫模式使得对这些服务的总的费用不可预测，他们一般在这些呼叫完成之后每隔一定时间对用户开帐单。 Because of unforeseen call mode so that the total cost of these services is unpredictable, they generally after the call is completed at regular intervals for user billing. 然而，由于一些用户不适当的客户信贷分类而被拒绝这种特权。 However, since some users improper credit rating was refused this privilege. 另一方面，一些用户喜欢由他们的家庭成员或别的人控制电话使用，将呼叫限定在预定的总费用以内。 On the other hand, some users prefer by their family members or anyone else to use the phone to control the call within a predetermined limit of the total cost. 在这些情况下最好能够提供无线电话业务，同时减少无线电话业务供应商的坏帐，并且减少用户的过多费用。 In these cases it is best to provide wireless telephone service, wireless telephone service while reducing supplier of bad debts, and reduce excessive costs of users. 对于这种问题的一个解决方案是为无线电话业务提供一个预付费帐户。 For a solution to this problem is to provide a wireless telephone service prepaid account. 当电话费用增长时，它们简单地从这些帐户中扣除。 When the phone costs increase, they are simply debited from the account. 如果用户不维持足够的余额，则无线电话业务可能全部或部分禁止或中止，因此，减少了在没有限制的电话使用时固有的财务风险。 If the user does not maintain enough balance, the wireless phone business may prohibit or suspend in whole or in part, thus reducing the inherent limitations of the phone when not to use financial risk.
有两种基本的策略用于提供这种预付费帐户。 There are two basic strategies for providing such pre-paid account. 第一种方法监控帐单的记录并且将该记录与帐户余额相比较以确定何时帐户余额用尽，称为“热帐单(Hotbilling)”。 The first method for monitoring and recording of the billing account balance is compared with the record to determine when the account balance reaches zero, known as "hot billing (Hotbilling)".
然而，这些比较通常在每个电话呼叫完成之后进行。 However, these comparisons are usually performed after each phone call is completed. 电话业务费用的增长和帐户余额的减少之间的延迟允许用户在呼叫期间大大地超过他们的帐户余额。 The delay between growth and reduce the cost of telephone service account balance allows the user during the call greatly exceed their account balance. 因此，这种类型系统的预付费用户可能在服务供应商检测到超过余额并且终止或中断电话业务之前产生负的帐户余额。 Therefore, this type of system of prepaid users may be detected in the service provider have a negative account balance and balance than before termination or interruption of telephone service. 这种类型帐单系统的财务风险随着费用的增长和帐户对帐之间间隔的增加而增加。 This type of billing system of financial risk increases with the interval between cost increases and account reconciliation increases.
另一种方法提供了用于预付费呼叫的中继环路话音信道，它经过一个监控各个呼叫并且实时地计算费用的装置。 Another method for providing a voice channel repeater loop for the pre-paid call, it passes a monitoring device and the cost of each call is calculated in real time. 然而，这种类型的系统要求话音信道经过可能位于很远距离的监控装置绕行。 However, this type of system requires a voice channel may be located a great distance through the bypass monitoring device. 这种绕行可能需要大量附加的网络容量，因此，电话公司实现起来费用很多。 This detour may require significant additional network capacity, and therefore, the telephone company to implement a lot of expenses.
现有技术的中继环路系统的另一个限制是在漫游时不能使用这种系统。 Another limitation of the prior art relay loop system is such a system can not be used while roaming. 在现有技术中，预付费呼叫的线路经过连接到呼叫装置的归属交换机的监控装置。 In the prior art, pre-paid calling line is connected to the monitoring device of the home exchange of the calling device. 当呼叫装置漫游时，漫游区域交换机没有连接到预付费监控装置，因此，不能为呼叫者提供预付费服务。 When the calling device roaming, roaming region is not connected to the switch means to monitor prepayment, and therefore, the caller can not provide prepaid service.
现有技术中提供预付费无线电话业务的系统和方法具有明显的缺点。 Prior art systems and methods for providing prepaid wireless telephone service have significant drawbacks. 由于服务供应商感觉高费用和/或由于延迟处理带来的财务风险，他们反对实现两个中任何一种方法。 Since service providers feel the high cost and / or due to delay processing of financial risks, they are opposed to any kind of two methods to achieve.
当呼叫发生时，通过监控用户的无线电话呼叫的存在、确定呼叫增长的费用以及适当地减少帐户余额，本发明解决了上述问题。 When a call occurs, there is by monitoring the user's wireless telephone calls, calls to determine the growth of costs and appropriate reduction of the account balance, the present invention solves the above problems. 它不需要重定话音业务的线路并且能够在现有的移动交换中心(MSC)实现。 It does not need to re-route the voice traffic and can be implemented in existing mobile switching center (MSC). 本发明利用MSC的能力处理来自信令控制点(SCP)的呼叫控制指令并且将交互式话音响应(IVR)单元连接到进行中的呼叫中。 The present invention utilizes the processing capabilities of the MSC call control instructions from the signaling control point (SCP) and an interactive voice response (IVR) unit is connected to an ongoing call. 根据预定的最小帐户门限值，该系统具有如下能力，每当接近门限值时给用户发出警告通知，当到达门限值时断开呼叫，并且中断另外的呼叫直到再补充帐户余额为止。 The account predetermined minimum threshold, the system has the following capabilities, whenever close to the threshold issue a warning notice to the user when the call reaches the threshold is disconnected, and the call is interrupted until further until the account balance replenishment. 也可以使用另一个选择，如限制某些电话号码、某些呼叫区域或某些地理范围的电话呼叫。 Another option may be used, such as restrictions on certain numbers, certain geographical areas or certain range of the call telephone call.
用户通过使用标准的现金、支票或汇票支付、通过预先授权的信用卡支付或通过授权销售商的借方卡的购货金额，可以对帐户充值。 User by using the standard cash, check or money order payment, or the amount of purchases through authorized vendors debit card, you can recharge your account through a pre-authorized credit card.
本发明优选实施例在计算机系统中用软件实现，该系统能够集成到现有的电话通讯系统中用于包括蜂窝式和PCS电话的无线电话。 Preferred embodiments of the present invention is implemented in software using a computer system that can be integrated into a conventional wireless telephone for telephone communication systems including cellular and PCS telephones. 本发明用于在交换系统和预付费控制系统之间传递呼叫状态的系统和方法。 The present invention is a system and method for delivering a call state between a switching system and a prepaid control system. 交换机和预付费系统之间的协议定义了特定的命令和响应码，它们在不同的部件之间传递以允许在分布式网络上产生特定的动作。 Agreement between the switch and the prepaid system defines a particular command and response code, which is transmitted to allow the specific actions on the distributed network between different components. 每个命令和响应码可以包括不同的参数。 Each command and the response code may include different parameters. 本发明使用现有协议中附加的命令、响应和参数在交换系统和预付费控制系统之间传递信号以实现基于网络的预付费服务。 The present invention uses additional command in the existing protocol, in response parameter passing signals between the switching system and the control system to implement prepaid network-based pre-paid service.
本发明的一个技术优点是系统能够监控呼叫的状态并且实时地调整相关的帐户余额，使得每当预付费帐户的资金用尽就立即修改或终止服务。 A technical advantage of the invention is the state able to monitor calls in real time and adjust the related account balance, so that whenever a prepaid account runs out of funds immediately to modify or terminate the service.
另一个优点是这种监控的话音信道的线路是它正常的路径，不用重定线路。 Another advantage is that this line voice channel is monitored its normal path, without re-wiring.
前面已经相当广泛地概括地说明了本发明的特点和技术优点，使得可以更好地理解下面本发明的详细描述。 The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the described invention, may be better understood so that the following detailed description of the present invention. 以后由本发明的权利要求书的内容描述本发明另外的特点和优点。 After the description of the present invention further features and advantages of the present invention as claimed by the contents of the book requirements. 本领域的技术人员应该理解公开的概念和特定的实施例可以容易地用作修改或设计实现本发明相同目的的其他结构的基础。 Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception and the disclosed specific embodiment may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for the same purposes of the present invention. 本领域的技术人员还应该认识到这种等效的结构不背离附加的权利要求书中提出的本发明的精神和范围。 Those skilled in the art should also realize that such equivalent constructions do not claim departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims set forth the present invention.
为了更全面地理解本发明，现在参照附图详细描述本发明的优点，其中：图1是使用本发明的无线预付费系统的方框图；图2是说明本发明例子中用户登记的流程图；图3是说明本发明例子中呼叫方的流程图；图4是说明本发明例子中如何播放警告通知的流程图；图5是说明当用户用完预付费帐户余额时本发明例子如何操作的流程图；图6是说明本发明例子中呼叫传递的流程图；图7是说明本发明例子中差错处理的流程图；图8是说明本发明例子中防止欺诈的流程图；以及图9是现有技术预付费无线系统的方框图。 For a more complete understanding of the present invention, the advantages of the present invention Referring now to the detailed description, wherein: FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the wireless prepayment system of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an example of the present invention described in the user registration; FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of the present invention is described in a calling party; FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a warning notice how to play the present invention; FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the present invention, when a user uses a prepaid account when the balance of how ; FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of the present invention is described in the call transfer; FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an example of the present invention described error processing; FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the present invention, in fraud prevented; and FIG. 9 is a prior art a block diagram of a pre-paid wireless system.
在描述本发明的操作之前，描述图9示出的现有技术无线预付费监控装置的操作是有益的。 Prior to operation of the present invention will be described, the prior art described in FIG 9 illustrates a wireless prepaid operation monitoring means is advantageous. MSC901与无线装置902通讯，该装置可以被分配一个预付费无线服务帐户。 MSC901 902 and a wireless communication device that can be assigned a prepaid wireless service account. 当装置902开始呼叫一个被叫号码如公共交换电话网(PSTN)903中的号码时，MSC901确定装置902被分配一个预付费帐户，因此，该呼叫的费用必须与当前预付费帐户余额相比较。 When the calling device 902 starts a called number such as a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 903 in number, MSC901 determining means 902 is assigned a pre-paid account, and therefore, the cost of the call must be prepaid account balance is compared with the current. 预付费监控装置904用于监控呼叫的费用。 Prepaid expenses monitoring device 904 for monitoring the call.
为了监控呼叫的费用，通过确定无线装置902的话音信道经过监控装置904,MSC901中继环路呼叫。 In order to monitor the cost of the call, the voice channel monitoring apparatus 902 via 904, MSC901 loop relay wireless device by determining a call. 因此，装置902和被叫方之间的话音信道增加了链路905和906。 Thus, the voice channel between the device 902 and the called party links 905 and 906 increases. 这种中继环路可能引起信号路径的延迟和噪声。 This loop may cause the relay and the noise signal delay path. 另外，对于服务供应商它导致额外的设备和维护费用。 In addition, service providers that result in additional equipment and maintenance costs.
图1是体现本发明的通讯系统的例子。 FIG 1 is an example of a communication system embodying the present invention. SCP101和SCP102被配置为完成预付费用途的一对冗余处理器。 SCP101 SCP102 and configured to complete a pair of pre-paid use of redundant processors. SCP101、SCP102连接到通讯网络103，该网络可以是7号信令系统(SS7)网络。 SCP101, SCP102 is connected to a communications network 103, the network may be a Signaling System 7 (SS7) network. MSC104也连接到网络103，该网络允许MSC104与SCP101和SCP102交换数据。 MSC104 also connected to network 103, which network allows the MSC104 SCP102 SCP101 and exchange data. IVR105也连接到网络103，以这种方式允许与SCP101和SCP102以及MSC104交换消息和数据。 IVR105 also connected to network 103, in such a way and allow the SCP101 SCP102 MSC104 and exchange messages and data.
用户单元106与MSC104进行无线电通讯。 User radio communication unit 106 and MSC104. 归属位置寄存器(HLR)107是包括与用户单元有关信息的数据库，它们分配给MSC104作为它们的归属交换机。 A home location register (HLR) 107 database that includes information about the subscriber unit, assign them to MSC104 as their home exchange. 当用户单元106试图在MSC104上登记时，如果单元106归属于MSC104，交换机将从HLR107获得单元106的当前配置数据。 When the subscriber unit 106 attempts to register on the MSC104, if the unit 106 is attributable to the MSC104, the switch HLR107 obtaining unit 106 from the current configuration data. 如果单元106正在漫游并且它归属于另一个MSC(未示出)，则MSC104将从用户单元106的归属HLR(未示出)获得单元106的配置数据。 If the cell 106 is roaming and which belongs to another MSC (not shown), the MSC104 from the subscriber unit the home HLR (not shown) the configuration data obtaining unit 106 106. 用于漫游用户单元的配置数据存储在访问者位置寄存器(VLR)108中。 Storing configuration data for a roaming subscriber unit in the visitor location register (VLR) 108.
一旦MSC104具有用户单元106的配置数据，MSC104可以经过PSTN109将单元106连接到被叫方。 Once the MSC 104 with the user configuration data unit 106, MSC104 PSTN109 may pass the cell 106 is connected to the called party. 另一方面，MSC104能够确定从PSTN109到用户单元106的呼入线路。 On the other hand, MSC104 PSTN109 can be determined from the incoming line to the subscriber unit 106.
在一个本发明实施例中，SCP101和SCP102包括具有适当性能以提供预付费呼叫业务的软件。 In one embodiment of the present invention, SCP101 SCP102 include suitable properties and to provide a pre-paid calling service software. SCP101和SCP102的预付费呼叫功能模块在这里称为呼叫监控模块。 SCP101 SCP102 and prepaid calling function modules referred to herein as call monitoring module. 这个功能模块可以安装在现有的无线电话业务设备中，或者可以包括特别为此目的准备的独立的计算机。 This function module can be installed in an existing wireless telephone service device, or may comprise separate computers specially prepared for this purpose. 呼叫监控模块能够结合现有的电话交换系统操作，包括位于不同的地理位置的多个MSC、HLR以及IVR，以有效减少成本的方式在大范围内提供有关功能模块。 Call monitoring module capable of binding to a conventional telephone switching system operation, it includes a plurality of different geographical locations MSC, HLR and IVR, in order to effectively reduce the cost way to provide the relevant functional modules in a wide range. MSC104与无线装置如单元106通讯，在进行呼叫时单元106在MSC104的地理范围内。 MSC104 with the wireless device, such as communications unit 106, during a call within the geographical unit 106 of MSC104. HLR如107包含每个用户的数据库，每个用户被预先分配一个特定的HLR。 The HLR 107 includes a database for each user, each user is preassigned a particular HLR.
IVR105能够播放预先编程的话音消息并且能够通过MSC104连接到用户单元106以播放规定的话音消息。 IVR105 capable of playing pre-programmed voice message and can be connected to the subscriber unit 106 to play the voice message predetermined by MSC104. 在一个特定的呼叫中涉及的MSC、HLR和IVR一般经过数字网络如网络103相互通讯，这里每个装置具有一个网络地址。 MSC involved in a particular call, the HLR via digital networks in general and IVR 103 communicate with each other as network, where each device has a network address. 这些不同系统之间的通讯能够通过美国国家标准学会第41节(IS-41)定义的通讯协议来进行。 Communication between these different systems can be carried out Society Section (IS-41) of 41 as defined by the American National Standards protocol.
IS-41定义了通讯装置之间交换的一系列命令、响应和相关的数据，其中命令和响应可以包括相关的数据。 IS-41 defines a series of commands exchanged between the communication device, and data related to the response, which may include commands and responses related data. 这种信息的形式可以大致分为命令(装置之间的请求以完成一个功能)、响应(对命令的应答，发出请求的功能已完成的信号)以及参数(能够在命令或响应中传送的数据，它表示特定的操作或触发)。 This information may be roughly divided form as commands (requests between devices to perform a function), a response (a response to the command function, requesting signal has been completed) and a parameter (command or response can be transmitted in the data it represents a specific operation or trigger). 操作是能够完成的功能，而触发表示启动操作的状态标记。 Operations are able to complete the function, and trigger indicate status flag to start the operation. MSC的操作、HLR的操作、IVR的操作和标准IS-41是通讯领域普通技术人员公知的，它们总的特性在这里不再描述。 Operation of the MSC, the HLR operation, IVR operation and the communication standard IS-41 is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, and their overall characteristics are not described here. 然而，下面详细描述通过使用特定的IS-41命令、响应、参数、操作和触发与MSC和IVR通讯，定义本发明例子如何以新颖的和不明显的方式与这些现有的系统配合以提供所需的结果。 However, through the use of the following detailed description of the IS-41 specific commands, responses, parameters, operation and triggers the MSC and IVR communication, the present invention is an example of how to define novel and non-obvious manner with those of conventional systems to provide required results.
在描述的优选实施例中，语音路径没有连接到SCP101或SCP102，这样去除了其它预付费应用所要求的环路中继的低效率。 In the described preferred embodiment, the speech path is not connected to the SCP101 or SCP102, so that in addition to the low efficiency of other applications require prepayment loop relayed. 现有的MSC操作、HLR操作和IVR操作完成它们正常的功能，这样允许本发明集成到现有的系统中，而不用在新的资源上大投资或将旧的资源花费报废。 The operation of the conventional MSC, the HLR operation is completed operation and IVR their normal function, which allows the present invention is integrated into existing systems without major investment of resources spent or scrap the old on new resources.
当无线装置106和被叫方如PSTN109中的号码之间开始呼叫时，MSC104创建装置106和PSTN109之间的直接连接，不用中继环路语音信号。 When the wireless device 106 and the called party number as in between PSTN109 initiate a call, MSC104 create a direct connection between the device 106 and the PSTN109, without relaying voice signal loop. 作为呼叫建立的一部分，MSC104确定装置106与预付费帐户有关。 As part of the call setup, MSC104 determining means 106 associated with the prepaid account. 因此，MSC104通知适当的SCP101或SCP102开始监控呼叫的费用。 Therefore, MSC104 notify the appropriate SCP101 or SCP102 begin monitoring the cost of the call. 然后，SCP101或SCP102使用呼叫监控模块(CMM)110开始监控呼叫。 Then, SCP101 or SCP102 use call monitoring module (CMM) 110 starts to monitor the call. MSC104提供给SCP101或SCP102的CMM110某些用于呼叫的参数，CMM110计算呼叫的运行费用。 MSC104 supplied to the SCP101 or SCP102 CMM110 certain parameters for the call, CMM110 calculating operating costs of the call. 这个运行费用从预付费帐户余额中扣除。 The running costs paid account balance is deducted from the pre. 当呼叫完成时，MSC104命令适当的SCP停止监控呼叫。 When the call is complete, the appropriate SCP MSC104 command to stop monitoring the call.
如果呼叫的费用接近或超过门限值，CMM110促使MSC104与IVR105协商进入呼叫路径，使得IVR105能够播放适当的警告消息。 If the cost of the call close to or exceeds the threshold, CMM110 promote MSC104 consultation with IVR105 into the call path, making IVR105 able to play an appropriate warning message. 当预付费帐户余额低于预选值时CMM110还能够命令MSC104终止呼叫。 When the pre-paid account balance is below a preselected value CMM110 can also command the MSC104 terminate the call.
应该理解虽然在说明的例子中描述的许多触发、检测点、操作和消息是当前IS-41标准的部分，但是其他的触发、检测点、操作或消息也可以在以后的时间加到IS-41标准中。 It should be understood that many trigger detection point, while operations and messages described in the example illustrated is part of the current IS-41 standard, but other trigger detection point, the operation may be added to the message or IS-41 at a later time standard. 另外，这里描述的各种触发和检测点可以是符合IS-41标准的系统中使用的选择特性。 In addition, various detection points triggering and described herein may be selected in line with the characteristics of the IS-41 standard used in the system.
为了与这里描述的示范系统的呼叫监控模块正确地配合，MSC104要求四个基本的性能：1． For the exemplary system described herein to monitor the call module properly fitted, MSC104 four basic performance requirements: 1. MSC应该支持下面的事件：开始触发，“O_应答”和“O_断开”以及终止触发，“T_应答”和“T_断开”。 MSC should support the following events: start trigger, "O_ response" and "O_ off" and the stop trigger, "T_ response" and "T_ off."
2． 2. 支持触发地址列表参数以发送开始请求(ORREQ)消息到呼叫监控模块。 Support trigger address list parameter transmission start request (the ORREQ) message to the call monitoring module.
3． 3. 在使用Connect Resource和SRFDirective消息(特定的IS-41消息)的双向呼叫期间允许呼叫连接和呼叫关闭能力。 In the bidirectional use during a call and SRFDirective message Connect Resource (IS-41 specific message) and allows the call off call connection capabilities.
4． 4. 提供用户的地理位置。 Provide the user's location.
下面描述使用公知的电话网络系统中当前可利用的特定参数的优选实施例。 The specific parameters are described below using a known telephone network systems currently available preferred embodiment. 这些参数和它们的识别名称对于本领域的普通技术人员是公知的，因此，这里不做详细的描述。 These parameters and their identification names to those of ordinary skill in the art are well known, and therefore, not described in detail herein.
用户登记当用户打开他或她的无线电话并且与最近的MSC建立通讯链路时进行登记。 User registration when a user opens his or her wireless phone and register with the recent establishment of the MSC communication links. MSC从它唯一的地址识别特定的无线电话并且为它能够用于连接的持续时间设定适当的操作数据。 MSC identifies a specific radiotelephone from its unique address and it can be used for the duration of the connection setting appropriate operational data. 如图2所示，用户登记在步骤201开始，在步骤202无线电话打开，并且在步骤203发送它唯一的识别地址到最近的MSC。 As shown, the user registration starts in step 2201, the wireless telephone is opened at step 202, and transmits its unique identification address to the nearest MSC in step 203. 根据这唯一的地址，在步骤204MSC确定哪个HLR与该特定的电话有关，并且在步骤205发送登记通知命令RegNot到该HLR。 According to this unique address, which is determined at step 204MSC HLR relating to the specific telephone, and sends a registration notification command 205 at step RegNot to the HLR. RegNot命令规定这个特定的MSC支持的选择触发。 RegNot order provides support this particular selection of MSC trigger. 参数transcap包括在命令中并且用于表示MSC可以处理触发地址列表。 Transcap parameters included in the command for indicating the MSC can handle and trigger address list. 还包括参数wincap以表示MSC支持哪些触发类型(如'忙'和'无应答')，以及它支持哪些操作(如'复位定时器'，'连接资源'以及'协商操作')。 Wincap also include a parameter to indicate the MSC support which trigger type (such as 'busy' and 'no answer'), and it supports what actions (such as 'reset timer', 'connection resources' and 'negotiation operation').
在步骤206,HLR检索识别的无线电话的用户文档数据库，包括用户的性能和允许动作的信息。 In step 206, HLR retrieves the identified wireless telephone user documentation database, including the user's performance operation and permission information. 假定服务的MSC的性能和用户的文档中设定的特性，在步骤207,HLR采用参数trigaddrlist响应RegNot命令，该参数规定可用于这个用户的特定的触发类型和与每次触发有关的装置的网络地址。 Assuming the user service performance and characteristics of the document set in the MSC in step 207, HLR using the parameters trigaddrlist RegNot response command, the parameter can be specified for a particular trigger type for the user and the network associated with each triggering device address. 这个信息包括本发明的呼叫监控模块的数据。 This information includes data call monitoring module of the present invention. 在步骤208,MSC将这个信息存储在它的访问者位置寄存器(VLR)中，该寄存器是仅为这次呼叫期间创建的临时用户数据库。 In step 208, MSC stores this information in its visitor location register (VLR), the register is only for the casual user database created during a call. 在步骤209完成登记，直到试图对用户呼叫或用户对外呼叫为止才有其它相关的动作。 Completion of the registration in step 209, until the user attempts to call or an outbound call until the user have other associated actions.
呼叫监控模块不参与用户登记序列。 Call monitoring module does not participate in user registration sequence. 然而，这个步骤对于MSC建立了呼叫监控模块，并且提供允许MSC与之通讯的有关参数。 However, this step calls for the establishment of a monitoring module MSC, and provide relevant parameter allows the MSC communicates.
3． 3. 服务的MSC支持Connect Resource(连接资源)操作。 MSC services support Connect Resource (connection resources) operations.
图3步骤301示出的CALL ORIGINATION序列涉及MSC、HLR、呼叫监控模块(CMM)以及IVR之间的一系列通讯。 CALL ORIGINATION sequence shown in FIG. 3, step 301 involves a series of communications between the MSC, HLR, the call monitoring module (CMM) and IVR. 在一个实施例中，CMM可以体现为驻留在SCP如图1的SCP101或SCP102上的软件。 In one embodiment, CMM can be embodied as software residing on SCP101 or SCP102 SCP in FIG. 1. 另一方面，CMM可以是MSC中完成的功能。 On the other hand, CMM can be done in the MSC function. 当服务的MSC104接收来自用户106采用拨号数字的正常的呼叫方信号时处理开始。 When receiving a service from a user MSC104 normal call origination signal 106 starts processing using the dialed digits. 在步骤302,MSC104确定用户具有使能的触发并且发送开始请求命令(ORREQ)到呼叫监控模块(CMM)。 In step 302, MSC104 determined that the user has and sends the trigger can start request command (the ORREQ) to call the monitoring module (CMM). trigtype参数表示为什么通过识别启动消息的触发类型来路由消息。 trigtype parameter indicates why the activation trigger the type of message to route messages through recognition. wincap参数表示服务的MSC支持Connect Resource操作。 wincap parameter indicates the serving MSC supports Connect Resource operations. dgtsdial参数表示用户拨号的电话号码。 dgtsdial parameter indicates the user dials the phone number.
如果呼叫监控模块确定必须在接入呼叫之前将通知播放给用户，则在步骤303呼叫监控模块启动PLAY ANNOUNCEMENT通讯序列。 If the call monitoring module determines it is necessary to inform played to the user before accessing the call, the start PLAY ANNOUNCEMENT communication sequence at step 303 call monitoring module. 图4描述了播放通知的序列。 Figure 4 depicts the sequence of playback notification.
如图4所示，PLAY ANNOUNCEMENT序列在步骤401开始，在步骤402呼叫监控模块发送Seize Resource(占用资源)命令(SEIZERES)到有关的IVR。 4, PLAY ANNOUNCEMENT sequence begins at step 401, at step 402 transmitting a call Seize Resource monitoring module (footprint) command (SEIZERES) related to IVR. 这个命令包括参数plind(优选的语言指示符)以规定发给用户的任何通知的语言(英语、西班牙语、法语等)。 This command includes parameters plind (preferred language indicator) issued regulations to notify users of any language (English, Spanish, French, etc.). 当IVR接收这个命令时，在步骤403它对呼叫监控模块的响应包括参数tldn(临时的本地电话簿号码)，它规定了拨号电话号码，通过该号码IVR能够连接用于话音通讯。 When the IVR receives this command, its response to a call monitoring module 403 includes the step of parameter TLDN (Temporary Local Directory Number), which defines the dialed telephone number, through which the IVR number for voice communications can be connected. 然后，在步骤404，呼叫监控模块采用tldn参数发送Connect Resource命令到MSC。 Then, at step 404, the call monitoring module parameters are transmitted using tldn Connect Resource command to the MSC. 在步骤405，MSC使用这个信息来访问IVR并且建立与它的话音连接。 In step 405, MSC uses this information to access the IVR and voice connect to it. 一旦接入这个呼叫，在步骤406,IVR发送指令请求(INSTREQ)到呼叫监控模块请求呼叫处理指令。 Once access to the call, at step 406, IVR sends an instruction request (INSTREQ) to call the monitoring module requesting call processing instructions. 在步骤407，呼叫监控模块采用表示播放哪个通知的通知参数annlist发送RUIDIR命令到IVR。 In step 407, the monitoring module uses a notification call parameter which transmits RUIDIR notification command to play annlist IVR.
在步骤408,IVR经过拨号连接播放必要的通知到MSC,MSC传递该通知到用户的电话。 In step 408, IVR via dial-up connection to the play necessary notification MSC, MSC delivers the notification to the user's telephone. 一旦通知完成，在步骤409和410，通过相互发送适当的响应，IVR和呼叫监控模块将INSTREQ和RUIDIR命令序列关闭。 Upon completion notification, at step 409 and 410, to each other by sending an appropriate response, IVR and call monitoring module and RUIDIR INSTREQ off command sequence. 在呼叫之前和之后与IVR的相互作用的现有技术是无线领域的技术人员公知的。 Before and after the prior art call with the IVR interaction of the wireless field is well known in the art. 当进行呼叫时，采用本发明与IVR的相互作用是新颖的。 When making a call with the IVR interaction using the present invention are novel.
返回到图3，一旦步骤303的通知完成，在步骤304呼叫监控模块响应来自服务的MSC的ORREQ命令，提供动作码参数actcode，在步骤305，它告诉MSC停止与IVR的拨号连接，使用用户先前提供的路由数字建立一个新的呼叫。 Returning to Figure 3, notification, when step 303 is completed, at step 304 the call monitoring module in response to the MSC ORREQ command from the service providing operation code parameter ACTCODE, at step 305, it tells the MSC stops the dial-up connection IVR, the user previously routing figures provided by the establishment of a new call. 在步骤306，使用这里没有描述的公知的过程，MSC接入用户的请求呼叫。 In step 306, using a known procedure not described here, the MSC call access request of the user. 在步骤307，当MSC检测到应答时，它确定用户使能应答触发并且发送ORREQ命令到呼叫监控模块。 In step 307, a response is detected when the MSC, which enable users to determine response to the trigger command and transmits ORREQ call monitoring module. trigtype参数用于表示“应答”。 trigtype parameter is used to mean "response." 在步骤308，呼叫监控模块启动呼叫定时器，开始监控用户的帐户，并且响应来自MSC的ORREQ命令。 In step 308, the call monitoring module starts the call timer, begin to monitor the user's account, and in response to commands from the MSC ORREQ. 此时，呼叫被连接并且不必进行其他与呼叫监控模块的通讯直到呼叫结束或呼叫监控模块启动一个新的动作为止。 At this point, the call is connected and that no further communication with the call monitoring module until the end of the call or the call monitoring module start up a new action.
当呼叫完成时，在步骤309服务的MSC检测断开，确定用户使能断开触发并且在步骤310发送另一个ORREQ到呼叫监控模块。 When the call is completed, the MSC 309 and services disconnection detecting step, determining that the user enable off trigger and transmits the call to the other ORREQ monitoring module at step 310. 现在，trigtype参数用于表示“断开”。 Now, trigtype parameter indicates "off." 在步骤311，呼叫监控模块停止呼叫定时器，停止监控用户帐户，并且在步骤312使用actcode参数响应ORREQ命令，该参数告诉MSC断开所有各方。 In step 311, the call monitoring module stops the call timer, stop monitoring user account and use 312 actcode parameter response ORREQ command in step, which tells the MSC disconnect all parties.
在呼叫建立期间，如果服务的MSC检测到“忙”或“无应答”(未示出)，它可以采用表示该状态的trigtype参数，发送一个ORREQ命令到呼叫监控模块。 During call setup, the MSC is detected if the service "busy" or "no answer" (not shown), which can be expressed using parameters trigtype this state, transmitting a command to call the monitoring module ORREQ. 该呼叫监控模块能够采用动作码参数和终止列表参数响应以重新更改该呼叫方向，可能到IVR，播放一个适当的通知到用户。 The call monitoring module can employ an action code termination list parameters and parameter changes in response to the call re-direction, possibly to IVR, it plays an appropriate notification to the user.
呼叫期间用户帐户用尽图5示出呼叫期间用户用尽他或她的帐户余额时接下来的通讯序列。 During the call user account exhausted Figure 5 shows the next time the user during the call exhausted his or her account balance communication sequence. 这个序列假定服务的MSC支持协商性能，在步骤501用户已经开始一个呼叫，并且当呼叫监控模块监控到帐户已经用尽或用完时该呼叫当前是激活的。 This sequence assumes that the serving MSC support the negotiation of performance, at step 501, the user has started a call and when the call monitoring module to monitor the account has been exhausted or the current call is active when depleted.
呼叫监控模块通过在断开呼叫之前可以使用的预定几分钟(例如，三分钟)播放消息，可以提前给用户提供帐户余额接近用完的警告。 Call monitoring module by a predetermined several minutes prior to disconnecting the call may be used (e.g., three minutes) play message, you may provide advance warning of the near end account balance to the user. 这种确定一般基于充值率和各种其它相关的数据。 This determination is generally based on the recharge rate and various other related data. 在呼叫期间，在步骤502通过定期地减去适当的量值并且检查得到的余额，呼叫监控模块监控帐户余额。 During the call, at step 502 by subtracting the appropriate magnitude and periodically checks the balance obtained, call monitoring module monitors the account balance. 在步骤503，当呼叫监控模块检测到警告门限值时，在步骤504，呼叫监控模块启动一个警告通知到用户。 In step 503, when the call monitoring module detects a warning threshold, at step 504, the monitoring module starts a call alert notification to the user. 除了步骤407的annlist参数规定了'警告'通知以外，它遵循先前图4描述的过程。 In addition to step 407 annlist parameter specifies the 'warning' beyond notification, which follow the procedure previously described in FIG 4. 当通知序列完成时，在步骤505，呼叫监控模块发送DISCONNECT RESOURCE命令到MSC，在步骤506,actcode参数告诉MSC断开到IVR的协商呼叫连接，同时使各方之间的连接保持不动。 When the notification sequence is complete, at step 505, the monitoring module sends the call to the MSC DISCONNECT RESOURCE command, at step 506, actcode parameter tells the MSC to disconnect the IVR consultation call connection while the connection between the parties remain intact. 这时完成了给用户的警告消息，在步骤507，处理返回到正常的帐户余额的监控。 Then completed a warning message to the user, at step 507, the process returns to normal monitor your account balances.
在步骤508，一旦呼叫监控模块确定帐户余额已经用完，在步骤509，它发出一个终止消息告诉用户该呼叫被终止。 In step 508, the monitoring module determines the call once the account balance has been used up, at step 509, it sends a termination message telling the user that the call is terminated. 除了步骤407的annlist参数规定'终止'消息播放到用户以外，它遵循先前图4描述的序列。 In addition to step 407 the predetermined parameters annlist 'termination' message to a user other than the player, it follows the sequence previously described in FIG 4. 一旦发出通知，在步骤510，呼叫监控模块采用actcode参数发送给MSC一个SRF DIRECTIVE命令，该参数告诉MSC断开所有各方。 Upon notification, at step 510, the monitoring module call to the MSC using a parameter actcode SRF DIRECTIVE command tells the MSC disconnect all parties. 在步骤511,MSC断开所有各方并且在步骤512响应SRF DIRECTIVE命令以结束该序列。 In step 511, MSC and disconnect all parties at step 512 in response to a command to end the SRF DIRECTIVE sequence. 一旦断开用户，呼叫监控模块的任何相关定时器停止并且帐户余额监控终止。 Once the user is disconnected, any relevant monitoring module call timer is stopped and the account balance monitoring is terminated. 现在在允许用户接入或接收与这个帐户有关的任何更多的呼叫之前，他或她必须给帐户充值。 Before now allows users to access or receive any more calls associated with this account, he or she must be prepaid to the account.
呼叫传递对于无线电话用户的输入呼叫也进行记帐。 For call transfer calling radio telephone user input is also billing. 图6示出处理输入呼叫的序列。 Figure 6 shows a sequence of processes incoming call. 该处理假定：1． This process assumes: 1. 服务的MSC支持协商性能。 MSC consultation service support performance.
5． 5. 服务的MSC支持设备选择和可利用(FAVAIL)触发。 MSC services support triggering device selection and use (FAVAIL).
这个处理的第一步是归属MSC建立到服务的MSC的连接，归属MSC服务于始发者的无线电话，服务的MSC服务于用户的无线电话。 The first step in this process is to establish a home MSC to the serving MSC connection, wireless telephone service in the home MSC originator, MSC services and services to users of wireless phones. 这个步骤遵循的过程是本领域普通技术人员公知的，因此这里不作详细的描述。 This process step is followed by those of ordinary skill in the art is well known, and thus will not be described in detail herein. 这些过程使用户的电话打开并且登记在服务的MSC上。 These processes enable a user to open and telephone services registered on the MSC. 一旦这已经建立，在步骤601,CALL DELIVERY(呼叫传递)处理开始，在步骤602，服务的MSC采用表示输入呼叫的trigtype参数以及表示任何可能的话音消息的优先语言的plind参数，发送设备选择和可利用的(FAVAIL)命令到呼叫监控模块。 plind parameters Once this has been established, in, CALL DELIVERY (call transfer) process starts at step 601, at step 602, MSC services using trigtype parameter indicates an incoming call and indicates any possible voice message priority language, transmitting device selection and available (FAVAIL) command to call the monitoring module.
如果呼叫监控模块确定用户具有足够的帐户余额来接收呼叫，在步骤603，它通过返回表示'连续处理'的actcode参数，响应FAVAIL命令。 If call monitoring module determines that the user has a sufficient account balance to receive the call, at step 603, it means 'continuous processes' actcode the parameters returned in response FAVAIL command. 然后，在步骤604，服务的MSC建立呼叫，在步骤605，如果服务的MSC检测到用户电话的应答，在步骤606，它采用表示'应答'的trigtype参数，发送ORREQ命令到呼叫监控模块。 Then, based on step 604, MSC service call, in step 605, MSC if the response to the service user's telephone is detected, at step 606, it uses means 'response' of trigtype parameters, call send command to the monitoring module ORREQ. 然后，在步骤607，呼叫监控模块启动定时器，开始监控用户帐户余额，并且响应ORREQ命令。 Then, in step 607, the call monitoring module starts a timer to start monitoring user account balances, and respond ORREQ command. 此时，继续以正常的方式处理连接的呼叫，在MSC和呼叫监控模块之间没有其他的通讯直到由各方结束该呼叫为止。 At this point, we continue to be the normal way to deal with call connection, no other communication by the parties until the end of the call until the call between the MSC and the monitoring module. 当各方挂机时，在步骤608,MSC检测到这一点，并且在步骤609，采用表示'断开'的trigtype参数发送ORREQ命令到呼叫监控模块。 When the hook parties, at step 608, MSC detects this and, in step 609, using the means 'OFF' the ORREQ trigtype parameters sent to the call command monitoring module. 然后，在步骤610，呼叫监控模块停止呼叫定时器和帐户余额监控，在步骤611响应ORREQ命令以结束对这个序列的处理。 Then, at step 610, the call monitoring module call timer is stopped and account balances to monitor, at step 611 the command to end the processing ORREQ in response to this sequence.
在接收上述FAVAIL命令之后，如果呼叫监控模块确定用户没有足够的帐户余额来接收输入的呼叫，在步骤603，呼叫监控模块可以采用表示'中断呼叫'的actcode参数，响应FAVAIL命令，服务的MSC可以使用标准过程来进行以指示主叫用户，拨号方是不能使用的。 After receiving the FAVAIL command, if the call monitoring module determines that the user does not have sufficient account balance to receive the incoming call, at step 603, the call monitoring module may employ represent 'interrupt call apos actcode parameter response FAVAIL command, the MSC service may using standard procedures to indicate to the caller, the calling party can not be used. 此时，呼叫监控模块将正常地终止处理，没有任何其他的到服务的MSC或IVR的通讯。 In this case, the monitoring module will normally call termination process, no communication of any other IVR or MSC to the service.
差错处理和预防欺诈呼叫监控模块也能够提供例外情况的选择，如周期地检查以确定双方仍然连接。 Error handling and prevention of fraud call monitoring module can also provide a selection of exceptional circumstances, such as periodically checks to determine if the two sides are still connected. 如果另一方已经挂机，但是用户无意地保持了他的无线电话连接，他也许不知道要为可能用尽整个帐户的连续电话呼叫付费。 If the other party has already hook, but the user has no intention to keep his wireless phone connection, he may not know is likely to be exhausted continuous telephone calls to pay the entire account.
如图7所示，步骤701的ERROR HANDLING像往常一样在步骤702和703建立呼叫，但是在步骤704进行周期性间隔的检测，在步骤705，呼叫监控模块可以发送服务请求命令(SERVICEREQ)到MSC。 FIG ERROR HANDLING 7, step 701 of establishing a call as usual in steps 702 and 703, it is detected at step 704 periodically spaced, at step 705, the monitoring module may transmit the service call request command (SERVICEREQ) to the MSC . 该命令可以包含信息请求参数leginfo，请求呼叫的当前状态。 The command may include information request parameters leginfo, to request the current status of the call. 如果两端仍然连接呼叫，在步骤706服务的MSC可以采用表示'连续处理'的actcode参数来响应。 If the call is still connected at both ends, the MSC may employ a step 706 and services means 'continuous processes' actcode parameters of response. 如果另一方已经断开，服务的MSC可以通过返回表示'断开呼叫'的actcode参数来响应。 If the other party has been disconnected, MSC services may respond by returning an 'off call apos actcode parameters. 在任何一种情况下，MSC将遵循步骤707规定的动作。 In either case, MSC 707 will follow the step of the predetermined operation.
图8示出系统如何用来检测和预防某些类型的欺诈，如步骤801的FRAUD PREVENT描述的。 Figure 8 illustrates how the system for detecting and preventing certain types of fraud, as in step 801 described FRAUD PREVENT. 呼叫监控模块能够提供一种选择的服务，如果呼叫正在进行它就自动地检测希望使用用户帐户的各种尝试。 Call Monitoring module can provide an alternative service, if the call is in progress it will automatically detect the user wishes to use various attempts to account. 在步骤802，当MSC发送ORREQ命令以启动使用用户帐户的呼叫时，在步骤803，呼叫监控模块可以检测正在使用的帐户。 In step 802, when the MSC sends a command to start using the ORREQ call user account, the account at step 803, the monitoring module may detect the call is being used. 如果检测到这一点，在步骤804，呼叫监控模块可以采用actcode参数响应ORREQ命令，在步骤805，该参数告诉MSC中断新的呼叫(以及可能终止当前的呼叫)。 If it is detected at step 804, the monitoring module may be used actcode call parameter in response ORREQ command, at step 805, the interrupt tells the MSC new call (and possibly terminating the current call). 然后，在步骤806，MSC可以标记帐户以呼叫客户服务或保安人员。 Then, in step 806, MSC can mark account to call customer service or security personnel. 以类似的方式，呼叫监控模块可以被编程以将当前使用的模型与先前使用的模型相比较。 In a similar manner, the call monitoring module may be used to model the current programming model compared to previously used. 如果检测到先前的呼叫模型中明显的变化，可以禁止该帐户，并且该帐户被标记给客户服务以通知用户。 If you detect a previous call model in significant changes, you can disable the account, and the account is marked to customer service to inform the user.
电话业务供应商可以规定管理级别防护，以允许授权的人员查看或修改用户属性。 Telephone service providers to manage the level of protection provisions to allow authorized personnel to view or modify user attributes. 例如，一个注册口令可能提供只看性能，而第二个注册口令可以提供修改帐户余额的能力。 For example, a registered password may provide performance look, while the second registered passwords can provide the ability to modify account balances.
呼叫费率呼叫监控模块可以包含容易维护的费率引擎，它确定接入费用(每月、每周或每天)、发射时间使用的每分钟费用、长途电话费以及“市内呼叫区域”的规定。 Call rates Call Monitoring module may include engine is easy to maintain the rate, which determines access charges (monthly, weekly or daily), the provisions of the cost per minute using the emission time, long-distance telephone charges, and "local call area" . 市内呼叫区域可以由地区码、地区码+市话交换局或到主叫用户局区的里程规定。 Local calling area may be by the area code, area code + local exchange or to the provisions of the caller mileage Board area. 所有的费率能够实时地基于MSC触发和预定的费率表。 All rates based on the rate tables can trigger MSC and scheduled in real time.
呼叫监控模块控制不同的费率表的能力仅通过服务的MSC识别用户的当前位置和拨号数字的能力来限制。 Ability to monitor the call control module tables different rates limited only by the capacity of the current position of the MSC and the dialed digits identifying the user of the service. 每个用户具有一个检索费用表的服务类别，这些表能够以许多方式使用以定制每个用户的收费文档。 Each user has a retrieval fee schedule of service categories, these tables can be used in many ways to customize each user fee documentation. 当启动或终止一个呼叫时可以使用相同的费率表。 When starting or terminating a call may use the same rate tables. 可以命令呼叫监控模块不对最后小于预定时间的输入呼叫或来自规定号码的呼叫收费。 Command monitoring module can call the incoming call does not last less than a predetermined time or a predetermined number from the call charge. 如话音邮件或客户服务的呼叫方号码的长途电话可以设置为本地电话。 Such as voice mail or long distance calling party number of customer service calls can be set to local calls.
呼叫监控模块也可以建立分开的周末和节假日费率并且提供免费时间和免费次数。 Call Monitoring module can also establish separate rates on weekends and holidays and free time and free times. 提供的免费分钟数和时帧在费率计划一览表中是可改变的。 Free minutes offered and the time frame in the list of tariff plans are changed. 不同的费率可以应用于相同的呼叫，例如第一分钟免费或连接时间15分钟后降低费率。 Different rates may be applied to the same call, for example, the first minute free connection time or reduced rate after 15 minutes.
长途费率可以基于白天、晚上、夜间、里程、州间、州内、局部接入转送区(LATA)和/或国际费率表。 Long distance rates based on the day, between the evening, night, city, state, the state, local access transfer area (LATA) and / or international rate tables. 长途收费可以自动地从用户帐户中扣除。 Long distance charges can be automatically deducted from the user's account. 联邦、州、本地、市、县和特别税可以应用于连接费用、呼叫和服务，并且可以自动地从帐户中扣除。 Federal, state, local, city, county and special tax applicable connection charges, and service calls, and can be automatically deducted from your account.
每月接入和重新激活费用在用户文档(profile)的服务属性类别可以规定接入费用。 Monthly access fee and reactivate the user documentation (profile) category of service properties may provide access charges. 呼叫监控模块能够以可编程的间隔(即每日、每周、每月)自动地定期从帐户中扣除费用。 Call monitoring module can be programmed intervals (ie daily, weekly, monthly) fee automatically deducted from your account on a regular basis.
通过改变用户文档中的标记由客户服务可以自动地请求一次'事件'收费，如重新激活费用。 By changing the user documentation tags can automatically request a service 'event' charges by the customer, such as re-activation fee. 如果设置了选择的事件标记，呼叫监控模块能够立即从帐户中扣除预定的费用。 If the event marker selection, call monitoring module can be scheduled immediately deduct the cost from your account.
呼叫限制呼叫监控模块能够提供一种在用户级限制帐户的出网拨号性能的能力。 Call barring Call Monitoring module provides a network dial-up account of the performance of a limitation in the ability of the user level. 出网呼叫限制能够设置用于国际、州间和/或州内长途，或者在特定的地区码中这些的组合以及地区码+市话交换局组合中。 Outbound call restrictions can be set up for international, state and / or in-state long distance, or a combination of these and area code + local exchange portfolio in a specific area code. 如果用户仅具有几个他们希望能够拨号的号码，这些号码可以设置在封闭用户组中，只允许对这些号码的呼叫。 If the user has only a few they want to dial numbers, these numbers may be provided in a closed user group, calls to only those numbers. 另一方面，仅当用户对封闭用户组以外呼叫时呼叫监控模块能够提供借方帐户的性能。 On the other hand, only when a user other than the closed user group calls that provides performance monitoring module debit account.
如果用户仅具有几个他们希望接收的呼叫号码，这些号码能够设置在入站(in-bound)封闭用户组中，只有来自这些号码的呼叫被连接。 If the user has only a few number of calls they wish to receive, these numbers can be provided in the inbound (in-bound) a closed user group, calls from only those numbers are connected.
上面的描述只是用于说明而不是限制。 The above description is illustrative and not limiting. 本领域的技术人员可以进行明显的改变并且这些改变包括公开的本发明中，本发明仅仅由附加的权利要求书的精神和范围限制。 Those skilled in the art may make significant changes and modifications of the invention include those disclosed in the present invention is limited only the spirit and scope of the book by the appended claims.
虽然已经详细地描述了本发明和它的优点，但是应该理解这里可以进行各种变化、替代和改变而不背离如附加的权利要求书规定的本发明的精神和范围。 Although the present invention has been described and its advantages in detail, it should be understood that there may be various changes, substitutions and alterations from the spirit and scope of the invention without departing from the appended claims as defined.
1． 1. 一种在与多个无线装置通讯中具有交换机的无线电话通讯网络中控制电话使用的方法，其中一个或多个所述无线装置与用户帐户有关，其中所述交换机确定何时所述无线装置启动呼叫并且所述交换机将所述装置连接到被叫目的地，所述方法包括步骤：通知呼叫监控装置开始监控呼叫的运行费用，其中所述呼叫的话音通讯的路由不经过所述呼叫监控装置；监控所述呼叫的所述运行费用；将有关用户帐户减少所述呼叫的所述运行费用；以及当所述用户帐户余额低于最小值以下时终止所述呼叫。 A method of using a telephone in a wireless telephone communication control network having a plurality of wireless switches in communication devices, wherein one or more of the wireless device associated with the user account, wherein said determining when the wireless device switches to start call and said switch means is connected to the destination called party, the method comprising the steps of: monitoring means notifies the call start monitoring the operating costs of the call, wherein the voice call communication without routing the call monitoring means; monitoring the operating cost of the call; would reduce the operating costs of the call about user accounts; and when the user account balance falls below minimum value when terminating the call.
2． 2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述通知步骤还包括：使用IS-41触发，给所述呼叫监控装置发信号。 The method according to claim 1, wherein said notifying step further comprises: using the IS-41 is triggered, the monitoring device to the call signal.
3． 3. 如权利要求1所述的方法还包括步骤：在所述呼叫正在进行时，连接语音产生装置到所述呼叫，其中所述语音产生装置能够播放通知给所述无线装置的用户。 The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of: when the call is in progress, the voice generating means connected to said call, wherein said generating means capable of playing voice notifying the user of the wireless device.
4． 4. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述降低的步骤还包括步骤：定期地减少所述用户帐户的帐户余额。 The method according to claim 1, wherein said reducing step further comprises the step of: periodically reducing the account balance of the user account.
5． 5. 如权利要求1所述的方法还包括步骤：在完成所述呼叫之前确定用户帐户余额；如果所述用户帐户余额表示有足够的资金可以使用则允许连接呼叫；以及如果所述用户帐户余额表示没有足够的资金可以使用则不允许连接呼叫。 The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of: determining a user account balance prior to completing the call; if the user account balance represents sufficient funds may be used to connect the call is allowed; if the user account balance, and that there is no sufficient funds can be used to connect the call is not allowed.
6． 6. 如权利要求1所述的方法还包括步骤：确定是否所述用户帐户余额包括足够的资金来继续当前的呼叫一个预定的时间周期。 The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of: determining whether the user account balance comprises sufficient funds to continue the current call for a predetermined period of time.
7． 7. 如权利要求6所述的方法还包括步骤：如果所述用户帐户余额没有足够的资金来继续当前的呼叫所述预定的时间周期则播放消息给用户。 The method as claimed in claim 6 further comprising the step of: if the user account balance does not have sufficient funds to continue the current call of the predetermined period of time the message is played to the user.
8． 8. 一种在用户帐户监控系统中用于控制电话使用的方法，该方法包括步骤：接收来自交换机的呼叫方命令，所述呼叫方命令与无线通讯装置和另一方之间的呼叫有关，其中所述呼叫方命令识别与所述呼叫有关的所述无线通讯装置；确定所述用户帐户的帐户余额；计算所述呼叫的运行费用；从所述帐户余额中扣除所述运行费用。 A method for controlling a telephone used in a user account monitoring system, the method comprising the steps of: receiving a switch command from the caller, the calling party and the call between the command means and related to the other wireless communication, wherein said calling party identification with the call command related to the wireless communication device; determining an account balance of the user account; calculating operating costs of the call; deducting the operating costs from the account balance.
9． 9. 如权利要求8所述的方法还包括步骤：接收来自交换机的呼叫断开命令；以及停止监控所述帐户余额的步骤。 The method as claimed in claim 8 further comprising the step of: receiving a call from a switch-off command; and a step of stopping the monitoring of the account balance.
10． 10. 如权利要求8所述的方法还包括步骤：确定帐户余额低于警告门限值；以及发送一个命令到交互式话音系统以对所述呼叫的至少一方播放警告消息。 The method as claimed in claim 8 further comprising the step of: determining an account balance is less than the warning threshold value; and transmitting a command to the interactive voice system to play a warning message to at least one of the call.
11． 11. 如权利要求8所述的方法还包括步骤：确定帐户余额低于终止门限值；以及发送一个命令到所述交换机以断开所述呼叫。 The method as claimed in claim 8 further comprising the step of: determining an account balance is less than the termination threshold; and transmitting a command to the switch to disconnect the call.
12． 12. 如权利要求11所述的方法还包括步骤：发送一个命令到交互式话音系统以对所述呼叫的至少一方播放终止消息。 The method as claimed in claim 11 further comprising the step of: transmitting a command to play an interactive voice system to one of at least the call termination message.
13． 13. 一个用于实时地从预付费用户帐户扣除呼叫费用的呼叫监控系统，所述呼叫监控系统包括：一个交换机，用于确定呼叫与无线通讯装置的路由；一个用户帐户监控装置，其中确定呼叫到所述无线通讯装置的话音信道的路由不经过所述用户帐户监控装置；以及发出网络连接所述用户帐户监控装置和所述交换机的信号。 Paying for a user account in real time from the pre-deducting the cost of the call monitoring system call, the call monitoring system comprising: a switch for routing the call to determine the wireless communication device; a user account monitoring device, wherein determining the call to the routing said voice channel of a wireless communication device without passing through said user account monitoring device; and a signaling network connecting the user monitoring device and the account of the switch.
14． 14. 如权利要求13所述的呼叫监控系统还包括：一个数据库，包括与每个所述用户有关的帐户余额。 The call monitoring system as claimed in claim 13 further comprising: a database, including account balance associated with each of said user.
15． 15. 如权利要求13所述的呼叫监控系统，其中所述帐户监控装置包括：用于监控到所述无线通讯装置的呼叫的持续时间的器件；用于确定所述呼叫费用的器件；以及用于在呼叫进行期间减去用户帐户余额中等于所述费用值的器件。 The call monitoring system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the account monitoring means comprising: means for monitoring the duration of the call to the wireless communication device; means for determining the cost of the call; and means for subtracting means said charge value equal to the user account balance during a call.
16． 16. 如权利要求13所述的呼叫监控系统，其中所述帐户监控装置包括：用于确定何时用户帐户余额低于预定值的器件；以及用于启动警告消息到呼叫中至少一方的器件。 The call monitoring system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the account monitoring means comprises: means for determining when a device user account balance falls below a predetermined value; and means for activating at least one of a warning message to the call.
17． 17. 如权利要求13所述的呼叫监控系统，其中所述帐户监控装置包括：用于确定何时用户帐户余额为零的器件；以及用于启动所述呼叫终止的器件。 The call monitoring system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the account monitoring means comprises: means for determining when the user account balance reaches zero the device; and means for initiating the call termination.
MX9404062A (en) * 1993-06-03 1995-01-31 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Call transfer within the cellular communications system.


text:
Music Venue Trust (MVT) and Red Stripe have teamed up on a new initiative to support grassroots venues and give young people opportunities to join the sector.
The new bursary scheme, dubbed Earn Your Stripes, is aimed at 18 to 25-year-olds who are looking to gain work experience in the music industry..
The campaign will enable 50 music industry hopefuls to be placed in internship positions in local music venues throughout the UK to work on anything from lighting and sound to promotion and marketing.
Red Stripe are offering £200 for each applicant with the intention of helping younger people take their first step into working in music through the support of a short-term work placement.
If successfully chosen, venues can use the money allocated to create a new internship position in their establishment or to pay applicants directly for their time and services.
To apply for the bursary, venues must write to info@musicvenuetrust.com with a short description of how they intend to use the money to support an opportunity for a young person in their venue.

industry_corpus2: Film & Entertainment


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Miami – Registration is now open for the Miami Dade College’s (MDC) 2019 spring semester, which begins Jan. 8. With a wide range of courses leading to high quality, cutting-edge associate and bachelor’s degree programs that facilitate employment in emerging and in-demand fields, MDC has the programs to place students on the pathway to career and lifelong success.
On October 6, 2018, the Calabar Old Boys' Association (COBA) held its Annual Reunion Dinner at the Mona Visitors Lodge & Conference Centre and the turnout of old boys, families, friends and well wishers was delightful.
MIAMI –Miami Dade College (MDC) applauds today’s Florida Supreme Court ruling to leave Amendment 7 on the November ballot, and urges Floridians to vote YES on Amendment 7, which provides college tuition to the survivors of first responders and military members killed on duty; requires university trustees to agree by a two-thirds super-majority to raise college fees (not including tuition); and places the national model Florida College System (FCS) in the State Constitution. Florida’s Public Universities and K-12 Systems are in the State Constitution, but State Colleges are not.

industry_corpus2: Subject Education


text: “An Introduction” from Romans: Righteousness Revealed by Nathan Cherry. Released: 2018. Track 923. Genre: Speech.


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Many schools in remote areas are using Cloud Computing to assist in connecting students all around the world.
Students are learning on the cloud and using the service DaaS to access their school user accounts anywhere in the world.
Desktop as a Service allows you to work off any laptop, tablet, or mobile device.
With a Desktop as a Service you no longer need to go to a specific computer for your information as you’re computer station is virtual.
Your school can avoid interruptions that would normally disrupt your operations using Cloud Computing.
Your staff and students are able to work from anywhere, anytime from any device with cloud computing.
Educational Industries provide students with Computer Labs to learn and explore the tools they will use in their future. With all the students using the network at the same time it’s common to see a Virus accidentally downloaded during their casual use of the internet.
When a Virus infects the network this can be a major problem for their on-site technician. Virus Removal can be a time consuming task if it requires manual removal.
With our Helpdesk Staff available 24/7 we help provide your school the stability it requires. Should you or staff need assistance with any technical problems we are here to help.
Access to self help tools.
Online access to your support history.
Supporting you anywhere in the world.
Knowing you and your staff are being taken care of.
When it comes to Cloud Computing many wonder what are the benefits for the Students and Teachers.
Work from Anywhere – Students can use their phone, tablet, or laptop to connect to the Cloud to access homework, hand in assignments, and continue working anywhere in the world.
Never forget Work – Students can be in a hurry to get to school, and forget their homework. With Cloud Computing they can access their homework using any device with their log-in credentials.
Collaboration & Data Sharing – Students can download their Teachers notes from the Cloud. Students can also use the Cloud to work on a project together by sharing a folder.
Teaching / Learning Tools – With gadgets like Tablets and Connected Classrooms a Teacher has the ability to easily show presentations, videos, play music, and inspire students in an interactive way.
Class Homework – Using the Cloud to provide and collect homework can save a Teacher time. When providing homework a Teacher can simply upload it to the Cloud and let their students know where to access it. A Teacher can also setup a folder for students to drop their completed assignments in to hand in on the Cloud.
Instant Access – A Teacher can access all of their work from anywhere in the world. This improves workflow as they don’t have to email documents to themselves, or remember their flash drive. Teachers simply log-in to the Cloud from where ever they are and they can continue their work as normal.
Many Educational Industry’s are using Cloud Computing to enable Connected Classrooms.
A Connected Classroom uses a Mobile Computing Station as a Computer Lab that you can take anywhere.
Student’s benefit using Cloud services like Software as a Service which allow student’s access to learn the latest tools while the educational industry saves on their I.T. budget due to the software’s subscription based payment model.
With a Connected Classroom student’s are able to learn from anywhere in the world. This benefits student’s stuck at home with a cold as they can work from home and not fall behind. Student’s whom have to travel due to their family’s jobs won’t have to switch schools as they can access school notes while on the road, and can hand in work through the Cloud.


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(SPARTANBURG, S.C.) – Converse College and the University Center of Greenville, Inc. (UCG) announce the addition of Converse College as the University Center’s seventh Academic Member. Converse will begin offering its co-educational Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) in Early Childhood Education degree at the University Center in July 2018, and plans to expand with several additional programs in the near future. Converse’s MAT will meet the high demand in the greater Greenville area for college graduates seeking a career in teaching, and will help address teacher shortages at the state and national levels.
Converse anticipates launching its Master of Marriage and Family Therapy degree at UCG in fall 2019, and is actively working on other programs to announce soon.
As an Academic Member of UCG, Converse joins fellow institutions Anderson University, Clemson University, Furman University, Greenville Technical College, the University of South Carolina, and the University of South Carolina Upstate.
Dr. Lienne Medford, Dean of Graduate Studies and Distance Learning at Converse, is leading Converse’s program expansion to the University Center. “I am delighted that Converse is joining the UCG collaborative. Converse is known for its hands-on, student-centered approach and our faculty and staff look forward to bringing our distinctive brand of personal advising, coaching, and assistance in achieving life and career goals to students at UCG,” she said.
Underscoring the rise in teacher shortages across the state, South Carolina’s Center for Education Recruitment, Retention and Advancement (CERRA) reported 481 vacant positions in schools statewide at the beginning of the 2016-17 school year, up by 32 vacancies from the previous year. Just over 19% of all vacancies require the early childhood certification that will be provided by Converse at UCG. “Finding new teachers can be difficult for many districts, particularly with the state’s ongoing trend of more teachers leaving, more vacancies to fill, and fewer S.C. graduates eligible for teacher certification each year,” said Dr. Jennifer Garrett, Coordinator of Research & Program Development for CERRA, in her report on the 2016 Supply and Demand Survey.
“Converse is well known across this region for excellence, particularly in teacher education at the undergraduate and graduate levels, and has prepared thousands of teachers across South Carolina and beyond for successful careers. The Converse MAT is one of the most respected education programs across our state and region, and bringing it to the University Center makes it easily accessible to residents from the greater Greenville area who wish to transition from their current career fields into teaching,” said Taylor.
A U.S. News & World Report Best Value in the South, Converse College is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC). Its education programs are also accredited by Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP) and its Marriage and Family Therapy program is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Marriage and Family Therapy Education (COAMFTE). All program offerings at UCG are pending accreditor approval.
Converse College was founded in 1889 by citizens of Spartanburg, S.C. to create an educational experience that enables women “to see clearly, decide wisely, and act justly.” Today, Converse is a visionary, comprehensive college pushing beyond traditional boundaries to make a quality educational experience available to every student who seeks it – both at the undergraduate level for women and at the post-graduate level for men and women. Converse’s mission is to help students develop their unique voice, a sense of value, and a vision for the future. For more information: www.converse.edu.
Founded in 1987, the University Center of Greenville, Inc. is a higher education collaborative of seven leading, accredited and highly ranked South Carolina universities and colleges. The University Center’s mission is to advance access and attainment of higher education degrees for the benefit of the citizens and economic community of greater Greenville, S.C. and the region at large.
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There is a maxim that comes from the world of Python programming: “There should be one – and preferably only one – obvious way to do it.” (See The Zen of Python) in the references. While that is a good goal for any language, it is a difficult goal to achieve. T-SQL is no exception here!
Consider a simple problem: You have a customer transaction table with dated rows. You are asked to produce a list of the top transactions per day. “Top” could be defined as the one with the most items, the highest value, the most important customer or a variety of other criteria. However, you define it, at some point, you will want the maximum (or minimum) value of one of the columns. Then you will want to output the entire row (or rows, in the case of a tie) matching that value. Sounds simple, right? Well, it actually is simple, but the number of ways to do it may surprise you!
A clustered index is critical to performance on any table. Not only does it dictate the logical storage of data for the entire table, but it also is the index that all others will reference when additional data is required. A poorly chosen clustered index can greatly hamper performance, causing latency, contention, and excessive IO. In this article, we will explore clustered indexes, and use ApexSQL Tools to assist in identifying those that could be improved upon.
Creating a foolproof disaster recovery solution is imperative for every business. After the Recovery Point Objective (RPO) and Recovery Time Objective (RTO) are defined, a database backup plan should be created to match these objectives. Most DBAs tend to automate the majority of tasks related to database backup plans. Regular database backup schedules are set in order to create continuous backup chains, that can later be used to recover a database in the case of a disastrous event. By setting the backup schedule, the continuity of the backup process is ensured, and most of the job is performed automatically on a regular basis.
The goal of this article is to explain how to use branches in order to diverge from the main development line aka master branch and leave it unaffected by all the committed changesets that are not yet tested and confirmed as good ones. As long as a separate branch is used to commit changes, a master branch can be used to deploy a working copy of a database from source control for any purposes.
For database administrators who work on a multiple SQL Servers simultaneously, this feature is a time-saver that allows users to quickly determine which SQL Server are currently used by looking at a color defined for the associated server.
In aggregate, SQL Server Wait statistics are complex, comprising hundreds of wait types registered with every execution of the query. So, to better understand how and why the wait statistic, in general, is the most important for detecting and troubleshooting SQL Server performance issues, it is important to understand the mechanism of how a query executes on SQL Server, since SQL Server performance problems are the ones that most often affect end users.
Eighty-two percent of the enterprises expect the number of databases to increase over the next twelve months. An increase in data volumes can have negative effects on the performance of databases. Think about the storage requirement and backup strategy to meet the Recovery Time Objective and the Recovery Point Objective. RPO and RTO are two of the most important parameters of a disaster recovery or data protection plan.
The growing adoption of Continuous Integration development practice implies that developers have to work in a collaborative manner by storing and sharing their source code into a central repository. For SQL Server Business Intelligence (SQL Server BI) developers, the collaboration is usually made possible by the Team Explorer plug-in for Visual Studio which provides an interface for integrating SSRS, SSIS and SSAS solutions into source control environments such as Team Foundation Version Control (TFVC) or Git. However, several aspects of SQL Server BI solutions involve T-SQL development (i.e. defining of SSRS datasets, SSAS data source views, as well as SSIS source data flow tasks).
One of many Tableau administrator responsibilities is to be familiar with the server configuration, managing users, automated server job process management, knowing Tableau metadata and being familiar with migration and scheduling. To stay updated and keep everything under control, good Tableau documentation can come in handy. Such documentation can be created using ApexSQL Doc, a tool for creating SQL Server, BI, SharePoint as well as Tableau site documentation, which will be covered in this article.
A DML trigger is a special kind of procedural code programmed to fire when a data manipulation language (DML) event occurs in the database server. DML events include UPDATE, INSERT, or DELETE statements issued against a table or view. SQL Server has three types of triggers: DML triggers, DDL triggers, and logon triggers. For the purpose of this article, only DML triggers will be used to demonstrate and achieve a specific goal.
When creating indexes, database administrators should look for the best settings to ensure minimal performance impact and degradation. However, over time, indexes will get fragmented, which can severely impact server performance.

industry_corpus2: Computing & Telecommunications


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Joel Embiid is confident when Pistons center Andre Drummond is guarding him.
After the game, Embiid wasn't done talking, saying of Drummond "I feel like I own a lot of real estate in his head". The Milwaukee Bucks did the bulk of their damage in the 2nd quarter, posting an astounding 49 points during the 12-minute interval, with the momentum riding high on their shoulders.
As our Drew Packham pointed out in the latest About Last Night filing, the two big men were going at each other all game. "It's a big win, but we've got to move on". He only averages more points against the Los Angeles Clippers and Lakers.
Antetokounmpo's tough driving layup and subsequent free throw increased the Bucks' lead to 105-90 with 6:46 left.
"Some of us tried to stop him, and he just had an wonderful day", said Dario Saric, who scored 14 points for Philly.
Embiid couldn't convert on a 3-point attempt at the buzzer, so the Pistons had the last laugh, though ironically enough Griffin's bucket shouldn't have counted due to a missed call.
The anti-flopping rules went into effect at the beginning of the 2012-13 National Basketball Association season in an effort to cut back on players "flopping" to draw foul calls.
Drummond and Embiid's rivalry dates back to past year after the two went back and forth taking jabs at each other so it's not surprising to see that rivalry spark up again. Despite shooting 5-16 from the field, Saric had 14 points, eight rebounds, and five assists.
Jackson had 23 points and Ish Smith scored 21 for the Pistons.
Andre Drummond got ejected on Monday after this incident with Joel Embiid.
With Simmons out, Brown chose to go with T.J. McConnell at the point to finish Saturday's game instead of Markelle Fultz.
The two teams meet again in Philadelphia is just two weeks.
The Bucks come in 4-0 after whipping Philadelphia Friday and are led by MVP candidate Giannis Antetokounmpo, who had a triple-double in the game.
He is accused of sending bubble-wrapped manila envelopes to Democrats such as Barack Obama , Hillary Clinton and Joe Biden . Another suspicious package bound for CNN was discovered on Monday morning, the network said .
He remained in hospital on Sunday, having had surgery, and is expected to appear before a judge on Monday afternoon. The Jewish Federation of Greater Vancouver is hoping the community continues to show support for the victims.
There was either miscommunication between Montgomery and his head coach or special teams coordinator Ron Zook and the former pair. Prior to kickoff, the Rams were favored by 7.5 points and the over/under point total was set at around 57.5.
He noted that his outlet was sent mail bombs in the past week. "Thus far, they have shown no comprehension of that", Zucker added. The defendant faces federal murder and assault charges that could carry the death penalty.
That's higher than what many economists had been projecting, but lower than the 4.2 percent rate of growth in the second quarter. Stocks are opening modestly higher on Wall Street a day after a sharp sell-off erased the market's gains for the year.
The France worldwide has forced his way back into the reckoning under Jose Mourinho , and has scored four goals in his last three Premier League games.
A recent poll from the Marquette University Law School had the race statistically tied. "And then suddenly, you are concerned about civility".

industry_corpus2: Sports


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Macbookgames.net team has great news! TheHunter: Call of the Wild 2019 is finally available for all the MacBook and iMacs owners. It is a simulation video game, developed by Avalanche Studios and published by THQ Nordic. TheHunter: Call of the Wild 2019 for macOS gives the most immersive hunting experience created so far. What are you waiting for? With this stunning game, it is your chance to test your hunting skills.
This game shows you a beautiful open world full of life, from imposing deer and bison to the numerous birds, creatures and insects of the nature. You get to experience different animal behavior, changing weather events, full day and night cycles. Also the acoustics is very realistic, scents are carried by a new wind system. All the systems team up to increase immersion and wake up the hunter in you. TheHunter: Call of the Wild 2019 for macOS offers a first-person perspective, the player takes aim from a lookout tower. There are many peaceful panning shots of the animals grazing in the areas. New animals exist in the Vurhonga Savanna reserve including the Lesser Kudu, Blue Wildebeest and Cape Buffalo.
TheHunter: Call of the Wild 2019 focuses on tracking, stalking, and capturing animals with weapons the player has from the start or with earned ones. The multiplayer mode brings a social aspect by including an in-game chat to communicate and synchronize with other hunters. Animals can be tracked with GPS device which also shows current missions and also the time. In the same time, you can track animals via their footprints, vocal calls, eating or other areas they use for drinking and bedding. Night hunting is another possible in-game and is essential for some species.
Now, the game is available to download as .dmg . Once .dmg file is downloaded, just open it and extract the game in applications folder. It is easy and fast!
TheHunter: Call of the Wild 2019 for macOs has 15 animals available to hunt, including several breeds of deer like the Whitetail Deer, Roosevelt Elk but also predators such as the Black Bear. You can choose from a variety of weapons, different caliber rifles, shotguns, pistols or bows. You must to select your weapon very carefully, the right one for the hunted animal. This way you get the highest score possible. If you want, you can take pictures of the hunted animals using the provided camera. You must be aware of the wind direction and speed. Many species have a sharped sense of smell. So getting closer to those animals is quite difficult even if you have experience.

industry_corpus2: Gaming


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I suppose it occurs to me that it is somewhat ironic that the half marthon I've set my sights upon is in Nice (pronounced neece) because the training is not exactly nice (pronounced nighce). So the title of this blog indicates not that it's a nice half, but rather that it in Nice. But I digress.
Yesterday I hit another milestone, a 6 mile stone as a matter of fact! The run was through many of London's iconic places which helped spur me along. Here's the description we received in preparation for the run.
You really need running buddies in order to accomplish these goals!
"We head to Hyde Park via the usual route. Start heading west on Circus Road and turn left on Grove End and follow south as it becomes Lisson Grove. Cross over Marylebone Road and continue on Seymour Place until the end. Turn right and cross over Edgware Road and then left to enter Hyde Park at the intersection with Stanhope Place.
Run along the eastern edge of the park to Hyde Park Corner, under Wellington Arch and down Constitution Hill. Run past the Victoria Memorial down the mall and enter St. James Park. Run over the pond and out of the park, turning left onto Birdcage Walk and down into Parliament Square to Big Ben. Continue past Big Ben and cross Westminster Bridge. After the bridge turn left to run along the Thames until the river path ends after Southwark Bridge. Borough Market is under the railway bridge near the London Bridge station." Whew! It was fun to get to Big Ben and just keep on running. I remember how nervous we all were last autumn when that run came up on the schedule. The parks look great right now, with daffodils even popping up.
I knew that Borough Market was across the river from St. Paul's so once St. Paul's came into view, I felt like I might make it! Actually, the only really tough part of the run yesterday was the fiery burning sensation in my right foot. I have had some foot issues and have orthotics that were specially made for me in Sweden, but the longer the runs, the more intense this seeming nerve pain seems to get. I have begun to process of trying to figure out how to see a Dr. here in England so perhaps I can get some answers. I do not want an injury to thwart my progress at this point!
Anyway, Borough market is a super fun place filled to brim with awesome food! A delicious cup of Colombian coffee and a tasty bread stick filled with cheese and olives provided much needed sustenance after the run. All in all, it took 80 minutes and the last 15 were pretty painful.
I need to get in a 30 minute run over the weekend so will test the foot then. Next week it's 45 minutes on Tuesday and anothr 80 minute run on Thursday. Then we take some rest days.


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← #Excel Online Survey… Never heard about that!?
You may download a sample file to follow along.
2.2 Select the picture just pasted and observe the formula bar (which is linked to C2).
See? The Linked Picture effectively shows whatever put on the linked cell (including border and color). That’s why it is important for us to put the image inside a cell wholly when we set up the look up table in step 1.
By understanding this, what’s next is to write a formula that gives dynamic result according to input on, say E2. INDEX and MATCH are the ideal functions in this situation.
Tip: INDEX, on top of, returns a value could also returns a reference.
It did not work on Linked Picture… so frustrating.
No worry! Named formula comes to rescue.
Now the Linked Picture refers to a dynamic reference that is responsive to the input in E2.
Together with a few other tricks, we may create something interesting… like an Interactive CV posted on About.
Don’t you think this kind of CV will make you stand out from the crowd?
This entry was posted in Excel Tips, Formula and tagged INDEX, Linked Picture, MATCH. Bookmark the permalink.
hi.. can’t we use it in two tabs or two worksheets. detail table in a one tab & drop list in a another tab. i tried it in several time & every time get “reference is not valid” message.
Hi Vishwa, it should work.
Pls check carefully the formula you put in the name manager for the linked picture. A single typo, or miss of a single quote would return the error.
It didn’t work for me. I got a “Reference Isn’t Valid” message. I tried following similar steps on another web page and got the same result.
Please check the formula you put in the “Refers to” in Name Manager. It’s very likely that there is something wrong there. Hope it helps.
whoah this blog is excellent i like studying your articles. Stay up the great paintings! You realize, a lot of individuals are hunting around for this information, you can help them greatly.
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text: Vazir, N. (2006). Reflection in action: Constructive narratives of experience. Journal of Reflective Practice, 7(4), 445–454.


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The Membership Committee is responsible for recruiting, screening, interviewing, and recommending potential candidates for membership to the Planning Council. If you are interested in becoming a Planning Council member, you can access our membership application here.
Providing appropriate orientation and training for new Planning Council members.

industry_corpus2: Real Estate & Construction


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It’s now time to connect the new sewerage system!
Due to upgrades to an outdated sewerage system, around 1000 properties in North Warrandyte are now ready to connect to the new and improved sewerage system.
If your property has been affected, you will have received a letter from Yarra Valley Water advising you that your home can now be connected to the new system.
You will need to team up with a local plumber who will safety and correctly connect your property to the new sewerage system.
Read more about the project on Yarra Valley Water’s website.
These systems collect and dispose of sewerage where the landscape has a gradual slope, allowing the sewerage to flow naturally downhill, away from your property and into the collection network. See more here about how to connect.
These systems are used in both very hilly and very flat areas that regularly flood or have high water tables. Pumping units located at each individual property transfer the wastewater via a small pipeline within the property to the pressure sewer located in the street. It is then transferred to the nearest sewerage treatment facility.
Regardless of which system you have (or if you’re unsure which system you have), you will need to engage a licensed plumber to connect your property to the sewer. Call H2-Pro today.
H2-Pro already has a growing list of clients who need to be connected to the new Warrandyte sewer line, so don’t delay: call now and let’s set up a time where we can connect you to this new sewer system. You can also fill in this form if you have any other questions or need further guidance.
Your local water company is responsible for the effective distribution of potable water and for the safe collection of wastewater.
Many houses in the north and eastern suburbs were built before more modern sewerage solutions were available, and as a result, these homes are connected to outdated septic tanks.
Recently, the Nillumbik Shire Council identified homes in the local area that could not effectively manage their wastewater due to these hazardous septic systems. This was resulting in harmful contamination of our local waterways!
After these findings, Yarra Valley Water created the North Warrandyte Community Sewerage Project.
Agree on what condition will your plumber will leave your property in eg. Will topsiol and grass seed be spread on lawn that has to be dug up? Will pavers, concrete or retaining walls be reintated? Will rubbish be removed from site ie broken pipes, off cuts, broken concrete etc.
When decommissioning treatment plants, a licensed electrician needs to be engaged to disconnect the power supply and a Certificate of Electrical Safety needs to be supplied.

industry_corpus2: Water Resources & Marine


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A couple of days ago, Sidepodcast dot com was kind enough to mention me in his post entitled The FIA Transcripts (Part 2). It is stated that I am less interested in the details that emerged in the meeting but that is a slight exaggeration. I am interested but feel that they are less important than the matter of the legitimacy of the WMSC's findings.
At the risk of boring my readers, who must be thoroughly fed up with F1 politics by now, I must mention one detail that I find very revealing as to the suitability of the WMSC to judge the issue before them. It arises in the brief exchange regarding movable floors, a strange interlude that occurred during the examination of Paddy Lowe.
The Ferrari lawyer, Nigel Tozzi, is at pains to prove that the Ferrari cars were not illegal during the Australian GP and he attempts this by reference to article 3.17 of the regulations, an article intended to clarify the earlier article 3.15. There is some discussion as to whether anything can be totally rigid but this is just fudge; the intent of article 3.15 is quite clear - the floor of the car must not flex.
"I do not think that anyone on the World Council would seriously consider that the Ferrari device was illegal at the time, any more than the Renault mass damper before it was eliminated."
"The test described in Article 3.17.4 is intended to test the flexibility of bodywork in that area, not the resistance of a device fitted for the purpose of allowing the bodywork to move further once the maximum test load is exceeded.
"We have no objection to a device in this area which is fitted to prevent the bodywork from moving downwards, provided it is clear that it is not designed to circumvent the test described in Article 3.17.4."
Charlie is the ultimate FIA authority in technical matters; it is to be presumed, therefore, that he knows what he's talking about when it comes to complying with the regulations. And he makes quite clear that it is article 3.15 that matters, 3.17 being merely a description of the limits that the FIA test will run to. Flexibility beyond those limits is still illegal, even if undetectable by the existing test.
The inescapable conclusion must be that the Ferraris (and the BMWs and anyone else circumventing the test in this way) were illegal at the time of the Australian GP. The whole business is irrelevant to the case before the WMSC at the time but it does illustrate rather nicely the inability of the committee to understand the FIA regulations. It is not for me to question Max's motives in choosing to interpret the matter in a way that suited Ferrari at the time; that I leave to you.
In fact, I would ask how we can seriously consider fitting a verdict that convicts on the grounds of supposition and inference when the body delivering that verdict has obviously fudged a much clearer issue that did not serve their purposes. I only ask because I want to know.
apologies for misinterpreting your initial take on the transcripts.
for me the primary interest was - what could i glean about car setup, aero revelations and general team insider information, i figured that most people were less geeky than me.
plus, i couldn't really introduce your post by saying - please read clive's thioughts because he's a whole lot smarter than us, could i?
But I protest at your last sentence. We are all very smart in our chosen specialities, I'm sure, and I wouldn't have the first clue about how to make a podcast!
"were not illegal during the Australian GP"
And I graduated so many years ago that I can't remember a thing!
As you have admitted to breaking a rule I suggest a 100million dollar fine.
Your posts will also be scrutinized before posting is allowed on anything dealing with the 08 season.
And in the finest spirit of F1 blogdom, I convict Max Mosely (Dan) of incredible stupidity, short-sightedness and exceeding due jurisdiction.


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Welcome to The Flowerpot. We pride ourselves with over 40 years of experience in the floristry industry, and are confident in saying we can cater for any requirements. Whether this be a simple birthday bouquet or a whole wedding package our highly trained staff will be with you every step of the way.
Situated in the heart of historic Gravesend, we can offer same day delivery through out the Gravesham and Dartford areas, as well as the Medway towns.
In need of flowers for a bereavement, have a look through our award winning Sympathy Collection, where you will be sure to find that perfect tribute for your loved one.
Keep an eye out on our website or on our Facebook and Twitter pages for our ever popular Christmas class dates, and it isn't to early to order your Christmas Trees you know!!

industry_corpus2: Others


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Over the last 20 years or so there have been major changes in the way families are formed and how people think and feel about families. Families now come in all shapes and sizes and every family is important no matter how it is formed. With effect from 4 May 2006, the Family Law (Scotland) Act 2006 updated the law to reflect the way families live today.
The Bill introduced provisions that affect cohabitants - people who live together as if they are husband and wife or civil partners. The Executive has produced a leaflet called Family Matters: Living Together in Scotland that explains these changes and says more about the law on cohabitation.
The leaflet includes information on the responsibilities and rights of cohabitants towards one another, and parental responsibilities and rights towards children. It also points to further sources of information and support.
If you are looking for information about what to do after a death if you are a co-habitant, or what happens to someone's estate (property) when they die, We have a publication called What to do after a death which provides more information.

industry_corpus2: Law & Justice


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True passion is incorporated in the core of every product.
We put the largest core-making facility in Italy at your service.
Our experience in making cores means we can obtain the best and most effective shapes.
Automatic success. You know what you need, we know how to make it.
in reinforcing the quality systems and in the skill training of our workers.
We take care of everything. We supply you with products ready for mounting.
Either using our own or external workshops, we can supply you with completely machined and preassembled parts.
All the assurance that comes with a product made completely in-house. We take care of every single stage in the process to ensure full control over production and have the possibility of optimizing every detail in the machining.

industry_corpus2: Manufacturing


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Is HR expecting us to rappel down the side of the building in case of an emergency?
The Safety Committee's gift to YOU for staying up-to-date with procedures and attending drills!
Really? What safety kits? Did I mess that memo?
Anyway, I have this paracord survival bracelet on my desk.
It barely fits around my wrist, and that connector, while very sleek, is hard to actually use. The pin screws in, and getting everything lined up while attempting to wrap this thing around your wrist is not easy. And the little hairs on my arm kept getting bound around the pin as I was screwing it in. Ouch. So no, I'm not wearing the darned thing.
I could see getting this five months ago, you know, at the start of hurricane season. But whatever. I have this paracord survival bracelet on my desk. And while it's great that I can use it to start fires or trip the machete wielding serial killer, I don't do the camping thing. My idea of roughing it is a hotel with no wi-fi (free or otherwise). I suppose I could use it to rig something up on Hallowe'en so when the kids come up to the door and yell “Trick or treat!” I can yell back “Trick!” and trip them or something but really, that's too much trouble.
And now that I've unravelled the 10′ of paracord, I'm not sure if I can form the bracelet (link via fellow cow-orker B) as tight as it was. I suppose I could learn to tie a few knots.


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SYNDRUM Quad Vintage Analog Custom...for sale!
This listing is for a nice Syndrum Quad with custom wood sides. The unit is 100% functional and in nice cosmetic condition as well. Included is a really long (I think it's 15 or 20 ft) breakout cable in order to trigger the 4 modules. It was wired into my patchbay so you will just need to add 1/4" connectors to the 4 ends. I had it custom made because the original trigger cable was short and always got tangled.
Sound Master Stix ST-305 Analogue Drum machine.
A great little drum machine made in 1981 which was a direct answer to the Roland Trs.
It has a very strong mellow thump sound to the kick and general all round analogue warmth which can be controlled from the sweep of the hard to soft tone control to bring its presence out, it sounds great.
It also has control trigger in and out, one a constant clock pulse and the other programmable via the accent.
The real beauty of the is machine is it has a direct output for every drum sound.
I have only ever used this drum machine with batteries as I never wanted to risk using a power supply or giving it the wrong voltage or impedance, but I’m sure it would work fine with a power adaptor, but as I say it’s a lovely machine and I wasn’t prepared to take that risk and the batteries last for ages anyway, the batteries are used for its memory also.
It does come with its original manual but it’s in German you may be able to find a UK manual on line somewhere.
Please note, personally it took me a bit of time to get my head around it to program, and it has to be programmed to get any sound out of it, but once up and running it is a very unique drum machine and I’m sure there’s not many of these around.
DRUMSTATION 808 909 drum emulation...for sale!
Comes with the manual and original power block. Ask me if you need a MIDI CABLE OR AUDIO CABLE.
Does a brilliant emulation sof the sounds of the classic Roland 808 and 909 drum machines, and all sounds are tweakable via front panel knobs and most by midi. It uses ASM modelling. It has a stereo output and six individual outs which allow you to bring out the kick, snare etc on separate channels for specific processing. Used by Orbital and Hardfloor among others.
GO HERE FOR MORE INFO & TO BID ON THIS ITEM!
RARE Vintage Ace Tone Rhythm Ace FR8L....for sale!
Vintage Ace Tone Rhthym Ace FR8L 'Rhythym Producer' analogue Drum Machine.
These machines are becoming more and more rare, and this one is in full working order.
'Ace Tone' were founded in 1960 and went on to become a name we all know these days, Roland.
This unit was launched around 1974, and dates from that time.
It's housed in an elegant wooden cabinet, which has a couple of minor scuffs and marks, but for something that's almost 40 years old, and was heavily used in its earlier days, it's done not badly. The only thing 'wrong' with it, is the screws have been removed from the folding music desk! The Music desk is there (as can be seen in the pics) and will need 6 small screws to re-attach it.
We have a sensible reserve on this unit, or you can buy it now!
There is only this one, and once it's sold, it's sold.
As it is such an instrinsically valuable piece of musical history, we would prefer it to be collected, but will courier at cost.
Note, these usually sell for between £130 and £160 and the reserve price reflects this.
If someone uses the 'buy it now' button we will however, include carriage if required.
The “nineOnine” for iPad is a simple sample-based emulation of Roland’s classic TR-909 drum machine. With its looks and feel the “nineOnine” is drawing close comparison to the original hardware device. The “nineOnine” is not only emulating the sound but also the logic of programming and saving rhythm patterns giving you that extra blast from the past.
CLICK HERE TO GET THE APP ON iTUNES!


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Learn more about the up-and-coming Latin sensation from Houston, Texas!
The Billboard hit album, "Hombres," is now available in English and Spanish versions on Amazon.
View Evelyn Rubio's complete upcoming performance schedule.


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The RFVolt2000A is a compact data logger for monitoring and recording data delivered by sensors with a voltage output.
Ideally suited to clients looking for a quality analogue voltage data logger that could be networked should manually collecting data loggers become time consuming.
Direct voltage connection via terminal block.
Low cost, 4 channel Voltage data logger.
Compatible with an SD card, direct USB, rugged, LCD display, expandable to 16 channels.


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Equipped with taller enclosure poles for more experienced bouncers.
Added strap and shock cord suspension provides exceptional safety.
Perfect for a budding gymnasts, cheerleader or any athlete who loves to bounce!


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This school year has brought us lots of changes, challenges and adjustments. My son started kindergarten in September, in a full day program at a new school. It's meant figuring out new routines and adapting a new schedule. The first week of school he started showing symptoms of seasonal allergies, especially after a playdate at our friends' home where one of his buddies had picked lots of ragweed and put it in jars all over the house! His reaction was bad! It was that night that we began our now nightly routine of using allergy medicine before bed, since that's an easy time for us to remember it. I also began checking the pollen reports for our area and learned that the weeds were listed as high. Having a constant cough and the sniffles for the first month of school made the adjustment a bit of a challenge, but he is now doing great!
2. Multi-vitamins are building blocks to having a strong immune system. Make taking a multi-vitamin part of your child’s daily routine. My son takes a dye-free multi vitimin, a probiotic, and a fiber gummy every morning with breakfast!
10. My son keeps packets of tissues in his pockets and in his school bag. I also let his teacher know about why he was congested.
So while this first week of October our weather has shown us a taste of summer with high temps and humidity, we have a good handle on fall allergies now.
So we officially have an elementary school student residing here. No more preschool! It was an exciting week leading up to the start of school, a day off and then one more day of school. It went well for him. I'm hoping next week's full week schedule goes just as well.
He had agreed to do photos before his first bus ride. While we were taking them, some of our neighbors walked past, and he quickly became embarrassed and disinterested in posing! Next year I'll have to take a few photos in the back yard!
He loved taking the school bus. He met a neighbor who is on his bus and they have been sitting together. His description of school was "it was awesome, I think." So far they've spent time coloring and playing on the playground. I'm sure they've done more, but that is what he remembers.
The big change is eating lunch at school everyday. I packed his lunch the first day and he said he did not have enough time to eat it. He wanted to buy lunch on Friday. He said he still didn't have enough time to eat everything but he did eat most of the main entree. I am hoping that as the routine of lunch settles he'll figure out how to manage his time better. We agreed that he could buy lunch some days after consulting the school menu. I'm not convinced that it's healthy, like the school thinks, as they offer chocolate and strawberry flavored milk, dyed yogurts, and french fries are a veg. But, it is teaching him some independence by having to be responsible for selecting his lunch choices and buying it.
I was excited to pack his first lunch. The top photo is what I packed, although I swapped out the applesauce squeezie for an apple in the moring upon request. The bottom picture is what came home. He said he didn't have time to eat his yogurt and that the pretzel container made the food taste yucky. I did notice he had no problem eating the hershey kisses! He ate most of his apple. It's going to be an interesting year.