text: Mobile District has over 1,100 civilian and 10 military personnel. These employees work in fields that are diverse, including project management, water resources planning and management, engineering and architectural design, construction, and operations and maintenance. Mobile District's military mission covers over 252,000 square miles, and supports the Army, Air Force, NASA and other federal agencies in Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, and Central and South America. The civil works mission covers 96,000 square miles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia and Mississippi. It includes all river, harbor and flood control works within the drainage basin of six major river systems.


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If you’ve sustained injuries resulting from an Uber or Lyft ride, you most likely will need to identify whom should be liable for damages. The responsible party with be liable for paying damages to all injured parties in the accident. Fortunately, our team of competent accident attorneys specializes in handling Uber and Lyft accident cases. With an exceptional understanding of how claims for Uber and Lyft accidents work, our team can help guide you through all the options open to you in the event of an accident.
What Are The Insurance Policies For Uber And Lyft?
All Uber and Lyft drivers are required to carry car insurance wherever they may work in the United States. However, liability laws differ from state to state, as so do coverage options. Uber and Lyft give their driver’s insurance protection, even in cases of fatal accidents, but there are several conditions and disclaimers attached to these conditions. This means that Uber and Lyft only take responsibility for accidents under a strict set of circumstances.
Uber covers up to $1 million for a single accident if a driver is on duty and fulfilling a customer request. Uber’s insurance coverage starts once the driver accepts the request of a customer and starts driving to the customer’s pick-up location. Uber’s insurance coverage also covers property damage and other damages to third-parties such as pedestrians or drivers in the event of an accident, and only when the Uber driver is established to have been at fault.
Uber also provides coverage of up to $1 million if another road user is at fault. This is inclusive of uninsured or underinsured drivers, as well as for hit-and-run accidents. Collision coverage is the other type of insurance that Uber offers. Once an accident happens either as a result of an Uber driver’s negligence or that of a third party, Uber provides coverage up to the value of the other driver’s vehicle after a deductible of $1000 is made. This applies only when the accident happens when a driver is on duty AND the driver maintains personal car insurance that includes collision coverage.
Lyft’s insurance policy for drivers is similar to that of Uber. The only notable exceptions are when coverage applies and when it does not apply. Lyft offers no accident coverage when a driver is not on duty. In such cases, the driver is required to use a personal insurance policy for covering the damages. In addition, Lyft insures drivers to varying degrees based on accident specifics. For example, drivers can get from between $50,000 and $100,000 per person per accident. This also includes up to $25,000 property damage coverage.
In case a Lyft or Uber driver gets into an accident with your car, your insurance policy may not apply, and it will be up to you to report a claim against the personal policy of the driver. Drivers in Houston always have the option of buying extra types of coverage, but it is important that you know that the more the coverage, the higher the premiums you will end up paying.
To succeed in filing a claim, a plaintiff in a Lyft or Uber case is required to prove that the accident resulted from the fault of the ride-sharing service driver. Doing this will require you to prove that the driver owed you a duty of care but did not fulfill it in some way which directly resulted in damages being sustained by you.
Unless you have a legal background, you may not be in a position to prove all of this without the help of a qualified Uber and Lyft accident attorney. This is more so because the defendant will present their own lawyers, and so will the insurance company.
Bear in mind that Texas has a contributory negligence rule. It states that a plaintiff can recover compensation for damages even in cases where the plaintiff himself or herself partially caused the accident. In case both the defendant and the plaintiff were negligent, the jury assesses case facts so as to come up with an appropriate fault percentage for both parties.
In case the defendant has a good lawyer but you do not, the contributory negligence rule could work against you. This itself is reason enough to seek the services of a professional Uber and Lyft accident lawyer.
Are you a victim of an Uber or Lyft accident and you are not sure of where to start the claim process? Share your accident details with us by calling 713-677-2159. We will pair you with a competent attorney who will give you professional advice on the best way forward. Our team of experienced legal experts has a long history of fighting car accident claim cases for our clients, and we strive to win as large a claim as possible on your behalf.

industry_corpus2: Law & Justice


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A website is a result of the partnership and synergy between client & developer. Creating the right content and finding the right look is both exhilarating and demanding. Many clients find that the process compels them to think in new ways about their business.
Let’s get in touch – please take a moment to contact me and to answer as many of these questions as you find relevant to your needs.
Quote sent to client & approved.
Client chooses & purchases domain name & webhost service – logins needed.
(1/2 of quoted Fee due before work commences; nonrefundable once work has begun) I install WordPress or other CMS, databases, or eCommerce & set up Email. Or, if HTML site, get started on the mainframes.
Assembly of site content: client supplies any text, pictures, color & font wishes, links, etc., preferably via Dropbox. If you need, I can help here. A good point to have a (virtual or in person) meeting to discuss layout & details.
We agree on theme and any other specs. I can provide recommendations and feedback on themes as needed.
A good time for client to get started on setting up any new social media, mailing list, or other profiles needed and begin to populate these.
updates & review meetings as needed (depending upon size of project, possible milestone payments due).
IV. Handover. Site goes live!
Spread the word! Via email, social media, etc.
If you need help learning to maintain the site yourself, I can help you with procedures germane to your specific theme beyond the basic offerings of online WordPress tutorials.

industry_corpus2: Computing & Telecommunications


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Florida is a special place – Disney world, alligators, South Beach, the pan handle, and gorgeous beaches. In the enviro realm, water nutrient issues in Florida are very hot (aka many Florida officials are saying the federal EPA better mind their own businass) right now. By “nutrient issues” I mean phosphorous and nitrogen (N&P) pollution (stay with me now) from farming and city runoff in many of Florida’s waterways; each state has its own targets and pollution limits according to the Clean Water Act (the grand daddy law from the 70s that protects our nation’s waterways and drinking water). Florida has exceeded its permissible N&P limits, so the federal EPA stepped in to slap them on the wrist, but Florida said you can’t do that because you don’t have jurisdiction in our state. Anyway, that’s in court now. Back to the point, I have good news about the Everglades!
How the Everglades are meant to look, untouched.
The recent announcement has left EPA saying “this is a milestone for America’s Everglades.” An $880 million plan to improve water quality in the Everglades has been approved and it includes a 12-year clean up (yikes that’s three more election cycles). Pollution from farming practices and nearby urban centers has left the Everglades with poor water quality which is a major source of drinking water for South Floridians.
The Everglades are home to some of the most unique species in the U.S. The new cleanup plan is a response to a lawsuit from….1988! The plan includes new water treatment and stormwater infrastructure to address some of the polluted waterways in the Everglades. Glad to see that we can still preserve our country’s land. Many of our lands, waters, and species are interconnected and are affected by any change whether you can visually see it or not. Cheers.

industry_corpus2: Water Resources & Marine


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If you are looking for assistance with reporting suspected child abuse, or have any child welfare protection concerns please call a Children's Aid Society. We have two in Hamilton and their phone numbers are listed below. Remember, if you suspect that a child is at risk or is being abused, you have a legal responsibility to report your concerns to a Children's Aid Society. If you're not sure, call and consult with a counselor there who will decide whether and what further actions are required.You may report anonymously if you wish.
To request a referral to our OASIS Program (specialized trauma counselling and supports for refugee and immigrant children and youth) or our Sexual Abuse Assessment and Treatment (SAAT) Program, please call Contact Hamilton at (905) 522-3304.
*Note: Please use the Post Office Box address for mailing purposes.
Monday to Friday - 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Evening appointments available.
We are on several bus routes, including Route 1 (King) and there is a stop in front of our building (opposite the No Frills plaza).
Our Charitable Registration Number is 893261727RR1.
A secure link for online donations is provided above on the right.

industry_corpus2: Others


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ITS A FLOATING HEAD AND PAW!!!!
Lovely teeth. It seems a vampire!
My new dog has the same teeth.. small and terrible... and she eats everything. Does ferrets eat wires and cables??? My dog does... I've spent 100 euros to buy new cables in 3 weeks!
Not the ferrets ... Nahum did shew the computer cable when he wanted to have my attention But he was a rubber maniac so I needed to hide all shoes, elastics, ... I have no problem with Petit Ours.
My dog steals my shoes too!
It's a drama in the morning!
little fangs... he's too cute!
adorable... i can see his little fang, fangs... what a cutie.
je ne sais comment, mais après une coupure de I. Explorer j'ai atterri ici ....alors j'en profite pour te mettre un petit com.
J'aime beaucoup la photo de Petit Ours sortant la tête du tiroir ... et sa blancheur qui tranche avec le fond noir.
Your welcome he always has a nice expression ^^.
He looks very devious. Must be fun to follow his adventures.
Great day, night or evening to you both, depending at the position of the sun in your current location.
X3 Well hello there!! He is so cute I bet he'd love to play with my ferrets sometime!
You're welcome, and also, thank you so much!


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White Rock and Mt Sheridan residents are invited tonight from 6pm, to Carols by Candlelight at the Benjamina Park Recreation Ground, Forest Gardens.
The Cairns Junior Choral Society, along with the Northern Pride, bush poet Dave Delaney, and local MC Steve Ahmet will make for a real community night.
Carols will also be on the Northern Beaches at the same time, at the Yorkeys Knob community grounds in Wattle Street.
Bring a blanket, fold up chair, and some of spirits (both kinds).


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There is a special something about US-singer Alina Baraz that makes me return to her so often. She has a very calming timbre which suits the beats of Danish producer Galimatias perfectly, who worked with her on a lot of her songs, including ‘Drift’, in a collaborative effort.
They also just announced a new track with the name of ‘Urban Flora’, that is due to be released anytime soon. Good times!

industry_corpus2: Film & Entertainment


text: The First Week in July | Words. Sentences. Stuff.


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Across the world family businesses like yours are the foundation on which economies are built. Many of the most well-known business stories are or were originally family concerns, and the unique dynamics of family businesses can often be the driving source of their success.
Our family business clients include large international businesses, smaller domestic companies and everything in between, across a variety of industry sectors. We understand that the focus of a family business may frequently differ from other kinds of enterprises. Though all are committed to commercial growth, family businesses are also often looking at longer-term goals, and are celebrated by their clients for that ethos of sustainability and distinct family values.
With our private client heritage we are particularly well placed to help integrate both the corporate and personal aspects of your family life. Whether that’s the interplay between corporate and personal tax, or advising on the potentially delicate issues surrounding business succession from one generation to the next, we have helped a huge number of family businesses maintain their success around the world.
We approach your situation with a rounded view of every kind of issue you may face, and all of the objectives you are looking to achieve. Our knowledge and experience can be of service in areas such as corporate structuring, regulatory oversight, family and business governance, and business succession planning, as well as more traditional corporate, finance, tax and wealth planning matters.
Our dispute resolution team is well-prepared to advise on commercial disputes within the family, as well as on more specialist issues such as family trust litigation. Front of mind for us is the fact that although it may be necessary to go to court, it is rarely in a family’s interest to have its private affairs dragged into the public arena. We will therefore do all we can to resolve disputes via alternative routes such as mediation, in order to reach a satisfactory outcome while maintaining discretion and confidentiality.
Wealth matters because of what you can do with it. No one would argue with this premise, but what do successful families think they should do with their wealth?
We assisted a family in efficient structuring of the family's business activities in the US and the UK as well as their family charitable foundation. The unique nature of our US team based in London enabled us to provide both the UK and US advice on the structuring and charitable foundation under one roof.
When multiple generations of a family are involved in a business together, the issues can become complex. Withers has a strong track record in this area so when a family-owned business approached us, we were able to address their needs. We helped with inheritance tax planning for the senior generation as well as the separation of assets between the three generations involved. The planning included reclassifying shares, paying a dividend and a de-merger of the business.

industry_corpus2: Finance & Economics


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Will I still have to worry about viruses and bacteria? Will they evaporate with the water or be left behind?
Yes, theoretically it should work.
The amount of labor involved/gal. I recommend you try it out and report your results.
Recommend supplying heat to the water being evaporated. The water left in the container being evaporated will get cold and be harder and harder to pump-evaporate. One could put a larger container of water around the original container to supply the heat needed to keep bringing it up to room temperature.
The contaminants of the pump (oil, rubber, etc.) can get into the distilled water.
The life time or durability of these pumps is in question. These things were designed to be operated for short time periods and not much at all over their life time. I expect they would ware out quickly. Just a thought though, one would need to check this out.
Those hand pumps are pretty basic. The seal is nothing more than a piece of rubber or leather cut just a little bigger than the tube they are in. Easily replaced with a piece of tanned deer hide and lubed with vegetable oil.


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Combining the latest in Canon’s mirrorless technology, a full frame sensor, and a compact body weighing less than 500g, the Canon EOS RP offers both premium performance and remarkable portability. Boosted by Canon’s latest DIG!C8 processor, the EOS RP’s 26.2MP full-frame CMOS sensor offers both superb shooting performance in low light, and professional picture quality for richly detailed landscapes, portraits, event shots, and more.
Shooting is a breeze with the Canon RP’s 3.0-inch, high resolution vari angle touch screen and intuitive interface. Perform functions, from locking focus to setting preferences, with a tap of your finger; rotate the screen to view your images in tricky light or easily shoot from different angles; and flip the screen for easy vlogging/video recording, and protection during storage or transport. A built-in 2.36MP electronic viewfinder further enhances the user experience, making it easier to shoot in bright conditions and track moving subjects.
Incorporating Canon’s fastest (0.05 sec) and most advanced autofocus (AF) technology, the Canon RP ensures you can shoot with confidence, even in conditions as dark as -5 EV. Up to 4,779 selectable AF point positions allow for exceptional focusing precision, while eye detection AF (available in Single Shot, Servo and Movie Servo mode) accurately tracks a subject’s eyes for razor-sharp portraits and video footage.
Future-proof your film recording with stunning 4K resolution; HDR (Full HD with RF/EF lenses or HD and movie cropping with EF-S lenses); the ability to grab 8.8MP photos from your videos; and sound features including external microphone and headphone ports, volume adjustment, and wind filter for higher quality audio capture and review.
An inbuilt interval timer lets you effortlessly create time lapses in-camera with full resolution in each frame. The result? A seamless, 4K movie file that you don’t need to edit.
Easily download/share, automatically transfer and remotely shoot your images via Bluetooth and the Canon Camera Connect app on your paired smart device.
Single shooting, High-speed continuous shooting, Low-speed continuous shooting, Self-timer: 10 sec./remote, Self-timer: 2 sec./remote, Self-timer:	Continuous High-speed continuous shooting: Max. approx. 5.0 shots/sec.
10 sec. to 2 sec.
How many and what type of memory cards can be used with the Canon EOS RP?
Can the Canon RP battery be charged in the camera?
Yes, the supplied PD-E1 USB Power Adapter enables in-camera charging of the LP-E17 battery.
Is there a battery grip available for the Canon EOS RP?
You can purchase an optional grip extender (available in black, red or blue) for the Canon RP but there is no battery grip available.
With the grip extender in place you can still access the battery and memory card slots, as well as a tripod socket.
Which speedlights can be used with the Canon RP?
The Canon EOS RP is compatible with all Canon EL/EX series Speedlites.
Can the Canon EOS RP shoot HDR video?
Yes – with RF/EF lenses the EOS RP can shoot HDR (high dynamic range) movies in full HD, and with EF-S lenses it can shoot HDR movies with movie cropping in HD.
Is the Canon EOS RP weather sealed?
Yes. The Canon RP is built around a magnesium alloy chassis and features high precision outer body parts, including dust and moisture resistant sealing.


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My name is Eduardo del Solar. I was born and raised in Lima, Peru. Presently I reside in the Boston area of the USA. I recently retired as a computer teacher from the Boston public schools. For more than 30 years a great deal of my job took place inside the confines of school walls. Nature photography provided me a distinct break from the work that goes on inside a classroom. During the week ends and vacations, I found myself quite ready to go at, or before, sunrise. These are times when the light seems to be so sweet and the natural world is so transformed. Now that I am retired, I am free to pursuit what I like doing best!
In the last ten years I have been concentrating in nature photography. From December 2005 to December 2006 I engaged in a one year project at the Boston Nature Center, my local Audubon site, with the purpose of honing my photographic skills and advancing my web design skills. I then became engaged in a three to five year Birds of the Americas project, a project that has taken me to places like Peru, Costa Rica, Galapagos, Canada, Iceland, the Southwest and New England. I have taken many trips to Peru to get my collection started. My goal is to photograph what is available to me in the New England area all the way down to my native country.
In 2011 I started a project with Goldenrod, an environmental agency at Plymouth Long Beach, an Important Bird Area that has nesting colonies of Piping Plovers, terns and gulls. My goal was to photograph the seasons through an entire year, a project that took me a year and a half to complete. Recently I am working on a tango project, another way to capture the dynamics of movement, feeling and connection.

industry_corpus2: Subject Education


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Italian soldier; born at Guastalla 1828; died at Milan Sept. 28, 1903. Though brought up to a commercial life, he joined the army as a volunteer in 1848. He took part in the defense of Rome, and for his bravery in the battle of Vascello was appointed lieutenant. He afterward went to Piedmont, but, suspected of revolutionary tendencies by the government, fled to London, where he came in connection with Mazzini. In 1859 he returned to Italy and joined Garibaldi at Como. He was wounded in the leg at Volturno (Oct. 1, 1860). After a month's inaction he became a member of Garibaldi's staff. AtAspromonte the whole staff was captured and imprisoned.
Guastalla again saw active service in 1866, and fought under Garibaldi at Como, Brescia, Lonoto, Salo, and Desenzano. He retired from the army with the rank of major and the insignia of knight commandant of the Order of St. Maurice and St. Lazarus. He was member of the Italian Parliament for Varese.


text: New website for a contemporary 5-star hotel in the heart of a breath-taking region of Girona, Cataluña. Special care in the responsive/mobile version, transmitting elegance and exclusivity. Camiral is located in a golf resort and has a lot of facilities and services so there was the challenge to solve high usability needs.

industry_corpus2: Hospitality & Catering


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Anyone who fancies themselves at home in the kitchen should already know that a recipe is only as good as the ingredients used for it. However, that doesn’t mean ingredients are actually enough all on their own. Instead, you should consider other important factors, namely, the supplies you’re using to make your dishes. Without quality supplies, a good recipe and great ingredients won’t save the finished product.
People with businesses that revolve around their food products would be especially wise to consider this. Things like frozen yogurt paper cups may not be the most exciting aspect of a frozen yogurt store, but they are no less essential to that business’ success.
That’s because these materials will be used in the presentation of the final product. In fact, they actually play a vital role where enjoying the frozen yogurt is concerned, because it can affect how the product actually tastes.
Pan liner lids are another good example of where spending a little extra can work as an investment in your customer’s overall enjoyment of the product. It doesn’t have to be a lot of money, but it can make a huge difference for sure.
So when you think about serving food to others, don’t forget about something as important as the materials you’ll be using. They could make or break your business.
No matter what you need for your ice cream shop, Gelato Products has them at the best possible price. Everything from gelato supplies and more can be yours and these are products you’ll be proud to show off.


text: This Article offers a new critique of Federal Rule of Evidence 609, which permits impeachment of criminal defendants by means of their prior criminal convictions. In admitting convictions as impeachment evidence, courts are wrongly assuming that such convictions are necessarily reliable indicators of relative culpability. Courts assume that convictions are the product of a fair fight, that they demonstrate relative culpability, and that they connote moral culpability. But current prosecutorial practice and other data undermine each of these assumptions. Accordingly, this Article proposes that before a conviction is used for impeachment, there should be an assessment of the extent to which it is a reliable indicator of relative culpability. In support of its proposals, this Article draws two new sources into the impeachment context. First, in a groundbreaking sentencing opinion, Judge Nancy Gertner refused to give the prescribed weight to the defendant’s prior convictions, because she feared that they were the product of racial profiling and that she would be compounding disparities. Second, the prosecution’s ethical duty to “do justice” militates in favor of a prosecutorial assessment of a conviction’s reliability before the prosecution proffers it for impeachment. Through these kinds of judicial and prosecutorial inquiries, the law of impeachment will hew more closely to the realities of the criminal justice system, and to justice itself.


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Honda Accord 03 9398 Manualpl - Used Honda Accord for sale. Matches Found: 29. Filters (2) Being I've owned 2 prior honda's (an '03 Accord and a 94 Prelude), I know the dependability is fantastic and I will have this car for a long time. 2017 Honda Accord LX in Seattle, Washington 98036 This is my 3rd Accord, but this is the first Accord I have owned in a V6 manual. Honda Accord 2012 Owners Manual Sedan (446 Pages) (Free) Honda Accord 2013 Owners Manual Coupe (554 Pages) (Free) Honda Accord 2013 Owners Manual Sedan (595 Pages) (Free) Misc Document. Honda Accord 1977 Misc Documents Brochure (17 Pages) (Free) Honda Accord 1980 Misc Documents Brochure. View and Download HONDA Accord service manual online. 1994 Coupe. Accord Automobile pdf manual download. Also for: Accord coupe 1994, Accord 94, Accord coupe 1995, Accord coupe 1996, Accord coupe 1997..
Save $4,787 on a 2003 Honda Accord. Search over 83,500 listings to find the best local deals. CarGurus analyzes over 6 million cars daily.. 2018 Honda Accord sales are down and the Camry is up, but the North American Car of the Year winner isn't panicking.. Jul 10, 2018 · Post 9398 - AccordXClub.com - The Largest 2018 Honda Accord Enthusiast Forum, 03 PM by Fired00d. 26. 1 Attachment(s) Official 10th Gen Accord Today 07:04 PM by vtecharry. 17. Latest Honda Accord News: 2018 Honda Accord Struggles.

industry_corpus2: Automobiles


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He is extensively fellowship trained and has successfully completed the European Diploma for Hand Surgery in Paris (European Board Certification).
He has recently returned from Europe where he was invited to work as an Associate Professor at the UMCU, Utrecht Medical Center University.
He is an invited teacher in many global hand surgical societies including Singapore, India, Europe and the USA.
He is course director/faculty for many international hand and wrist trauma workshops and provides a hand surgery service and training at the Royal Berskhire Hospital.
He offers private consultation in Berkshire and London.

industry_corpus2: Health & Medicine


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95 Greene Street Apt 3A, New York, NY 10012 | Sotheby's International Realty, Inc.
$8,975 Per Month2 Bedrooms2 Full Baths1,300 sq. ft.
This dramatic two-bedroom loft, offered as furnished or unfurnished, located on the most sought after street in SoHo, has everything you desire. Comfortable living at it’s finest, this home mixes state of the art technology with stunning architectural details including soaring 14’ +/- ceilings, crown moldings, and custom 100-year old walnut doors and floors. Lock the door and throw away the key as you won’t want to leave this private sanctuary in the center of it all!
The stately full service kitchen boasts beautiful granite countertops, custom cherry cabinetry, designer lighting, Viking appliances, Sub-Zero refrigerator and wine cooler. The open spacious floor plan provides an ideal space for entertaining. The living room features three oversized west-facing windows providing excellent light and is completed by electronic whiteout/blackout shades. The large master bedroom has a walk in closet and a private spa-like bathroom with European stone tile and television screen.
Great for overnight guests this loft has a separate office area, guest bedroom, and guest bath with an LG washer and dryer.
A best kept secret, 95 Greene is located on a charming and quiet cobblestone street in heart of Soho. It is right above Tiffany & Co and moments away from some of the best shopping (Prada, Etro) and dining (Balthazar, Costata, Ladurée). This convenient location is close to subway lines and to Tribeca, Nolita, Noho, Little Italy and The Village!
This dramatic two-bedroom loft, offered as furnished or unfurnished, located on the most sought after street in SoHo, has everything you desire. Comfortable living at it’s finest, this home mixes state of the art technology with stunning architectural details including soaring 14’ +/- ceilings, crown moldings, and custom 100-year old walnut doors and floors. Lock the door and throw away the key as you won’t want to leave this private sanctuary in the center of it all! The stately full service kitchen boasts beautiful granite countertops, custom cherry cabinetry, designer lighting, Viking appliances, Sub-Zero refrigerator and wine cooler. The open spacious floor plan provides an ideal space for entertaining. The living room features three oversized west-facing windows providing excellent light and is completed by electronic whiteout/blackout shades. The large master bedroom has a walk in closet and a private spa-like bathroom with European stone tile and television screen. Great for overnight guests this loft has a separate office area, guest bedroom, and guest bath with an LG washer and dryer. A best kept secret, 95 Greene is located on a charming and quiet cobblestone street in heart of Soho. It is right above Tiffany & Co and moments away from some of the best shopping (Prada, Etro) and dining (Balthazar, Costata, Ladurée). This convenient location is close to subway lines and to Tribeca, Nolita, Noho, Little Italy and The Village!

industry_corpus2: Real Estate & Construction


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Sterling Silver Cross and Crown spoon ring with Holy Bible handmade by us with an adjustable ring size.
This ring depicts a highly detailed cross with a crown of thorns around it and a Holy Bible in front. The detail is amazing and just gorgeous! I just love the style of the cross!
This particular ring is a solid 925 sterling silver casting we made of a unique and stunning spoon pattern originally made by R Wallace & Sons from the late 1800s! We make our castings from recycling the bowls we cut from the antique sterling silver spoons we make into rings. It's a great way for us to up-cycle and keep the sterling spoon silver in top quality spoon ring form. We hope you enjoy this lovely pattern as much as we do!

industry_corpus2: Manufacturing


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USDA Mortgage Eligibility is a very basic process.? A debtors income and credit file should be underwritten similar to some other mortgage plan.? Even so, USDA farm loans are far extra lenient with regards to down payment specs and credit rating needs.
There are actually various great. This USDA farm mortgage plan permits a borrower to purchase a mortgage applying the cheapest probable month to month payment when in contrast with FHA loans and 3.5% as a down payment.


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Polyester Spiral Press Filter Fabric has been extensively used in all kinds of industries such as printing and drying,food,salt industry,pharmaceutical ,environment protection,process hides,shoe making,clothing,pottery and other conveyable betl.
Dec 21, 20170183;32;Filter Mesh, Filter Mesh Suppliers and Manufacturers at spiral press filtrate fabrics filtering liquids from solids. About 27% of these are steel wire mesh, 24% are filter meshes, and 1% are fiberglass mesh. .
Micron Filter Cloth. PT 40/76 40gsm 150 micron filter cloth from China polyester spiral press filter belt 90 micron nylon polyester filter mesh fabric industrial filter cloth for.
Our polyester fabrics are divided into polyester forming fabric, polyester spiral dryer fabric, polyester dryer fabric, polyester spiral press filter fabric, sludge dehydration fabric, polyester plain fabric, Decorative wire mesh and polyester pulping fabric etc.
Dryer Screen, Industrial Filter Belt, Paper Making Clothing manufacturer / supplier in China, offering Single Layer Press Felt for Paper Machine, Polyester Desulfurization Filter Fabric Belt Mesh, Tungsten Steel Paper Cutting Blades and so on.
Great material polyester spiral press filter fabric packing in roll with plastic inside, Polyester spiral pressure filter mesh is suitable for high pressure press filter washer, Polyester spiral press filter belt is mainly used in dryer industry,such as food dehydration,paper making dryer,salt producting etc. 2.
polyester spiral press filter fabrics belt 90 micron nylon polyester filter mesh fabric for plate and frame filter press sludge dewatering for mining or wastewater industry 6m3/h Small Capacity Food Waste Dehydrator Belt Filter Press for sale.
polyester spiral press filter fabrics belt 90 micron nylon polyester filter mesh fabric . for sludge dewatering/wastewater treatment,stainless steel small belt filter. Consult Beijing PFM Screen Trading Co., polyester printing mesh .
Polyester Spiral Press Filter Fabrics is add the filler wire into spiral ring, so the air permeability is reduced and less material loss on the surface of the fabric. Mainly used in paper making, printing and dyeing, food, pharmaceutical, ceramics and solid liquid separation industries like sludge dehydration.
Polyester Spiral Press Filter Belt This kind of polyester spiral belt is made of polyester spiral dryer fabric which is filled with stuff to reduce the air permeation and to intensitive the opening, hence to reduce the material loss from the mesh opening.
4. The main products are papermaking felt , polyester forming fabrics, polyester spiral dry fabrics, spiral press filtrate fabrics, sludge dehydration fabrics, polyester double layer fabrics,multilayer fabrics, paper making felt, printing belt, polyester belt for nonwoven cloth, belt for tea machine, belt for food industry, belt for coal mine, etc.
Henan Huafeng Fabric Technology Co., was established in 1996, is a professional large scale manufacturer of paper machine clothing, serving paper and non woven industries. Our main products include forming fabric, dryer fabric, pulp washing fabric, press filter fabric, stainless steel wire mesh and related products.
Filter Belt for Belt Press, Filter Press and vacuum Belt Filter Sludge dewatering fabrics is widely used for waste water treatment industry. Polyester filter belt is also used in belt press for juice press, such as coconut milk press, pineapple press and so on.
About 30% of these are 100% polyester fabric, 1% are knitted fabric, and 1% are printing mesh. A wide variety of polyester spiral press filter mesh options are available to you, such as weave wire mesh, perforated mesh.
polyester spiral press filter mesh fabric spiral press filter belt Polyester Spiral Mesh Belt. Customized stainless steel conveyor belt food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical industry conveyor polyester spiral press filter conveyor belt dryer fabric in pharmaceutical plants . Mesh Belt For Pharmaceuticals Industry Belt Conveyor.
We offer the following Polyester mesh fabric used in a variety of industries as filter screen fabric and belting cloth. Following cases listed according to specific uses. For Coal Mining Industry Polyester Coal Dewatering and Washing Belt; Spiral Mesh Belt.

industry_corpus2: Petrochemicals


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"Our answer to terror is routine, routine, routine," Sderot Mayor Eli Moyal says.
Yaakov Yaakobov won't get to celebrate his son's bar mitzva next month. The father of two teenage boys died just before midnight in Beersheba's Soroka Medical Center after he was critically wounded Tuesday morning when a Palestinian-launched Kassam rocket hit the factory where he worked on the outskirts of Sderot. Four other workers were lightly wounded. "I saw him lying on the ground with blood on his face," his co-worker Tanya Basov told The Jerusalem Post. She was among the lucky factory workers who made it safely out of the building after the warning siren rang out around 8:30 a.m. A video released to the media showed how the workers ran for the safety of a nearby protected room. Yaakobov, who immigrated from Russia 12 years ago, is the last one seen heading out from behind a stack of boxes before the Kassam crashed through the roof and the room filled with smoke from the fire that broke out upon impact. "People were still holding their hands to their ears because the noise had been so loud," Basov said as she sat in the factory's office across the way. As she spoke, workers cleared away the burnt timber from the factory. On a table to the side, the half-filled coffee and teacups were still where some workers had left them. They had been on break at the time of the explosion. It's the second attack on the city with serious casualties in less than a week. Last Wednesday, a Kassam rocket killed Sderot resident Fatima Slutsker. Tuesday's attack on the factory occurred as the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Louise Arbour was on a planned visit to the city as part of her five-day trip to the region. On Monday, she visited Beit Hanun, the city from which many of the Kassams are launched and which has been the target of IDF retaliatory operations. UN spokesman Christopher Gunness said that upon their arrival in Sderot, two Kassams landed some 200 meters from their car as they were parked on the side of the road. They continued to the mayor's office and were meeting with him when the factory was attacked. Arbour asked to be taken to the scene and Sderot Mayor Eli Moyal later told the Post he was only too happy to oblige. According to Gunnes, Arbour condemned the attack and said, "Kassam rockets are illegal under international law because they are too inaccurate to distinguish between civilian and non-civilian targets." In addition, Arbour said that Israel "has a responsibility to defend its citizens, but has to do so only by legal means. It has to do so in line with international law, including international humanitarian law, but it has a primary responsibility to protect people who are under its authority." While Moyal said he was pleased by Arbour's visit, not everyone was happy to see her. According to footage of the scene, a few workers at the site of the rocket attack shouted some curses at her and one threw a stone at her vehicle as it drove away. Gunness downplayed the significance of the attack on the high commissioner. He said she was well received and a welcomed guest in the city during her two-hour tour which included a visit to a kindergarten class. Arbour also got a first-hand look at the way Kassam attacks induce panic in children when a warning siren rang out while she was in the classroom. In light of the barrage of Kassam attacks in the last week, the city had asked that only those schools which had been reinforced against attacks be opened. Some 25 percent of schools are still unprotected. Moyal said that only about 40 percent of the children showed up to school on Tuesday. Sitting smoking in his office, Moyal said, that he was doing his best to hold onto a semblance of normality given the unrelenting barrage of rockets against his city. "Our answer to terror is routine, routine, routine," he said. Across the city, outside of the ammonia factory, Marietta Davidovitch said she had no choice but to live by that same motto. She continued to work in the factory's office on Tuesday, even though she heard about the attack on her way in to work. "My son has already called twice today to see how I am doing," she said. An immigrant from Romania, she said that, in spite of her fear, she had no intention of leaving the city. "Where would I go?" she asked. AP contributed to this report.


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The ptiTune cliemnt seems not able to detect Microsoft "apps" like games, at least it's not able to detect Candy Crush and Solitaire.
Is there a way to let Optitune detect even micorsoft apps?
It currently doesn't detect Windows Store apps, only full desktop apps. We have this on our list of features to implement for a future version.


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You can't always trust out of date or expired printed Full Size Cad RWD manuals when it comes to recalls.
ALLDATA provides online access to recalls as well as other technical information from any computer at any location. Our professional-grade service and repair products are detailed, professional quality manuals and provide direct access to OEM Technical Service Bulletin and Recalls. You can purchase access to the Full Size Cad RWD data in one or five year segments starting at $26.95 for full permissions.


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In December of 2012, I became a certified scuba diver. I didn’t go anywhere fancy for my “check-out” dive after spending a pool weekend in SoMa, just Monterey, CA.
It was a dreary, drizzly day indeed that we submerged ourselves in the 55 degree waters and descended to the depths. I’d never been afraid of scuba diving or swimming or anything else rational, but I did feel acutely, for the first time, what it was like to exist in an alien environment.
I thought I was far too smart to freak out, but I did end up experiencing moments of panic, even when I knew I had plenty of air and that I was in the company of experts and that there was nothing to fear. Despite this irrefutable logic, occasionally I would be hit with the intense feeling of “I want to be above water NOW,” with my mind instantly starting to circle the dark what-if places.
But then, the gods of Monterey would whisper softly in my ear, “Breathe. Just breathe. There is air in your tank. There is a regulator in your mouth. Breathe, you fool.” And I would, and it was fine, and I could enjoy the kelp forests swaying beneath the surface in a never ending song, stretching up past where my brown eye could see.
Shortly after my scuba diving adventure, I experienced a moment in which I was stressed out. Somehow, all of the tasks I’d ever lined up for myself became compressed into a single moment, and I bore the entire weight of my 20, 15, 10, and 5 year goals at once, along with my various daily to-do lists. It was paralyzing, and I tasted the familiar flavor of panic and inadequacy.
Then I remembered what the gods whispered to me under the sea, as I rocked back and forth next to the kelp forests, and I remembered that I could breathe, that I had everything I needed at that moment to survive, and that I would survive. Then, all my goals and to-dos slinkied back out to a normal distance, and I was okay, but only as long as I kept breathing.
If you liked this post, you might also like: What Improv Taught Me about Life, The 24-Hour Starbucks on California Street, and The Elastic Minutes.
I’ve never been scuba diving, though I’d love to go, even though I’m a poor swimmer. So many people I’ve spoken to who’ve done it talk about the strange and suffocating feeling of dislocation, of being somewhere they shouldn’t, and of wanting to get out because of that. Must be quite something to experience and learn to breathe through, literally and figuratively. The thing I think I’d really struggle to do, though it looks exciting, is skydiving. What other experience would you now call off-limits following your dive underwater?
I don’t think anything is off-limits. Maybe hitchhiking.
I love scuba diving, though I am very new to it (just certified in September of last year), and my ‘check out’ dive wasn’t even as nice as yours. Being from Texas, there aren’t many grandeur underwater spots & mine was held in a some-what clear rock query turned lake. The calm and the quiet of the underwater is addicting!
I too did my final “check-out” dive in Monterey Bay, many years ago. Mine was during August, but the water was still cold and very murky. I could barely see 12 inches from my mask. I had some buoyancy problems, and my partner descended into the depths without me. I watched him disappear below me into the dark water. But as you say, I had plenty of air and was in the company of experts, so it all worked out.
Fabulous post, I like the visual of the kelp swaying the water.
Good on you, I am terrified of the water (ocean/sea) and would never consider scuba diving although my boyfriend loves it and keeps trying to convince me. Maybe one of these days!!

industry_corpus2: Sports


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On Accidents, Damages, Wrongful Death.
If a loved one is killed are you entitled to bring a wrongful death lawsuit? Arizona statutes set forth the requirements as to who is eligible to bring a wrongful death claim. Find out what these requirements are.
Often clients want to know how quickly they may expect to recover from those responsible for causing their injuries. Find out what we do to seek to expedite this process when representing injured clients.


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A modeling averaging ensemble combines the prediction from each model equally and often results in better performance on average than a given single model.
Sometimes there are very good models that we wish to contribute more to an ensemble prediction, and perhaps less skillful models that may be useful but should contribute less to an ensemble prediction. A weighted average ensemble is an approach that allows multiple models to contribute to a prediction in proportion to their trust or estimated performance.
In this tutorial, you will discover how to develop a weighted average ensemble of deep learning neural network models in Python with Keras.
Model averaging ensembles are limited because they require that each ensemble member contribute equally to predictions.
Weighted average ensembles allow the contribution of each ensemble member to a prediction to be weighted proportionally to the trust or performance of the member on a holdout dataset.
How to implement a weighted average ensemble in Keras and compare results to a model averaging ensemble and standalone models.
Model averaging is an approach to ensemble learning where each ensemble member contributes an equal amount to the final prediction.
In the case of regression, the ensemble prediction is calculated as the average of the member predictions. In the case of predicting a class label, the prediction is calculated as the mode of the member predictions. In the case of predicting a class probability, the prediction can be calculated as the argmax of the summed probabilities for each class label.
A limitation of this approach is that each model has an equal contribution to the final prediction made by the ensemble. There is a requirement that all ensemble members have skill as compared to random chance, although some models are known to perform much better or much worse than other models.
A weighted ensemble is an extension of a model averaging ensemble where the contribution of each member to the final prediction is weighted by the performance of the model.
The model weights are small positive values and the sum of all weights equals one, allowing the weights to indicate the percentage of trust or expected performance from each model.
One can think of the weight Wk as the belief in predictor k and we therefore constrain the weights to be positive and sum to one.
— Learning with ensembles: How over-fitting can be useful, 1996.
Uniform values for the weights (e.g. 1/k where k is the number of ensemble members) means that the weighted ensemble acts as a simple averaging ensemble. There is no analytical solution to finding the weights (we cannot calculate them); instead, the value for the weights can be estimated using either the training dataset or a holdout validation dataset.
Finding the weights using the same training set used to fit the ensemble members will likely result in an overfit model. A more robust approach is to use a holdout validation dataset unseen by the ensemble members during training.
The simplest, perhaps most exhaustive approach would be to grid search weight values between 0 and 1 for each ensemble member. Alternately, an optimization procedure such as a linear solver or gradient descent optimization can be used to estimate the weights using a unit norm weight constraint to ensure that the vector of weights sum to one.
Unless the holdout validation dataset is large and representative, a weighted ensemble has an opportunity to overfit as compared to a simple averaging ensemble.
A simple alternative to adding more weight to a given model without calculating explicit weight coefficients is to add a given model more than once to the ensemble. Although less flexible, it allows a given well-performing model to contribute more than once to a given prediction made by the ensemble.
We will use a small multi-class classification problem as the basis to demonstrate the weighted averaging ensemble.
Before we define a model, we need to contrive a problem that is appropriate for the weighted average ensemble.
In this case, we can see that the model achieved about 87% accuracy on the training dataset, which we know is optimistic, and about 81% on the test dataset, which we would expect to be more realistic.
Now that we have identified that the model is a good candidate for developing an ensemble, we can next look at developing a simple model averaging ensemble.
We can develop a simple model averaging ensemble before we look at developing a weighted average ensemble.
The results of the model averaging ensemble can be used as a point of comparison as we would expect a well configured weighted average ensemble to perform better.
First, we need to fit multiple models from which to develop an ensemble. We will define a function named fit_model() to create and fit a single model on the training dataset that we can call repeatedly to create as many models as we wish.
We can call this function to create a pool of 10 models.
Next, we can develop model averaging ensemble.
We don’t know how many members would be appropriate for this problem, so we can create ensembles with different sizes from one to 10 members and evaluate the performance of each on the test set.
We can also evaluate the performance of each standalone model in the performance on the test set. This provides a useful point of comparison for the model averaging ensemble, as we expect that the ensemble will out-perform a randomly selected single model on average.
Each model predicts the probabilities for each class label, e.g. has three outputs. A single prediction can be converted to a class label by using the argmax() function on the predicted probabilities, e.g. return the index in the prediction with the largest probability value. We can ensemble the predictions from multiple models by summing the probabilities for each class prediction and using the argmax() on the result. The ensemble_predictions() function below implements this behavior.
We can estimate the performance of an ensemble of a given size by selecting the required number of models from the list of all models, calling the ensemble_predictions() function to make a prediction, then calculating the accuracy of the prediction by comparing it to the true values. The evaluate_n_members() function below implements this behavior.
The scores of the ensembles of each size can be stored to be plotted later, and the scores for each individual model are collected and the average performance reported.
Finally, we create a graph that shows the accuracy of each individual model (blue dots) and the performance of the model averaging ensemble as the number of members is increased from one to 10 members (orange line).
Running the example first reports the performance of each single model as well as the model averaging ensemble of a given size with 1, 2, 3, etc. members.
On this run, the average performance of the single models is reported at about 80.4% and we can see that an ensemble with between five and nine members will achieve a performance between 80.8% and 81%. As expected, the performance of a modest-sized model averaging ensemble out-performs the performance of a randomly selected single model on average.
Next, a graph is created comparing the accuracy of single models (blue dots) to the model averaging ensemble of increasing size (orange line).
On this run, the orange line of the ensembles clearly shows better or comparable performance (if dots are hidden) than the single models.
Now that we know how to develop a model averaging ensemble, we can extend the approach one step further by weighting the contributions of the ensemble members.
The model averaging ensemble allows each ensemble member to contribute an equal amount to the prediction of the ensemble.
We can update the example so that instead, the contribution of each ensemble member is weighted by a coefficient that indicates the trust or expected performance of the model. Weight values are small values between 0 and 1 and are treated like a percentage, such that the weights across all ensemble members sum to one.
First, we must update the ensemble_predictions() function to make use of a vector of weights for each ensemble member.
Instead, we can use efficient NumPy functions to implement the weighted sum such as einsum() or tensordot().
Full discussion of these functions is a little out of scope so please refer to the API documentation for more information on how to use these functions as they are challenging if you are new to linear algebra and/or NumPy. We will use tensordot() function to apply the tensor product with the required summing; the updated ensemble_predictions() function is listed below.
Next, we must update evaluate_ensemble() to pass along the weights when making the prediction for the ensemble.
We will use a modest-sized ensemble of five members, that appeared to perform well in the model averaging ensemble.
We can then estimate the performance of each individual model on the test dataset as a reference.
Next, we can use a weight of 1/5 or 0.2 for each of the five ensemble members and use the new functions to estimate the performance of a model averaging ensemble, a so-called equal-weight ensemble.
We would expect this ensemble to perform as well or better than any single model.
Finally, we can develop a weighted average ensemble.
A simple, but exhaustive approach to finding weights for the ensemble members is to grid search values. We can define a course grid of weight values from 0.0 to 1.0 in steps of 0.1, then generate all possible five-element vectors with those values. Generating all possible combinations is called a Cartesian product, which can be implemented in Python using the itertools.product() function from the standard library.
A limitation of this approach is that the vectors of weights will not sum to one (called the unit norm), as required. We can force reach generated weight vector to have a unit norm by calculating the sum of the absolute weight values (called the L1 norm) and dividing each weight by that value. The normalize() function below implements this hack.
We can now enumerate each weight vector generated by the Cartesian product, normalize it, and evaluate it by making a prediction and keeping the best to be used in our final weight averaging ensemble.
Once discovered, we can report the performance of our weight average ensemble on the test dataset, which we would expect to be better than the best single model and ideally better than the model averaging ensemble.
Running the example first creates the five single models and evaluates their performance on the test dataset.
Your specific results will vary given the stochastic nature of the learning algorithm.
On this run, we can see that model 2 has the best solo performance of about 81.7% accuracy.
Next, a model averaging ensemble is created with a performance of about 80.7%, which is reasonable compared to most of the models, but not all.
Next, the grid search is performed. It is pretty slow and may take about twenty minutes on modern hardware. The process could easily be made parallel using libraries such as Joblib.
Each time a new top performing set of weights is discovered, it is reported along with its performance on the test dataset. We can see that during the run, the process discovered that using model 2 alone resulted in a good performance, until it was replaced with something better.
We can see that the best performance was achieved on this run using the weights that focus only on the first and second models with the accuracy of 81.8% on the test dataset. This out-performs both the single models and the model averaging ensemble on the same dataset.
An alternate approach to finding weights would be a random search, which has been shown to be effective more generally for model hyperparameter tuning.
An alternative to searching for weight values is to use a directed optimization process.
Optimization is a search process, but instead of sampling the space of possible solutions randomly or exhaustively, the search process uses any available information to make the next step in the search, such as toward a set of weights that has lower error.
The SciPy library offers many excellent optimization algorithms, including local and global search methods.
SciPy provides an implementation of the Differential Evolution method. This is one of the few stochastic global search algorithms that “just works” for function optimization with continuous inputs, and it works well.
The differential_evolution() SciPy function requires that function is specified to evaluate a set of weights and return a score to be minimized. We can minimize the classification error (1 – accuracy).
As with the grid search, we most normalize the weight vector before we evaluate it. The loss_function() function below will be used as the evaluation function during the optimization process.
We must also specify the bounds of the optimization process. We can define the bounds as a five-dimensional hypercube (e.g. 5 weights for the 5 ensemble members) with values between 0.0 and 1.0.
Our loss function requires three parameters in addition to the weights, which we will provide as a tuple to then be passed along to the call to the loss_function() each time a set of weights is evaluated.
We can now call our optimization process.
We will limit the total number of iterations of the algorithms to 1,000, and use a smaller than default tolerance to detect if the search process has converged.
The result of the call to differential_evolution() is a dictionary that contains all kinds of information about the search.
Importantly, the ‘x‘ key contains the optimal set of weights found during the search. We can retrieve the best set of weights, then report them and their performance on the test set when used in a weighted ensemble.
Running the example first creates five single models and evaluates the performance of each on the test dataset.
We can see on this run that models 3 and 4 both perform best with an accuracy of about 82.2%.
Next, a model averaging ensemble with all five members is evaluated on the test set reporting an accuracy of 81.8%, which is better than some, but not all, single models.
The optimization process is relatively quick.
We can see that the process found a set of weights that pays most attention to models 3 and 4, and spreads the remaining attention out among the other models, achieving an accuracy of about 82.4%, out-performing the model averaging ensemble and individual models.
It is important to note that in these examples, we have treated the test dataset as though it were a validation dataset. This was done to keep the examples focused and technically simpler. In practice, the choice and tuning of the weights for the ensemble would be chosen by a validation dataset, and single models, model averaging ensembles, and weighted ensembles would be compared on a separate test set.
Parallelize Grid Search. Update the grid search example to use the Joblib library to parallelize weight evaluation.
Implement Random Search. Update the grid search example to use a random search of weight coefficients.
Try a Local Search. Try a local search procedure provided by the SciPy library instead of the global search and compare performance.
Repeat Global Optimization. Repeat the global optimization procedure multiple times for a given set of models to see if differing sets of weights can be found across the runs.
Neural Network Ensembles, Cross Validation, and Active Learning, 1995.
Learning with ensembles: How over-fitting can be useful, 1996.
Ensemble averaging (machine learning), Wikipedia.
Implementing a Weighted Majority Rule Ensemble Classifier, 2015.
Example of weighted ensemble, Kaggle Kernel.
Finding Ensemble Weights, Kaggle Kernel.
In this tutorial, you discovered how to develop a weighted average ensemble of deep learning neural network models in Python with Keras.
The post How to Develop a Weighted Average Ensemble for Deep Learning Neural Networks appeared first on Machine Learning Mastery.

industry_corpus2: Artificial Intelligence


text: Kim Soo-hyun (Hangul: 김수현; born January 25, 1985), also known as Claudia Kim, is a South Korean actress. She made her entertainment debut when she won a modeling contest in 2005, and went on to appear in supporting roles in medical drama Brain (2011) and spy comedy 7th Grade Civil Servant (2013), as well as a leading role in the sitcom Standby (2012). Kim has been cast in the upcoming Hollywood film Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015).


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The South Dakota Historical Society (SDHS) Press acknowledges and thanks the organizations, businesses, and individuals listed for their support in publishing Laura Ingalls Wilder’s Pioneer Girl: The Annotated Edition through the Pioneer Girl Project.
The success of the Pioneer Girl Project depends on support at all levels. If you or your organization would like to become a supporter of the publication of Laura Ingalls Wilder’s Pioneer Girl and the Pioneer Girl Project, please visit the website of the South Dakota Historical Society Foundation. Donate Now.
Great Plains Education Foundation, Inc., Aberdeen, S.Dak.
Marguerite and Thomas Smotherman, Jr.
Please let me know how I can donate to this wonderful project.
Please read our most recent blog post A Thank you to Our Sponsors & then visit the South Dakota Historical Foundation: Pioneer Girl Project page to donate. Thank you for supporting the project.
A very BIG THANK YOU to all who have supported the Pioneer Girl Project. The publishing of LIW Pioneer Girl is like a dream come true for a life long fan like me. I can hardly wait and thank you so much again for making this possible !!!
Thank you all so much for funding the Pioneer Girl project. I grew up on Laura’s books and the very adapted TV show. I can not even begin to tell you how many times I’ve reread the series and read part of it to my own children. I even visited De Smet, South Dakota on my way to Library School in Illinois. So thank you for making this project possible, and the book at a reasonable cost. I look forward to acquiring and reading it.


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If VMSD’s annual International Retail Design Conference (IRDC) started in one direction – discussing algorithm-driven retail and automation – it ended on a completely opposite (and well-received) note: a closing keynote on lessons learned from a “useless” retail store that made no money and offered merchandise for free.
The themes were fitting for an event that took place this past October 2-4 in Seattle, a city where tech and analog culture often collide, as could be seen during this year’s self-guided tours with highlights of everything from the latest Amazon Go store to the beloved stalwart, Elliott Bay Book Company. For three days, more than 400 creative types filled the ballrooms inside IRDC’s host hotel, Motif Seattle, and absorbed inspiration, best practices, trends and a little cannabis-related dialogue during the more than 25 sessions on the packed agenda.
“What will it take to thrive and survive in the 21st Century?” asked opening presenter and futurist Mike Walsh during his keynote focusing on what’s to come. For the next two days, IRDC speakers were ready to answer just that.
In the session “Tapping Into the Senses to Strike an Emotional Cord,” physical and digital worlds collided within the new Hershey Co. (Hershey, Pa.) store in New York’s Times Square. Speakers Jose Padron, Lead Global Retail Design at Hershey, and Monica Gerhardt, VP, Specialty Retail Design at FRCH Design Worldwide (Cincinnati), discussed how the most effective experiences stimulate multiple senses. As such, its new store incorporated elements like a personalization area using digital tablets, a scent-filled kitchen that allows the brand to test spin-off products and artful installations that play with scale.
During “Infinity Concept: The Journey of Something New,” Patricia Heath, VP, Retail Experience, for Samsung Electronics Canada Inc. (Mississauga, Ontario), and George Foussias, Design Director, Senior Associate, Quadrangle (Toronto), presented Samsung Canada’s latest experiential store concept in Toronto that employed a grand and aspirational design to foster engagement and create a brand connection with new customers, which number approximately half of the visitors to that particular store.
During Thursday morning’s Sponsor Case Study Breakfast, presenting/tour sponsor AVIXA (Fairfax, Va.) moderated a discussion on embracing audiovisual experiences to fuel retail growth. Several retailers highlighted their use of technology within stores, including Sephora (San Francisco), which offers services such as Color IQ, a device that scans the customer’s skin to determine the best shade of foundation, and augmented reality technology that allows customers to try on lipsticks or eye shadow virtually.
After the inaugural pre-conference event, Elevating Cannabis Retail, attendees raised a glass to VMSD’s 2018 Designer Dozen award winners, a celebration co-hosted by Wood Dale, Ill.-based Opto Intl. CallisonRTKL (Seattle) surprised attendees with a flash mob before the winners were recognized. Digital screens popped up for the first time in the 13th annual Iron Merchant Challenge, a visual merchandising competition in which six teams are tasked to create a window display that this year centered on a world cause. Using mannequins, Timberland apparel and a (tossed) fish (a very Pacific Northwest secret ingredient), participants created their displays, cocktails in-hand, in an hour. Conference-goers voted throughout the following day, and at the VMSD Awards Luncheon, Iron Merchant emcee and ZenGenius’ (Columbus, Ohio) Joe Baer declared the victorious sash-wearers would be the Orange Team, led by IRDC speaker Chuck Palmer of ConsumerX (Columbus, Ohio). More rounds of applause went to: Story (New York), winner of the 2018 VMSD/Peter Glen Retailer of the Year Award; Los Angeles’ “Coffee for Sasquatch,” by Dan Brunn Architecture (Los Angeles), Retail Renovation of the Year award in the annual Retail Renovation Competition; and Coach’s (New York) “Coach Subway” pop-up shop, Best In Show for the annual International Visual Competition.
Be sure to join us next year in Boston, Sept. 30 – Oct. 2, at the Westin Copley Place for IRDC 2019!
For a full gallery of images from IRDC 2018, please click here.


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In recent years the Sudan government has been responsible for pouring weapons into Darfur at a time when territorial and environmental tensions were already high. Rather than encourage and supervise resolutions to these issues the government has chosen to inflame ethnic and racial divisions in the region. The well-known devastation created by this policy has a precedent in British activities in the region in 1915-16 as part of the buildup to the Anglo-Egyptian invasion that brought the independent Sultanate of Darfur under the control of the Khartoum government.
Darfur's independence was first shattered by an invasion led by the powerful slave-trader and freebooter Zubayr Pasha in 1874. Zubayr's conquest was quickly taken from him by the Turko-Egyptian government, which controlled the rest of the Sudan at the time. The Egyptians in turn were expelled by the forces of the Mahdi, whose Islamic movement took control of most of the country except for a small strip of the Red Sea coast.
After the Mahdist government of Sudan was crushed at Omdurman by the British-led Egyptian Army in 1898 a so-called British-Egyptian Condominium government was created to administer the Sudan. Though a partnership in theory, government decisions were made exclusively by the senior partner, the British. Units of Sudanese and Egyptian troops were available to enforce the government's writ, but the senior officers were all British soldiers on loan to the Egyptian Army. The Governor General of the Sudan was also exclusively British, creating friction with Egyptian nationalists who justifiably questioned the balance of this 'partnership'. Added to this were civilians of the Sudan Political Service, powerful and independent men who often worked in isolation from other Europeans for long stretches of time. Almost exclusively drawn from Oxford and Cambridge universities, they were fluent in Arabic and expected to make most decisions in the field without having to refer everything to the Governor General in Khartoum. For over five decades this low-cost and, indeed, low-interest, form of administration worked surprisingly well, in large part because of British willingness to apply overwhelming force to any sign of defiance, especially in the early days of the Condominium.
Darfur remained outside the Condominium. It had been intended that it would form part of the Sudan in 1898, but a member of the Fur royal family, 'Ali Dinar, beat the British back to the capital of al-Fashir after the battle of Omdurman, deposing a British-supported pretender while re-establishing the Fur Kingdom. The British recognized 'Ali Dinar as sovereign of distant Darfur in exchange for an annual tribute and a nominal acceptance of the Sudan Government as the suzerain power.
Most of the British inspectors were trained in Arab language and culture, and had little sympathy for what they saw as backwards and ignorant Black Africans, regardless of their skills or achievements. For the Fur these achievements were considerable. For three centuries they had ruled a prosperous trading nation with a rich culture, building political unity from a nearly impossible ethnic and linguistic diversity.
The Arabs were never enthusiastic about Fur rule, but the centralized authority of the region created a tense but workable relationship between the tribes and the Sultan, who had recourse to a large professional army. Tribute was usually paid, and a degree of order prevailed between African and Arab tribes who might otherwise raid each other to their mutual impoverishment. What had changed by the late 19th century was the encroachment of European imperialists, the French to the West, and the British to the East. The Arab leaders realized that they now had a new card to play by manipulating this presence to their advantage. A similar phenomenon occurred in the Sultanate of Dar Sila on Darfur's western border, where the nomadic Arab tribes besieged the French with complaints about the 'African' Sultan Bakhit. The Sudan government's relationship with Darfur began to change in 1914, when the British became interested in using the Arabs against the African tribes who dominated Darfur.
The security of the Darfur border region was placed in the hands of one of the Sultan's most trusted lieutenants, Khalil 'Abd ar-Rahman. Determined to put an end to the insolence of the Arabs, Khalil pursued an active policy of force against the tribes, creating an incident in 1913 when he attacked a large party of Zaiyadia Arabs fleeing the Sultan's troops. The attack took place on the Kordofan (Sudanese) side of the border, causing a great deal of anxiety amongst the handful of British administrators who regarded this as a direct challenge to government authority in the region.
The problem was that there was no uniform policy in dealing with the Arab tribes, especially those that routinely crossed the border to seek refuge from the Sultan or the Khartoum government, depending on the circumstances. The generally pro-Arab inspectors were divided on the timing and degree of support to be offered to the Arabs, while the Inspector-General, Rudolf von Slatin Pasha (who knew 'Ali Dinar from their mutual captivity in Omdurman during the days of the Mahdist government) favoured a conciliatory relationship with the Sultan. Before the Mahdist revolution Slatin had been governor of Darfur in the old Turko-Egyptian regime. Under the Condominium government Slatin was given nearly total control over the nomadic tribes and the appointment of their leaders, mostly men known personally by Slatin and regarded by him as loyal to the government.
With the outbreak of a European war in August 1914, the Austrian-born Slatin was expelled from the Sudan as a security risk despite having been a member of the Egyptian Army since 1879. No European had such intimate knowledge of the peoples of Darfur as Slatin. Tribal policy in the western Sudan now passed into the hands of less-experienced British officials. In November 1914 the Ottoman government declared war on the Allied Powers, followed soon after by a declaration of jihad for all Muslims by Ottoman Sultan Muhammad Rashad V in his role as Caliph of Islam. From this point on a religious dimension emerged in the deteriorating relations between 'Ali Dinar and the Khartoum government. Governor-General Wingate (an experienced intelligence hand in the Egyptian Army) began to make funds available to the Kordofan inspectors to mount espionage and other secret operations against Darfur.
The Ottoman Sultan's proclamation of jihad had no impact on the Arabs of Darfur. The bitter legacy of the Turko-Egyptian 19th century occupation of the region meant that the Arabs had no interest in supporting the Ottomans. The survival and growth of the tribe remained paramount, and the key to this was seen to be cooperation with the British.
With the Kababish Arabs raiding the eastern frontier of Darfur in 1915 the Sultan appealed to the Government for arms and ammunition to defend his territory, a natural request to make of the suzerain power. The Kordofan-based Kababish were the largest nomadic tribe in the Sudan. In 1911 they had been bold enough to strike into western Darfur to raid one of the Sultan's own caravans carrying a large shipment of arms. The tribe's loyalty was more important to the Khartoum government than 'Ali Dinar's satisfaction, so the Sultan's request for arms was denied. In the end the British relented to sending 1,000 rounds, a ridiculously small amount. Larger considerations were at play here; 'Ali Dinar had for years battled French encroachment on his western border and had repeatedly requested arms from the government, only to be denied in every case. The British did not wish to create an incident with their wartime French allies by giving a Fur army the means of defeating a French expedition. The British and the French had already been negotiating the limits of the western border of Darfur before the war, but put off a decision until the war was over.
By May 1915 'Ali Dinar was sending threatening letters to the leader of the Kababish Arabs. He accused them of joining the infidels but suggested they follow the path of jihad instead. The Kababish chief, 'Ali al-Tum, immediately dumped the letters on the closest British inspector with a warning that the government should take care of this 'fanatic'. The British inspectors in Kordofan now began to realize the thinness of their rule, and broached the idea of a preemptory invasion of Darfur.
Governor-General Wingate and most of his fellow officers in the Sudan were refused in their applications to transfer to the fighting on the Western Front on the grounds of their experience and irreplaceability in the Sudan. These were all professional soldiers who began to realize that their own efficiency in keeping Sudan quiet during the war was cutting them out of the opportunities for promotion and decorations they could get in Europe. Once planted, the idea of creating a new battleground for the Great War began to take on steam. Rumours of German officers in al-Fashir and diabolical cruelties committed by the Sultan began to circulate. Eventually these rumours and other fantasies were all packed off to London labeled 'Intelligence'.
Normally Arab complaints of the Sultan's hostility were grounded in the Arab tribes' own prevarication in paying the annual tribute. Therefore the Government usually responded with a few words of sympathy and a suggestion to pay the tribute more promptly. In July 1915 the Governor-General instructed his agents to advise Musa Madibbu, chief of the Rizayqat tribe, to avoid paying the tribute, advice sure to result in fighting. It was thought that any government invasion of Darfur would benefit greatly from having the Sultan's army 'embroiled with the Rizayqat'. Wingate, whose experience in intelligence work included what may be called 'dirty tricks', suggested that in his correspondence with the Sultan, Madibbu should name any supporters of 'Ali Dinar in his own tribe as the individuals preventing him from collecting the tribute.
Musa Madibbu was interested in enlisting the aid of the Sudan Government in a growing struggle between his tribe and the Fur Sultan. In 1913 the Rizayqat had narrowly beaten a Fur punitive expedition, but losses were heavy and Madibbu did not believe the Rizayqat could duplicate their win. In September 1915 British Inspector John Bassett offered to loan the Rizayqat arms and ammunition to defend themselves from the Sultan. The total amount came to 300 rifles and 30,000 rounds, enough to turn the Rizayqat into potent challengers to Fur rule. In December a similar loan of 200 rifles and ammunition was made to 'Ali al-Tum and the Kababish. Musa Madibbu had no intention of taking on the Sultan himself, however, and wrote to the Government that 'we are poor Arabs and have no power to resist this man'. By this point both the Arabs and the Government were trying to manipulate each other. The dispute grew as the Sultan sent Musa Madibbu a pair of sandals to run away with, while Musa replied that he would soon be watering his horses at the Sultan's capital of al-Fashir.
The new Government policy was a reversal of its long-standing efforts to disarm the Arab tribes of Kordofan. The region was still awash with 35-year old rifles seized by Mahdist fighters from the ill-fated Hicks Pasha expedition of 1883, but many of these had lost their sights or seen their barrels sawed off to make them easier to carry. Even those still intact commonly used pebbles for ammunition in lead-poor Sudan. The supply of modern weapons and ample ammunition was a dramatic change to the strategic situation in Darfur.
By April 1916 460 Arabs of the Kababish, Kawahla, and other Arab tribes had been deployed in a string of eight posts along the Darfur frontier. All were armed and paid by the Government. The Arabs were ordered to carry out scouting forays into Darfur, but, as one inspector wryly put it, 'their vigorous interpretation of the term reconnaissance' took them some 300 miles right across Darfur. The new British-supplied weapons were used by the Arabs to attack their old rivals in French territory, the Bidayat and the Gura'an. There were suggestions that a Government man be sent to the Arabs to reign in their excesses, but eventually it was decided it was better to look the other way, as a government representative would simply be a witness to 'enormities' that he could do nothing to prevent.
We beg to inform Your Majesty that the Moslems who have abandoned Islam and embraced Christianity have been punished in a miraculous way never heard of on this earth – except during the time of the Prophets… It fell on a tribe called Rizeigat, subjects of ours who had abandoned the light of Islam and followed the advice of the Christians, the dogs – The heaven rained fire on them and they ran to the river and diving therein, turned into black coal – In another place Heaven rained red blood.
'Ali Dinar failed to meet the British at the border with his army, fearing that if he moved his troops up, Musa Madibbu would sweep in behind him and loot al-Fashir (presumably with those Rizayqat who had not been turned into coal). The Sultan now took on a more friendly tone in his communications with the Rizayqat chieftain. The Sultan announced that he was satisfied with Musa, and in a mix of threat and encouragement informed the Arab chief that the Fur army had already met the Anglo-Egyptian invasion force, and that though each of his men was hit at least ten times by the infidels' bullets, there were no injuries.
In May 1916 the Sultan's army was defeated at the battle of Birinjia, followed several months later by the Sultan's own death at the hands of an Anglo-Egyptian mounted infantry task force. While this put an end to Fur resistance the nomads of Darfur were just getting started. By the middle of 1916 the nomadic African Bidayat, Gura'an and Zaghawa tribes were all raiding from French territory into northwest Darfur. 'Ali al-Tum led the Kababish against the Berti in northern Darfur, defeating them and seizing their herds on the pretext that they were 'enemies of the government'. From there they turned to raiding Dar Zaghawa (a territory straddling the Chad/Darfur border). At the same time the Bani Halba of southern Darfur were looting herds without any concern for whether their owners were pro or anti government.
In October a raiding party of 200 Kababish was in the Ennedi region (modern north Chad) seizing women and children. In retaliation the Bidayat and Gura'an raided the Arabs of northern Darfur in November, then turned south to take 3,500 head of cattle and 50 women and children from the Fur. In December, 1916, a column of the Egyptian Army Camel Corps was sent to northwest Darfur to cooperate with French units against the Bidayat and the Gura'an. The provision of arms had unleashed a storm of retaliatory violence that the government had great difficulty reigning in over the next several years.
The Darfur campaign never achieved recognition as part of the Great War. This was a great disappointment to the expedition's British officers, but designation as a part of the World War meant that London would be responsible for the costs of the conquest. Although the invasion was justified as a strike against German and Ottoman forces in Africa, the conflict received the official designation 'Patrol 16 of the Egyptian Army' making it a purely local affair. This revisionist slight of hand allowed the entire bill to be sent to Cairo instead.
In the end, the Arab tribes contributed almost nothing to the conquest of Darfur. The violence of raid and counter-raid swept across northern Darfur long after the campaign of 1916. Even the Great War had come to an end by the time French and British colonial officials cooperated to bring an end to the destruction of life and property. Like the current situation in Darfur the Sudan government had introduced modern arms into the region while aggravating ethnic and territorial conflicts that were usually resolved by traditional methods of conciliation. As the chaos spiraled out of control the colonial government (like today's regime in Khartoum) chose to disclaim any responsibility. Unfortunately the lessons of history have little attraction for today's policy-makers.
. So-called since the entire ruling class of Egypt at the time was composed of Turks, Circassians, and other races of the Ottoman Empire. Turkish rather than Arabic was the language of both the elite and the military.
. I have used the term 'Fur army' in this paper in reference to the Sultans's forces, but the army was in fact composed of many different tribes and ethnic groups. The two senior commanders were both slaves from the southern hinterland, named Sulayman and Ramadan.
McGregor, Andrew: A Military History of Modern Egypt: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War , Praeger Security International (Greenwood Press), Westport Conn, 2006.
Prunier, Gérard: Darfur: The Ambiguous Genocide , Hurst & Co., London, 2005.
Theobald, AB: 'Ali Dinar: Last Sultan of Darfur, 1896-1916 , London, 1965 (out of print).
Von Slatin, Rudolph: Fire and Sword in the Sudan , London, 1896-97 (out of print).
Copyright © 2006 Andrew McGregor.
Andrew McGregor is director of Toronto-based Aberfoyle International Security (AIS) and former senior editor of the Global Terrorism Analysis Program of the Washington DC based Jamestown Foundation. He received a Ph.D. from the University of Toronto’s Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations in 2000 and is a former Research Associate of the Canadian Institute of International Affairs. He is the author of an archaeological history of Darfur published by Cambridge University in 2001. His latest book is A Military History of Modern Egypt, published by Praeger Security International. Dr. McGregor has written over 700 articles on international military and security issues for organizations including Jane’s Intelligence, the Royal Institute of International Affairs and the Canadian Institute of Strategic Studies. He also provides frequent commentary on military and security issues for international newspapers, radio and television, including the New York Times, Financial Times, CNN, Fox News, al-Jazeera, the CBC and the BBC. He can be reached at mcgregor@aberfoylesecurity.com, or visit the AIS website at www.aberfoylesecurity.com.

industry_corpus2: Politics & Administration


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industry_corpus2: Transportation


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