text:
Managing absenteeism: a key to retail success - Workforce Go!
Today’s retail environment is constantly evolving, with advances in technology and changes in consumer preferences and shopping habits changing the way your customers do business. To survive in this competitive market, brick-and-mortar retailers must focus on increasing revenues and maintaining their margins. Mismanaging your workforce can jeopardize these efforts.
Labor is unquestionably one of the largest expenses for retailers. But it can also be your biggest asset for driving revenue and delivering superior customer service. Building and managing an effective workforce can be the difference between a significant cost and a great asset.
Managing unplanned absences is a significant challenge faced by every retailer. Studies show that unplanned absences can have an impact of as much as 7% on your labor budget. Absenteeism costs you in terms of lost sales, poor customer service, critical tasks left undone, and the need to overschedule to make sure your peak times are covered.
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Develop an effective staffing plan.
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Schedule the right number of people at the right times.
Building a staff schedule that aligns with highs and lows of your customer traffic and demand is a difficult and time-consuming task for many retailers. And poor scheduling can cost you in terms of overstaffing, employee turnover, and poor customer service. Workforce management systems help you accurately forecast your labor, and automated scheduling solutions can quickly build schedules that accommodate multiple factors.
Anticipate and plan for absences.
Unplanned absences are sometimes unavoidable. Employees get sick or have some emergency that prevents them from coming to work – and their managers often receive just a few hours’ notice. Labor analytics give you the information you need to detect peak times for absences. And today’s workforce management solutions provide tools that allow employees to quickly and easily swap shifts with coworkers when something prevents them from getting to work – allowing you to receive notice that an employee has swapped shifts with a coworker, rather than discovering that you have to cover a staff shortage.
Satisfied employees are less likely to leave. Some of the keys to an engaged workforce include paying staff accurately and on time, considering employees’ preferred shifts, and publishing schedules as far in advance as possible – all tasks that a workforce solution like Workforce Go! HCM can accommodate.
By some estimates, effective absence management can reduce your labor costs by as much as 2.6%. In today’s competitive retail landscape, that’s a cost saving you can’t afford to ignore – and a workforce management solution can help.
For more insight into how absence management can improve your performance, download our ebook, Absence Management: The Last Easy Money for Retailers. To find out more about Workforce Go! HCM, contact us today at info@myworkforcego.com or 214-800-5575.


text: New - This 72" extension cable is compatible with most vehicles to extend the antenna cable. Antenna Type: Outdoor Antenna. From our expanded online assortment ; extends a car's antenna cable; 72" cable; copper, polypropylene, steel materials.

industry_corpus2: Automobiles


text:
Offering a piece of advice to the World Cup-bound India players living out of their suitcase for months, opener Rohit Sharma and former pace spearhead Zaheer Khan said: ‘listen to your body’.
Ricky Ponting and former India skipper Sourav Ganguly unequivocally backed Rishabh Pant for the number four slot in India’s World Cup line-up and even saw him as one capable of winning the tournament.
The BCCI will donate Rs 20 crore for the welfare of armed forces in the wake of the Pulwama terror attack. BCCI brass plans to invite senior dignitaries from the Indian armed forces on day of IPL opener between CSK and RCB on March 23.
Rajasthan Royals skipper Ajinkya Rahane wants to focus on doing well in the IPL as he feels that it will automatically take him closer to the goal of representing India in the 2019 World Cup.
In a post-match conference, Australia head-coach Justin Langer praised Indian captain Virat Kohli and Co for their amazing fighting spirit. Langer said, the Indian team showed character and great fighting spirit.
Former Indian spinner Harbhajan Singh recently gave a funny reply to Shikhar Dhawan when the opener shared a selfie of himself with few of his teammates and asked his fans to guess the names who are visible in the picture. The duo’s Insta banter was cool for it’s fans who too enjoyed it.
Team India’s star batsman in the 4th ODI against Australia, Shikhar Dhawan, struggled to recollect the Aussie batsman Ashton Turner’s name during his post-match conference and referred him as ‘that guy’.

industry_corpus2: Sports


text:
We bring 18 years of law enforcement and counter-corruption experience to help the C- suite, boards, legal and HR departments reduce business disruption caused by insiders, data breach, cyber-attack and corruption.
Our proven methods have helped government, legal, financial, family offices and consulting firms. The aerospace and maritime sectors to secure their data, protect their reputations and limit financial damages.
Creation and management of Digital Forensics and Internet Investigation Laboratories. Cartel and pricefixing investigations. Digital disclosure and expert witness testimony.
Forensic and e-discovery support for other national regulators.
Roll out of ISO 27001 compliant Information Security Management System (ISMS).
Instigated and supported implementation of Employee Risk / Insider Threat Management Programme.
Digital forensic investigations, e-discovery support and consultancy in the UK and internationally for clients of the firm.
Cyber security & GDPR seminars.
Cyber / Information Security audits.
Cyber Security & GDPR Awareness Training.
Information Security Management System (ISMS) design.
Compliance with GDPR and UK DfT Regulations.
Covert digital forensic & e-Discovery in support of internal / insider investigations.
Review of all CCTV use within a major local authority.
Compliance with Surveillance Camera Codes of Practice.
Cyber / Information Security "Gap Analysis"
Compliance with ISO and US DoD requirements.

industry_corpus2: Law & Justice


text:
Millmark provides information taken from reference sources and the public domain. It provides an opinion on selected health aspects of dietary factors and food supplements, natural remedies, foods, and beverages for the general public. Any information, as generally provided, is made available with the understanding that the author and any associates, are not providing medical, or nutritional counselling services (unless otherwise specified). The information should not be used in place of a consultation with a competent health care professional.
The information on dietary factors and food supplements, natural remedies foods, and beverages contained on this Web site does not cover all possible uses, actions, precautions, side effects, and interactions. In good faith, relevant and updated information is provided on these matters. It is not intended as nutritional or medical advice for individual problems. Liability for individual actions or omissions based upon the contents of this site is expressly disclaimed.

industry_corpus2: Health & Medicine


text:
International Education Week, a joint initiative led by the U.S. Department of State and the U.S. Department of Education, is celebrated across the nation November 12-16. IEW provides an opportunity to celebrate the benefits of international education and acknowledge the importance of having international students and scholars on our campuses.
In 2017, during IEW Florida State University was honored for its comprehensive efforts to internationalize the campus. FSU is one of four institutions to win the 2017 Senator Paul Simon Award for Internationalization, awarded by NAFSA: Association of International Educators. President Thrasher traveled to Washington D.C. to accept the award on behalf of FSU. He also participated in NAFSA's annual presidential panel for Paul Simon award winners where he discussed FSU's accomplishments leading up to this award and its ongoing commitment to internationalization.
This year, FSU has planned a schedule of enriching events to celebrate IEW and explore other cultures and global issues.
This joint initiative of the U.S. Department of State and the U.S. Department of Education promotes programs that prepare Americans for a global environment and attract future leaders from abroad to study, learn, and exchange experiences in the United States. To learn more about this initiative, visit the official U.S. International Education Week website.
The Center for Global Engagement celebrates this annual recognition of international education with a variety of events that typically include film showings, performances, workshops, discussions, and Going Global, a showcase of students’ international experiences around the world.

industry_corpus2: Subject Education


text: A study of properties of curves and surfaces in 3-dimensional Euclidean space. The course is essentially a modern recounting of a seminal paper of Gauss. Prerequisites: Math 233 and Math 309.

industry_corpus2: Math & Statistics


text:
We provide subscriptions and install hardware to receive satellite television channels, Internet TV channels so-called IPTV and a bandwidth solution to view Netflix.
Castor Marine is official reseller of various satellite television subscriptions.
We provide a total solution including the supply and installation of TVRO system, decoders and/or CI modules, TV servers and TVs.
With our Netflix service you solve the problem of required bandwidth to view Netflix. This is done by pre-positioning the content during off-peak hours using techniques that don’t interfere with the content DRM protection. Afterwards, multiple users on the vessel can access the pre-loaded content regardless of the Internet connection speed, without any buffering problems.
If you would like to know more about our television services, please do not hesitate to contact us at +31 (0) 88 646 0100 or by using the contactform.

industry_corpus2: Computing & Telecommunications


text: Join the Niagara Association of Homebrewers for our monthly business meeting. We will discuss club business, learn about and taste a BJCP style, and share homebrew with one another. Feel free to bring homebrew for sharing. As always, please support Crazy Jake’s by buying a beer and if you are hungry, some of their great food.

industry_corpus2: Hospitality & Catering


text:
After railing against non-violent intervention in the face of genocide, Samantha Power rethinks her stand.
Six years ago, Samantha Power burst onto the scene with “A Problem From Hell”, her urgent and impassioned indictment of American inaction in the face of genocide. With the thoroughness and relentlessness of a prosecutor, Power documented how US officials sat idly by as Armenians were slaughtered in Turkey, Cambodians were massacred by the Khmer Rouge, Kurds were gassed by Saddam Hussein and Bosnian Muslims were murdered by Bosnian Serbs. She extolled the work of such courageous crusaders as Raphael Lemkin, a Polish Jewish immigrant who coined the term “genocide” in 1944 and lobbied diligently for the passage of the UN’s Genocide Convention, which was approved by the General Assembly in 1948 and ratified by the United States forty years later. Lamenting the fact that “no U.S. president has ever made genocide prevention a priority,” Power assailed US officials for responding to “unspeakable atrocities” by trusting in negotiation, clinging to diplomatic niceties and shipping injured parties humanitarian aid. The United States, she maintained, should subject perpetrators to a harsher array of measures–threatening them with prosecution, shutting their embassies in Washington, imposing economic sanctions. Genocide poses such a serious threat to American values and interests, Power argued, that the United States should be prepared “to risk the lives of its soldiers” in order to stop it, even if this means acting unilaterally outside the framework of the United Nations.
The winner of the Pulitzer Prize for nonfiction in 2003, “A Problem From Hell” propelled Power from the tilling fields of freelance journalism and adjunct professorship into the empyrean realm of public intellectualdom. She was named to Time magazine’s list of the world’s top 100 scientists and thinkers. She became a columnist for that magazine and a regular contributor to The New Yorker. At Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, where she had already served as the founding executive director of the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, she was named the Anna Lindh Professor of the Practice of Global Leadership. In 2005, after receiving a call from Senator Barack Obama, who had read her book, Power became one of his foreign policy advisers, a position she held until March, when her description of Hillary Clinton as “a monster” set off a political firestorm. Despite that misstep, if Obama is elected President, Power seems likely to join his administration in some senior capacity.
Yet, in the harsh glare of recent events, “A Problem From Hell” seems less persuasive than when it came out. Appearing as the Bush Administration was pressing its case for attacking Iraq, the book, with its advocacy of humanitarian military intervention and its description of Saddam’s regime as genocidal in nature, fed support for the war in some liberal circles. Now, with more than 140,000 US troops bogged down in that country, and with hundreds of thousands of Iraqis dead and millions more displaced in the largest episode of forced migration in the Middle East since the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, the idea of relying on unilateral American military power to achieve humanitarian ends seems largely discredited.
In her new book, Power offers something of a response. Not explicitly. Nowhere in Chasing the Flame does she refer to the position she so ardently set out in “A Problem From Hell”. Yet in her new book she clearly seems to be trying to adapt her global vision to the realities of the post-Iraq world. Her vehicle this time is Sergio Vieira de Mello, a career diplomat for the UN who, until his death in August 2003 in the ghastly suicide attack on the UN headquarters in Baghdad, was a sort of geopolitical Zelig, showing up in war zones around the world on a mission to make peace, build nation-states and repatriate refugees–all part of “the fight to save the world,” as Power puts it in her subtitle.
Power has brought to Chasing the Flame the same prodigious research skills she displayed in her first book. She conducted more than 400 interviews, scanned more than 10,000 pages of cables and memos, and examined Vieira de Mello’s handwritten notes. At 622 pages, Chasing the Flame may be the longest book ever written about a bureaucrat (excepting perhaps Adolf Eichmann). We learn about the type of music Vieira de Mello liked to relax to (Beethoven and other classical composers), the brand of whiskey he preferred (Johnnie Walker Black Label), the cut of clothes he favored (crisply starched button-down shirts, Ferragamo ties). Power lists the various members of his many mission teams and enumerates the seemingly endless procession of women he bedded. (Handsome and vain, Vieira de Mello, though married, was a compulsive womanizer.) For most readers, Chasing the Flame offers far more detail than they will ever want to know about a man who never held a position higher than that of UN High Commissioner for Human Rights.
In the end, however, Power’s meticulousness proves a great asset, for it has led her to document instances of not only triumph but also folly in Vieira de Mello’s career. And while she presents him as embodying the UN system at its best–its dedication to humanitarianism, multilateralism and dialogue–a strong case can be made, based on the evidence she presents, that he represented the UN system at its worst–its timidity, mediocrity and zeal for self-protection. In the course of her book, the gulf between these two Sergios becomes glaring, yet Power never really faces up to it–never fully comes to terms with the man’s many flaws. As a result, Chasing the Flame has a strangely uneven tone–sharply authoritative in some places, oddly reticent in others. This, in turn, seems to reflect Power’s intellectual confusion as she struggles to move beyond the outdated worldview she articulated in her celebrated first book.
As a young man, Sergio Vieira de Mello considered himself a student revolutionary. Born in Rio de Janeiro, he graduated from a Franco-Brazilian high school and then briefly attended the University of Rio before moving to Europe to study philosophy, first at the University of Fribourg and then at the Sorbonne. Vieira de Mello was in Paris in May 1968 when the giant street protests broke out. Joining in, he was arrested, receiving in the process a gash above his right eye so severe that it would require corrective surgery thirty-five years later. This episode, however, would prove “the apex of his antiestablishment activism,” as Power puts it. Unable to find a teaching job, Vieira de Mello landed a position with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). In 1971, at age 23, he was sent into the field for the first time, to Dhaka, Bangladesh, to help Bengalis displaced from Pakistan. Feeding and sheltering refugees, Vieira de Mello realized that he was meant to be a man of action, and his career path was set.
These displays of “youthful absolutism,” as Power calls them, would soon give way to the “pragmatism” for which Vieira de Mello “would later be known.” It is this quality of Vieira de Mello’s–his canny ability to size up the actual state of affairs and fashion solutions acceptable to all parties–that Power most admires in him. In practice, however, this trait often seems a cover for expedience and capitulation. An early example occurs in the late 1980s, when Vieira de Mello was assigned to help resolve the crisis of the Vietnamese “boat people.” More than a decade after the end of the Vietnam War, Vietnamese were still abandoning their country in droves and washing up on the shores of Malaysia, Hong Kong, Indonesia and Thailand. Most were fleeing not political persecution but economic hardship. With the host countries and Western governments eager to stanch the flow, UNHCR set out to develop a plan that would facilitate the orderly return of the refugees to Vietnam while providing for case-by-case screening so that those facing a genuine threat of persecution could be identified and allowed to seek asylum. For thirteen months Vieira de Mello shuttled among key Western and East Asian capitals, working to hammer out a consensus. The result was a comprehensive resettlement plan that, at the insistence of the host governments, allowed for the use of coercion in forcing the refugees to return. This drew sharp protests from human rights advocates, including at UNHCR, where voluntariness was a core principle. Vieira de Mello, however, dismissed such concerns as foolhardy. When the plan was finally carried out, many refugees were indeed roughly handled, with guards in Hong Kong going so far as to inject them with sedatives to get them onto the transport planes.
In the end, the plan did work–some 70,000 migrants were sent back to Vietnam, and the flow out of that country slowed to a trickle–but only at a heavy cost to the rights of the migrants. Power acknowledges this. While Vieira de Mello may have been correct in believing that he had extracted the most humane possible outcome from the governments involved, she writes, “he could have gone to greater lengths to use his pulpit at UNHCR to try to ensure that the Vietnamese were more fairly screened in the camps and were better treated en route back to Vietnam.” For a person “who recited UN ideals with near-romantic reverence,” she observes, “Vieira de Mello had proven himself remarkably willing to compromise those principles.” This hardly seems the stuff of an internationalist role model.
Those principles would receive a further test in Cambodia. Vieira de Mello was sent there in 1991 as part of the large UN peacekeeping mission set up after Cambodia’s four factions signed the Paris peace agreement in October 1991. The mission was designed to help the country move from dictatorship to democracy, with elections scheduled for the spring of 1993. To help prepare for the vote, 360,000 Cambodian refugees who had been marooned on the Thai border were to be repatriated. Vieira de Mello was assigned to oversee the operation. The most pressing question he faced was how to deal with the Khmer Rouge. Many of the refugees had fled the group and would have to return to territory still under its control. Soon after arriving in Phnom Penh, Vieira de Mello visited a former Khmer Rouge torture center in which 20,000 people had been killed, and he was revolted by the photos of the victims he saw. Nonetheless, he was convinced that, in order to achieve both the repatriation of the refugees and the broader goal of peace and reconciliation in Cambodia, gaining the cooperation of the Khmer Rouge was essential, and he set out to win it. Few outsiders had dared to venture into Khmer territory, but Vieira de Mello intrepidly undertook the journey, at one point having to get out of his vehicle and wade across a river. On his arrival, he was cordially received by Khmer leaders. On a subsequent visit, he was treated to a sumptuous lunch by Ieng Sary, the group’s best-known leader after Pol Pot. Over French wines and filet mignon, Vieira de Mello–studiously avoiding any mention of the Communists’ past crimes–sought to convince him that his group could remain a significant player in Cambodia if it cooperated with the UN. Ieng Sary came to feel such regard for Vieira de Mello that he sent him a New Year’s card.
Such chumminess appalled many of Vieira de Mello’s colleagues. By lunching with these butchers, they felt, Vieira de Mello was helping to legitimate them. Dennis McNamara, one of Vieira de Mello’s closest colleagues at UNHCR, heatedly told him that it would be madness to let civilians return to land controlled by mass murderers. The British journalist William Shawcross teased him that his eventual autobiography should be titled My Friends, the War Criminals. In the end, however, the repatriation effort went off smoothly, with 362,209 refugees returning to Cambodia; only one death was recorded, and that in a bus accident. That achievement greatly enhanced Vieira de Mello’s reputation in the international community. This raises some obvious questions: Was Vieira de Mello’s decision to deal with the Khmer Rouge justified? Did the devil’s bargain he struck pay off? Power never says. Despite devoting sixty highly detailed pages to Vieira de Mello’s Cambodian sojourn, she refrains from offering any overall assessment of his actions.
She is less equivocal in describing Vieira de Mello’s next posting, to Bosnia. When he arrived in Sarajevo in 1993, the city was under siege from Serb snipers and shells. Eager to persuade the Serbs to let relief supplies through, Vieira de Mello set out to engage Serb leaders, especially Radovan Karadzic, an architect of the ethnic cleansing of Bosnian Muslims. Before the war, Vieira de Mello knew, Karadzic had worked as a psychiatrist. Before one of their meetings, Vieira de Mello picked up a copy of The New York Review of Books that had a long article in it about psychiatry; at the meeting, he presented it to Karadzic as a gift. In their discussions, Karadzic would go on endlessly about Serb grievances dating back to the fourteenth century. With his friends, Vieira de Mello vented his irritation, but with the man himself he remained studiously silent lest he lose his confidence.
during a bloody and morally fraught conflict in which the Serb side committed the bulk of the atrocities, his popularity with wrongdoers stemmed in part from his moral relativism. Even though he was unfailingly kind to Bosnian individuals, he had lost sight of the big picture. He seemed more interested in being liked and in maintaining access than in standing up for those who were suffering.
In light of Vieira de Mello’s coziness with the Serbs, some of his UN colleagues came up with a nickname for him: Serbio.
Power’s chapter on Vieira de Mello’s time in Bosnia (which is based on her eyewitness research) is devastating, and after reading it I fully expected her to draw the obvious conclusion–that his vaunted pragmatism too often degenerated into simple amorality. But this she refuses to do. Clinging to her image of him as an exemplar of diplomacy and multilateralism, she instead chooses to stress how much he learned from his and the UN’s mistakes in Bosnia. Upon hearing of the slaughter at Srebrenica, she notes, Vieira de Mello expressed shock and–finally seeing the light–embraced NATO intervention (outside the UN structure) as the only way out of the morass.
A new, more principled Sergio seems about to emerge. Yet when faced with his next great crisis–the flood of refugees from Rwanda after the genocide–the old Sergio quickly returns. His main stage this time was Tanzania, where more than half a million Rwandans had fled. After more than two years of accommodating them and putting up with the violence, theft and deforestation associated with their presence, the Tanzanian government announced its intention of closing the camps and sending the Rwandans home. Vieira de Mello, as UNHCR’s representative, was sent to Dar-es-Salaam to negotiate a plan with the government. Some within UNHCR expressed fears that, with many Rwandans reluctant to return home, the Tanzanians would resort to force in expelling them. UNHCR had some leverage, for the Tanzanians wanted the agency to fund the operation. In his discussions with the Tanzanians, Vieira de Mello initially asked for assurances that coercion would not be used, but when the Tanzanians rejected this and asserted their right to send security forces into the camps, he quickly gave in. The refugees, he was convinced, would not budge without being subjected to some degree of coercion, and in any case it seemed clear that the Tanzanians were determined to move ahead with or without UNHCR’s approval. Nonetheless, his deputy Martin Griffiths, who was present at the meeting, was shocked at how quickly Vieira de Mello acceded to the Tanzanians’ terms.
This seems an utterly damning assessment. Yet once again, Power seeks to soften it. To nonexperts, she writes, “humanitarian action and human rights sounded like synonyms or, at the very least, complements.” But in the real world, she goes on, Vieira de Mello knew that “feeding people was often incompatible with speaking out.” This seems very odd, coming as it does from the author of “A Problem From Hell”, where speaking out and alerting the world to mass criminal behavior was defined as the very essence of humanitarianism. Taking such a position here, however, would force Power to acknowledge more fully her protagonist’s less heroic side, and this she seems reluctant to do.
the uncompromising righteousness that he had not displayed since his days in Lebanon. If he had once believed that his job was to carry out the aggregate will of powerful governments, he now acted as though he believed that promoting UN principles and protecting the UN flag entailed standing firmly for the advancement of human dignity, even if that required acting in defiance of those governments.
After leaving Kosovo, Vieira de Mello, at a press conference in Montenegro, presented his findings of Serb abuses; later, appearing before the UN Security Council, he described the destruction caused by NATO’s bombs. Through these dual performances, he showed that meeting the UN’s humanitarian responsibilities often required not cultivating the powerful but standing up to them.
After serving for two and a half years as the chief administrator of the newly independent East Timor, Vieira de Mello was named the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights in September 2002. This displeased many human rights advocates, for in their view he had shown little concern for this issue throughout his career. They further worried that his personal ambitions–he was widely believed to want Kofi Annan’s job–would make him reluctant to alienate governments. In any case, his time in that position would soon be overtaken by Iraq. The war there would present Vieira de Mello with his greatest test. Which Sergio would it be: the pliable pragmatist or the uncompromising humanitarian?
The answer was not long in coming. In principle, Vieira de Mello was not opposed to the war. Saddam Hussein’s regime had spilled so much blood that he would have been happy to see it ousted. But he doubted that George Bush and his advisers had much genuine regard for the Iraqi people, and he was further put off by the Administration’s flouting of the Security Council, so he opposed the invasion. In typical fashion, however, he refused to say so publicly. When Ruud Lubbers, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, asked him to join in rallying the heads of UN agencies to oppose the war, he declined. In early March 2003, he was invited to meet with Bush at the White House. The meeting was arranged by a former colleague of Vieira de Mello’s who was now working for the National Security Council and who wanted the President to see “the most appealing face of the United Nations.” During the meeting, Vieira de Mello criticized US policies in Guantánamo, but he was so charming that Bush “took a visible liking to him,” and the meeting went on for twice as long as had been scheduled. At the UN, many felt Vieira de Mello was angling for a job in Iraq after the war. Vieira de Mello laughed off such suggestions, but when Annan–seeking to ingratiate himself with the Americans–decided to re-establish a UN presence in Iraq soon after the invasion, he named Vieira de Mello to head it. “America’s pick” is how many UN staffers saw it.
Aware of the toll the US occupation was taking on Iraqi morale, Vieira de Mello sought to serve as an intermediary between Bremer and Iraqi leaders. Some of his staff, however, felt he was getting too close to the Americans. “Sergio,” a political aide told him, “don’t you see, you’re not changing the Americans. You are helping the Americans.” When Bremer moved to set up an Iraqi Governing Council, Vieira de Mello, eager to contribute, provided the names of potential members, several of whom were selected. Once the council was constituted, however, Bremer–no longer needing Vieira de Mello’s services–cut him off. The council was dismissed by most Iraqis as a fig leaf for the Americans. Feeling invested in it, however, Vieira de Mello set off on a whirlwind tour of the Middle East to sell it.
During this period, the number of Iraqis killed by US forces steadily rose, and the rage of the Iraqi people mounted along with it. As the UN’s top official in Iraq, Vieira de Mello was in a good position to publicize such incidents and demand that they be investigated. But–intent on staying on good terms with the Americans–he refrained from doing so. When an attack led by the US-led coalition in the Sunni Triangle left an 8-year-old boy and his mother dead, Marwan Ali, a Palestinian political officer with the mission, pressed Vieira de Mello to issue a statement of protest. On August 18, 2003, Vieira de Mello gave his consent. The statement would be the first-ever public UN condemnation of a coalition human rights violation.
Why had Annan so eagerly accepted the Security Council’s summons to go to Iraq? Why did he send his finest staff to enforce an almost nonexistent mandate? Why, after the attack, had he chosen to keep UN staff in harm’s way, even though they were not performing vital tasks? What would it take for the UN secretary-general, in fact, to learn to say no to powerful countries?
This last question, it seems to me, goes to the heart of Chasing the Flame. Of the UN’s many faults, some seem an inevitable byproduct of the way the organization is structured. As a child of its member states, the UN cannot help but reflect their narrow self-interests as well as the divisions among them. It’s further to be expected that those states with the most power and resources will have a disproportionate say in its affairs. At the same time, the UN as an institution has its own set of ideals–consultation, coexistence, human rights–that are supposed to guide it apart from the desires of its member states. The UN’s behavior in the lead-up to the Iraq War provided a stirring example of this. The debate in the Security Council over whether to authorize the use of force against Iraq, together with the impressive performance of the UN weapons inspectors, showed that the UN can stick to its principles even in the face of extreme pressure from its most powerful member.
Similarly, Vieira de Mello seemed at his best when, as in Kosovo, he stood up for those principles in the face of strong pressures to do otherwise. Unfortunately, such occurrences were rare in his career. Far more frequently, he sought to court the powerful. Drinking beer with Ieng Sary, presenting Radovan Karadzic with a copy of The New York Review of Books, cultivating Paul Bremer and the CPA, this onetime student revolutionary seemed to become over the course of his career a serial appeaser, passing up one opportunity after another to expose, protest and condemn the crimes being perpetrated around him.
Unfortunately, these lessons seem banal. Missing from Power’s list are what seem to be the true lessons of Vieira de Mello’s life: abuses must be denounced, mass murderers must be confronted, perpetrators must be held accountable. Needless to say, one must find practical ways of applying these principles; in the end, though, it’s the principles that must lead the way. It was ideals such as these that drove Raphael Lemkin and the other crusaders of Power’s first book. Of them she wrote: “They saw something that haunted them, that turned the daily press accounts [of atrocities] into vibrant cries from the grave, cries that broke through the cordon sanitaire that deflects unwelcome news.” These “screamers,” as she called them, “treated silence as if it were a further crime against humanity.” For most of his career, Vieira de Mello remained silent.
One of the most revealing moments in Chasing the Flame comes in the introduction, where Power describes that initial meeting with Vieira de Mello at the restaurant in Zagreb. Toward the end of the meal, Vieira de Mello reaches into the breast pocket of his elegantly tailored blazer and pulls out a battered piece of paper. It contains the section of the Security Council resolution on the Balkans that set up the six “safe areas” in the region, the only formal instructions that Vieira de Mello and his fellow peacekeepers ever received. Vieira de Mello directs Power’s attention to a set of commas in the text. “Look at this,” he says heatedly. “The resolution says we should ‘comma–acting in self-defense–comma–take the necessary measures–comma–including the use of force’ to respond to attacks against civilians!” The vagueness of this infuriated him: “What are the commas supposed to mean? Does it mean the UN should only use force in self-defense? Or does it mean we should use force in self-defense and also to protect the Bosnians?” To devote so much energy and attention to a few ambiguous marks of punctuation while defenseless civilians were being slaughtered all around him seems the height of bureaucratic futility.
The great question Chasing the Flame left me with is, Why? Why has Power so fervently embraced a man who seems to represent everything she so decisively rejected in her first book? Reading this one, I got the sense that Power, having set out to write a hero’s life, became so heavily invested in such a narrative that she was unable to change course even when her reporting strongly suggested otherwise. But clearly something deeper is going on here, having to do with Power’s own intellectual journey. In her first book, she was so taken with the idea of America as the guardian of moral behavior in the world that she failed to take adequate account of America’s long history of misbehavior. Now, looking to the UN as the great protector, she has failed to appreciate its long record of passivity and complicity in the face of atrocity. Perhaps in her next book she’ll arrive at a more satisfying synthesis.
To do that, however, she’ll have to resolve the competing forces tugging at her professional life. Just as Vieira de Mello made the journey from student revolutionary to senior diplomat, so has Samantha Power gone from being an independent critic working outside the system to being a high-profile figure operating within it. Her book’s odd shifts in tone and frustrating gaps in analysis reflect, I think, the ambivalence she feels about making that transition. In grappling with the many compromises Vieira de Mello made in the course of his career, Power may be unconsciously wrestling with the accommodations she’s been forced to make as she’s traveled the perilous path from obscurity to celebrity, from being an outside analyst assessing those in power to being one of the powerful herself.

industry_corpus2: Politics & Administration


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industry_corpus2: Others


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Investing in a franchise can be one of the easiest and most profitable ways for entrepreneurs to run their own successful business. If you’re thinking about investing in a franchise, take a look at this list of 25 of the most profitable franchises operating in America today.
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Without a doubt one of the most profitable franchises is Jersey Mike’s Subs, with the business named the USA’s fastest-growing franchise in 2016, with the number of franchises having doubled in a decade.
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The popular doughnut corporation Krispy Kreme has been franchising since 1947 and with a lower initial franchise fee of around $275k, makes a good franchise investment opportunity.
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The fire-fighter-themed restaurant Firehouse Subs is one of the most profitable franchises with over 1000 stores in the United States combining for sales of over $715m during 2017.
The 24-hour gym business model has never been more popular and Anytime Fitness franchises have expanded to nearly 4,000 gyms worldwide with most of those in the United States.
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Such a recognisable name as Taco Bell means there is a pretty high initial investment fee of close to $2m to open one of these Tex-Mex franchises, whose near 6,000 franchises had a combined revenue of $1.9b in 2017.
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Investing in a Hardee’s fast food restaurant is expensive at around $1.5m, but it remains an attractive proposition as the combined franchises are estimated to earn a revenue of $44.7m per year.
The hairdressing franchise Sports Clips is profitable because it keeps its core values simple. Their quick and cheap haircuts for men business model has seen Sport Clips grow to over 1,700 franchises since 1995.
RE/MAX is a real estate franchise which has well over 7,000 franchises worldwide with over half of those in the United States. Franchisers enjoy freedom and generous commissions, plus the initial investment is relatively small at just $38k.
The world ‘s largest retailer-owned hardware cooperative franchise is America’s Ace Hardware Corporation, whose fourth quarter revenues in 2017 reached $1.32b, an increase of $84m from the fourth quarter of 2016.
It is clear to see why UPS Store franchises are popular with over 5,000 independently-owned locations opening up in North America since UPS re-branded Mail Box Etc in 2003.
An initial investment into a Jimmy John’s Gourmet Sandwiches franchise – one of the fastest growing franchises in the United States – averages around $444k but the profits of this popular sandwich brand can be extremely lucrative.
With close to 5,000 franchises in the United States and another few thousand in other countries, Dairy Queen is one of the most profitable franchises in America. One franchise can be opened for an initial investment of around $360k.
America’s premium doughnut store Dunkin’ Donuts saw an increase in revenue by 5.3% year-on-year to $227.1m for the fourth quarter of 2017, making it a good time to invest in a Dunkin’ Donut store.
One of the USA’s most profitable convenience store franchises 7-Eleven, has over 8,000 stores around the country and about five times that number worldwide, and remains an elite franchise model thanks to many customer satisfaction-inspired innovations.
One of the leading franchises in America has well over 30,000 restaurants worldwide with over 14,000 of those in the United States alone. McDonald’s total annual revenue hasn’t fallen below $20b since 2005, peaking at over $28b in 2013 and still bringing in nearly $23b last year, meaning it’s safe to say, investing in a McDonald’s franchise would be profitable.
Interesting. I guess it goes with the culture. You cannot imagine some of these brands succeeding in other countries.
…uh what difference does that make?
Gabrielle: Thanks for compiling this list. I recognize several companies, but I also see several franchises that I haven’t heard about.


text: Used 2015 Mercedes-Benz G 63 AMG for sale in Dubai. Al Qalam Motors is selling this G 63 AMG with financing options. It has automatic transmission, 8 cylinder engine, 20″ wheels and white interior. The car is GCC specification.


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industry_corpus2: Power & Energy


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industry_corpus2: Biopharmaceuticals


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This Magnuson Hotels affiliate is located near Dinosaur Valley State Park, Glen Rose Tiger Stadium, Somervell County Expo and Texas Amphitheater, Squaw Creek Reservoir, Cleburne State Park, Lake Granbury, 281 Speedway and the Billy the Kid Museum.
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text: 1 ◆qQDmM1OH5Q46 sage New! 2017/04/01(土)20:43:17 ID:???


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NOTE: This is a slightly revised introduction from that in the original work published in 1982. For a more complete history of land records, see Donna Munger's Pennsylvania Land Records for its excellent summary of the institutional and administrative history of the Land Office and references to the original documents. In the near future, I hope to expand on this web site article to incorporate full-text of laws, court cases, and treatise materials.
The history of land titles in western Pennsylvania is an important aspect of the social and legal history of the people of this region. An understanding of the WARRANTEE ATLAS can only be gained by knowing some of the history of land laws1 and titles upon which the atlas is based. Older publications such as Daniel Agnew, Thomas Sergeant & Charles Smith have long been out-of-print (see bibliography), and therefore this introduction will summarize the history of land titles as provided in these works, but they should be consulted for a more in-depth view on the subject. For a current review, see the excellent work by Donna Munger (see bibliography). Citations to court reports within the article can be found in the nominative reports that cover the Pennsylvania Supreme Court from 1754 to 1845.
The lands of western Pennsylvania during the early and mid-eighteenth century, were inhabited chiefly by the Indian Tribes of the Six Nations. The Indian-settler disputes occurred throughout the second half of the century, as the Indians were drawn first into the Seven Years War and later into the Revolutionary War. War continued in the 1780s and 1790s until Gen. Anthony Wayne defeated the Indians at Fallen Timbers in August of 1794. A Treaty of Peace was concluded on 3 August 1795 that was ratified by the United States Senate on 22 December 1795. This treaty and its ratification date became important in the legal controversies over land disputes that are discussed further in this sketch.
"Beginning on the south side of the river Ohio, where the western boundary of the State of Pennsylvania crosses the said river, near Shingo's Old Town, at the mouth of Beaver Creek, and thence by a due north line to the end of the forty-second and beginning of the forty- third degrees of north latitude; thence by a due east line, separating the forty-second and forty-third degrees of north latitude, to the east side of the East Branch of the river Susquehanna; thence by the bounds of the late purchase made at Fort Stanwix, the 5th day of November, Anno Domini 1768, as follows: 'Down the East Branch of the Susquehanna, on the east side thereof, till it comes opposite the mouth of a creek, called by the Indians Awandac, and across the river, and up the said creek, on the south side thereof, along the range of hills, called Burnett's Hills by the English, and by the Indians ________; on the north side of them, to the head of a creek, which runs into the West Branch of the Susquehanna, which creek is by the Indians called Tyadaghton, but by Pennsylvanians Pine Creek, and down said creek, on the south side thereof, to the said West Branch of the Susquehanna; then crossing the said river, and running up the same, on the south side thereof, the several courses thereof to the fork of the same river which lies nearest to a place on the river Ohio (Allegheny), called Kittanning, and from the fork by a straight line to Kittanning aforesaid; and then down said river by the several courses thereof, to where the western boundary of the said State of Pennsylvania crosses the same river, at the place of beginning.'"
The Depreciation Lands were set aside for the redemption of certificates of depreciation given to the officers and soldiers of the Pennsylvania Line in lieu of money payments which according to the Act of 18 December 1780 (1 Sm.L. 522) should be equal to gold and silver in payment for unlocated lands. The Act of 3 April 1781 (1 Sm.L. 519) set up scales of depreciation for the years 1777-1781 as compared with silver and gold; in July 1777 the scale was 3:1; in 1778 it was 6:1; in 1779 it was 41½:l; in 1780 it was 75:1; in 1781 it was 75:1. The Supreme Executive Council, later in April 1781, appointed ten commissioners, with either James Stevenson or John Nicholson being present, for the payment of one-third of the depreciation certificates and for granting new ones.
District No. 1, to Alexander McClean, lay closest to the Ohio boundary. District No. 2, to Daniel Leet with Nathaniel Breading. District No. 3, was divided among Nathaniel Breading, Win. Alexander, Samuel Nicholson, Ephriam Douglass and Samuel Jones. District No. 4, to Col. James Cunningham. District No. 5, to Col. Joshua Elder and John Morris.
By 29 August 1785 the Surveyor General reported to the Supreme Executive Council that almost 140 land surveys of appropriated land had been received by his office. In September 1785 the Council first ordered 100 lots sold in District No. 2, and two months later, ordered the sale of another 43 lots. The land sold amounted to 38,202 acres for the sum of £13,985, 14 shillings or an average of a little over 8 shillings and 5 pence per acre.
In December, District 3 lands, totaling 31,883 acres were sold for £4,402, 17 shillings, 3 pence averaging 2 shillings, 6½ pence per acre. Another sale of 27 lots was sold in Leet's District in March 1787 averaging only £5, 8 shillings, 4 pence per 100 acres. No other sales occurred until after the Act of 3 April 1792 when the Depreciation Lands were taken up by warrant and survey. Although lands were later sold, Daniel Agnew questions on what grounds the officers of the Land Office considered the office open for sale and settlement. It was not until the Act of 22 March 1813 (6 Sm.L. 54) that these titles came under the express legislation. Agnew believes that the surveys of the Depreciation Lands were well made and they were partly adapted in locations made under the Act of 3 April 1792.
Partial adoption of the lines of the Depreciation surveys was decided in McRhea v. Plummer, 1 Binn. 227 (1807), while the effect of the Depreciation District lines was discussed by Justice Huston in Evans vs Beatty, 1 Penrose & Watts 489 (1829).
"Beginning at the mouth of the Mogulbughtition (Mahoning) Creek; thence up the Allegheny River to the mouth of the Cagnawaga (Conewage) Creek; thence due north to the northern boundary of the state; thence west by said boundary to the northwest corner of the state; thence south by the western boundary of the state to the northwest corner of lands appropriated by this act for discharging the certificates of depreciation given to the soldiers under the Act of 18 December 1780; thence by same line east to the place of beginning; which said tract of country shall be reserved and set apart for the only and sole use of fulfilling and carrying into execution the said resolve.
By the Act of 24 March 1785 (2 Sm.L. 290) the distribution of Donation Lands were of four classes of 500, 300, 250 and 200 acres. Officers and enlisted men were assigned within a class and then (by section 13) each person was permitted to draw from a lottery between 200 and 2000 acres in lots depending upon one's rank.
Deputy surveyors were required to take an oath not to select the best lands or to favor some classes to the detriment of others. The surveyors, however, failed to carry out instructions in performing these surveys. According to Agnew, the east to west lines were not adequately drawn so that those corners of the tracts were not opposite to each other thereby forming irregular figures rather than rectangular parallelograms. The surveyor was also required to mark the northwest corner with the number of the lot. This "numbered corner" or "earmark" controlled all other matters of description and was given in the patent. The "numbered corner" was later described by Chief Justice Gibson as having "acquired much of the inviolability of a mile of property, Smith v. Moore, 5 Rawle 348, at 353 (1835)."
Five weeks after the passage of the act, the Comptroller-General on 3 May 1785 issued a list of people entitled to Donation Lands. The Council then instructed the Surveyor General to appoint deputy surveyors of whom thirteen (13) were appointed. The Lands were divided into ten (10) districts with the surveys generally completed in 1786. By the Act of 12 March 1783, officers and soldiers were supposed to make their claims within two years after peace was concluded, and if they should die, then their heirs or executors had to make their application within one year. However, many failed to follow the act and a succeeding Act of 6 April 1792. (2 Sm.L. 296) authorized the drawing of lots for those who had not yet received Donation Lands. Patents not issued within two years would be disposed of by the State according to the general Act for Sale of Vacant Lands (passed three days earlier on 3 April 1792).
A later Act of 5 April 1793 (3 Sm.L. 110) repealed the two-year limitation and gave an indefinite time limit for the drawing of Donation Lands. A 1795 act (3 Sm.L. 233) again provided for the lottery drawing of lands and was extended in 1801. By the Act of 2 April 1802 (3 Sm.L. 505) the legislature again recognized that people still had not yet obtained their lands, that other lots had not been numbered or returned, or that lots had been otherwise appropriated. The land officers had to determine the various categories of lots, ticket them, and prepare lottery applications for drawing. The Surveyor General had to match the number of lots to actual surveys, have returns made, and divide larger lots into smaller ones in order to carry out the intent of the Act. The Board of Property was to serve as arbitrator in all disputes over lands. This Act was extended by three succeeding acts to 1810. No more applications were made at the Land Office until the Act of 26 March 1813 (5 Sm.L. 223) which opened up the Donation Lands left undrawn on 1 October 1813 to improvement and actual settlement and confirmed titles by actual settlement previously made.. The 1813 Act differed noticeably from the General Land Act of 3 April 1792 (see below), since settlers had to reside with their families for three (3) successive years immediately preceding the passage of the Act and had to clear, fence, and cultivate at least ten acres. Any person after 1 October 1813, who fulfilled the same conditions, made proof of his settlement before a judge or justice, and paid the State $1.50 per acre with three years interest, was entitled to a patent.
The Act of 12 March 1783 (2 Sm.L. 63) that set up both the Depreciation and Donation Lands also provided for two (2) Reserve Tracts of 3000 acres to be set aside for the use of the State. One tract was on the north side of the Allegheny River opposite Fort Pitt (Pittsburgh); while the second tract was at the mouth of the Beaver River; the former encompassing, part of Allegheny City (later taken into the City of Pittsburgh) and the latter part of the present City of Beaver (in Beaver County).
These lands were surveyed into in-lots and out-lots in each tract, for sale by the state, save those areas put aside for a court house, market house, church, cemetery, and common pasture land to be used for public use. Later by the law of 13 April 1840 (P.L. 303) the right of the Commonwealth to grant land for public use was transferred from the State to the Select & Common Councils of Allegheny City.
The Beaver Reservation was probably surveyed in April or May of 1785. By the Act of 28 September 1791 (3 Sm.L. 56) the Governor received permission to lay out a town and out-lots. The Surveyor General was authorized to survey 200 acres of land into town-lots and 1000 acres into out-lots of not less than five and not more than ten acres in size. In November 1792, Daniel Leet, in the absence of commissioners, surveyed the land. The survey had to be separately approved by the Legislature in 1793 (3 Sm.L. 90). The Governor thereafter reserved land for public use, followed by setting off of lands for use of an educational institution. From 1800 to 1840 a series of Acts were passed selling lands in the Tract area of in-lots and out-lots and for designating certain areas for public uses, e.g. churches &c.
The establishment of the northern boundary of the State between New York and Pennsylvania was settled by 1789 (2 Sm.L. 510) except for the area now called the Erie Triangle. By the earlier compact, Pennsylvania was left with no access to Lake Erie. Pennsylvania therefore wished to purchase the territory lying between the western boundary of New York and Lake Erie, triangular in shape, and embracing the harbor at Erie. Congress approved the sale of the land on 4 September 1788 (II Pa. Archives 387-8) followed by the Assembly's confirmation on 13 September 1788 (II Pa. Archives 395-6). This was followed by a meeting between Pennsylvania representatives and Indian chiefs on 9 January 1789 to purchase the Indian's title and rights to the land in a treaty called "Agreement between the Six Nations and Commissioners for Lands on Lake Erie.
"no warrant or survey...shall vest any title in or to the lands therein mentioned unless the grantee has, prior to the date of such warrant, made, or caused to be made, or shall, within the space of two years next after the date of same, make or cause to be made, an actual settlement thereon, by clearing, fencing, and cultivating, at least two acres for every 100 acres contained in one survey, erecting thereon a messuage for the habitation of man, and residing, or causing a family to reside thereon, for the space of five years next following his first settling of the same, if he or she shall so long live."
Since there were two methods of acquiring land, either by purchase or by settlement, it was only natural that those who were in Philadelphia near the Land Office took the first approach. Besides individual purchasers, the two largest purchasers of land were the Holland Land Company and the Pennsylvania Population Company. The former had invested monies in the colonies during the American Revolution and had purchased lands in Pennsylvania after the 1784 Indian treaty. The company's agents now invested $222,071 and purchased 499,660 acres of land; while the Pennsylvania Population Company's agents purchased a lesser amount of land in the western territory and in the Erie Triangle. Although the sale of these lands occurred, the actual settlement did not occur since the Indian war was still going on. The war itself did not end until the winter of 1795 and settlers first came into the area in large numbers in the spring of 1796.
"Provided always nevertheless, That if any such actual settler, or any grantee in any such original or succeeding warrant, shall, by force of arms of the enemies of the United States, be prevented from making such actual settlement, or be driven therefrom, and shall persist in his endeavors to make such actual settlement as aforesaid, then, in either case, he and his heirs shall be entitled to have and to hold the said lands, in the same manner as if the actual settlement had been made and continued."
The warrantees, those who held warrants, felt that proviso should dispense with the settlement requirement altogether, while settlers asserted that failure to settle the land nullified the warrants. Agnew claims that the legal profession felt that neither the warrants were void nor condition of settlement gone, but only suspended until the war~ was over and that the two-year requirement covered until December of 1797.
During the administration of Governor Mifflin, the Board of Property adopted the interpretation that the proviso dispensed with the requirement of settlement. The Holland Land Company's warrantee~ therefore were issued their patents (called "prevention certificates" because the company had been prevented by the enemies of the country from developing their tracts). Upon the election of Governor McKean, however, in 1800, the Board of Governors adopted the settlers' view of the proviso, i.e. that it merely postponed the settlement requirement. The Holland Land Company opposed the board's position and sued the chairman, Commonwealth v. Coxe, 4 Dall. 170 (1800) to show cause why the remaining grants should not be granted.
Chief Justice Shippen took the side of the warrantees, but Justice Yeates, with Justice Smith concurring, found that since the settlement requirement had not been met, the Company was not entitled to its patents, and discharged the petition.
Because the state courts continued to grant lands to the warrantees as a result of a variety of circumstances that hurt the defendants' cases, the State Legislature continued its support of the settlers and farmers. In an Act of 2 April 1802, the legislature directed the Supreme Court to meet and devise a form of action for trying and determining land title cases. The trial occurred at Sunbury on 25 November 1802 in the case of Attorney General v. Grantees Under the Act of 3 Feb. 1792, 4 Dall. 237 (1802). Neither the Holland Land Company nor Chief Justice Shippen participated in the trial and Judge Yeates gave a jury charge similar to his earlier opinion delivered in the Coxe case, i.e. the proviso merely postponed the requirement of settlement. The jury found for the Attorney-General but the dispute was not ended.
1) Does the proviso excuse a warrantee from performing as required by the settlement condition?
2) If there were prevention, but the warrantee persisted in his efforts, what title did he receive?
3) Was the Commonwealth the only party that might take advantage of noncompliance with the settlement requirement?
The Supreme Court, through Chief Justice John Marshall in discussing the ambiguity of Section 9, found for the warrantees. The proviso had to be applied to each case individually depending on whether the person was a warrantee or settler. The proviso did not require residence as a condition of a person's taking title. Marshall also interpreted the Act to be a contract between the State and individuals and therefore governed by the law of contracts that would reject the State's position. This part of the decision precedes a further discussion in Fletcher v. Peck, 10 U. S. 87 (1810).
Furthermore it appears, as the two latest historians of the Marshall Court have viewed the case that Pennsylvania's overreaching of the sanctity of private property led to this decision; yet it is unclear why the Supreme Court did not follow the precedents of the State Supreme Court as demanded by Section 34 of the Judiciary Act of 1789. Agnew severely criticizes Marshall's opinion as a literal reading of the statute and feels he overlooked the main purpose of the act, i.e. settlement of these western lands since warrantees, supposedly as speculators, would never settle the lands themselves.
Although the court's opinion was a judicial step in placing the Supreme Court as the interpreter of state powers, the immediate effect of the court's decision upon Pennsylvania courts was negligible. The state courts were not bound by the high court's decision, since the case dwelt on purely state matters and so they continued to follow Judge Yeates' opinion. Still, as late as 1810, Charles Smith observed that the populating of the western lands had been slow to develop. Acts of 25 March 1811 (5 Sm.L. 206) and 24 March 1814 (6 Sm.L. 130) dwelt with these lands but it was not until the Act of 3 April 1833 (P.L. 129) that dispensed with settlement as a provision, and provided instead that a warrantee might obtain a patent without proof of settlement. Meanwhile numerous cases continued to be brought before the state and local courts over the 1792 statute. The 1833 law ended this aspect of judicial cases, but controversy further continued over the application of a statute of limitations to the possession of the actual settlers. Criswell v. Altemus, 7 Watts 565 (1838) became the basis for future decisions in which the rights of settlers were supported after an adverse possession of twenty-one years.
The previous information concerning the legal history of land titles cannot be fully understood without a short description of the administrative role that the government took in creating the Land Office, and the procedures involved in obtaining warrants.
Before the Revolution there was no statutory body called the Land Office. The Board of Property did exist, but it did only as long as the Proprietors found it useful to have. The Proprietors were not strict about their vast amounts of land. If people settled upon lands and did not obtain the proper warrants, legal proceedings rarely occurred. Occasionally the Proprietors issued proclamation or advertisements for warrants to be paid, but these summonses were usually ignored. Only when the need arose for either patent, or for confirmation of a title or to sell the property did a person then come to terms with the Proprietors. Usually there were controversies over the same piece of land with the two claimants appearing before the land officers, as representatives of the Proprietors, who adjudged the dispute. The officers' opinion however was not final in regard to the rights of persons other than the Proprietors, individuals could still bring their case into the Court of Quarter Sessions.
Following the Revolution it was not until the Act of 5 April 1782 (1 Sm.L. 529) that the Board of Property was established, consisting of a Secretary to the Land Office, Surveyor General, and the Secretary of the Commonwealth. This three-man body heard cases in equitable jurisdiction without a jury. By the Act, they were entitled to hear all cases of controversy on caveats (i.e. a caution given by one party to the officers to withhold their sanction to the title of an opponent); escheats; warrants on escheats; conflicting titles wherein settlements were made between the parties before coming to the board; rights of preemption; promises; and imperfect titles. The Act further provided that the board's decision could always be appealed to the courts at common law either for recovery of possession or for damages of waste or trespass. Sergeant states that it was advantageous to have the board uphold a person's rights. The board could correct incomplete titles by correcting errors; by ordering resurveys; or by confirming titles when not forbidden by law, and its decisions would be accepted by the courts under the Act of 3 April 1792, Section 11 (3 Sm.L. 70) the board could approve title to a person claiming possession of vacant or unappropriated lands if no suit has been entered within six months.
There were several different types of warrants. A descriptive warrant which pertained to one location could be either explicit description as to its boundaries or "certain to a common intent" where the land was detailed adequately enough to distinguish it from other land. A vague, loose, or indescriptive warrant did not pertain to one specific spot but would apply to several positions.
A third type, called a shifted warrant or location occurred when the land surveyed differs from the land detailed in the warrant. The forms of the' warrants also differed over the years. The warrant usually gave the person's name, residence, the number of acres applied for, its location, the date, the act which covered the transaction, a request to authorize and require a survey, and the signature of one member of an executive council to serve as witness.
Once a warrant is drawn upon with an order of survey of an application, the Surveyor-General or his deputies have the responsibility to survey the ground, mark out the boundaries, and return the survey. Sergeant indicates that possession of the warrant is not an absolute grant to the land, "it was an authority enabling the party to acquire it, on the performance of certain conditions stipulated in the warrant, and on the regulations of the Proprietary and Acts of Assembly (p.122) by Act of 1805 even stated that unexecuted warrants had no effect if within two years they were not acted upon."
Given this time limitation, surveyors, upon receiving a warrant, had to enroll that warrant into the registry book before going out to perform the survey. Each surveyor had to take an oath and give security, while various acts of the Assembly provided surveyors with instructions on how to carry out their work. By the 1785 act, purchase money for the warrants had to be paid first before the survey could take place. The act also provided that all surveys returned had to be completed by actually going to the land and measuring it and marking the lines to be returned. Marking was usually done by notching and blazing trees for corners and boundary lines, or if no trees, stones were heaped upon each other or posts might be used. If the marks disappeared, for one reason or another, it had to be left to a jury to decide the proper boundary. The surveyor was not always considered to be at fault. Interestingly, up to the time the survey was to be returned, the owner could ask the surveyor to go out again to the ground and alter the survey, provided the request came at a reasonable time and did not interfere with rights of a third person. Once the survey was returned, the surveyor's job was finished and it was up to the owner to seek relief with the Board of Property. If the surveyor was guilty of misconduct in making a survey, the owner had to complain to the land office, otherwise he may have waived his right to objection.
The surveyor had to return the survey to the office of the Surveyor-General only after the warrantee first paid for his fees and expenses. The return once made and accepted, was in itself prima facie evidence that the survey had been made correctly, however, someone could claim a better right that would have to be determined either by trial or by the Board of Property. Once the survey was returned, the owner was usually bound by the survey. The survey became a notice of record that defines and fixes the right of the party and the boundaries of the land. It gave a right to a patent and once that patent was obtained, it provided legal title and right of entry against all others. In effect that person had title to the land as real estate, possessing rights under the descent, devise and transfer.
The patent was a deed from the Commonwealth, under its great seal, conveying to the grantee all the rights and legal title to the lands surveyed. It was given upon payment of the purchase money. As to third persons, it was prima facie evidence that the grantee had complied with all conditions in acquiring the patent; yet a third party could challenge its authenticity upon various grounds which had to be decided in a court of law.
1. The published laws in Pennsylvania has a long history. There were chronological sets of laws published in the 18th century by R. Jensen, A. Bradford, B. Franklin, P. Miller, F. Bailey, and A. Dallas. In 1810, John Bioren published a chronological set of Laws of Pennsylvania covering from 1800 to 1808. This set was annotated by Charles Smith, President Judge of the Third Judicial District (Common Pleas) in Pennsylvania, and is commonly referred to as Smith's Laws. This set was eventually expanded to cover down to 1829 in ten volumes. It is Smith's Laws that is cited in the various legal treatises for references to the public laws, although there is a later set called the Statutes at Large of Pennsylvania (Harrisburg: 1896-1916) in 18 volumes covering from 1700 to 1809. Gail M. Beckman's Statutes at Large of Pennsylvania Volume 1, 1680-1700 (N.Y.: Vantage Pr., 1976) is the main source today for the early statutory law of the colony. For more information, see Joel Fishman, "The History of Statutory Compilations in Pennsylvania," Law Library Journal, 86 (1994): 559-596.
2. In Pennsylvania, the pre-1845 Supreme Court reports are known by the name of the Court Reporter. These early nominative reports are: Dallas Reports, 4 vols. (1754-1806); Binney's Reports, 6 vols (1799-1814); Yeates's Reports, 4 vols.(1791-1808); Sergeant & Rawle' Reports, 17 vols. (1814-1828); Rawle's Reports, 5 vols. (1828-1835); Penrose & Watts' Reports, 3 vols. (1829-1832); Watts' Reports, 10 vols. (1832-1840); Wharton's Reports, 6 vols. (1835-1841); and Watts & Sergeant's Reports, 9 vols. (1841-1845). For more information, see, Joel Fishman, "The Reports of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania," Law Library Journal 87 (1995): 643-693.
Agnew, Daniel. A History of The Region of Pennsylvania North of The Ohio and West of The Allegheny River, of The Indian Purchases, And of The Running of The Southern, Northern, and Western Boundaries. Philadelphia: Kay & Bro., 1887.
Haskins, George Lee and Herbert A. Johnson. History of the Supreme Court of The United States Foundations of Power: John Marshall, 1801-1815. N.Y.: Macmillan Pub. Co., 1981. v.2 of the Oliver Wendel Holmes Devise History of the Supreme Court of The United States.
Herchenroether, Nell Y. "The Depreciation and Donation Lands of Western Pennsylvania." Western Pennsylvania Genealogical Society Quarterly 7 (May, 1981): 127-133.
Laws of The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 10v. Philadelphia: John Bioren, 1810-1829. Commonly referred to as Smith's Laws.
Munger, Donna Bingahm. Pennsylvania Land Records: A History and Guide for Research. Wilmington, Del: Scholarly Resources, Inc. 1991.
Sergeant, Thomas. View of The Land Laws of Pennsylvania with Notices of Its Early History and Legislation. Philadelphia. James Kay, Jun. and Bro., 1838.


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Micah Stinger prepares laundry for delivery at the Chickasaw Nation Child Development center.
ADA, OKLAHOMA – Chickasaw citizen Micah Stringer is a familiar face around the Chickasaw Nation Child Care Center.
Working as a laundry attendant, the 22-year-old diligently completes his daily duties of collecting, laundering, folding and delivering all towels, linens, clothing and stuffed animals for the 200 children at the child care center.
Micah, born with the genetic disorder Downs Syndrome, has worked in the position for more than a year and it is a job he enjoys.
Having Micah on staff gives teachers more time to focus on the children and curriculum. Micah is comfortable around the children and his diligence and warm-personality have earned him the respect of his co-workers.
He makes a valuable contribution to the child care center thanks to the help of a dedicated team of vocational rehabilitation counselors and staff at the Chickasaw Nation Vocational Rehabilitation department.
Determined her son would not be limited by his disability and to secure a brighter future him, Micah’s mother, Shellie Horton, sought the assistance of vocational rehabilitation services.
“Growing up, Micah attended Ada public schools. He was engaged with other children, made friends and learned valuable life skills,” Ms. Horton said.
But after graduation, Micah was not exposed to much social interaction. He became largely inactive, spending his days watching TV with his grandmother while his mother was at work.
Micah, of Allen, Oklahoma, still pursued a variety of interests such as, music, books, cars, drawing, sports, design and songwriting. He also participated in Special Olympics, but Ms. Horton remained concerned about his overall lack of social interaction and lack of employment opportunities.
Ms. Horton reached out to the vocational rehabilitation department to see what could be done to improve Micah’s quality of life.
After assessing Micah’s strengths and limitations, the vocational rehabilitation staff was able to secure a suitable employment situation for the young man, while fulfilling a need and providing a valuable service.
“When we learned Micah enjoyed folding laundry, we started exploring which (Chickasaw Nation) department might have a need for this service. We were able to work with the child care facility to create a position where Micah could be successful and beneficial for the facility,” vocational rehabilitation counselor Nicholas Buckley said.
Before Micah became the laundry attendant for the facility, a teacher in each classroom was responsible for the laundry of the classroom.
Chickasaw Nation Child Care staff is grateful to have Micah on staff, because of his dedication and positive attitude.


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The Registered Nurse maintains responsibility for the provision of professional nursing care demonstrated through the nursing process involving assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The Registered Nurse must demonstrate a competent level of behavior in a professional role, including activities related to promotion of quality of care, performance appraisal, education, collegiality, ethics, collaboration, research and resource utilization (Scope and Standards of Nursing Practice - ANA, 2010).
Certification / License: Current RN license in Massachusetts. Current CPR skills, ACLS and PALS certifications.
Experience: Minimum of one year experience in Emergency Care preferred. Previous ICU/Critical Care or completed Coronary Care course considered.
Please upload a resume with each new application. Our applicant tracking system does not automatically attach a previously submitted resume. This applies to both internal and external applicants. Thank you.


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TIP! Keeping your weight down, eating a healthy diet and getting enough exercise can not only make you feel great every day, but can also reduce your risk of cancer. Get plenty of veggies and fruits, drink water, and do a minimum of 30 minutes of exercise a day to ward off cancer and live a better life.
Be prepared of the changes your physical body will undergo, while receive your cancer treatments. Discuss the side effects of any drugs or other treatments with your doctor. Be prepared for the possibility of hair loss by having a wig ready and look around for some make up to handle any complexion problems.
TIP! Be prepared for physical changes that could occur from the cancer treatments. A health care professional can outline the different treatment options and the likely side effects of each one.
Eliminating sugar from your diet is one of many strategies you can use to thwart cancer growth. Cancer grows with sugar, so if you do not eat any sugar, it can help prevent it. This approach is not likely to cure cancer on its own accord, but it may be combined with other treatments to improve results.
A lot of folks out there have outdated ideas about cancer. They may fear that your disease is something that is contagious, or that you can no longer perform your job at work. Adopt an honest attitude.
It helps to understand cancer symptoms in order to get an early diagnosis. Typical symptoms of colon cancer include bloody or increasingly thin stools and weight loss that can’t be explained. If you are experiencing these symptoms, check with your doctor immediately.
TIP! Know various symptoms of various types of cancer to detect it early, like colon cancer. Rapid and unexplained loss of weight, blood in your feces and thin stools along with cramping are common signs of cancer in the colon.
To beat cancer, finding it early is essential. Schedule regular appointments for screenings, so that you can catch cancer cells before you start to have symptoms. For breast or testicular cancer, self examination is important, too. Examine yourself monthly for anything that feels unusual.
Incorporating exercise into your life is very important for cutting your risk of colon cancer by approximately 40 percent. Those who routinely exercise are more likely to be better fit, maintain a healthy weight, and evade diseases — such as diabetes — that can lead to cancer. Make staying active your goal.
TIP! One of the many benefits of regular physical activity is the reduced risk of colon cancer. Those who regularly exercise are usually in better shape and are able to maintain a more healthy body weight than others.
If you have just had a cancer diagnoses dropped on you, you need to drop the cigarettes. Many cancer sufferers make the mistake thinking they don’t have to stop smoking because they’re already ill. However, the chemicals that are contained within the cigarette will impede your recovery process.
If you have a family member who has been diagnosed with cancer, consider attending their doctor’s appointments with them. Having a person in the room with a clearer head is great for asking any questions and addressing concerns you might have for the doctor.
TIP! When a loved one is faced with cancer, it is important to help them with doctor appointments. It’s nice to have a clear-headed person with you so that no pertinent questions for the doctor get overlooked.
If a loved one receives a diagnosis of cancer, make yourself available to them. Even if it is difficult, you have to give them a chance to talk about their feelings. For the best results, focus on being a good listener rather than trying to solve their problems or give your own interpretations.
If you, or a person whom you know, is afflicted with cancer, you have to read whatever you can on this topic. Confidence is instrumental in the fight.
If you have cancer, you’ll have a number of new people come into your life. Try to welcome them as new friends. For example, you will meet a team of medical specialists and even other patients. It is impossible to go it alone, so welcome these new people into your life with open arms.
The best defense against cancer is to be familiar with the symptoms of the different types, such as colon cancer. Unexplained loss of weight, bloody stools or cramps can all be early warning symptoms of colon cancer. So make sure you get yourself checked out if any of these symptoms occur.
What you think is going to happen, and what truly manifests, are often two different animals. Appreciate the support you are receiving.
TIP! Remember, when it comes to cancer treatments, what you think will happen, and the reality of what actually will happen, are very different things. You should appreciate any and all support that you receive.
Communicate! If you feel that your loved ones aren’t being very supportive, bring up the topic in a non-aggressive but serious way. Gently provide them with an explanation on the reason behind your need for help, and the things they can do to help you. However, you have to approach this with caution. This is a tough period of time. Keep love in mind at all times. Do not have any regrets!
Let people know how you are feeling. If you feel that your loved ones aren’t being very supportive, bring up the topic in a non-aggressive but serious way. Have a cordial conversation with them to let them know what they can do to help you and why you need help. Use caution, though. Times like these are extremely difficult for anyone. Love should always be your foundation. Have no regrets!
TIP! Communicate your feelings! If you’re friends and family aren’t giving you the support you need, approach the topic politely. Let them know, with kindness, how they can help out and why you need that help.
There is no evidence that alcohol itself is effective in preventing cancer. Wine could help prevent cancer due to the grapes. Ingesting a big amount of alcohol could place you at more risk in developing cancer.
It is important that you participate in treatment, rather than believing that it is entirely up to the doctors. Your participation will support your recovery. Do not take yourself out of the situation. Doing this won’t help you make a recovery.
TIP! The more active you are in your own treatment, the better advocate for your care you will be. Don’t settle for sitting on the sidelines.
If a loved friend or close family member has become a patient of cancer, don’t flip their entire life around and begin treating them entirely differently than you normally would. Cancer victims need any love and positive energy from others they can get, so when people take pity on them, they might feel badly and whittle down self-esteem.
One important thing to consider is using sealant on any wood structures that were built before 2005. Arsenic pesticides were placed on many deck and playground products prior to 2005. Prevent contact with these potentially dangerous materials by using a good quality sealant.
Prior to starting treatment, ask any questions you may have so the upcoming changes to your body are well understood. This will keep you better prepared to handle the changes that occur. If hair loss is a side effect of your treatment, ask other patients what they recommend when it comes to wigs or makeup. That way, you will be ready before you shed any hair.
Familiarize yourself with cancer symptoms, and know the risk factors. By knowing the risk factors, you will be more able to recognize any symptoms when they occur.
TIP! Know what the causes of cancer are, and learn how to know when you are at risk. If you can distinguish which symptoms could be cancer, and which are nothing to worry about, you can address those symptoms that much faster.
As you have read, there are many things you can do to reduce the stress of your cancer diagnosis and its treatment. There’s no perfect method for managing cancer. However, there are a lot of things you can do that may seem insignificant, yet help you deal with your cancer better. The tips and hints in this article, along with a day-by-day approach, can help you find the strength to win your battle against cancer.


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This site hosted the FFME bouldering event, so you’re guaranteed excellent quality and opportunities. The rock is perfect and the routes limitless.
Free topo available at Clavans town hall and at the tourist office of Vallée de Ferrand in Besse en Oisans.
From Bourg d’Oisans, drive up to Alpe d'Huez and then up to the Col de Sarenne. Park at the Col and follow the path to the left marked "Le Clos Chevaleret". The boulders are located before Le Clos Chevaleret, next to the Grand Sablat stream.

industry_corpus2: Travel & Geography


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My daughter (10) and her BFF are asleep in the next room after a slumber party happened here last night...they were up until well past 2:40am..at least that is when I lost count and finally fell asleep myself. Chewie is sitting on the desk here beside me and it is raining and cold outside.
In my heart, there are so many things I want to try, places I wish I could go...and things I feel like I need to do. But now is not the time for me. Of course I am finding balance.. a few minutes here and there to myself.. but the majority of my time is spent caring for my daughter.
I am so grateful for the online teaching community I have here...and the ability to connect with you all from my house. Don't forget that I am available to answer your emails every day...and I always love seeing your artwork.. as much as I would love to be able to attend and teach at art retreats myself, I can't swing it at this point in my life... so hopefully you will stop by and say hi here in one of the online workshops I teach.
I am ending the month-long sale I have had here on the website on December 26..if you've been thinking about making a purchase, now is the time to do it.
Painting in black and white...with techniques featured in the Layer Love v2.0 online workshop.


text: The Tritium Key Ring makes it easy to consolidate, organize and deploy multiple sets of keys and key chain tools. This highly efficient device has 3 separate key rings joined by two 0.75" side release buckles. It can attach to your belt, on a tie-down loop in your Maxpedition bag, or you can just carry it in your pocket. Join multiple Tritium Key Rings to keep additional sets of keys or key chain tools together.

industry_corpus2: Manufacturing


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We have recently installed a new HP DC7900 SFF PC in one of our Labs. Now this PC doesn't come with a built in serial port so I purchased a usb to serial convertor which I've installed and it works fine. I've tested a serial modem using Hyperterminal and I can query the modem so this tells me the serial port is working fine. Now when we connect an instrument to the ADC-16 which in turn connects to the usb to serial convertor the Picolog software (v5.15.6) reports device status "ADC16 driver version 2.4 ADC16 unit not found" on startup. I have checked under "Converter Preferences" and the correct convertor and com port are set.
To prove the ADC-16 is functioning, I connected it to the old PC (Dell GX280 with onboard serial port) and it works fine so the problem seems to be with the usb to serial convertor although I read on another post on this forum that these convertors should be fine to use.
Does anybody have any suggestions as to what can be done to resolve this issue?
Hi Nick what com port are you using with USB to serial converter?
ziko wrote: Hi Nick what com port are you using with USB to serial converter?
I've tried it using Com1, 3 and 4. None of those ports work although I can talk to the serial modem on either of those ports via Hyperterminal.
Hi but what com port does the adapter come under in device manger? Or are you saying you went into device manager and changed the com port number that it was originally assigned?
ziko wrote: Hi but what com port does the adapter come under in device manger? Or are you saying you went into device manager and changed the com port number that it was originally assigned?
Hi Ok I would suggest the following, try downloading the latest version of Picolog recorder. Remove the version that you have installed then install the latest one.
I know that some USB to serial converters had some problems due to some kind of chipset that they used and we resolved that on one of our later releases. So if the USB to serial converter you used comes under that chipset it may resolve your problem.
Ok, I've uninstalled our version of Picolog and then installed firstly 5.20.7 and again I have the same problem with it not recognising the ADC-16. I then uninstalled 5.20.7 and installed 5.16.2 only to have the same problem with that version.
I guess this usb to serial convertor chipset is incompatible with your software or do you have any other suggestions?
I'm open to your suggestions.
Hopefully, this should resolve our problem.
Just FYI, I'm now using software version 5.20.7 and all is fine!
Thank you for your feedback I'm happy to hear all is good :D.


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Develop an international perspective and the problem-solving skills needed to confront today’s complex global political challenges. Work in teams to develop effective policy solutions for Seattle-based companies and organizations, and build your network by connecting with national and international leaders.
Choose between a ten-month, intensive option and a two-year, part-time program.
For more information, see the UW Master of Arts in Applied International Studies website.


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Living at the coast we don’t get snow or big frosts or so I thought until last week.
Walking the dog on one of our beaches where the river water feeds into sea water what looked like foam was actually ice. Never ever seen that before.
The main beach (sea water only) was fine. Jaffa (the dog) loved it – tried eating it and decided to play in it.


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The Golf Performance and Development Academy is situated in the heart of the beautiful Benoni Country Club. Facilities include a driving range, hitting area and practice green. The academy is run by Rob Van Velzen and his team of friendly staff.
Please ask your Golf Day Coordinator for special deals pertaining to golf days.
Both private and group lessons are available. Lessons by the golf pros are the best way to improve your game and gain confidence.
Junior coaching rates are R600/ month for 4 group sessions of 1 hour each.
Individual rates are R1500/ 6 lessons.
Feel free to make contact with any one of our Pro's to book a lesson.