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Shat is a small village in Lithuania, near the larger town of Keidan, more or less in the center of Lithuania.
It is a very primitive village. No roads nor electricity. In the evening lamps are the only illumination to houses. Neither is there any railway access to the village.
There are about 90 Jewish families living in the village, which number is increased from time to time by people from the surrounding villages. In Shat it is difficult to find a committee to consist of a president or a governor, but at time even little kaisers are found.
The cultural functions are very limited, no theaters, nor cinemas, and no theater groups ever visit the village. However there is a small library of 500 books.
Their gemilas khesed (interest-free loan society) at one time had 28,000 lita (Lithuanian currency) in its coffers, which was of great help. But at a later time stage financial problems cropped up, which naturally affected the villagers.
Shat was a poor village with very few skilled artisans. A number of villagers owned horses and carts, but there was very little means to earn a decent living, and most people existed from hand to mouth. They also eked out a living from their dairy cows. But despite all the hardships and poverty, the people of Shat never lost their sense of humor, their determination and their togetherness.
The Jewish community in Balbirishok is very old. The witnesses are the two large cemeteries, of which the newer one is 140 years old.
Balbirishok was once a rich trading town. Boats packed with a variety of goods would travel every day up and down the wide and deep waters of the Nieman. Many rich merchants in the shtetl made it even as far as the Leipzig Fair on only two axles [i.e. in a wagon]. Balbirishok was a trading center for many of the surrounding towns. Then with the arrival of a railway line and highways in the nearby towns of Alyta and Pren, all the commerce moved there.
Now great poverty reigns here. People wander around the shtetl without work and even the wisest sage cannot succeed in rescuing the majority of Jews here from what life brings. In the last three or four years, ten Jewish shops have closed in Balbirishok and those that remain are empty the entire week. There are very few artisans here and no one to help them, as there was before the war. Certain trades that once were monopolized by Jews are now free of Jews. In the shtetl there is not one Jewish blacksmith, brick mason, tinsmith or shoemaker. Consequently other trades have too many men. There are five bakers and four butchers. Three or four of them together slaughter one skinny animal. Meanwhile Lithuanian tailors, shoemakers, brickmasons, and carpenters in recent years have been springing up by the dozens.
The Balbirishok Jews have discovered a new business. They buy chickens at the market from the nearby towns and drive them to Kovno. The Balbirishkers call this new kind of businessman, with irony, Ministers of the Interior [a pun on inner for interior, and hinner, the plural of chickens in Yiddish]. They are also called vishtinenkes [chicken people]. No one can envy the living they earn.
The one thing that Balbirishok is not ashamed of compared to the surrounding towns is its factories. There is a distillery, leather factory, brick works, mill, furniture manufacturer, sawmill with a parquet factory, and also a small workshop, where mirrors are made, where the owner works on his own. All the industrial enterprises besides the furniture factory and one sawmill belong to Jews; however, they do not have a dominating role and do not play any part in the economics of the town. During the season there are seventy men working in all these enterprises, but of all those workers only three are Jews. The rest of the Jews have no real means of subsistence. Assistance from America used to be considerable, but is now reduced to a minimum.
During the summer about half a dozen Jews with orchards also trade in chickens. Since they are driving the chickens to Kovno they also take cases of apples or pears to sell at the Kovno market.
The Jewish folksbank has 100 members, of whom a dozen are Christians. The bank plays a large role in the shtetl's economy because there are hardly any Jews who don't need the bank's services.
The young people are barely employed. They wander around the streets with nothing to do and talk about politics. In the past a lot of young people left for Mexico, Argentina and Uruguay. Now the gates there are closed due to strict laws and the Great Depression. About 30 settlers left Balbirishok in the last 15 years for Palestine.
Cultural life here is abominable. The rich library with its eight hundred books is practically empty. The children who complete the Hebrew public school do not pursue further studies and forget the little that they learned.
The shtetl Tsaikishok is located in Kovno district not far from the Dubisa River. It is very small. Tsaikishok has over 60 Jewish families who are mostly shopkeepers, traders, and artisans. During the summer many of the residents are busy in the orchards.
The economic situation in the town is not good. There is a folksbank in Tsaikishok that was the first one founded in Lithuania. It has over 60 members.
The relationship between Jews and Lithuanian is not bad. If the two Lithuanian shops in Tsaikishok participate in bloyeh markelakh [blue coupons, anti-Semitic tactic that discounted prices in Lithuanian shops in order to discourage shopping in Jewish shops], it is due not to anti-Semitism but simply to make a living.
As for cultural institutions, there is a Jewish public school. The Jewish library has over 500 Yiddish books and over 20 readers. There is no theater or movie house in Tsaikishok and no lecturers come here. The young people are mainly Zionists and belong to the Zionist Socialist party. Among the parents there many Zionists of various persuasions.
Busses go through Tsaikishok daily on their way to Kovno, Raseyn and back. They bring some life to the town. We see new people and are not cut off from the world. Because it is small, Tsaikishok is clean enough with attractive painted houses. We still do not have electrical service. In the middle of a summer day it is quiet and calm as if everything is sunk in sleep.
Gelvan is located 20 kilometers from Vilkomir. It is an old shtetl. There are signs of its age in the cemetery. There are many old gravestones there. One of the gravestones from 5419 (1659) is still there. Not far from the shtetl is a meadow with gravestones scattered about, rubbed off through the generations. A Gelvaner informed me that there was once a cemetery there.
Not long ago Gelvan was considered a rich shtetl. All our business ties were with Vilna. Twice a week Jewish wagons would leave for Vilna with grain, eggs, poultry and the like, and would bring back merchandise for the shops. Shoemakers, tailors, carpenters, blacksmiths and other artisans were all Jewish. To have work done in the area one had to come to Jewish artisans. A few Jews earned money from the nearby landowners. Tenant farmers and brokers did business with the landowners and made a living. There were not many Jews in Gelvan who were poor. People lived quietly and happily. Now they are almost all shopkeepers and a few are village peddlers, but every one of them makes a living from relatives in America.
Before the war [WWI] Gelvan was a Jewish town with a population of about ninety Jewish families. Other than that there were about eight or nine families, laborers who made their living from the Jews. Now there are 70 Jewish families and more than 80 Christians families, with shops, two cooperatives, and a very rich Lithuanian folksbank. The Lithuanian are now the majority and soour shtetl is dying little by little.
From the earlier good times there is one thing left to us, that reminds one of a respected householder who has come down in the world and whose fine clothes hang loosely, too big for him. That is our besmedresh [synagogue], a very big one. Apparently the builders of the synagogue thought that Gelvan would one day be a large town and built the besmedresh accordingly. Now it is empty.
A brick bathhouse also remains from the good times. It is large and is heated only three times a year, as we cannot do more. It is too much of a luxury.
The relationship with the surrounding population at one time was very good, almost friendly. Now the intellectuals incite the population against Jews with invented stories. A short time ago there was a cooperative holiday and one of them went too far. He said in his speech that very soon all the Jews in Lithuania will be forced out and meanwhile demanded that no Christian should buy from Jewish shops.
The library of the Lovers of Knowledge has over 400 books, but the people of Gelvan are not great readers. The Zionist Socialists have a Garden of Edenthey are the only Zionist group here.
Just twoscore years ago 100 Jewish families lived in Pushelat, and now there are no more than 45. A small number of them remained in Russia after being expelled from Lithuania at the time of the World War I, and many more, after returning to their former homes, emigrated to South Africa, Palestine, and America.
The majority of Jews in the shtetl are engaged in small business in shops, but the living they make from this is scant. A small number of Jews have taken up crafts or agriculture. The working families are divided up as follows: one shoemaker, one tailor, three butchers, two wagon drivers, one watchmaker, one milliner, two dressmakers, and five who farm either on their own or rented property.
Relations with the Christian community are so-so. The cultural situation, thanks to the young people in the area, is not bad. They have a library of 200 books, which include some of the most recent publications. In addition there is a public school, a small credit bank, gemilas khesed [interest-free loan society] and linat hatzedek [volunteers who care for the sick], all of which are on a high level of excellence. In our shtetl we have taken steps to establish a Hebrew public school, but the teacher speaks Yiddish with the children.
In the local group of firefighters there are both Jews and Christians, who cooperate in a variety of joint undertakings. Among these we have had for a few years a firemen's soccer team that is mixed (made up of Jews and non-Jews).
Before the war [WWI], as older people tell the story, life in Vilyon was calm and peaceful. Today Vilyon is a town with eighty Jewish families, almost all of whom own their own house with a bit of land around it. But there is not enough land to make a living fromonly enough for raising some onions and radishes. Nevertheless Vilyon lives very well. If one has a little business, a little land, and above all a son in America, one can live like a prince. Of course it goes without saying that there are some people in Vilyon who do not have a brother or a beloved uncle in America or a garden or a business and they also live, but woe unto them.
Vilyon has a large number of artisans and unskilled laborers. They have a difficult life. There is no Jewish bank or gemilas khesed [interest-free loan society] in Vilyon.
The town has a large number of anti-Semites. The verslininkes [Lithuanian businessmen] distribute bloye markelakh [blue coupons, anti-Semitic tactic that discounted prices in Lithuanian shops in order to discourage shopping in Jewish shops] and make anti-Semitic proclamations. Yet among the poor peasants and the poor laborers there is no anti-Semitism.
There is a Jewish public school in the town and a Lithuanian public school with six grades. There are two Jewish study houses and one bathhouse, which this summer will be taken down and replaced with a new one.
Vilyon is divided into two parts, a mountain and a valley, and the residents are evenly divided between the two. The majority of the Jews live in the shtetl [in the valley?]. Vilyon has a church that was built by Vitautas the Great. Vilyon also has beautiful gedymin and pilies [Lithuanian: streets and roads].
In all, Vilyon is a town with great natural beauty, but the Vilyon Jews do not derive any pleasure from it. There is much unemployment, mainly among the young people. People wait for somethingthey want something and know that something must happen, so they wait: perhaps better times are coming.
The economic situation is bitter, but it is good that the Most High sent shchav [Russian: cabbage soup]. People eat shchav in the morning; for lunch, fleishik [meat] shchav; and in the evening, bread with milkhik [dairy] shchav. Mid-day, please have a cup of shchav! In the winter there is an abundance of crops and people dig up potatoes, carrots, and beets. They pickle cucumbers and tomatoes. And once in a while there is a hen or a goose and people have a little shmaltz [chicken fat]. Soon the winter ends and spring arrives with brand new shchav.
Shavlyan is a shtetl in Shavl District and just when the town was greatly esteemed, it was removed and moved to a place forty kilometers away. The town is 18 kilometers from Radvilishok.
Of the surrounding towns, Tsitovyan [Tytuvenai] is important because of its pine forest where several families go to dachas [Russian: summer houses] during the summer. The rest of the cities and towns that are around are Shidleve [Siluva], Kelm [Kelme] and Shakot [Saukotas]. As in many other towns in Lithuania, Shavlyan has a round market place with houses built around it. In every house there is a shop, in some even two. Streets radiate out from the market place. One on the right goes to Radvilishok; the one on the left to Shavel and Tsitovyan, a third one go to Shidleve, Shakot and others. The first two are very important. Once a year the Shidlev Road is repaired, and that is before the large annual fair that the famous Lithuanian writer Zhemaite wrote about in A Journey to Shidleve. Thousands make a pilgrimage through Shavlyan and they all use the Shidlev Road.
In the middle of the market place there used to be a highly visible memorial to Aleksander II, who freed the peasants; it was removed in 1930. The memorial is ten meters high and has a long iron point at the top. It looks like a large Chanukah dreidel that from turning so much rubbed off its feet and sits on its bottom. On all four sides on stone tablets is engraved Tsariu Osvoboditeliu [Russian: To the Czar-Liberator]. At the highest point, hundreds of birds make their nests and the lowest part serves as a shelter for the peasants who come to the market to sell butter, eggs and other products. In 1930 the valdiba [Lithuanian: town council] decide to take the memorial down.
Today there are about 250 families living in Shavlyan, of which 50 are Jewish. It is difficult to establish when the Jewish community arrived. It is known that in 1766 when counting the population of the area, there were 331 Jews in Shavlyan.
In Jewish history Shavlyon is know for a blood libel that happened at the beginning of the 18th century. Until recently mothers told their children about Lipke der meshumed [the rogue], who in those unsettled times brought so much trouble to the local Jews, and also about the important people who came from Petersburg in order to settle the affair.
In 1921 after the expulsion to Russia, almost all the Jews returned to Shavlyan. Everything was quickly restored, some better, some worse, but everyone was happy. And prosperity lasted about ten years. Due to the great economic crisis in the country, the Jewish artisans and some of the shopkeepers have become truck farmers and orchard keepers. If one counts the three-four families who were involved in agriculture before the war [WWI] the main occupation in the town would be fruit farming. Second place goes to the retail shops.
Returning from Russia, the young people of that time became busy with cultural work. In a short time a library was created with 300 books. From time to time there would be lectures, discussions, evenings. The older people read a lot and there was evening a reading room in the town. These were people devoted to cultural work. Here I would like to honor the memory of Yokhved Schapiro-Luntz, who died young and was the soul of the young people at that time.
Now there is no sign left of all that. The library is closed all year because nobody has the inclination to read a book now. There is no Jewish public school in Shavlyan. Some of the Jewish children attend the Lithuanian school, but the majority of boys study in kheder under the supervision of the rabbi.
Have you heard of shtetlakh named Onishkis or Anushishok? If you have, then you probably also know that in our country there are two such towns with the same name. One is at the Lithuanian-Polish border [54°29' / 24°36'] and the second at the Lithuanian-Latvian border. It is the latter town that I will describe here. An old gravestone found in the old cemetery prior to the Great War [WWI] tells us that it was erected 150 years ago. This means that our community is not a young one.
Several celebrities were born in our town. One of them is the famous revolutionary and martyr Hirsh Lekert, who was born and raised here. Several people in Anushishok remember well the lively, temperamental boy who at a young age moved to Vilna and whose shot [unsuccessful assassination attempt directed at the Governor of Vilna] later resounded like a thunderclap throughout Russia, especially in the Jewish Pale of Settlement.
A second celebrity of world renown, whose name is still remembered in Anushishok, is the late Mariampoler rabbi, the former Sejm [Polish Parliament] Deputy Rabbi Popl. Many people in Lithuania still remember his courageous stand in the Sejm concerning the proposed law to abolish capital punishment.
The picture after the war is very different. Many families did not return from Russia after the expulsion, and those who did come back were quickly disappointed by their old, abandoned homes. The partition of Lithuania from Latvia was fatal to the rebuilding of the town. The domestic farmers have no one to bring their produce to here, since they cannot go to the nearby regional capital to buy and sell the way they did before the partition.
Young people coming back after the war from the front and military service look around in despair. There are no prospects here and nowhere else to go. Only one small door is open: South Africa. Some tried to stick it out here and gave it their best effort, but then departed. Today a total of 25 Jewish families live here. They have opened a home for the aged, where the old people are maintained with American dollars and South African pounds. And the truth is, the people of Anushishok from Boston and New York, from Cape Town and Johannesburg, have strong feelings for their former homeand not only for their own loved ones but for the community institutions. Yet there is an outpouring of pain here. People wander around like ghosts and give the impression of doom, as if suffering their last punishment.
On summer evenings, in the ruins of the once important courtyard, we often have to endure the joyous sound of Lithuanian folk songs about a new life of happiness, labor and toilthe singers are Lithuanians newly enamoured of agriculture. Meanwhile just the faint sound of the trees from the cemetery is carried to our shtetl, while a rolling green field recently purchased [by a Lithuanian] secretly beckons. The Lithuanians will continue to prosper from year to year, while my shtetl will continue to decline.
Seven kilometers east of Lazdai [Lazdijai], on the road to Kalvarija, lies the tiny shtetl Rudamin. The town was built, about 200 years ago, by the famous Polish family of Princess Gawronski.
At first tailors and shoemakers settled here. A rabbi arrived later and made his living from an inn. They built a prayer house, They rented a place for the cemetery and began developing a Jewish life. The Gavronskis did not sell any land, only leased. Every five years the Jews renewed the lease agreements, paying the rent money promptly. Later the Gavronskis began to persecute the Jews, causing them trouble, made fun of their clothing, forbid them to use the water from the Rudaminelis River that flows through the town, invited the rabbi and complained to him about the Jews.
By the end of 18th century Rudamin had about fifty Jews. In 1899 one Jew bought the entire area. Then Rudamin began to flourish. True there was no rise in cultural life. Rudamin remained dark. But there were Jewish laborers in Rudamin. There were tailors, shoemakers, carpenters, shingle makers, roofers, harness-makers and the rest of them were peasants. Jewish peasants tilled the fruitful fields and their wives were in charge of the housekeeping and raising plants. In Rudamin lived a healthy, productive, independent Jewish element.
Today Rudamin is impoverished. There are about 15 Jews and 150 non-Jews. Today, half the Jews are shopkeepers and are doing tolerably well. The other half are peasants and are not doing well. Mother Nature has been cruel to her children. She does not give them a bountiful harvest, only just enough. A year ago several Rudaminer Jews left for Lazdai, some  went to Kalvaria, others went further  to other places. Now there is scarcely anything left of the Jewish community.
Kul has a population of three hundred people of which around one hundred are Jewish. The relationship between the Jewish and Christians populations was until not long ago very good. The Jews and Christians would do favors for each other.
The Jewish population grew smaller very quickly. There are very few weddings and when we are lucky to have a wedding, the couple leaves Kul. The economic situation for Kul's Jews is miserable. There is only one Jewish artisan in Kul, a shoemaker.
The children study at the Lithuanian public school and the young boys study Hebrew in the afternoon. In the previous better years the Kul children traveled to Plungian to study at the Hebrew high school. Now the economics conditions are worse so that no Jews are able to send their child to study elsewhere.
The young people who belong to the Peretz library in Plungian eagerly read Yiddish books.
The town of Kul consists of one long street. Also they do not have any large expenses. Not the Kul Jews. The Jew has besides aid from a relative in a foreign country, a little bit of land or a garden. Almost every Jew has a foolish cow that gives milk and since he already has a cow, he also has clay pots in which to ferment the milk. Now there is something fermented in the house, there is cottage cheese and there is also something to flavor the plain fish. Potatoes they get from their gardens that they sow and harvest themselves so eating it all up is their due. It is bitter to buy clothing. They lay a patch on a patch. Happiness is that one does not have to pay any tax. And the patches are not the same color. So here they are among their own.
The Ponevezh rabbi and Sejm [Polish parliament] deputy Kahanaman is from Kul, and people hope that he can save them.
From Vilkomir a broad road, or as it is called here a gostinetz [from Russian for inn], leads to Ponevezh and further, as far as Riga. Wagon caravans once used this road to travel to Riga and came back loaded with grain and other merchandise. The many hotels and inns along the road served as rest spots.
There were a lot of small settlements on the road and they have become smaller and smaller. Now some of them are in ruins. They tell of a life that no longer exists, of the genuine shtetl way of life, of good-natured, hospitable and honest Jews with long beards. They tell of peddlers with huge packs on their backs whose feet walked over village roads, fields and meadows. They tell of tenant farmers with broad shoulders, who drove over the small estate roads to the town with wagons full of fresh milk. They tell of kheder boys who were brought from the surrounding settlements to the town, to the rabbis. They tell of the settlement Jews who would descend on the town their with wives and children for the High Holy Days.
Before the Great War of 1914, Tovian had several tens of families with all the community necessities. After the war emigration scattered the large majority of the town youth to every part of the world. Those who remained live with the hope that they will be able to leave this futile place.
The town becomes smaller and smaller every year. Every corner of the Jewish community is ruled by the fear over making a living, since Jewish means of livelihood have been taken over by the Christians. Houses are sold to non-Jews very cheaply. The only Jews remaining are those who cannot leave. The besmedresh [synagogue] is locked during the week and open only on the Sabbath with barely a minyan [quorum of ten men for public prayer]. The men sit near the oven between afternoon and evening prayers and have a chat about the past. A question is raised with a groan and remains unansweredwhat will happen to the besmedresh?
Scores of well-planned and beautifully laid-out Jewish towns developed along the entire length of the German-Lithuanian border and the German-Russian border. With friendliness and good humor, these towns observed their German neighbors across the border. During the working day a lifelong competition went on between the towns. Jews, Germans, Lithuanians, Poles, and Russians conducted business alongside one another and occasionally even socialized.
The town of Vishtinetz was pretty and idyllic. One side of the town was bordered by a large lake that stretched for miles, from Lithuania deep into Germany. On the other side, Vishtinetz was bordered by small hills covered by a thick, almost inpenetrable forest. The hills, to our childish eyes, looked like tall mountains.
The lake was a good meeting place for the German and Lithuanian fishermen (mostly Jews) as well as providing the perfect opportunity, during the previous Czarist rule, to row illegal immigrants to Germany from the Russian side and to bring illegal literature from Germany into Russia.
Vishtinetz was once a town of substantial size with a large religious Jewish community of landowners. The famous gaon [sage] Rabbi Khayeml Filipover Brash was a resident of Vishtinetz and was well known for his charity and for his greatness equally as a Talmud scholar and as a mensch [a human being, in the highest sense].
Vishtinetz was one of the oldest settlements in Lithuania. Because of its proximity to the German border, it was obvious that Vishtinetz would become a center of small industry. There were a number of pig-hair factories and tanneries, which employed approximately 200 workers.
The brush-workers had a hard time then. They worked 16 or more hours a day, with the majority of them having their dinner brought to the factory and some of them staying there overnight, resting on a sack of pukh [down,i.e. the soft part of the pig-hair] and sleeping. Thursday, or as it was called, Green Thursday, they worked through the entire night to compensate for Friday, when they left early because of the approaching Shabbos. The work week began again Saturday evening, right after havdala [ceremony ending Shabbos].
And yet the brush-workers were the first to introduce a worldliness into the Jewish life of the shtetl and to revolutionize the masses. Regardless of how strange it may seem now, the first book that awakened the consciousness of the workers was Mendele [Moikher Sforim]'s story The Mare. The sole copy of The Mare was passed from one group to another in secret since it had been banned, after all, and anyone caught with it would be arrested. I remember to this day how they led away the brush-worker Tanakhke Bunes, an honest and guileless worker thirsting for knowledge, to Vilkovishk, the district capital, for just such a serious mistake. This was the first disturbing incident that led to changes in the idyllic life of Vishtinetz.
It was difficult and troublesome to reach Vishtinetz from the Russian side, although it was only 21 verst away from Verzhbalove. Twenty-one verst are about 15 American miles. To travel this distance, however, often took the better part of the day and sometimes part of the night as well. The road was partly sandy, strewn with rocks and, in many places, so muddy that sometimes Vishtinetz was cut off from the rest of the worldno coming, no goingunless you took a long detour through Germany in order to reach the station at Verzhbalove. The only connection with the surrounding area was Moyshe the Telegraph, a young, strong man and army veteran, always happy, always making a joke and meeting every difficult situation with a smile. He rode to the train station every day, regardless of the weather, to post the mail, to bring merchandise back, and to transport passengers back and forth. He was called Telegraph because neither cold nor mud stopped him.
As time passed, Vishtinetz, like many other small towns, shrank in size. A portion of the younger generation, having gotten a whiff of the malevolent wind that blew from the German side, gradually leftsome to South Africa and others to America where they established themselves in fine positions. Even Moyshe the Telegraph, in time, made his way to Canada where he died a couple of years ago. Several of the pig-hair factories (Itsele Sidorski's and Khaim Bertz's) relocated to Virbalin and Vilkovishk, and the tanneries closed. The large, beautiful synagogue became empty and nostalgia for its former worshippers enveloped the adjoining house of study.
Quiet and sad were the streets that had become overgrown with grass, and the hearty and resounding laughter of the children who had once played there so innocently was no longer heard. To make matters worse, Vishtinetz unexpectedly experienced a hellish fire at the end of a summer 49 years ago, which virtually decimated the greater portion of the town.
Photograph with caption: A solemn worship service in the Vishtinetz synagogue in honor of the coronation of Nikolai II (1895) with the participation of a town official and the police commissioner. From right to left can be seen among others: R' Nakhum Itseles (teacher); Aba Abelevitch; Moyshe Pavishanski, Cantor; Leyzer Volf, town-head (from Brody); Khana Lipman (teacher); Avraham-Motl Viklavishski, Rabbi; Fayvl the shokhet [Kosher slaughterer]; Mordekhay Pats; and Itsele Peretses (Rubinshteyn).
But an odd honor was visited upon Vishtinetz, an honor that memorialized the town in history, even though the fire had partially wiped it off the face of the earth. On the other side of the lake, which culminated deep in Germany, was the large and beautiful estate Rume (?), hidden in a deep, virtually pristine forest. A magnificent palace stood there, with the entire surrounding area beautifully landscaped. The dense forest, the large lakeall of this was perfect for the Kaiser's yacht.
Every autumn, the Kaiser and his entire retinue arrived for the hunt. Here he could show off his prowess as a sharpshooter, that regardless of what target he aimed at, he would hit it. During this period of several weeks of free-spirited living at the expense of innocent animals, he would destroy a number of bears, hungry wolves and sometimes even lured a fox. But most importantly, he was an expert at frightened and shy deer. Afterwards, these dead animals were brought to Berlin with great ceremony and exhibited in the very center of the capital. The idiotic Germans hastened to gaze upon the slaughtered animals, which to them appeared to be such a wonder, and could not praise their Kaiser's skill highly enough.
Kaiser Wilhelm arrived in Vishtinetz for the hunt in the same year that the fire occurred. Learning that the pretty town located on the other side of the lake opposite his yacht had burned, his heart filled with pity, or maybe eagerness at seeing a burned-out Jewish town. One day he arrived in Vishtinetz with his retinue. It was Yom Kippur and there was no prior warning announcing his visit.
Wilhelm delighted in making such surprise visits and was well known for his sudden and unannounced appearances among the populace. Noticing the dead silence and the streets empty of people, he became downcastwhat should he do?
Even when the head of the town informed him of the important and holy Jewish holiday, he remained perplexed, for after all, a Kaiser is not just any ordinary person, and certainly not Wilhelm, who had been anointed by G-d. He sent a messenger to the Jews in the synagogue and politely requested that they go to the market place as he had something important to discuss with them.
The Jews, upon hearing of this developmenteven those in a talis [prayer shawl] or kitl [white garment worn onYom Kippur] and bootsrushed to the market place. The Kaiser exhibited his majestic patience and waited until the very last elderly man arrived from the synagogue.
Then Wilhelm dismounted his horse, and in a friendly manner greeted the Jewish representativethe teacher of the kazioner elementary school, Dovid Robinson (father of Drs. Yaakov and Nehemiah Robinson, both of whom are in New York), greeted everyone with good wishes for the new year, apologized for disturbing their prayers and imposing upon them with his summons.
The Kaiser offered fine words of consolation to the frightened people and substantial aid for reviving the town. He offered 10,000 marks (at that time equal to 4,000 rubles). Later he convinced his friend Czar Nikolai II to contribute a similar amount (5,000 rubles). In addition, he promised to intercede with the Czar to forego the tax on all necessary building materials obtained from Germany.
Dr. Rabinov, who spoke German fluently, greeted Wilhelm and thanked him heartily in the name of the Jewish community. Wishing the Jews an easy fast and great restoration after the fire, Wilhelm bade a friendly goodbye to the startled and surprised Jews.
Their fast was certainly an easier one, and happy and enthusiastic after the unexpected event that they could hardly comprehend, they went to Neilah [closing service on Yom Kippur], praying with even more fervor and fire than usual, calling out lshana haba birushalayim [next year in Jerusalem].
This event was described in all the Russian and German newspapers, and the Gemans lauded the Kaiser for his fine and humane act.
As I tell you this story, it seems to me to be the product of fantasy, a wild dream containing within itself the terrible wrongs which the Jews suffered at the hands of the barbaric Hitler gangs, sons of the German people, descendants of Wilhelm, but it is a fact, and a fact filled with such sorrow. Kaiser Wilhelm should serve as a model of high morale and good deeds and yet, what a far cry from that time, that not-so-long ago past to the dark Hitler times.
Yet even the royal intervention of Kaiser Wilhelm could not help, although he did keep all of his promises. Missing was the strength and energy of the youth; there was not the needed impetus to rebuild the entire town. The mood of impoverishment was felt even more strongly.
After the Great War barely a minyan [ten men required for public prayer] of Jews remained in Vishtinetz and the town reverted entirely to the rule of the Lithuanians and the Lithuanian-Germans.
Now there is no one there who, at the very least, will remind the German Hitler-murderers of the scandalous and law-breaking act of their late Kaiser Wilhelm II. Certainly, they have noone who will listen, who will take this unbelievable story of their former leaderKaiser Wilhelmas an example.
the town of Vishtinetz and which piece by piece, destroyed the tattered and tortured Jewish community.
Our Jewish Lithuanian border towns found themselves, through two world wars, in an infernal fire that could only have been created in hell. The earliest and fiercest battles between the two strongest armies in Europethe German and the Russiantook place there, with fighting that lasted for months on this narrow strip of land. The first to fall victim were our Jewish towns. Especially horrible was the fate of our Jews in the towns on the East Prussian border during World War II, when Hitler's hordes, did not even wait for an encounter but suddenly attacked and murdered the peacefully unaware residents in the very first days of the occupation.
Verzhbalove was located at the center of all the little towns on the East Prussian border lying on a broad tract of land which stretched from Leningrad (formerly Petersburg) past Dvinsk, Vilna, and Kovno directly to Berlin.
Verzhbalove was, so to speak, the connecting point between eastern and western Europe and was recognized as a first-class border station through which the Czar's family often passed. Not only did high government officials pass through Verzhbalove, but also European merchants, manufacturers and learned men, as well as immigrants and political revolutionary activists with, you understand, falsified papers.
In speaking of Verzhbalove, we must mention, in the same breath, two more towns  Kibart, which was two American miles from Verzhbalove, and the German border town of Eydkunen directly opposite. In a sense, they were like a spinal cord, as one could hardly separate each town from the next.
Practically half of the Verzhbalove populace interacted with that of Kibart and Eydkunen on an almost daily basis. It was there that business was conducted: the export of all kinds of goods to Russia, and later, Lithuania and Germany. Thousands of people were employed in this business, earning a fine living. Jewish-Russian and Lithuanian exporters and importers interacted with German buyers and sellers. And what didn't they export to Germany! Cattle, grain, flax, lumber, pig-hair, mushrooms, horses, crayfish, all kinds of fruitall shipped by train. Chickens were driven along the streets through the control-point. From early morning until late at night, the air was filled with the sounds of countless masses of geese, ducks, chickens and turkeys, urged on by hundreds of drivers to the Eydkunen goose-ramp so they could be transported further to Germany. Jews from neighboring towns, such as Vilkovishk, Pilvishok, Mariampole, Kalvariye and others, were also employed in this work. Millions of fowl were shipped to Germany through Virbalin at harvest-time and thousands of families in Lithuania enjoyed a prosperous income. In addition, there were two pig-hair factories in Virbalin that employed a couple hundred brush-workers. They also employed town residents, craftsmen and others. The Jews of Virbalin also earned a living through agriculture.
In addition, this small border export business supported hundreds of families. In accordance with a specific agreement, the residents of both sides of the border were permitted to import a certain quantity of products and finished goods for their own use from one country to the other duty-free. In this manner, a life-sustaining exchange of products and merchandise took place between the residents of Eydkunen on one side and Kibart and Virbalin on the other. The Germans, as well as the Jews and Lithuanians, were content and lived in peace. It would not have occurred to any of them that hatred of each other would soon develop.
Regardless of how strong the daily interaction was between these populations or how amicable the relationships were among these three towns, each remained different and individual unto itself, especially in the Jewish sense.
The magid [preacher] of Kelm, wanting to portray the character and essence of these three closely linked towns, shouted with passion in one of his musar-derashes [ethics teachings]: A fire burns in Eydkunen, sparks fly in Kibart, and smoke hangs over Verzhbalove. Let us put out the fire so that we can keep our towns from a conflagration. His purpose was to evoke a picture of the licentiousness, wantonness and heresy that ruled in Eydkunen and the influence of its poison on the nearby Jewish communities.
In a sense, it was a very effective comparison. In Eydkunen, a deep spirit of assimilation could be felt among the local Jews who viewed themselves as aristocrats, presumably because of the wealth they had accumulated at the expense of the poor Lithuanian Jews. They spoke German beautifully and sought to marry into the Eydkunen yekes [German Jews]. On the other hand, later in Kibart the unexpected installation of a tariff office, and the presence of exporters, brought in a spirit of Russification and just plain emptiness.
The result of this intermingling was the hanging of the wealthy Jew from Kibart, Freydberg, during World War I. He was on friendly terms with the gendarme-commander, Myasoyedov, who was accused of spying for Germany and sentenced to be hanged. The Czar's evil uncle, Nikolay Nikolayevitch, was eager to accuse a Jew and they accused Freydberg of being a co-conspirator, therefore, he too was executed.
Verzhbalove had become saturated with the new ideology and its new directions for a very long time, both in non-Jewish as well as Jewish life. The ethics teachings of the magid of Kelm were therefore of no help, because the smoke emanated from much more far-reaching and deep sources.
Should a Jew from Kibart wish to partake of a glass of beer or participate in a card game, he went to Eydkunen where he found what he wanted. If, however, he wished to hear a portion of mishna [foundation of the Talmud in Oral Law] or a page of gemora [the part of Talmud that deliberates on mishna] or even to spend an evening in a spiritual atmosphere, one of culture, Hebrew, Zionism, Bundism [bund: Yiddishist Zionist Socialist labor party] and other ideological pursuits, he had to go to Verzhbalove.
If Lithuania was, in the broadest sense of the word, the most Jewish land (except, of course, Eretz Yisroel), then Verzhbalove could be considered one of the most Jewish towns in Lithuania, because Verzhbalove was a town of Torah scholars, of maskilim [enlightened adherents of the haskalah movement], and of people who could speak and teach Hebrew. Verzhbalove had the reputation of a Hebrew town and as far back as 30-40 years ago, the children were spoken to in Hebrew.
The first elementary schools were formed in Verzhbalove. Their founder was my teacher, Rabbi Avraham Eliyahu Sandler, a maskil with both a Jewish and worldly education, a writer on the staff of hamelitz and hatsfira [Hebrew newspapers], and an educator of several generations of students, many of whom are now in America. His son, Gregori Sandler, a renowned Zionist activist and social activist, now resides in Montreal, Canada.
Among those who lived in Verzhbalove, exerted their influence, and began their literary careers there, were Shmuel Leyb Gordon and Ben-Avigdor, both of whom married two sisters of Yehoash [pseudonym of writer Solomon Bloomgarten, 18701927, born in Verzhbalove]. It was perhaps natural that in this Yiddish-Hebrew environment someone such as Yehoash would grow up a dreamer who, even in his very young years, created songs about love and about the meaning of life and who later became the famous poet, writer and translator [into Yiddish] of the tanakh [acronym based on the initial letters in Hebrew for Torah, Prophets, Writings]. His father, R' Keylev bar Ayvushes Bloomgarten, well versed in Torah, worked day and night, as was the custom, studying the tannaim [early teachers of mishna]. His mother was a pious woman. Here, in the home of his parents, Yehoash was infused with the traditional Jewish spirit and gained inspiration for his later creations. They truly thought and wrote in Hebrew and dreamed of Zion. More than one young Verzhbalove boy carried with him songs and romance stories written in the holy language, but Yiddish was the spoken language. The Yiddish element strengthened when the workers' movement arose, with the bund [Yiddishist Zionist Socialist labor party] at its head. The hundreds of brush-workers who lived in town brought in a new trend and revolutionized the youth. Nevertheless, there remained enough dreamers, such as my second teacher, Reuven Kaplan, who continued the thread of the Hebrew maskil culture and of building their own world.
Among these dreamers were to be found those young boys and men with Zionist leanings, and foremost among them were the poet Fayvl Gringard, the enthusiastic visionary Zionist Zelik Sudarski, the imaginative and musical Nekhemiah Volpianski, the quiet dreamer Dovid Hilenberg, the student-guest Nisn Sudarski, and the kalter baheme-mentsh [indifferent simpleton] Aharon Shoydinishski.
I remember as if it were today, their meeting practically daily in the quiet evenings and dreamlike nights in a small, partially dark room, sipping glasses of tea that their girl friends served them with loving smiles. They spent hours in friendly talk and long discussions which lasted late into the night. It was there that they solved all the problems of the world, and most especially, the Jewish problems. Forgotten were the large political clubsthe world was no match for the tiny half-lit room in Yudl Grinberg's house.
After World War I, Kibart and Verzhbalove, following a short-lived renaissance, once again shrank. During the first years of national autonomy, they thought that a new era was approaching and Verzhbalove and Kibart, with energy and fervor, began to rebuild all that had been destroyed while under the long German occupation.
the dying gasps of a once rich and solidly established Jewish town. Today, in the building near the border where once there were 15 stores whose doors never were locked, one can see only the signs above the now locked doors. Today only two stores are open. From a third floor window can be seen, on the opposite side, the Russian district, quiet, dead quiet, just like the cemetery at the entrance to the town.
And at this border proper, to the left of the highway, is the control-point and next to it stands the Lithuanian flag. All former activity has ceased here, no longer do the residents of both towns go back and forth. Even local Jewish children no longer attend German schools daily. Only two or three wagons a day deliver merchandise for all expeditors.
Through the windows of the control-point, the Lithuanian official peers out wearily towards the other side of the border and his German colleague responds with a phlegmatic look from the opposite side. Between them stands the wooden bridge. On its railings, a half-meter apart, hang forlorn emblems of both countries, Saint George on his horse on the east side and on the west, the Prussian eagle. Beneath, the Lipane River snakes its way through, separating both countries and encircling the east side of the town.
As a town which contained several hundred Jewish families, Verzhbalove decided to create its own gymnazye [high school]. Its first director was Dr. Yaakov Robinzon.
Among those rabbis who held a position of honor in Verzhbalove, mention must be made of Dovid Tevele Katzenelenboygn, who later became the head rabbi in Petersburg (now Leningrad). His successor, Rabbi Efrayim Lap, was one of the founders of a large group of talmidey khokh'mim [brilliant scholars].
Rabbi Tzvi HaKohen, elder of the Montreal rabbinate and of all Canada, and Archibald Fridman, renowned Zionist and leader of Canadian Jewry, are also products of Verzhbalove. The famous Jewish-Russian painter Isaac Levitan was born in Kibart, and from the town of Bakshe, not far from Verzhbalove, came the Jewish poet Morris Rosenfeld. After World War I, there were many talented persons from Kibart and Verzhbalove who rose to prominence in the world of Jewish art, such as the renowned painter Mesenblum, the talented Yiddish/Hebrew folk-singer Masha Benya, and the young poet and artist Rekhavye Magiluker. The latter two are now in New York.
Notwithstanding the smoke over Virbalin from the fire in Europe, according to the allegorical reference by the magid of Kelm, life there revolved in a patriarchal and traditional Jewish manner.
As in any family, all of its members are not always similar one to the other and so it was in Verzhbalove, where there were a number of interesting types, interesting exemplars and each one was unique.
Here comes Shmerl the porter, moving rapidly but assuredly, with quick footsteps, sturdily built, hard-muscled, giving the appearance of having been carved from stone. He has just now finished unloading and reloading heavy boxes of merchandise and he did all of this with a minimum of strain, and now he is going to the beysmedresh [synagogue] to recite his portion of mishnayes [lines from the mishna, part of the Talmud].
Now we see Feytshe's [husband] Yudl strolling along, a scholarly Jew with a well-developed high forehead, his hat set back on his head. Even during the coldest days of the year and the hottest summer months, he wears galoshes and a silk kerchief covering his face up to his ears. His wife, Feytshe, an eyshet khayil [woman of valor, from Proverbs 31:10-31, recited by a husband to his wife on Shabbos] has taken care of everything and freed him from any worries about earning a living, and he can live without cares.
but that is as far as it goes, since he never brings his ideas to fruition. His is a life of unending dreams and dismal actuality, a constant struggle from living with his head in the clouds while eternally attached to the narrow space of his own small town, which he has not left for the last 50 years.
And suddenly, someone is running, distracted and out of breath, deep in thoughtit is R' Itsik the frum [traditionally observant]. Seldom does anyone address him by his proper second name, for as his name is so is he. He is a truly religious man with plenty to be concerned abouthe has a family of girls, keyn ayin hora [expression to ward off the evil eye]a large family, and money must be earned to take care of one's own, in this life as in the hereafter. Therefore he truly worries about everyone. So many poor, sick people, G-d forbid. Wherever there is a yeshiva student who needs a meal, a guest who needs a bed for the night and something to eat, a poor husband and wife, or simply a Jew in need, he treats them all with benevolence. This is how he performs mitsvos [good deeds in accordance with G-d's commandments], reciting as many brokhes [prayers] as possible, hundreds every day. He always keeps a bit of kikhl [cookie or baked goods] in his pocket and every now and then takes a little bite in order to fulfill the mitsva of blessing food, or he shows up at a friend's or neighbor's house at any time and says to himself  Sit, Itsele. Drink a glass of tea, R' Itsele... and he is welcomed with a blessing.
Friday is his busiest day of the work week. Quite early, before candle-lighting, he runs to all the shops, asking the owners to close so that, G-d forbid, they should not desecrate Shabbos. And when everyone finally is sitting at their splendidly appointed Sabbath tables, one can see a harried R' Itsele running from house to house to make sure that anyone in need has a place to go for Shabbos.
In addition to all of this, he is a merchant, full of kindness and worldly-wise, with a money-changing office tucked into the pockets of his overcoat. He shoves his hands into those deep pockets and entire piles of silver coins, all kinds of small change and paper money appear, and the transaction is completed right on the spot. And yet he still finds enough time for studying a page of gemore or mishnayes and for communal worship with fervor, as well as for raising his son, R' Simkhe, to become a rabbi and a highly ethical person. R' Simkhe was the head of one of the Kovno yeshivas and perished in the Kovno ghetto.
But apparently, if life is not entirely without purpose, there is always a mixture which makes life clearer, more certain, andmost importantlymore natural, closer to reality. Virbalin was no exception.
Allegedly an underground world existed there too, but this underworld functioned during the time of Czarist oppression and it was both necessary and important. It was during the period in Czarist Russia when Jews and even non-Jews were not able to vote and had no rights, had to serve Nikolayke [ironically affectionate reference to Czar Nikolay II] for four or five years, and faced imprisonment for political transgressions.
Naturally, anyone who did not want to serve in the army or end up in prison escaped to the border towns, and more specifically, to Virbalin, seeking help from the smugglers of those who wished to emigrate. At that time the smugglers were really redeemers or deliverers, helping people escape from all kinds of trouble. Most certainly, those associated with the underworld also had dealings with the smugglersone of whom, Avrom Droyshin, the Jewish Cossack, was surrounded by unbelievable and fantastic legends.
Yet as a general rule, all the smugglers accomplished a purpose and many of the men who escaped will never forget them. Even now, with a prayer on their lips, they will mention those bold and brave young men, forgiving them for the transgression of demanding more money for helping them to cross the small strip of land that separated the large and unending Russia from the little town of Eydkunen. Probably many Americanspolitical activists as well as immigrantsowe them a debt of gratitude for their future and for their good life in free America.


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Practicing tweeting includes follow a person, re-tweeting, thanking people for replying to your tweets or mentioning you. Some people who have a lot of fans, it becomes difficult to send personalized messages for each and every person who follows you. It requires direct messaging.
Its being used by many bloggers today. It is a software with some important features in addition to the ability to send automated direct messages. The main feature includes the ability to manage and analyze multiple Twitter profiles, investigate current trends, auto post your tweets, auto follow targeted Twitter members.
For our purpose TweetAdder can help you to send tweets, reply to Twitter users that mention you and to send thank you messages to new followers.
Another very popular tool that allows you to send direct messages to multiple users at once. Getting started with Tweet Guru is easy. You have to connect it to your Twitter account. Now provide the Twitter IDs of the people you want to reach in the ID column. Now you are ready with the messaged to be sent to multiple followers. Click the “’end multi DM’ button once done.
Sending automated direct messages to multiple followers becomes easy with it as there is a limitation that using Twitter you can't send multiple messages directly. Tweet Guru can be used in mobile also.
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It is available in professional and free versions. Obviously the professional account includes more features, but you need to pay for it. At the time of starting you can use the free account.
Due to our time restriction we to reply to each and every tweet or to thank all your new followers individually. TweetManager is a tool that can help you send direct messages in bulk to your followers. Mostly it enables you to follow a user, reply to them, and even schedule future tweets and messages, among many other features. It is also very user-friendly and useful.
Share your comments if you have some more optional direct messaging tools for Twitter.

industry_corpus2: Computing & Telecommunications


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How a spider (nearly) stole Christmas.
Today I went to my local floristry suppliers and had to restrain myself from buying their entire Christmas department. I do tend to get a bit carried away. They have such an enchanting selection of sundries that I find it a real challenge to choose the decorations to use on the Gilliflower Christmas wreaths. Making it onto the shortlist this year (amongst other adornments) are dried chilli peppers, little robin red breasts, mini pumpkins, cinnamon sticks and pheasant feathers which will all be used to embellsih an abundant array of foliage and berries on wreaths, garlands and table arrangements.
When I got back to the Gilliflower workshop this afternoon, I started to move my festive floristry supplies out of storage in order to start Christmas preparations, surrounding myself with baubles, orange slices and jingle bells. I merrily put my hand into a box of fabric and pulled out not only an unfurling, elegant stream of candy cane ribbon but also the biggest, baddest spider with some of the fattest legs I have ever had the misfortune of meeting. For one hair raising minute I nearly called Christmastide off but I’m joyful and triumphant to say that my little friend has since found a new home down at the bottom of the garden.
If you would like a bespoke Gilliflower Christmas wreath and to be the envy of your neighbours this festive season, orders are now being taken. You can order yours via the Gilliflower contact form, Facebook or by texting 07849 355419. Delivery in the Colchester area available. Spider free guaranteed.

industry_corpus2: Agriculture & Fisheries


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industry_corpus2: Film & Entertainment


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industry_corpus2: Subject Education


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Perennials. Stems are solitary or clustered from a woody caudex or from short rhizomes. Typical height is from 2 to 3 feet. Branches are typically widely spreading, often perpendicular to the stem. Branch leaflets are often oriented toward the base of the branch (i.e., angled "backwards").
Flower heads are usually distributed along most of branch lengths. Flower heads are radiate. Rays are white. Disc floret corollas are very pale yellow or nearly translucent, turning pink/magenta with age. Disc corolla lobes are characteristically as long as or longer than the fused portion of the corollas. Involucral bracts are well-appressed. Dark green zones vary from oblanceolate to diamond-shaped.
Principal stem leaves vary from lance-linear or oblanceolate to ovate/elliptic, lacking petioles. Undersides of leaves are glabrous except along the midvein.
Plants of woods, clearings, roadsides, damp meadows, thickets. Flowers mid-August through September. Native..
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum is unique within the central New York region. In other parts of its range it may be mistaken for Symphyotrichum racemosum or S. ericoides, both of which also have very small heads and widely-spreading branches.


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Wall Street strategist Thomas Lee has formulated a new contrarian index, called the Bitcoin Misery Index, BMI, which can be helpful for traders. Lee is bullish on Bitcoin and has retained a year-end target of $25,000, which results in a gain of more than 160 percent from the current levels.
We believe it’s better to buy only after the cryptocurrencies stop falling because in a bear market people dump their holdings at ridiculous prices. So, let’s check if any of the digital currencies has formed a bottom.
Bitcoin broke below the critical support of $9,500, yesterday, March 09, and hit an intraday low of $9,000.02, which is just below the 50 percent Fibonacci retracement of the recent pullback from $6,075.04 to $12,172.43.
The bulls bought the dip and pushed prices back above $9,500. The BTC/USD pair is still not out of the woods because it is still trading inside the descending channel.
If the bulls sustain above the $9,500 levels, a range bound action is likely to ensue where we can expect the bulls and the bears to battle it out between $9,500 and $12,200 levels.
On the contrary, if the bears again break below yesterday’s low of $9,000.02, the price might fall towards 61.8 percent of the $8,404 retracement level.
We would like to see clarity and a support level holding before suggesting any trades.
Yesterday, Ethereum fell according to our expectation to $637.63, but currently, the bulls are attempting a pullback.
The ETH/USD pair is currently in a downtrend as the price is trading inside the descending channel and below both the moving averages. Any rebound from the current levels is likely to face selling pressure at one of these resistance zones.
It is bears’ advantage, until the bulls break out and sustain above these two overhead resistances.
We have been expecting Bitcoin Cash to correct to $950 levels since our previous two analyses, but the bulls have held on to the $1,000 levels. On March 9, the price rebounded from $989.8418.
Within the next couple of days, if the bulls fail to sustain above $1,150, chances are that the bears will attempt to sink the BCH/USD pair towards the next support of $854.
We will change our bearish view once the cryptocurrency rallies above $1,400.
We believe that Ripple is forming a large range. Yesterday, March 09, prices fell close to a lower end of the possible range.
On the downside, the level between $0.56270 and $0.695 is likely to act as strong support. This zone will hold unless there is news that might influence the market.
Traders can buy the dip in the XRP/USD pair towards the $0.60 levels. It is best to wait for prices to stabilize for four hours and then buy on the way up, rather than buy on the way down. The stops can be placed at $0.55.
The target is $1.22. This might turn out to be a roller coaster ride because trading inside the anticipated range will be volatile.
Stellar has broken below the $0.32 critical support, but it has not slumped as we had expected.
Right now the bulls are defending the $0.3 levels, but any pullback will face resistance at $0.32 and the 20-day EMA.
We should buy the cryptocurrency if it sustains above the $0.32 levels for a couple of days.
Litecoin broke and closed below the descending triangle on March 08, but the bulls quickly pushed the price back above $185 on March 09.
In case the bulls fail to sustain above $185, chances are that the LTC/USD pair will fall to $160 and then to $140 levels. As both moving averages have flattened out, we might see range-bound trading for a few days. Once we get the levels of the range, we may attempt to trade it.
Cardano isn’t looking strong. For the past two days, it has sustained below 0.00002460. The next support lies way lower at 0.00001690.
At the moment, the bulls and the bears are in a state of equilibrium. The intraday ranges have shrunk for the past two days. We may see a few days of small ranges; after that, we expect a large range day. It is still difficult to forecast whether the large range day will be on the upside or the downside.
We remain bearish on the ADA/BTC pair as long as it trades below the downtrend line and the 20-day EMA.
NEO has been under pressure from the bears, who are trying to break below the critical support zone of $86 to $93.
Yesterday, March 09, the NEO/USD pair fell to an intraday low of $78.92, but it closed above the support of $86.143. If the bulls fail to break above $93.5 levels, the bears will be back in action.
On the downside, the next support is the February 06 lows of $63.62. We may change our bearish view after the price sustains above the downtrend line.
Yesterday, EOS fell below the $5.7917 critical level, but it recovered and ended the day above the support level. Nevertheless, if the bulls fail to carry prices towards the $8 levels, there might be a breakdown.
On the downside, the next support is only at $3.65 levels. However, if the bulls hold the $5.97 levels, the EOS/USD pair is likely to become range bound.
We might start trading in the range once we have confirmation that the $5.97 level is holding.

industry_corpus2: Finance & Economics


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Authorities ideas guidelines that are privileged can allow one to increment factors that are unique, as an example, implement to death proportion, head-shot rate or marker precision charge.
A few spots may offer different tactics from different experts, that will provide an opportunity to choose a strategy that really works professionally foryou to you. There won't be two people that play with the exact same. If you find a fantastic steering, it's imaginable to became a Counterstrike success.
In game tenderness- this game's sensitivity is determined by the playing type you are going to use. Personally, I would advise until you are a master within this game, you to maintain the tenderness between 1 and 4.
Facts per-square inch -lots of people do not recognize the purpose of DPI’s within this game. In changing the tenderness of the sport from time to time for efficient play this attribute simply facilitates people. It's superior to set the DPI between 500 and 450.

industry_corpus2: Gaming


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A significant part of the 31 per cent vote for the BJP in 2014 was for "development politics" but that is not true in 2019 when a vote for the party will essentially mean supporting its "communal politics", says social activist and author Harsh Mander.
The author clarified that the BJP might not be the genesis of the existing communal hatred in the country but it did "legitimise, amplify and valorise" acts of violence.
"It is more than clear that we are going through a phase of jobless growth, economy is going through a difficult situation, agrarian crisis has only deepened, crony capitalism continues to mount, and the rupee is not doing very good either.
"So, now if someone continues to support PM Modi and his regime, there is no doubt that you are supporting him for his polarising communal politics and nothing else," Mander told PTI.
Election 2019 kicked off Thursday with elections being held in 91 constituencies across 20 states.
BJP's vote share in the last Lok Sabha elections was 31 per cent. It achieved an absolute majority with 282 seats out of 543, 166 more than the previous 15th Lok Sabha polls.
"It is not just about the legitimization of the lynching of Muslims, minorities and the attacks on churches... these are also considered acts of valour," Mander, who recently came out with a new book titled "Partition of the Hearts", said.
There were instances in the past five years, he added, where victims were made out to be criminals, and perpetrators were offered jobs and hailed as heroes.
Ravin Sisodia, who was one of the accused in the Dadri lynching case where a 52-year-old man was lynched to death on suspicion of cow slaughter, was draped in the tricolour after he died in judicial custody, Mander pointed out.
His fellow villagers claimed he deserved the honour because he had been martyred protecting "Hindu values".
However, Mander asserted that voting out the present regime was not the ultimate solution.
"The poison spread is very, very deep, and it will take a couple of generations to clean it out.
"With the change of regime we would get the space to acknowledge the problem, but it won't in itself solve the problem," he said.
As part of the Karwan-e-Mohabbat movement, Mander has been visiting families affected by hate violence across India since September 2017.
He uses stories from these journeys in his book to show how hate speech, communal propaganda and vigilante violence have been mounting a fearsome climate of dread in the country.
That hatred had been normalised in the day to day discourse, he noted, was evident in the ease with which people in present times aired their otherwise private "prejudices" on Whatsapp groups or other social gatherings.
"The hatred that was perhaps rooted deep in our heart and soul has now found its release under this government. To use a metaphor, it is as if heroin of hatred has been injected into the veins of our society," he said.
He recounted one such conversation on his IAS Whatsapp group right after the February 14 Pulwama attack.
One member said human rights workers and judges who appealed and accepted respectively the plea against the use of pellet guns in Kashmir deserved to be in the bus that was blown up.
"I told him I was one of the petitioners and that I qualified for his bus," Mander, a 1980 batch IAS officer who resigned in the wake of Gujarat riots in 2002, said.
In his book, Mander takes the conversation on communal politics forward, while arguing that hate can indeed be fought, but only with solidarity, reconciliation and love, and when all of these are founded on fairness.
Published by Penguin, the 235-page book "Partition of The Hearts" is priced at Rs 599.

industry_corpus2: Politics & Administration


text: The "Spike" by Paul Letourneau has a 3.5" CPM154 steel blade with a satin finish and a carbon fiber & od-green G-10 handle with nickel silver pins. For hard-use tactical and outdoor activities, the Spike delivers unmatched cutting performance and ergonomics. Large enough to handle the big tasks, yet versatile enough to handle smaller chores, there's not much that the Spike fixed blade can't do. Comes outfitted with a Kydex sheath.

industry_corpus2: Manufacturing


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Take fine ripe pippin or bell-flower apples. Pare and core them, and either leave them whole, or cut them into quarters.
Weigh them, and to each pound of apples allow a pound of loaf-sugar. Put the apples into a stew-pan with just water enough to cover them, and let them boil slowly for about half an hour. They must be only parboiled. Then strain the apple water over the sugar into a preserving kettle, and when the sugar is melted put it on the fire with the yellow rind of some lemons pared thin, allowing two lemons to a dozen apples. Boil the Syrup till clear and thick, skimming it carefully; then put in the apples, and after they have boiled slowly a quarter of an hour, add the juice of the lemons. Let it boil about fifteen minutes longer, or till the apples are tender and clear, but not till they break. When they are cold, put them into jars, and covering them closely, let them set a week. At the end of that time give them another boil in the same syrup; apples being more difficult to keep than any other fruit.
You may colour them red by adding, when you boil them in the syrup, a little cochineal.


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A Social Life is a party planning and event design company. From luxurious upscale events harkening to a more elegant time to cozy gatherings with a specific theme, our goal of creating a warm and unique experience is always met and many times exceeded. We bring our clients dreams of an unforgettable event into reality and leave their guests inspired and entertained. We honor our clients and their guests with our exquisite service and attention to detail. Dependability, consistency and open communication are the keys to our success and the essential elements of our preferred vendors. A desire to see people connect and engage in an intimate and beautiful setting motivates us to bring everyone what they deserve: A Social Life.
© A Social Lifestyle, Inc.

industry_corpus2: Hospitality & Catering


text: Per´s comments: Very dark brown, creamy beige head. Vinegary and plastic. Fairly light bodied. I can barely sense some earthy malt underneath the heavy citric infected sour flavours. Obviously problematic.

industry_corpus2: Others


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CURTIS LeGEYT has been promoted to EVP/Government Relations for the NAB by Pres./CEO GORDON SMITH. LeGEYT, who was previously SVP/Public Policy, will replace KELLY COLE, who is leaving AUGUST 14th to start an independent consulting firm. In this new post, LeGEYT will oversee all advocacy efforts of the department.
LeGeyt joined NAB in 2011 after serving as senior counsel to SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE Chairman PATRICK LEAHY from VERMONT. Hia areas of expertise included Intellectual Property, Antitrust and First Amendment issues. Last year, LeGEYT was given the additional responsibility of being the NAB’s principal liaison to the WHITE HOUSE and executive agencies and departments.
"NAB is fortunate to have someone with CURTIS' intellect, work ethic and CAPITOL HILL savvy to assume the leadership of the NAB Government Relations department,” said NAB's SMITH. “His grasp of substantive policy issues is superb, and his consensus building style will serve NAB membership exceedingly well."


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Home » Delhi Sultanate , Monument , Qutab Minar » Who completed the Qutab Minar?
Who completed the Qutab Minar?
Q. Who completed the Qutab Minar?
The Qutub Minar (Hindi: कुतुब मिनार, Urdu: قطب مینار) is a minaret that forms a part of the Qutab complex, a UNESCO World Heritage Sitein the Mehrauli area of Delhi, India. Qutub Minar is a 73-metre (239.5 feet) tall tapering tower of five storeys, with a 14.3 metres (47 feet) base diameter, reducing to 2.7 metres (9 feet) at the peak. It contains a spiral staircase of 379 steps. Its design is thought to have been based on the Minaret of Jam, in western Afghanistan.
Qutab Ud-Din-Aibak, founder of the Delhi Sultanate, started construction of the Qutub Minar's first storey around 1192. In 1220, Aibak's successor and son-in-law Iltutmish completed a further three storeys. In 1369, a lightning strike destroyed the top storey. Firoz Shah Tughlaq replaced the damaged storey, and added one more.
It derived its name from the Sufi saint Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar Quaki whom Qutab Ud-Din-Aibak worshiped. The Minar is surrounded by several historically significant monuments of the Qutab complex, including Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, which was built at the same time as the Minar, and the much older Iron Pillar of Delhi. The nearby pillared Cupola known as "Smith's Folly" is a remnant of the tower's 19th century restoration, which included an ill-advised attempt to add a sixth storey.
Thanks for reading Who completed the Qutab Minar?

industry_corpus2: Real Estate & Construction


text: The Shadow Super Slim Knee pads are just that - super slim and perfect for that added protection you need, without all the bulk usually associated with knee pads. We designed these to fit cleanly under our Strike slim and Vultus skinny jeans, but still offering protection from impacts and abrasions. Featuring a removable ABS cup for full customization of your protection - leave it in for the max, or take out for a ‘gasket’ style vibe. Knee protection at its finest.


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ROFU International Corporation provides excellent product line to meet a versatile requirement of build projects for superior and dependable access control. Products offered by ROFU are designed in line with customer requirements and they offer a novel interface with its smooth integration and outstanding performance.
Hafele presents a seamless avenue to enjoy freedom from mundane products while you enjoy the highest fidelity. These Hafele products help you enjoy classic interface of space optimization. Selecting Hafele for your build project is always enticing and rewarding too. Versatility of these Hafele solutions helps to add flair in terms of the functional and aesthetic excellence.
Hansgrohe is a name associated with the finest showering solutions ever designed and manufactured in the industry. Premier products like Urquiola Bath Tub change all the conventional paradigms of bathing adding a brand new definition to it. The change is inevitable and in fact, it is too exciting to handle with Hansgrohe and its mind-blowing products.
CRL the preeminent manufacturer of state of the art architectural hardware products offers a superior gateway to channelize exceptional door handling in versatility of build projects. Experience of using CRL products is astounding and satisfying in every sense. Meeting ever-demanding requirements of modern architecture is viable only when CRL products integrate in the project.


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Tuesday, April 30th | 6:30p Registration | 7:15p Cards Fly!
Lady luck can be on your side. Join us for an evening of good friends, good fun and friendly gambling. You don't have to go to Vegas or be a member of the Beth Am Men's Club to enjoy this night.
Early Bird registration has been extended till April 14th at midnight!


text: Aaron Kitchen & Bath Design Gallery is proud to present this bone finished floor mounted bidet, by Toto. The BT930B#03 is made from premium materials, this Floor Mounted Bidet offers great function and value for your home. This fixture is part of Toto's decorative Lloyd Collection, so make sure to check out other modern fixtures to accessorize your room.


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Rivergate Corporate Center is a multi-phase project for which Mackenzie has provided ongoing planning, design, and engineering services. Planning work included coordination and applications with the Port of Portland and City of Portland.
Phase I, completed more than 10 years ago, included Building A (338,125 SF) and Building B (150,000 SF), and sits on 23 acres. Phase II, completed 2003, includes a 402,450 SF building occupied by Georgia Pacific, a manufacturer of consumer paper products. Its amenities include 30’ ceiling clearance heights, room for trailer storage, and upgraded fire sprinklers. In recent years, a 202,450 SF expansion was added, increasing the building to 604,900 SF.
Phase III is a 113-acre industrial park development master planned for six to seven industrial distribution buildings for a total of over 2,000,000 SF. Building A (573,240 SF), completed in 2008, earned LEED Silver certification. This building was designed with ceiling clearance heights of 32’, ESFR sprinklers system, and ample loading dock areas and trailer storage spaces to create a state-of-the-art industrial distribution center.
Phase IV build-out consists of a 413,700 SF facility with a 32’ clear height, designed as a build-to-suit for Subaru of America as a parts warehouse and distribution center. It includes 8,000 SF of regional offices and a 4,000 SF training center. The project was completed in fall 2011, and achieved LEED Silver certification.


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What a ball! Last week’s Artist Ball at the Brooklyn Museum was a complete success, raising more than $1.7 million for the Institution. The event was completely sold out, drawing a crowd of more than 1,200 people from the worlds of art, entertainment, finance and more. This year’s honorees were Alicia Keys and museum trustee Kasseem “Swizz Beatz” Dean. This much-anticipated annual artist-centric affair is the museum’s biggest fundraiser.
Shelby White and Leon Levy Museum Director Anne Pasternak kicked off the evening and rapped the names of all artists present at the event. Onstage, they introduced shared comments about the honorees. “Kasseem’s visionary scope of music and amazing support of artists through The Dean Collection, and Alicia’s commitment to nurturing healthy communities and providing creative mentorship underscores the Brooklyn Museum’s important message,” they stated. It’s all about the Brooklyn Museum’s belief that individuals and organizations can come together to produce the change that they want to see and be in the world.
During the ’50s and ’60s, The Isley Brothers always showed up styling to shows and events, sharply dressed with their canes, fabulous suits and furs. Even today, you can catch Ronald Isley smartly attired. Dean is simply carrying on the tradition of well-dressed African-American men, setting a standard for today’s young men.
The opening reception included cocktails in the museum’s lobby. DJ Runna rocked the place and filled the space with swinging sounds throughout the evening. Some guests were treated to specially created hair accessories, hair styling or body painting appointments in artist Swoon’s Pearly Beauty Shop. The Norm, the museum’s restaurant, doubled as a VIP lounge, where guests snapped up shots at a Polaroid photo opportunity with Philip Leeds. The delicious dinner was served in the Beaux Arts Court, designed by David Stark. The environmental design atmosphere was created in varying shades of blue that tied into the event’s theme, “Infinite Blue.” During dinner, there was an entertaining performance by singer/cellist, Kelsey Lu. After dinner, folks danced the night away. Of course, DJ Runna was joined by co-honoree Swizz Beats for some ’90s hip-hop and house music.
Philanthropists and social figures included Stephanie and Tim Ingrassia, Beth Rudin DeWoody, Shelby White and Andrew Cogan, CEO of Knoll, along with event chairs Sarah Arison, Henry Elsesser, Miyoung Lee and Carla Shen.


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“Because” is a magic idea that immediately and innately provides reasoning and a rationale that can help the artistic heart gain insight into the mind of a critical, yet hopeful, audience.
Because is a great word, David. It works on so many levels because it forces more thinking. I like this story. Because….
Yes! “Because…” also helps get us away from the “like” and “don’t like” syndrome of meaningless feedback and criticism.
Right David, “why” works…always. Because it helps us to think beyond the immediate perspective.
Yes, “why” is good as a follow up inquiry, but “why” — as is — doesn’t fit into my sentence examples. SMILE!
Ekev – because. It’s also my favorite word. It leads to alot of lessons.

industry_corpus2: Literature & Emotions


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To deck the breast of Caroline.
So gentle and so pure.
It warns me of my coming death.
Oh, murther, but that was a jew'l!
He made of de girls, dis O'Toole.


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"Apogee is a literary journal specializing in art and literature that engage with issues of identity politics: race, gender, sexuality, class, and hyphenated identities. We currently produce a biannual issue featuring fiction, nonfiction, poetry, and visual art. Our goal is to publish exciting work that interrogates the status quo, providing a platform for unheard voices, including emerging writers of color.
The word “apogee” denotes the point in an object’s orbit that is farthest from the center. Our mission combines literary aesthetic with political activism. We believe that by elevating underrepresented literary voices we can effect real change: change in readers’ attitudes, change in writers’ positions in literature, and broader change in society."


text: Powder metal technology is an alternative manufacturing method for the series-production of gears. But the properties of PM and regular steel gears differ. Especially the values for Young’s Modulus, Poisson’s Ratio and the hardness are smaller, the surface is densified and the tolerance zone is wider. Since PM gears are not state of the art yet, the properties for these gears are not taken into account by regular tooth contact analysis software. In order to design gears for the manufacturing with PM technology which will show good noise and bearing behaviour, the design has to be tested by tooth contact analysis software that takes the PM characteristics into account. This paper shows the program ZaKo3D of WZL which is able to take the characteristics into account using a FE-based approach. Using ZaKo3D a case study for the design of the micro geometry of an automotive PM gear was carried out. This study, including the PM gear modelling, the sensitivity analysis and the derivation of flank modifications is presented in the paper.

industry_corpus2: Automobiles


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Three years ago, after closing Road to Mandalay, her Burmese restaurant in SoHo, Irene Khin Wong went to Southeast Asia to travel throughout the region, sampling its foods, and to do consulting work for restaurants and hotels in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Last summer she returned to New York, and in December she founded Saffron 59, at 59 Fourth Avenue (Ninth Street), a caterer specializing in the foods of Southeast Asia.
The menu lists nearly 100 dishes suitable for small dinners or large receptions. Among them are Vietnamese spring rolls with shrimp, Hanoi pho soup with cellophane noodles, Cambodian ginger fish salad, Burmese beef curry with roasted potatoes, Malaysian shrimp in pineapple sauce, Thai green chicken curry and Singapore rice sticks.
Desserts blend East and West, with confections like coconut creme brulee, mango sorbet with lemon grass syrup and apricot-ginger biscotti. For parties booked this month for dates through Aug. 15, Saffron 59 is offering a 15 percent discount. Information: (212) 253-1343.
What's in That Caviar Tin?
Regulations aimed at curtailing the black market in caviar go into effect today. The Federal Fish and Wildlife Service will require that tins of caviar carry labels showing that the roe was obtained in compliance with an agreement signed by 144 nations to protect the declining stocks of sturgeon.
The Fish and Wildlife Service will also begin sampling imported caviar at random for DNA testing at a laboratory in Ashland, Ore., to see whether the stuff in the $400 tin labeled beluga is actually the high-price spread.
And for the first time, some caviar importers have agreed to cooperate: they have formed a trade group to support the efforts to protect the sturgeon and the consumer.
Partnerships between wineries in California and in other countries, notably France, Italy and Spain, have existed for years.
Now, an Italian winemaker, Piero Antinori, the head of his family's 600-year-old winery in Tuscany, has joined with Chateau Ste. Michelle in Woodinville, Wash., to make a red wine, Col Solare.
It is made in the Columbia River Valley of Washington from American grapes, but the Italians lent their expertise and also gave the wine its name. A blend of cabernet sauvignon, merlot and syrah, it has been made in limited quantities, just 1,500 cases a year. The first vintages, 1995 and 1996, will be released next year.
To simplify the planning and marketing for Easter dinner on April 12, Marche aux Delices, an importer and distributor of fancy produce and other foods, has assembled a seasonal market basket with enough food for six guests. It includes a leg of spring lamb, a pound each of fresh morels and white asparagus, half a pound of fiddlehead ferns or ramps (wild leeks), fresh rosemary, couscous, a sauce base, wine jelly, a French melon or some mache, and a recipe for the lamb with the morels. The price is $110, plus shipping. Two days' notice is required. To order: (888) 547-5471.
For the first time, Whole Foods Markets, 2421 Broadway (89th Street) and 117 Prince Street (Greene Street), has shmurah matzoh made of oat flour, for people allergic to wheat. The matzoh, which has a bland, oaty flavor and lacks the crispness of wheat matzoh, is made in Israel from oats grown in Scotland and milled in England. A one-pound box is $18.95. The oat matzoh is also available for $16 a pound at Mrs. Green's Natural Markets in Scarsdale, Mount Kisco and Mahopac, N.Y. The Whole Foods Markets also sell regular shmurah matzoh made in Brooklyn for $14.95 a box, with $1 of the price earmarked for the Simon Wiesenthal Center in Los Angeles.


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Happy birthday mate! Hope you have a good one.
Happy Birthday ~ Hope you've been having a great day!
oh hey, I noticed you're in Toronto? the weather is consistently garbage but it's a neat place. either way, what do you think about it?
Yeah, I got myself a new internal fan and a external fan on the way and some thermal paste to fix a little bit of my PS4 up. and i installed the fan and such, but i messed up the bluray drive, soooooo I gotta find out what i did wrong and fix the problem. GOOD THING I PLAY MOSTLY DIGITAL GAMES lol.
What about you? you enjoying it?
If I'm on PC, I'm probably procrastinating.
Hello! My name is Erica and I have been a member of PC for literally more than half of my life (which is a long time when you're my age). I used to be known as Lightning.
I play a lot of video games and am always up for talking about my favourites. I've listed all that stuff below so please don't be shy about coming into my VMs and jumping right into a discussion about anything we're mutually interested in. No need for formalities or small talk, you can just pretend we've known each other for years. :) I don't bite!
Kingdom Hearts (BBS♥♥♥, COM, KHUX), Final Fantasy (VI, X-2, Dissidia), Tales of Series (Destiny♥, Xillia♥, Berseria♥, spinoffs), The World Ends With You (Pi Face♥), Ace Attorney, Assassin's Creed, Ghost Trick, Professor Layton, Okami, Hatoful Boyfriend, Rakuen, Left 4 Dead, Puzzle Agent, Portal, To the Moon, Picross, ....oh! and Pokémon, of course.
Anyone need a website done..?
The manly men on the Staff Admin team get this handsome emblem.
For those of us who can't seem to figure out what we are and confuse the rest of the community along with them, this emblem is awarded to you.
This member rang in the new year at Pokécommunity.
This member has done some kind of service to PC; Or maybe they help out other members whenever they get the chance.
For those who contribute to the work on the PokéCommunity's forum styles and contribute effort to the community's appearance in the process.
The self proclaimed number one fan of _____. My god, you're obsessed!
Hmm... is this good? Or bad? As a matter of fact, why don't we get to know what it's for?
Congratulations! You got a shoe. Keep being awesome and you might get the pair.
This member helped us celebrate the start of a new decade.
i Drew you a heart.
You wake up to find this by your bed. Spill your morning coffee on this note, and I'll probably cry.
Hahaha! This person is [b]such[/i] a good proofreader.
You nerded out over E3 on PC!
Got a question 'bout PC? Can't finish your math homework? Wonder about the meaning to life? These members probably know the answer. Then again, it's probably just 42.
Mijumaru wants to give you a consolidation hug! You participated in the Generation 5 Drawoff and sadly didn't place but wow your art was really good.
I'M A WATERMELON! I'M A WATERMELON!
Don't be a sour grape. Be a watermelon instead!
This member joined us in celebrating the turn into 2011!
Who's that nüb in PokéCommunity Live? A regular? Who was once a nüb but now stays around? Awesome. Join the list of ascended nübs!
You could say you're the Ultimate Helper, the Personal Savior, the Alternative Hero, perhaps? Whatever you are, you're alright in my books/backpack.
You submitted art to the PokeCommunity's Art Pokedex! Thanks so much!
Our specially trained chefs ops have noticed that this chatter is a quality talker. Proof is in the pudding—PokéCommunity Live's stats. Congratulations!
"You can't change the past, you can only change yourself"
Love is in the air... you've been with your pair for over a year, congrats!
This user celebrated their birthday on PC. Congrats to you!
This user has referred at least 5 of their friends to our community. Thanks for spreading the word!
i hope so bc i'm about to dump a bunch of cat photos here bc i havent introduced my cat to pc yet.
he follows me from room to room and meows at me to turn the tap on for him and he likes to go for walks outside.
Part of me wonders if people who keep up with me off of PC will even really register my name change...? So many people associate ME with the name Cherrim before even the Pokémon that it wouldn't surprise me if everyone forgot it wasn't my name here too.
I would never have made it out of my room this morning without this detailed step-by-step solution.
It's been a while and I was really inactive last month and I feel bad about it. So here's what I've been up to.


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I first got into Neon Genesis Evangelion in the late 90's and I've always wanted to create a site to its characters in one way or another. In 1998, I attempted to create a shrine to all five pilots but the project was far too time consuming so I ended up focusing on my favourite: Asuka. In November 2002, I had almost a complete fan site for Asuka created but for some reason, I never finished it and it never saw light of day.
When I got back into creating fan sites as a hobby, reviving my Asuka project was always at the back of my mind. In September 2016, I began working on it once again. While I decided to keep the same title for the site, the scope of the project is much larger than it used to be but it's still backed by the same love for the character that I had nearly twenty years ago.
I chose to focus primarily on Asuka as she is in the original Neon Genesis Evangelion tv series as this is the original basis for all other versions of her character. The site currently features some information about Asuka as she is in the Rebuild of Evangelion films and in the future, I hope to include information about her as she is in the manga as well. Maybe if I'm ambitious enough, I'll even include all of the other spin-offs one day!
As for the title of the site, "esprit" is the quality of being lively and vivacious. Asuka is the most lively and animated character in Evangelion by far so I felt that "espirt" perfectly captured her essence.