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Permit the Search Engine Optimization Service professionals at My Media Pal to assist you with your small business in Sayville, NY. We currently possess the ability to handle any kind of company large or little. Choosing the correct firm to count on and work with can be a tricky task in Sayville. Our team of specialists at My Media Pal are qualified to bring the absolute best end results regarding your small business online. To find out more call one of our partners to receive an immediate free quote for your organization in Sayville, NY.
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Do you need to work with a SEO service company if you have a small business in Sayville, New York?
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Are you generating any sort of revenues on the net?
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The things to do before working with a Search Engine Optimization company?
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 "Menus: Stacey’s Homemade Soup Of The Day". Stacey's at Waterford. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. Atttributed to Adams by "About Us". Stacey's at Waterford. Retrieved on 2008-01-14.
A grand old Neptune in the prow, Gray-hair'd, and white with touch of time, Yet strong as in his middle prime; A grizzled king, I see him now, With beard as blown by wind of seas, And wild and white as white sea-storm, Stand up, turn suddenly, look back Along the low boat's wrinkled track, Then fold his mantle round a form Broad-built as any Hercules, And so sit silently.
Not that I think much depends On how we treat our feathered friends, Or hold the wrinkled elephant A nobler creature than my aunt. It's simply that I'm sure I can Get on without my fellow man.
 Ogden Nash, Poem: À Bas Ben Adhem.
Grim-visag'd war hath smoothed his wrinkled front.

industry_corpus2: Others


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The 2013 Pennsylvania Farm Show just completed a week-long celebration of agriculture in Pennsylvania with exhibits, lots of food, animal exhibits and judging (over 6,000 animals), special events and then there is always the butter sculpture. This year’s butter sculpture focused on Pennsylvania’s products.
The PA Farm Show is the largest indoor agricultural event in America with over 400,000 visitors each year. The show includes 10,000 competitive exhibits and 270 commercial exhibitors.
A highlight of the Farm Show is that each state agricultural group is selling its products in the food court such as the Pork Producers, Potato Growers, Fruit Growers, Livestock Association, Mushroom Growers, Maple Syrup Producers and many more. I enjoyed one of the 100,000 milkshakes sold by the Pennsylvania Dairymen’s Association.
The Farm Show is a wonderful opportunity to enjoy and support the state’s large agricultural community.
whoa!! That is amazing! Wish I could drop in to see it all.

industry_corpus2: Agriculture & Fisheries


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During the WW1 he flew 101 combat sorties. After the war end he served with RAF until retired in 1932.
Airco DH.4 [ 2 ].

industry_corpus2: Aerospace


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Thank you so much for coming to us in search of “Ethereum Classic Mining Os” online. Cryptocurrency is freeing people to transact cash and do business on their terms. Each user can send and receive payments in the same way, but in addition they take part in more elaborate smart contracts. Multiple signatures enable a trade to be supported by the network, but where a certain number of a defined group of people consent to sign the deal, blockchain technology makes this possible. This allows advanced dispute mediation services to be developed in the future. These services could enable a third party to approve or reject a trade in the event of disagreement between the other parties without checking their cash. Unlike cash and other payment procedures, the blockchain consistently leaves public proof that a transaction happened. This can be potentially used in a appeal against companies with deceptive practices. Since one of the oldest forms of earning money is in money financing, it truly is a fact you could do that with cryptocurrency. Most of the giving websites now focus on Bitcoin, Some of these websites you might be required fill in a captcha after a certain time frame and are rewarded with a small amount of coins for seeing them. You are able to see the www.cryptofunds.co web site to find some lists of of these websites to tap into the currency of your choice. Unlike forex, stocks and options, etc., altcoin markets have very different dynamics. New ones are constantly popping up which means they don’t have a lot of market data and historical outlook for you to backtest against. Most altcoins have fairly poor liquidity as well and it is hard to produce a fair investment strategy.
It’s certainly possible, but it must be able to understand opportunities no matter market behavior. The market moves in relation to cost BTC … So even if it’s in a BTC trend down can make money by purchasing the altcoins which are altcoin oversold trading ratios-BTC. Sure, your purchasing power in DOLLARS may be lower, but as long as your purchasing power in BTC is still growing you’ll be fine. The transactions of Bitcoins are recorded in ledgers which are referred to as Blockchains. The ledgers use exceptionally complicated technology for them to work. The thought is quite straightforward than you believe. The Blockchain enables two parties to create a smart contract. The contract can be created between two businesses in a platform known You may run a search on the web. First learn, then models, indicators and most importantly practice looking at old charts and pick out trends. Anytime you commence to keep a trading diary screenshots and your comment/forecast. Precisely what is the best way to get confident with charts IMHO. Oh certainly, and don’t fool yourself into thinking that you get the uptrend will never drop! Always will go down! Viewers incremental profits are more reliable and profitable (most times) It should be challenging to get more modest increases (~ 10%) throughout the day. Study the best way to read these Candlestick charts! And I found these two rules to be true: having modest increases is more lucrative than attempting to resist up to the peak. Most day traders follow Candlestick, so it’s better to take a look at books than wait for order confirmation when you think the price is going down. Second, there’s more unpredictability and reward in monies that never have made it to the profitability of websites like Coinwarz. Entrepreneurs in the cryptocurrency movement may be wise to research possibilities for making massive ammonts of money with various forms of online marketing.There could be a rich reward for anyone daring enough to endure the cryptocurrency markets.Bitcoin design provides an informative example of how one might make a lot of money in the cryptocurrency markets. Bitcoin is an amazing intellectual and technical accomplishment, and it’s generated an avalanche of editorial coverage and venture capital investment opportunities. But very few people understand that and miss out on very profitable business models made available due to the growing use of blockchain technology. When searching forEthereum Classic Mining Os, there are many things to think of.
Click here to visit our home page and learn more about Ethereum Classic Mining Os. A lot of people prefer to use a currency deflation, notably those that desire to save. Despite the criticism and disbelief, a cryptocurrency coin may be better suited for some applications than others. Fiscal seclusion, for instance, is excellent for political activists, but more debatable as it pertains to political campaign financing. We need a secure cryptocurrency for use in commerce; if you’re living pay check to pay check, it’d happen included in your wealth, with the rest earmarked for other currencies. The physical Internet backbone that carries information between the various nodes of the network is currently the work of a number of companies called Internet service providers (ISPs), including companies that provide long distance pipelines, sometimes at the international level, regional local pipe, which finally joins in families and businesses. The physical connection to the Internet can only occur through one of these ISPs, players like amount 3, Cogent, and IBM AT&T. Each ISP runs its own network. Internet service providers Exchange IXPs, owned or private businesses, and sometimes by Authorities, make for each of these networks to be interconnected or to move messages across the network. Many ISPs have agreements with providers of physical Internet backbone providers to offer Internet service over their networks for “last mile”-consumers and companies who desire to get Internet connectivity. Internet protocols, followed by everyone in the network causes it to be possible for the info to stream without interruption, in the correct location at the right time.
While none of these organizations “owns” the Internet collectively these businesses decide how it operates, and recognized rules and standards that everyone stays. Contracts and legal framework that underlies all that is occurring to discover how things work and what happens if something goes wrong. To get a domain name, for instance, one needs consent from a Registrar, which includes a contract with ICANN. To connect to the Internet, your ISP must be physical contracts with providers of Internet backbone services, and suppliers have contracts with IXPs from the Internet backbone for connecting to and with her. Concern over security dilemmas? A working group is formed to work on the problem and the solution developed and deployed is in the interest of most parties. If the Internet is down, you’ve got someone to phone to get it fixed. If the issue is from your ISP, they in turn have contracts in place and service level agreements, which govern the manner in which these problems are solved.
The advantage of cryptocurrency is that it uses blockchain technology. The network of nodes the make up the blockchain is not regulated by any focused firm. No one can tell the miners to update, speed up, slow down, stop or do anything. And that is something that as a dedicated promoter badge of honor, and is identical to the way the Internet works. But as you comprehend now, public Internet governance, normalities and rules that govern how it works present built-in difficulties to the user. Blockchain technology has none of that. For most users of cryptocurrencies it is not necessary to comprehend how the procedure works in and of itself, but it is basically vital that you comprehend that there is a procedure for mining to create virtual currency. Unlike monies as we know them now where Authorities and banks can only choose to print endless amounts (I ‘m not saying they’re doing so, just one point), cryptocurrencies to be managed by users using a mining software, which solves the sophisticated algorithms to release blocks of monies that can enter into circulation. Ethereum is an incredible cryptocurrency platform, yet, if growth is too fast, there may be some issues. If the platform is adopted quickly, Ethereum requests could improve dramatically, and at a rate that exceeds the rate with which the miners can create new coins. Under a situation like this, the entire stage of Ethereum could become destabilized because of the raising costs of running distributed programs. In turn, this could dampen interest Ethereum stage and ether. Uncertainty of demand for ether can lead to a negative change in the economic parameters of an Ethereum based company which could lead to company being unable to continue to manage or to cease operation. If you are looking for Ethereum Classic Mining Os, look no further than BITCOIN.
Here is the coolest thing about cryptocurrencies; they usually do not physically exist everywhere, not even on a hard drive. When you take a look at a special address for a wallet featuring a cryptocurrency, there is no digital information held in it, like in the exact same way that the bank could hold dollars in a bank account. It truly is only a representation of worth, but there is no actual palpable kind of that worth. Cryptocurrency wallets may not be seized or frozen or audited by the banks and the law. They do not have spending limits and withdrawal limitations imposed on them. No one but the person who owns the crypto wallet can decide how their riches will be managed. Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, LiteCoin, Ether, YOCoin, and many others have been designed as a non-fiat currency. Put simply, its backers contend that there’s “real” value, even through there is no physical representation of that value. The value rises due to computing power, that’s, is the lone way to create new coins distributed by allocating CPU power via computer programs called miners. Miners create a block after a time period which is worth an ever diminishing amount of money or some sort of reward in order to ensure the shortfall. Each coin consists of many smaller units. For Bitcoin, each component is called a satoshi. Once created, each Bitcoin (or 100 million satoshis) exists as a cipher, that is part of the block that gave rise to it. The blockchain is where the public record of all trades dwells.
The fact that there’s little evidence of any growth in the utilization of virtual money as a currency may be the reason why there are minimal attempts to regulate it. The reason behind this could be just that the market is too little for cryptocurrencies to justify any regulatory effort. It truly is also possible that the regulators simply don’t comprehend the technology and its consequences, awaiting any developments to act. In case of the fully functioning cryptocurrency, it may perhaps be traded as a thing. Supporters of cryptocurrencies say that this form of electronic income isn’t handled by way of a fundamental bank system and it is not therefore subject to the vagaries of its inflation. Since there are a minimal variety of goods, this coinis value is based on market forces, allowing entrepreneurs to deal over cryptocurrency exchanges. Mining cryptocurrencies is how new coins are put into circulation. Because there’s no government control and crypto coins are digital, they cannot be printed or minted to make more. The mining process is what produces more of the coin. It may be useful to think of the mining as joining a lottery group, the pros and cons are the same. Mining crypto coins means you will get to keep the total rewards of your efforts, but this reduces your odds of being successful. Instead, joining a pool means that, overall, members will have a greater possibility of solving a block, but the benefit will be divided between all members of the pool, based on the number of “shares” won.
If you are thinking of going it alone, it’s worth noting that the applications configuration for solo mining can be more complicated than with a pool, and beginners would be likely better take the latter path. This alternative also creates a stable stream of revenue, even if each payment is modest compared to entirely block the reward. The sweetness of the cryptocurrencies is the fact that scam was proved an impossibility: due to the dynamics of the process where it is transacted. All deals over a crypto currency blockchain are permanent. As soon as you’re paid, you get paid. This is simply not something short-term wherever your visitors can dispute or require a discounts, or use illegal sleight of hand. Used, many investors would be a good idea to make use of a payment processor, because of the permanent dynamics of crypto currency dealings, you have to make certain that security is difficult. With any form of crypto currency whether it be a bitcoin, ether, litecoin, or any of the numerous other altcoins, thieves and hackers may potentially access your personal tips and therefore take your cash. However, you almost certainly will never have it back. It’s quite crucial for you really to embrace some great safe and sound techniques when working with any cryptocurrency. Doing so will protect you from most of these bad events.

industry_corpus2: Finance & Economics


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What does your dog love more: your smiling face or a fresh bowl of processed meat goo? A new study from Emory University suggests that praise more than pulls its weight against Kibbles and Bits.
Will moving scar your kids for life?
Pull Over. Now Hand Me Your Phone.


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Last summer, I reported on local Steampulp Publishing and its electronic pulp fiction magazine, Steampunk Tales.
Yesterday, company founder John Sondericker III announced release of the 10th issue of Steampunk Tales.
"Having published our 10th issue is a cause for celebration. We are very thankful to the community of devoted fans that have given us so much enthusiastic support. As the era of the eBook continues to emerge we look forward to providing our readers the very best and most exciting fiction available, and at an unbelievable price. Having a solid back catalog of 10 great issues offers any steampunk or pulp adventure fan an enormous amount of content to sink their teeth into."
This issue includes part nine of G.D. Falksen's An Unfortunate Engagement, and costs just $2.99 for an edition you can read on just about any computer, smartphone or eBook reader.

industry_corpus2: Literature & Emotions


text: A Secure Element (SE) is a tamper-resistant platform (typically a one chip secure microcontroller with a microprocessor) capable of securely hosting applications and their confidential and cryptographic data (e.g. key management) in accordance with the rules and security requirements set forth by a set of well-identified trusted authorities. There are three different form factors of SE: Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC), embedded SE and microSD. Both the UICC and microSD are removable. Each form factor links to a different business implementation and satisfies a different market need.

industry_corpus2: Computing & Telecommunications


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While terming this to be "gender" is not accurate, as bell pepper plants are hermaphroditic, this does appear to be a method used to identify which type of bell pepper is best for each purpose - either cooking, eating raw or for seed collection.
There is a simple method for identifying which bell pepper has the traits you desire. Look on the underside of the pepper, the ones with four bumps are "female" and those with three bumps are "male". The ones termed "female" peppers, or those with more bumps, contain more seeds and will be used largely for collection of seeds and replanting (hence "female"), but are also sweeter and better for eating raw. The ones with three or fewer bumps are better for cooking and contain fewer seeds.


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Borge Mogensen was one of the most important among a generation of furniture designers who made the concept of “Danish design” known throughout the world. Together with colleagues such as Arne Jacobsen and Hans Wegner, Mogensen created international respect for Danish furniture design, and his simple and functional designs have for more than half a century enjoyed worldwide demand. He trained at the School of Arts and crafts and at the Furniture School of the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts (1936-42). Between 1942 and 1950, he was head of FDB´s furniture design studio, but left to found his own design studio in 1950. During his time with Kaare Klint, Mogensen fostered a deep commitment to producing classical, simple and highly functional furniture. He also became interested in researching contemporary lifestyles, in order to develop domestic objects that are customized for specific uses. Continuing Klint’s innovative studies in how the size and proportion of objects should influence their design, Mogensen, collaborating with Grethe Meyer, produced a project in 1954 called the Boligens Byggeskabe (Construction Cupboards of the House), which introduced the idea of building shelving and storage units as part of a room, rather than purchasing and placing them in the space.
Mogensen did studies to determine the standard measures for common objects, such as cutlery and shirts, and how many of each item the average person owned. With this information he developed a set of figures for the base width and depth of drawers and shelves, and his information tables were published as a manual on building storage systems.
Between 1955 and 1967 he worked on the related “Øresund” shelving series that took on the mammoth task of solving every storage need that could arise in the modern home. By the end of the decade Mogensen had re-embraced a more straightforward functionalism, a redesigned “Spanish” chair in 1959 was praised for its elegance and materials. Mogensen also collaborated extensively with weaver Lis Ahlmann on textile designs, and after Klint’s death in 1954, succeeded him as designer to the Danish Museum of Decorative Art.

industry_corpus2: Manufacturing


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One of the ways in which government can help address the economic hardship we face today is through increased investment in public infrastructure. Investing in infrastructure creates needed construction-related jobs now and literally builds a foundation for economic growth and job creation over the long-term. This means making investments needed to maintain our existing infrastructure – roads, bridges, schools, public housing, etc. – and it means making investments in new types of infrastructure needed to support economic growth in the 21st century – clean energy and energy efficiency, broadband expansion, life sciences, etc.
At the national level, President Obama is working with Congress, Governor Patrick and the nation’s other Governors to develop a federal economic stimulus package that will, among other things, provide billions of dollars to states for infrastructure investments like those described above. This funding is expected to be targeted to projects that can start quickly to increase the job-creation impact of the investments over the near term. In anticipation of this influx of federal funding, the Patrick-Murray Administration has already begun to plan and mobilize to ensure that the funding is used promptly for needed projects throughout the Commonwealth.
At the state level, the Patrick-Murray Administration is well aligned with the direction being contemplated by the new administration. One of the Governor’s top priorities since taking office has been to reverse years of neglect of our public infrastructure by increasing the level of state capital investment. Over the last year, the Governor worked in partnership with the Legislature to conclude the most productive legislative session in state history with respect to the authorization of capital investments for high-priority public infrastructure projects. Since this Administration took office, there have been 10 bond bills enacted into law, authorizing funding for the capital investments reflected in the five-year plan recently published and available at mass.gov/capital. The capital investments authorized by the bond bills reflect shared priorities of the Governor and the Legislature, including investments in schools, infrastructure to support economic development, roads and bridges, affordable housing, parks, a clean environment and the efficient functioning of state government.
The five-year capital investment plan for fiscal years 2009-2013 is built on the foundation of the Administration’s work with the Legislature over the past year to begin reinvesting in our state’s infrastructure in a fiscally responsible, targeted and transparent manner. The capital investments in this plan will create thousands of jobs in the near term and will ensure that Massachusetts continues to be a great place to live, work, start a business and raise a family for years to come.
The capital investment plan continues to implement the vision and priorities established in last year’s, first-ever comprehensive and transparent five-year capital investment plan covering fiscal years 2008-2012. In large part, the investments included in the 2009-2013 plan continue projects launched last year or beforehand, or commence projects anticipated by last year’s five-year plan. The current plan also reflects adjustments to target additional funding to “ready-to-go” repair and construction projects to increase the extent to which the capital investment plan serves as an economic stimulus for job creation in the near term. The plan also includes some refinements to the investment priorities identified in last year’s plan, based on updated information about capital needs, project cash flows and project authorizations.
The capital investment plan is also fiscally responsible. Last year, the Administration developed and published a debt affordability analysis and policy to ensure that the annual borrowing needed to support the capital investment plan is set at affordable levels. This debt affordability analysis and policy was a first for the Commonwealth, and it was positively reviewed by the credit rating agencies. The Administration has recently updated and republished the debt affordability analysis and the borrowing levels used to develop the five-year plan were determined based on the debt affordability policy.
Through the capital investment plan, the Patrick-Murray Administration is taking advantage of an opportunity to address the current challenges we face in a manner that will position the Commonwealth for economic growth and prosperity over the long-term. The plan provides for the Commonwealth to invest significant resources into capital expenditures, which the Commonwealth defines as investments in infrastructure and other long-term public assets that are critical to our quality of life, the strength of our economy, and the efficient functioning of government at every level. Among other things, these capital expenditures and investments will help build and maintain roads, bridges and rail we use for our daily commutes; public college facilities that educate our workforce and nurture our innovation economy; state parks and open space that enhance our landscape and protect our environment; and safe, affordable housing for the people of Massachusetts. Through the investments included in the plan, we will create thousands of jobs in the near-term and the environment to support job creation and economic growth over the long-term.
There was a need for increased infrastructure investment in Massachusetts before the economic crisis; now the need is even more urgent. This capital plan answers the call for increased capital investment in a thoughtful and fiscally responsible manner.
The complete Commonwealth of Massachusetts’s FY2009-2013 Five-Year Capital Investment Plan, including project and program descriptions and an updated Debt Affordability Analysis, may be accessed at mass.gov/capital.
Technologically-advanced systems and well-maintained facilities that make state government more efficient and customer-friendly.
The Patrick-Murray Administration has made significant progress in setting the Commonwealth’s capital investment program on the right course toward achieving the Administration’s vision of a high-quality network of public infrastructure that supports a strong economy and high-quality of life for citizens in the Commonwealth. However, much work remains to be done as the Commonwealth faces significant challenges in addressing its capital investment needs.
One of the most significant challenges facing the Administration is the backlog of deferred maintenance it inherited as a result of years of neglect of our public infrastructure. The Commonwealth has immense investment needs for every type of capital asset and throughout every region of our state. Many of these needs have long been evident but left unaddressed due to inadequate investment in our public assets.
At the same time, the size of the capital budget is subject to significant fiscal constraints. The Commonwealth’s debt is among the highest in the nation by some measures. Moreover, the portion of the state’s operating budget that can be spent on debt service is limited not only by statute but, more importantly, by the fact that tax revenues are falling in the current fiscal environment.
Compounding this fiscal challenge, the need to cut spending in the operating budget in recent years resulted in capital project-related personnel being shifted from the operating budget to the capital budget. The FY08 capital budget funded approximately 2,000 full-time equivalent state employees (FTEs), almost twice the number of FTEs carried on the capital budget in 2001. These personnel expenses crowd out investments in capital as every dollar in the capital budget used to fund personnel costs results in one less dollar available to fund capital investments. Funding these employees on the capital budget is also more expensive than funding them on the operating budget due to the interest expense incurred on the related borrowings.
As a result of the immense backlog of capital investment needs, the need to continue to make targeted capital investments to support economic growth and the limited resources available to fund these needs, the Commonwealth simply cannot address all of its capital investment needs in the near term. The recently-enacted bond bills authorized approximately $16 billion of capital investments. However, these bond authorizations were sized with the intention of funding multi-year capital investment programs – in some cases, 10-year capital investment programs. Consequently, the Administration will need to prioritize authorized capital investment needs within the fiscal constraints of the capital budget. Unfortunately, there are many worthy and needed projects that will not be funded in fiscal year 2009, or even in the next few years, because of the demands and constraints on our capital investment program.
In the face of these challenges in achieving the Administration’s vision for a high-quality network of public infrastructure, the Administration has been guided by three core principles in the development of its capital investment plan – affordability, targeted investments in projects that maintain our existing infrastructure and in projects that promote economic growth, and transparency.
Last year, the Patrick-Murray Administration undertook a rigorous analysis of the Commonwealth’s capacity to issue debt and adopted a policy to ensure that Commonwealth debt is kept to affordable levels. The policy ties the annual borrowing limit, or “bond cap”, determination to the impact any new borrowing will have on debt service as a percentage of total budgeted revenues. This thoughtful, fiscally responsible approach allows not only for steady growth in the bond cap to increase capital investment in the near term, but also ensures that the budgetary impact of debt issued to fund the Commonwealth’s capital program is managed within affordable levels. The policy strikes the right balance between maximizing our capital investment capacity without undermining other state programs and services. The credit rating agencies have reviewed the Commonwealth’s debt policy and have indicated that they view it as a positive step forward for debt management by the Commonwealth.
Based on the debt affordability policy, the annual bond cap for fiscal year 2009 will be $1.575 billion. In addition, because legislative authorization for planned capital spending was obtained later than originally anticipated, capital spending was lower than originally planned in fiscal year 2008 and $152.3 million of the unused bond cap from that year will be carried forward to support spending in fiscal year 2009 (additional unused fiscal year 2008 bond cap will be carried forward to future years). While the recently announced accelerated structurally-deficient bridge program will be funded outside of the bond cap, the related debt service costs of the program have been fully accounted for under the debt affordability policy in setting the bond cap at the designated levels.
As with the Administration’s first five-year plan, the FY09-13 Five-Year Capital Investment Plan was developed following thorough consideration and careful decision-making aimed at striking the appropriate balance between maintaining our existing infrastructure and making targeted new investments to support job creation and economic growth over the long-term. Specific highlights of the FY09-13 capital plan are included later in this section.
Lastly, the Administration believes the Commonwealth’s capital budget should be transparent. Transparency enhances public understanding of the Commonwealth’s capital investment program and thereby improves public discourse and accountability with respect to the capital budget. Historically very little was understood or known about the state’s capital budget. There was never a published explanation or rationale justifying the annual borrowing limits set by prior administrations. Moreover, there was little information published about how and when prior administrations planned to use bond authorizations to carry out particular capital projects or programs.
We have made significant improvements in the area of transparency. In August 2007, the Administration published for the first time ever a five-year capital investment plan. The FY09-13 plan is the second such publication, providing the public with comprehensive and detailed information concerning the Commonwealth’s capital investment program. Both last year’s published capital investment plan and the FY09-13 plan also include a debt affordability analysis and description of the Commonwealth’s debt policy, neither of which existed in the past. These publications are posted on the Commonwealth’s website and are available in printed form. Building on the Administration’s commitment to improving transparency, the version of the FY09-13 capital investment plan and updated debt affordability analysis posted on the Commonwealth’s website have increased functionality and information available to the public.
By adhering to these three principles in developing the capital investment plan – affordability, targeted investments in maintenance and in projects promoting economic growth, and transparency – the Patrick-Murray Administration has made great progress in pursuing the vision and addressing the challenges described above.
The investments included in the plan – and the additional resources that they leverage – will make meaningful progress in meeting our state’s immense inventory of capital needs and will fund high-priority projects that will make Massachusetts a better place to live, work, raise a family and grow a business. They will also provide an economic stimulus by creating thousands of construction jobs at a time when they are desperately needed. If matched with a significant infusion of federal funding for infrastructure projects, the citizens of the Commonwealth will experience the most comprehensive rebuilding of our state in decades – the type of bold action that the economic circumstances require and that the citizens deserve from their government.
The Patrick-Murray Administration has made great progress in improving the Commonwealth’s capital investment program since taking office less than two years ago. The following highlights some of the Administration’s accomplishments in the areas of capital investments and capital finance generally.
First-Ever Debt Affordability Policy: The Patrick-Murray Administration developed and published the first-ever debt affordability policy, which was positively reviewed by the credit rating agencies.
First-Ever Five-Year Capital Investment Plan: The Administration published the first-ever comprehensive and transparent five-year capital investment plan based on the new debt affordability policy. The second report represents the second annual five-year capital investment plan and it relies on the affordability policies developed in connection with last year’s plan.
Bond Bills to Fund Capital Investment Plan: The Administration and Legislature worked together to promptly enact the $1.8 billion Immediate Needs Bond Bill early in 2007 to ensure completion of on-going capital projects, secure federal funding for transportation projects, and fund urgent capital investment needs of the Commonwealth. In addition, the Governor filed a series of multi-year bond bills authorizing over $16 billion in capital investment priorities for the Commonwealth included in the five-year plan. The Legislature overwhelmingly approved each of the bond bills, which are described in more detail below.
On March 23, 2007, the Governor approved a $1.8 billion immediate needs bond authorization. The legislation provided for the completion of on-going capital projects, federal funding for transportation projects and funding for urgent capital investment needs of the Commonwealth including projects related to state buildings, energy and environment, public safety, health and human services, and transportation.
On April 17, 2008, the Governor approved a $1.6 billion bond bill for transportation improvements which will leverage an additional $1.9 billion in federal reimbursements. This legislation included $150 million for Chapter 90 grants to cities and towns for local roads and bridges in fiscal 2009 and $700 million for certain mass transit improvements required as part of the state implementation plan. On August 8, 2008, the Governor approved a second transportation bond bill authorizing $1.445 billion for road and bridge projects and other transportation-related capital investments.
On May 29, 2008, the Governor approved a $1.275 billion affordable housing bond bill which includes $500 million for the preservation and improvement of the Commonwealth’s 50,000 units of state-owned public housing. The legislation also provides authorization for various programs that subsidize the development and preservation of privately owned affordable housing, including $200 million for the Affordable Housing Trust Fund and $125 million for the Housing Stabilization Fund.
On June 16, 2008, the Governor approved legislation in support of the life sciences industry. Among other initiatives and provisions relating to the Massachusetts Life Sciences Center, the legislation authorizes borrowing $500 million over a 10-year period to fund capital investments and infrastructure improvements around the state to support the life sciences industry.
On August 4, 2008, the Governor approved legislation creating a Massachusetts Broadband Institute within the Massachusetts Technology Collaborative. The Institute is to administer a new Broadband Incentive Fund, to be capitalized by general obligation bonds in the amount of $40 million, to invest in long-lived, publicly owned broadband infrastructure, enabling private firms to partner with the state to connect the Commonwealth’s un-served and underserved communities to broadband services.
On August 4, 2008, the Governor approved legislation authorizing $2.984 billion in Commonwealth bonds to finance an accelerated structurally deficient bridge program. The program, which was developed in collaboration with the State Treasurer, is expected to finance over 250 bridge projects over the next eight years with approximately $1.9 billion of special obligation bonds secured by a portion of the gas tax and $1.1 billion of grant anticipation notes secured by future federal funds. By accelerating the investment in bridges, the Commonwealth expects to realize hundreds of millions of dollars of savings from avoided inflation and deferred maintenance costs.
On August 7, 2008, the Governor approved a $2.2 billion higher education bond authorization. The legislation includes authorizations for new buildings, renovation projects and capital improvements at each of the Commonwealth’s public higher education campuses. Of the $2.2 billion total authorization, $1.2 billion will be dedicated to capital investments at state and community colleges, and $1 billion will be dedicated to capital investments at the University of Massachusetts. The authorized amounts are expected to be expended over a ten-year period.
On August 11, 2008, the Governor approved a $3.3 billion general government bond bill making targeted investments in public safety, city and town facilities, state buildings, and information technology systems. Included in the bill is authorization to assist communities with local infrastructure needs, improvements to state and county correctional facilities, improvements to court facilities throughout Massachusetts and capital repairs, on-going maintenance and unforeseen emergency capital needs at state office buildings and facilities. The legislation also authorizes targeted infrastructure investments to spur economic development in our communities. To enhance government services provided to all citizens of the Commonwealth, the legislation includes funding to modernize critical state information technology systems, including funding to replace and upgrade the outdated and overburdened systems at the Department of Revenue and the Registry of Motor Vehicles.
On August 14, 2008, the Governor approved a $1.64 billion land, parks and clean energy bond bill. This legislation includes funding for land protection and acquisition and funding to enhance state parks and rebuild related infrastructure. The legislation also includes authorization for new programs to address environmental challenges.
Initiation of Key Projects: A number of important new capital projects have been initiated by the Administration, including: the South Coast Rail, the new Worcester State Hospital, the Nano-Bio Manufacturing Facility at the Lowell campus of the University of Massachusetts, new courthouse projects in Taunton, Salem and Fall River, the correctional facilities master plan, certain transit projects legally-required as mitigation for the Central Artery project and many more.
Accelerated Structurally-Deficient Bridge Program: The Administration, working with the Legislature and the Treasurer, developed a $3 billion accelerated structurally-deficient bridge program which will repair hundreds of structurally-deficient bridges, create new construction jobs, build conditions for long-term economic growth, and save the Commonwealth hundreds of millions of dollars in avoided construction cost inflation and deferred maintenance costs.
Implementation of Recommendations for the Joint Committee on Bonding, Capital Expenditures and State Assets: The legislative committee that oversees capital finance for the Commonwealth is the Joint Committee on Bonding, Capital Expenditures and State Assets. In its Report on Capital Investment and State Assets in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (Fiscal Year 2006 Edition), the Committee made ten recommendations for improving various aspects of capital finance in the Commonwealth. The Patrick-Murray Administration has implemented all ten recommendations.
Refinancing and Defeasing Debt for Savings: Pursuant to legislative authorization sought by the Governor and included in the Immediate Needs Bond Bill, the Executive Office for Administration and Finance worked with Treasurer Cahill to issue Commonwealth bonds to refinance bonds issued by other governmental entities that the Commonwealth was required to pay, saving the Commonwealth millions of dollars in debt service costs. Pursuant to further legislative authorization sought by the Governor and included in the Immediate Needs Bond Bill, the Administration also worked with Treasurer Cahill to use cash appropriated for certain capital projects to pay off high interest cost bonds and to issue lower interest cost bonds to pay for the capital projects. This effort saved the Commonwealth millions of dollars in debt service costs.
State Facility Maintenance: The Administration has taken steps to improve maintenance of state facilities. Funding in the capital budget is dedicated for small capital maintenance and repair projects. By dedicating more and more funding to these types of projects, the state will defer less of its capital investment needs and avoid larger, more expensive capital project needs in the future. The funding for these projects is allocated based on a new, need-based evaluation process through the Division of Capital Asset Management. The Administration is committed to continuing to build on its efforts to improve the maintenance of state facilities.
Transportation Infrastructure Maintenance: In the first Transportation Bond Bill, the legislature established a new transportation maintenance fund. Pursuant to this capital investment plan, the Administration has dedicated more than 20% of all of its bond-funded transportation spending (excluding funding for the acquisition of CSX rail property) for transfer to the new transportation maintenance fund to pay capital costs of maintaining the Commonwealth’s transportation infrastructure. By dedicating more and more funding to these transportation maintenance projects, the state will defer less of its capital investment needs and avoid larger, more expensive capital project needs in the future.
Personnel Off of Capital Budget: The Governor has made two proposals to reduce the amount of bond proceeds used to fund personnel expenses in the capital budget. First, the Governor included about $10 million in his FY08 operating budget proposal to fund the transfer of employees off of the capital budget. The Governor’s most recent proposal included in his FY09 budget proposal and again in this FY10 budget proposal would authorize the Administration to shift approximately $50 million of capital equipment acquisition costs funded from the state’s operating budget to the capital budget and approximately $50 million of personnel expenses from the capital budget to the operating budget. Neither of the Governor’s proposals were previously enacted by the Legislature. While the current challenging fiscal environment makes it unlikely that the operating budget will be able to absorb the cost of personnel currently funded on the capital budget, the Administration is committed to continuing to pursue creative ways to begin to shift employees off of the capital budget and is hopeful that the Legislature will adopt the proposal included in this FY10 budget described above.
Energy Efficiency Requirements for State Building Projects: Last year, Governor Patrick issued Executive Order 484 which, among other things, established the Governor’s “Leading By Example Program” requiring that all state agencies reduce their environmental impact by promoting energy conservation and clean energy practices. Specifically, by FY12, all state building projects must contribute to a 25% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, a 20% reduction in overall energy consumption and procure 15% of annual electricity consumption from renewable sources. In addition to beginning to fund energy efficiency and renewable energy efficiency improvements to state facilities, the Administration has been working on a parallel track to develop a detailed plan that will identify the specific energy efficiency and renewable energy projects, and funding sources available for such projects, to meet the goals established by the Governor in Executive Order 484. The Administration has also set high minimum “green building” standards for all new state building projects and is striving to go above and beyond such standards wherever possible, including plans for certain buildings to be “energy neutral”.
Financing Initiatives: The Administration has pursued various financing initiatives to more effectively leverage state resources to fund more capital project needs. These initiatives include: increased allocation of private activity bond volume cap to multi-family affordable housing projects to leverage related federal tax credits to fund millions of dollars of affordable housing projects, including improvements to our public housing supply; “I-Cubed” legislation to finance infrastructure improvements needed to support new private development with the new state tax revenues generated from the development; and the financing of the East-West Parkway project at the former South Weymouth Naval Air Base from new state tax revenues to be generated from private development at the base.
Stronger Oversight and More Transparency through Finance Advisory Board: Through new gubernatorial appointments, staff support provided by the Executive Office for Administration and Finance, and greater oversight responsibilities included in recent legislation, the Administration has strengthened the role of this important Board in ensuring transparency, accountability and best practices among state entities that borrow, invest and manage public funds. For the first time in the Board’s history, the Administration assisted the Board in complying with its statutory obligation to gather information about and to report on outstanding debt of the Commonwealth and other debt-issuing state entities. This report also includes information about interest rate swap agreements related to debt issued by state entities. This report represents a first step in the Board’s efforts to improve transparency and public accountability with respect to debt, investments and other financial transactions involving public funds. The need for continued progress is even more important in the context of the recent turmoil in the financial markets.
The issuance of bonds to fund the capital budget must be authorized by the Legislature. Pursuant to these legislative authorizations to borrow, the Governor determines the amount and timing of any authorized borrowing to fund capital investments. At the request of the Governor, the State Treasurer actually issues the bonds to borrow the funds. The Governor approves the use of the borrowed funds by agencies to pay for authorized capital projects. The Patrick-Murray Administration is the first to develop and publish a comprehensive, five-year plan for the funding of capital investments.
There are certain capital investments that are not funded by the Commonwealth through its capital budget and consequently are not reflected in this capital investment plan. There are a number of independent state authorities responsible for maintaining certain public infrastructure from revenues generated from those infrastructure assets or from dedicated state tax or other revenues that are not available to the Commonwealth for general budgeting purposes. Examples of these entities include the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, Massport, the Turnpike Authority and the Massachusetts School Building Authority. Because these entities carry out their own capital projects and are solely responsible for financing them from their own funding sources, the capital investments made by these entities are not included in the state’s capital investment plan. In addition, small equipment purchases and information technology projects funded by state agencies through their operating budgets are not reflected in the capital investment plan.
The Commonwealth’s capital budget for the last five fiscal years (FY04-FY08) totaled nearly $11 billion. The following tables show (a) capital spending over the last five fiscal years by the spending categories used by the prior administration and (b) the historical sources of funding for such spending.
Building on the process it initiated last year, the Patrick-Murray Administration engaged in a diligent, fiscally responsible, and comprehensive process for developing its five-year capital investment plan.
In order to establish the total amount of the bond-funded capital program within an affordable level, the Administration conducted a rigorous review of the Commonwealth’s debt capacity within its debt affordability policy. The debt affordability analysis underlies the FY09-13 capital investment plan. As indicated in that analysis, the Administration has set the bond cap for fiscal year 2009 and the projected bond caps for future fiscal years at lower levels than it had previously planned in order to ensure that the amount of debt issued to fund the capital program is kept within affordable levels consistent with the Administration’s debt affordability policy.
The amount of debt authorized to fund capital projects pursuant to the recently enacted, multi-year bond bills described above far exceeds the amount of debt the Commonwealth can afford to borrow in fiscal year 2009 or even during the next five fiscal years. The Administration had to prioritize among the many authorized projects in order to develop a capital investment plan that is within the affordability limits described above. Consequently, there are many worthy authorized capital projects that will not be funded in fiscal year 2009 and, in many cases, will not be funded over the next few years.
To inform its development of the FY09-13 capital investment plan, the Administration broadly solicited information about capital spending needs and engaged in a diligent process to evaluate and prioritize those funding needs. State agencies provided a significant amount of detailed information regarding their capital investment needs, their priorities and the programmatic impacts of requested projects. A&F held more than 30 diligence sessions with agencies regarding their capital project requests. In addition, the Administration carefully reviewed the legislative authorizations for capital investments in the recently enacted bond bills, evaluated many written requests for capital project funding from legislators, municipalities and other interested parties, and Administration officials attended numerous meetings with legislators, municipalities and other interested parties regarding requests for capital funding.
A significant portion of the bond-funded fiscal year 2009 capital budget is needed to fund costs of multi-year capital projects that were commenced in prior fiscal years. The Administration has allocated remaining funds to authorized projects and programs based on the evaluation of project funding needs conducted through the diligence process described above and guided by the Governor’s capital investment priorities. The highlights of the FY09-13 capital investment plan are described by investment category below.
The capital markets have been experiencing a severe dislocation over the last twelve months, which has impacted, and will continue to impact, the Commonwealth’s issuance of bonds to fund its capital program and the issuance of bonds and notes by governmental entities throughout the country. This market turmoil stems primarily from over-leveraged real estate-related assets during the first half of this decade when interest rates were held at extremely low levels and investors sought ever-increasing returns. Global financial institutions have been forced to record massive losses of mortgage-related derivative assets, causing several firms to merge, be bailed out by the federal government, or, in the case of Lehman Brothers, to file for bankruptcy.
Excessive investment in these assets directly caused the credit deterioration and downgrades of once-triple-A rated bond insurers of municipal bonds. This in turn caused the collapse of the auction rate securities market and, to a more limited degree, the variable rate demand bond market, which have been largely dependent upon bond insurers triple-A ratings. In addition, there has been an unprecedented contraction of the world-wide credit markets, which continues to limit market access and increase the cost of borrowing for governmental entities. Attempts by the US Treasury and Federal Reserve Bank to craft government-assisted solutions have achieved limited results to date.
The Commonwealth has taken steps to refinance certain of the auction rate and variable rate demand bond debt that was adversely impacted by the market turmoil. In addition, the Commonwealth has been successful in accessing the market during the last few months to finance its capital program and to finance its cash flow needs, all at relatively favorable rates in light of current market conditions.
In today’s market, in particular, the Commonwealth benefits from its strong credit rating. The Commonwealth is currently rated Aa2/AA/AA by Moody’s, Standard and Poor’s and Fitch, respectively. The ratings, which have been confirmed as recently as December 2008, have been unchanged for the past ten years with the exception of an upgrade to double-A by Standard & Poor’s in 2005. The ratings are based on each rating agency’s assessment of the capacity and willingness of the Commonwealth to repay general obligation debt.
Although current market conditions make selling bonds more difficult and more costly than was previously the case, the Administration expects that the State Treasurer will be able to continue to access the bond market to finance the Commonwealth’s capital program. The Administration will continue to work with the State Treasurer to determine the most cost-effective approaches to issuing debt to finance the capital program in light of changing market conditions.
Because the capital program is funded primarily through bond proceeds, the total size of the capital program is determined to a large extent by the amount of debt the Commonwealth can afford to issue. Since fiscal year 1991, A&F has established what is known as the “bond cap” to limit annual bond issuance in support of the capital program to affordable levels. For the second consecutive year, the Patrick-Murray Administration engaged in a rigorous analysis of the state’s outstanding debt obligations and of the state’s capacity to issue additional debt within affordable levels. Based on this analysis, the Administration has established the FY09 bond cap at $1.575 billion and it has projected a $25 million increase in the bond cap in FY10 and a $100 million increase in the bond cap in each succeeding fiscal year through FY13. These bond cap levels are lower in each fiscal year than was previously planned by the Administration in order to ensure that Commonwealth debt is kept to affordable levels within the constraints of the Administration’s debt affordability policy. In addition to the bond cap, $341 million of unused bond cap from FY08 will be carried forward and budgeted to support capital investments in subsequent fiscal years, as follows: $152.3 million in FY09; $126.1 million in FY10; and $62.6 million in FY11.
In summary, the Administration takes a fiscally responsible approach to setting the annual bond cap, analyzing the Commonwealth’s capacity for debt issuance from the point-of-view of affordability. Specifically, A&F sets annual constraints on both the size of the bond cap and its future rate of growth by keeping combined debt service and payment of debt-like obligations for existing and new debt within 8% of budgeted revenues and by keeping future annual growth in the bond cap to not more than $125 million. As indicated in the updated affordability analysis, this latter constraint was not a factor in setting the bond caps for purposes of this five-year plan as the 8% limit was the overriding constraint.
For purposes of its analysis of existing payment obligations, A&F takes into account not only debt service on general obligation bonds, but also debt service on certain special obligations, contract assistance obligations and certain capital lease payments. Although the recently authorized accelerated structurally-deficient bridge program is being carried out in addition to the regular capital program in order to achieve savings from avoided cost inflation and deferred maintenance and to achieve the other objectives of the program, the debt service resulting from the bridge program is also taken into account within the 8% limit under the debt affordability analysis.
A&F also takes a conservative approach to projecting future budgeted revenues, basing its growth estimate on the lesser of 3% or the actual compound annual growth rate of the Commonwealth’s revenues from the last ten years – which included both economic booms and downturns. A&F models future debt issuance using fiscally conservative assumptions about interest rates, maturities, dates of issuance and payment schedules. In light of the extraordinary current economic and market conditions, however, the Administration’s updated debt affordability analysis upon which the capital plan is based includes a “Modified Analysis” with even more conservative assumptions regarding budgeted revenues and interest rates on Commonwealth borrowing.
Based on this analytic approach and the Modified Analysis assumptions referenced above, A&F has projected that the Commonwealth will have the capacity to accommodate steady increases in the bond cap over the next four years while maintaining the percentage of the Commonwealth’s budgeted revenues needed to pay debt service during that period below 8%. The projected increases in the bond cap are, however, lower than previously planned by the Administration, reflecting the impact of current economic conditions.
The Patrick-Murray Administration’s FY09-13 capital investment plan strategically allocates resources to invest in the Commonwealth’s public facilities and programs and represents a strong step forward toward the Administration’s vision for public infrastructure described above.
The full five-year capital investment plan by major investment categories is presented below. It should be noted that many of the projects funded in FY09, some of which are highlighted below, are multi-year projects with expenses that will be incurred in subsequent fiscal years; these projected future expenses have been taken into account in making investment category reservations for future years. It is also important to note that projects will evolve and change, and A&F intends to adjust the capital plan during the fiscal year as circumstances dictate. Before the start of each new fiscal year, A&F will also undertake a formal reassessment of capital investment needs to develop an annual update to the five-year capital plan.
The following tables show (a) the allocation of bond cap spending by major investment category for FY09-13, and (b) the allocation of total capital spending from all sources of funding by major investment category for FY09-13.
The first table below shows a comparison of FY08 actual bond cap spending to FY09 budgeted bond cap spending by major investment category. The second table shows a comparison of the total capital spending from all funding sources between FY08 actual results and the FY09 budget. It should be noted that this presentation of bond cap spending by major investment categories was new last year – to the extent capital spending information was publicly presented prior to last year, it was typically categorized by the state agency authorized to carry out the spending. The Administration believes that the presentation by major investment category provides a more helpful and accurate portrayal of the purposes and priorities for which capital resources are being allocated.
The $2.532 billion FY10 capital budget is based on the Five-Year Capital Investment Plan published in December 2008 and is consistent with the significant shift in capital investment priorities that began in FY08 by the Patrick-Murray Administration. At this point in the five-year budget cycle, amounts are allocated among investment categories for FY10, but not to specific projects for FY10. The Administration intends to update the five-year plan for FY10-14 and with updated information and needs identified, FY10 allocations will be made for specific projects and programs. The operating budget impact of these investments is considered in evaluating projects for funding, and those expenses – or savings – are reflected in agency operating budgets as needed. In addition, the Administration places a high priority on projects which will have a significant non-financial impact, such as those projects that will result in a cleaner environment, improved response time by public safety employees and access to public buildings and public transportation by all citizens, as more fully described in the investment categories below. The following table summarizes the total budgeted spending by investment category.
The following highlights the Administration’s capital investment priorities for FY10 by each investment category. For more information about each investment category and projects and programs included in the capital budget, see mass.gov/capital for the complete Commonwealth of Massachusetts FY2009-2013 Five-Year Capital Investment Plan.
The quality of municipally-owned infrastructure has an enormous impact on our daily lives and provides the necessary foundation for business to grow and flourish. The Patrick-Murray Administration is committed to partnering with cities and towns to improve infrastructure, promote economic growth, invest in public safety, affordable housing, smart growth development strategies, and energy efficiency. The Parkland Acquisitions and Renovations for Communities (PARC) program is representative of the of the Administration’s commitment to public spaces. In FY09, $8 million is budgeted for the PARC program which assists cities and town with the acquisition and development of land for park and recreational facilities.
Investment in local public safety facilities.
In order to carry out justice and to protect the citizens of the Commonwealth, it is important that we have secure and safe jails and correctional facilities for individuals charged with and convicted of crimes. It is also in the interest of society as a whole that those convicted of crimes come out of correctional facilities after serving their terms with the skills and mind-set needed to become productive members of society rather than repeat offenders.
Underinvestment in our facilities has resulted in prison overcrowding, inadequate facilities for female inmates, an inability to adequately address an increasing number of mental health needs and the medical care required of an aging prisoner population. In addition to these important needs, our correctional facilities face significant ongoing capital maintenance needs.
The Administration has proposed spending a total of $450 million of bond authorization for improvements to correctional facilities over the next ten years. Investment amounts for specific projects will be guided by the comprehensive 10-year master plan for capital investments in correctional facilities that is currently being developed. $1.2 million was invested in this master plan in FY09.
FY10 spending will be targeted to certain critical repair projects, projects recommended in the master plan and improvements at correctional facilities aimed at preventing prisoner suicides, including the capital improvements recommended by the Hayes report.
The Commonwealth operates 61 court facilities in 39 communities across the state. The Massachusetts Trial Court system also includes 25 county-owned courts and 28 other facilities. Significant capital spending on court facilities has occurred over the past five years yet continued investment is necessary not only for the effectiveness of court operations, but also for the health and safety of court staff and members of the public who participate in the judicial system.
General repairs and renovations at courts across the state.
Recognizing that an important way in which the Commonwealth can create and support job growth is through its investment in infrastructure, the FY10 capital investment plan makes targeted investments in economic development projects to help achieve this goal and to make Massachusetts more attractive and open to a wider range and greater number of businesses. Note that the investments included in the Economic Development investment category are those that are designed first and foremost for the purpose of supporting economic development. There are, however, hundreds of millions of dollars more in planned investments reflected in the Transportation, Community Investment and other investment categories in the capital investment plan that will support economic development and the creation of jobs in the Commonwealth.
Continued funding for the Massachusetts Opportunity Relocation and Expansion (MORE) Jobs capital program which provides grants for public infrastructure improvements that support business expansion and relocation.
Laying the groundwork for significant FY10 investment in the Massachusetts Broadband Initiative to provide affordable, accessible internet access to unserved and underserved areas of the state, was the $1.5 million spent in FY09.
The capital component of Governor Patrick’s Life Sciences Initiative, which will support the building of new public research centers designed to attract academic and industry leaders to Massachusetts.
Investment in the Growth Districts Infrastructure Investment Program as a means to expediting commercial and residential development within designated areas in the Commonwealth.
Support the innovative financing tool known as I-Cubed to leverage new state revenue generated as a result of the Commonwealth’s investment in public infrastructure improvements necessary to support significant new private development to finance those improvements.
The Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs stewards an incredible diversity of natural resources and infrastructure for the Commonwealth and managing these resources requires significant capital investment. In particular, capital funds pay for important infrastructure projects, such as flood control measures, dam rehabilitation, improvements to recreations facilities, wildlife habitat protection, environmental hazard remediation, park and trail maintenance, and open space acquisition. Other capital investments are made to projects and programs that contribute to clean water, clean air, clean energy, natural resources, agricultural resources and more.
Clean and renewable energy investments, including energy efficiencies in state buildings and facilities, as consistent with the Governor’s Leading By Example – Clean Energy and Efficient Buildings Program.
The provision of health care and other social services to those most in need has long been an important function of government, and in Massachusetts the provision of these services accounts for nearly half of the Commonwealth’s annual operating budget. The Health and Human Services facilities are numerous, including hospitals, clinic, long and short-term care facilities, power plants and garages. The average age of the HHS facilities was recently estimated to be 75 years since original construction and few facilities have undergone major upgrades in the recent past. The immense capital needs include investment in repair and maintenance to maintain service and care quality as well as basic public safety and the demolition of obsolete and unsafe structures. FY10 capital spending will continue to concentrate on the construction phase of a new state psychiatric hospital in Worcester that will replace two obsolete psychiatric hospitals and critical repairs and other improvements several facilities across the state. $45 million has been budgeted for the construction of this hospital in FY09. In addition, the Executive Office of Health and Human Services will complete a master plan in FY10 which will provide a complete current assessment of all HHS facilities and program needs. Future capital investment will be guided by the results of the master plan.
The Administration believes strongly that our public colleges and universities should have the infrastructure necessary to ensure student access and affordability and be well-equipped to support academic achievement and learning for all students. They should also be responsive to the demand for a talented workforce ready and able to participate in a growing and increasingly global economy. Capital investments are critical to the mission. In fact, the Administration has planned for the most significant growth in bond-cap funded spending in this category. Investment will grow from 3% of the total bond-funded capital investment in 2007 to 10% by 2013.
Focus on enhancing workforce training and development programs.
The accessibility of desirable, affordable housing is a critical factor for the success of our economy, as new jobs will only be created if the workers needed to fill them can obtain desirable, affordable housing in close enough proximity to their places of employment. This accessibility is also an objective we should have as a caring, civilized society. There is much government does and can do in this area. State spending for housing in Massachusetts includes both state-supported public housing and private affordable housing development. The state’s public housing portfolio supports some of our most vulnerable citizens, including the elderly, veterans and clients of the state’s human services agencies. The public housing stock is in desperate need of maintenance and improvements. Private housing in Massachusetts has become increasingly expensive, with most Massachusetts residents citing housing costs as more of a concern than education and health care. The Patrick-Murray Administration is committed to making significant investments in affordable housing through the capital budget. For example, in FY09, $3.5 million was invested in housing near public transit as consistent with the Administration’s sustainable development principles.
Continuing Governor Patrick’s commitment to public housing.
Targeted spending for various private affordable housing development programs, including investment in the Affordable Housing Trust Fund, Housing Stabilization Fund and other programs supporting affordable home ownership.
Information technology spans all areas of government. IT enables customer-facing functions such as transaction processing, license and permit applications and renewals, and public information access and alert; it also supports internal processes such as cross-agency information sharing, management efficiencies, and date security. While some agencies pay for certain small-scale IT projects from their operating budgets, most major IT installations are paid for by the capital budget. The 5-year capital plan makes strategic investments in IT, leveraging federal and other funds wherever possible. In FY09, for example, $6.8 million is budgeted to fund the final component of implementation of the statewide state-of-the-art digital wireless public safety radio network in western Massachusetts.
Of particular focus in the FY10 capital budget will be the modernization of certain critical state IT systems to support the provision of more efficient, responsive and transparent government services, including beginning to replace and upgrade the outdated and overburdened systems at the Department of Revenue and the Registry of Motor Vehicles that support the administration and enforcement of state tax collections and motor vehicle fees.
The Commonwealth’s capital spending supports important public safety projects and programs that ensure the safety of our citizens and communities. The capital needs range from crime prevention to disaster preparedness and response. For example, the FY09 budget includes $15 million for continuation of the expansion of the Massachusetts Firefighting Academy at Stow, the state’s primary training center for fire fighters. Significant public safety-related investments are also included in the Information Technology and Correctional Facilities categories.
Investment in new fire training facilities.
Safe, convenient and accessible state office buildings and facilities are necessary for the efficient and effective functioning of government. There exists a significant backlog of deferred maintenance in the state’s facilities and many require structural improvements, elevator replacements and improvements to comply with changing building codes and accessibility requirements. In the FY09 capital budget this issue was addressed by a $30 million investment in desperately needed maintenance and repair projects state-wide.
Investment in energy efficiencies through conservation retrofits and renewable energy projects.
Our network of transportation infrastructure is a critical factor affecting the strength of our economy, the quality of our environment and the quality of our lives. Our roads, bridges, mass transit and other modes of transportation provide us with access to work, school, and goods and services; they provide businesses with the ability to move their goods and services to meet demand; they impact our environment in different ways; and they provide us with the mobility and freedom to get where we want to go when we want to get there. High-quality, strategically developed transportation infrastructure is an essential component of a thriving economy, clean environment, and stable society. The FY09 capital budget included a $38 million investment in parkways and bridges in the metropolitan Boston area, including major repairs to the Storrow Drive tunnel.
Perform critical repair needs on the Department of Conservation and Recreation roads and bridges.
The five-year plan and the FY10 budget make the most of the limited resources available and make progress in addressing the tremendous needs of our transportation system. Transportation-related capital spending in FY09 is 33% greater than in FY08, and, by FY13, transportation-related capital spending is expected to be 122% more than FY08.
As of October 1, 2008, there were 511 structurally-deficient MassHighway and municipal bridges in the state, plus an additional 57 structurally-deficient bridges owned and managed by entities such as the MBTA, the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority, the Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) and others. Without significant new investment, the number of structurally-deficient bridges is expected to rise to nearly 700 over the next eight years.
Following on a pledge to repair the Commonwealth’s most neglected bridges, on August 4, 2008 Governor Patrick signed into law a $3 billion bond bill, known as the Accelerated Bridge Program bond bill. The Accelerated Bridge Program will repair bridges across the Commonwealth that are currently structurally deficient or would otherwise become structurally deficient during that time period. Instead of seeing the number of structurally deficient bridges increase by approximately 30% over the next eight years, the number will be reduced by approximately 15% during that time. Major bridge repair projects across the state will be accelerated, including the Longfellow Bridge over the Charles River, the Fore River Bridge in Quincy, the Whittier Bridge in Amesbury and the Route 9 Bridge over Lake Quinsigamond in Shrewsbury and Worcester, as part of the program.
Complete projects on time and on budget and with minimum disruption to people and commerce. Innovative means of contracting techniques will be employed.
Approximately $2.1 billion is allocated to MassHighway for bridges under its control or owned by cities and towns, and approximately $900 million is allocated to the Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) for bridges under its control. Expenditures will occur over a period of eight years.

industry_corpus2: Real Estate & Construction


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text:
There has been a revolution in communication since 1995. Starting then, computers with Internet access and mobile phones became a regular part of the landscape and transformed our lives. Suddenly a whole world of information was available, and we could talk to people almost anytime, anywhere. At home, at work, we were in touch.
That was just the beginning. Soon we could shop online, play games, chat – we could live complete virtual lives. With laptop computers we could work, surf and do everything from hotels or anywhere. Broadband has helped us do it faster, to make downloading music and movies part of our lives.
We’ve become addicted to communication devices and developed communication skills none of us could have envisaged not too long ago.
It’s not that long since the only people who really typed at work were secretaries. Now everyone does it, there’s a computer on every desk and if we take a business trip, a laptop is part of our luggage. E-mail is a vital part of communication. We share documents, assemble reports, give presentations with it.
Frankly, these days we’d be lost without computers. Businesses spend thousands on them and everything to do with them – creating intranets, web pages, everything to make business more efficient and with a higher profile. Without them, these days the wheels of commerce would quickly grind to a halt.
Similarly, business has come to depend on the mobile phone. It lets a workforce stay in touch, allows for quick dispatch of staff without using radios. We can check in at any time – and conversely we’re available at any time, on the road or at home, thanks to mobiles. With smartphones we can even carry mini-offices in our pockets.
The technology of the communication age has made us more efficient. Communications are faster and fuller than before thanks to advances in communications devices. But, in spite of that, we work longer hours than ever, and harder. The things that were supposed to make our business lives easier have end up making them more complex (ever sweated over a crashed computer or lost a document in it?) and tougher.
The majority of homes have a personal computer these days, many with broadband connections – which we need for all the things we’ve come to expect from our machines. The home computer has become more than a communication tool, it’s become a hub.
From it we find out information, shop, download everything from music to movies to make it into an entertainment centre. Yes, we do use it for communication, too, sending e-mails, instant messaging, voice chatting, using social networks – our communication skills have never been higher.
But communication devices have become a major part of our personal lives. We make calls on our mobiles and together send literally billions of text messages every year. We take the availability of others – and ourselves – for granted.
Computers and mobile phones have not only made personal communications, but also our personal lives, much richer and easier. But at the same time they’ve become such central features in our lives that we’d feel lost without them. In 2007 we spent an average of 10 minutes a day on our mobiles, and 24 minutes daily online.
Communication has become vital. Yet, for all that, one thing hasn’t changed – we still love TV above all, as we watch over three and a half hours a day each. We might love to communicate, but we still love passive entertainment more.


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The large-screen smartphone will be on sale from 20 April for just AU$429.
Huawei has announced that it will bring its 6.1-inch Ascend Mate to the Australian market. The large-screen smartphone will be on sale from 20 April for just AU$429.
The Android handset sports an HD IPS+ screen, a Huawei-made 1.5GHz quad-core processor and a giant 4050mAh battery — larger than that of Samsung's Note 2. Huawei promises that the Ascend Mate can provide two days of "ordinary usage" on a single charge.
The Mate measures 163.5x85.7x9.9mm — although Huawei noted that it is 6.6mm at thinnest part — and weighs in at 198g. An 8-megapixel rear camera and a 1-megapixel front camera round out the specs.
The phone is not 4G enabled, but it supports "five 3G frequency bands plus four GSM bands", meaning it can be easily used overseas.
The phone will come in black and be available in Harvey Norman from 20 April for just AU$429.


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Enjoy your stay in this spacious non-smoking room which features one king-sized clean and fresh Hampton bed® and a comfortable easy chair with ottoman.
Relax and watch a movie on the 32-inch HDTV or work at the large desk and stay connected with free WiFi access. Savor a freshly brewed coffee from the coffeemaker provided.
Refresh yourself in the bathroom which provides plush towels and a shower with WaterPik® showerhead and curved shower rod for extra space and light in the shower.
Enjoy a Clean and Fresh Hampton bed, free hot breakfast daily, and free WiFi.
Enjoy your stay in this spacious non-smoking room which contains two queen-sized clean and fresh Hampton beds®.
Relax and watch a movie on the 32-inch HDTV or work at the large desk and stay connected with free WiFi access. Enjoy the convenience of having a refrigerator, microwave and coffeemaker in your room.

industry_corpus2: Hospitality & Catering


text: Official, high quality screenprinted Horror Pain Gore Death Productions "Logo" T-shirt. This white shirt with red imprint is available in sizes Small, Medium, Large, XL and XXL. Killer price for a killer shirt, spread the sickness!!!

industry_corpus2: Film & Entertainment


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There's no better feeling than successfully landing your 7-button-combination skill in your foe's face or is there?! Iron Galaxy Studios presents Divekick! It's an action fighting game that will make you question the meaning of life itself!
Control one of many ravaging fighters and execute TWO BUTTON sequences with precision, skill, and timing. Yes, you've read it correctly, this game presents completely different approach to fighting! To make things total fare, there are only two actions, that a character within a game can perform: jump and kick!
Matches are decided in an instant as one hit KO's is the preferred format. There are no cheaters here, no super skills, power ups, knock downs, and ground control.
This Indie masterpiece mocks fighting games' genre in a very pleasing fashion, humour leads every character and every back story, and the fights are very entertaining and evenly matched!
At the end of the day, Divekick is what it is, and not what it isn't. It's a great fun for fighting game enthusiasts as well as for casual players not very keen on the genre.

industry_corpus2: Gaming


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Swift codes, also called BIC Codes, are used for International Wire Transfers. Compared to routing numbers which allow you to make wire transfers domestically, a Swift code is used for making or receiving an international wire transfer. Before you can make a wire transfer payment to ATLAS SECURITIES SA, you'll need the appropriate Swift code..
Important: These Swift/BIC codes for ATLAS SECURITIES SA are only used for international wire transfer payments.


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Headboard nos 4 is from our exclusive Wells range of headboards made to our own specifications , you are not paying extra money for a Brand name ,all of the cost of the product is in the materials and workmanship these are fantastic quality handmade headboards .
All standard sizes are available .
A large choice of fabrics to choose from and you can even have your headboard covered in your own material if you wish .
All headboards can be either bed or wall mounted .
All prices shown in A grade fabrics and 51cms height .


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In today’s fast-paced business environment, people are much too busy to waste time trying to decipher cryptic marketing emails. Our average attention span is down to eight seconds. That’s a good barometer for how much time you’ve got to capture email recipients’ interest before they move on to the next message in their burgeoning inbox.
What is this email about?
Why should they care about it?
Be specific. Tell readers what they’re going to find in the message.
Capture the essence of the subject matter.
Include your company name, product name, or both. “Of Mad Mimi emails that had the highest open rates, 76% of them had either their business name or the product name mentioned in their subject lines,” Mad Mimi’s Dean Levitt writes in “Write Great Subject Lines to Increase Your Open Rate.” It’s a great post. Read it.
Say your email subject line does the trick and entices recipients to open your message. How else can you get a reader’s attention in just eight seconds?
Include eye-catching images. Reading takes time, but an arresting image can capture your reader’s interest in just seconds. Make your images count.
Keep headlines concise. Sending an e-newsletter or an email with multiple points of entry? Your reader might only be interested in one part of your message. Make headlines clear and concise for easy skimming.
Pay attention to design elements. Try attracting attention to your main points by including a different colored background or bolder font size.
Include a clear call to action. Readers should come away with a clear message – whether it’s to buy a product, visit a link, or something else. Make sure your call to action is easy to find, eye-catching and clickable.
Along the same lines as A/B split testing website copy, you can test variations of a subject line to see which gets the best response. Try it. Send the same email with two different subject lines — maybe one that highlights a call to action and another that puts the emphasis on a specific product — and see which generates a better open rate.
With the basics of strong subject lines under your belt, you’re well on your way to improving your email open rates. But there’s more you can do to achieve that key marketing goal.
By segmenting your audience into interest groups (a feature offered by many email marketing programs), you can learn which types of emails your customers enjoy.
Some subscribers might only be interested if an email includes a special sale or offer; others might attach more importance to educational content or professional advice. Create a sign-up form that lets subscribers choose their interest group (promotions, in-store events, product information), then create campaigns that speak directly to those groups.
To continue improving your email open rates, study your analytics to learn when subscribers open your emails, find out which links get the most clicks, and identify campaigns that worked.
Try sending campaigns twice per week, then limit it to once. Did your open rates change based on how often you appeared in customer inboxes?
Examine your demographic information to see if a certain group is more actively engaged with your campaigns, then target your message to this audience.
Look carefully at high-performing campaigns and compare them to ones that didn’t do as well. Was there a difference in voice or tone? Was there a strong call to action in the email header? Where were the links located?
Keeping the eight-second rule in mind, targeting your audience, testing your message, and getting to know your subscribers will help you optimize every bit of your email marketing campaign and improve those all-important open rates. To learn more, check out this post.


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Doc Marquis was raised in an Illuminati family, trained as an Illuminist, and attained the rank of Master Witch (3rd degree). His family had been in the Illuminati for 189 years – 7 generations. In 1979 he escaped Satanism and came to know Jesus Christ as his God.
In this teaching he reveals how certain holidays are celebrated by Christians but are actually from the pit of hell itself.
Doc Marquis passed away after an illness lasting several months early in the morning of November 20, 2018. He was 62 years old. He spent the last of his life exposing the darkness and working to advance the kingdom for Yeshua Jesus.
prophecyclub.com/ Stans Blog - prophecyclubnews.blogspot.com/ Full Catalog Of DVDS Latest Prophecies Fantastic PDF Downloads In June 1993, a local Christian radio station in Topeka, Kansas, suggested to Stan Johnson that he present a 15-minute daily broadcast on Bible prophecy. Stan, who for the past 22 years had been in sales and had been an instructor for the last 13 years, accepted the offer. He began by playing excerpts from nationally recognized Bible prophecy experts. The Prophecy Club program gained popularity quickly and soon expanded to a 30-minute broadcast. In September that year, Stan left his full-time job to devote himself to developing The Prophecy Club. The objectives of The Prophecy Club were -- and still are -- simple yet vital to the body of Christ: To make Christians more aware of the evil devices of Satan To warn Christians that judgment is coming to America To challenge God's people to stop sinning and turn to Jesus with all their heart To be an information source on current events in Bible prophecy As Stan led the ministry in its infancy, The Prophecy Club expanded by taking its radio show first to Kansas City and then to many other stations around the country. The radio show was soon heard on more than 80 radio stations, with programs being broadcast two to four times a day. A daily television broadcast followed and reached an audience of nearly 25 million people. In January 1994, The Prophecy Club began a new venture as it invited a prophecy speaker to Topeka to hold a meeting. The meeting was a success as 110 people attended, excited to hear information on Bible prophecy. As The Prophecy Club grew, it began to hold monthly meetings in major cities where attendees could gather to hear America's best speakers and prophets. Each speaker's session was videotaped, and the audio portion was then edited for broadcast on The Prophecy Club radio show. Videos of the sessions were offered to help The Prophecy Club cover radio time. The monthly meetings continued to gain popularity, and they were soon being help in 40 major cities, with approximately 5,000 people attending the meetings each month. In 1998, God called Stan and his wife Leslie to start a church in Topeka. Since then, the Spirit of Prophecy Church has grown and expanded, with congregations in five cities throughout the nation. It is a Spirit-filled, five-fold ministry church where the prime directive is to "Teach, Train, and Equip God's Saints to Do the Work of the Ministry." Today, The Prophecy Club is ready for all that God has planned for this life-changing ministry. During one four-year period of ministry, The Prophecy Club saw 3,140 new commitments to Christ and nearly 24,000 people rededicate their lives to the Lord. However, with God's help, The Prophecy Club expects to accomplish even more for His Kingdom!
Easter In ACTS 12:4 – Is The King James Bible Wrong?