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The summer I went up to University I had a job decorating somebody’s house. Hearing I was a Christian and that I was going to Cambridge to study medicine, the owner tut-tutted and said it would be hard to keep my faith. I’m not sure if that was because religion has no answer to suffering, or because it has no answers period. One reason I didn’t lose my faith, though, apart from the stubborn desire to prove her wrong, was that I expected to run into all kinds of different belief-systems, promoted by people far cleverer than me, but I told myself that all other things being equal my beliefs were no less likely to be right than theirs. It actually worked, preventing me from being overawed by an idea’s sheer novelty – or its plausibility, in the sociological sense.
in the school library, whose central theme was that “modern man” couldn’t believe in a God “out there”, and certainly not one who performed miracles and other magic. It annoyed me slightly that at the age of sixteen I had peremptorily been excluded from the class of “modern man” because I could.
I was reminded of all this as I’m ploughing through John Sailhamer’s magnum opus on the Pentateuch, which has nothing to do with creation or evolution at all as such but is fascinating. There’s a chapter on the interpretive history of the Old Testament, in which he points out that as soon as the Enlightenment began to influence Bible Scholarship, the first thing to go in Old Testment Studies was the doctrine of providence.
particular signs and wonders, was not special for God’s directing its history.
But Enlightenment Deism axiomatically scorned not only the miraculous and the truth of the traditional stories of God’s involvement, but on the grounds of the primacy of reason, it rejected the idea of God’s provident involvement in the world. Since the work of Newton and his like was showing the world to function, like a clock, by rational laws, the God of reason could by no-means stoop to lesser means like contingency (ie choosing to change things).
Sir Isaac Newton and his followers have also a very odd opinion concerning the work of God. According to their doctrine, God Almighty wants to wind up his watch from time to time: otherwise it would cease to move. He had not, it seems, sufficient foresight to make it a perpetual motion.
Sailhamer describes how, in rejecting Deism, Evangelical scholarship nevertheless absorbed enough of its rationalism to have two particular results. Firstly, the doctrine of providence shrunk to God’s “miraculous” intervention in the history of Israel or the life of the Christian believer. God may well have delivered Israel from Egypt and given them Canaan, but that was “salvation history”, and he usually leaves the world to itself.
The second effect on Evangelical thinking was the tendency – very dominant in the nineteenth century but common in my own lifetime – to rationalise miracles away: the turning of the Nile to blood was an influx of silt from upstream flooding, and the other plagues followed naturally from that; the crossing of the Jordan was possible because of the known phenomenon of landslips further up; psychosomatic disease explains Jesus’s healings etc.
Now Deism went the way of all fads, and I’ve remarked before on how, amongst Evangelicals, biblical miracles are taken far more for granted than when I was younger. Perhaps the Charismatic Renewal influenced that – but perhaps it’s also the fact that, Hume’s parochial claims notwithstanding, accounts of miracles remain pervasive throughout the world .
But we’d need a much more nuanced survey to separate out those who believe there are gaps in the natural order of things that need constant intervention from a divine agent (the typical Intelligent Design position), and those who affirm that God set up a natural process and actively sustains it without needing to intervene miraculously to bring about his desired goals (the typical evolutionary creation position).
Now, to me that position, given as that of most of BioLogos, seems indistinguishable from the position of Leibniz against Newton. It assumes that it is preferable for God to act through “natural law”, and that if he didn’t it would be through inability to “get it right first time,” (in Leibniz’s words, “make it a perpetual motion” ).
Similarly, much TE writing does what Sailhamer describes Evangelicals doing in response to Deism back in the day: accepting divine action in biblical miracles like the resurrection (but not necessarily the creation of Adam and Eve, or in the divine superintendence of Scriptural inspiration), and in the conversion and life of believers, but not in the governance of the rest of the world.
Evolutionary Creation treats divine action as a problem that nobody is quite able to solve, but without a strong doctrine of divine action (whether or not you have a philosophical theory like concurrence to intellectualise it) there cannot be the kind of doctrine of providence that underpins the biblical worldview.
If God does not act directly in nature, how can he determine the boundaries of nations? The subject isn’t brought up in origins questions, so it’s hard to know whether the question is left unanswered, or whether it is concluded that God doesn’t govern the nations that way, but that all is explained by secular historical concepts. Conversely, if God answers prayer directly, even on rare occasions, on what principle is it inappropriate for him to act beyond what natural law alone will accomplish in the created order?
My conclusion is that the principle involved, though buried by now in the subsconscious, is the same as that which led to the rise of Deism in the first place: that somehow for God to act in “personal” ways is messy and unsuitable to the cool loftiness of pure reason. A mathematical law looks beautiful: multiplying loaves and fish and leaving leftovers is messy. Or perhaps in the “religious” sphere such untidiness is acceptable. But in science, though it takes place in God’s world just the same, the equivalent would be that God himself determines the natures of the fish (perhaps they are Cichlids?) or influences their natural multiplication as he caused their miraculous increase. That’s just unreasonable.
And if that’s the case (and I can’t think of any more solid reason – just the very much less solid reasons of “free-creation” theodicy) then restricting God to “natural causes” in evolution is just an attempt to keep Deism on life support for a bit longer. Which is a bit passé, isn’t it?
A half-appropriate song to round off.
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I have a choice between guided evolution vs. God working through nature? Are those the options?
Ok, so let’s take the first. What is guided evolution? I used to think that it simply mean’t God created everything with the desired affect that everything He wanted would appear (or evolve). But from my understand of you Jon, that is not Guided Evolution. That is some sort of light-deism (jump in anytime if I misunderstood you). But anymore that, reminds me of a scene from Apollo 13; when one of the astronauts needs to pilot the module toward Earth, he has to add a little bit of thrust here, a little more there, tap the controller slightly more left, until he has the Earth perfectly aligned to let gravity do the rest and pull them in. The point being, without them interfering with the natural path of the module with all the slight thrusts, the module would have slipped out to space. I think the metaphor is appropriate here and reminiscent of what Liebniz was referring to (not that I know anything about him). I sounds like what you are saying is without God making slight modifications along the way, nature and everything in it would have run amok. But this contradicts features of nature such as predictability and the laws of nature. These two things seem to work together just fine. We know laws exist and it helps is make certain predictions. But how can we ever claim that there are laws of nature when really God is interfering with the law? How can we ever make predictions, which we already do if at any moment, God can steer things away from their “natural” path?
Hi, Hanan. I’ll jump in with my comment before Jon replies.
Your post starts out well, and then, in the last four sentences, appears to go off the rails.
I like your example from the Apollo 13 movie. That is how I picture “guided” evolution. Of course, the guidance could be very, very fine; it might occur at the subatomic level and might be non-detectable by our scientific methods. The point, however, is that, without the guidance, evolution would take a different path. Thus, for example, without God’s subtle steering, maybe life on earth would never have got beyond single-celled creatures. Or maybe it would have got to dinosaurs and no further, so that God had to steer an asteroid to earth to wipe them out. Or maybe it would have got to primates, but not beyond simple lemurs. Etc. The point is that in a “guided” model of evolution there is a special divine action that makes a difference to the outcomes of evolution. When I speak of evolution as being “guided” or “steered” this is what I have in mind. Among the TE/EC folks, the only one I know who clearly endorses such a model is Robert Russell (who sees God acting decisively but invisibly underneath quantum indeterminacy).
On the other hand, if evolution is set up from the very beginning of life to unfold in a certain way, with certain precise outcomes, but all by natural causes, without any steering or guiding by God (however subtle), I would call that front-loaded or programmed evolution. Very few TE/EC people seem to endorse this model, but if anyone does, it is probably Denis Lamoureux. But one ID person endorses it, and that is Michael Denton.
Now, to your last few sentences. You object that God’s steering would amount to tampering with the laws of nature to the point where our scientific study of nature would be invalid. But this need not be the case. In fact, evolution, at least of the Darwinian kind, does not proceed due to laws of nature anyway. It proceeds in accord with contingencies, i.e., particular events. For example, suppose an asteroid strike did wipe out the dinosaurs. Well, there is no “law of evolution” that forces asteroids to strike planets when dinosaurs are ruling, so that mammals can take over. It just happened that an asteroid struck. Maybe on some other planet dinosaurs still rule, because no asteroid struck. It’s all contingency, not natural laws, that determines what happens in Darwinian evolution. So if Darwin was right about evolution, how could God guarantee any outcomes? And the answer is: God couldn’t.
But if you supplement Darwinian chance with adjustments by God, you can take even Darwinian evolution and guarantee outcomes, much as the astronauts in your movie brought the ship back on course.
Does this scenario — God’s tinkering here and there — undermine science? Not at all. No one is saying that God changes the laws of physics, the laws of chemistry, etc. The planets will still go on obeying Kepler’s laws, Newton’s laws, etc. Hydrogen and oxygen will still make up water. Plants will still make food by photosynthesis. Male and female animals will still get together to produce young. It is only when evolution needs to be kept on track to produce certain desired outcomes, that God intervenes, and even then, he doesn’t change the laws themselves, but only adjusts their application here and there. So scientists can still go on treating the universe as law-bound. The only thing they can’t treat as law-bound is Darwinian evolution. But Darwinian evolution is not law-bound anyway; it works by a series of historical events, not by a series of scientific principles. All that God is changing is the sequence of events, not the basic rules of nature.
Human beings do this all the time. If you hit a line drive in baseball, it might go right into the stands; at least it would go far into the outfield. That is what natural law would have the ball do. But if the shortstop leaps up and catches the ball, its flight is interrupted. Does that deny the laws of physics? Not at all. It just diverts the course of a particular ball, changing the historical outcome of that ball’s motion. The next time someone hits a line drive, the shortshop might miss the catch, and the ball would proceed as normal. The natural laws haven’t been changed at all. Rather, the course of events has been changed because an intelligent actor has entered into the picture. I don’t think you would say, that because a shortstop sometimes catches the ball, all of ballistics will have to be thrown out because we can never know that a ball will keep going on its course. I think you would say: The ball will carry on in its course unless someone or something gets in the way to stop it. It’s the same with guided evolution. Darwinian evolution will produce whatever messy outcomes it produces, in its stumbling blind search for workable forms, unless someone or something directs it along a path it would never otherwise take. So guided evolution is no more incompatible with good science than a shortstop’s catch is with good physics.
What guided evolution is incompatible with is atheism — the doctrine that everything in the universe happens due to either natural laws or blind contingencies, because there exists no intelligence that could direct the universe to any ends or purpose.
The TE/EC attitude to guided evolution is very strange. If you mention Denton to them, they will spurn programmed or front-loaded evolution as “too Deistic” — they say that the Biblical God is “mightily hands-on” and no distant programmer who merely sets the ball rolling. But then if you say, OK, God is guiding evolution, they are just as offended. They want God to keep his hands off and let natural processes do all the work. And since they are all neo-Darwinists, that means leaving it to chance whether or not man, or any other creature, will ever emerge from the process. Yet they say that God created man. In what sense it is “creating” anything to roll the cosmic dice?
In other words, TE/EC folks are extremely mixed up, conceptually. They seem incapable of thinking in a straight line, of reasoning from premise to conclusion. How they got this way, nobody knows. But the typical TE/EC combination of American pietist, non-confessional, free-church mental culture and a philosophy-free scientific training seems to have a lot to do with it.
The apostle Paul told the people of Lystra that God had given them a witness by providing rains from heaven and fruitful seasons (Acts 14:17). Was Paul saying that God performed regular miracles by which rains fell on the plains of Lycaonia? If instead we were to point to Mediterranean weather patterns under natural laws governing evaporation, winds, condensation, etc., would we be refuting Paul’s point? Diminishing his point? Or can a natural law-based explanation of “rains and fruitful seasons” in Asia Minor be fully compatible with Paul’s message. Remember, Paul said that the life-giving patterns of wind and rain were “a witness” to God as benevolent provider.
Likewise, then, why does it detract a whit from God’s glory to say that evolution, like the weather, can be fully God’s work, with ends entirely foreseen and planned for (even asteroid impacts) even if carried forward under God’s minded maintenance of lawlike regularities?
I have no theological objection to God’s working through “lawlike regularities” (e.g., the cycle of rainfall). The problem is that neo-Darwinian evolution, as conceived by atheists and TEs alike, does not proceed by “lawlike regularities” but by a series of contingent events.
When we explain the movement of a planet around the sun, we explain it in terms of lawlike regularities. When we explain the French Revolution, we explain it as the outcome of a series of contingent events. We do not say that the French Revolution was produced by any “law” of history. Neo-Darwinian evolution is more like the French Revolution than like the orbit of a planet.
Yet TE/EC folks, especially at BioLogos, don’t like talking about God’s intimate involvement in that way. They can’t make up their minds what they believe in: a God who is always personally active in what happens, or a God who gives nature authority to do the creating itself, and stands back with his hands off. And when you press them on this, they give obscure answers or go silent. Venema, Falk, Giberson, Applegate, Ard Louis, and many other American TE/EC leaders practice this studied evasion. They seem to be trying to negotiate a tightrope walk, not wanting to commit themselves to a God who actually makes a difference (because then they would face the scorn of secular humanist, naturalistic biologists) and not wanting to endorse a remote Deistic God either. Basically, they don’t know what they think, or do know but aren’t telling. And as long as they practice this evasiveness, as long as they won’t tackle the question of divine action in evolution head-on, they cannot possibly make any serious gains in the evangelical world.
Evangelicals believe in a personal God who acts, and they want to hear TE/EC leaders saying that God acts — and acts in a way that makes a difference to evolutionary outcomes. To most evangelicals, the TE/EC God looks like a dice-roller who hopes that if he makes enough galaxies, eventually a dice roll will produce man. That’s not the Biblical God, that’s not the traditional Christian God, and true evangelicals will have nothing to do with such a God. TE/EC needs to find some intellectual clarity, and some public spine, on this question. Otherwise it will remain a liberal rump within the evangelical world. Most evangelicals will reject it, secular humanist scientists will reject it, and it will have to be content with its shrinking (down from 38 to 31 per cent) share of American support.
Eddie’s answered Hanan well, but one quick addition: for my money, either “preloaded” or “real-time guided” evolution do justice to a wise God, for the simple reason that his wisdom lies in deciding his goals (which include both the general result and the detailed outworkings, such as you and me) and creates the means to fulfill them.
They both differ from the God who creates a largely ateleological system to see where it ends up, maybe making it likely that something intelligent evolves with hands or tentacles, which he then calls “man”. That is gambling, not creation, and is the model many TEs certainly hold.
The problem with frontloaded evolution is that we have no evidence that it can be targeted that precisely – it’s no longer a Laplacian universe. One reason Apollo needed mid-course correction is that it’s impossible – even in theory – to calculate trajectories precisely when several bodies are involved (earth, moon, sun, planets, spacecraft). The means are insufficient for the effect: you just can’t create a Universe with initial conditions that guarantee the K-T event at the right time.
…because it speaks only of laws and cannot contemplate their suspension, that is, miracles, which are of the essence of the idea of Revelation. Thus the God of Physical Theology may very easily become an idol; for he comes to the inductive mind in the medium of fixed appointments, so excellent, so skillful, so beneficient, that when it has for a long time gazed upon them, it will think them too beautiful to be broken, and will at length so contract its notion of Him as to conclude that He never could have the heart (if I may dare to use such a term) to undo or mar his own work; and this conclusion will be the first step towards its degrading its idea of God a second time, and identifying Him with His works. Indeed, a Being of Power, Wisdom and Goodness, and nothing else, is not very different from the God of the Pantheist.
That’s where I come from too (though I’d be more nuanced on the “natural-supernatural” divide). He voices much of what I say in the article (though I was unaware of him when I wrote). The fact that panentheism, at least, has been a prominent player in the “divine action” project seems to confirm his fears.
One more thing. Ed Feser has a recent column on “laws and causation”, in which he mentions that the very concept of “natural law” is problematic, and certainly pushes us towards ideas like “violation”. It’s actually quite hard to contemplate where those laws actually are.
It arose from a comparison with torah, essentially, specifically in order to “free” science from the ideas of final and formal causation. In A-T thinking regularity was explained by substantial form and teleology: if you like, God makes particles, or creatures, with natures that produce certain ends. It works just as well as law does, mathematically.
But it gives a greater sense of space for contingency, for there’s no reason why God shouldn’t make each particle slightly differently, so that the regularity comes from the average of their action, rather than being a strict law each of them is tied to. That fits with Maxwell’s treatment of laws, actually, which are based on the statistical sum of what particles do, not what individual particles do.
To reply to Darek’s point, one needs to understand that special providence (pre-Deism) simply did not mean regular miracles instead of, or as well as, natural events. Rather, providence says that all events are subject both to the regularity of God and his contingent choices – the regular seasons are his, but so is the witholding of rain in a particular time and place as a judgement, say. It is legitimate to pray for the weather, without expecting a miracle. I did something on that here.
I come down closer to occasionalism than anything else–but with many qualifications, not to mention that I make no pretenses to skill in philosophical hair-splitting.
patterned working and foresees its every outcome, he is not pushed out to a cosmic distance as a deistic clockmaker. That is what perhaps the TEs at Biologos are nervous about–without any justification in my view.
And of course I do not believe that God is locked out by quantum indeterminacy; the fact that differences in certain outcomes in QM have no physical cause does not mean they have no mental cause, which they do and which is the divine purpose. God holds quantum events in his hands as much as any others.
Evolution is a process of growth-with-differentiation. Like the growth of embryos or plants writ large. Notice what Jesus says about plant development: “For the earth brings for fruit of itself: first the blade, then the ear, then the full grain in the ear” (Mark 4:28). From one perspective the process occurs “of itself” or as a product of the earth “by itself.” Just as evolution from a materialist perspective seems to occur “of itself.” But Paul cites the larger reality, saying “God was making it grow” (1 Cor 3:7). God is the one empowering the process unseen except to the eyes of understanding and faith.
The Genesis creation story begins with echoes of embryonic life–the watery darkness, the undifferentiated character of what is developing, yet superintended by the divine Spirit the whole time. Cf. Gen 1:2; Eccl 11:5.
God appoints the deaf, the seeing, and the blind, not by miraculously striking babies with blindness but by foreseeing and taking responsibility for every such circumstance and providing for a positive eventuality (cf. John 9:3). Yet at the physical level birth defects are often the result of “random” mutations.
I incline toward patience with those at Biologos. They are still learning, as we all are.
I take your point about the weather passage – clearly in that context the main message is “God is reliable in his provision”, and if we’re relating that to science, it’s the lawlike processes that are in view. The problem only comes if that becomes the sum total of God’s activity and he’s not “allowed” to act in nature apart from “Law”. That leads inevitably to a Deistic position (or one that has been called “Semi-Deism”, where Deistic science is partitioned off from pietistic faith, in the latter case occasional divine action being admitted).
Your use of the embryology metaphor for evolution is an interesting spin on the recent BioLogos reference to “Let the earth bring forth…” as an indicator of quasi-independent secondary causation. It’s reading too much into the Genesis text, but is a reasonable way of seeing things.
I’ve said here (and at BioLogos) before that the root meaning of evolution is an unfolding of what is inherent – just like the emergence of plant from seed or animal from egg, and that seems to be implicit in what you describe. Many of the original TEs saw things that way. But it’s important to realise that Darwinian evolution was conceived as a deliberate denial of that whole viewpoint, as Étienne Gilson unpacks in From Aristotle to Darwin and Back Again. That’s why Darwin didn’t use the word “evolution” until its popular usage by Spencer forced it on him.
For “embryological-type” evolution implies that the information for the final result was inherent in the seed – whether that be seen as information in the evolving LUCA or in the environment and the laws by which it lived. Both inevitably suggest a designer who originally implanted that information. Both are problematic in terms of actually locating the information: natural laws contain minimal information (which is why they are regular), DNA shows no sign of implicit future evolution, and so on.
Darwin denied that developmental view, and instead put the weight on random search and selection actually creating new information, which is why a designer becomes unnecessary (if it works). It seems to me that BioLogos, in placing its bets on “mainline science”, is either endorsing the “unfolding” model without realising it’s denying Darwin, or else is in a muddle in trying to make God the author of an undirected process.
My problem with them is that they’ve shown themselves unwilling, over the last three years or more, to engage with serious critiques and discussions of such things, or even to state clearly which position they take. It suggests that, with the exception of guys like Ted Davis, they don’t really appreciate the important relationship between metaphysics and philosophy and the theological and scientific outcomes.
They may still be learning, but if these issues have become obvious to a tyro like me in the five years I’ve been working on it seriously, then one would expect the guys with the expertise and the Templeton Grant to appreciate them too. Such issues, after all, were raised even in Darwin’s own time.
I don’t think that either Jon or I would disagree with Polkinghorne’s statement as it stands. But how does Polkinghorne apply it to evolution?
It’s one thing to say God doesn’t always have to be poking his finger in, but for Polkinghorne, is God ever poking his finger in? I would guess that P., like many BioLogos TEs, imagines that God “poked his finger in” for some New Testament miracles; I wonder if P., any more than the BioLogos folks, would be comfortable imagining God “poking his finger in” in the evolutionary process (between the Big Bang and the arrival of man).
There is a definite preference among BioLogos folks that God should not poke his finger in, until it comes time for Biblical miracles. Thus, in the BioLogos picture, divine action is “deistic” until Biblical times, then “theistic” for the period of the Bible and maybe the early Church, and then (at least for those Protestant TEs who are cessationists) “deistic” again. So mechanistic, reductionist explanations for everything are the right approach except for Biblical miracles. For me, there is something rotten in Denmark with such a convenient deistic/theistic switch. It’s as if the BioLogos folks want to be good modern Enlightened people most of the time, but want to hold out a small private zone for miracles that is limited to concerns over Jesus and individual salvation. I don’t like such a compartmentalized model of divine action, which I think is neither Biblical nor traditional — or for that matter very philosophically consistent.
Eddie, since Polkinghorne refers to “all these natural processes”, and I’m sure Polkinghorne sees evolution as one of those, then it seems safe to conclude that Polkinghorne isn’t holding out evolution as separately excluded from being an expression of God’s will.
I know such a brief teaser has none of the details you would want about exactly *how* Polkinghorne (or any TEs) thinks God’s will would be expressed in evolutionary processes, and that always seems to be the crux of the matter. You and Jon are frustrated with their perceived long-standing unwillingness to speak to those details.
Could it be that the above hypothetical objection in quotes parallels your demands that TEs bear the burden of showing exactly where this “God-nature” interface is and exactly how it works?
Polkinghorne’s an interesting “case”, it seems to me. On the one hand, he’s written paragraphs that are amongst the strongest I’ve seen on the moral imperative for God to allow creation its autonomy, and he is one of those who applies the Open Theist agenda to nature on that very basis.
Now to my ears, he’s positively affirming that God does act in real time in nature, by the input of new information, and that the world is made sufficiently different thereby to leave detectable gaps in the “bottom-up” evidence. Is that not how it sounds to you? If so, bully for him.
What I can’t get my head round is how that is consistent with what he has written elsewhere about the fact that it would be wrong for God to “coerce” nature (“a puppetmaster God” is his own phrase) rather than leaving it free to make itself. But that is exactly what the input of new information is – divine formal causation, the opposite of autonomy. Indeed it’s a true case of ex nihilo creation, for something completely new (the information) has been added to the universe just as surely as if he’d input new energy or new matter.
I’ve been reminded (twice) today that God is described as the “author of life” (Acts 3.15), which is a description of a very informationally complete creatorial role in nature, and thoroughly consistent with Hanan’s Polkinghorne quote if it refers to God’s natural law-like created processes, or to the input of new information as above. God wills, things happen – that’s the biblical doctrine of creation.
But I hit a rock if Polkinghorne actually means that “God’s will” is that Creation should be “allowed to make itself in its own time and its own way”, free from the “puppet theatre” and “enslaved world” in which “everything dances to God’s tune” (all quotes from just one paragraph of Polkinghorne).
So Polkinghorne too appears to be self-contradictory, or at least cryptic. How can we take quotes at face value when he seems to keep to contradictory views of creation at one and the same time? Nevertheless, I’m less interested by what one person’s position may be than by where the truth lies.
I disagree with you, Merv, when you suggest the issue is about justified unwillingness to commit oneself on unknown mechanisms. When P, for example, speaks about God’s adding new information to the Universe, that is essentially a theological claim consistent with Scripture. The “How” is much less important than the “Whether”, though it’s legitimate to discuss the relative theological likelihood of God’s “frontloading” or “directing” nature. It would also, on P’s argument, be legitimate to discuss whether the known natural mechanisms are insufficient, which would indicate one of P’s “legitimate gaps” may exist for the input of information by God.
In fact, nobody would be sensible to ask “how” God acts from a scientific point of view, because (to use your previous analogy, Merv), the scientific study of a book is logically incapable of telling you how the information came to be therein . The whole issue is theological and metaphysical, not scientific.
It seems to me that it is eminently reasonable to ask TE/EC leaders to clearly distinguish their view from atheism.
To me, Merv, that is just not acceptable. But more important, it is not acceptable to the evangelical world in the USA, and if TE/EC leaders persist in this evasive answer, their numbers will continue to plummet, as people abandon TE/EC for atheism on one hand, fundamentalism on another, Pentecostalism on another, and ID on another.
What I want to hear BioLogos say is that God intended every last outcome of evolution, and saw to it that all the physical causes were in place to guarantee those outcomes. I want to hear them say that nothing (regarding final outcomes, I mean) was left to chance or randomness, and that nature had no “freedom” to produce anything other than exactly what God wanted, when God wanted it. When I hear them say this, I will leave them alone. But in 5 years not one of them has said it. There has to be a reason why they won’t say it. I think it’s because they don’t believe it.
Please note that informational content can be a tricky business. An algorithm can be brief and yet generate stunningly complex and beautiful results. Laws and initial conditions can seem simple, as well, but constitute the seed of immense complexity.
Most of us would like to envision a working of God that leaves room for “free will” (perhaps “genuine will” is a better term since no human will is free in every sense) for intelligent creatures. And room for God to work in atypical as well as typical ways (“miracles” as well as law-like regularity). Some TEs, probably including Polkinghorne, seem to want to extend freedom to some unconscious physical processes, including those of evolution. One could draw a rough analogy to panpsychism, which is fairly popular among secular thinkers in philosophy of mind.
The idea of freedom for unconscious processes to set their own creative course, presumably within certain limits, could be a kind of aesthetic choice. In a post-modern environment it might feel unnecessarily rigid and controlling (does the word “patriarchal” come to mind?) of God to set the plan of creation with only the will of intelligent creatures as the variable. The more I think about it, the more I suspect this is a matter of intellectual fashion. For myself, I scarcely see the need to confer freedom on unintelligent causes. Naturally, doing so will irritate those who incline toward traditional theism, while appealing to the process-minded and open theists.
John Lennox (a mathematician of course) also mentions the question of algorithmic complexity (and information theory is one of those “must read” issues in these discussions – Yockey’s book is a good start – see the “Books we like” section). Basically, computer science shows that no algorithm (or mathematical equation) can generate information that wasn’t already inherent within it – it simply presents it in new ways.
That leaves room, as you say, for generating some forms of great complexity from simple algorithms, an advanced example being the Mandelbrot series, but expressly not the kind of semiotic complexity that you find in Merv’s book metaphor or in living organisms. Fractals in organisms, then, can be algorithmic – but simple laws are just conceptually incapable of generating complex organisation as opposed to complex ordering.
This is the question of Kolmogorov complexity. The shortest algorithm, for example, necessary to compute the human genome would be almost the same length as the code itself – longer, in fact, since we now know there is three dimensional, not just linear, functionality in DNA. The only bits you could compress are repetitive elements like ALU, where the algorithm could say “print [this sequence] 100 times”.
The “freedom” issue is, as you’ll quickly see if you risk the search function, the biggest bugbear I’ve had with most publishing TE proponents, who see it as a theological necessity. You’ve correctly linked it to process-theology, which has had a big hold on the science-faith academic project on which current theistic evolution was largely based – they jettison the panpsychism but retain its consequences.
But panpsychism apart (as it surely must be in a Christian context), it’s not so much about the non-necessity of granting freedom to unintelligent causes, as the frank incoherence of the idea. Freedom entails will, which entails rational consciousness. Therefore you can’t give unintelligent causes freedom, any more than you can give teaspoons the vote.
Karl Giberson admitted recently that in these discussions “freedom” is actually being used as a metaphor for “chance”, confirming my long-standing assertion that the whole oedipal “patriarch-aversion” talk is empty rhetoric – but it’s rhetoric which is being used to invent a new theology of both nature and of God himself, which is serious.
As soon as you say God “gives” unintelligent causes “chance” (ie he does not coerce govern that chance as in classical and biblical theology), you realise it means no more than that God gambles with his universe rather than governing it prudently. Secondary causes are, actually, submitted to the oppression of a determining fate apart from God rather than to his wise choice – their “freedom” is illusory, except that they have no capacity to distinguish illuison from reality.
If I’m irritated by that it’s because it’s self-contradictory and promoted as theologically orthodox – indeed as a necessary replacement for historic orthodoxy.

industry_corpus2: Subject Education


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“Are you sure it’s legal?” Is a question I got from a lot of people when I said I was going to Russia without a visa. “You’re visiting Moscow and St Petersburg both?” was the next question. In 72 hours? To all these three questions, the answer was YES.
This is exactly what we did. I booked a tour with Go Russia which ticked all these boxes. In this post I will tell you the itinerary and highlights of our trip. In later posts I will give a day by day account of our trip.
Arrive in Helsinki, board the St Peterline ferry, the Princess Anastasia to St Petersburg. The Princess Anastasia leaves Helsinki at 1900 in the evening and arrives in St Petersburg at 0800 the next morning.
Arrive in St. Petersburg, through customs and immigration, and meet with our guide and driver.
The Peter and Paul Fortress is the original citadel of St. Petersburg, Russia, founded by Peter the Great. The fortress contains the Peter and Paul Cathedral the tallest bell tower in the city centre and a gilded cupola. The cathedral is the burial place of all Russian tsars from Peter I to Alexander III, with the exception of Peter II and Ivan VI.
Also known as Catherine’s Palace, Tsarskoye Selo was the residence of the imperial family and visiting nobility. It is located 15 miles outside the centre of Saint Petersburg, and has a lavish palace and beautiful gardens.
The Grand Express train leaves St Petersburg around 2340 and arrives in Moscow the next morning about 0800. It is a luxurious trains with comfortable beds, TV screens and breakfast in bed.
We arrived in Moscow, about 0800. Our driver met us at the station and took us to our hotel. We refreshed and had breakfast at the hotel, after which our guide came to pick us up for the tour of the day.
We returned to the hotel in the evening and relaxed for a few hours. Later on we boarded the sleeper train back to St Petersburg.
Arrive in St Petersburg about 0800. Our guide and driver picked us up at the station and took us for breakfast at a fantastic cafe.
In the evening, we boarded the ferry to back Helsinki, after 2 and a half days in Russia.
Arrive in Helsinki, short stop at the Helsinki city centre.
Early afternoon, we boarded the flight back to UK.
It was a 5 days whirlwind tour of two great cities and countless attractions. I love trips where I can see and do a lot, but this one surpassed any such trips I have undertaken before (see my China Trip) or since (See my Europe Trip). But I don’t mind telling you, by day 5 we were knackered, so it is definitely not for the faint hearted.
Tune in over the next few weeks to find out more about each day of our trip.
Thank you so much for sharing! I had no idea you could visit without a visa if you stayed under 72 hours. Looks like I’ll have to add a short trip to Russia soon!

industry_corpus2: Travel & Geography


text:
If you are prepared to throw yourself into the Ontraport Internship world, it has one of the best affiliate programs on the market. I will be talking about that too later on.
In case you’ve never created a sales funnel before then Ontraport Internship has you covered.
While Ontraport Internship gives you a wonderful starting point with its funnel and page templates, the Ontraport Internship editor is the place you can truly make each page in your funnel your own.
Elements (or widgets) are all vital for providing you the flexibility to design the specific pages you woud like and Ontraport Internship gives you a large variety of them to use.
The Ontraport Internship affiliate program pays out 40% recurring commissions for each referral you make and you can win cool prizes like $500 towards your own dream car as soon as you hit 100 active referrals.
Ontraport Internship also has another excellent feature for affiliates called share funnels.
Ontraport Internship limits you to 20 funnels, 100 pages, and 20,000 visitors on their cheapest plan. I’m really not a fan of software products that limit you in this way.
That is why Ontraport Internship put so much work into the onboarding process to help ease you into the software. The Ontraport interface is fairely well designed for the most part and when you’ve assembled a couple funnels yourself, the entire process does get easier over time.
Ontraport Internship support is fairly good in my experience, although they can be a little slow in responding. They use Intercom, so you may immediately ask questions in the live chat box. Support requests are usually answered in a couple of hours and I found the staff to pretty helpful to all my questions.
Even though Ontraport Internship has its own email service provider via Actionetics, it also integrates directly with all the best email marketing software on the market.
I believe Ontraport Internship gets some negative buzz around it due to all of the affiliates who are making an effort to market it.
There are a few Ontraport Internship alternatives out there which share a number of the same capabilities as Ontraport Internship. Two that I use myself are LeadPages and Ontraport.
However, if you are selling a service or product, then Ontraport Internship is the better choice. While it comes with a higher learning curve than Leadpages, once you master the tool, you can really explode your sales as soon as you begin creating sales funnels for each of your products.
Ontraport is a product that lets users build amazing, high converting checkout pages. Which gives it a lot in common with Ontraport Internship.
Ontraport does permit you to add order bumps, upsells and downsells such as Ontraport Internship does. You can also quickly create coupons for your products which is just another terrific way to increase conversions.
However, where Ontraport is missing, is the capability to capture leads and build complete sales funnels. The products come in at the same $97 a month price point, and I find Ontraport Internship to be quite a bit more flexible and powerful than Ontraport.
Otherwise, Ontraport Internship could be overkill for you. You can collect leads or sell your front end product more cheaply using alternative services.

industry_corpus2: Computing & Telecommunications


text:
An exciting opportunity has arisen for a Telephone Sales Consultant in our Club Services Team, at our Salon Success office based in Aylesbury.
To drive sales through proactive customer contact, identifying sales opportunities and growing our business through imparting sound product knowledge with the specific aim of being our customers’ best business relationship.
Take ownership of the sales order process, ensuring a seamless customer experience, from the moment the order is placed, to its safe and timely delivery.
Proactively contact salons to increase awareness of promotions, events and education opportunities.
Provide Customer Service and Support dealing with any queries, complaints, stock enquiries or returns.
Work closely with Salon Business Consultants within a specific territory (to be assigned) to assist with journey planning and time management and to identify and maximise sales opportunities.
Work closely with other departments to maintain an up to date awareness of stock levels and credit status.
If this sounds like the challenge you are looking for please apply. It’s simple to do, just upload your CV and if we think you would be a great match we’ll give you a call to get to know you further. Looking forward to hearing from you!

industry_corpus2: Others


text:
Well…..maybe not totally……but while the machine is taking over the washing duties, I’ve got lots to catch up on in the sewing room….
I have some “Nice People, Nice Things” to catch up on too…..
and seeing spring is well and truly in the air up here in the tropical north…..
…..I think I’ll design my block for the ladies from our “Sew It’s Finished” blog who manage to eliminate complete a UFO, this month, from their ever-growing pile of UFOs ……..or does that just happen at my house!!???
Lovely stitching you are getting done Wendy..
We are having a beautiful Spring day here. I am enjoying it before the HEAT hits..
So much gorgeous stitchy goodness!!


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Where does palo santo come from?
Deep in the dry tropical forests of South America lay an ancient tree by the name of Palo Santo (which translates to Holy Wood) that’s been used for centuries dating back to the era of the Incas. Known for it’s indigenous medicinal purposes it has been cultivated for its incense and oil properties. Be it the wood shavings burned for smudging, the oil that’s distilled to be used in massaging/diffusing or boiled in water for tea, Burserea Graveolens has highly spiritual purifying and healing properties.
With an ancient lineage native to Mexico, Mexico, Yucatán Peninsula to Peru and Venezuela, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Colombia, Ecuador and Galapagos Islands the Palo Santo tree falls into the same family as frankincense and myrrh. The mystical ‘Holy Wood’ tree has an element of citrus and emits succulent hints of sweet lemon, pine and mint. The wood is used in a variety of ways to cleanse energy and improve health.
What is Palo Santo essential oil?
Ethically harvested from dead wood, the essential oil goes thru a chemical-free process of distillation. The therapeutic properties of the oil range from the ability to heighten positive moods, increase vitality and aid for protection against negative energies. The simplest way to use the essential oil is through simple massage and skin absorption and can also be used in your diffuser.
How to use in your meditation practice?
As in all meditation, there are numerous accompaniments that can be incorporated into the healing process. The use of Palo Santo helps in the vibrational preparation for meditation. Oil is generally applied to the body usually along the base of the skull or spine aiding in relaxation. The burning of wood shavings or sticks can be used during smudging and relieve the energy fields of negative thoughts and feelings.
Apart from the divine and energetic benefits Holy Wood has been used by ancient South Americans to alleviate bad energies and heal health ailments too. With properties that are known to calm the immune and nervous system things like common colds, flu symptoms, stress, asthma, headaches, anxiety and inflammation are all know to be cured or eased through the use of oil, smudging and/or tea. It’s even known to contain high levels of D-Limonene and monoterpenes, which make it helpful in reducing cancer symptoms.
Why use palo santo instead of sage for cleansing your space?
With many different types of trees and herbs to cleanse and smudge with, sage happens to be the most commonly known however the use of Palo Santo breeds benefits unlike any other. Containing a more fragrant aroma than most burning woods Palo Santo is highly beneficial for those who find the pungent smell of sage to be harsh or are allergic. Also, the Palo Santo tree is harvested with sustainability in mind and is harvested and used alive or dead; essential oils are extracted from dead trees and fallen branches by using vapor distillation.
How do you burn palo santo?
Just like incense and sage, the natural aromatic wood has been used for centuries and serves similar healing and cleansing properties. The wood is cut into shavings or sticks and is burned using a source of fire, preferably a candle or matches. Allow the wood to burn for 30 seconds to 1 minute and lightly blow out the flame. As with any other smudging session, move about the area you’re cleansing to clear out the energy.
How do you make palo santo tea?
With benefits relating to improving the immune, Palo Santo tea is perfect for treating common colds and flu and can be easily made in only a few steps.
Place 1-2 teaspoons of shavings into 1-2 cups of water in a sauce pan; for a stronger flavor add more shavings.
Add a little of your favorite sweetener and serve.

industry_corpus2: Health & Medicine


text: Born of forbidden love, the almond taste of Amaretto has been used for centuries as a wonderful ingredient for drinks, as well as foods and desserts. Now, the mixologists at Premium Blend bring you the newest almond specialty, Amore di Verano. For use at the bar, or in the kitchen, the rich, sweet flavor of Amore di Verano adds the perfect touch to all of your recipes.

industry_corpus2: Agriculture & Fisheries


text:
Model No. AX7560 by: Astro Lighting.
List price £173.21 You save £51.96!
The Polished Nickel 7560 Cabin Wall Lantern for Exterior Lighting, manufactured by Astro Lighting (SKU 1368004), is a wall-mounted fitting whose immaculate brass finish emulates a vintage quality.
The eye-catching frame encases a filament bulb for decorative purposes, and it is recommended to use a vintage-style light bulb, and an energy-efficient LED bulb with an old-school filament will save you money on your energy bill (the lamp has to be purchased separately).
Rated at IP44, it is well-positioned on the upper reaches of your house’s front wall, somewhere above the front door, to deliver that inviting spread of illumination. It adds both style and lighting to your exterior house front.
This model is covered by a 3 year guarantee; however, this does not apply if it is installed within 5 miles of the coast or in a high salt environment.
Wall mounted light fitting with a Polished Nickel structure and clear glass diffuser.
Part of the Cabin range of exterior lights from Astro Lighting, traditional style.
Finish: Polished Nickel structure and clear glass diffuser.
Lamp used: 1 x 60W max E27 lamp, not included. Max. lamp length: 150mm. It can take a LED lamp.
Model: Astro Lighting 7560 Cabin Polished Nickel exterior wall mounted light with clear diffuser (1368004).
Note: this fitting is covered by a 3-year warranty from the manufacturer provided it is not installed within 5 miles from the coast.

industry_corpus2: Manufacturing


text:
Several U.S. Senate committee hearings are underway this week to question President Trump’s U.S. Supreme Court nominee. Senator Roy Blunt (R-Missouri) says Judge Neil Gorsuch understands that he should not legislate from the bench.
Senator Claire McCaskill (D-Missouri), who faces a tough re-election bid in 2018, has not publicly said which direction she’s leaning. McCaskill spokesperson Sarah Feldman says McCaskill is closely watching this week’s hearings, and is taking a hard look at Gorsuch’s views and record – specifically on the issues that confront Missouri’s families. Feldman says McCaskill believes any Supreme Court nominee deserves a confirmation hearing, and the chance to earn 60 votes on the Senate floor.
Republicans blocked last year the U.S. Supreme Court nomination of Judge Merrick Garland by then-president Barack Obama. Once the nomination makes it to the Senate floor, Democrats could stall a vote.
The nominee who is confirmed by the U.S. Senate would replace the late Antonin Scalia.

industry_corpus2: Law & Justice


text:
Crawl Space Dehumidifiers: Fact or Fiction?
When researching dehumidifiers for your crawl space, you will come across a large amount of information. Some of it true and some of it not. Here we will dispell common myths and inform you of facts regarding crawl space dehumidifiers.
It might seem like a dehumidifier would be something that is challenging to install and require modifications to your home. While there are a few steps involved, we have detailed instructions in our online guides and manual to make it easier. Plus, if you don’t feel comfortable doing it yourself, you can use the help of an installer.
Another common worry about installing a crawl space dehumidifier is that the unit will be challenging to maintain. The truth is that as long is it’s not an excessively dirty environment, you will only need to do annual maintenance. The annual maintenance will involve cleaning the coils, filter, and drainage system. All of these tasks can be done without removing the cover from the unit. Occasionally, of course, there will be some advanced cleaning or a unforeseen repair but typically, annual cleaning is all that is necessary.
Dehumidifiers can, in fact, slow down the growth of mold in your home. Since mold spores spread more quickly in high humidity, a humid home is much more likely to have mold growth. Thus, if you control the air quality and eliminate the excess humidity, you can reduce the spreading of mold. To control the humidity, you can use a Watch Dog dehumidifier, which will automatically maintain your desired humidity level, thanks to to its built-in humidistat.
Dust mites and mold are two major causes of allergens in your home. Both thrive in high humidity environments and will be much more common in high humidity homes. If you reduce the humidity, the number of allergen triggers will also be reduced. By maintaining a lower humidity level, you can create a much more comfortable environment for the people living in your home.
As with mold and dust mites, dehumidifiers can deter pests from your home. Pests, such as bugs or rodents, are attracted to water. So, if you have standing water or puddles in your crawl space, pests are more likely to enter. By regulating your humidity with a dehumidifier, you can minimize humidity and water therefore, making your home much less attractive to pests.
If ignored, high humidity will begin to have a harmful effect on your home. For instance, you may notice constant condensation in the windows, peeling paint on the walls, or warped floor boards. Furthermore, the side effects of high humidity like mold and pests, can harm your home as well. One example of this would be if you have a termite infestation, which will start to eat away at all of the wood throughout your home.
Believe it or not, a dehumidifier installed in your crawl space can maintain the air quality of your entire home. In fact, the air in your crawl space is spread throughout the house. This is due to a phenomenon called “The Stack Effect” , which states that the humid air in your crawl space is drawn upwards into the home. As the air travels to the top of your house, it becomes warmer, creating a vacuum effect. This causes outside air to be pulled into the crawl space and the cycle to continue. Therefore, when you install a crawl space dehumidifier, the conditioned air will be spread throughout your home.
While a crawl space is the most common place to install a WatchDog dehumidifier, that’s not the only option. A WatchDog will dehumidify any damp or humid area from a basement to a garage to a warehouse.
When it comes to dehumidifiers, bigger isn’t always better. It’s more important to find a dehumidifier that is suitable for your space. The best way to know which dehumidifier is right for you is to calculate the cubic footage of the space (For more information on cubic footage, check out this blog). If you have a crawl space that is 8,000 cubic feet, the WatchDog 550 is the best option for you. The 550 is more than capable of maintaining the space so there’s really no need to move up to the WatchDog 900. You could, of course, use a 900 model and it would dehumidify the space but it really doesn’t gain you much. While the 900 may reach your desired humidity level a little quicker, both the 550 and 900 will maintain the space nearly the same.
Often, people assume that a crawl space dehumidifier will require a special electrical hookup. This, in fact, not true since your WatchDog dehumidifier can plug into any standard outlet (115V, 60Hz).

industry_corpus2: Real Estate & Construction


text:
Fountain Place offers large one and two-bedroom apartments with modernized interiors and stylish comfort. The remodeled Clubhouse and amenity spaces enhance a balanced stylish lifestyle. Indoor and outdoor pools, tennis and basketball courts, dog park, kids room, and other amenities are tailored to lounge, play, or entertain- in solitude, or with friends and family. A silent picturesque backdrop of forest and trail access makes this a great location, in the most convenient and loved area of Eden Prairie. Join us for a tour, and reserve your apartment today. We look forward to seeing you.
Comments: Maximum of 2 pets per apartment. Breed restrictions apply. All pets must be spayed or neutered.
This apartment community is located on 8564 Magnolia Trail in the 55344 zip code. Browse through 1 Bedroom Apts or 2 Bedroom Apts with floorplans ranging from 744 Sq.Ft to 1581 Sq.Ft.The The Excelsior Group, LLC property management company will verify your lease application and send you a timely response. Once you become a resident of Fountain Place, you will be able to pay your rent online, submit maintenance requests, and get community news by logging in securely to your Resident Portal.
Hi, I found the listing for Fountain Place on RENTCafe.com and I am interested to find out more or schedule a visit.


text: We had a great stay at Cloverleaf Suites this last weekend. The entire staff was wonderful! Special thanks to the entire front desk staff and especially John! We were staying for my daughter's dance competition and he took his time to ask her questions and make her feel special. We will definitely stay there the next time we are in that area.

industry_corpus2: Hospitality & Catering


text:
I’m no cycling expert, I like to ride my bike and I’ve always worn a helmet…does that qualify me to be the right person sitting in prime position at Hedkayse HQ? Probably not! But on the brink of revolutionising the world of sports helmets and with such a wealth of knowledge in one room Hedkayse are about set the world on fire, and I am now part of that journey.
In 48 hours those lightbulb moments have come thick and fast!! But the brightest has to be realising that even though I made my boys wear a bike helmet from the first day they sat on the saddle, and I bought a new helmet each time they grew (which lets be honest hasn’t been too often!) I have never even considered that each time they dropped their helmet it stopped being efficient at the one job it has to do…protect my boy's heads!
I’ve watched the Hedkayse One being driven over, dropped from a cliff and still passing industry safety standards…it’s a complete no-brainer! Buy right, buy once and “Outlast your journey”!
Other equally memorable but maybe not so revolutionary moments include; Iain's pink short and floral KD’s (his shoes) combo and Georges excitement when he arrived with the coffee machine and organic coffee pod selection!

industry_corpus2: Sports


text:
KJV: And Ehud came unto him; and he was sitting in a summer parlor, which he had for himself alone. And Ehud said, I have a message from God unto thee. And he arose out of his seat.
ASV: And Ehud came unto him; and he was sitting by himself alone in the cool upper room. And Ehud said, I have a message from God unto thee. And he arose out of his seat.
BBE: Then Ehud came in to him while he was seated by himself in his summer-house. And Ehud said, I have a word from God for you. And he got up from his seat.
DBY: And Ehud came to him, as he was sitting alone in his cool roof chamber. And Ehud said, "I have a message from God for you." And he arose from his seat.
JPS: And Ehud came unto him; and he was sitting by himself alone in his cool upper chamber. And Ehud said: 'I have a message from God unto thee.' And he arose out of his seat.
WBS: And Ehud came to him; and he was sitting in a summer-parlor, which he had for himself alone: and Ehud said, I have a message from God to thee. And he arose from his seat.
WEB: Ehud came to him; and he was sitting by himself alone in the cool upper room. Ehud said, "I have a message from God to you." He arose out of his seat.


text: Full-bodied, rich and fleshy. A perfumed, fragrant wine, which built its aromas the longer it was in the glass. Lovely supple tannins. A superb wine.


text: Discover gorgeous Mud oil painting reproductions on fine art prints. Fast and reliable shipping. 100% satisfaction guarantee.


text: Beautiful custom built bungaloft situated in the heart of Niagara wine country. The good feelings start with the secluded drive down Robbins Ave with the escarpment as the backdrop. You’ll be impressed with the setting as you drive down the long estate style driveway leading to the house with double garage and the detached garage great for the hobbyist or car collector. Custom stonework on the exterior is carried into the 25 ft great room with floor ceiling stone fireplace. It also showcased with large bright windows, cathedral ceilings and wooden beams. There are wide plank hardwood floors in the great room, den, kitchen & master bedroom. The custom two-tone kitchen features island with breakfast bar and pots and pans storage, crown molding, quartz counters, tumbled marble backsplash and terrace doors that lead out to a private 17ft by 16 ft covered portico with cedar ceiling. Other impressive features that demonstrate the care and detail that went into this home include solid maple stairs with wrought iron pickets, TV loft with cathedral ceilings and built-in desk, pocket doors, doors with transom windows, privacy doors with bottom noise sweeps, tons of pots lights, gas fireplace and gas range, central vacuum system with floors kicks, and so much more. Truly a masterpiece!


text:
pose additive that is a shock treatment, pH lock, alkalinity balance, calcium balance, clarifier, and softener in one. It is compatible with all sanitizers, ozone and mineral purifiers. Prevents and eliminates scale formation.
The formation of scale in swimming pools is due to the precipitation of calcium or magnesium in the water as carbonates. There are several factors that influence this including: dissolved carbon dioxide, pH, total alkalinity, amount of calcium or magnesium in the water, and/or total dissolved solids.

industry_corpus2: Biopharmaceuticals


text: Phil qualified from Kings College Dental Hospital in 1979. He worked at the hospital and a practice in South London before moving to Devon in 1987, when he bought the then one surgery practice. Phil enjoys all aspects of dentistry and he likes to make his patients feel at ease with his relaxed approach.


text: The paper clarifies the main problems of innovative development taking into account social and economic conditions of innovative business, mechanisms to expand innovative processes within the national economy. The theory of innovative infrastructure formation within innovative development based on research-scientific and innovative structures is developed. Innovative infrastructure is considered the mechanism representing a set of interconnected and complementary scientific and technological systems, organizations, firms ensuring efficient implementation of innovative activity and innovations as such. It is specified that innovative processes in Tajikistan are characterized by relatively low activity and efficiency, which is substantially caused by lack of corresponding scientific and technological potential of innovative development and problems of creating favourable conditions for the development of small forms of innovative business in various industries of the national economy. There is a need to develop a national innovative system allowing defining areas of expanding the innovative activity and innovative business alongside with implementing organizational and institutional approaches to economic policy in the field of innovative processes expansion through various industries of the national economy. The tasks of the state policy in the field of innovative business development in Tajikistan taking into account state support at initial stages of innovative business formation and expansion of innovative activity are specified. The principles of establishing small innovative enterprises based on innovative activity of higher educational institutions and research centres are suggested and specified.

industry_corpus2: Technology & Research


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Unframed is an ongoing project since 2010, realized using images by famous or anonymous photographers and archival images that JR interprets and takes out of their context depending on the place, neighborhood or city he works in.
In May 2013, in Marseille, France, at la Belle de Mai, JR dug into the identity of the neighborhood and invited its inhabitants to think about the memory of their streets by looking into their personal photo albums.
These photographs, old or recent, cropped or enlarged create monumental artworks on the facades of the neighborhood and transform these personal and multiple footprints of what is part of history and collective memory of la Belle de Mai.


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Ever since I became convinced that anthropogenic climate change was happening after Dr. James Hansen’s testimony before Congress in 1988 I have frowned on car racing and those who are fans of the sport. Beyond the danger, racing puts the internal combustion engine on a pedestal with many fans worshipping huge carbon dioxide belching engines that are anything but green. I hated the waste of energy and didn’t appreciate the need for speed, although I understood why so many fans loved the sport. There is that thrill of driving on an open road as fast as physically possible that is harnessed on a track. Also, I got the impression that most racing fans vilified mass transportation via the worship of car driving.
In a single typical NASCAR race weekend, with more than 40 cars at high speeds for 500 miles (804 kilometers) — plus practice laps — at 5 mpg of gas, you’re looking at, conservatively, about 6,000 gallons (22,712 liters) of fuel [source: Finney]. Each gallon burned emits about 20 pounds (9 kilograms) of carbon dioxide, so that’s about 120,000 pounds (54,431 kilograms) of CO2 for a race weekend [source: FuelEconomy]. Multiply that by roughly 35 races per year, and NASCAR’s annual carbon footprint is in the area of 4 million pounds (1.8 million kilograms).
Yes, that’s a lot. The energy expended in one race could power more than three houses or drive seven cars for a whole year [source: Shelby]. But is it a lot in the grand scheme of things?
It depends on how you look at it. That 6,000 gallons (22,712 liters) of gas over two days starts to look somewhat reasonable when you consider that the United States eats up about 400 million gallons (1.5 billion liters) per day, any old day of the year [source: Finney]. And 4 million pounds a year doesn’t seem like much compared to the world’s 6 billion tons (5.4 billion metric tons) of CO2 emissions every year, or the 1 million tons (907,184 metric tons) emitted for the one day of the 2005 Super Bowl [source: Fulton].
But it’s an extravagantly high number next to the 45,000 pounds (20,411 kilograms) of CO2 the average American life emits in a whole year.
So where does that leave us? With a sport that, while it may not be single-handedly sending the human race into a warm extinction, could definitely use some greening up. And change is actually not that far off.
.@FIAFormulaE is the future of #Motorsport, as is the electric car for passenger vehicles. Next year #FormulaE gets a faster/stronger car along with more big name sponsors.
Was right there watching this interview w/ @RobMarciano for @GMA. Great exposure for @DSVirginRacing & #FormulaE (all-electric) racing! Heading off to the racetrack shortly to watch @sambirdracing win this thing!
Awesome to meet #FormulaE racing star @SamBirdRacing at tonight’s @DSVirginRacing event in NYC!
What about safety? A few fans may frown on electrics since, sadistically, there probably won’t be as many fossil fuel explosions after crashes. Oh darn!
Also, if the ridge sets up further east over Nee Mexico monsoon moisture should also aid to cool the Southwest.
Seattle hit a new record high 93 today! Broke the 1958 record of 92!
Extreme Temperature Diary- July 16, 2018/ Hot Topic: Another Historic Western Heatwave?

industry_corpus2: Automobiles


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My first memories of nankhatais are of the store-bought ones which used to be hard to bite into and that's how I thought nankhatais should be. Then my aunt started making them. Melt-in-the-mouth goodies with a subtle tinge of golden brown on the otherwise off-white outsides which would assure you that they are baked just a minute longer - exactly the way I love them. During my last India trip my aunt packed some nankhatais for me to take to my in-laws' place. Guess who ended up eating most of them - ME!
My aunt gave me the recipe of these lovelies in grams for about 7 dozen of them! I did some rough conversions, scaled down the proportions and came up with the following cup measures. Luckily they came pretty close to how my aunt makes them but still need some tweaking.
Combine maida, besan and baking soda. Use a large sieve to sift them.
To the above, add powdered sugar and cardomom powder and mix well. Add ghee little by little and knead into a dough. If it is difficult to knead, just push the dough to the side of the vessel, press with your palm and knead.
Keep aside for about an hour.
Line a baking tray with parchment paper. Make equal sized balls of the dough [ I used a table spoon measure to make the balls, that way you can make them equal sized].
Place on the parchment paper atleast 2 inches apart. Flatten a little [flatter ones have a better texture compared to round ones].
Bake for 19 to 20 minutes. Makes about 18 cookies.
Next time I meet Nandini Pachi, I'm going to get the exact cup measures of these beauties. Until then, enjoy these!
Eggless cookies look delicious and inviting. Great preparation dear.
Wow, these beauties look amazing. Nice click to go with it.
Nan Khatais look perfect and delicious. Nice clicks.
Nankhatai has come out so perfect...delicious!
Lovely Nankatais!! Can we subsitute parchment paper with a foil sheet ?
I guess you could, but grease it well so that the cookies don't stick.
I love these cookies, they are so easy to make and addictive too..yours looks perfect!


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Stay 5 nights in Maldives at Smartline Eriyadu Beach Resort - 4* in a Superior Room on All Inclusive basis. Flights and Return Speed Boat Transfers included.
Stay 5 nights in Sri Lanka at Hikka Tranz by Cinnamon - 4* in a Superior Room on All Inclusive basis. Flights and Return Transfers included.


text: Our purpose is to identify and support cutting-edge research aimed at finding a cure for Ewing's Sarcoma and other forms of pediatric bone cancer. In targeting such rare and underfunded childhood and adolescent diseases, our contributions can transform the field and have a significant impact on the lives and life chances of affected children. The Sunbeam Foundation is an all-volunteer organization. All contributions go directly to the fight against childhood bone cancers.


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Please note that the videos showing highlights of the 2018 NFWI Annual Meeting are available to watch on YouTube by searching ‘2018 NFWI Annual Meeting’. Alternatively, please click on the links below.
This entry was posted in National Federation, News.


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Please login here using your username and password.
Don't have an account? Request a demo here!
Copyright © 2019 Berklee College of Music. All rights reserved.


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Building engineering is the foundation of every safe structure. Architectural and structural Engineers guarantee that buildings are sound by being included in every step from the blueprint to the finished home or building. The men and women at Structural Engineer Pros in Eros, LA in this field are responsible for the safety of all who walk into the structure after them, and do have a solid knowledge of building regulations and codes along with the creative spark.
Our building Engineers at Structural Engineer Pros good Engineers that are able to creatively solve any problems that may arise due to local circumstances, altering priorities and altered blueprints. As professionals we can customize on the fly and still keep everything up to code in accordance with Eros, LA. Our experts are able to see a project through from start to finish, and brings a knowledge and professionalism to any site.
For Structural Engineer Pros in Eros, LA every structure should be safe for the people living or working in it depend on it. Additionally, rising environmental awareness has put the spotlight on higher efficiency and lower energy costs. As building engineering seal on official blueprints raises the credibility of the architect, and promises the best build for any major structure.
We are known internationally for our creative, sustainable and holistic design approaches which, from the outset, embraces low-carbon and economic functional efficiency. Our professionals around Eros, LA strive to delivery visionary buildings that optimize naturally occurring energy and reduce waste. From creation to completion and beyond, Structural Engineer Pros help clients reach the optimal potential of every project.


text: The song is the show. the matthew show covers Phil Collins (The Roof Is Leaking, from his first solo album) and includes some found tape of a band (in the distance) covering the Sweet's Little Willy (or maybe it's the original--it's just too hard to tell). Needless to say, matthew (he prefers to avoid his last name) has some interesting tastes in pop music, and this album tries to fit as many of them in as possible. A sometimes frightening emotional roller coaster. Quite the rush.

industry_corpus2: Film & Entertainment


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If your nonprofit is struggling, you may want to take another look at your board of directors. Not to do any finger pointing, but to find ways to get them more involved in making an impact.
Ronn Torossian explains three ways you can engage your board of directors.
First, active board members can leverage their community connections in order to bring more attention to a cause. Just by the act of becoming more involved in the cause, and by calendaring more events, board members will talk more about their involvement. This, in turn, will lead to easy conversations about what the board is and what it is doing for the community. Nothing in these interactions need make them ask for anything and simply by externalizing the cause, board members can introduce it to more people in their social circle.
In most cases, Board members are chosen either for their work in the community, position in the community, or unique talents. However, are those unique talents being fully realized? Of course, your processes need to have some regularity, but those processes should not preclude allowing a board member to use his or her unique talents to benefit the cause. In other words, be willing to be flexible. Too many times, nonprofit organizations are laser focused on Doing It How We Do It – making them too reluctant to leverage the talents and experience of their board members. When that happens, the unwritten (and unspoken) message is this: “Your vote matters and your wallet matters, but YOU don’t really matter.” This inspires exactly no one. In sum, don’t be afraid to go around the table and give your board members (voluntary) responsibilities and let them bring more to your organization than their vote. Give them the freedom to bring their new ideas to the table by creating a culture in which that sort of buy-in is an expectation.
The process of answering this question can open up multiple lines of dialogue both inside and outside your organizational chain. It can turn once a month appointment keepers into active, card-carrying fans of your cause.


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In the very first Rutgers-Eagleton Poll in September 1971, crime and drug addiction topped taxes as the single most important problem in New Jersey. Forty years later, crime is barely mentioned as jobs and the economy are now New Jersey’s top problem, according to a new Rutgers-Eagleton Poll. Taxes, which consistently have been listed first or second over 40 years, continue to vex New Jerseyans, ranking just behind jobs as the state’s biggest problem.
This page was printed from eagletonpoll.rutgers.edu/rep-40thanniversary-oct2011/ on Saturday, April 20, 2019.

industry_corpus2: Politics & Administration


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Whether it's glazing your custom greenhouse or patio cover, shading your pergola, or laying down some weed barrier for landscaping, Greenhouse Megastore has all of your coverings, well, covered!
Win the season with these spring steals and deals! Don't miss these spectacular savings on greenhouse covers.


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CIM 1000 Trowel Grade is a tough, liquid applied, two component, chemical and corrosion resistant urethane elastomer coating, chemically thickened to allow trowel applications with minimum sag. CIM 1000 Trowel Grade can be used as a crack filler or for application to vertical surfaces and corner flashings. CIM 1000 Trowel Grade offers the same advantages as CIM 1000 and is approved for contact with potable water in accordance with ANSI/NSF 61. CIM 1000 Trowel Grade may be applied at thicknesses up to 250 mils on vertical surfaces.
elastomeric urethane coating include tank and reservoir liners, joint seals, tank repairs, and chemical containment.
•ANSI/NSF 61 certified for potable water contact up to 180ºF.
•Forms a tough elastomeric coating able to bridge cracks and joints.
CIM 2000 is a tough, abrasion, corrosion and chemical resistant two-component urethane coating that adheres to most substrates and cures in hours to form a flexible high performance coating and lining system. CIM 2000 contains no volatile organic compounds and is ANSI/NSF 61 certified for potable water contact. Typical applications for CIM 2000 include immersion tank and reservoir liners, joint seals, waterproofing, and primary and secondary chemical containment.
CIM 2000 remains flexible, resilient and provides exceptional service in a broad range of applications.
• Forms a tough elastomeric coating able to bridge cracks and accommodate joint movement.
CIM Bonding Agent is an organo-silane compound dispersed in isopropyl alcohol. CIM Bonding Agent improves the adhesion of CIM high performance coatings to a variety of surfaces.
CIM’s stitchbonded polyester Scrim offers a sturdy combination of burst strength and toughness for both liner and roofing applications. The flexible polyester allows elongation of up to 50%, providing excellent accommodation to thermal stresses and movements.
The CIM Mixing Timer is a rugged, industrial quality timer for controlling mixers in the mixing of two-part CIM liner systems. The Mixing Timer provides convenient power at the push (or step) of the start button and automatically shuts off after the pre-set time. The system is typically used with the CIM Mixing Jig for increased productivity and eliminating mixing errors.
The proper paddle for mixing CIM Premix with CIM Activator in 5 gallon units.


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Is this a JOKE or how it is suppose to work.
Custom populated servers removed from the default server search ?????
I am soooo angry right now that I might get banned.


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White cotton mid rise straight leg jeans from A Plan.
Blue cotton blend jeans from Citizens Of Humanity featuring a cropped length, a straight leg and a distressed finish.
White cotton blend straight jeans from Dondup featuring a waistband with belt loops, a five pocket design, a high rise and a straight leg.
Indigo blue cotton-blend straight leg cropped jeans from Frame Denim featuring a button and zip fly, a five pocket design and a cropped length.
Blue washed straight jeans from Mara Mac featuring a mid rise, belt loops, a button and zip fly, a five pocket design and a straight fit.
Blue embroidered arrow straight leg jeans from Off-White.


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Senior citizens receive several relaxations in Tax laws. No tax is applied on income of up to Rs 3 lakh. No tax is applied on income of up to Rs 5 lakh (For super senior citizens, over 80 year of age), is non-taxable. Under Section 80D of Income Tax Act 196, health insurance premium of up to Rs 30,000 gets tax deduction. Under Section 80DDB, tax deduction of up to Rs 60,000 is offered to senior citizens suffering from a critical illness, and Rs 80,000 for super seniors respectively.
Higher interest on investments can be availed by senior citizens. With 8.4% per annum, the Senior Citizen’s Saving Scheme is available to all seniors over the age of 60. Whereas 0.5% higher interest rate is offered on fixed deposits.
A host of discount offers is available for senior citizens. Where Air-India offers 50% discount on economy fare for domestic travel for Senior citizens over 60 in age; Railways provide 40% and 50% discount to Men over 60 and women over the age of 58 respectively. The discount is available on fares of all classes of Mail/Express/Rajdhani/Shatabdi/Jan Shatabdi/ Duranto trains. Travel discounts are also available bus fares.
The Indian Government has devised several senior citizen welfare schemes. Some of which are, National Insurance Plans, such as ‘Varishta Mediclaim Policy’, for seniors aged 60-80 offering insurance amount of maximum Rs 2 lakh for critical illness and Rs 1 lakh for hospitalization. Another plan is, LIC’s Varishtha Pension Bima Yojana 2017 that provides an assured pension to senior citizens based on a guaranteed rate of return of 8% for 10 years. A maximum of Rs 7.5 lakh can be invested in this scheme and one can get pension on monthly, quarterly, half yearly or annual basis.
Telephone bills are subsidized for Senior Citizens. Senior citizen customers of BSNL, who are over 65 are eligible for registration of telephone on priority. Registration charges are also waived for them. MTNL Senior citizen customers over 65 are eligible for 25% concession on installation charges and monthly service charges for landlines connections.
Want to know more or find best mutual funds to invest in? Visit www.wealthfund.in and sign up.

industry_corpus2: Finance & Economics


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The Blackberry KEYone has been a popular choice among consumers looking for a keyboard-based device as well as a mid-level phone that does not break the budget. In these two areas, this phone really stands apart from the competition.
The next thing that Blackberry has always led the market historically is security. They basically had this market alone for years and was the device of choice for people looking to ensure their data, files and other important private items were not subject to hacking or viruses.
Gone are the days of a Blackberry OS but that does not mean the Android version has not forgotten this important need. In fact, the KEYone was designed pre-build to be the “most secure Android smartphone”.
How is this possible? Can’t any Android device have apps to improve security?
According to the folks over at Blackberry, the security of this device is superior due to the included DTEK App and the build which includes security features as part of the phone design.
The DTEK app comes pre-loaded on the device and provides a handy security status dashboard that gives you a visual meter to show your security status and then quick links to make any adjustments that may need to improve the status. Especially handy is the Apps and Permissions option. Here you are able to see which apps are using permissions to access areas of your device such as calendar, camera, contacts, location, microphone and phone. Worried that you mic be used by an app eavesdrop? This would be the place to find out. The same goes for the camera. Now, I do not exactly fall into the paranoid people are out to get me camp but if I was a person of importance these features would be good to have.
Another promise from Blackberry is that the device will get all security patches updated to the device as they are released. This is important since with some devices it can be weeks before a scheduled update will occur.
In a crowded area such as the subway or a busy coffee shop and do not want the over curious lurkers to join in your reading? The included privacy shade app limits the viewable area on the screen so that you have just line by line visibility. Not a big deal for me but I can certainly understand why some folks may not want another to be looking over their shoulder to see private conversations or important corporate documents.
Finally, there is the “Hardware root of Trust”. This process goes beyond just an after activation app to protect your device. Blackberry has built cryptographic security into the processor that at boot up checks to ensure the device has not been tampered with.
We are seeing more and more examples of data theft and privacy issues. It is good to know that with the KEYone you will have an extra layer of ongoing protection that is not to be found in any other device.


text: NOTES: Dist. is the distance in arcseconds to the Associated Object. PA is the position angle, measured in degrees east of north, of the Associated Object as seen from the queried object NGC 5474:[HK83] 37. r and p are dimensionless parameters that represent the "goodness of fit" of the positional uncertainty ellipses of an input object and a nearby NED object. An association with r < 2.0 or with log (p) > 6.0 can be taken as a statistically valid position-based identification of those same two objects.To interpret these parameters in detail, please view the Help.


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That's right! Get ready for another Hugh Baby's, opening soon on West End Ave. In Midtown Nashville!
Hugh-Baby's Named "Best Fast Food" in the Nashville Scene!


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Good luck with your busy, busy schedule! Hang in there, love!
Have a good weekend! Dont forget to take care of yourself!
Thinking of you and sending you happy thoughts during this crazy busy time at work. We will miss you, but will waiting anxiously for your return.
Hope things calm down for you soon! You will be missed!
Have a great weekend! Come back soon!
Hang in there missy! Will be keeping my eye out for your return!
Work is crazy busy for me right now, too!
Good luck with the busy schedule.
Good luck with the chaos!
Glad to hear you are busy. We'll miss your posts but look forward to seeing more when things slow down.