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September 2017 – So You Think You Can Be President?
Finding some ways for becoming a great leader is hard since it’s a high-level position where to lead various kinds of people. Well, to be a valuable leader, you must know the skills necessary to perform many tasks. Depending on the person, you must figure out what works best for your own leadership abilities.
No one is able to read your mind. Communicate your expectations precisely when it comes to methods, time frame and strategy. Remember that communication goes both ways. Be available to support and assist all of your employees.
Honesty is important for a leader. You cannot be an effective leader if you cannot be trusted. As your leadership skills improve, you should always try to set an example by being trustworthy and honest. Show people that you are there to help and support them.
Your team should understand your vision. Use your values to drive your team’s experience. You uplift your team when you are able to link their individual roles into the larger picture. This helps give direction to the team and fosters strong relationships.
Keep your morals in mind. Never make a decision you’re not comfortable with. If you are uncomfortable with something, forget about pursuing it. Do whatever you think is right.
Great leaders are transparent about issues that arise in the company. Hiding problems used to be common but today transparency is key. Why? There are many different forms of communication today. The news will likely leak out somehow anyway. Control the message as opposed to reacting to it. This is the path great leaders take.
Being ethical is crucial to being a good leader. In order for your business to be successful in the long-term, being ethical is key. When customers know you are looking out for their best interest, they will remain faithful to you. Developing moral responsibilities for the employees, you can be sure rules are followed.
Keep sight of those principles, such as honesty, that you hold dear. Be sure that the decisions that you’ve made are going to be within your standards. Don’t make a decision that goes against your values. While others may sink to lower levels than you, you don’t have to follow their lead.
A great leadership quality to have is determination. If anything bad happens, your entire team will turn to you for guidance. Instead, concentrate on accomplishing your goals even when obstacles arise. Your persistence will give the group all they need to become motivated.
Confess to your mistakes. Good leaders can make poor choices sometimes too. Owning up to your mistakes, correcting them and learning from them is a quality of a great leader. You can make mistakes, but as a leader, you must have the power to correct them. Showing your humanity will help others become loyal followers.
Your employees will form opinions about you because of your decisions. Everything you do, including whom you promote, will affect the opinions of others. Demonstrating favoritism and failing to reward good work is sure to sink morale and hinder productivity.
Make goals for your business. Everyone loves to strive for something, and leaders find ways to position annual goals for their employees. Do not just set them and forget about it. Hold monthly goal meetings to discuss everyone’s progress.
Leadership is an interesting paradox, in that it requires helping guide individuals on a personal basis while still upholding group goals. Using the things you’ve learned is key to making this happen. An effective leader is always willing to learn and is always humble.
If you want to gain respect for being a great leader, you need to really care about those around you and be willing to help them be successful. A great leader is one who inspires those around him to be great leaders too. Learning how to delegate is imperative; this article is filled with tips to help improve your leadership skills.
Honesty is a great place to start when you are looking to improve your leadership qualities. Leaders should always want to bring people in positive directions. People will notice your honestly and respect it. You need to have some honesty in your leadership so that people can become influenced to act in a more positive way.
Honesty is probably the most important leadership quality to have. You cannot be an effective leader if you cannot be trusted. When you work on your leadership skills, try to set a standard of trustworthiness and honesty. If they feel they can trust you, they will gain respect for you as well.
When working to hone leadership skills, you cannot go wrong by staring with honesty. Leaders should always want to bring people in positive directions. If you are always honest, your team will notice and appreciate the effort. When those you are leading learn how important honesty is to you, it will help to breed honesty in them as well.
Spotting talent in other people is a sign of a good leader. It should always be apparent to you who would be most suited for the job you need done. This includes contractors as well as employees.
When you want to lead, keep your morals in mind. Make sure you will be able to live with your decisions. If a decision is going to upset you or stress you out, consider not choosing that direction. You need to make a decision that will leave you feeling completely comfortable with your choice.
Always adhere to high ethical standards when handling customers and employees. All businesses must adhere to their ethical beliefs. Sticking to your morals will build trust and customer loyalty. Set an example that your employees will follow by being ethical.
Keep one eye on the future. You have to know what it takes to see the future so you can figure out how to plan for what’s coming up. You can’t know what happens all the time, but you must eventually hone this skill. Always think about where you hope to be a year from now, and then take steps in that direction.
While it’s important to set goals for the people that work for you, be sure that you’re not setting impossible goals. If you use impossible goals that will just set you up for failing. This strategy will also demonstrate your lack of leadership skills.
You would like to be a good leader, right? You should know how to understand people and what you should avoid. A drive to keep improving will help you. This is your decision, and you must make the right call.
Being tenacious is a highly regarded leadership quality. When it all goes wrong, you are going to be the one everyone turns to in order to see how to act. Regardless of the obstacles that occur, you must focus on attaining the goal successfully. Seeing your persistence will spur the group on to get back up and get back to work again.
Have you been struggling due to others looking past you for leadership roles? If this often happens to you, you must keep reading. Continue reading to learn more about what it takes to be a good leader.
It is wise to use honesty as a great starting point for leadership. When you are a leader, you always want to have a positive direction in which to lead your team. Honesty is sure to be noticed and appreciated by your subordinates. Stay open and honest and your team will return the favor.
Be concise and succinct when giving direction to your employees. Communicate your expectations precisely when it comes to methods, time frame and strategy. Remember that communication goes both ways. This way, staff members will be comfortable coming to you for any clarifications they may need.
Work to communicate the vision of the team among the workers. Sometimes, they have difficulty communicating among themselves. You should communicate your team’s goals into your everyday life. You uplift your team when you are able to link their individual roles into the larger picture. It is smart and helps to build relationships and give people direction.
Don’t do something immoral just to get an edge in business. If your competition does things you find uncomfortable, you don’t have to follow their lead. There is nothing that says you must compromise your morals to stay relevant. You will feel better if you find other ways to compete with them.
You subordinates will judge you by the decisions you make. Who do you trust to delegate responsibilities to others? What type of person do you hire to fill important job roles? All those decisions cause others to see you in a certain light. If you show favoritism towards certain employees and are too harsh to others, it will undermine your authority at work.
To grow your business you should hire employees that have a diverse background. Age, educational, and cultural diversity will help you get more in terms of perspectives. Don’t hire a bunch of people that are pretty much like you. Doing so stifles innovation. It might also amplify the weaknesses you have since others will have the same ones.
When you are a leader, try to keep things as simple as possible. Concentrate on the truly important things first. Once you have done that, it is time to set priorities. Make the work easy. Also, reserve some time for you and your team to brainstorm.
If you wish to lead others effectively, you have to know what your weaknesses and strengths are. If you are showing off thinking that you can do more than you really can, you may end up failing quite a bit. Work on improving weak skills.
One of the most effective and challenging skills you can develop as a leader in business is that of listening to your subordinates. Anyone can turn your own ideas into something workable. When you have told them what you want to happen, listen for their responses and ideas, which might lead you to even more success.
Like everything else, being a leader takes practice. Leadership skills are applicable in all walks of life. With the advice that has been provided to you here, you can now get on your way to bigger and better things. Make your leadership goals a priority, an allow your instincts to guide you.
Never assume that your employees read minds. Be concise with what you want done and how you want it done. If they don’t understand the instructions you give, they don’t need to hesitate about coming to you for help.
Leadership is the ability to give direction and guidance to fellow members of society. Some are natural leaders, others need to work hard at becoming one. In order to learn more about enhancing your leadership skills, you must continue reading.
Do what you can to keep things simple while you’re a leader. Focus on the most important goals as a leader. After doing this, it will be time to set your priorities straight. Simplify everything as far as possible. You should also give yourself and others time to think.
Your staff are not psychics. Communicate exactly how you want a task to be completed, when you want it completed, and by what method you want it done. Have an open door policy. This way your staff will not hesitate to ask questions if they do not understand any of your expectations.
Honesty is crucial for a leader. Work every day to build trust with your employees. When you work on your leadership skills, try to set a standard of trustworthiness and honesty. When others figure out that you can be trusted and they can rely on what you’re doing, they will start to show you respect.
Good leaders bring out lots of creativity in their employees. Taking risks and being creative can provide you with great success. Go down the path less traveled sometimes. Remain open to new ideas, even those that do not appear feasible at the moment. You should assist others in blending their ideas with the current needs of the company.
Always express appreciation to those who are working for you. Simple things such as thank you notes can make a big difference. Giving someone this kind of acknowledgment is going to lift moods and it doesn’t cost you anything to do.
If you want to be a great leader, you ought never to dismiss your own morals to be competitive. If your competition is behaving in an uncomfortable manner, look for an alternative so you can compete. You shouldn’t have to stoop to their level. If you figure out a fresh way to stay in the game, you’ll be happier.
Keep one eye on the future. You need this foresight so that you can make smart decisions now for the future. Of course, you cannot always know what will happen, but it is important to hone this skill over time. Constantly reevaluate your goals and know where you are headed next.
Prepare yourself before addressing your team. Brainstorm potential questions they could ask. Think about how you will answer them. Your team will respect you more when you have the answers they need. This is also a time-saving skill for being an effective leader.
When someone does good work, provide them with rewards. Everyone may already have a salary, but small incentives make things a lot more fun and productive. When employees exceed expectations, make sure you offer praise and a reward. Good leaders know better than to neglect the reward process.
Your team is going to judge you by your actions. Who do you trust to delegate responsibilities to others? What type of person do you hire to fill important job roles? All those decisions cause others to see you in a certain light. Showing even slight favoritism rather than using merit to determine rewards will undermine your leadership efforts.
One part of being a good leader is being able to spot talent in others. As you look for people to work for you, this will help you decide. This strategy works if you are hiring people or contracting someone to do a small job.
Now are you confident that you can better your leadership skills? You know what skills to work on, along with the natural skills in leadership you have already. Leaders are in high demand, so transform into one yourself.
Many individuals wish they had better leadership skills. For some people it comes easily, while others have to work for it. Leadership can be shown in different styles and using different skills. Keep reading this article for information about becoming a great leader.
Honesty is one of the most important qualities in a good leader. Leaders should always strive to take people in better directions. If you are an honest leader, people will see that and have a great appreciation for it. You should always try to be honest with the people that you’re working with as it will influence the other people to be honest.
Good leaders should focus on the future. You have to see what will happen and come up with an effective plan. While you can’t always tell what is going to happen, this is a skill that develops better over time. Constantly reevaluate your goals and know where you are headed next.
If you want to learn better leadership skills, start with honesty. A leader should always lead group members in a positive direction. If you’re honest to people, then those you’re leading are going to notice it. Always be honest when dealing with your colleagues because you can influence them to be honest.
One quality of a great leader is the ability to identify talent in others. This helps you realize who to choose for certain tasks and where to position people. This principle extends to hiring contractors or service providers in your personal life.
When leading others, focus on your subordinates and success will follow. Inspire and encourage your workers. Instead of focusing on completing every small task, focus on energizing your team into performing better.
A great leadership quality to have is determination. If anything bad happens, your entire team will turn to you for guidance. You have to focus on the goals despite all of the obstacles. Your group will follow in your enthusiastic footsteps.
Take care of people and productivity will soar. Make the effort to read up on how to give encouragement and create inspiration in those you lead. Rather than focusing so much on making sure every single task gets done, put your energy into motivating your team to do their best.
Don’t act like you know it all when you want to improve your skills. Even your perfect ideas can be wrong at times. Don’t let your judgement cloud you or prevent you from listening to others around you. Many times they can give suggestions to you that you may have overlooked.
As you can see from above, there are many diverse qualities that go into being an effective leader. Your personality will dictate how you’ll lead a group. If you apply what you’ve just learned, leadership will soon become second nature.
Have you been searching for ways to enhance your organization and do better in the world of business? If you are, your leadership skills need to be improved. Even the best leaders have room for improvement, and the following article is packed full of great tips to help you improve at your job. Read on and get educated on leadership.
Communicate the vision of your team. You need to find a way to incorporate your values and your mission into your daily tasks. Communicate the big picture and show your team their roles. This can provide direction and build your relationships with them.
Keep things as simple as you can. Make sure you focus on what is really important. Start setting your priorities then. Simplify whatever you can. You should also give yourself and others time to think.
Make sure that you let everyone know what the team’s vision is. Think of your mission the way you might think of a compass, and integrate company values into the daily workings of the company. It’s crucial to communicate the whole picture as you help others understand how important they are to the end goal. This can provide direction and build your relationships with them.
Good leaders inspire creativity in their team. Creative thinking and the risk taking that it entails can mean great success in the future. Keep exploring possibilities and stay curious. New ideas should never be frowned upon. Help others add to those ideas within the whole.
Any good leader has to focus on times to come. Discerning what lies ahead and planning appropriately is always key. While you aren’t a mind-reader, you will find that you can achieve some success this way. Figure out what you want your future to be like in a year and then create a plan.
When you are a leader, try focusing on the people while allowing the work to do well on its own. You must learn what to do to inspire and encourage those around you. Instead of monitoring every solitary task, make your most fervent work the motivation of your team.
Honesty is one of the most important qualities in a good leader. You must lead people the right way. When you’re honest, the people that you are leading will see and appreciate that. Being honest with your team also encourages everyone else to have the same high standards.
If you want to work on improving your leadership skills, do not act like a know-it-all. Seek advice from your coworkers and listen to their ideas with an open mind. They may offer advice about improving and executing your idea, and they may highlight problems that appear in the plan.
You can compete with other businesses and still uphold your work ethic. If you feel like something isn’t right, or that your competition is being underhanded, choose another path. You don’t need to mimic them if you wish to be as successful as possible. If you can come up with a new way to compete, you’ll feel a lot better with your decision.
You have been given some great tools to help you become a better leader. Use them when you need guidance, and also share them so others can excel too. This will help better your organization, and in turn make you a much better leader.
Look for talents that others have. When looking for those who will help you on the job, you want to build a team of talented individuals. This is also good when you want to hire someone.
Do you want to excel in your leadership role? If you do, improving your leadership skills is the best way to do that. The very best leader still has areas for improvement; use this article for the tips on fostering improvement in communicating, mentoring and leading. Keep reading to find out more about leadership.
Good leaders bring out lots of creativity in their employees. Creativity enhances the abilities of everyone around you, and it inspires your business to do great things. Explore different possibilities and be constantly curious. Even if an idea doesn’t seem like a good fit at the present time, you should still believe in it’s potential. You can help others infuse their own ideas within the context of the whole thing.
Look for talent in your team. When you are in the process of looking for people to help you, it should be simple for you to decide who would give you the best benefit. This is also good when you want to hire someone.
One part of being a good leader is being able to spot talent in others. If you’re in need of people to work for you, you should easily be able to decide on the people that will work the best. This can be used when you’re contracting or hiring people.
If you focus on your team, the work will get done as expected. Encourage and inspire coworkers. Instead of focusing a lot on each task getting completed, try motivating each person to do the best they can.
Always tell others how much they, and their work, mean to you. A small thank you note goes a long way to making someone feel good. This acknowledgement can better their day, and it will not cost you anything.
Being tenacious is a highly regarded leadership quality. When things aren’t going the right way, your team is going to turn to you. You have to be the person that has some focus and knows what needs to be done for things to work out well so everyone can face the obstacles together. Your group will follow in your enthusiastic footsteps.
If you want to be an excellent leader, you need to focus on how you interact with others in order to get more things done. Inspire your workforce and encourage them whenever you can. Instead of monitoring every solitary task, make your most fervent work the motivation of your team.
Make yourself approachable. Being so intimidating that people are afraid to talk to you is a bad idea. This isn’t favorable and in fact, will prevent you from being respected. Let subordinates know that they can bring you any concerns they have.
After reading this article, you have a much better understanding on how to go about improving your own leadership abilities. Turn to them whenever you need a little guidance, and share them with others so they can excel too. When you do this, you’ll be improving your business and everyone around you.
A leader that’s respected will be a person that’s able to care for the people around them and will be able to work to help others do well. A leader must have a team that is willing to learn to lead themselves. Delegation is critical; this article will give you some more things to know.
If you wish to have more leadership skills, you really have to start with being honest. When you’re in a leadership role, it’s also your job to show those you’re leading the right path to go down. Your followers will see your honesty and will appreciate it. You need to have some honesty in your leadership so that people can become influenced to act in a more positive way.
All leaders that are good need to focus on days to come. You have to have the ability to look ahead and then make plans accordingly. Of course, you cannot always know what will happen, but it is important to hone this skill over time. Always think about where you hope to be a year from now, and then take steps in that direction.
The best leaders are able to foster creativity in others. When you take risks and use creative thinking, you are more likely to succeed. Try to explore all the possibilities and follow your curiosity. Remain open to new ideas, even those that do not appear feasible at the moment. It will help your team be creative and inspire better work.
Whenever you can, be open with your team about potential problems. Although in the past it was common practice to hide business problems, in today’s workforce the best leaders talk about business problems with their team. What is the reason for that? There’s a lot of ways the issues can surface because of all the communication built into our modern lives. The truth will come out, one way or another. So, it is better to control the message rather than having to respond to it. Good leaders know to go down this road.
When you find yourself being a leader, put your focus on those working with you and watch how the work seems to follow. Learn about how to encourage and inspire people who work with you. Instead of placing too much focus on individual tasks, motivate the team to perform well.
You must be able to spot the talent that is hiding in your other workers. It should always be apparent to you who would be most suited for the job you need done. This strategy works if you are hiring people or contracting someone to do a small job.
You probably don’t wish to be a leader that’s bad. You should know how to understand people and what you should avoid. Wanting to do things properly and the desire to learn will make a world of a difference. It is up to you to make the correct decision.
Have you ever been passed over for a promotion? If you wish to be able to lead well, then you must be able to pay attention to what you’re doing. This article can provide you with what you need to know.
A good leader brings creativity out of their team. Creative thinking and the risk taking that it entails can mean great success in the future. Try to explore all the possibilities and follow your curiosity. Even if an idea doesn’t seem like a good fit at the present time, you should still believe in it’s potential. Use the ideas of those around you to improve your plans.
The future is the focus of a great leader. You must look to the future, look ahead, and make plans for that. You will not always be sure of what is going to happen, but over time this will become one of your skills. Keep asking yourself where you’re expecting to be in a year or so and then start planning to make it happen.
Great leaders inspire people to think creatively. Creativity and risk sometimes lead to great rewards. Try branching out and exploring where your curiosity takes you. You should believe in new ideas, even if they don’t appear to fit right now. You may find later that they’ll work in perfect harmony as things adapt.
If you are the leader of a group, you have to show the members that you appreciate them. It doesn’t take much time to say thank you, or write a “good job” note, but it means a lot to a person who is going through a long work day. It’s free to do, and means so much to others.
Own up to your mistakes. Good leaders can make poor choices sometimes too. If you can admit it and learn from it, you will be a great leader. It will show them that you are human, just as they are. This might not seem like a great way to lead, but in many cases people are loyal to those that can show humanity.
You should schedule some time every day to go over just how well things are running at work. Use some people from your team to help you discuss what’s happening. Changes can be made.
Promote synergy whenever possible. Understand what your goals are. You should also have a clear idea of your business goals. There hopefully is some strong overlap between the two. Be able to achieve both simultaneously. If you are not working towards your goals, you will lack enthusiasm.
Like everything else, being a leader takes practice. It is a crucial part of your development. Now that you’ve read all the information here, you are ready to get going. Turn your goals into your priority so your experience can get you through.
Be decisive to make your leadership skills better. When you are a leader, you will have to make decisions. If you have a team that has a lot of ways to think about how to solve a problem, you’ll have to figure out which solution will work best for the whole team and not just a couple of people.
Leadership involves being able to provide direction or guidance to those that need it. Certain people are just born with these skills naturally while certain others just need to learn them to become good leaders. If you want to improve your leadership abilities, keep reading for some great advice.
It’s essential to remain ethical when you deal with customers and employees. To be run a successful business you must strive to be ethical. If your customers see the sincerity in the job that you do, they will be loyal to your business. Having a standard of morality in your company will give your employees a guide that they should follow.
When you are in a leadership role, focus on the people and the work will take care of itself. Inspire and encourage your workers. Motivate your team instead of pushing them hard to complete everything.
Make sure that you let everyone know what the team’s vision is. Use your mission like a compass with company values integrated into daily experiences. It’s important that you let others know what the big picture is while you lead your team to do their best at the roles they’ve been assigned. This helps build rapport with your team and gives them a solid direction.
If you’re trying to improve your leadership skills, avoid acting like you know everything. You may think your ideas are the best, but it is important to listen to what others have to say. They can add to your plan with their own great ideas.
Don’t get rid of your morals to compete with other businesses. If the competing business is not living up to the standards that you’ve set for your own business, seek out other methods to be able to compete with them. You don’t need to mimic them if you wish to be as successful as possible. When you choose the way you compete, you will feel better about it.
Don’t engage in underhanded behavior. Keep your promises if you want others to trust you. If you say that you’re giving the best service possible, then you have to teach the employees that work for you what it takes to give people great service.
Keep any problems transparent. While covering up problems in business used to be typical, nowadays a leader will be open about them. What has changed? Today’s world is highly communicative. The news will likely leak out somehow anyway. Controlling the information yourself is much better than scrambling in response. This is the path great leaders take.
It can help you become a better leader if take time every day to inspect how things are working at your workplace. You could invite a few people to join in during these sessions. This helps to build a sense of camaraderie as suggestions and changes are presented and rapport is built.
You should do a lot more listening than talking. If you wish to be a great leader, that starts with listening. Pay attention to your employees’ opinions. Hear their complaints and suggestions. Figure out what every employee is saying about what the product is like and how people are using it. There’s a lot you can learn from listening.
Now are you confident that you can better your leadership skills? You know how to perfect the skills you need and strengthen those you have already. The world needs people that lead better, and you have to start working on this today to do well in the future.
Make ethical choices. Ethics plays a huge role in any business. When your team knows you are to be trusted, they will do a better job for you. Developing moral responsibilities for the employees, you can be sure rules are followed.


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Brexiteers like Boris Johnson inhabit an outdated form of sovereignty. A new realm of power - regulation - demands shared authority and is the EU's greatest achievement. Britain helped create it and can't leave it.
Leviathan T-shirt thanks to Red Bubble T-Shirts.
Regulation, reinforced by human rights, has become a new sphere of government. It is now as essential to modern society as executive power, legislative authority and courts of law. The way we experience this is also novel. It does not stem from the influence of politicians, the role of authority whether national or local, or fear of justice. These familiar locations of power continue, but a new force has joined them as our intimate lives have become strangely politicised, from our health and diet to our metadata. The famous frontispiece of Hobbes’s Leviathan shows the people inhabiting the ruler. Today, rules have entered the bodies of citizens - and we want to know who is in charge of them and whether they enhance or imprison us.
Brexit forces into the open this change, which has been underway since the 1970s. In the UK, those who support Leave have failed to understand the epochal significance of its development, while those who back Remain have failed to articulate it. The European Commission, too, does not grasp its centrality. Brussels as well as Brexiteers are captives of 20th century notions of sovereignty and its unsustainable illusions of grandeur - illusions that are now being tested to their destruction, most immediately with Brexit.
I stumbled across its significance of regulation and am only beginning to get a measure of it. Denunciation of the EU’s over-regulation was the starting point of the long campaign against British membership. Now, a revealing analysis in openDemocracy reports staggeringly high rates of popular support in the UK for European levels of regulation. They run at between 70-80% - incorporating large majorities of those who voted to Leave. While the big boys bang on about sovereignty, regular people, women somewhat more than men, prefer regulation. Brexit has a weird, old-fashioned veneer because it is so male-dominated and self-important, giving the issue its end of epoch feel. The campaign against it risks being drawn into similar routines and perhaps recognising the centrality of regulation can help prevent this.
The significance of regulation came home to me when I recently attended a meeting with a senior member of the Cabinet who is an influential Brexiteer. The UK government will leave the EU, he said confidently, and no longer submit to the ECJ, the European Court of Justice. However, it would seek 'association agreements' with respect to nuclear materials, air travel, pharmaceuticals, automobiles and chemicals. Such agreements would have ECJ oversight. All international agreements necessitated arbitration, he told us, helpfully. The rules would be accepted at every point in the production process. When someone said such ongoing arrangements would come at a high cost, he nodded assent. In effect, the Brexiteer told us, all our manufacturing needs to be within the aegis of the EU’s regulated space.
Shortly after Open Europe, which is directed by Brexit-supporting Henry Newman who once worked for Michael Gove, published Striking a Balance, a report that recommends an across-the-board agreement on these lines. Its justification: “The EU is our most important goods’ market and the most highly-regulated sectors – electrical, automobiles, and chemicals – are the areas which we trade most with the EU and are growing the fastest”. Unlike Boris Johnson, who I'll come to in a moment, Brexiteers who study the evidence want the UK to be in the Single Market for goods. The government will apply “to stay in the European standards system for industry products and services”.
It is easy enough to ask, as we should, what, then, is the point of Brexit? Another good question is whether the EU will agree to the request. I want to ask why even passionate Brexiteers now see no way out of the EU’s regulated space, certainly in traded goods. The crux of the answer is that that there is no way out of regulation.
By regulation I don’t just mean high profile financial regulation. I mean its ongoing, background role in ensuring the quality of the air we breathe, the medicines we take, the food we consume and the safety of the flights we board. You could undertake the enormous costs of building custom checks for goods going between the UK from the EU. But what is the point, if you then have to recreate and duplicate inside the UK the entire apparatus of regulations, with their ongoing autonomy from parliamentary 'sovereignty'? The idea that once the UK left the EU Britain could ‘do away’ with regulation from Brussels, because it is mostly unnecessary, has proven to be an utter fantasy. Britain’s wannabe Donald Trump, Nigel Farage, told the BBC, “we will finish up perhaps in an even worse place than we are now because we won’t be free to de-regulate”. But no modern democracy would wish to deregulate. It is not the road to freedom. And as the UK government is learning, public opinion will not let it deregulate. This is a fundamental lesson of Brexit.
The lesson is related to, but goes further than, Will Davis's notable response to the referednum result in 2016. Drawing on David Graeber's The Utopia of Rules, Davis emphasised that in an important way "capitalism is regulation" and concluded that the ideology of Brexit is illusory.
In the UK, these dire, Brexit-times have bred impatience, shallowness and lack of reflection. I want to resist these and examine an activity which may seem petty and irritating but isn’t. A misconception needs to be undone, an everyday prejudice that certainly had me in its grip, and has blinded us to a reality that cannot be escaped. To comprehend why I will start with a glance at the conceptual inheritance embedded in the notion of sovereignty itself. It makes for a long article but the reward is that I will show it is impossible to ‘take back control’ in the way the Leave campaigners promised. They are living in the past. It is desirable and possible for countries to retain lots of democratic legislative, executive and judicial independence within the European Union. But with respect to the new, fourth branch of government we are hard-wired into a union of regulation. Something that is also, and not incidentally, to our huge mutual, personal and bodily benefit.
The dominant, early modern justifications of state power, from to Bodin to Hobbes, were concerned with the absolute nature of sovereignty, how to justify it, exercise it and ensure consent. In the eighteenth century the concept of the separation of powers was developed, most notably by Montesquieu. He looked at the nature of government not from the point of view of the ruler but from that of property owners. They needed good, strong government to ensure their rights. They also needed to preserve their privileges from the danger of such government becoming a tyranny over them. Montesquieu's solution was to elaborate on the way government involves three forms of activity: the legislative, the executive and the judicial, and to argue that their seperate autonomy was essential for the preservation of liberty. Each would check the others and thereby protect society from arbitrary power. Thus the executive (whether a monarch or those ruling in a monarch’s name) could not tax or expropriate except with the agreement of the parliament or assembly and only then within the rule of law.
The extreme nature of the separation of powers in the United States proved exceptional. Even there, they overlap and interact. Congress approves presidential appointments to the Supreme Court. Currently it does so on party lines and as a consequence the court has become politicised - in effect its independence is diminished more than in many European constitutions.
The practical reality of the three functions became the matrix for describing other law-based systems. In Britain, Bagehot, in his famous mid-19th century account of what he called The English Constitution, praised the efficient way the Cabinet 'fused' executive and legislative power, so that members of the legislature exercised executive government. The legacy of this undivided sovereignty remains central to the trauma of the Brexit referendum. In practical terms, the Victorians feared the consequences of the all-powerful fusion, should the extension of the franchise bring the unwashed to power. They ensured the independence of the executive arm by creating a permanent civil service that could not be replaced by an incoming government. But the mentality of parliamentary absolutism defined the horizons of the British system. In 1885, in what became its defining tome, The Law of the Constitution, A.V. Dicey described it as "the despotism of the King in Parliament". He summarised a tradition that goes back to Hobbes, whose Leviathan in the same famous frontispiece holds the public sword "unconstrained". To this day this remains, "the very definition of sovereignty" in the United Kingdom. We have not left centuries of history behind us.
Not so in most of Europe, where the earlier tradition of constrained power re-emerged in the codified constitutions of the later 20th century, creating a tide of protection and extending the rights of citizens. In a grim article in Prospect, Vernon Bogdanor analyses and laments the UK's looming loss of rights if it abandons the 'protected' constitutional model of the EU to revert back to Hobbes. It is a traditional argument well put but insufficient. Today, we are surrounded by a new kind of agency that does not oversee the exercise of power, judge who breaks the law or administer the armed forces or public services. Instead these agencies regulate.
If you embrace the Hobbesian, Westminster notion of the state, as Brexiteers do, then power is zero-sum. Either one has it or the other does. In contrast, the powers of regulation are an exercise in mutual collaboration with the aim of collective gain. The process is win-win not win-loose. For the Anglo-British this cannot define the nature of power - because sovereignty cannot be shared, it can only be singular. There are endless examples of this taken-for-granted assumption across the commentariat, both Remainers and Leavers. To take an example at random, Oliver Wiseman, the editor of CapX website, says he prefers "the return of powers from an undemocratic supranational organisation to a democratic national government”. The assumption: that power is something you have or do not have and it can be returned. But in many fields there is no such possibility. The power of regulation resides in relationships that are negotiated. The process needs to be democratised but it can't be 'returned'. The underlying premise of Brexit is that sovereignty is simple. It is not. If it ever was, it isn't simple now. It is complex, multi-layered and in the age of corporations no longer something nation states can monopolise over their territory. Hence Brexit cannot be 'Brexit', as in Boris Johnson's call for a "full British Brexit". Sovereignty is no longer a meal we can eat alone.
I owe much of my thinking about what has happened to Frank Vibert, author The Rise of the Unelected and The New Regulatory Space, Reframing Democratic Governance. He describes how over the last half-century unelected bodies, from economic regulators, to science and medical councils, and now digital watchdogs, backed by a new range of auditors and ‘risk managers’, have proliferated. Democracies need regulation for a wide variety of reasons that have grown out of an increasingly complex, science-based, long-range market-place. New relationships are being created between the state and the market, while ethical questions of safety, accountability, privacy and consumer and employee rights have emerged. The internet and the explosion of digital platforms has intensified the process greatly.
Regulation goes back to the first British Factory Acts. It was strongly developed in the USA in the New Deal to rein in business. In 1991, Cass Sunstein wrote a pioneering account of this in After the Rights Revolution, Reconceiving the Regulatory Space and attempted to set out legal principles to govern regulation within the framework of the US constitution. This year, Paul Tucker, who was deputy director of the Bank of England, published a massive, thoughtful account, Unelected Power: the quest for legitimacy in central banking and the regulatory state. He argues that it is dangerous for democracy if regulation over-reaches itself to become a fourth branch of government and he sets out principles to ensure it remains accountable. His arguments are echoed by David Currie, outgoing chairman of the Competition and Markets Authority. In a valedictory lecture he emphasised how its regulatory power is wholly independent of parliament and ministers and is deployed “even when no one is breaking the law” to investigate whole markets (such as the price and practice of funerals). Yet because its authority is set out by parliament and subject to judicial review, Currie sees it as subordinate to the traditional structures.
A parallel example would be the way ‘cyber-space’ has now added a new dimension to land, sea and air, without replacing them. We live in the same physical world as the twentieth century but not in the same way.
Regulation has become a parallel form of authority over how we live. This has enormous dangers. We now need to ensure it answers to citizens democratically; which in turn presents a new kind of constitutional challenge that will not be met by traditional political responses. Otherwise, our democracy, such as it is, could be replaced by hi-tech dependency that subordinates us to a networked ‘social-credit’ regime of the kind being pioneered in China to pre-empt democracy there.
With the danger comes the possibility of a more human, decentralised self-government. That is for the future. Here, I simply want to examine what it means in the present; starting with three perspectives: that of the law, for a single industry and for us as individuals.
As of the date of a Brexit, the process of rulemaking and enforcement within these expert entities will not stop, and indeed should not stop, since new dangers will be identified, new products will be proposed, new licensing requirements will emerge and adverse events about existing products will be reported. To take one example, pharmaceuticals are today subject to successive tests in the laboratory, then on animals, then on healthy human volunteers, then on selected patients in order to demonstrate safety and efficacy. Once approved, the performance of the medicine is regularly monitored and apparent problems (adverse health events) reported, for corrective action to be taken. Animal feed in line with the advice of the Scientific Committee on Animal Nutrition is subject to comparable but lighter rules, as are food additives and cosmetics.
It seems that the EU has in this way developed over 11,000 regulations, set over 60,000 standards and its different agencies have taken over 18,000 decisions on interpreting regulations and laws. Forrester notes that it could take ten years to incorporate them into British law, if each is accorded scrutiny. This alone shows that a process has been taking place that is beyond the reach and capacity of traditional legislatures. The result was acknowledged by the prime minister in her Mansion House speech in March when she finally set out ambitions for Brexit, “the UK will need to make a strong commitment that its regulatory standards will remain as high as the EU’s”.
The continuous development of the rules that we need, to manage the dangers of science-based progress that we enjoy, can’t be legislated by traditional parliamentary institutions or overseen by traditional executive power. Regulation is an ongoing process of investigation, consideration and enforcement, different from both while it also has a quasi-judicial role. This is now integral to the everyday life of government in an age of international trade. We live in a regulated world.
A lucid, two-page letter in December last year explains why we live in a regulated world, from the viewpoint of just one critical industry. It is addressed to Michael Gove as the Secretary of State for the Environment. The author is Steve Elliott, Chief Executive of the UK’s Chemical Industries Association, a sector, he points out, that is “the UK’s largest manufacturing export earner”.
Ten years ago, the EU created REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals), whose landing page explains its regulatory aims and justification. When it was set up, Elliott admits, the industry “was very concerned about the regulatory/testing costs”. Now, he reports, while imperfect and in need of changes, they have embraced it. It has worked, and is setting global standards that customers want. He makes a strong “plea” that the UK remains in REACH, sketches some of the chilling costs of leaving, and points out that if it does, given the huge importance of the EU market, his members have to respond to “two regulatory bodies”. This would make a “mockery” of the “regulatory simplification” promised by Brexit.
Why two? Because here in the UK the chemical industry needs and desires regulation and would have to create its own version of REACH: “our industry would wish to highlight that it recognises the need for robust regulation. We are a high hazard sector and it is only right that we are regulated accordingly, giving confidence to our workforce, our local communities and consumers of our products”.
In terms of what passes for the debate about Brexit, it is important to register that there has been no serious, counter-argument to the detailed, reasoned case, based on the realities of regulation. No one, therefore, can be in any doubt about the imperative need for a regulatory regime outside normal, parliamentary legislation and the impossible costs, practical and financial, of attempting to duplicate one. No one, that is, unless you are Boris Johnson oblivious to evidence. It is striking, watching Johnson in action, how he is unable to move on from the referendum campaign of 2016, that he led. You would expect after two years that his advocacy of Brexit would be more than hot air. Instead, it is as if he already knows that it was the high-point of his influence and he clings to its tropes and his now wearisome bonhomie. In a diatribe to fellow MPs, leaked to Buzzfeed, the man who is its Foreign Secretary attacked his own government’s negotiations in case they end up, as he knows they must, with the UK “locked in orbit around the EU…and not having freedom with our regulatory framework”. The casual suggestion that Britain can benefit from the “freedom” to regulate for itself shows Johnson’s lack of seriousness. This is confirmed by an article in the Sun on the second anniversary of the Referendum. Johnson demands, "the freedom to bust out of the corsets of EU regulation and rules - to do things our way" and not "some perpetual pushme-pullyou arrangement".
There is not a scintilla of evidence that he has read the letter from the Chemical Industries Association or similar ones from every sector of industry, or from Japanese and European foreign investors, with respect to regulation, or even that he absorbed what the prime minister said in her Mansion House speech when he sat in front of her. Gove at least appears to have registered the evidence. Yet Brexit is personified by Johnson more than anyone.
What does regulation mean for us as individuals? I’ve cited various experts and regulators and quoted a judge and the spokesman for the chemical industry. All this associates regulation with top-down authority. But the strength and vitality of the regulatory transformation of government is rooted in popular demand. There are two reasons why this is not obvious. Wealthy, speculative enemies of good government have funded the populist drumbeat attacking ‘regulations’ as ‘elitist’. Second, in our everyday lives, while we worry about the purity of what is sold to us, we only think about regulation when something goes wrong. This needs to change. We need to be able to challenge and improve regulation when it is clumsy, stupid or disempowering - to do so we need to make regulation democratic.
Today, we rely on regulation. Back in the mid-twentieth century Britain if you wanted a take-away meal you might go to a locally owned chippy and pay cash. Today, you are just as likely to order and pay for it over the phone or even online, from a pizza chain. In doing so you have a set of expectations. Even if these do not include concern for working conditions in the kitchens and for the delivery workers, as they should, you will certainly expect that your card details are secure and the food healthy. The latter is especially important as those fullfilling your order may be temporary employees with no direct responsibility for the content of what you are eating. You do not want state surveillance of your activity. But in the background you expect it to have ensured oversight of banking and payment systems and rules about what goes into our food.
We expect official standards to be in operation in the background of our everyday lives in a way that is historically novel. Even for simple activity. Previously if you were poor you wrapped a cloth around your hand to take something out of the oven, should you be cooking for yourself and your family. Now we buy oven gloves. We do not expect these to melt or burn easily. If they contain synthetic materials these must not be emit toxic fumes if singed. If you want free trade in oven gloves they could be made anywhere. Standards are required so that wholesalers know that even the cheapest are minimally safe. This requires regulation.
In Trump’s United States, the corporate lobby holds sway. It has just been reported, the chemical industry has “scored a big win” and persuaded the Environment Protection Agency that when it assesses the use of dangerous chemicals it will “exclude from its calculations any potential exposure caused by the substances’ presence in the air, the ground or water’”. Think about that. However callous the USA, at some point its victims will capture popular sympathy when it suffers its version of Grenfell Tower, which now stands as a witness to the consequence of permissive deregulation. As the fridge caught fire in Flat 16 of the fourth floor of Grenfell Tower on the 14 June 2017, it sucked a whirlwind of inadequate, flawed, ill-enforced regulation and cuts in fire-brigade risk assessment and enforcement, into a murderous inferno. It was nothing to do with the EU but it would never have happened had the EU set the UK’s building standards and their implementation.
“The root cause of this shift was simply that there was – and indeed still is – no public appetite for a deregulatory agenda. Our own polling with Opinium has found widespread public support for some of the most controversial EU-derived employment, environmental and financial legislation… Renewable energy targets – another bugbear of earlier Eurosceptics – are endorsed or considered too low by 74 per cent… more than 80 per cent of the public are opposed to lowering food safety standards. When confronted with this wall of public opinion, it is no surprise that leave campaigners adapted their position as the referendum date neared”.
The anti-EU campaign is one of the strangest on record. It began by demanding an end to European regulation while increasing trade with the EU. Its triumph has led it to embrace less trade with the EU while retaining its level of regulation! But when it comes to 80% you can’t argue with “the people’s will”. Or as Theresa May put it in har Mansion House speech that Johnson praises but ignores, in "areas like workers’ rights or the environment, the EU should be confident that we will not engage in a race to the bottom in the standards and protections we set. There is no serious political constituency in the UK which would support this – quite the opposite".
fundamental misunderstanding [is] about the single market, ironically since Britain was in large part its architect. The core of that misunderstanding is to regard the single market as an economic entity or international trade area whereas, in fact, it is more precisely a regulatory entity and area. It is this which has enabled the EU to dismantle non-tariff barriers to trade, including trade in services, in a way that goes beyond anything that exists anywhere else in the world. But, inevitably, this entails a shared legal and political infrastructure. How else can market-wide rules and regulations be made and enforced? The failure to understand this basic definitional fact, allied with the ‘in 1975 we were told it was just a trade bloc’ myth, gave rise to all of the ‘bendy banana’ type stories that ended up with the ‘take back control’ slogan of 2016.
The correct way to think of the EU in economic terms is as a “regulatory union”, with the appetite and ability to extend its rules extraterritorially: the so-called Brussels effect. The EU is a superpower in no other respect. But in this critical one, it is. And the idea that, on its own, the UK, can compete with massive regional trading blocs – the EU, the US, China – as a standard setter, on industrial goods to data, is an illusion. And leaving a regulatory union, including a Customs Union is really much more difficult than leaving a free trade area.
We have to go further. The way to think about the EU in terms of constitutional sovereignty is as the European union of regulation. This is its core achievement and greatest attainment. It is so fundamental that whether or not the Euro survives, and however much the Union may fail on critical issues like migration, it is not going to break up. It has achieved an enormous, ongoing material and human advance by responding to the need for the new and now essential domain of government.
Why hasn’t the significance of regulation for the EU been recognised? Routledge have just published a densely researched Handbook on Brexit, edited by Patrick Diamond, Peter Nedergaard and Ben Rosamond. It has 23 scholarly articles and aims to set out a “systematic academic overview” of the Brexit process. They encompass the special character of the British state, the English and Irish questions, the role of the city of London, the flaws of the EU and the need to rethink theories of its nature. But regulation only figures as an aspect of financial policy for the City of London. The respected Centre for European Reform published a 50 page overview of how to Relaunch the EU in November last year. It is sober, thorough and addresses the need to make the EU more responsive. But it does not mention regulation or the need to make this accountable. The arguments that Vibert has developed remain peripheral to mainstream thinking.
There is a prejudice against regarding regulation as anything other than a secondary activity or an add on. This extends back to the origins of the EU’s creation of itself as a regulatory space in the 1980s. In his classic account of the EU, The Passage to Europe, Luuk Van Middelaar recounts that when Jacques Delors was appointed President of the Commission in 1984 he was ambitious to create a sovereign Europe. He toured the capitals of the then EU to see if they would support a unified army, a common currency, or institutional reform. Instead, they only shared an interest in an improved internal market. Quotas and tariffs had been banned but a “maze” of rules and regulations prevented trade. A disappointed Delors accepted what he could get. He applied the EU’s approach pioneered by its founder Jean Monnet, aptly described by Perry Anderson as “incremental totalization”. Delors proposed an 8 year timetable of 300 legislative measures each member state should adopt to create what we now know as the Single Market. The Commission’s paper justified this to itself, explaining, “Economic integration has to precede European union”. As Middelaar dryly comments, “Europe was escaping into low politics again, while longing to engage in high politics”.
Regulation was regarded as the dull but necessary preparatory work of the kitchen. The justification for it was the future feast in the dining room of global sovereignty. This may still be the hope for some. But the feast was and is a fantasy. Democratic nation-states are not going to fuse into a superstate. As the current President of the Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker, has just emphasised with respect to Italy, if only to shield the EU from responsibility for it, “A country is a country, a nation is a nation. Countries first, Europe second.” But meanwhile, in the kitchen, something else has been cooking, an autonomous continental-wide system of regulation that now provides many essential safeguards for Europe’s economies and consumers, whose standards for hazardous products and materials are becoming a benchmark around the world.
Regulation is the Cinderella of the Union.
Regulation is the Cinderella of the Union. It is despised by the stepmothers of the media, and obliged to undertake the routine chores while the Euro and its ugly sisters enjoy the silk sheets of endless attention. But midnight has struck for the ball of ever-closer union and super-statehood. On whose feet will the glorious slippers of the European Union fit, if not regulation?
What are the principles we need to ensure regulation is answerable to us as citizens? Paul Tucker sets out some bold ones for first order agencies like the Bank of England, including clear mandates set out by parliaments. All bodies that undertake regulation should be independent of those whose activities they regulate. This might seem obvious, but regulatory capture is often the name of the game – especially when it comes to sweetheart auditing. The greatest recent scandal dramatically confirms the life and death need for robust regulation, outside of political control in an age of corporate power. The Volkswagen emissions disaster saw the German company sell eleven million cars that filled cities around the world with lethal nitrogen oxide fumes. Fortune published a gripping description of how this was permitted by the crony networks of German politics. At one point it describes how regulation was “watered down to the point of meaninglessness...[when] the German government amended its rules so that inspections of emissions performance would be based solely on readings from a car’s own ‘onboard diagnostic’ system, effectively ceding total control to the automakers”. It was also a grotesque failure by the EU to ensure independent oversight of testing.
Another principle is that every agency should have a duty to explain itself in clear language to the public as well as the workforces and businesses directly affected by it. Such reports should also be subject to open challenge and questioning. Regulation must be answerable and should relish explaining itself, as a rational form of policy making with the public interest at heart. Only if different national publics are able to see that continental-wide regulation makes sense for them and is rooted in their own interests, will it be experienced as a gain of control and democratic mastery.
An additional principle is needed to build on this. Regulation should protect and encourage diversity and empower responsible judgment - and not create costs that only corporations can fulfil. Like nature, progress consists of generating an abundance of variety. Sometimes the EU does achieve this. Thus its regulations for Protected Designations of Origins, EU 1151/2012 covers nearly 1,500 food products, from Stilton to Parma ham within the EU and without, to ensure that no description can suggest that products “originates in a geographical area other than the true place of origin...”.
The democratic politics of regulation has yet to begin, outside of the Green movement. There is much to learn. But the fundamental point is that regulation must be brought out of the kitchen to be recognised as an extension of our democratic interests and intelligence, rather than being caricatured as the negation of self-government. For this to happen, the European Union and its Commission need to abandon their presumption that their calling is to replace national governments. Instead of regarding it as the dirty-work preparing the foundations for a super-state, regulation needs to be treated as the EU’s towering, irreplaceable achievement. One that assists national governments. On behalf of its member states the EU has created the new domain of sovereignty – regulation - with huge savings and advantages for all. Its accumulation of agencies, rules, and decision-making may seem to Brexiteers like the mere threads tying down the British Gulliver. But they are neither Lilliputian in strength nor chains of restriction: they are the inescapable and potentially liberating liaisons of a union of regulation. A union that empowers citizens across the continent, a union from which Britain should not wish to escape and, as we are now witnessing, cannot.
Last month I published an open letter to my fellow Remainers in the UK about how to win the civil war that has broken out over Brexit. Millions of UK voters said Basta – enough! – when asked whether they wanted things to continue as they are. This was captured by the slogan 'Take Back Control'. To combat this we need a positive story about EU membership that engages with sovereignty and immigration as well as the combattive one attacking the oligarchs who back Brexit. This is not difficult for me because, while I'm critical of the EU, I regard myself as an English European. I delight in Europe and take an interest in how it and the UK are governed. When I wrote The Lure of Greatness in the aftermath of the referendum I forensically examined the decomposition of the British constitution thanks to the Brexit crisis and how resolving this is central to overcoming Brexit. But the vast majority of my compatriots including most of those who voted Remain don't yet share my interest in sovereignty and the constitution.
Why, then, do millions show such stalwart, unwavering desire to repair the breach with the EU, while they remain indifferent to its institutions? Why do they regard Brexit as bonkers when they care little for Brussels and have no interest in how it works, apart from perhaps regarding it as tiresome and self-important? Something practical and not at all about the high institutions must be going on which has normalised living as part of the European Union. Something like the widely shared interview with a van driver who rang James O’Brien’s call-in programme and explained how Brexit would destroy his livelihood. Although no one uses such a mouthful, he was singing the praise of its shared regulatory space. Maybe, I thought to myself, I too have got too caught up in traditional notions of high politics and sovereignty while the nature of government has moved on.
The defining ideologist of Brexit is the Daily Mail. It describes the main motive for leaving the EU as, “a deep-seated human yearning to recover our national identity and independence”. Must it be the case, then, that those of us who voted Remain are indifferent to, or have no yearning for, national identity and independence? I think not. I claim that we are more free in a fundamental way as persons - as English, Scottish, Welsh, Irish and British persons - inside the EU. Our liberty is enhanced within it, for all the dangers. You could answer that it is a false binary: that we can enjoy both patriotism and partnership, national identity and international regulation. Indeed, but such an answer takes a side. The spirit of Brexit insists on a single priority. For the Daily Mail our national identity and independence are being lost and must be “recovered”. It sees mass migration and the European Court of Justice as invaders that have penetrated our national space. It demands they be repelled to save our country and its great institutions. If judges show themselves to be “enemies of the people” and peers of the realm have become “traitors in ermine” they merely confirm how far subversion has reached.
The Prime Minister shares this view. In her first speech to a Conservative Party conference as its leader she warned, “if you believe you’re a citizen of the world, you’re a citizen of nowhere”. This is the Daily Mail, Brexit point of view: our national identity is singular. The opposite, pro-European point of view has just been powerfully described by David Marquand: all of us have multiple identies. How, then, is it possible to share more than one identity and live with others who have their multiple allegiances - and not fall into the vertiginous vacuum of nowhere? How can the country – any country – hold together, if its people are not joined by the same, single “deep-seated, human yearning”? The answer is that regulation and human rights make multiple identities nationally feasible, by providing a practical framework for living together. They could hardly be more important for us.
This is the second in a mini-series. The first is on the Brexit civil war. Next, The Brexit breakdown.

industry_corpus2: Politics & Administration


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industry_corpus2: Health & Medicine


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industry_corpus2: Gaming


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Valentine’s Day is just around the corner. For couples, this holiday is typically marked with candy, roses, a nice dinner out, or by purchasing some other material good meant to symbolize love. But, for single people, Valentine’s Day can be about so much more (like your dog).
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industry_corpus2: Travel & Geography


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Yesterday I noticed the above coloured banner across the top of the main page of my blog. I didn’t order it to be placed there, nor did I have anything to do with its appearance and have written to WordPress requesting its removal.
I am colour blind as far as race, sexual orientation, religion and politics, and I am not in favour of any symbols being shown on my blog, for or against anything, unless I make the post.
I pay WordPress for the blog, so being the ultimate customer I consider that I have the right to post / remove what ever I want.
The various WordPress blogs that I follow also have the same coloured banner included on their main page, and I wonder how many have agreed to such an intrusive inclusion.
My original idea was to post a blog about 11.00 am on Sunday the 3rd of September seventy eight years ago, because today is also Sunday the 3rd of September, but in 2017.
I spoke to a lady this morning in church and asked her if she knew what was special about today. She thought for a minute and looked at me and said ‘I was eleven when Mr Chamberlain spoke, and we were all gathered around the wireless.’ My friend was ninety earlier this year.
King George VI during the speech he made on the 3rd September 1939.
The highest of distinction is service to others.
Australia declared war on the 3rd of September 1939.
Canada declared war on the 10th September 1939.
William Lyon Mackenzie King was Prime Minister.
South Africa declared war on the 4th September 1939.
The day Jan Smuts became Prime Minister.

industry_corpus2: Others


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“Podicus Wrecks” founder J.R. and I did a podcast episode last year, where we picked the winners of the NCAA College Football bowl games. Neither of us had looked at the list of games beforehand; we pulled up the games and predicted them live, with the loser buying the winner dinner, at a time to be later determined.
Well, we are back for the 2017 bowl games! This time, J.R. wrote his picks down ahead of time; I made my picks on air. Dinner is the wager again.
In addition to picks, there are a few rants about the Heisman Trophy, the Division I football playoff format (IT’S A SIMPLE FIX, to me!), and the silliness of the University of Tennessee coaching fiasco. If you are not a sports fan, then go check out some of my older posts, some previous episodes on “Podicus Wrecks”, or (if you are a comic book fan) check out the parent site of the podcast, “Comicdom Wrecks”. Otherwise, enjoy the episode… then do what I just mentioned to the non-sports fans!
Would you believe that we tied AGAIN??

industry_corpus2: Sports


text: Wonderful 3 bedroom, 2 bath fully furnished ocean front condo a the family friendly Long Bay Resort. Resort amenities include indoor and outdoor pools, lazy river, fitness room, pool side tiki bar, on site Starbucks, Martin's Restaurant, and kids club activities and more! Minutes to Broadway at the Beach, shopping, dining, entertainment and golf.

industry_corpus2: Real Estate & Construction


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Zend Framework is a standout amongst the most well-known frameworks in their arsenal owing to its rich features and the different benefits that it offers.
It's very hard to distinguish specific favorable circumstances while referring to frameworks; however, Zend Framework does encourage an incorporated methodology towards development, which helps developers to choose the final result. Zend has been known to address various issues through the structure. One needs to witness the pivotal viewpoints inside and out before judging a framework.
Zend Framework was created by the originators of PHP, which guarantees developers of its soundness and the power with which it is build. The library of classes inside the framework can help developers to convey any standard assignment that needs the developer's vision and plan. Zend is known to diminish many-sided quality of development for developers particularly while making standard modules.
Already existing codes were utilized as base for new development, since Zend Framework helps programmers to edit & correct them. By utilizing prior codes as a base, developers could diminish the general time needed for application development.
The information display, the UI and rationale are differentiated from each other, which implies that the segments experience little changes if even a minor section is changed. Since customers have different requirements with respect to the application interface, it gets to be troublesome for developers at times to conform to current patterns in development. By redesigning the UI through the Zend framework however, one would not oblige a complete upgrade of structure.
Numerous IT groups make web solutions, specific software products, content management frameworks and so forth, chipping away at the highlights offered by the system. With numerous instant solutions and characteristics, the system helps in decreasing the general time span of new software developments.
ñ Gives MVC components to detach business rationale from UI.
ñ Executes the front controller example.

industry_corpus2: Computing & Telecommunications


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Leverage innovative Big Data technology to turn your energy data into actionable insights! Create customer focused services, reduce customer churn and convert prospects to paying customers. Easier and faster than ever!
Today’s energy market is all about efficiency and sustainability. A lot of data is being collected by IoT devices such as smart meters. A single device that measures one value per second stores 86.400 data points per day. How do you process and analyze these enormous amounts of data and how do you turn it into actionable insights in an accessible and scalable manner?
Years of experience in the utilities industry combined with our expertise in the field of Big Data have resulted in an analytical platform which is capable of capturing and analyzing gigantic amounts of (un)structured data for millions of customers in parallel.
Intelligent Energy Insight integrates seamlessly with any of your data sources. It features highly secure data storage, data improvement algorithms and real time analysis and insights. Data can be combined in a personal dashboard, showing insights like current usage, customer profile analysis, base load, time slices and peer benchmarking. Based on these insights, value added services can be developed.
Do you have a planning challenge? Experience what TimeSeries’ Intelligent Insight can do for your company!

industry_corpus2: Power & Energy


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Guam Business Magazine is presenting Lifetime Achievement Awards to Donna Kloppenburg and Belta Perez, according to an announcement.
The award recognizes businesswomen who have worked tirelessly to improve the quality of life on Guam through business and community service, and who serve as role models for businesswomen, the announcement stated.
Kloppenburg and Perez will receive the awards on April 27 at the 2019 Guam Business Magazine Businesswoman of the Year Gala at the Hyatt Regency Guam.
Kloppenburg is the executive vice president of Kloppenburg Enterprises Inc. and worked as the public relations and development director of the Salvation Army’s Guam Corps for 11 years from 2002 to 2013.
She's also past president of the Guam Women’s Club, the International Women’s Club of Guam, Soroptimist International of Guam, the Guam Council of Women’s Club and the Guam Symphony Society.
Perez is president of John Robert Powers LLC, which she founded in 1970 to teach dance, voice, acting and modeling skills. More than 25,000 students have graduated from John Robert Powers. The school was recognized in 2018 as School of the Year by the International Presentation of Performers.
Perez taught drama at Academy of Our Lady of Guam for two years, moving to the Department of Education in 1968 as an administrator. In 1969 Perez wrote the grant that launched the Guam Head Start Program for 3 to 5 year olds, and was a member of the GVB Board from 1970 to 1981.

industry_corpus2: Subject Education


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To the outspoken. The daring.
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"Later we will do examination"
The English should be "Later, we will do the examination."
If you think something is wrong, hit "report a problem". Pointing it out in the comments it likely won't be seen by the right people.
When I choose "the English sentence contains an error" or is awkward, etc., there is no place to suggest another sentence. That is why I put it in the comments.
You can select multiple options. I also hit other and type my suggestion in the box.
The word order "Tutafanya mtihani baadaye" is wrong ?


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剧情:Big city lawyer Joanna Hanley returns to her hometown to take the case of a group of girls suffering from a mysterious illness.
剧情:On a tireless quest to find his missing daughter Jody, Nelly will go to any length to uncover the truth and he'll discover more about himself and those around him than he could have ever imagined.
剧情:Follows the lives of women living in Montreal.
剧情:Detective Jay Swan is assigned to investigate a mysterious disappearance on an outback cattle station. Soon, Jay's investigation uncovers a past injustice that threatens the fabric of the whole community.
Copyright © 2015-2016 澳客彩票网.All Rights Reserved .

industry_corpus2: Film & Entertainment


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Bird Droppings: Video Added to Google My Business...and More!
Bird Droppings: Video Added to Google My Business…and More!
Welcome to another edition of “Bird Droppings.” A simple list highlighting recent articles relevant to legal marketing. We’ve assembled a variety of links to bring you up to speed with what’s been happening in the industry over the past few weeks!
Rebecca Sentance from Search Engine Watch explains why linkless mentions are the future of link-building.
The option to add video to Google My Business is now live!
Protect your advertising investment by removing click fraud in the Google display network.
Google AdWords will no longer support Review Extensions starting mid Jan 2018.
Starting in July 2018 Google will use mobile speed as a ranking factor for mobile searches.
WordPress released a security and maintenance update to 4.9.2. A vulnerability and a handful of bugs were fixed and you can read more about it here.
Local SEO expert, Miriam Ellis, shares over 25 FREE tools to help local SEOs.
Case Study: How proximity impacts law firm rankings in Google’s local pack.
Marcus Miller explains how to make the most of your website redesign and ensure and improve your existing search engine rankings and traffic.
Ford is being sued by truck owners claiming diesel engines were rigged.
CEO Mark Zuckerberg changes Facebook’s goal to help you have more meaningful social interactions by sacrificing public content, news outlets, total time spent and ads you see.

industry_corpus2: Law & Justice


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International flight to Delhi or Mumbai and internal flight onto Jodhpur, the meeting point for the ride.
Ajeet and Caroline’s combined backgrounds bring together an unsurpassed mix of excellent knowledge of the riding routes and area from Mathania the start of this desert ride, through and Cullu to your final destination of Khichan.
The following 5 nights are spent out on safari in tented accommodation. The camps are set up in beautiful locations, personally selected by Ajeet. The tents themselves are really big and full height, with comfortable beds, side tables and good ensuite facilities, that include porcelain loos, wash stands and plenty of hot water for hand showers.
Arrive at Jodhpur. Transfer to hotel. Afternoon sightseeing to Mehrangarh Fort. Mehrangarh Fort stands a hundred feet in splendour on a perpendicular cliff, four hundred feet above the sky line of Jodhpur. Burnished red sand stone, imposing, invincible and yet with a strange haunting beauty that beckons. Much has been written about the Citadel of the Sun, for truly, it is one of the most impressive in all Rajasthan. So colossal are its proportions that Rudyard Kipling called it “the work of giants”. Today, it is acknowledged as one of the best preserved fort in India. We will also visit Jodhpur market and the central clock tower area of the city. Overnight: Jodhpur Hotel.
After breakfast a very sad farewell to your Mawari horse and your India hosts Ajeet & Caroline. Transfer by road to Jodhpur for departure & your onward destination.


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Mike Gelfond, President of Mastermind Marketing, was recently featured in a Forbes article on helping brands minimize disruption and negative impact online by using the three P’s: planning, process, and practice.
It takes mere seconds for an image, message or video to be shared and seen by thousands — potentially millions — around the world. When the image is brand-boosting and positive, it’s great news. But when it is negative, the opposite can be true.
You may already be prepared to face the inevitable online detractors — from unhappy customers to random internet trolls. But are you ready for a more significant crisis on social media? Are you able to react quickly and in a way that is appropriate? Companies can make things worse by overreacting, under-reacting or flat-out panicking, and things can go downhill from there.
At Mastermind Marketing, we help customers respond consistently and authentically to both positive and negative feedback online. But preparing for a true digital or social crisis is imperative. We help our Fortune 500 clients around the world prepare for digital crises through a three-step approach.


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We have no breeding plans in the forseeable future. If you are interested in a litter sired by Gibbs, please contact me for upcoming breedings.
Please familiarize yourself with the GRCA's "Acquiring a Golden Retriever" page before beginning your search for a golden retriever puppy.
Feel free to contact us with any questions and we will respond as soon as possible. We would also be happy to refer you to any litters we know about. For puppy referral, please see the GPGRC website.

industry_corpus2: Agriculture & Fisheries


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DOYLESTOWN, Pa. — A marijuana dealer gave police a grisly account of killing four men on his family’s farm, saying he crushed one of them with a backhoe after shooting him and tried to set three of the bodies on fire in a metal bin with the help of his cousin, according to court papers filed Friday.
Cosmo DiNardo, who graduated from a Catholic prep school two years ago, said he killed a former schoolmate when he arrived with $800 to buy $8,000 worth of pot. DiNardo, who’s charged along with his cousin, said he shot another man in the back as he tried to run away.
DiNardo, 20, pinned one of the deaths on his cousin, who was charged Friday, although the cousin told police that DiNardo shot all four of the victims.
The only motive disclosed by investigators was that DiNardo said he wanted to set the victims up when they went to the farm to buy marijuana. One man vanished July 5, and the others vanished two days later.
Three of the slain men were buried at the farm, in Solebury, in an oil tank that had been converted into a cooker. The FBI found them Wednesday after four days of methodical hand-digging and sifting in a spot on the 90-acre farm that dogs had sniffed out.
Authorities might never have found the fourth body unless they worked with DiNardo, Bucks County District Attorney Matthew Weintraub said.
“I don’t know what convinced him (to confess). I’d like to think he wanted to get these boys home,” Weintraub said, explaining the surprise plea agreement forged Thursday that led to the final body.
DiNardo told police where to find 19-year-old Loyola University of Maryland student Jimi Taro Patrick, who was a year behind DiNardo at Holy Ghost Prep School near Bensalem, and agreed to plead guilty to four counts of first-degree murder. In exchange, he will be spared the death penalty.
Investigators would still be looking for Patrick’s body had they not made the agreement with DiNardo, Weintraub said.
“It was so far away (from the others on the farm) that I started to get sick to my stomach on the ride,” he said.
DiNardo’s history of mental illness includes involuntary commitment, a schizophrenia diagnosis and repeated contacts with police. He also suffered a head injury last year in an ATV accident.
The commitment meant he was barred from possessing guns, but nonetheless he had one in February when police charged him with having a shotgun. He also used at least two guns in the slayings, investigators said.
A person with firsthand knowledge of DiNardo’s confession said he acknowledged selling a variety of handguns to local residents. The person spoke to The Associated Press on the condition of anonymity on Thursday because he was not authorized to publicly discuss details of the case.
DiNardo is charged with four homicide counts and 20 other crimes, including abuse of a corpse, conspiracy and robbery.
“I’m sorry,” DiNardo said Thursday as he was led into a police van.
His cousin Sean Kratz, 20, faces 20 counts, including three homicide counts. Both were being held in jail without bail.
DiNardo’s parents, who own the farm property in Solebury and construction and concrete companies in Bensalem, where they live, declined to comment Thursday when they left a court building after their son confessed. Kratz’s mother declined to comment on her son arrest’s when reached by phone.
Kratz told a judge on Friday that he had no lawyer. The judge replied that he should hire one or apply for a public defender.
The other victims were 19-year-old Dean Finocchiaro, 22-year-old Mark Sturgis and 21-year-old Tom Meo.


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stamped, and installed in accordance with Section III of the ASME Code.
and inspected in accordance with this Chapter.
the North Carolina identification number.
Amended Eff. October 1, 2008; July 1, 2006; June 1, 1982.


text: Muslims aren't the only ones worried about women's swimwear. Check out this stunning collection from "WholesomeWear." Fundamentalism: bringing the world closer together - by putting women in their place.


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CLAIM THE DATE! Saturday 26th May 2018 is set to sizzle with our biggest, most lavish, and final ever edition of Bellicious. This 10th Anniversary celebration is all about pure overindulgence. Dress in your best and most glorious finery and jewels, enjoy a delicious three course meal, be entertained by Astarte Studio dancers and special guest artists, before joining us on the floor for our final Bellicious Dance Party. Ticket Sales Open March 2018.
Details and announcements coming soon. Mark the dates in your diaries and start getting excited!!!
A spectacular show starring our international guest dancer (TBA) and the best of Australian talent! This is not a night to be missed!!!
A day of non-stop performances from a variety of Australian talent plus a fabulous market bazaar for all your shopping needs. Applications for performers and stall holders TBA, keep your eye on the Tribal & Trance Festival page and official group for announcements!


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EBM duo RENDERED step up with a stonker of a session in this week’s 2nd hour. In our first hear Ryuichi Sakamoto, Randomer, Mazzula, Darqwan, Ryuji Takeuchi, Sclist, Diasiva, OZIGIRI and more.
Formed in 2016 by 14 Anger‘s Clement Perez and Daniel Myer (Architect, Haujobb) RENDERED is an EBM techno project. The duo already have two EPs worth of throbbing heat available, with a third coming very shortly. Their first HOLEINTHEHEAD can be found on German’s famed aufnahme + wiedergabe, their second, BENDOVER, is on Fleisch. The third drops soon on Body Theory.
The pair can be found gigging around Europe, including hitting London’s afterclub Sunday morning hard-sess Jaded this Sunday, July 30th at Corsica Studios. On September 9th they play Naples.


text: Ford vehicles are available with curtain, driver, passenger and side airbags. Advanced sensors are also positioned at key points in the vehicle to ensure a swift and controlled response, and an improved activation system. If you want your passenger airbag switched off, for example if a baby or toddler is travelling in a rear-facing seat, just flick a switch to deactivate it. To provide you with a useful reminder, this 'off' status is shown by a light in the instrument cluster.

industry_corpus2: Automobiles