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Myles Charvis drives to the basket at the Meridian Centre. Photo by Trung Ho.
On Saturday night the Brock Badgers held their annual special regular season basketball game in downtown St. Catharines at the Meridian Centre, where the attendance was announced to be 3,175. Both the Ryerson Rams men’s and women’s teams hoped to stay undefeated as the Badgers’ men’s and women’s teams headed into the game each on a three-game winning streak.
Marin Scotten had 17 points and five rebounds, while Rachel Farwell scored 12 points off of the bench as the Ryerson Rams remained undefeated through their seventh game of the season, beating the Brock Badgers 81-55.
Sofia Paska also added seven points and 10 rebounds in her second game back for the Rams.
The OUA’s second leading scorer, Melissa Tatti, led the Badgers with 22 points, five assists and seven steals, and Sofia Croce added 10 points off of the bench.
After the Rams opened the game on a 7-1 run, the Badgers made a run of their own to keep the game within reach through the first 12 minutes of play. A 3-pointer by Baelie Campbell gave the Badgers their first lead of the game at 15-14 late in the first quarter, for what would become the home team’s only advantage on the night.
The Rams started the second quarter outscoring the Badgers 14-2, holding their opponents to just one made field goal in six minutes. The size advantage and post-play of Paska and Bronwyn Williams helped create shots for the Rams’ offence, as they converted on four 3-pointers to close the half with a 40-25 lead, including one each from Hayley Robertson and Jama Bin-Edward, and two from Scotten.
The Rams took their largest lead of the game at 65-35 with 17 seconds left in the third quarter, after Scotten knocked down her third 3-pointer of the game. Rams coach Carly Clarke started the fourth quarter with four reserves alongside fifth-year guard Cara Tiemens, who finished the game with three points and three assists in 35 minutes of action.
Coming into tonight’s matchup, Williams was the Rams’ leading scorer, averaging 12.5 points per game as the 20th leading scorer in the OUA. The lack of individual scoring is a demonstration of the Rams’ balanced offence, which has been a key to the program’s strong start to the season.
Maddy Gojmerac looks for a pass with Bronwyn Williams on defence. Photo by Trung Ho.
Despite a lopsided end result, the game at the Meridian Centre continues to be a special experience for both sides.
For Clarke, although it was a point of emphasis to make sure that the experience was one that the athletes on the Rams would soak up as well, she recognized that organizing special games like this are important to building the league.
Cassidy Ryan drives to the basket. Photo by Trung Ho.
In a mid-season OUA East versus West showdown, the undefeated Ryerson Rams were put to their first test of the season as they closed off a four-game road trip in St. Catharines against the Brock Badgers on Saturday night.
J.V. Mukama had 21 points for Ryerson while Myles Charvis added 19 points and seven rebounds, as the Rams rallied in the second half from an 18-point deficit to improve to a 7-0 record this season.
Johneil Simpson recorded 19 points and seven rebounds for the Badgers, while Kascius Small-Martin, Tyler Brown and Cassidy Ryan all added 10 points apiece as part of the starting unit.
Coming into the game as league leaders in assists and 3-point percentage, Brock opened the game with long-range baskets on back-to-back possessions by Small-Martin and Simpson, who would later on combine for 18 of the Badger’s 27 first-quarter points.
The energy of the more than 3,000-plus fans at the Meridian Centre would give the Badgers the momentum they needed to close the quarter with a 16-point lead, including a 3-pointer at the buzzer by Brown that capped off an efficient 61.1 percent first-quarter shooting against the OUA’s leading defensive team.
Brock headed into the second-half with a convincing 38-22 lead, en route for what would seem like handing Ryerson their first loss of the season. The Rams opened the third quarter on a mini 9-4 run, but an unfavourable blocking foul called against Mukama seemed to have been a turning point.
Mukama reeled off six straight points with back-to-back 3-pointers of his own, cutting the lead to single digits with 3:50 left in the quarter. The Rams had an urgency come out of the half with much more aggressiveness, and three straight fast-break lay-ups narrowed Brock’s lead to 52-45 heading into the final frame.
The Rams continued their second half attack, while Simpson went cold, making only one of eight field goal attempts in the fourth-quarter. A jump shot by Ryan gave the Badgers a 62-56 lead with 5:16 left in the game, for what would become Brock’s last basket of the evening as the Rams moved ahead on a 15-0 run to complete a thrilling come-from-behind victory.
Article and photos by Trung Ho.

industry_corpus2: Sports


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Another defining characteristic of weddings at Campo is how entertaining and animated they are. Happiness permeates the atmosphere and spreads to every guest.
together with unrivalled bar service, makes every wedding a true party, with chill-out space available if wished, and with many other options to enrich the soirée.
and the guests enjoy them especially, with a carefully staged ambience in which nothing is left to chance.

industry_corpus2: Hospitality & Catering


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Search for Spoken English tutors in Jat Khore. We have a significant number of experienced teachers in Delhi, who can help you taking classes and lessons for Spoken English. Both one to one and small group tuition classes are available near your place or online. View the profiles of the teachers and trainers detailing their subject expertise, teaching styles, past experiences, past reviews, feedbacks, hourly rates and availability. Post your requirement for free and find an excellent tutor for Spoken English near Jat Khore.
Looking for Spoken English Tutor in Jat Khore?
Looking for Spoken English Tutors in Jat Khore?

industry_corpus2: Subject Education


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I thought you decided it wasn't the original engine based on mismatched VIN numbers or something... Maybe I'm remembering wrong.
The block number is the same between 68 Falcon's and Mustang's, they were made on the same assembly line, so you can't tell by stamp code. So it's technically a correct engine, however, the engine that is in my car had air conditioning. My car doesn't have air. I think the engine/trans was swapped whole at some point.

industry_corpus2: Automobiles


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Citizens! – Photo courtesy of Citizens!
If you ask the members of Citizens!, a London-based indie-pop band, currently at the peak of its hype, they would likely tell you that they did things a little bit backward.
“We kind of started the band just over a year ago, and I guess we did everything the wrong way around,” singer Tom Burke admitted.
More specifically, what he means is that instead of the typical album release followed by extensive touring, the group built up a name for itself with a couple of singles and little else, creating a demand in a sort of roundabout way.
The band’s debut single, “True Romance,” came out in December of last year, followed up by “Reptile” early this year. Meanwhile, the third single, “Caroline,” is due out in July, although the accompanying music video has already been circulating the Internet far and wide.
But first, the band (which also consists of members Mike, Lawrence, Martyn and Thom) will be releasing its debut full-length, “Here We Are,” on May 28. Recorded in Scotland in the latter half of 2011, the album was also produced by Alex Kapranos, who is best known as the singer of Scottish band Franz Ferdinand. Now, the five are on a tour of Europe for the months of May and June, in an effort to promote the release, which will be put out on label Kitsuné.
Interestingly enough, all five members of the band are in their 20s, and have grown up with the idea of albums as a collective entity. So with doing things differently, there is a question of whether or not there is some kind of pressure involved in releasing singles, with the expectations of both the band itself and the fan base to consider.
Yet Burke says the band doesn’t really think of things in those terms, instead focusing on writing songs that appeal to the members themselves, and hoping that the rest – meaning the interest of listeners – will naturally follow suit.
It’s no secret that the guys in Citizens! are keen on pop music, citing Michael Jackson and Kanye West high among their influences. And its exactly this kind of shameless attitude that makes the band so appealing, particularly to people who are sick of pretentious musicianship.
As for the songwriting itself, the group tends to steer clear of jamming, which Burke commented lends itself to uninteresting results.
“I think, like, you could write really boring music if you just jam all the time,” he explained.
And although the new album is yet to be released, naturally, the five are already talking about what will come next, something which Burke pointed out as sort of going against the singles-grain.
“That’s a place where albums are still influential,” he said, citing how successive albums can expand upon an established sound or introduce an entirely new one, in a way that singles don’t necessarily demonstrate.
But of course, there is a struggle to make certain that whatever the next step is, that it makes sense in the greater context of the whole band.
In terms of the next step, there is no consensus yet, even though the band is constantly writing new songs, in part because it sometimes takes awhile for all five to get on the same page.
Citizens! plays tonight at Frannz in Berlin. The show begins at 20.00.
This entry was posted in Interview and tagged British, Citizens!, Feature, Interview. Bookmark the permalink.

industry_corpus2: Film & Entertainment


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Cost To Install Wood Decking can vary greatly. Use this calculator to estimate the cost for your home in your zip code. Professionals. install a gas patio heater. install a halogen patio heater. install a hot tub. install a natural stone patio. install a patterned concrete patio.
The average cost of installing a natural stone patio is closer to $13.93 per square foot. This means that a 100sf natural stone patio would cost you between $2,348 and $4,938, on average. Of course, the actual amount that you pay will vary based on several factors including the quality of the work and the location of the project.
Things to Consider when Choosing Aluminum Decking. The price is the main consideration. Your upfront cost for aluminum is high, but since the deck rarely needs to be washed and never requires staining or sealing, your future costs are nearly zero for the life of the deck.

industry_corpus2: Real Estate & Construction


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FYI, we've found your go-to vegetarian winter soup. This earthy soup is warming, filling and loaded with flavour so it'll satisfy even sworn carnivores. Our Black Smoke spice blend lends this soup mellow heat and smoky flavours.
This rustic eggplant and chickpea stew is flavourful, nutritious and dead easy to make. Delicious with couscous, rice or on its own. Add Galilee Za'atar for earthy herbal notes that bring out the vegetables' natural flavours.
These lemony potatoes are loaded with flavour and gorgeous aromas of garlic, rosemary and lemon. Galilee Za'atar adds herbal, zingy notes. A family favourite that pairs well with all kinds of grilled chicken or roast lamb, beef or fish.
Bold, intense flavours. Great for breakfast, brunch or dinner. Our Fez spice blend is all you need to add an authentic North African touch to this glorious vegetarian dish.
This corn on the cob packs a punch and is so simple to make. Just brush with an incredible butter infused with Smoked Chilli Salt, herbs and lime and grill for 20 minutes. It's got smoky, outdoorsy flavours balanced by tangy lime. Delicious!


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"To work with nature, not against."
"Organic & biodynamic farming for living soils."
One day, during the 7th century, in the city of Rouen in Normandy, emerged from the Seine River "La Gargouille". Described as having a long, reptilian neck, La Gargouille began to spew water from its mouth about the country side. La Gargouille then created a great tidal wave, and whatever the waters did not kill, the dragon devoured for its meal.
Saint Romanus, the archbishop of Rouen at the time, decided to stop the dragon. As no brave man wished to accompany him, he took one condemned prisoners who “volunteered” to assist him.
Saint Romanus - and his volunteer - travelled to the lair of "La Gargouille" where the beast attacked them ferociously. Saint Romanus subdued the dragon with the symbol of the cross made with his fingers. At the sign, the dragon fell docile. Then, the archbishop and his volunteer bound the dragon by the neck. The people of Rouen condemn the dragon to die by fire and burn the creature, and they cast the immense pile of ash it left behind into the Seine River, from where the dragon first had come.
As the story tell us, things can change with calm and determination, that is the mission of Gargouille's growers to produce raw wines without any chemicals from vines to the bottle.
Gargouille Collection was founded in 2015 by Frédéric Brouca in order to market in Canada and the United States a handful of wines that are family made with a focused respect for terroir.
All of the producers in our portfolio practice organic and/or biodynamic farming. We believe how the land is farmed has a great impact on the resulting wine. Sound farming practices, temperate climates and a hands off approach in the winery are the basis for balanced, raw wines.
Gargouille wines display vibrancy and freshness with a sense of place. "Underground Culture" embodies organic & biodynamic farming, dry farming & native yeast.

industry_corpus2: Agriculture & Fisheries


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On Tuesday 19th March, Jo Elvin chatted with one of British TV’s most recognisable faces, broadcaster and presenter Anita Rani. The two talked diversity, social barriers and women in the workplace.
Speaking at Advertising Week Europe, Jo quizzed Anita on her journey to becoming an award-winning broadcaster in today’s media industry.
Speaking candidly about her journey, Anita detailed the social barriers she’s faced working as a woman in media and the different levels of diversity and inclusiveness she’s encountered.
Now into its seventh edition, Advertising Week Europe features unique media, marketing, technology and creative perspectives discussing key business trends and issues, that shape today’s global industry.
Metro gets the red nose treatment for Comic Relief!


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Why an organic baby carrier?
Choosing an organic baby carrier makes for a more costly baby carrier investment over one made with regular fabric - but many moms and dads believe this is a healthy option that is well worth it.
In making this decision for your baby you might be wondering - why the hype over organic? Are the benefits really more than marginal?
Yes, there are health benefits for your child as well as reducing the carbon footprint on the environment.
Your baby's skin is thinner and more delicate than your skin and is more porous which makes it more susceptible to chemicals than an adults skin.
Organic fabrics are farmed without the use of pesticides, herbicides, and artificial fertilizers which makes them healthier for your baby's skin. Also, because they are toxin-free they are nice and soft to touch.
What about the environment? The cotton growing industry uses more pesticides than any other crop in the world. It is responsible for 16 percent of the global insecticide market and makes billions for the pesticide industry. However, most of these pesticides are highly toxic and at least half are listed by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as hazardous.
Using fabric that is organic is is definitely a good way to help protect the environment.
Choosing the right baby carrier for you and your baby is an undertaking. If you are an advocate of organic this is an extra factor in making your selection.
An organic carrier for baby contributes to helping keep everyone healthy, your sweet baby and the planet - this is definitely worth serious consideration.


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This beachfront 2 Bedroom condominium is located in one of the premier developments on Rawai Beach. Comes with Seaview.
Also, the beauty, luxury, and durability of this condo is immediately apparently from its genuine teak wooden flooring. Designed with absolute care and attention to detail! Also, only the highest quality materials have been selected throughout, and every square metre of useful space is utilised to the fullest.
Furthermore, the large common area has 3 swimming pools. Also, there are 2 saunas, and a fitness room. Moreover, it is surrounded by tropical jungle.
Also, within walking distance of shops, bars, and international and Thai restaurants. However, you are nevertheless ensured of complete peace and tranquility.
ADDITIONAL UNITS AVAILABLE FOR RENT. PLEASE CONTACT THAI RESIDENTIAL FOR DETAILS.


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As a participant in this boardroom session, you will study real life examples and will be able to discuss your own experiences and projects in a small group setting. The learning material will be supplemented with various instructional videos customized to the needs of the small group.
Learn about the control of heat loss, air leakage, and moisture movement in buildings and learn how to avoid common defects in construction. You will be introduced to construction technology, building science theory and practice. The course will use the Canadian Homebuilder Association Builders’ Manual as a textbook.
NOTE: This is a private session offering of this course. Space is limited to 8 people!
Michael is a professional engineer who has consulted on projects and publications across North America relating to housing, energy efficiency and sustainability. His studies have supported the development of the Energy Star for New Homes program in Ontario, the EnerGuide Rating System, and the new R-2000 Program. At various times benchmarked the energy efficiency performance and greenhouse gas emissions of new and existing housing in Ontario. He taught sustainable housing in the Architecture Program at Ryerson University for 12 years while for the last 15 years he has taught building science and building technology and ecology at the Daniels Faculty of Architecture at the University of Toronto.
Great course that provides a lot of useful information & discussion. Wish to learn from Michael again on some other courses.
Excellent Course! Would love to participate all Tarion Courses through Michael!
There was a lot of good information that I learnt and I think will be helpful to me in my future.
The course used a lot of good examples that were seen in the past and did not just use theoretical examples which was helpful and makes me as a student feel like this information is very useful.
Great material covered on all elements of heat-loss, air barrier, and moisture. Enjoyed the setting with other professionals in the room, lots of discussion.


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We provide comprehensive services in preparing a delegation to participate in congresses and exhibitions.
On the special request of our customers, we organise congresses and conferences. We possess extensive experience in this respect and have verified locations and suppliers in Poland and around the world at our disposal.
Our tasks also include: registering for the congress, collection of teaching materials, assistance during the congress, organisation of the reception, hotel booking, organisation of transport and accompanying programmes and collection of fees. We also offer services with respect to communication with delegates before and after the congress: invitations and post-congress materials.
Specialized team for congresses and trade fairs fully takes over the organization and provides efficient logistics of the event.


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If you’re looking for something a bit different to read this week, I highly recommend “Before Peace,” an entry in the HP Friendship Fest. As soon as the Fest folk have done the “reveal,” I’ll add a note to this post with the author’s name.
“Before Peace” is a beautifully written, thoughtful piece. In a way, it’s a character study, and as such, it shows us characters who are in an extreme environment and who show their true mettle. It’s a very Ravenclaw fic, focussed on Ravenclaw characters, clever, thoughtful, and thought-provoking. I am really looking forward to learning who the author is.
Summary: “In this century…the poet is often the committed revolutionary intoxicated with the struggle for freedom.” A ghazal, and a story, from deep within the halls of Hogwarts.
*Note: the canon violence is oblique rather than explicit.
I will likely rec a few other fics from the Friendship Fest eventually, but I wanted to be sure to rec this one while it was fresh and before I could forget.
This entry was posted in Harry Potter Fanfiction, Other Harry Potter Fanfics and tagged fanfic links, fanfic recommendations. Bookmark the permalink.

industry_corpus2: Literature & Emotions


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Thanks Andreas! I actually had no idea they were a Scieno-Front, must've missed that page here on xenu.net. Never had anything at all to do with U-Man, but I remember the name from here and there.
It's also interesting to note that according to their website their norwegian branch is located at Stortorvet 3, which is just a few meters from the Oslo Org located at Karl Johans Gate 12.

industry_corpus2: Others


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The railway world is a fast-moving environment. To bring you the latest improvements and fixes as quick as possible, Captain Train’s web-app is often updated, sometimes several times per day.
Did you always wonder how we manage building and deploying all of this without a jolt? Then read-on: here is a technical peek into our engineering process.
We used to build our web-app using Jenkins. A robust and proven solution—which was polling our repositories every minute, and built the appropriate integration and production branches.
However we recently switched to a new system for building our web-app. To host our source-code and perform merge-requests, we’re using a self-hosted instance of GitLab. It’s nice, open-source—and features an integrated build system: GitLab-CI.
See it like Travis, but integrated: just add a custom .gitlab-ci.yml file at the root of your repository, and GitLab will automatically start building your app in the way you specified.
Now what’s cool about this?
Jenkins builds were all executed on a resource-constrained server—and this made builds slow and unreliable. For instance, we observed several times PhantomJS crashing randomly during tests: apparently it didn’t like several builds running on the same machine at the same time—and a single PhantomJS process crashing would bring all of the others down.
Every build is isolated from the others, and processes don’t crash each other randomly.
Building the same project on different architectures is easy, and that’s good news, because we need this to support multiple Debian versions.
Project maintainers have greater control on the setup of their build environment: no need to bother an admin when upgrading an SDK on the shared build machine.
GitLab-CI allows us to add more runners very easily. And now that builds are performed in Docker containers, we don’t have to configure the runners specifically with our build tools: any out-of-the-box server will do.
Once a new runner is declared, scaling is automatic: the most available runner will be picked to start every new build. It’s so simple that you can even add your own machine to build locally.
We’ve already reduced our build time by switching to a more powerful runner—a migration that would have been more difficult to do using Jenkins. Although we regularly optimize the run time of our test suite, sometimes you also need to just throw more CPU at it.
With Jenkins, the configuration of the build job is stored in an external admin-restricted tool. You need the right credentials to edit the build configuration, and it’s not obvious how to do it.
Using GitLab-CI, the build jobs are determined solely from the .gitlab-ci.yml file in the repository. This makes it really simple to edit, and you get all the niceties of your usual git work-flow: versioning, merge requests, and so on. You don’t need to ask permission to add CI to your project. Lowering the barrier to entry for CI is definitely a good thing for engineering quality and developer happiness.
GitLab-CI makes it really easy to build and test the branch of a merge request (or a “Pull request” in GitHub slang). Just a few lines added to our .gitlab-ci.yml file, and we were running tests for every push to a merge request.
Still testing—but just hit the button and move on.
We get nice red-or-green-status, the quite useful “Merge automatically when the build succeeds” button—and, as branches are now tested before being merged, much less build breakage.
GitLab-CI provides “Pipelines”, an overview of all your build jobs. This points you quickly to a failing build, and the stage where the problem occurs. Plus it gets you this warm and fuzzy feeling of safeness when everything is green.
All Pipelines are green, ready to deploy.
Our Android team also migrated their pipeline, and are now building the integration and production Android APK with GitLab-CI.
For further reading, you can find on the official website a nice overview of GitLab-CI features, and some examples of gitlab-ci.yml files.
We’re about to update the “slick UI” yet again with many improvements for Pipelines. Also, try out “manual actions” to trigger manual deploys after you’ve QA’d your green pipeline.
Thank you for sharing this 🙂 I’m not sure we’re going to move away from Github just yet, but certainly cool to learn how you do things.
I am new in GitLab CI and wondering what few lines you added to yml to Tests on merge requests?
It would be nice if you please share.
Just out of curiosity, what does “…which was polling our repositories every minute, and built the appropriate integration and production branches.” mean? As far as I know Jenkins itself provides the Push feature for building either PR/Branches/Tags and so on. Is that one downside of using Jenkins ? and the main reason to move to GitLabCI?
Great article, and thanks for writing down al those details!

industry_corpus2: Computing & Telecommunications


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I can't tell you how long I've been waiting to see these on sale, but it finally happened!
SoftMoc has both pairs of Crocs Funlab PAW Patrol Clogs for $5 off – which makes them $34.99 each, down from $39.99!
There are two different colour clogs to choose from. The Vibrant Pink PAW Patrol Clogs feature Skye, Marshall and Everest, and the Blue Jean ones have almost all the pups!
Both pairs are still available in sizes 6 Toddler, 10 Toddler, 11 Little Kid and 12 Little Kid.
What's really crazy is that these clogs are still full-price (so $44.99 each) and excluded from all promotions at Crocs Canada – so if your kiddo's size is in stock at Soft Moc, I'd grab a pair before they're gone! Besides, most Soft Moc orders ship free!


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According to the arrest report, the accident occurred at 2:30 a.m. on Northwest 70 Avenue, just five minutes away from Garcia’s Tamarac home. The Coral Glades High School graduate was driving south on Northwest 70 Avenue in his Honda Civic after spending the night with his friends when Acevedo, who was traveling west, purportedly ran a red light and crashed into Garcia’s driver side door.
Garcia suffered extensive injuries and was flown to Broward Health Medical Center for treatment, but he was pronounced dead on arrival. Investigators say Acevedo refused treatment on the scene. The complaint affidavit filed by a Broward sheriff’s deputy who was first on the scene describes Acevedo as glassy eyed with slurred speech, a slight sway in his movement, and a strong odor of alcohol on his breath.
Acevedo reportedly appeared to be heavily intoxicated and a test performed shortly after the collision allegedly revealed that his blood-alcohol level was as high as 0.18. That is more than twice the 0.08 legal limit in Florida.
U.S. Army spokesman Harvey Spigler told news sources that Acevedo is a war veteran who was assigned work as a U.S. Army recruiter in Margate after serving in Afghanistan and Iraq. He has been transferred to a desk job in Fort Lauderdale pending the outcome of his case.

industry_corpus2: Law & Justice


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NCAER Team presented the Quarterly Review of the Economy at a seminar held at its Conference Room. The review covers the performance of the Economy in the 2015-16 and forecast for the year head.
NCAER’s annual model for GDP Market prices at 2011–12 prices estimates GDP growth rate of 7.6% for 2015 – 2016 and forecasts it at 7.7% for 2016–17. Growth in exports and imports, year-on-year, is projected at (-) 1.6% and (-) 0.6% respectively for 2016-17. Inflation (WPI) is projected at 0.9% for 2016-17. Current Account Balance as a percentage of GDP is projected at (-) 1.0% and Fiscal Deficit (centre) as a percentage of GDP at 3.5% for 2016-17.
The agriculture sector has witnessed feeble growth on account of drought for two successive years. The average rate of growth in the agricultural and allied sectors’ GDP for 2014-15 and 2015-16 has been a low 0.5%. Two consecutive years of sub-par monsoon have had a significant impact on the output of both food as well as non-food crops. IMD has predicted monsoon for 2016-17 at 106% of the Long Period Average (LPA) with a model error of ± 5%, which may have a positive impact on agriculture and thereby the economy.
In the industrial sector, the manufacturing sector after showing robust growth in the second quarter, has slowed down consistently in the third and fourth quarter. The Index of Industrial Production (IIP) recorded a 2.4% year-on-year (y-o-y) increase in the period in 2015-16 versus 2.8% in 2014-15. In the fourth quarter IIP Manufacturing was in recession (-1.1%) and the overall IIP barely grew by 0.2% on a y-o-y basis. In the fourth quarter, Capital goods grew by -15.4% and consumer non-durables by -3.9% on a y-o-y basis. The IIP Electricity sector continues to show buoyant growth since December 2015 and in March 2016, grew by 11.3% on a y-o-y basis. The IIP Mining also slowed down in March but for the overall year, it showed higher growth of 2.2% in 2015-16 versus 1.4%in 2014-15.
Leading indicators from the services sector in 2015-16:Q4 give mixed signals. Tourist arrivals grew at 10% on a y-o-y basis. Cargo traffic at major ports grew at 7.6% on a y-o-y basis in the fourth quarter of the last fiscal. Revenue earning goods traffic by railways contracted in the fourth quarter as well. Bank credit to the commercial sector showed a continuous increase in y-o-y growth rates from 8.8% 2015-16:Q1 to 11.2% in the fourth quarter. Domestic passenger air traffic shows robust growth in 2015-16(21.2%) versus 2014-15(13.8%). Both services receipts (-12.6%) and payments (-9.9%), published by the RBI, showed a continuous decline for the fourth consecutive month in February 2016.
In the external sector, merchandise imports declined by 15.3 per cent to US$ 379.6 billion on account of a 40.2% fall in the value of oil imports. Non-oil imports too fell by 4.1%, as a result of which the thereby trade deficit narrowed down to US$ 118.5 billion, a decrease of 14% over the previous year, of 2014-15. Growth in exports has been consistently negative ever since December 2014.
The BSE Sensex fell by 2% in 2015-16 over 2014-15 and rupee-dollar exchange rate depreciated by 7% in 2015-16. The Reserve Bank of India launched a plethora of measures to boost liquidity, in addition to cutting the policy rate by 25 basis points, to a five year low of 6.5 per cent. The liquidity measures are aimed at inducing more effective monetary policy transmission and further reduction of bank lending rates.
Retail inflation, measured by the consumer Price Index (CPI) fell to a six month low of 4.83% in March, 2016. Retail food inflation fell from 5.30% to 5.21%.The combination of lower oil prices and a good monsoon is expected to rein in inflation.
On the fiscal front, the Budget of 2016–17 aims to achieve the deficit target of 3.5 per cent of GDP, in line with the predictions of the NCAER model.
The Quarterly Review has been designed to meet the needs of policy makers, corporates and others interested in tracking the latest developments in the Indian economy. It provides an analysis of current policies and tracks developments in both the domestic as well as the global economies. The growth forecasts of NCAER are objective and are widely quoted and referred to in both the Indian as well as the international media. An integral part of the Quarterly Review is the State of Economy Seminars, organised quarterly at NCAER, which bring together policy makers, industry leaders and researchers at one forum.


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Our services are tailored to insure minimal down-time for our customers. We understand that time lost is money lost. We are a full service hydraulic repair facility with turn-key capabilities for complete hydraulic & pneumatic cylinder, pump, motor and valve repair.
Every cylinder that we repair is tested with hydraulic pressure to insure reliability that has been proven. Many hydraulic repair facilities use only air pressure (125 psi) to test the cylinders that they repair.
We stock a large variety of chrome rod and barrel material to insure a quick turn-around on major cylinder repairs. We also have a large stock of hydraulic seals, o-rings, fittings, and filters.

industry_corpus2: Petrochemicals


text:
Liza Reeves has been associated with the catering and hospitality industry for three decades. The early days were filled with London based company lunches and events, progressing to Head Chef at a beautiful Forest lodge in South Africa. A brief stint in a Botswanan safari camp followed and then back to London to concentrate on management of events.
A three year position as General Manager of a boutique hotel in London set her up for the running of her business and Fabulous Food was created on her move from London to Hampshire in 2007.
Weddings have predominately been the core business working from the beautiful Farbridge barns in West Sussex and many private marquee events. Liza is to be found in the kitchen at all the events overseeing the production and service of the food and leaving the organisation on the day to her experienced and wonderfully organised front of house team.


text:
In addition to its impeccable service, the Saint-James is known for its prime location in the heart of Montreal: the downtown area and the Old Port are both easily accessible on foot.
If you enjoy fine dining, Hotel Le St-James invites you for a delicious gourmet experience at its in-house restaurant. Once you have tasted the breakfast, you will want to make a reservation for dinner!
If you have time, our guests recommend a visit to the hotel spa for a moment of pure pleasure and relaxation!
Hotel Le Saint-James houses a gourmet restaurant, XO Le Restaurant, which serves innovative seasonal fare. The hotel also offers a wide selection of wines and brunch on weekends.


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Hello, welcome to the second module of our introductory course on Subatomic Physics.
During this module, we'll deal with nuclear physics and its applications.
we will visit the Tokamak of the Swiss Institute of Technology in Lausanne.
And the Beznau Nuclear Power Plant which is the oldest one still in operation.
if your main interest is nuclear physics, you will be well-served.
just take your time to digest the contents without pressure.
In this first video, we will review what is known about the mass of nuclei.
The goals for you are the following.
To know the nomenclature of atomic nuclei and their periodic system.
And to be able to qualitatively describe the mass and binding energy of nuclei.
which is four orders of magnitude smaller than the size of the atom.
interactions between the project and the target.
Scattering experiments can also yield information about nuclear properties.
that holds together protons and neutrons inside the nucleus.
the first module and more extensively discussed in module number five.
The strong force binds together quarks inside hadrons by gluon exchange.
It does not permit quarks to leave the hadrons.
nucleons in particular, do not carry a net color charge.
Thus gluons cannot bind protons and neutrons to form a nucleus.
one side, to nuclei, and the nuclear force on the other side.
The electromagnetic force is responsible for holding atoms together.
rather easy to extrapolate to quantum distances.
quantitatively explains many phenomena of condensed matter physics.
the electromagnetic coupling constant, is a small number.
Alpha is about 1/137, which makes perturbative calculations feasible.
since it wins over the Coulomb repulsion between tightly-packed protons.
since it doesn't make itself felt outside the nuclear volume.
It has no classical analog.
Only experimental results can help to understand its properties.
of the nucleus and of the nuclear force.
We will come back to the relation between experiments and models as we go along.
Let us first summarize how we identify and denote nuclei.
which is equal to the atomic number in the periodic table.
Itis given by the number of protons in the nucleus.
it is also called the mass number.
The name we give them identifies Z and usually is supplemented by A.
that means a nucleus with Z=6 and A=14.
the atomic number, and is denoted by N.
The periodic table is thus organized according to Z.
with a different number of neutrons, are called isotopes.
not necessarily similar nuclear properties.
but a different number of neutrons and thus different stability properties.
tritium which all have one proton and zero, one, or two neutrons.
keeping the number of protons and neutrons constant.
These are called resonances or isomers.
the different number of protons are called isobars.
They have roughly the same nuclear mass.
Examples are carbon 12 and boron 12, with both have 12 nucleons.
the masses of protons and neutrons they contain.
of course, diminished by the binding energy between the nucleons.
that the nucleus is in a bound state.
We call it the binding energy.
It has been measured for practically all nuclei.
the nucleus into separate nucleons.
is the energy required to separate the average nucleon from its nucleus.
It is much smaller than the mass of a nucleon p and n.
The mass of the nucleus is thus indeed dominated by the mass of its constituents.
For the nucleons themselves the situation is very different.
It is their binding energy which dominates the nucleon mass.
on the mass number A one notices the following.
∆M/A oscillates but rises rapidly with increasing A.
For A between 20 and 60, ∆M/A saturates.
For A about 60, it has a broad maximum.
cobalt with about 9 MeV per nucleon of binding energy.
And then for A larger than 60, the binding energy per nucleon decreases slowly.
The general mean is about 8 MeV per nucleon.
The kinetic energy of nucleons inside the nucleus must thus be relatively small.
Otherwise, they would not stay bound.
The velocities of bound nucleons are thus non-relativistic.
The binding energy corresponds indeed to a wavelength of nucleons inside the nucleus.
This wavelength is less than two Fermi of the order of the nucleus' size itself.
energy of about 8 MeV.
Or a maximum momentum of about 120 Me.
2.5 x 10^-12 centimeters, much bigger than the nucleus size.
The nucleus can thus not contain bound electrons.
They need a much larger volume to be contained.
that we have discussed in the previous module.
In the next video, we will talk about the size and the spin of nuclei.

industry_corpus2: Technology & Research


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The Lower Jurassic Toarcian Stage (c. 183–174 Ma) is marked by one of the largest global exogenic carbon-cycle perturbations of the Phanerozoic, which is associated with the early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE; c. 183 Ma). Climatic and environmental change at the T-OAE is reasonably well constrained in the marine realm, with marine anoxic or euxinic conditions developing locally across both hemispheres, at the same time as the T-OAE negative carbon-isotope excursion. However, high-resolution stratigraphic comparison between different palaeo-ocean basins and with the continental realm can be complicated. Palaeomagnetic reversals can provide a precise and accurate stratigraphic correlation tool between marine and continental sedimentary archives, and even between sedimentary and igneous successions. Here, we present a high-resolution magnetostratigraphic record for the Toarcian Stage in the biostratigraphically complete and expanded Llanbedr (Mochras Farm) Borehole, Cardigan Bay Basin, Wales. This study provides the first geomagnetic polarity reversal scale that is integrated with high-resolution biostratigraphy and carbon-isotope stratigraphy for the entire Toarcian Stage. This stratigraphic framework also provides a new, precise correlation with the basalt lava sequence of the Karoo–Ferrar Large Igneous Province, linking the Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary and T-OAE climatic and environmental perturbations directly to this episode of major volcanic activity.
The Toarcian, the final stage of the Early Jurassic, has an estimated duration of 8.3–8.6 myr (2014 Geological Time Scale; Boulila et al. 2014), with the Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary dated at c. 183.6 Ma (Pálfy & Smith 2000). The early Toarcian was marked by the widespread development of anoxic or euxinic conditions that led to substantial organic-carbon burial, an event termed the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE). This palaeoceanographic phenomenon is recognized as one of the most intense and geographically extensive events of oceanic redox change and accompanying organic-carbon burial in the Mesozoic (Jenkyns 1985, 1988, 2010). The T-OAE is marked by major changes in global geochemical cycles (e.g. Os, S, Sr), with an apparently rapid c. 7‰ negative shift in marine and terrestrial organic-carbon isotope records and a smaller (3–6‰) negative excursion in carbonate and compound-specific archives (Hesselbo et al. 2000, 2007; Sælen et al. 2000; Schouten et al. 2000; Jenkyns et al. 2002; Cohen et al. 2004; Kemp et al. 2005; Hermoso et al. 2009; Al-Suwaidi et al. 2010, 2016; Gill et al. 2011; Newton et al. 2011; French et al. 2014; Suan et al. 2015; McArthur et al. 2016; Percival et al. 2016; Xu et al. 2017, 2018).
The observed early Toarcian perturbation to the exogenic carbon cycle has been linked to volcanic activity associated with the Karoo–Ferrar Large Igneous Province and associated release of volcanogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), thermogenic methane (CH4) and CO2 from sill intrusion into Gondwanan coals and shales, and biogenic methane from dissociation of sub-seafloor clathrates (Duncan et al. 1997; Hesselbo et al. 2000; Kemp et al. 2005; McElwain et al. 2005; Svensen et al. 2007; Percival et al. 2015). The Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary was also marked by global carbon-cycle change, with a c. 2–3‰ negative carbon-isotope excursion (CIE) in marine carbonate, organic matter and fossil wood (Hesselbo et al. 2007; Littler et al. 2010; Bodin et al. 2016; Percival et al. 2016). An elevated atmospheric pCO2-induced global temperature increase in the ocean–atmosphere system is credited with causing disruption of marine ecosystems as well as enhanced hydrological cycling and continental weathering on land (Cohen et al. 2004; Danise et al. 2013, 2015; Ullmann et al. 2014; Korte et al. 2015; Percival et al. 2016; Rita et al. 2016; Martindale & Aberhan 2017).
Stratigraphic studies of the Toarcian have primarily focused on the lower part of the stage, specifically on the T-OAE interval, utilizing bio- and chemostratigraphy. Magnetostratigraphic study of the Toarcian Stage has been confined to only a few localities. These include the Breggia Gorge in southern Switzerland (Horner & Heller 1983), Thouars and Airvault in France (Galbrun et al. 1988), the Iberian Range and Iznalloz in Spain (Galbrun et al. 1990; Osete et al. 2007; Comas-Rengifo et al. 2010), and the Neuquén Basin in Argentina (Iglesia Llanos & Riccardi 2000). Additionally, an extended magnetostratigraphic record, spanning the Pliensbachian to earliest Cretaceous interval, was obtained from the Northern Apennines in Italy (Satolli et al. 2015), but ammonite biostratigraphy is relatively poorly constrained in this succession. Palaeomagnetic data from the lower and middle Toarcian in the Iberian Range were subsequently synthesized (Osete et al. 2007; Comas-Rengifo et al. 2010) and adopted for the Geological Time Scale 2012 (GTS2012; Ogg & Hinnov 2012).
Few existing magnetostratigraphic records cover the upper Toarcian. Furthermore, sampling resolution in this interval is commonly relatively low, affected by hiatuses, or the ammonite biostratigraphy is not well defined. The use of magnetostratigraphy for Toarcian stratigraphic correlation has also been relatively restricted because no published record integrates magnetostratigraphy with both (ammonite) biostratigraphy and carbon-isotope chemostratigraphy for the entire Stage. Arguably, the best example of an integrated Toarcian stratigraphy is a high-resolution magnetostratigraphy combined with carbon-, oxygen- and strontium-isotope data in the biostratigraphically well-constrained Almonacid De La Cuba Section in NE Spain (Comas-Rengifo et al. 2010; da Rocha et al. 2016), but these investigations were confined to the Pliensbachian–Toarcian transition. An integrated stratigraphy for the T-OAE interval, using the aforementioned proxies, has not hitherto been presented.
The Llanbedr (Mochras Farm) Borehole, hereafter referred to as Mochras, drilled in the Cardigan Bay Basin, west Wales, UK, recovered a Lower Jurassic succession that combines unusual thickness with relative biostratigraphic completeness (Woodland 1971; Dobson & Whittington 1987; Hesselbo et al. 2013; Copestake & Johnson 2014; Ruhl et al. 2016). The c. 260 m thick Toarcian succession is much thicker than in other coeval European core and outcrop successions, and is generally characterized by periodic alternations between limestone and (marly) mudstone (Hesselbo et al. 2013; Ruhl et al. 2016; Xu et al. 2018). The Toarcian interval of the Mochras core comprises eight ammonite zones and nine ammonite subzones (Page 2003; Copestake & Johnson 2014); the aalensis Zone at the top of the Toarcian is probably truncated in the Mochras core (Ivimey-Cook 1971). The ammonite zones and subzones are referred to as zones and subzones hereafter, and are named by a typifying species name (e.g. the tenuicostatum Zone). Furthermore, five foraminiferal zones are also resolved (Copestake & Johnson 2014).
Carbon-isotope analyses of bulk organic matter show an overall positive excursion of 3–4‰ in δ13CTOC, relative to upper Pliensbachian and upper Toarcian values of −27 to −28‰, which spans the Upper Pliensbachian upper spinatum Zone to Toarcian middle bifrons Zone (Jenkyns & Clayton 1997; Jenkyns et al. 2001; Katz et al. 2005; van de Schootbrugge et al. 2005; Xu et al. 2018). This early Toarcian long-term positive trend in δ13CTOC, presumably linked to the globally significant burial of isotopically depleted organic carbon, is interrupted by the major negative CIE in marine and terrestrial organic matter and marine calcite that typically marks the main phase of the T-OAE. The negative CIE in the Mochras core is recorded as a distinct >7‰ and c. 6.5‰ negative shift in bulk δ13CTOC and δ13CCARB, respectively (Jenkyns & Clayton 1997; Jenkyns 2003; van de Schootbrugge et al. 2005; Xu et al. 2018). A pilot study on the Mochras core proved the feasibility of a magnetic-polarity study on this expanded and bio- and chemostratigraphically well-constrained sedimentary archive (Hesselbo et al. 2013). Here, we present the first high-resolution magnetostratigraphic record for the complete Toarcian Stage and use it to construct an integrated Toarcian stratigraphic framework. The integrated stratigraphic data presented here provide a reference framework for correlation between Toarcian marine and continental sedimentary basins worldwide. This study also allows stratigraphic correlation between the T-OAE and associated climatic and environmental change, and volcanic activity in the Karoo–Ferrar Large Igneous Province.
The sediments recorded in the Toarcian strata of the Mochras core were deposited at a palaeo-latitude of c. 35–40°N, at the southern end of the transcontinental seaway and at the northwestern end of the Tethys Ocean (Fig. 1; Torsvik et al. 2012; Hesselbo et al. 2013; Müller et al. 2016). The Cardigan Bay Basin Jurassic strata are downthrown against the Lower Palaeozoic Welsh Massif along a major normal fault system, comprising the Mochras, Tonfanau and Bala faults at the eastern and southeastern margins of the basin (Tappin et al. 1994). The Mochras Borehole was drilled onshore by the British Geological Survey (BGS) and UCW Aberystwyth (now Aberystwyth University) from 1967 to 1969, on the coast of Cardigan Bay, in NW Wales (Woodland 1971; Dobson & Whittington 1987; Hesselbo et al. 2013; Copestake & Johnson 2014). The core penetrates the entire Lower Jurassic in the Cardigan Bay Basin (with only the aalensis Zone at the top of the Toarcian probably truncated in the Mochras core), which is underlain by Triassic and overlain, unconformably, by Cenozoic and Quaternary successions. The Lower Jurassic in this borehole has a remarkable thickness of c. 1300 m, much greater than coeval onshore sections in other parts of the UK and continental Europe (see fig. 2 of Ruhl et al. 2016), recording a sustained high sedimentation rate. The relatively homogeneous lithology dominated by argillaceous sediments with alternating muddy limestones, marls and mudstones indicates a relatively open- and deep-marine (hemipelagic) setting (Sellwood & Jenkyns 1975).
Geographical maps. (a) Early Jurassic global palaeogeography, modified after Dera et al. (2011), Korte et al. (2015) and Ruhl et al. (2016). (b) Detail of the area within the red square in (a). The red star indicates the palaeogeographical position of the Mochras Borehole.
Lithologically, the Toarcian in the Mochras core is dominated by metre-scale carbonate-rich mudstone to carbonate-poor mudstone alternations. The falciferum Zone in the succession is generally carbonate-poor and is marked by several distinct, small-scale (100–101 cm) intervals of coarser grained deposits that are rich in macroscopic wood fragments and sedimentary structures such as wave ripples and soft-sediment deformation (Xu et al. 2018). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses on the Toarcian strata in the Mochras core reveal abundant quartz, calcite, chamosite, illite and mica, and illite-rich illite–smectite minerals, together with small amounts of kaolinite, K-feldspar, plagioclase, Fe-dolomite, siderite and pyrite (Xu et al. 2018).
The Mochras slabbed core (in 1 m core-lengths) is stored in boxes at the British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, UK, at normal atmospheric conditions. The Toarcian Stage in the Mochras borehole occurs over the depths of 863.50–601.83 m. The core was drilled vertically, with the bedding dipping gently (of the order of 10°) to the east (Tappin et al. 1994; Hesselbo et al. 2013; see also the Supplementary Material). The core slabs of the Toarcian are reasonably well preserved (c. 96% are present in the archive half of the section), especially in comparison with the Hettangian and Sinemurian intervals, for which material is only patchily available (Hesselbo et al. 2013; Ruhl et al. 2016; Xu et al. 2018). Core samples are not affected by drilling-induced formation of biscuits (see Pearson & Thomas 2015). The diameter of the whole Mochras core ranges from 10 to 15 cm (Woodland 1971). The surface of the Toarcian core slab is c. 10 cm wide. Samples for magnetic-polarity analysis were selected at 2–5 m resolution, spanning the entire Toarcian interval (except that the aalensis Zone is partially truncated owing to unconformity) in the Mochras Borehole, from 601.83 to 863.5 m below surface (mbs). In total, 148 cubes (each 2.3 cm × 2.3 cm × 2.3 cm; ∼12 cm3) were prepared from the core sections, composed predominantly of mudstones with varying concentrations of calcium carbonate.
Measurements of the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) were made using a three-axis 2G cryogenic magnetometer, housed in a magnetically shielded room at the University of Oxford palaeomagnetic laboratory. Specimens were stepwise demagnetized using progressive alternating field (AF) techniques through at least 12 steps (up to a maximum of 100 mT), until they became unstable. The AF technique was used so as to retain the material for geochemical and biostratigraphical analyses that require unaltered samples. Demagnetization results were plotted on orthogonal and stereographic projections; characteristic remanence components were identified using least-squares algorithms (e.g. Kirschvink 1980). Components were considered stable where they were defined by at least three consecutive points on orthogonal projections and had a maximum angular deviation not exceeding 20°.
The NRM intensities of the measured samples ranged from 0.06 to 1.6 mA m−1, with a mean of 0.26 mA m−1. During progressive AF demagnetization three classes of behaviour were identified: Class A, samples for which demagnetization trajectories tended towards the origin, and lines could be fitted to the demagnetization trajectories (65 samples); Class B, samples for which the polarity could be determined, but with very poor line-fits and maximum angular deviation of >30°, so that no inclination was computed (45 samples; NRM intensities were generally very low); Class C, samples that demonstrated unstable behaviour during demagnetization, or where the NRM intensities were too low to provide meaningful demagnetization data (38 samples). Examples of Class A and B behaviour are given in Figure 2. The magnetostratigraphy constructed here is primarily based on data from Class A samples, but the polarities of Class B samples were used as supporting evidence. Because the original Mochras core is azimuthally un-oriented, ‘inclination-only’ statistics (McFadden & Reid 1982) were conducted on the dataset presented herein. Of the 65 samples with Class A behaviour, 36 yield downward-pointing inclinations, which are interpreted as normal polarity given the northern hemisphere location of the sampling site during the Toarcian. These samples yield a mean inclination of +37.0° (α95 = 7.4°; k = 8.48). The remaining 29 samples yield negative inclinations, which are interpreted as reversed polarity, with a mean inclination of −37.7° (α95 = 5.3°; k = 18.17). Normal- and reverse-polarity data thus yield inclinations that are almost identical, and constitute a positive ‘inclination-only’ reversal test. When both polarities are combined we obtain an overall mean inclination of +37.3 (α95 = 5.1°; k = 11.16), suggesting a palaeo-latitude of 21°N. The inclination obtained here is considerably shallower than the expected inclinations of c. +54–59° for Mochras at c. 183 Ma (based on reference palaeo-latitudes of c. 35–40°N; Torsvik et al. 2012; Müller et al. 2016).
Orthogonal vector diagrams illustrating the alternating field (AF) demagnetization of eight typical Class A samples from the Toarcian of the Mochras core between 611.43 and 863.19 m (a–h) in stratigraphic order. Samples a, d, e, g and h are normal polarity (N), and samples b, c and f are reversed polarity (R). The closed and open symbols are projections onto horizontal and vertical planes, respectively.
The location of the Mochras Borehole has probably not been at palaeo-latitudes south of 35°N since the Toarcian, so it is highly improbable that a multi-polarity remagnetization post-dating deposition of the Mochras succession has overprinted the original signal. Instead, the original remanence has probably undergone inclination shallowing owing to compaction of the mudstone, a well-documented phenomenon in sedimentary rocks (Kodama 2012, and references therein). Correction for this inclination shallowing with a flattening factor (f) of 0.6, which is often taken as a standard value, corrects the apparent palaeo-latitude from 21°N to a ‘true’ palaeo-latitude of 33°N (Kodama 2012). An alternative f value of 0.5 corrects the apparent palaeo-latitude from 21°N to 38°N, which is within error of the previously reconstructed palaeo-latitudes for this site. Additionally, this inclination shallowing provides a constraint on the age of magnetization as pre-compaction. Hence, the observed inclination shallowing, together with a positive inclination-only reversal test, supports interpretation of the Mochras core palaeomagnetic records as a primary Early Jurassic remanence.
A magnetic-polarity column for the entire Toarcian Stage (albeit only partly covering the aalensis Zone, which is probably truncated at the top in the Mochras core) has been constructed (Fig. 3). Identified magnetic polarity in more than one consecutive sample (with at least one Class A sample) is marked by a full-width bar, whereas polarity identified by only one sample (one Class A sample with no Class B sample to support) is marked by a half-width bar (Fig. 3).
An integrated synthesis of the stratigraphy of the Toarcian succession in the Mochras Borehole, comprising (ammonite and foraminifer) bio-, carbon-isotope and magnetostratigraphy. The foraminiferal zones are taken from Copestake & Johnson (2014). The inclination values and the magnetostratigraphy column are plotted. The filled black circles represent Class A samples with identified inclinations that form the basis for the construction of the magnetic-polarity record. The dark grey squares represent Class B samples, for which only magnetic polarity was identified; the points at −90° indicate reversed polarity, and the points at 90° indicate normal polarity. The normal-polarity magnetozone is in black and the reversed-polarity magnetozone is in white. The grey zones in the magnetic record indicate magnetozones defined as normal-polarity, only based on (at least two) Class B normal-polarity samples.
Nine normal- and eight reversed-polarity magnetozones were identified and numbered N0–N8 and R0–R7, respectively (Fig. 3). The R0, N4 and N7 magnetozones are based on only one Class A sample and one or two Class B samples as supporting evidence. The N6 magnetozone is a suggestive normal zone based on only Class B samples and inference from the GTS2012. The interval of normal polarity (N0) probably extends down into the Pliensbachian (Fig. 3). A conservative approach was taken when determining the magnetozones R2 and N3. R2 is based on five Class A samples, although there are two single-specimen normal intervals. N3 is based on two Class A normal samples, but separated by one reverse sample.
Magnetostratigraphy of the Mochras Borehole can be correlated with other magnetostratigraphic sequences defined in coeval European successions, including the Breggia Gorge section of southern Switzerland (Horner & Heller 1983) and a number of sections in Spain (Galbrun et al. 1990; Osete et al. 2007; Comas-Rengifo et al. 2010). The Spanish sections include the Iznalloz section from the Betic Cordillera (Galbrun et al. 1990), the Sierra Palomera and Ariño sections (Osete et al. 2007) and the Almonacid De La Cuba Section (Comas-Rengifo et al. 2010) from the Iberian Range, central–eastern Spain. The lithology from the Spanish sections is mainly limestone, marl or mudstone (Galbrun et al. 1990; Comas-Rengifo et al. 2010).
The Mochras Toarcian succession is thicker, stratigraphically more expanded and better constrained relative to all previously studied successions, and carries a clear magnetic-polarity signal. The ammonite zones and subzones in Mochras are defined using the lowest occurrence of the respective index taxon (e.g. Callomon 1995; Simms et al. 2004). Zones or subzones can be determined with a high degree of accuracy in a laterally extensive, well-exposed and fossiliferous outcrop section. However, in a single borehole, such as Mochras, typically, the lowest occurrence could be stratigraphically higher in the borehole compared with the surrounding rocks. The chance of an individual borehole coring a succession with the true lowest occurrence of any macrofossil is low. This drawback means that stratigraphic correlation of ammonite zone or subzone boundaries in the Mochras Borehole to outcrop sections, such as Peniche, will be somewhat approximate.
The Breggia Gorge and the Iznalloz sections are also relatively biostratigraphically complete, but are each <20 m thick (Horner & Heller 1983; Galbrun et al. 1990), and therefore are stratigraphically condensed relative to the Mochras core. The link between the ammonite biostratigraphic record of Breggia Gorge and the paleomagnetic record of the same section is also not well constrained. Furthermore, biostratigraphic constraints on the upper Toarcian pelagic sediments at Breggia are also relatively poor, and the Iznalloz section is incompletely exposed and subject to poorly characterized structural and/or stratigraphic discontinuities. The composite magnetic-polarity column from the Iberian Range starts within the mirabile Subzone of the tenuicostatum Zone and ends in the illustris Subzone of the variabilis Zone (Osete et al. 2007).
The Almonacid De La Cuba section, however, probably best characterizes the base of the Toarcian Stage among all the existing magnetic-polarity records (Comas-Rengifo et al. 2010; da Rocha et al. 2016). This section records normal magnetic polarity across the Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary, followed by a reversed magnetic-polarity zone through most of the mirabile Subzone (Fig. 5; Comas-Rengifo et al. 2010). This reversed magnetic-polarity zone probably correlates with the stratigraphically thin T-R0 magnetozone in the Mochras core, based on chemo- and biostratigraphic correlation (Fig. 4; Hesselbo et al. 2007; Comas-Rengifo et al. 2010; da Rocha et al. 2016), and has also been recorded in the Iznalloz section (Galbrun et al. 1990). Although ammonite subzones in the tenuicostatum Zone have not yet been defined in the Mochras core, chemo- and magnetostratigraphic correlation between the Mochras, Peniche and the Almonacid De La Cuba successions suggests that the top of the mirabile Subzone equivalent is stratigraphically below c. 861 mbs in the Mochras core (Fig. 4).
Bio-, chemo- and magnetostratigraphic correlation between the Mochras core, the Peniche coastal outcrop (Portugal) and the Almonacid De La Cuba (Spain) successions (dashed lines) across the Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary. The grey-shaded stratigraphic interval marks the potential mirabile Subzone in the Mochras core. Pliens., Pliensbachian; mir., mirabile.
Magnetostratigraphic correlations with five uppermost Pliensbachian and Toarcian successions from Europe. A proposed Toarcian magnetostratigraphic polarity timescale (T-MPTS) is shown on the right. The grey zones in the magnetostratigraphic record of the Mochras core indicate magnetozones defined as normal-polarity, only based on (at least two) Class B normal-polarity samples. The vertical scales of the bio- and magnetostratigraphy in all the five sections are proportional to the relative thickness of their ammonite zones or subzones, but not their stratigraphic thickness. The vertical scale for the Geologic Time Scale (GTS) 2012 is proportional to time. Stratigraphy in the proposed T-MPTS follows relative thickness of the Mochras core. aal., aalensis; com., commune; cra., crassum; disp., dispansum; elegant., elegantulum; fal., fallaciosum; fas., fascigerum; fib., fibulatum; hawsk., hawskerense; mir., mirabile; pseu., pseudoradiosa; semicela., semicelatum; semipo., semipolitum; spin., spinatum; sublev., sublevisoni; ten./tenuicost., tenuicostatum; thouars., thouarsense; Pliens, Pliensbachian; Subz., Subzones.
The long normal zone (N1) in the tenuicostatum Zone in the Mochras core is also well documented in the magnetostratigraphic records from Iznalloz, the Iberian Range composite and Almonacid De La Cuba in Spain (Fig. 5; Galbrun et al. 1990; Osete et al. 2007; Comas-Rengifo et al. 2010). This normal-polarity (N1) magnetozone extends up to the lowermost serpentinum Zone, followed by a reversed-polarity interval (R1) in the lower exaratum Subzone, starting between 825 and 833 mbs in the Mochras core (Fig. 3).
The R1 magnetic reversal biostratigraphically directly matches the magnetic reversals observed at Iznalloz and in the Iberian Range (Fig. 5). Normal magnetic polarity follows the magnetic-reversal zone R1 throughout the remaining exaratum and lower falciferum subzones (Fig. 2). One sample shows reversed polarity at the exaratum–falciferum subzone boundary, which is therefore marked by a half-width bar. The upper falciferum Subzone is marked by magnetic-polarity reversal (R2), which is matched by coeval reversed magnetic polarity in the Breggia Gorge and Iznalloz sections, and the Iberian Range composite. The Breggia Gorge section contains one more reversed-polarity magnetozone in the middle of the falciferum Zone, which may be coeval with and has been tentatively correlated to the potential reversed interval determined by one Class A sample within the N2 magnetozone in the Mochras core (Fig. 5). This reversal has, however, not been recorded in the Iberian Range composite, and detailed magnetostratigraphic correlation to the Iznalloz section is problematic owing to its less than ideal exposure and patchy stratigraphic characterization (Fig. 5; Galbrun et al. 1990).
The serpentinum–bifrons zonal boundary is, in all studied successions, marked by normal polarity (magnetozone N3 in the Mochras core; Fig. 5). This normal magnetozone is, however, relatively thin in the Mochras core and covers only the lower commune Subzone of the lower bifrons Zone (Fig. 3). The following reversed magnetozone (R3) in the Mochras core starts halfway through the commune Subzone and continues through the fibulatum Subzone and into the upper crassum Subzone (all within the bifrons Zone; Fig. 3). In the Iberian Range, this magnetic reversal is constrained to the bifrons Subzone of the bifrons Zone (Fig. 5). This difference possibly reflects distinct biotic provincialism between different European marine basins, with diachroneity between the ammonite subzone boundaries in the bifrons Zone. The normal-polarity magnetozone (N4) straddles the bifrons–variabilis zonal boundary in the Mochras core and the Breggia Gorge and Iznalloz sections and is tentatively correlated with the short normal-polarity magnetozone in the upper part of the bifrons Zone in the Iberian Range composite (Fig. 5). Minor differences in the biostratigraphic position of the N4 magnetozone in the different European successions possibly also indicate diachroneity for the bifrons–variabilis zonal boundary, or alternatively, may reflect a historical difference in the definition of the base of the variabilis Zone, depending on either the first occurrence of Haugia or the last occurrence of Hildoceras semipolitum/Catacoeloceras spp. (Page 2003).
Magnetostratigraphic correlation of intervals above the bifrons Zone is less precise because of the less well-constrained biostratigraphic correlation between different European ammonite provinces and associated ammonite zonal boundaries. The erbaense and meneghinii zones in the Breggia Gorge section probably equate to the variabilis–thouarsense and the pseudoradiosa–aalensis (levesquei) zones in NW Europe, as recorded in the Mochras core (Page 2003). In the Iznalloz section, the gradata Zone is the equivalent of the NW European variabilis Zone, the fallaciosum Zone is probably partly coeval with the NW European thouarsense Zone, and the reynesi Zone is probably partly coeval with the NW European dispansum Zone (Page 2003). The integrated stratigraphic framework proposed here for the upper Toarcian therefore follows the correlation between the local palaeomagnetic-polarity records, with due consideration of the ammonite biostratigraphy (Fig. 5). The upper Toarcian magnetic-polarity record of the Mochras core closely resembles the GTS2012 composite record. The thickness of the pseudoradiosa Zone in the Mochras core is larger than might be expected if sedimentation rates were constant and the duration of the zone in the GTS2012 were correct (Fig. 5). The precise onset and termination of magnetic-polarity reversals in the different upper Toarcian sedimentary successions, relative to ammonite zonal boundaries, is also not always consistent (Fig. 5). This difference potentially suggests that diachroneity between ammonite zonal boundaries in different biological (ammonite) provinces complicates high-resolution biostratigraphic correlation, not only in the middle, but also in the upper Toarcian. The uppermost subdivision of the Toarcian in the Mochras core, the aalensis Zone, is very thin (c. 3 m) owing to truncation at the top, and no palaeomagnetic samples were analysed. The aalensis Zone in the Iznalloz section is marked by two further palaeomagnetic reversals (Fig. 5; Galbrun et al. 1990; Ogg & Hinnov 2012).
A geomagnetic polarity timescale for the entire Toarcian Stage is proposed based on the new data from the Mochras core, integrated with previously published data (Fig. 5). The mirabile Subzone (tenuicostatum Zone) is marked in the proposed T-MPTS to indicate the position of the R0 magnetozone, based on data from Almonacid De La Cuba (Comas-Rengifo et al. 2010). The base of the R1 magnetozone is placed above the base of the exaratum Subzone, according to the results of the Iznalloz section and the Iberian Range composite (Galbrun et al. 1990; Osete et al. 2007). The R8 and N9 magnetozones in the aalensis Zone, which are not recorded in the Mochras core, are added at the top of the column following the Iznalloz section (Galbrun et al. 1990).
The relative stratigraphic thicknesses of the Toarcian ammonite zones differ between sections, and from those defined in GTS2012. The relative stratigraphic thicknesses of the Toarcian ammonite zones used for the T-MPTS proposed here reflect a combination of the relative stratigraphic thicknesses of the zones in the Mochras core and the data as represented in GTS2012 (Fig. 5). Assuming constant sedimentation rates, the serpentinum and pseudoradiosa zones are relatively longer and the bifrons, variabilis and thouarsense zones are relatively shorter in duration in the Mochras core, compared with GTS2012 (Fig. 5). This difference may suggest either changes in sedimentation rate throughout the Toarcian in the Mochras core or a disproportionate representation of thickness relative to time in GTS2012, resulting from changes in sedimentation rate within, or between, the Iznalloz, Iberian Range and Almonacid De La Cuba sections in Spain. Because the duration of some, especially the middle and upper, Toarcian zones is not yet accurately determined, future integration with astrochronological and geochronological data is required to accurately and precisely constrain the relative and numerical Toarcian timescale.
The carbon-cycle perturbations at the Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary and in the early Toarcian have been linked to the Karoo–Ferrar Large Igneous Province and associated release of volcanogenic CO2 and methane from biogenic sources and sub-seafloor clathrates (Duncan et al. 1997; McElwain et al. 2005; Svensen et al. 2007; Percival et al. 2015, 2016). Elevated sedimentary mercury concentrations at the Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary and in sedimentary intervals recording the T-OAE further suggested enhanced volcanic activity at these times (Percival et al. 2015, 2016). A temporal link between Karoo–Ferrar basalt emplacement and the T-OAE was previously suggested based on radio-isotopic dating of surface basalts and dykes and sills from this Large Igneous Province, and volcanic ashes interbedded in sedimentary successions with ammonite biostratigraphy (e.g. Sell et al. 2014; Burgess et al. 2015). The precise timing of Karoo–Ferrar volcanism and its relationship to the T-OAE are, however, not well constrained owing to (1) substantial uncertainties on earlier radio-isotopic Ar–Ar ages and (2) poor bio- and chemostratigraphic control on those marine strata that have yielded accurate and precise U–Pb ages from interbedded volcaniclastic deposits.
High-resolution integrated magnetostratigraphic data from the marine realm may potentially be correlated with the geomagnetic polarity record obtained from the Karoo successions of South Africa (Hargreaves et al. 1997). The onset of accumulation of the Karoo volcanic succession was previously correlated with the Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary interval at Almonacid De La Cuba, Spain, based on magnetostratigraphy (da Rocha et al. 2016). Bio- and magnetostratigraphic correlation of the Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary between the Mochras succession and Almonacid De La Cuba, and subsequent magnetostratigraphic correlation to the Karoo volcanic succession from the Lebombo volcanic rift margin and the Drakensberg Group in northern Lesotho, southern Africa, suggests that the three normal-polarity magnetozones there correspond to the N1 and N2 magnetozones in the Mochras core (Fig. 6; Hargreaves et al. 1997; Riley et al. 2004; Comas-Rengifo et al. 2010; da Rocha et al. 2016). The youngest normal-polarity magnetozone in the Lebombo succession, which may correlate with the N2 magnetozone in the Mochras core, is less thick than the preceding normal-polarity magnetozone in the same sequence (Fig. 6). The N1 and N2 normal-polarity zones have a comparable thickness in the Mochras core. This difference may be explained by a combined effect of the changing sedimentation rate at Mochras and the relatively sporadic and variable accumulation rates of the Karoo lava flows.
Magnetostratigraphic correlation between the Mochras core (this study), the Almonacid De La Cuba Section in Spain (Comas-Rengifo et al. 2010) and the Karoo volcanic rocks at Lebombo and northern Lesotho in South Africa (Duncan et al. 1997; Hargreaves et al. 1997; Riley et al. 2004; Comas-Rengifo et al. 2010; Moulin et al. 2017). The lithological column of the Lebombo and northern Lesotho Drakensberg regions from the bottom to the top contains the Mashikiri Nephelinite, the Letaba Picrite, the Sabie River Basalt and Jozini Rhyolite (Hargreaves et al. 1997). The radioisotopic ages from Lebombo are from Riley et al. (2004) and recalculated from Duncan et al. (1997). The stratigraphic levels of the analysed samples are indicated by the arrowed letters A–G (F1 and F2 and G1 and G2 indicate different samples within level F and level G, respectively), with the uncertainty bars representing the age defined by U–Pb and 40Ar/39Ar dating. The high-resolution bulk organic-carbon isotope record (Xu et al. 2018) and the Hg–TOC record (Percival et al. 2015, 2016) from the Mochras core illustrate the carbon-cycle perturbation and the fingerprint of enhanced volcanism at the Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary and the T-OAE. a., aalensis; co., commune; cra., crassum; dis., dispansum; exarat., exaratum; falcif., falciferum; fal., fallaciosum; f., fascigerum; fib., fibulatum; hawsk., hawskerense; leves., levesquei; mir., mirabile; pseudorad/pseu., pseudoradiosa; semicelat., semicelatum; tenuicost., tenuicostatum; thoua., thouarsense.
Based on this correlation, emplacement of the Karoo Large Igneous Province had already begun in the late Pliensbachian, and continued until after the T-OAE negative CIE. Basalt emplacement in the Karoo Basin of South Africa might actually have persisted throughout the duration of the early Toarcian overarching positive CIE, which possibly linked to prolonged and large-scale extraction of 13C-depleted carbon from the global ocean–atmosphere system, brought about by elevated atmospheric pCO2 and associated prolonged climatic and oceanographic change at that time. The T-OAE negative CIE, superimposed on the overarching early Toarcian positive CIE, possibly reflects the time of maximum isotopically light carbon injection either directly from Karoo–Ferrar basalt degassing or through additional processes such as thermogenic carbon release from subsurface organic-rich shales, or through the initiation of positive feedback mechanisms in Earth's climate system, with, for example, the release of carbon from seafloor methane clathrates.
A high-resolution magnetostratigraphic record is presented, spanning the complete Toarcian succession of the Mochras Borehole, Wales, and providing a bio- and chemostratigraphically integrated and refined geomagnetic polarity timescale for the Toarcian Stage (T-MPTS). The combined bio- (ammonite, foraminifer), chemo- (carbon-isotope) and magnetostratigraphic framework for the entire Toarcian Stage forms an important reference record for future correlations between global marine, and marine and terrestrial successions. This framework also provides new accurate and precise correlations with the basalt lava sequence of the Karoo Large Igneous Province, linking the Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary and T-OAE climatic and environmental perturbations directly to this episode of major volcanic activity.
All authors thank the British Geological Survey (BGS), especially T. Gallagher and S. Renshaw, for allowing access to the Mochras core. C. V. Ullmann is acknowledged for the help with sampling and the general discussion. J.B.R. publishes with the approval of the Executive Director of the British Geological Survey (NERC). This paper is a contribution to IGCP 655 (IUGS-UNESCO): ‘Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event: Impact on marine carbon cycle and ecosystems’, and IGCP 632 (IUGS-UNESCO): ‘Continental Crises of the Jurassic: Major Extinction Events and Environmental Changes within Lacustrine Ecosystems’.
We acknowledge funding from Shell International Exploration & Production B.V., the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) and the Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) (grant number NE/N018508/1).
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Keep your board meetings healthy and productive.
Since nonprofit board meetings depend on interaction among people with different values, perspectives, and communication styles, conflict is likely to occur. The impact of this conflict, however, largely depends on how it is handled.
Use these key tips to manage conflict in your board meetings and ensure that all board members can have candid and productive discussions.


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The show has already been seen by many schools in North Wales, but this will be it’s first showing outside of Wales. The performances will take place at Mersey Park and Woodlands schools, Birkenhead as part of a full week of performances in schools situated along the trainline that carried the Black Chair from the Birkenhead 1917 National Eisteddfod to Hedd Wyn’s home at The Ysgwrn in Trawsfynydd.
"It’s fitting that the first journey of the Black Chair workshops are held in Birkenhead, where the 1917 Eisteddfod took place., and we are grateful to the Children’s Festival of Welsh History and the schools for enabling us to realise this vision. We look forward to present workshops which will include a performance of Hedd Wyn – Why we must remember , along with showing the children a facsimile of the winning ode in the poet’s handwriting. This will be an unique opportunity for the children of Birkenhead and othe schools along the route, to learn about a very important story in Welsh history, which happened a hundred years ago. The performances will be a continuation of a series of performances staged earlier this year in partnership with Snowdonia National Park at Yr Ysgwrn, Hedd Wyn’s home, sponsored by Scottish Power Foundation."
be a tour of Carmarthenshire and Ceredigion castles with Lord Rhys, Owain Glyndwr and Henry Tudor, and special activities to celebrate Owain Glyndwr day on September 16th at Corwen and Machynlleth. I’m sure that children from all over Wales will have a great time this month learning about Welsh history in a fun, interactive and interesting way."
Children’s Festival of Welsh History’s shows and workshops are presented by Sion Emyr; Gwion Williams, Llion Williams, Dion Davies, Danny Grehan, Anwen Carlisle, Casia Wiliam a Meilyr Sion.


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All men are invited to join us for a time of prayer for our Pastor and to discover the ministry of Pastor's Prayer Partners. Join a group of men who believe strongly in the power of prayer. Each Sunday morning, a team of Pastor's Prayer Partners comes together to lift up Dr. Jeffress, the church, and the staff during our morning worship services. These men, who band together to bless others in prayer, bless one another in the process. Men of God, don't miss this powerful experience!
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Oscar Pistorius out on probation in August!
Oscar Pistorius is set to be released on probation on 21 August, South African prison authorities say, after serving 10 months in jail for shooting dead his girlfriend.
The Paralympic star was jailed for five years in 2014 for the culpable homicide of Reeva Steenkamp.
Ms Steenkamp’s parents have said that the time he has served is “not enough for taking a life”.
A state appeal against his acquittal on murder charges is due in November.
Under South African law, Pistorius is eligible for release under “correctional supervision” having served a sixth of his sentence.
South African Commissioner of Correctional Services Zach Modise told the BBC that the case management committee at the Kgosi Mampuru II prison in Pretoria, where Pistorius is being held, made the recommendation last week.
The decision is likely to mean a spell under house arrest for Pistorius.
The double amputee shot and killed Ms Steenkamp through a locked bathroom door at his Pretoria home, believing she was an intruder, he told his trial.
In March a Johannesburg court blocked his legal team’s attempts to stop the prosecutors’ appeal.
State prosecutors say Pistorius should have been found guilty of murder – if convicted he could face a much more lengthy jail term.
Tania Koen, a lawyer for Ms Steenkamp’s parents Barry and June, said that while the two had forgiven Pistorius, “ten months is not enough”.
The decision will reignite a national debate in South Africa about the rule of law, says the BBC’s Milton Nkosi.
Pistorius was born without the fibulas in both of his legs, and had surgery to amputate both below the knee while still a baby.
He went on to become one of South Africa’s best-known sports stars, and was the first amputee to compete against able-bodied athletes at the 2012 London Olympics.


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Social Security Administration, 800-772-1213 (everyone).
Download the 'Organizations to Contact After a Death' Checklist.
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industry_corpus2: Finance & Economics


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industry_corpus2: Health & Medicine