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When asked, I tell people I work with CAMA. In my experience, most people have never heard of the Division of Coastal Management, but it seems almost everyone on the coast knows CAMA. Some may know us from past permitting experiences, some from our public beach access sites, and some through our Coastal Reserve education and science programs. In whatever way you may have come to know CAMA, it is my sincere hope that you can be proud of the North Carolina coastal management program.
This year, the Coastal Area Management Act celebrates its 40th anniversary. In 1974, the N.C. General Assembly passed this landmark legislation to guide development decisions in the 20 coastal counties of North Carolina. CAMA established the Coastal Resources Commission, the Coastal Resources Advisory Council, and a new partnership with local governments in permitting and planning for future coastal development. The core goal of the law is to maintain a delicate balance between safeguarding our magnificent coastal environment, encouraging public access to those resources, protecting private property and riparian rights, and fostering economic development.
Much has changed over the past four decades. During the 1980s, the coastal population grew at a rate almost twice that of the entire state. Six counties registered increases of more than 25 percent, led by Dare County at 70 percent. By the year 2000, most coastal counties saw growth rates of at least 20 percent. Currently, Onslow County is the fastest growing county in the state, with Brunswick, Pender and New Hanover Counties included in the top ten. Along with this burgeoning population has been an increase in the complexity of development proposals, as new projects are proposed in more environmentally sensitive areas, or adjacent to existing development where conflicts are more likely to occur.
The state coastal program has also changed and evolved over the years. For example, the regulatory program’s experience with routine coastal projects has led DCM staff to work with the CRC to establish General Permits for a wide variety of projects such as bulkheads, docks, and boat ramps. In fact, our rapid, on-site issuance of General Permits accounts for as much as 85% of the CAMA permits issued annually by DCM. In addition, over 100 Local Permit Officers, who serve within local governments across the coast and under authorities delegated by CAMA, continue to issue hundreds of Minor Permits each year for small-scale development projects. And our CAMA Major Permit offers a streamlined, one-stop-shop process where our staff can help walk an applicant through multiple state and federal reviews, often at reduced costs and within a far shorter timeframe than would otherwise be possible.
In our ongoing work to achieve the balance envisioned by CAMA, DCM and the CRC are making progress on some significant issues that you can read about below, including work on a comprehensive review of ocean inlet management in North Carolina, an update to a 2010 study on sea-level rise, and a new partnership to evaluate the state’s offshore sand resources. We hope that you will work with us to develop well-balanced solutions to these and other challenges in the years ahead.
As always, we hope that you will share this newsletter with colleagues and friends, and let us know if you have any suggestions for future newsletters. If you would like to have your name added or removed from the email list, please email your request to Michele.Walker@ncdenr.gov. Additional coastal program information can also be found on our website, http://www.nccoastalmanagement.net.
In 2013, the N.C. Coastal Resources Commission considered the creation of a Cape Fear River Area of Environmental Concern in accordance with Session Law 2012-202. At the conclusion of the one-year study, the commission determined that local governments adjacent to other ocean inlets often have to contend with issues similar to those identified by various stakeholder groups. As a result, the commission decided to undertake a coast-wide review of inlet-related development and management issues.
At its July meeting, the commission further refined the priority list, asking DCM staff to focus on the beneficial use of dredged materials; establishment of an Inlet Management Area for State Ports; development of alternatives to the “static vegetation line” rules; and examining the possibility of expanded dredging windows for beach and inlet projects.
More information on the study is available on our website.
In a June 11 letter to the CRC Science Panel, CRC chair Frank Gorham communicated the commission’s charge to the panel regarding an update of the panel’s 2010 sea-level rise study report, and announced the appointment of Greg “Rudi” Rudolph, Carteret County Shore Protection Manager, to fill one of the vacant seats on the panel.
The CRC’s charge to the panel is to conduct “a comprehensive review of scientific literature and available North Carolina data that addresses the full range of global, regional and North Carolina specific sea-level change.” The CRC further directed the panel to limit the scope of the study to a 30-year rolling time table, to be updated every five years.
The Science Panel will continue to meet monthly with a goal of completing a draft report by Dec. 31. All meetings of the Science Panel are open to the public and are announced on the DCM website and by press release.
Once completed, the panel’s draft report will be forwarded to a technical peer review group for comments. The draft report and all comments will be submitted to the CRC and released for public comment by March 31, 2015. Following an extended public comment period, the report will be finalized in early 2016 and delivered to the N.C. General Assembly by March 1, 2016 as required by Session Law 2012-202.
For more information, visit http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/cm/sea-level-rise-study-update or contact Tancred Miller at Tancred.Miller@ncdenr.gov.
The Division of Coastal Management will partner with East Carolina University on a two-year cooperative agreement funded by the U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) totaling $200,000 to evaluate sand resources for coastal resilience and restoration planning.
Under the agreement, scientists from ECU and the University of North Carolina Coastal Studies Institute (UNC CSI) will work with DCM and Geodynamics LLC to evaluate and consolidate existing geological and geophysical data offshore North Carolina. These data will be used to identify and locate potential areas of sand resources, as well as benthic habitat, with the overall goal of making this data accessible to project planners and resource managers. ECU, UNC CSI and its partners will re-analyze existing data in northeastern North Carolina (north of Cape Hatteras) to develop a revised evaluation of sand resources with the latest available information. Areas for future resource surveys will also be identified.
The agreement will also help North Carolina develop tools to more readily share sand resource data with other agencies involved in coastal resilience planning.
As part of its annual review of the Coastal Resources Commission’s rules and policies, DCM earlier this year proposed that the Coastal Resources Commission consider the feasibility of eliminating the High Hazard Flood Area of Environmental Concern, or AEC.
The High Hazard Flood AEC [15A NCAC 7H .0304(2)] covers lands subject to flooding, high waves, and heavy water currents during a major storm. These are the lands identified as coastal flood with velocity hazard, or "V zones," on flood insurance rate maps prepared by FEMA. The High Hazard Flood AEC often overlaps with the Ocean Erodible and Inlet Hazard AECs.
Single-family residences located in the High Hazard Flood AEC are currently exempt from CAMA permit requirements, provided that they are not within the Ocean Erodible or Inlet Hazard AECs, are constructed on pilings, and comply with the N.C. Building Code and local flood damage prevention ordinances as required by the National Flood Insurance Program. Although this type of development does not require a CAMA permit, it requires a site visit by a DCM field representative or CAMA Local Permit Officer in addition to an application for a permit exemption and a fee of $50.
Because the CRC’s rules for this AEC defer to the state building code and require adherence to NFIP standards and local ordinances, DCM staff recommended that the CRC consider repealing the AEC. This action would remove approximately 15,000 properties from CRC permitting authority.
At its July meeting, the CRC voted to send the matter to public hearing. A date for the hearing has not yet been set.
The Division of Coastal Management, in partnership with the Albemarle-Pamlico National Estuary Partnership, the Business Alliance for a Sound Economy and the North Carolina Coastal Federation, hosted two regional land use planning workshops earlier this year to seek input from local elected officials and planning staff on their experiences with the CAMA Land Use Planning Program, implementation of the 15A NCAC 7B Land Use Planning Guidelines, and to discuss possible new directions for the planning program.
In addition, workshop participants discussed new opportunities for increased technical assistance, streamlined plan reviews, and reduced local planning burdens through improved coordination with other planning requirements and activities.
DCM is in the process of amending the 15A NCAC 7B Land Use Planning Guidelines in response to the input received from local governments. These amendments will include changes to streamline the land use plan amendment and update process, reduce the amount of analysis required, and incorporate other planning efforts to reduce redundancy in overlapping plans.
In the coming weeks, draft language will be presented to the Coastal Resources Commission and will also be available for review on DCM’s website. We would like to receive written comments regarding the proposed changes. Public input will be included in a report to the CRC at their December meeting. If you have any questions or would like further information on the rule changes, please contact Mike Lopazanski at mike.lopazanski@ncdenr.gov.
The Division of Coastal Management awarded nearly $600,000 to eight local governments for projects to improve public access to coastal beaches and waters for the 2013-14 fiscal year.
· Town of Swansboro received $35,250 to install a canoe/kayak launch, gangway, concrete walkway to parking, and a 45-foot boardwalk extension.
· Town of Kitty Hawk received $52,941 for the installation of 16 paved parking spaces and associated improvements at an existing beach access.
· Town of Atlantic Beach received $66,532 to replace and construct an Americans with Disabilities Act-compliant walkway and dune crossover.
· City of Washington received $120,000 for the construction of a pier.
· Town of Oriental received $47,250 to construct restrooms at the South Avenue Boat House Project.
· Town of Windsor received $31,500 for the construction of parking, kayak staging and a walkway.
· Town of Topsail Beach received $45,391 to construct an ADA-compliant dune crossover.
· Town of Morehead City received $200,000 for the construction of an open pavilion at an existing waterfront park.
The division’s Public Beach and Coastal Waterfront Access program provides matching funds to local governments in the 20 coastal counties. Governments that receive grants must match them by contributing at least 25 percent toward the project’s cost.
Funding for the grant program comes from the N.C. General Assembly through the state’s Parks and Recreation Trust Fund. Access projects may include walkways, dune crossovers, restrooms, parking areas, piers and related facilities. Funds also may be used for land acquisition or urban waterfront revitalization.
The grant program has provided more than $37 million for more than 300 public waterfront access sites since the program began in 1981.
For more information, please contact Mike Lopazanski at Mike.Lopazanski@ncdenr.gov.
CRC members Lee Wynns and Bill Naumann have resigned from the commission effective June 30.
Mr. Wynns, of Bertie County, filled the seat requiring experience in commercial fishing. He is retired as the president/operator of Perry-Wynns Fish Company, Inc. He served on the CRC for 11 years.
Mr. Naumann, of Craven County,filled the seat requiring experience in engineering or a marine-related science. He is the president of Transformation Venture Capital in New Bern, and previously served as the chairman of Hatteras Yachts Inc. He was appointed to the CRC in 2013.
DCM staff wish Mr. Wynns and Mr. Naumann the very best and appreciate their service to the state of North Carolina.
Three coastal marinas have been certified, and 12 others re-certified, as North Carolina Clean Marinas, a designation given to marinas that go above and beyond the state’s environmental regulations.
The Sea Harbour Condominium Yacht Club in Oriental, the Shallowbag Bay Marina in Manteo, and the N.C. Dept. of Transportation Bayview Ferry Terminal in Bath have most recently earned the status as North Carolina Clean Marinas.
The Clean Marina program recognizes marina operators that help safeguard the environment by using management and operation techniques that exceed environmental requirements. To earn the certification, the marina’s owners prepare spill prevention plans and conduct safety and emergency planning. Marina operators also control boat maintenance activities to protect water quality. Marinas must complete the re-certification process every three years in order to retain their certification as a North Carolina Clean Marina.
Clean Marina is a voluntary program in which marina operators who choose to participate complete an evaluation form about their use of specific best management practices. If a marina meets criteria developed by the N.C. Division of Coastal Management, it will be designated as a North Carolina Clean Marina. Such marinas are eligible to fly the Clean Marina flag and use the logo in their advertising. The flags signal to boaters that a marina cares about the cleanliness of area waterways.
For more information, contact Pat Durrett at pat.durrett@ncdenr.gov.
· Creates a Coastal and Estuarine Water Beach Access Program/Fund with funds transferred from the Parks and Recreation Trust Fund. PARTF funds are traditionally used to fund beach and water access projects. The new fund is a special revenue fund consisting of gifts and grants to the fund along with General Assembly appropriations.
· Authorizes the acquisition of federal lands surrounding Oregon Inlet to manage existing and future transportation corridors on the Outer Banks and create a state park. Allows the governor, after the declaration of a state of emergency, to waive requirements for the repair or replacement of coastal bridges that are the only access to a barrier island.
· Directs the CRC to not establish any new inlet hazard areas, and to repeal existing IHAs in areas that are the former location of an inlet that has been closed for at least 15 years; where the location no longer includes the current location of the inlet; or the location includes an inlet providing access to a state port via a channel maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
· Changes to contested case rules for CAMA permits, by removing the automatic stay provision on CAMA permits when appealed by third parties. The permit would remain in effect unless a stay is issued by an Administrative Law Judge.
· If a permit applicant submits a permit for development, and a rule governing the development changes before the application is approved, allows the applicant to choose which version of the rule will apply to the permit.
· Repeals the section of last year's regulatory reform bill that prevented local governments from enacting any ordinance stricter than state or federal law or rule, and requires DENR to submit a report to the ERC on Nov. 1, 2014 and Nov. 1, 2015 of any local government ordinances that impinge on or interfere with any area regulated by the department.
· Expands the Hardison amendment. All rules stronger than federal minimum standards are now automatically subject to legislative review.
· Signed by Gov. McCrory Sept. 18.
S788/S.L 2014-86 – Town of Duck/Eminent Domain – Allows Town of Duck to exercise eminent domain for beach erosion control, flood and hurricane protection projects.Ratified July 25.
H1248 – Authority to Remove Abandoned Vessels – Gives Washington County the authority to remove abandoned vessels from navigable waters.Passed the House, referred to Senate committee on state and local government.
DCM is always proud of our staff’s commitment to providing all of our customers with the best in customer service.
The Riggings HOA v. CRC(New Hanover 09 CVS 2761) – The state appealed the Court of Appeals’ Order to the North Carolina Supreme Court (and was granted review of other issues not in the COA dissent) which ultimately held that the CRC should have granted the fifth variance request by the Riggings to allow sandbags to remain indefinitely at the site. The Supreme Court also allowed the Riggings’ Petition for Discretionary Review on cross-appeal issues. The parties submitted new briefs and the Court heard oral argument on October 6. The Court’s decision is expected in early 2015.
Defenders of Wildlife & NWRA v. DCM and NCDOT (13 EHR 16087) – Appeal by Petitioners of DCM’s issuance of the CAMA permit authorizing the Bonner Bridge replacement bridge. The parties have completed the discovery phase of this case and are having discussions regarding settlement before possibly moving to filing cross-motions for summary judgment and/or having a full contested case hearing.

industry_corpus2: Water Resources & Marine


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Buy TIMKEN 61912 Ball Bearings - Parts Online Pte.Ltd.
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industry_corpus2: Manufacturing


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If you’re looking to sell your home in Wood Ridge, a wet basement can be a deal breaker. Home buyers are not looking to purchase someone else’s problem, and if they find out that the basement floods, they will often back out of the deal. Home inspectors are trained to find the signs of wet basements, and they will make finding these signs a top priority.
A wet basement is easy to ignore during dry weather in Bergen County. But when a major storm hits, the amount of water that comes in can be hard to predict. Homeowners that previously only had a small leak once or twice a year can be shocked and disappointed to find that their basement has several inches-even feet- of water seemingly out of the blue. How serious a basement flood can be is sometimes hard to tell, and unless the investment is made in a basement waterproofing system, the risk of such a flood is always present. If you know stormy weather is ahead, then it’s a great idea to deal with the problem before it gets out of hand.
Whether you would like to do the job of waterproofing your basement yourself or want to call in a professional in Bergen County, it is important that you find out the source of such wetness and leaks.The search should start outside your home. You need to find out exactly how the water is coming in. Is there a drainage system, a downspout or a gutter that is blocked and which is serving as an entry point for all that water? The foundation of a home should be such that it should prevent the water from coming into it. Getting rid of any water problems will ensure that your basement stays dry at all times.

industry_corpus2: Real Estate & Construction


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**Excellent Used Condition** HEAD Titanium Badminton Racquet Titanium 80 with case.
4 Head Titanium Badminton smash racketsWith 2 Birdie's and case. Condition is Used.

industry_corpus2: Sports


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I am listening to the music on Christian Music, and if I had to use just one word to describe it, that would be the one: uplifting. I’m having church right here at the desk. And I am only getting the free snippets. Please have a listen. This is powerful, majestic music. The full albums are downloadable, and they take paypal. Check out this special, all 5 for $29.95. If DD#1 can teach me to burn cd from MP3, I’ll be seriously considering this. It’s that good. **CHRISTIAN MUSIC – GET a FREE Download and Discover… Unedited Worship** Go, click, and have church right where you are.
ETA: She says she can do it!
I, too, am really considering the same. It is some good music, no?
Yes, I bought it, and DD has already made me 2 cd’s.

industry_corpus2: Film & Entertainment


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Get A FREE COPY TODAY of the Best-Selling Book Unlimited Possibilities.
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By attending this event I agree and acknowledge that after this workshop, I will not for any reason be guaranteed any kind of monetary refund, trade, compensation or rebate. I will allow any taped conversation, video or photograph procured at this event to be reproduced under the direction of Wealth Fitness for education and promotional purposes. It is understood this content is given with no expectation of compensation for said use. I understand that no personal audio recording or video recording is allowed. I acknowledge that Wealth Fitness or any affiliate company is not acting as my agent, personal accountant, lawyer or financial advisor. After attending this event I agree and acknowledge that I will not post any information or reviews about this free event online in any form or context. No pictures are permitted, and this event is closed to the media. Your name, phone number, and email are only used for registration purposes for Wealth Fitness events. You will receive emails, and phone calls in association with the event you have registered for. Your information will not be provided to any third parties or sold to any other companies or organizations. All of your information is kept private and confidential and is used for event purposes only.
Individual Results may vary, and testimonials are not claimed to represent typical results. All testimonials are real but may not reflect a typical individual’s experience and are not intended to represent or guarantee that anyone will achieve the same or similar results.

industry_corpus2: Subject Education


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industry_corpus2: Others


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Kelly Scanlon was named to the All-Tournament Team.
Ronnie Bither was named the Ivy League Rookie of the Week for the second straight week.
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We have all been there before. We have all had a situation where we were in a jam for cash real quick and needed to use the nearest ATM, even if it was not the one from the bank that we use. When those moments come, we always have to question if the fee we are about to encounter is worth the speed at which we are getting out money.
Now, we might have an easier time deciding against getting the cash as ATM fees for using an ATM that is not under a bank that you use might be increasing to as much as five dollars per transaction in the near future.
Banks like Chase are already looking into capping debit card transactions at as little as $50.
Now Chase is also trying out a $5 ATM fee for people who use their ATM’s, but are not Chase customers. In Illinois, the high fee is being tested. In Texas, a slightly more moderate fee of four dollars is being tried out.
In addition to the growing ATM fee from the bank that operates the ATM, your bank always charges you for using your card on an ATM that does not belong to them. This fee is usually about three dollars. That means that to get a quick $20, it might cost you more than $8.
Banks like Chase spend around $200 million per year to operate their nationwide system of ATM machines. For Chase, they run approximately 16,000 ATM’s.
HSBC Bank USA has also increased their rates to $3 per transaction for all people who use their ATM’s, but are not customers.
Other major banks like Bank of America and Wells Fargo have not decided whether or not to implement higher fees just yet.
The new ATM fees combined with the potential price caps on debit card transactions are making people look at the Wall Street reform differently.
While the reform has overall improved the way corporate America is run and no longer allows banks to be overly liberal with their money, it is now changing the way Americans will have to bank.
Now, we have to be more frugal about our debit purchases as we might not be able to spend more than $50 at a time. We also can’t just go up to any ATM and get out some quick cash without paying a higher fee.
But is this really bad? Or is it a blessing in disguise as we are now going to be forced to be smarter about our expenses?

industry_corpus2: Finance & Economics


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Jammu, Sept 22: In a report published by the Quint today, it has been claimed that the two units of the elite 2 Paras comprising 18-20 soldiers flew across the LoC in the Uri sector in military helicopters and carried out an operation that killed at least 20 terrorists across three terror camps in Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (PoK).
However, the story has not been confirmed by armed forces and the government.
According to the report, the operation happened during the intervening night of 20 September and 21 September and the causalities could have been more than 200 instead of 20. But the army has denied carrying out any such operation.
The report further claims that the Pakistan’s national flag carrier, Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), had cancelled flights to northern Pakistani cities, including to Gilgit and Skardu in PoK, due to “airspace restrictions”.
The Quint, after its report started getting quashed in the media circles, supposedly re-confirmed the report and then went on to put a disclaimer that it stands by the veracity of the report.
A report in TOI, however, rebuffed the report saying that its sources in the army have denied any such operation was ever carried out.

industry_corpus2: Politics & Administration


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The Minister of Works and Housing, Alban Bagbin, has told Citi News that the government of Ghana may soon disengage from the STX housing deal.
The two partners - STX Korea and STX Ghana - have been fighting over who takes charge of the project which is meant to build 30,000 housing units for public and security officials.
�The government of Ghana could disengage from the STX project� it�s a possibility,� Mr. Bagbin told Citi News on Thursday.
The minister had earlier served notice through Citi News that the feuding parties may pay for any costs incurred by Ghana if they failed to resolve their differences and start the project.
A Commercial Court on Wednesday awarded a cost of GHc 3,000 against GKA Airports, the local partners of STX Korea, after filing a suit praying the court to declare the Korean counterparts as non shareholders.


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Investors were in a selling mood at the end of a mostly subdued week of trading, sending U.S. stocks lower for the third day in a row Thursday, April 13.
Energy stocks led the broad decline, which gathered momentum in the final hour of trading ahead of the long Easter holiday weekend. The slide marked the lowest close for the stock market since Feb. 13 and came on a day when several major banks reported their latest quarterly results, kicking off the company earnings season.
Traders also weighed the potential for rising geopolitical tensions following news that the U.S. attacked an Islamic State tunnel complex in eastern Afghanistan with the largest non-nuclear weapon ever used in combat by the U.S. military.
Bond yields continued to drop. Gold surged to its highest level since early November. The weakened versus the yen and euro.
The Standard & Poor’s 500 index slid 15.98 points, or 0.7 percent, to 2,328.95. The Dow Jones industrial average fell 138.61 points, or 0.7 percent, to 20,453.25. The Nasdaq composite index lost 31.01 points, or 0.5 percent, to 5,805.15.
Small-company stocks fell more than the rest of the market. The Russell 2000 index lost 13.96 points, or 1 percent, to 1,345.24. More stocks fell than rose on the New York Stock Exchange.
The decline deepened the market’s losses for the month.
Bond prices edged higher. The yield on the benchmark U.S. 10-year note fell to 2.23 percent from 2.24 percent late Wednesday.
Gold, often sought out by investors in times of global uncertainty, climbed $10.40 to $1,288.50 an ounce.
Oil prices inched higher as traders shrugged off a report by the International Energy Agency said that demand growth for oil will slow for a second consecutive year this year.
Benchmark U.S. crude rose 7 cents to close at $53.18 per barrel in New York. Brent crude, used to price international oils, added 3 cents to close at $55.89 per barrel in London.
Even so, energy stocks fell sharply, led by Chesapeake Energy. The stock was the biggest decliner in the S&P 500, shedding 26 cents, or 4.2 percent, to $5.89.
After a week of mostly subdued trading without major new economic data or company news, investors got a look at the first batch of big bank earnings Thursday.
Several banks reported better-than-expected results thanks to improved revenue from trading and rising interest rates. That gave the stocks a boost early on, but their gains faded.
Citigroup slipped 47 cents to $58.04, while JPMorgan Chase shed $1, or 1.2 percent, to $84.40. PNC Financial Services slid 20 cents to $115.80.
“A lot of investors were looking through the earnings releases today and trying to get a sense of demand for loans, and I don’t think they’re liking what they’re seeing,” Davidson said.
Wells Fargo gave up 3.3 percent after Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway sold some of its stock in the lender to avoid being designated a bank holding company. Wells also reported flat quarterly earnings, reflecting continuing struggles to recover from its sales practice scandal. The stock lost $1.77 to $51.35.
Pier 1 Imports’ latest quarterly results failed to impress investors.
The company’s shares slumped 9.1 percent after the home decor retailer reported disappointing sales. The stock slid 66 cents to $6.59.
U.S. Steel fell 5.9 percent as investors weighed the impact of a wastewater spill at one of the company’s steel plants in northern Indiana. Federal officials were waiting for the results of tests aimed at determining whether a potentially carcinogenic chemical entered Lake Michigan during the wastewater spill on Tuesday, April 11. The company’s shares were off $1.84 to $29.42.
Major stock indexes overseas closed mostly lower.
In Europe, Germany’s DAX slid 0.4 percent, while France’s CAC-40 shed 0.6 percent. London’s FTSE-100 lost 0.3 percent. In Asia, Tokyo’s Nikkei 225 fell 0.7 percent and Sydney’s S&P-ASX 200 lost 0.7 percent. Hong Kong’s Hang Seng slid 0.2 percent after a report showed China’s export growth accelerated in March, while import growth cooled. Seoul’s Kospi added 0.9 percent.
The dollar continued to weaken a day after President Donald Trump said in an interview with The Wall Street Journal that the dollar was “getting too strong” and that he won’t declare China a currency manipulator.
The remarks helped push the yen to its highest level since mid-November, just after the presidential election. The dollar slid to 109.16 yen from 109.71 yen late Wednesday. The euro strengthened to $1.0612 from $1.0598.
In other energy trading, wholesale gasoline dipped 1 cent to $1.73 a gallon. Heating oil held steady at $1.65 a gallon. Natural gas rose 4 cents, or 1.3 percent, to $3.23 per 1,000 cubic feet.
Among metals, silver gained 21 cents to $18.51 an ounce. Copper added 3 cents to $2.57 a pound.

industry_corpus2: Power & Energy


text:
bin Laden could not create and follow the kind of plan which we'd think was essential. If bin Laden's plan had been based entirely on temporal power and cogent strategy and real resources, and if such a plan did not rely on miracles, it would have demonstrated lack of faith. If there were no place in the plan for God, it would prove that bin Laden didn't truly believe God would help.
And it would therefore prove that bin Laden didn't deserve any help from God, because it would prove that his faith wasn't really pure. For bin Laden to create such a plan would be a heretical act. . . . [A] rationalist post-Enlightenment Christian . . . faces no crisis of faith in a similar situation. He can make rational plans which don't rely on miracles because his faith acknowledges that God doesn't usually work that way. Such a Christian doesn't pray for victory; he prays for the wisdom to create rational plans and the strength to carry them out.
But for bin Laden and other Islamic zealots bent on jihad, even that would be heresy. The only way to truly prove your faith is to rely on miracles, and that's what I think they're doing. I think that was bin Laden's strategy.
If anything, I think den Beste (who has a fairly firm grip on Christian theology for an aethiest) underestimates the gap between fundamentalist Muslim theology and contemporary Christian theology on this point. It's true that Christians regard it as an extraordinary display of faith in some situations to put your trust completely in God, but to many Christians, such an egregiously audacious venture undertaken with no earthly hope of success isn't just overreaching into a belief in more direct divine intervention than we ordinarily believe in; it also trammels awfully close to the Biblical injunction against putting the Lord your God to the test. I'm not sure exactly where that line is, but if I jump off a bridge and ask God to save me, I've almost certainly done something wrong by trying to compel the Lord to take a specific action in a specific situation.


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This is the 43nd in our articles series and I hope this information is helpful.
After Prometheus defies Zeus and brings fire back to humans, Zeus blows his top. He will not tolerate insubordination, even from his elders. He punishes both Prometheus and humans, with a two-fold previously unknown concept of punishment involving interminably cruel and unremitting horror and suffering. For Act One, he chains Prometheus to living hell, and for Act Two, using Pandora, he unleashes synthetic biotoxins on humankind.
If we take Prometheus to be phosphorus, for reasons I've suggested earlier, and apply some modern knowledge of chemistry to this "tale", then this tug of war begins to make more sense.
According to the Encyclopedia Brittanica, Arabian alchemists of the 12th century may have isolated elemental phosphorus by accident, but the records are unclear. In 1669, the Hamburg merchant and alchemist Hennig Brandt heated the residue from evaporating urine with powdered charcoal, and condensed the vapor that was evolved into a waxy solid. This solid glowed in the dark, without heat, an astonishing phenomenon. He called the mysterious substance phosphorus, taken directly from the Greek phosphoros, "light-bringer." Now isn't that interesting. That's what Prometheus did; he brought humans LIGHT as fire.
This was, incidentally also the name of the planet Venus as morning star, "Lucifer" in Latin. And interestingly, that is what Pandora turns out to be, a "Lucifer" in disguise, and she is half of Zeus's punishment for Prometheus stealing the fire.
Cornucopia Tip Top Angel Safety Matches from Sweden.
The discovery of phosphorus created quite a stir, and soon nobody was throwing away urine. Just imagine the smell. Travelling alchemists amazed royal audiences, and it was the talk of the time. A normal person excretes about a gram of phosphorus daily. It gave the name to phosphorescence, which is the nonthermal emission of light after removal of the stimulus, in contrast to fluorescence. The light Brandt observed was chemiluminescence, consequent to the combination of the phosphorus with atmospheric oxygen to form the trioxide. This was burning, but the light is not due to thermal excitation. When the pentoxide is formed, there is no chemiluminescence.
The only common mineral of phosphorus is apatite, Ca5F(PO4)3. Apatite is a family of minerals, of which the one called fluoapatite is the commonest. Its' hardness is 5, medium hard, and its density is 3.15-3.20 g/cc. It occurs in two principal forms, crystalline apatite, and phosphorite, which is cryptocrystalline. Crystalline apatite is of inorganic origin, while phosphorite is the remains of animal bones. Bones and teeth are made of apatite, a specially hard version of which forms tooth enamel. If there is insufficient fluorine, then the apatite made is faulty, and the teeth are soft and decay easily. Bone is made of hydroxylapatite, but there is fluorapatite in teeth. Phosphates are found in a variety of rare minerals, but never in significant quantities. The generic term for a rock from which phosphorus can be economically produced is phosphate rock.
Elemental phosphorus is produced in electric furnaces by heating phosphate rock, sand and coke. The silica combines with the phosphate rock to give calcium silicate, a slag, and phosphorus pentoxide. The pentoxide is then reduced by the coke to give phosphorus vapor and carbon monoxide. The phosphorus is then condensed and cast into sticks, which are kept under water. The carbon monoxide can be used as a fuel.
Fertilizer, which is a soluble phosphate, is produced by treating phosphate rock with sulphuric acid. Fertilizer used to be made from Florida phosphate rock but that resource is near exhaustion. The largest reserve of phosphorite in the world is in southeastern Idaho and western Wyoming, from the Phosphoria formation of Permian age. The Phosphoria is a widespread formation, consisting of shales, limestones and chert in addition to phosphorite, which is localized in certain areas. It includes oil shales, petroleum, and the black shales that are the source of petroleum. Quite clearly, it was associated with a time of abundant life in shallow seas.
Late Cretaceous landscape backlit by a setting sun.
The end of the Permian, when the Phosphoria was laid down, was also the time of the greatest extinction of life that the Earth has known. Nearly 90% of all life perished for unknown reasons in a geologically brief interval, and the Earth made a new start in the Triassic period that followed.
"My animation of this impact, now widely called the 'K-T Event', can be seen at the Smithsonian's Hall Of Meteors at Washington D.C.'s National Museum of Natural History."
The phosphorite, an unusual deposit, probably records a great dying, when the phosphorus from the bones of countless animals was converted to apatite in a shallow basin that was covered by sediment before the deposit could be dispersed.
Whether or not the Titanomachy myths represent a metaphor for such an event, I will leave up to you.
If you've ever tried to start a fire from scratch, you know it's difficult. If not, try it.
Lighting a fire in the winter.
The challenge is always to get the fire started. Once started, fires often burnt continuously for hours. Because most fires are, and were, built to last, it's not unreasonable to devote some time and effort to the process. There are distinct steps to the process, each step requiring successful completion of the previous one. You need a spark, and you start small and build up, using tinder and then kindling.
In short, you first need a spark, and a spark is not so easily come by. You also need good tinder. Good tinder is essential to fire-lighting. The spark is first caught in the tinder, which causes the tinder to make a small glowing ember. Tinder is dry, powdery, easily-combustible matter. In the past, charred linen made good tinder. Today, dry leaves and rotten wood can be powdered to make tinder (called "punk" in America). This small ember is then turned onto some highly combustible material, such as dried grass or shavings of resinous pine wood, or finely shredded paper. By gently blowing, the temperature of the ember can be raised sufficiently to ignite this material, and a visible flame appears. This "starter" fire can then be used to light the kindling placed beneath the main combustibles; the kindling is usually split sticks of dried wood, or often crumpled newspaper, and it is placed beneath the main combustibles, which are larger pieces of wood or coal that can burn sedately. This effort, to literally "build" up a fire, usually gives you great satisfaction. There's now a cheery fire where before there was only a cold home and a cold wood stove; the radiated heat warms the entire house and every being in it.
Blowing on the fire. 1950 Kampvuurtje maken.
Without steel, sparks are a rare commodity. Fire in villages were usually kept going continuously since they were so hard to light impromptu. Instead of waiting for lightning, friction can be used to create a glowing fragment. The most efficient way to do this is with a drill operated by a bow. A hard wood rod is rapidly rotated back and forth in a soft wood, which provides the tinder automatically. With luck and effort, an ember is created with which a fire can be started. In popular lore, this is "rubbing two sticks together," which greatly depreciates the skill involved.
How to start a fire using friction. Allumer un feu par friction.
Most people today really cannot create a fire from scratch in any way. Today most people use "lighters" containing a little metal alloy held against a wheel by a spring button; this gives off sparks as the wheel goes round, and the sparks are then caught on a wick saturated with a combustible liquid, or the sparks pass near an opening from which combustible gas is issuing.
In the past, every traveller carried a tinder-box containing a piece of steel, a piece of flint, and a supply of reliable tinder. I believe the mechanism worked thus: when the steel was struck against the flint, a small fragment of steel was dislodged and heated by the distortion of the impact, and because finely divided iron catches fire readily in air, it was a burning spark that landed in the tinder. That little glowing granule of tinder is then tipped out onto the kindling, so the fire can be blown into life.
What are these campfire boys cooking?
This should help you understand why humans were so strongly motivated to invent the strike anywhere match.
Oscar J. Friedman, Safety Match Folder Patent Application #US1167990. Patented 11 January 1916.
It is remarkable and wonderfully ironic that the artificial chemical element Promethium is named after Prometheus.
Now, back to our story, hopefully better equipped to make some sense of it.
After Prometheus defies Zeus and brings fire back to humans, Zeus blows his top. He will not tolerate insubordination, even from his elders. He punishes both Prometheus and humans, with a two-fold previously unknown concept of punishment involving interminably cruel and unremitting horror and suffering. For Act One, he chains Prometheus to living hell, and for Act Two, he unleashes synthetic biotoxins on humankind.
For Act One, he orders his two servants, Force and Violence, to chain Prometheus to a rock peak in the Kaukasos, the Caucasus mountains, using unbreakable adamanite chains.
Illustration of Prometheus, from The golden fleece and the heros who lived before achilles Colum, Padraic, 1881-1972 and illustrated by Pogány, Willy, 1882-1955.
For "adamanite chains" you can read "super magnets". Adamanite is magnetite, also known as Lodestone. Lodestones were used as an early form of magnetic compass; magnetite preserves a record of the Earth's magnetic field and this has been much studied ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetite ). This magnetic rock is indigenous to the Calkos region where this story takes place; the area is known for an extensive knowledge of metallurgy and chemistry. Media, as in Jason and The Argonauts, was from this region and she was a master priestess of chemistry (she gets center stage in an upcoming article). Small grains of magnetite occur in almost all igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Prometheus held by a pair of adamantine chains, and the Eagle. Vatican Museum, Rome. Der gefesselte Prometheus mit dem Adler; links sein Bruder Atlas (Trinkschale aus Cerveteri, um 560/550 v. Chr., Vatikanische Museen, Rome).
"Magnetite is a mineral and one of the main iron ores. With the chemical formula Fe3O4, it is one of the oxides of iron. Magnetite is ferrimagnetic; it is attracted to a magnet and can be magnetized to become a permanent magnet itself. It is the most magnetic of all the naturally-occurring minerals on Earth. Naturally-magnetized pieces of magnetite, called lodestone, will attract small pieces of iron."
"A Lodestone is a naturally occurring piece of magnetic iron oxide. It is often bound in a brass frame, and is oriented to place the magnetic poles at the ends. The word magnet comes from the region called Magnesia in Asia Minor. The word lodestone comes from the use of pieces of ore from Norway and Sweden which were suspended and used as guiding or leading stone; the Saxon word Læden means "to lead". When constructing a lodestone, the two natural poles must first be located by the use of iron filings. The stone is then shaped appropriately. The natural poles are on the right-hand side with a soft iron keeper across them."
Zeus dispatches his symbolic Eagle, the Aetos Kaukasios, a.k. a. the Caucasian Eagle, Greek Name Αετος Καυκασιος, transliteration Aetos Kaukasios, Latin name Aquila Caucasium. The Eagle is sent to eat Prometheus's ever regenerating liver every day, because Zeus knows Prometheus's liver regenerates overnight (remember, Prometheus is an immortal Titan). Prometheus is thus supplying the Eagle with an endless supply of take out liver paté.
Heracles, shooting at the Caucasian Eagle to free Prometheus, Athenian skyphos C6th B.C., National Archaeological Museum of Athens.
"Ready-witted Prometheus he [Zeus] bound with inextricable bonds, cruel chains, and drove a shaft through his middle, and set on him a long-winged eagle, which used to eat his immortal liver; but by night the liver grew as much again everyway as the long-winged bird devoured in the whole day. That bird Herakles (Heracles), the valiant son of shapely-ankled Alkmene (Alcmena), slew; and delivered the son of Iapetos from the cruel plague, and released him from his affliction--not without the will of Olympian Zeus who reigns on high, that the glory of Herakles the Theban-born might be yet greater than it was before over the plenteous earth."
A white headed eagle in the nest. Un aigle à tête blanche sort de son nid enneigé.
Avian magnetoreception is a well established scientific fact, although everybody is still very busy guessing how birds do it. Most of the avian magnetoreception theories rely on Earth's magnetic field affecting magnetite Fe3O4 (iron oxide). Several species of birds are known to have magnetite crystals in the dendrites in their upper beaks; with cryptochromes in their retina, they have magnetoreception, the ability to sense the direction, polarity, and magnitude of the ambient magnetic field. There's also evidence that magnetite exists in the human brain but its' role there is a mystery.
President Donald Trump with a live Eagle on his desk.
Birds would have no problem finding Prometheus chained with magnetic chains to a magnetic rock peak. Avian magnetoreception is a fact that cannot have gone unnoticed in the past.
Lightening would find Prometheus were he located on a peak; here lightening strikes the NYC Chrysler Building.
"Many relations are made, and great expectations are raised from the Magnes Carneus, or a Loadstone, that hath a faculty to attract not only iron but flesh; but this upon enquiry, and as Cabeus also observed, is nothing else but a weak and inanimate kind of Loadstone, veined here and there with a few magnetical and ferreous lines, but consisting of a bolary and clammy substance, whereby it adheres like Hæmatites, or Terra Lemnia, unto the Lips. And this is that stone which is to be understood, when Physitians joyn it with Ætites, or the Eagle stone, and promise therein a vertue against abortion."
"The other relation of Loadstone Mines and Rocks, in the shore of India is delivered of old by Pliny; wherein, saith he, they are so placed both in abundance and vigour, that it proves an adventure of hazard to pass those Coasts in a Ship with Iron nails. Serapion the Moor, an Author of good esteem and reasonable Antiquity, confirmeth the same, whose expression in the word magnes is this. The Mine of this Stone is in the Sea-coast of India, whereto when Ships approach, there is no Iron in them which flies not like a Bird unto those Mountains; and therefore their Ships are fastened not with Iron but Wood, for otherwise they would be torn to pieces. But this assertion, how positive soever, is contradicted by all Navigators that pass that way; which are now many, and of our own Nation, and might surely have been controlled by Nearchus the Admiral of Alexander; who not knowing the Compass, was fain to coast that shore."
Wikipedia tells us these facts about Colchis (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colchis ): "The eastern Black Sea region in antiquity was home to the well-developed Bronze Age culture known as the Colchian culture, related to the neighboring Koban culture, that emerged toward the Middle Bronze Age. In at least some parts of Colchis, the process of urbanization seems to have been well advanced by the end of the second millennium BC, centuries before Greek settlement. The Colchian Late Bronze Age (fifteenth to eighth century BC) saw the development of significant skill in the smelting and casting of metals. Sophisticated farming implements were made, and fertile, well-watered lowlands and a mild climate promoted the growth of progressive agricultural techniques."
Russian matchbox showing lightening and a sailing boat.
Ancient versions records the Argonauts seeing the Eagle overhead on its' way to Prometheus; its' massive wing span flies over the boat. Apollonius' Argonautica was based on multiple ancient sources, including Homer and Pindar.
"And now the last recess of the Black Sea opened up and they [the Argonauts] caught sight of the high crags of the Kaukasos (Caucasus), where Prometheus stood chained by every limb to the hard rock with fetters of bronze, and fed an Eagle on his liver. The bird kept eagerly returning to its feed. They saw it in the afternoon flying high above the ship with a strident whirr. It was near the clouds, yet it made all their canvas quiver to its wings as it beat by. For its form was not that of an ordinary bird : the long quill-feathers of each wing rose and fell like a bank of polished oars. Soon after the Eagle had passed, they heard Prometheus shriek in agony as it pecked at his liver. The air rang with his screams till at length they saw the flesh-devouring bird fly back from the mountain by the same way as it came."
"His [Herakles'] comrades [the Argonauts] proceed upon their way; only they wonder from the deep at the wide-flung snow that strews the beaches [i.e. that was cast from the Kaukasos (Caucasus) Mountains when Herakles freed Prometheus from his bonds], at the cloven crags and the huge shadow of a dying bird [the Eagle slain by Herakles] above them and the gory dew that drizzles through the air."
We thus find all these stories intertwining in the same place and overlapping in time; clearly this is the part of the world that's "kicking"; everything worth happening is happening here.
To summarize: Zeus orders Prometheus, a.k.a 'Foresight', chained to a rock using unbreakable adamantine chains, thus foreshortening foresight - foresight is foreshortened. Foresight is out of the game. An Eagle (or raven, depending on who is translating) would come every day to eat his liver (paté). Only a human could kill the Eagle and only a non-human immortal could stand in for Prometheus with death, as his substitute.
The Ancients knew loadstones were black rocks that would attract iron; they knew loadstones attracted lightening. We now know that lightening is a form of electricity and that the objects which attract iron are magnets. We also know how the two phenomena, electricity and magnetism, interact with one another and we make this connection obvious with the word "electromagnetism". We also know that birds navigate using the Earth's geomagnetic field.
If the rock is a lodestone, it would attract lightening. Lightening would strike Prometheus there like a bird striking him "attacking him". As the chains are 'unbreakable' i. e. stubborn, and adamantine i.e. iron, they would be magnetic, and could hold Prometheus there as magnetic 'unbreakable' force. High up on a promontory anywhere, on "jagged rocks", he would be a lightening rod, for all intents and purposes. It's a good thing he's immortal.
Sources disagree about Hercules' timing in all these events, yet all agree on the Chiron-Prometheus exchange, and all agree Hercules frees Prometheus. Hercules, a half-human half-god alloy connected to both elements (Prometheus and Chiron) frees Prometheus, restoring Foresight to the game. Once Prometheus is free, Foresight is possible 'again'.
From all accounts, Zeus sent Pandora to Prometheus's brother the same time he banished Prometheus to the rock. Since the first thing Pandora did was to open her box, we can assume Pandora opened the box during the time Prometheus was chained, when the world of humans was 'without foresight'.
A reprinted map from Ortelius' Parergon of 1624 interpreting the voyage of the Argonauts according to Apollonius Rhodius' Argonautica.
Sources tell us that Hercules uses an arrow, or a volley of arrows, to shoot and kill the bird attacking Prometheus.
A coin from Boeotia depicting Hercules stringing his bow.
After Prometheus is freed, Prometheus, the Eagle, and the Arrow, are placed amongst the stars as the constellations Aquila, the Kneeler and Saggita (as in Sagittarius) the archer's bow (http://www.theoi.com/Ther/AetosKaukasios.html ).
A map depicting the constellation of the eagle: l'aquila.
When Kheiron Chiron replaces Prometheus, he too is placed amongst the stars, as the constellation Centaurus Sagittarius. See http://www.theoi.com/Georgikos/KentaurosKheiron.html. This same resource site also states the constellation Centaurus represents another Centaur: "Pholos was an Arkadian Kentauros (Centaur) who made his home in a cave on Mount Pholoe...The gods rewarded him for his show of hospitality by placing him amongst the stars as constellation Centaurus...". See http://www.theoi.com/Georgikos/KentaurosPholos.html.
A map depicting the constellation of the centaur; sagitta sagittarius.
Hercules also eventually gets his own constellation, later, after completing his last labor.
A map depicting the constellation of Hercules.
Chiron Kheiron was the eldest and wisest of the Kentauroi Centaurs, a Thessalian tribe of half-horse men. The centaur, and their archer's arrow, are the zodiacal signs corresponding to Sagittarius.
Illustration of Chiron Kheiron accepting the responsibility to raise the baby Achilles, from The golden fleece and the heros who lived before achilles Colum, Padraic, 1881-1972 and illustrated by Pogány, Willy, 1882-1955.
The centaurs were archers; the bow and arrow is their weapon. The Prometheus bird, a flying creature, is thus killed by a flying arrow, the Centaur weapon. There is more meaning here than simply "Like attracts like". This part of the myth is not just a "flight of fancy"; it is a metaphor describing a much deeper subjective chemical truth linking subjective states with their very real effects in the real world. Birds actually exist but Centaurs only exist in myths, not in reality. Recall from the introduction that the goal of myths is to render the subjective and abstract in objective terms to which we can more readily relate. According to ancient myth, Chiron's enduring wound was accidentally caused by one of Hercule's arrows; the Centaur was wounded by his own weapon. This part of the myth tells us that subjective states are very real; myths are 'living' stories.
Two young girls testing their bows.
THE PUNISHMENT ACT TWO: BOMBS AWAY!
For Act Two, Zeus has the other gods help him create a time-release bomb of unrelenting evils that he then unleashes on humankind, disguised as an utterly absolutely irresistible god-gifted woman with grave personality faults. This gives new depths of meaning to the terms "irrational", "deadly", and "bombshell".
Light My Lucky, 1985 cigarette advertisement.
Zeus names this bomb "Pandora", derived from the Greek πᾶν, pān, i.e. "all", and dōron, "of gold" or "gift", thus Pandora means "the all-endowed", "the all-gifted" or "the all-giving". Her other name, as inscribed against her figure on a white-ground kylix in the British Museum, is Anesidora, "she who sends up gifts", implying "bring up from below" within the earth. Chthonic indeed.
Pandora is the first synthetic, deliberately engineered as a biotoxin, and handed over to humans as an irresistible "gift". Go Figure.
Chesterfield hearts, 1939 cigarette advertisement.
There are many versions of this part of the story, with variations as to which god bestows what endowment, but all versions agree that all the Olympian gods share complicity in her design, and she is the direct result of their conspiracy. Hesiod, Theogony 590–93 tells us Pandora "was fashioned by Hephaestus out of clay and brought to life by the four winds, with all the goddesses of Olympus assembled to adorn her. "
Zeus sends Pandora to Prometheus' brother, Epimetheus (a.k.a. Hindsight, Afterthought). Pandora-the-bomb arrives, along with her dowery stowed inside a lidded jar. The jar, or box, or trunk, or container, contained every possible mechanism for causing humans interminably cruel, unremitting, horror and suffering. She and her dowry are chemical bombs.
In spite of Prometheus' forewarning, in spite of knowing Pandora is a bomb, Epimetheus falls for Pandora; he's addicted on sight, immediately, if not sooner. In spite of Prometheus warning Epimetheus of the dangers and telling Epimetheus precisely what Pandora is, and to not keep her, Epimetheus (a.k.a. Hindsight, Afterthought) takes one look at Pandora and just keeps her. Hindsight does not have twenty-twenty vision here.
Epimetheus just keeps her. A scene from Mystery Science Theater: "You know, Mike, people can be awfully judgemental about evil."
Framing Epimetheus in this way puts him on an exact par with Pandora; neither of them is what they appear to be, both are false, not "for real" and thus, probably were "made for each other".
According to Hesiod, Epimetheus, ignoring Prometheus's warnings, only understood what he'd done after he'd done it. Hindsight, indeed.
Don't expect perfection from geologists; they all have their faults.
Once accepted by Epimetheus, the first thing Pandora-The-Bomb does, of course, is the job she is designed to do: she opens the jar. Some stories say "her curiosity got the better of her" and some stories say "she slipped". However it happens, all versions agree that as soon as she sees what's coming out, she has 'buyer's remorse" and slams down the lid.
Pandora opens the box. Art Nouveau period illustration by Frederick Stuart Church.
Her actions are fruitless; what's left in the jar was intended by Zeus to end up inside the jar, in just this way. ELIPIS, the Greek word for HOPE, is caught inside, and from there, HOPE can bestow upon humanity its' own forever form of trapped agony, that of denial and disavowal of reality, doomed to disappointment.
"Nietzsche, Friedrich, Human, All Too Human. Cf. Section Two, On the History of Moral Feelings, aph. 71. Hope. Pandora brought the jar with the evils and opened it. It was the gods' gift to man, on the outside a beautiful, enticing gift, called the 'lucky jar.' Then all the evils, those lively, winged beings, flew out of it. Since that time, they roam around and do harm to men by day and night. One single evil had not yet slipped out of the jar. As Zeus had wished, Pandora slammed the top down and it remained inside. So now man has the lucky jar in his house forever and thinks the world of the treasure. It is at his service; he reaches for it when he fancies it. For he does not know that the jar which Pandora brought was the jar of evils, and he takes the remaining evil for the greatest worldly good—it is hope, for Zeus did not want man to throw his life away, no matter how much the other evils might torment him, but rather to go on letting himself be tormented anew. To that end, he gives man hope. In truth, it is the most evil of evils because it prolongs man's torment."
It's no surprise that Pandora disappears from the story after she's dropped as a bomb. We don't hear of her retiring in her old age to some Golden Isle in the Sunshine somewhere. The oldest ancient records just drop her like a hot potato. Later fiddlers, uh scholars, mess with the story by trying to weave into it marrying or having children. Nope. She's just gone, like a bomb after detonation.
Firefighting Kitties. Photo by Harry Whittier circa 1916.
Any way you look at this, Pandora is an addictive synthetic compound created by the Olympian Gods and specifically targeted to slowly poison humankind, in punishment for Prometheus's stealing fire and giving it to humans. Pandora is the first recorded synthetic; she carries a dowry of more of the same with her, and releases this into the world. She prevails in her mission of evil by overwhelming Epimetheus Hindsight/Afterthought, in spite of having been warned by Foresight / Prometheus. No known chemical addiction, including love, behaves differently.
Today, we're all addicted to synthetics.
Deux jeunes enfants boivent et fument à bord d'un bateau en 1955. Robert Doisneau.
"Archaic and Classic Greek literature seem to make no further mention of Pandora, though Sophocles wrote a satyr play Pandora, or The Hammerers of which virtually nothing is known. Sappho may have made reference to Pandora in a surviving fragment (Sappho, fr. 207 in Lobel and Page.). Later, mythographers filled in minor details or added postscripts to Hesiod's account. For example, the Bibliotheca and Hyginus each make explicit what might be latent in the Hesiodic text: Epimetheus married Pandora. They each add that they had a daughter, Pyrrha, who married Deucalion and survived the deluge with him. However, the Hesiodic Catalogue of Women, fragment #5, had made a "Pandora" one of the daughters of Deucalion, and the mother of Graecus by Zeus. The 15th-century monk Annio da Viterbo credited a manuscript he claimed to have found to the Chaldean historian of the 3rd century BC, Berossus, where "Pandora" was also named as a daughter-in-law of Noah; this attempt to conjoin pagan and scriptural narrative is recognized as a forgery."
Obviously, a "literal interpretive crux" endures over this point in the story. The debate is intense and active. Scholars are fixated here, even now debating over how to interpret the word ELIPIS, the Greek word for HOPE; arguing how it should be translated, pointing out it can be rendered in many contradictory ways (including but not limited to hope, expectation, expectant hope, and expectation of evil). Scholars also continue to wax lyrical on whether or not the evils were only bad after they were let out of the jar, something about which we have absolutely no way of ever knowing. They must have a lot of time to waste, as well as the inclination to wrestle over irrelevant things, all of which depend on whether or not myths are to be taken literally. For more on this, see 'Difficulties In Interpretation" at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora (accessed 170809).
Pandora falls out of the story; here she drinks so much, she falls off her own bowl.
Prometheus, on the other hand, has a happier sort of ending, or as much a resolution as can be expected after upholding his beliefs and not capitulating to a new corrupt master. With the help of Hercules, he gets off the hook, uh beak, uh...sorry for the pun.
Prometheus gets off the hook. The wisdom of Piet Hein: "He that lets the small things bind him, leaves the great undone behind him."
However, just as with the dual nature of Giant Fennel, we have dual stories involving the 'rescue' of Prometheus from the Zeus-Liver-Paté-Eagle, and both involve Hercules, a half twin, who is himself a hybrid half-man half-god.
Zeus offers Prometheus two ways out of torment. Both are conditional.
Ever insecure, Zeus wants "foresight" so he can affect his own future. Recall that Prometheus's name means 'Foresight'. What Zeus really wants is for Prometheus to tell him the name of the mother of the child that will eventually dethrone Zeus. Ancient rules, however, require pairs of options, and Zeus must thus propose another alternative.
Being Zeus, he knows which rules he can break, which rules he can't, and how to bend one group into the other. He would make a decent cook. The alternative he proposes requires Prometheus to meet a pair of conditions. Yep. Yet another pair. Interesting. You just have to wonder, who or what is making up these rules that these Gods must follow, and who is checking up on the various configurations? Incidentally, the Standard Model of Physics shows similar patterning. Pairs everywhere; you can see them in the illustration of this above.
The first half of this option pair requires an immortal to volunteer to agree to die in place of Prometheus.
Only immortals can substitute for one another, and immortals can never die, no matter how torn up they get, because they're subject to the immortal-overnight-regeneration rule. However, and here comes the loophole, it seems immortals can volunteer to give up something, and that sometimes, that something can be life itself. One would think we were talking about electrons in chemical bonds forming molecules and making exchanges here.
Zeus stipulates that only an immortal can substitute for Prometheus, and whomever this "immortal substitute" is, they have to give up their immortality, and actually die, by going to Tartarus. Give up chemical bonding, take a trip down under into the bowels of the Earth, to the melting furnace, wearing concrete galoshes. Zeus is certainly stacking the odds in his own favor with this one.
The second half of this option pair stipulates that a mortal has to kill the eagle and unchain Prometheus. Again, Zeus "believes" that this option also stacks the odds in his favor because he knows no mortal can do these things. Doing these things requires a god, or a mortal with god-like powers. Hello?
Well guess who steps up to this plate? Guess who's coming to dinner? Go on, guess. Drum roll here. It's Hercules, a.k.a. Herakles, a.k.a. Heracles, TAH DAH.
Portrait of Hercules, 1589, by Hendrick Goltzius (Netherlandish, Mühlbracht 1558–1617 Haarlem).
Hercules is himself a half-man half-god hybrid, the result of yet another set of twos. His father was Zeus, so he represents one of Zeus's own transgressions, from standard matrimony. Hercules's mother was Alcmene. Alcmene carried Herakles as one half of a pair twins, Heracles and Iphicles, each of whom had been sired by different father.
It's all just Two Two x Two Too much.
Hercules is thus in the not-enviable absolutely unique position of being the only living being capable of meeting both of Zeus's option pair conditions, and on behalf of someone else, partly because he's a result of Zeus, and partly because he's the cause of the answer to the second half of the option. Yep. He's the cause of the option's second half.
As part of Hercules's 12 Labors Celestial Qualifying Exams, taken under his cousin King Eurystheus, Hercules, the half-man half-god hybrid, goes on an excursion to the Caucuses to find the golden apples of the Hesperides. The Argonauts, incidentally, just miss him there. He's also having to clean out the Aegean stables in one day, and he does it, but that's another story.
When Hercules encounters Prometheus chained to the Caucuses rocks, he frees him, kills the Eagle, and thus meets the first of the two paired conditions. By this time, Hercules knows his way around magnets.
Look at Prometheus's double chains this way: two coils of many parallel loops, with currents in the SAME direction, attract each other and act like magnets (particles with spin do also!).
Hercules is also the reason the second paired condition can even be met.
Hercules was responsible for "accidentally" wounding his friend, the immortal physician, Chiron the Centaur, who has subsequently been unable to heal himself and is thus suffering unbearably. That tale deserves it's own analysis and is more than I want to go into here. As usual, details vary all over the place and there's no single definitive telling. But it's necessary to understand the rest of the "story arc" so I'll be very brief here and not get sidetracked. The main source is Scholium on Theocritus (Theocritus, Idyll vii.149).
The story involves a great deal of chemistry, hydraulics, and pneumatics. Hydraulics is an applied science utilizing the mechanical properties of liquids, and fluid motion and flow. Pneumatics is branch of engineering using gas and pressurized air. Both pneumatics and hydraulics are applications of fluid power. Pneumatics uses an easily compressible gas such as air or a suitable pure gas, while hydraulics uses relatively incompressible liquid media such as oil.
The story of Chiron's wound is part of a long story arc; it's inseparable from Hercules's 4th "Labor", fetching the ferocious Erymanthian Boar alive for King Eurystheus.
A boar hunt. Collection of the J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, California. Malibu 86.AE.154, Attic black figure Siana cup, c. 580-570 B.C.
The boar and the centaurs are neighbors, so on his way to fetch the boar, Hercules visits the home-cave of his old friend Centaur Pholus (Pholus means "caveman").
Hercules is carrying arrows whose tips he'd dipped in poisonous Hydra bodily fluids, after killing her (his 2nd labor).
The only liquid Pholus has on hand is a sealed jug of fluid given him by Dionysus Bacchus (god of Rock N' Roll, wine, drugs, riots, and wild parties).
Sources refer to this stuff repeatedly as "wine" however, its' known properties totally belie that description. It's about as similar to wine as psychedelics are to an aspirin. Coming from Dionysus, everyone would know exactly what to expect from it, and any properties, results, and effects, would not come as a surprise.
When Hercules asks for something to drink with dinner, Pholus gives him this stuff. Yep.
The versions claim this was because it was the only thing Pholus had on hand, and he was just being a "good host". Now really, no host in his right mind would serve guest friends psychedelics unbeknownst to them, in lieu of water, or wine. Pholus and Hercules were purportedly very old friends and both of them "knew better", besides Hercules was in the middle of a "mission" and would never have risked being out of commission. It's clear something else is going on here.
This Dionysus-God-given-stuff is loaded with trouble. Just the vapors and fumes from the open bottle are profoundly intoxicating even at great distances. These affect all the centaurs in the area. The resulting chaotic riot is given many silly justifications, including that the centaurs behavior was the result of their being at the mercy of the fumes, or that they were angry at not getting a party invitation, or upset that their wine was being drunk.
None of these various justifications hold water, and in the end, the riot's cause is irrelevant. Hercules shoots his poison arrows at the attacking centaurs. Pholus is inadvertently killed after picking up one of the arrows (in curiosity, say the sources!), and Chiron is also hit. Unlike Pholus, Chiron is immortal (yes, that's another story), so unlike Pholus, Chiron doesn't die from the wound, but lives on in grievous agony, unable to cure or kill himself.
Hercules and the centaur Pholus shaking hands. London B 226, Attic black figure neck amphora, c. 530-510 B.C. Photograph courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum, London.
Chiron is Zeus's half brother, so he's also related to Zeus, and this also makes him Hercules' Half-Uncle. Chiron is the son of Chronos, a.k.a. Kronos, which means 'Time". Chiron, as a Centaur (archer), is also a two-hybrid as is Hercules; Chiron is half-god man, half-horse. They form two sides of the same number line.
Chiron is also similar to Prometheus; by being the son of Chronos/Time and immortal, Chiron is subject to the same immortal-overnight-regeneration rule as Prometheus. Both are stuck living lives forever enduring pain. Neither can succeed at suicide. They're both stuck.
If you were phosphorus trapped in urine, how would you feel?
Hercules suggests Chiron volunteer to die in place of Prometheus, the two immortals agree to substitute for one another, humans get to keep fire, and the two immortals, one of whom is Zeus's brother, Hercules's Uncle, and a hybrid God, are thus saved by a half-man half-god hybrid, Hercules, who would not exist at all were it not for Prometheus creating and protecting humankind in the first place. No small amount of ironic chemistry this.
The Centaur Pholus, Heracles and Hermes, Athenian black-figure amphora C6th B.C., British Museum. Photograph courtesy of the British Museum, London.
Let's try this idea on for size. Brass alloys require copper and zinc, and both elements are listed as known and available in Antiquity. The Brass alloy proportions of zinc and copper can be varied to create a range of brass alloys with varying properties and all are substitutional alloys because copper and zinc atoms, the two primary constituents, can replace each other within the same crystal structure. They can 'stand in' for one another to some extent, so to speak, but not conveniently because copper and tin ores do not usually occur in the same places (they do in Cornwall, but bronze did not come from there). It's not an easy straight swap.
This trade off between Chiron and Prometheus, orchestrated by Hercules, may well be a metaphor for some such inconvenient but possible chemistry trade off. In chemistry, a substitution reaction (also known as single displacement reaction or single replacement reaction) is a chemical reaction during which one functional group in a chemical compound is replaced by another functional group.
Ancient sources for tin were scarce. Not only is tin a relatively rare element in the Earth's crust, tin deposits are few and far between. Tin had to be traded over long distances to meet demand for it in areas lacking deposits of it. I can find a lot of guesses about how these alloys might have been discovered, however there are no early metallurgy records and common sense conjecture is all we have to go on.
It's no coincidence that the alchemical symbol for Tin (Sn, 50) is Jupiter, a.k.a. Zeus.
The alchemical symbol for Tin (Sn, 50) is the symbol for Jupiter, Jove, Zeus.
The Greek equivalent word for the Latin Aes for copper was calkos, "chalcos," named after the copper mines at Chalcis in Euboea. This word stem is often found referring to copper, most notably in mineralogy. "Chalcopyrite" is copper pyrites. The word was also applied to iron, long before the coining of "sideros." The word for steel is caluy, clearly related to chalcos. The Phoenicians, and others, worked copper mines and smelters in Cyprus, Kupris. Venus, or Aphrodite, the Kupris, was born there, always loved the island, and was its' patron. She is very often referred to as Cypris. The word "cuprium" could have come either from the island or the goddess, and it's impossible to make a distinction. This fact supports Media as a priestess of this Goddess, having an extensive working knowledge of chemistry. The word cuprum was probably later Latin; it gave us the chemical symbol Cu for copper. The alchemical symbol was the sign of Venus, the circle atop a cross. The Phoenicians were surely the ones who spread the knowledge and use of copper around the Mediterranean and they probably kept their metallurgical procedures secret.
The fact that pure copper and its alloys were not distinguished in ancient words shows that a fundamental difference was not appreciated. Our recognition of chemical elements is recent, and quite foreign to earlier thought. Most ancient "copper" is indeed bronze, containing tin but also lead and zinc. The alloys have a somewhat lower melting point than pure copper, and would be easier to work, besides being much harder, and more usable as tools and weapons. Zippe concludes from the various names of copper, and its' alloys used by different peoples, that there was probably multiple discoveries of its' smelting. He also remarks, quite to the point, that it is just as possible that a source of a metal was named after the metal, as that the metal was named after a place.
The alchemical symbol for Copper (Cu, 29) is the symbol for Venus Aphrodite.
Hercules, after solving over a dozen impossible tasks that we know of, and having a very difficult life by his own choosing, sails with the Argonauts, travels with them as far as Colchis according to ancient sources, and finally earns his own cap and gown, and celestial constellation. Now you can see him up in the sky at night.
Prometheus gets off the hook; foresight is back in the game, but too late to prevent Pandora. What does this imply? To play fair here I have to stick to my own rules, and apply science and chemistry metaphors. Prometheus has exchanged places with Chiron. Pandora has loosed synthetic biotoxins on humankind and the myths have no further use for her. If this were chemistry, we'd have a substitution reaction, implying that Pandora's synthetics will force humans to also exchange, i.e. change, inexorably.
The Centaur archer Chiron, a half-god half horse existing only in myths, has gone on to greener pastures, and he has a place in the heavens as a celestial constellation.
Now you can see them all as constellations in the sky at night.
Since Centaurs are only real in myths, Chiron's a representative of the subconscious. Hercules uses an archer's subconscious arrows to both kill the bird and to free Prometheus; subconscious arrows can have real effects. It's also no coincidence that the wound from which Chiron suffers and cannot heal was made by a poison arrow, shot by Hercules. From this I would have to say that what you can't see can hurt you. Beware The Internet; it shoots poison arrows, and they will hurt you.
Zeus pouts. Were it not for humankind, he would have nobody left to play with; nobody would be available for his "transgressions", i.e. his chemical compound experiments. One wonders why he's complaining. A.k.a. Jupiter, Zeus is left to quit while he's ahead, and he never does learn the name of the mother of the child who eventually dethrones him, not until long after the deed is done. His Jupiter symbol ends up as the alchemical symbol for tin.
See what happens when we stretch these mythical analogies a little further by mapping them into the ancients' knowledge of science and the elements? These myths unpack themselves very nicely into remarkably straight-forward chemistry. Upcoming: The Golden Fleece, aurophilicity, and the chemistry behind Media's Deadly Wedding Dress.


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You may experience a strong incentive to move ahead, and you can initiate projects that are far reaching and can bring you lasting satisfaction. What you plan now may be due to a strong craving which can cause you to reach further than normal; you tend to want success more than before. Typically you won?t settle for less, and sometimes you want more than you can handle. Although overactive desires can cause you to exceed your limits, this cycle helps you to move past boundaries, especially when driven by a strong need to expand your influence.
Often the effect of this cycle is on external conditions where your appetite for physical well-being can be greatly enhanced. What you start now can bring prosperity, although the results sometimes depend on the motivation. A driving passion to improve yourself and others can bring about significant progress. When fear lies at the core of your pursuits, you can still be triumphant when completely fixated on a goal. That same obsession, however, can incur substantial debts if your tunnel vision is misguided. You can help to ensure that choices you make now are in your best interest by taking full advantage of the range of opportunities that this period can offer.
Not only does this provide the impetus for reward out in the world, but it also can deepen your understanding of fulfillment. To the extent that fulfillment is missing in certain areas of your life, this interval often produces profound changes in how you achieve it. You may eliminate previous acquisitions that no longer have an appeal as the need for enjoyment may compel you to reevaluate what you possess. Realizing that material benefits are not always enough to sustain you, you may look elsewhere for more lasting satisfaction. Travel and learning can have a major impact providing you with positive experiences that can redefine your meaning of success.
If you ordinarily demonstrate confidence, it typically is much more pronounced during this cycle. You tend to believe whatever you undertake will be to your advantage, and it often is because you are so unshakeable in your optimism. Being skeptical by nature, this period can assist in rebuilding your trust that all will work out since advancement often happens regardless of whether you want to move forward or not. Generally what you meet along the way is favorable, particularly when you are heading in the right direction. If not, you likely must readjust at this time to prosper.
This is a very powerful time in your life when you can achieve almost anything you put your mind to, but you may experience strong opposition to your efforts. Your optimism and confidence are very high and you have enough physical energy and endurance to push your efforts through to completion. You also have a stronger sense of justice and a need to defend the traditional principles that guide your life, but you may feel the need to inflict your personal philosophy on other people or expect them to live up to your standards. You may take on the job of reforming or enlightening those around you, which they’ll strongly resist if you show little concern for their right to believe what they choose. Events during this time may show you that your opinions are right, but may also reveal where there are flaws in your thinking. You may be forced to re-evaluate your basic belief system, whether it involves spiritual and religious principles or your beliefs regarding politics, patriotism or social justice. If you work for the good of the whole you’ll likely succeed in your efforts, but if you’re only concerned with promoting your own beliefs in order to gain power, you’ll encounter difficulties and strong opposition. Know that you have an opportunity to enrich the lives of other people now, which will benefit you in the process. You’re ready to open up to a new level of understanding of the world around you and may pursue an intense educational project. Travel is also very likely now, especially foreign travel or visiting places you’ve never been before, which will also broaden your perspective on how other people experience life.


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Kodiak's cria are showing well, taking Color Champion after Color Champion. His yearling TB female took a Reserve Color Champion at Nationals, his juvi TB female took a Color Champion at Buckeye, and his medium fawn male took a blue at Nationals and a Color Champion at the Wisconsin show.
The 2015 show season began with Kodiak cria taking home Color Champion and Reserve Color Champion. To top it off, Kodiak won first for Get of Sire, and Lisa took a blue in Breeder's Best of Three with three Kodiak TB female cria! Add to that, Kodiak showed as an almost six year old and won Color Champion as well as a blue! Amanda loved his staple, fineness, uniformity, density, conformation, and true black color!
At 5 years of age, Kodiak took two blues and a Reserve Color Champion! Peter loved this solid macho male, his square frame, teddy bear head, amazingly fine, uniform and dense fleece. Kristin Burhmann confirmed!
This is an incredible male! We are thrilled to share ownership with DG Alpacas of Ohio and Alpacas Del Valle Cereza of California. Kodiak comes from a long line of champions who produce champions. His sire is CPeruvian Axion Jaxon. Kodiak's dam is AVC 20th Century Fox who is sired by 6Peruvian Accoyo Titan. She also carries Accoyo Camilio behind her.
Not only is Kodiak genetically packed, he has perfect conformation. Kodiak is a compact male with large straight bone structure. His bite is perfect, and if you look at his photos you can he is gorgeous.
As for his fiber, it is not often you come across a true black with NO white fibers. Kodiak is solid black with uncompromising fineness, density, and uniformity of micron and crimp.
Confirmed BVDV negative. Breedings will be limited.
McKala has beautiful soft fleece with bundles of crimp cascading throughout her blanket. Her fleece has a high frequency crimp style with pencil bundling and webbing throughout. She has soft rolling skin all down her neck and all along her back. Her bone structure is dense, with powerful straight legs. Her conformation is flawless, with compact stature. McKala's coverage is COMPLETE! Her density is untopped, with crack even on the cheeks of her face. McKala's light fawn color is uniform. McKala has a topknot that spills over in from of her eyes framing her small beautiful face forcing her to angle her head up to see.
McKala is a champion producing foundation female! Confirmed BVDV negative.

industry_corpus2: Agriculture & Fisheries


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This is contained in a statement signed by the General Manager, Public Affairs of the NPA, Capt. Iheanacho Ebubeogu, and made available to newsmen in Lagos.
The statement said a conducive working environment of mutual benefit to both the management and operations of the two organisations was necessary to achieving the goal for enhancing the revenue at ports.
The NPA boss, according to the statement, said the cooperation between the organisations would improve performances to reduce vessel turnaround time and lower cargo dwell time.
This, he said, would to in turn, reduce the cost of doing business in the nation’s ports, even as the concessioning regime since 2006 increased activities at the ports.
The statement said Abdullahi also called for both agencies’ collaboration in ensuring proper security at the ports, especially the entrances.
The managing director appealed to officers and men of the NCS to support the new customs boss, to ensure the success of his tenure, it said.
According to the statement, the comptroller general earlier solicited the support and cooperation of the NPA to ensure its improved performance help the customs generate the necessary revenue.

industry_corpus2: Transportation