text:
Calvinism and 2 Peter 2:1?
But false prophets also arose among the people, just as there will also be false teachers among you, who will secretly introduce destructive heresies, even denying the Master who bought them, bringing swift destruction upon themselves (NASB-95).
(Compare the use of the word "Master" rather than " Lord" in the ASB, Darby, ESV, HCSV, ISV, NET, NLT, WEV, YLT, etc.).
False teachers were already in the visible (see below) Church (2 Pet. 2:13 and note the present tense of the verbs in 2 Pet. 2:17; 3:5). The Greek term hairesis originally referred in a neutral sense to groups or sects and was used by Paul of divisive groups ("factions"; Gal 5:20). However, it soon came to denote the specific teachings of such groups that departed from the truth of the Gospel. Here teachings regarding Christian conduct were probably in view - conduct that placed the teachers under eschatological judgment (2 Pet. 2:3). See WCF 23.4.
The phrase "denying the sovereign Lord who bought them" is often misinterpreted (cf. Jude 1:4). Some like Henry Alford maintain, "No assertion of universal redemption can be plainer than this" (Alford's Greek Testament: An Exegetical and Critical Commentary, 5th ed., 4 vols. (1875; Grand Rapids: Guardian, 1976), vol. 4, pt. 2, p. 402). However, seeing these brought upon themselves "swift destruction" (2 Pet. 2:1) reveals that this cannot be the correct meaning, because if Jesus had given these false teachers eternal life, they would never have fallen away; as those people to whom Jesus has given eternal life "shall never perish" (John 10:28; also see Rom. 8:29-30, 32-35; Eph. 1:3-14).
So, Peter did not say that those for whom Christ died could actually lose their salvation (John 10:28-29; Rom 8:28-39).
What does the phrase "the sovereign Lord who bought them" mean?
These false teachers could have been bought in the sense that their association with the Church provided an escape from the corruption of the world. 2 Peter 2:20 makes this point stating, "For if, after they have escaped the defilements of the world through the knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, they are again entangled in them and overcome, the last state has become worse for them than the first." (remember Ham, who was a member of the church was also lost [2 Pet 2:5] and Lot's wife in too [2 Peter 2:7-8]).
The elect's name were placed with the Lamb's Book of Life before the foundation of the world (Rev 13:8; 17:8 cf. Matt 15:34) - long before they were ever born. It should be noted that Christ was chosen for them at the same time (1 Pet 1:20).
The elect's name may NEVER be removed from the Lamb's Book of Life.
However, the Lamb's Book of Life contains more than just the elect's name. It also contains some of the non-elect. It contains some of God's acts of providence, as opposed to those predestined (Eph 1:4-5, 11), which would include some that are non-elect too. Because providence is mutable (changeable), one's standing before God can change from a providential perspective. This allows that some people may receive God's favor for a time even though they are not saved (e.g. Heb 11:20; 12:16). It also allows that some people may be included for a time among the sanctified ranks of the Church, even though they ultimately perish (e.g. 1 Cor 7:14; Heb 10:26-31).
Unbelievers who are in the Lamb's Book of Life in the process of time WILL BE blotted out (Psa 69:28; Rev 3:5). Please see "Losing Your Salvation" for more detail on this point.
If we view the whole of chapter of Psalm 69, we observe the differences between the character of the two types of people. The elect are those, who are saved (Psa 69:1), who know somewhat the depths of their own depravity (Psa 69:2-3), who are hated by those who do not know God (Psa 69:4), who desire (a desire given only at rebirth 1 Cor 2:14; Rom 8:6-8, etc.) to be known (that is have a relationship) with God (Psa 69:5), who endure persecution for the sake of that relationship (Psa 69:6-12), who continuously pray for mercy, grace, and deliverance (Psa 69:13-21, 29, 32-33), who hate evil and believe in God's sovereignty to deal with unbelievers, evil, and sin (Psa 69:22-28), who are thankful to God (Psa 69:30), who desire to please God (Psa 69:31), who look for his coming again (Psa 69:34-36).
Anything worthy or good in the elect noted above is given by grace alone by means of God's unchangeable predestination, election, and calling of them to eternal life (cf. Eph. 1:4-5, 11; John 6:44, 65; Rom. 8:28-30, etc.).
A related solution is found in two Greek words and their respective contexts: (1) "bought" (agorazo) and (2) "Master" or "Lord" (despotes).
Agorazo (to buy; redeem, acquire, by a ransom or price paid) is used 30 times in the New Testament. It can be used to refer to being bought in the sense of redemption (1 Cor. 6:20; 1 Cor. 7:23; Rev. 5:9; 14:3, 4). However, in the other 25 uses in the NASB it is translated in a secular sense meaning to purchase an item such as a field (Matt. 13:44), a pearl (Matt. 13:46), or food (Luke 9:13), (cf. Matt. 21:12; 25:9; Mark 15:46; Luke 22:36; John 6:5 Rev. 13:17, etc.). The overwhelming number of uses in the New Testament are non-redemptive in scope.
...of its thirty occurrences in the New Testament, agorazo is never used in a salvation context (unless 2 Peter 2:1 is the exception) without the technical term "price" (times - a technical term for the blood of Christ) or its equivalent being stated or made explicit in the context (cf. I Cor. 6:20; 7:23; Rev. 5:9; 14:3, 4).
While this is significant, the use of the term "Master" or "Lord" is as well.
Do you thus repay the Lord, you foolish and senseless people? Is not he your father, who created you, who made you and established you?
(note that Peter also alludes to Deut. 32:5 in 2 Pet. 2:13 making this connection even clearer).
The use of "Lord" (Master) as the one who "created," "made," and "established" is significant. As seen from its context, this word emphasizes God (or Christ) as sovereign ruler over the earth and the one who creates and establishes all things. This connection also seems to be consistent with the fact that Peter refers to the one denied as "Lord" (Greek: despotes meaning Lord, or Master), not "kurios" (Greek: Lord) as we might expect if spiritual redemption by the blood of Christ were in view.
'Is not he your Father who has bought you?'... Peter is drawing an analogy between the past false prophets who arose among the Jews and those who will be false teachers within the churches to which he writes... From the time of the exodus onward, any Jewish person would have considered himself or herself one who was 'bought' by God in the exodus and therefore a person of God's own possession... So the text means not that Christ had redeemed these false prophets, but simply that they were rebellious Jewish people (or church attenders in the same position as rebellious Jews) who were rightly owned by God because they had been bought out of the land of Egypt (or their forefathers had), but they were ungrateful to him.
Jesus, the Shepherd of the sheep, will lose no genuine sheep (John 10), but there are also wolves among the sheep (Matt. 7:15; Acts 20:29). By false teaching and practicing immorality (2 Pet. 2:2, 10, 13-15, 18-19), these false teachers continue to treat with disdain, scorn, and contempt the lordship of Christ and thus belied their own spurious profession of faith (1 John 2:3-6, 19). They are condemned goats, not sheep (Matt 25:31-46). See "What is Reprobation?" below.
Calvinism and Ezekiel 18:32; 33:11?
Calvinism and 2 Corinthians 5:14-15, 19?
Calvinism and 1 Timothy 2:4, 6?
Calvinism and 1 Timothy 4:10?
Calvinism and 2 Peter 3:9?
Calvinism and 1 John 2:2?
Is Strong's Concordance a good Bible dictionary?

industry_corpus2: Others


text:
An external evaluation. The external evaluation will serve as reference for the next strategic planning process.
Monitoring is the routine collection and analysis of [data or] information to track progress against set plans and check compliance to establish standards (IFRC, 2011). It is generally conducted by internal team. Evaluation is an examination of progress attained, the relevance and fulfillment of results, as well as the efficiency, effectiveness, impact (overall goal), financial viability, and sustainability of an organization or a project/program (CCC, 2014) by applying research methodologies. It is generally commissioned by external consultant.


text:
Who Are You Looking For In Hillsboro, Ohio?
Run a search by name for anyone in Hillsboro, Ohio & get free white pages information instantly. Hillsboro, Ohio white page directory listings include full name, phone number and address.


text: The Yocan Loaded Wax Vape Pen, which with compact and discreet design, fits in the palm of your hand,pocket-friendly.the newly designed loaded is built with an extendable mouthpiece for a cleaner way to enjoy vaping, protect the mouthpiece and set you apart from the rest. the loaded vape pen with the brand new method to replace the coil heads. the base of atomizer is magnetic,just put out the door aside,simply take the coil out from the chamber and put the new coil into the chamber.there are two coil heads packed in the wax vape kit,the quad coil by using 4 quartz rod coils,made for giant clouds and hits,perfect for cloud chasers which is hard to come by. the QDC coil(quartz dual coil) provides with the purest experience, guarantees a crystal clean and smooth essence. the yocan loaded built-in 1400mah battery, which can be charged by connecting to a wall adapter or power bank via micro USB cable. the loaded features 100% removable magnetic silicone jar, this dual compartment silicone jar provides enough room to carry two different types of your concentrates at once, helps keep all of your amenities together for ultimate portability.


text:
Disney Princess Addition & Subtraction Workbook plus one set each Disney Princess Addition Flash Cards and Disney Princess Subtraction Flashcards.
36 page workbook features a delightful Disney Princess character on every page!
Addition and Subtraction cards are 36 card sets. Each card features a picture of a Disney Princess! Each card has the answer on the opposite side in the bottom right corner.
Disney Princess Addition & Subtraction Workbook plus one set Each and every Disney Princess Addition Flash Cards and Disney Princess Subtraction Flashcards. 36 page workbook includes a delightful Disney Princess character on each page! Addition and Subtraction cards are 36 card sets. Each and every card includes a picture of a Disney Princess! This set will lend a hand your child with easy addition and subtraction facts. Each and every card has the solution at the opposite side within the bottom right corner. This workbook and flash card set makes studying addition and subtraction facts amusing with the Disney Princesses!
Disney Princess Addition & Subtraction Workbook plus one set Each and every Disney Princess Addition Flash Cards and Disney Princess Subtraction Flashcards.
36 page workbook includes a delightful Disney Princess character on each page!
Addition and Subtraction cards are 36 card sets. Each and every card includes a picture of a Disney Princess! Each and every card has the solution at the opposite side within the bottom right corner.
This set will lend a hand your child with easy addition and subtraction facts.
This workbook and flash card set makes studying addition and subtraction facts amusing with the Disney Princesses!

industry_corpus2: Subject Education


text:
This holiday season, some of the biggest online retailers are ready to give Amazon a run for its money. Giants like Wal-Mart, Jet.com, and Costco, along with Facebook Inc. and other social media platforms have created alternative channels for marketplace sellers. These new channels are not only creating more avenues for listing products, and pushing promotional offerings, but also an expansive marketplace to get more exposure.
According to Mamnani, online retailers are often intimidated by the prospect of selling on these different channels. But he says there are several steps they can take to fully leverage the different channels available to them.
First, they should firm up their entire technology stack. “Stress test your operational workflows, make sure you don’t have any break-points in your orders management, inventory tracking, shipping or bookkeeping.,” he says.
Webgility’s platform Unify, for example, allows sellers to track, sync, and understand the data from all channels and all angles—including revenue, expenses, fees, shipping costs, inventory, returns—in one place, according to Mamnani. “Webgility makes it possible for sellers to stop all the data entry, reduce errors and inefficiencies , and optimize their entire multichannel ecommerce business with automation,” he says.
Mamnani points to several online retailers who have seen success using Unify. Emergency food and survival gear company Product Bahn, for example, decreased its order processing by 50% when it integrated Unify. Loving Guidance, an educational materials retailer, reduced processing time from two weeks to one day and has been able to maintain accurate inventory and accounting after using the solution. And with Unify, cycling and clothing company Club Ride Apparel saves more than 50 hours each month on data entry, has increased order volume by 20%, and now fully processes orders in one hour.

industry_corpus2: Computing & Telecommunications


text:
my Father used to teach me some minor etiquette how to walk & behave when I was hardly 6-7 years young boy…..
Walk straight & always Look at the goodness in everything.
Always look down to see the needy and lend a helping hand .
while talking look straight in to the 👀 eyes and be affirmative in your talks.
Your body language should speak what you are…..
Small things taught at the right time in our childhood brings a lot of change the way we perceive the things/situations on our daily life . (if taken care of by our parents).
My Mom used say…used to say…,.
Be full of gratitude for the small things in your life and always be humble to those who have done the smallest favour to you in your life.
Always be generous for those who wont have much…because every body takes care of the have’s and no one to look after the have not’s.
If You have got enough money/wealth always go for a charity without any expectations in return .
Few words for my Blogging friends from my heart….in the loving memory of my late Father & Mother.
Very beautiful and heartfelt post Sibananda! It is so true that our parents words and memories stay with us and we have to be so thankful for raising us with such good values.
You are very much right and I miss my parents both a lot.
Awesome film! Cannot wait to see it! What software do you use for editing the film?
India 🇮🇳 or abroad ?
Do you permit it ?
Have you read my blog “happiness be a habit” ?
I just recalled some preachings by my parents though both of them are no more.
That’s very true. Lovely of you to share.
Good dedication to mom and dad..
And you find that we apply them to our lives as we journey..
their love and virtues make us the person we are today….
I am sure they would smile if they would read that post and love the fact that you are spreading their words and kind thoughts.
Sometimes their sweet memories let me to think on the past days of my own childhood.


text:
Anywayanyday offers a convenient search for flights from Beef Island: we help find a flight and book a ticket for a chosen date.
Anywayanyday.com allows to book and buy cheaper air tickets from Beef Island: Anywayanyday engine compares flight options from 800 air lines and finds the cheapest tickets from Beef Island.
Beef Island is located in British Virgin Islands.
Info on local area code, time zone, currency in British Virgin Islands - refer to the widget above, to the right from the map.
Continent British Virgin Islands is located on: Америка.
Name of the city in English: Beef Island.
Name of the city in German: Beef Island.
Name of the city in Ukrainian: Біф-Айленд.
Prepare for your departure from Beef Island: Learn about the local weather – look for the weather widget above, to the left from the map.
Direct flight is the most convenient way of travelling from Beef Island. More on air carriers that offer flights from this city you find lower in the corresponding section.
In case it is for some reason impossible to buy a ticket for a direct flight to Beef Island, there is always a second option – connecting flights.
Try to buy tickets from Beef Island in advance to be able to find the optimal solution – by price, transfers and other parameters.
Choose the suitable airport for connecting flights from Beef Island. On anywayanyday.com you can filter flight options by connections: direct flights only or connecting flights only.
After you have bought a ticket from Beef Island, find yourself a nice hotel option there on anywayanyday.com: look for hotels by stars, location, services offered, TripAdvisor rating, accommodation type, payment method and other parameters.
Compare the cheapest hotels in Beef Island in the "Hotels" section on anywayanyday.com.
If you have some time left till your flight from Beef Island, it is a good idea to visit other cities in British Virgin Islands. Plan your trip to surrounding locations now: look for hotels in this section on anywayanyday.com.
After you have bought tickets from Beef Island, plan your trip so that you can organize your holiday there in advance: meet the city on your trip, visit all museums, galleries, monuments, and other sights and curios places worthy of your attention. We tell about sights in Beef Island and other places in the world popular with tourists in Anywayanyday emails and on social networks.
While visiting British Virgin Islands, remember that there are a lot more than one city in this country: visit other places and have a close look at sights. About local sights as well as about sights in other cities of British Virgin Islands you are welcome to learn on our public pages in social networks and in our regular emails.
Plan your itinerary very carefully, before you start looking for tickets. Beef Island is a city surrounded with places you might fing curious.
If you have a chance, by all means visit other countries of that region in the vicinity of British Virgin Islands, while on your trip: visit new lands or come back to places you have loved since long ago. In order not to miss any really interesting places, subscribe to Anywayanyday pages in social networks and our emails: often, we tell about sights in different parts of the world.
Many airlines have regular special offers for flights from Beef Island. Follow such special offers in our social networks. Besides, we often inform you about such sales and special fares in our weekly emails.
In order to be able to buy cheapest air tickets from Beef Island, just follow these simple recommendations.
Second, travelling experience of Anywayanyday clients shows that it is not the direct flights from Beef Island that are cheapest, but the connecting flights.
Six, do not forget – air fares from Beef Island vary significantly depending on the date, so always check the fares for at least several neighboring dates. Thus, you might come across an air ticket from Beef Island that is significantly cheaper.
But here is the main advice: do your best to book the ticket in advance: Beef Island is in high demand.
The fare depends on the time of flight: the earlier, the cheaper. Besides, the fare depends on the day of the week. That is why it is so important to compare fares for several dates, rather than for just one – this is how you might be lucky to find a fare for a flight from Beef Island that is significantly cheaper.
If it was not possible to find a cheap and suitable air ticket from Beef Island, consider an alternative - you can fly from Beef Island to some other city nearby and then your final destination from there. Perhaps, it will help you organize your trip in the optimal manner. Besides, this is how you not only save on expenses and reach your travel goal, but also perhaps meet a new city you have never been to before.
Compare flights from Beef Island to various cities and choose the option you like most.
If you have not found any suitable flights from Beef Island to your destination, there is always the option of finding flights from other cities in British Virgin Islands. You can reach a city close to Beef Island and then reach your destination from there. This is how you not only save on expenses and reach your travel goal, but also perhaps meet a new city.
Compare fares from Beef Island to your destination and fares from other cities in British Virgin Islands. Such comparison might let you find a fare cheaper then fares from Beef Island.
The fare from Beef Island may depend not only the departure/arrival date and time, but also on the carrier. Compare prices from various carriers that offer flights from Beef Island and choose the one you like most.
For certain destinations, it is possible to exchange air tickets on Anywayanyday without involving the support service – such ticket is marked "Online exchange". If you see on your ticket from Beef Island such mark, it means that you can exchange your ticket very promptly.
However, other refunds and exchanges for tickets from Beef Island and other destinations are also very quick and painless. Anywayanyday support works round the clock, no days-off: the call-centre employees will help you exchange or refund your ticket from Beef Island any time.
Naturally you can find and buy air tickets from Beef Island not only on anywayanyday.com, but also with our mobile apps – for iOS, Android and Windows Phone 8. Mobile apps offer to exchange or refund tickets and many other features: insurance policies, Aeroexpress train tickets, etc.

industry_corpus2: Travel & Geography


text:
A Chat 1-1 Conversation is a distinct Conversation by default. You can not add participants to a Chat 1-1 Conversation.
If you pass userIds with more than one user id, the Conversation is created as a Group Chat Conversation.
You can add or remove participants to/from a Conversation.
If a Conversation is created as a distinct Conversation, it's unique on Stringee server. This means, multiple users independently create distinct Conversations with the same set of users, the server will automatically merge the conversations.
Once a Distinct Conversation has been created between User A and User B, any further attempts by either of these users to create a new Distinct Conversation with these participants will get resolved to the existing Conversation.
Conversations are created as non-distinct Conversations by default.
isDistinct = true -> Distinct Conversations.
isDistinct = false -> Non-Distinct Conversations.
To leave a Conversation, you remove yourself from the Conversation.
In case the Conversation is Group Chat, you must leave the Conversation before deleting.


text:
Lake Mary, Florida law enforcement arrested a 43-year-old woman for DUI while she stood in the pick up line at a Florida Elementary School. Unfortunately, this was not the first time this woman had been arrested for DUI, as it has been reported that the defendant has three prior DUI arrests.
The report went on to detail that police were initially called because the woman crashed into a lead vehicle in the pick up line at the school. The police indicated that roadside field sobriety exercises were given and that she performed “miserably”. One eyewitness reported that the woman fell forward while attempting to walk a straight line heel-to-toe.
In Florida, if her three previous DUI arrest all resulted into convictions, she will likely be charged with a third degree Felony DUI. Unlike her previous misdemeanor DUIs, this Felony DUI can ultimately land her in up to five years state prison and permanently revoke her driver’s license.
If you or a family member has been charged with a Felony or Misdemeanor DUI and need a lawyer in Florida, contact the DUI defense attorneys at Whittel & Melton at 1-866-608-5529 or online.

industry_corpus2: Law & Justice


text:
Hazza, lovely bowl, a nice shiny shellawax finish.
I have a mate who turns small bowls/dishes that he sells or gives away as sauce dishes.
I don't think it's Olive Harry, it might be (euc roadusbesideus), good job anyway.

industry_corpus2: Hospitality & Catering


text:
Just ten days before the April 15 tax deadline, the General Accounting Office of the Congress released a study detailing taxes corporations avoid. Almost two-thirds of companies paid no taxes between 1996 and 2000, years during which their profits were increasing. Colgate-Palmolive, for example, paid no taxes, with 1.6 billion dollars in profits from 1996 to 2000; Microsoft, with a profit of 12.3 billion dollars in 1999, paid no taxes. The official tax on corporate profits was almost 40%, but the vast majority of the big corporations paid less than 5% of their profits in taxes in those years. This is less than every worker pays in federal taxes, as we know too well.
Today John Kerry says he wants to change the law to prohibit the use of tax havens, but in turn he proposes to lower the overall tax rate on corporate profits. This would continue still more to lower the share that taxes on profits make up of all U.S. tax revenues. Corporate taxes were 23% of the taxes in the mid 1960s and down to only 7% in 2002.
While taxes fall on profits, the politicians find new ways to get money out of us. There are all kinds of new excise taxes and fees. Anyone who has a cell phone, an automobile or a home can testify to this. While the majority of corporations making profits pay nothing, we are being overwhelmed with taxes and fees to not only make up the difference, but also to hand over more money to them in the form of subsidies.
This is truly government of the rich, by the rich and for the rich.

industry_corpus2: Finance & Economics


text:
Five Finger Death Punch have released a new music video for their latest single, “When the Seasons Change.” The track appears on the group’s latest album, And Justice for None, which dropped earlier this year.
The band has dedicated the clip to hard-working police officers and first responders across the globe, including a hometown hero of the band, U.S. Army veteran and Las Vegas police officer Charleston Hartfield, who passed away in the 2017 Las Vegas mass shooting after using his body to shield and save others from the onslaught of bullets. Watch the music video below.
Five Finger Death Punch recently donated $95,000 of the ticket sales from their summer tour with Breaking Benjamin to C.O.P.S.-Concerns of Police Survivors, which helps rebuild the lives of survivors and co-workers affected by line-of-duty deaths. Breaking Benjamin donated $95,000 to Prevent Child Abuse America, which promotes services that improve child well-being and develops programs that help to prevent all types of abuse and neglect.
Five Finger Death Punch and Breaking Benjamin will hit the road together again this fall, and the tour also features Bad Wolves and In Flames appearing on select dates, with From Ashes to New. Find tour dates here.

industry_corpus2: Film & Entertainment


text:
You can never have too much storage space in your bedroom, and this five drawer chest will give you plenty more for all of your clothing and accessories. The piece is constructed from oak veneers over hardwood solids in either an umber or gray wash finish. For storage, you receive five spacious drawers with the bottom being cedar-lined and all the rest felt-lined.
The Precision 5 Drawer Chest with Cedar and Felt Lined Drawers by Riverside Furniture at Value City Furniture in the New Jersey, NJ, Staten Island, Hoboken area. Product availability may vary. Contact us for the most current availability on this product.

industry_corpus2: Real Estate & Construction


text:
There was a news in past few weeks that the system vulnerability which affected certain Exynos devices. And it could make it easy for Apps without your permission to gain root access. But solution is there for this mess and it is all possible because of XDA Developers member Chainfire.
In this method instead of flashing and doing other stuffs with Odin, you use only APK. An App so called ExynosAbuse, developed by Chainfire and based off the exploit that XDA Developers member alephzain found. The main thing is that it provides a workaround for this very hazardous vulnerability.
You will require a Verizon Samsung Galaxy Note II GT-N7100.
The very first thing you need to do is to download the needed files from the links given at the end of this post.
Once downloaded move them to your device’s internal SD card.
Now begin ES File Manager and look for the ExynosAbuse APK in your device.
Once located then install this App.
Next you need to launch this App on your device.
For that you need to select Root Device to install SuperSU.
If it prompts you to SuperSU permission, select Grant.
At this time your Note II should now be rooted.
After that just open SuperSU and update your binary.
First you need to launch the ExynosAbuse app.
After that Uncheck Disable Exploit, Disable Exploit on Boot, and Unroot Device.
And finally restart your device and wait for few minutes.


text:
"Did A Rising Tide Lift All Boats? The NIH Budget And Pediatric Researc" by Daniel P. Gitterman, Robert S. Greenwood et al.
This paper examines National Institutes of Health (NIH) pediatric research spending in absolute terms and relative to the doubling of the NIH overall budget between fiscal years 1998 and 2003. Pediatric spending increased by an average annual rate of 12.8 percent during the doubling period (almost on par with the NIH average annual growth rate of 14.7 percent). However, the proportion of the total NIH budget devoted to the pediatric portfolio declined from 12.3 to 11.3 percent. We offer recommendations for implementing existing commitments to strengthen the pediatric research portfolio and to protect the gains of the doubling period.
Copyright © 2004, People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc. This article first appeared in Health Affairs: 23:5 (2004), 113-124.
Gitterman, Daniel P., Robert S. Greenwood, Keith C. Kocis, Rick Mayes, and Aaron N. McKethan. "Did A Rising Tide Lift All Boats? The NIH Budget And Pediatric Research Portfolio." Health Affairs 23, no. 5 (2004): 113-24. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2.1133.5.

industry_corpus2: Health & Medicine


text:
It appears to be increasingly hard to get advances and charge cards, as banks in College Station, AR are authorizing more prohibitive strategies using a credit card items because of financial log jam. Borrowers having incredible and great FICO ratings may have not felt it as much as individuals with unremarkable and poor credit may. As banks regard the last as a high credit chance, they essentially decline to support advance applications made by individuals with lacking financial records and past credit issues. The uplifting news for poor credit people is that there are couple of banks in the commercial center ready to give out advances for more hazardous credit grades.
Buyers inCollege Station, AR with low FICO assessments have most fortunes with terrible credit moneylenders – establishments working in sub-prime markets. Such banks create loaning programs particularly outfitted towards adjusting people who experienced FICO rating drops because of monetary conditions. As they consider many factors outside of record of loan repayment, they can affirm credit applications when banks deny them. While they attempt to confine their misfortunes by swelling financing costs on bad credit advances and proposing prohibitive terms, the obligation load is middle of the road. Credit sums are way higher contrasted with payday advances, and financing costs and advance lengths consider agreeable regularly scheduled installments.
The most ideal approach to locate the correct moneylender in College Station for applying is to complete a brisk inquiry on the web. Simply select your favored web search tool and look for terrible credit advances. When requesting data to the distinctive moneylenders you’ll be displayed, make sure to ask for just little sum credits as that is the thing that you are searching for and overlook different offers.
A: Hard cash banks in College Station, sub prime and low credit moneylenders are regularly alluded to as “high hazard loan specialists.” These loan specialists have a one of a kind comprehension of particular sorts of land circumstances and markets. For whatever length of time that the loaning circumstance fits into the banks safe place, they will more often than not make the credit. It isn’t that a terrible credit bank floats towards excessively unsafe advances or circumstances. Or maybe, there are extra defends set up for a terrible credit loan specialist. To be specific, a borrower must have a 20% or higher value stake in a property to meet all requirements for an no credit advance – the advance is along these lines secured by a bigger property proprietorship partition than numerous customary advances.
It appears to be increasingly hard to get advances and charge cards, as banks in College Station, TX are authorizing more prohibitive strategies using a credit card items because of financial log jam. Borrowers having incredible and great FICO ratings may have not felt it as much as individuals with unremarkable and poor credit may. As banks regard the last as a high credit chance, they essentially decline to support advance applications made by individuals with lacking financial records and past credit issues. The uplifting news for poor credit people is that there are couple of banks in the commercial center ready to give out advances for more hazardous credit grades.
Buyers inCollege Station, TX with low FICO assessments have most fortunes with terrible credit moneylenders – establishments working in sub-prime markets. Such banks create loaning programs particularly outfitted towards adjusting people who experienced FICO rating drops because of monetary conditions. As they consider many factors outside of record of loan repayment, they can affirm credit applications when banks deny them. While they attempt to confine their misfortunes by swelling financing costs on bad credit advances and proposing prohibitive terms, the obligation load is middle of the road. Credit sums are way higher contrasted with payday advances, and financing costs and advance lengths consider agreeable regularly scheduled installments.


text:
NZORD is thrilled to confirm the appointment of Dr Gill Greer as Acting Chief Executive of NZORD.
PHARMAC has released a report of the Rare Disorder Subcommittee’s discussion about the 13 funding applications (for ten medicines) for rare disorders.
Relationship manager Lisa Foster spoke to the Tuberous Sclerosis conference last year.
PHARMAC has released a report and action plan from their review of the role of the consumer voice in their work.
New Zealand’s first meeting of rare disorder researchers took place at Otago University last month.
Research on a rare form of Parkinson’s disease may have wider benefits for future cancer treatments.
PHARMAC is proposing to change how three hospital medicines are managed within the Pharmaceutical Schedule.
NZORD recognised two rare disease researchers at the Queenstown Research Week Satellite on Rare Brain Diseases meeting last week.
Do you want to set up a rare disorder support group but are not sure where to start? NZORD can help.
A UK report highlights the huge impact on emotional wellbeing and mental health of living with a rare disease.
Rare disease Mum: Why is the only group that helps us being demolished?
A mother of a young boy with a rare disease spoke to Kate Hawkesby on Newstalk ZB about the need NZORD fills in the community.
I am writing with my serious concerns relating to the Ministry of Health’s funding of the New Zealand Organisation for Rare Disorders (NZORD).
Freda Evans, an Auckland mother with Pompe disease, shares her story of battling for treatment for more than 30 years.
New Zealand infants suffering from a rare neuromuscular condition may soon be eligible for compassionate access to a life-changing new medicine.
Scientists based at the University of Barcelona in Spain have discovered a potential cure for a rare disease without any previous treatment options.
Last week NZORD’s Relationship Manager Lisa Crawford was able to speak directly to the Minister of Health, Dr David Clark.
The Government has committed to setting up an inquiry into mental health as part of its first 100 days’ work programme.
The New Zealand Pompe Network has called on the new Government to honour its election pledge to establish a separate fund for rare diseases like Pompe Disease.
NZORD is seeking a meeting with the Minister of Health, David Clark, to follow up a number of points discussed in a recent interview on Radio New Zealand.
Two lucky winners have won very special dining experiences in our Rare Disease Day raffle.
Seven-year-old Gabrielle Stephens from Nelson is one in a million. She lives with an extremely rare and incurable genetic disorder called Dyskeratosis Congenita (DC) that affects only 7,000 people worldwide.
It is with great pleasure that the Australian and New Zealand Prader-Willi Syndrome Associations invite you to Brisbane in October 2018, to the fourth Asia Pacific Prader-Willi Syndrome Conference.
We are currently in discussions with the Ministry of Health National Screening Unit (NSU) team regarding the proposed termination of our contract with them.
A new support group has been set up following a Christchurch woman’s experience of a rare skin disease.
NZORD’s recent enquiries service survey shows that people who contact our organisation are satisfied with the information and support they receive.
All babies born in New Zealand will now be screened for a rare immune disorder soon after birth.
The New Zealand Organisation for Rare Disorders (NZORD) is calling on the Minister of Health to urgently establish an Orphan Drugs Fund that sits within the Ministry, operating outside PHARMAC’s current legislative requirements.


text:
For university students, December can be one of the most stressful times of the year. The thought of exams is enough to make many students start consuming copious amounts of coffee and pull all-nighters.
But have you ever wondered why you feel stress in the first place?
Physiologically, scientists believe that stress is an important part of our fight-or-flight system. The presence of a threat — like a predator or an exam — can activate our sympathetic nervous system, causing the release of cortisol, epinephrine and other hormones. These chemicals increase the supply of blood and nutrients to our brain as well as muscles, helping you deal more effectively with the immediate situation.
However, many studies have shown that prolonged exposure to these hormones can be detrimental to your health. Chronic stress can weaken your immune system and worsen your cardiovascular health over time.
While the physiological consequences of stress are well understood, scientists are increasingly focusing on the psychological components of stress.
Recently, a team of UBC psychologists conducted a study that hopes to shed new light on how scientists think about stress.
Jessie Pow, a psychology PhD student and one of the scientists involved, explained that journal entries were collected from 350 UBC undergraduate students who received specific instructions to record the stressors that they encountered over a seven day period and the strategies that they used to deal with these stressors.
After analysis, Pow found that many students tended to classify their stressors as being either related to their personal wellbeing or their relationships. This mental appraisal process had a significant effect on how they approached the problem.
More specifically, Pow found that when students were dealing with career-related stress, they were more likely to think analytically, but less likely to to help others. When students dealt with relationship stressors, they were more likely to help others, but less likely to think analytically.
Pow’s research is consistent with the idea that the subjective lens people use to perceive the situation can have an important effect on how much stress they feel as well as what they choose to do to address those stressors.
One of the most important ways to buffer stress is through social support. Prior to conducting research on UBC students, Pow studied paramedics and how they were able to cope with their work-related stress.
Pow found that paramedics who had access to strong social support — such as a spouse, a close friend or a trusted family member — were able to consistently have better-quality sleep than paramedics who encountered similar levels of stress, but were more socially isolated.
Interestingly, the same kind of benefits can be provided through pets. UBC, like many other universities, offered pet therapy programs in the past, especially during exam time.
“Pets are great for social support because they can provide unconditional positive regard,” said Pow, which can help us deal more effectively with stress.
Pow also suggests that sometimes distractions can be helpful. This is because many of people have an unpleasant tendency to ruminate about things that may not have gone according to plan. Instead of replaying the scenario repeatedly in your head, spend some time exercising or doing something else you enjoy — it can help replenish your minds and help focus on the future rather than the past.
For those students seeking additional support, UBC Student Services provides many helpful resources for stress management. UBC also offers a health psychology course, which discusses the importance of stress amongst other health topics. Students interested in stress-related research can also check out the UBC’s Centre for Health and Coping Studies.
A previous version of this article incorrectly called Jessie Pow, Jennifer. The article also incorrectly stated students classified careers as a stressor. The Ubyssey regrets these errors.


text:
The Chesser Companies works with individuals, partnerships and other entities all across North America on the marketing, sale and acquisition of income producing real estate including multifamily, retail, office, land and light industrial in Kentucky and Indiana. We also work with multifamily real estate investors, creating partnerships to leverage talent, expertise, and reduce risk focused on long term cash flow and wealth creation.
Clients are the centerpiece of our real estate practice. Our team exists to help you and your partners reach your unique investment goals. Investors seek our world class consultation, negotiation and complete transactional management to ensure success in their acquisition or disposition. Our focus is on real estate as an investment vehicle tailored to obtain many benefits for you.
Some brokers and agents "sell" property. Our approach, rather, is to counsel and determine just what you, the client, needs. Investors choose us to guide them through complex commercial real estate transactions to discover and obtain the many benefits to them. Our mission is to bring "real estate professional counseling," designed to guide clients to a better understanding of their real estate ownership problems and their probable solutions. It is our intention to deliver outstanding results and create client relationships for life.
Tyler Chesser is a past KCREA Multi-Family Broker of the Year (2017), KREE Exchangor of the Year (2018), one of the “20 people to know in real estate” by Louisville Business First (2018), an international “Rising Star” 30 and Under Internationally (2018), and the industry's leading expert in Multi-Family Real Estate sales representing and partnering with investors nationwide.
Learn more about my credentials at here.


text:
Fantastic traditional kitchen duplex house plans india is hide storage with curtains, cheap basement remodeling ideas, kitchen cabinet knob placement with kitchen cabinet pulls and knobs.
Sweet contemporary kitchen shaker-style cabinet hardware collection of lazy susan corner cabinets, ikea pull-out pantry.
Amazing farmhouse kitchen cheap closet organization ideas.
Fantastic contemporary kitchen cheap closet organization ideas with pull-out pantry ideas with ikea pull-out pantry.
Sweet traditional kitchen built in pantry.
Absolutely gorgeous traditional kitchen ikea pull-out pantry collection of bedroom cupboard design and hide storage with curtains paired hide garbage cans.
Chic contemporary kitchen small butler pantry.
Fantastic traditional kitchen best walk-in closet designs with the most beautiful houses, small yard pool design paired gypsum ceiling designs.
Sweet traditional kitchen professional office decorating ideas features best walk-in closet designs paired kid-friendly backyard ideas and most popular interior paint colors with most popular granite colors.
Sweet transitional kitchen built in cabinet ideas collection of cheap closet organization ideas, ikea pull-out pantry.
Sweet traditional kitchen tiny house ideas collection of open concept living room kitchen and pantry door ideas with main door design and modern condo design ideas.
Absolutely gorgeous contemporary staircase bedroom cupboard design is under stair storage and open staircase ideas.
Sweet traditional kitchen backyard pool landscaping idea is accented with modern condo design ideas, kid-friendly backyard ideas with best walk-in closet designs, shady areas landscaping ideas.
Amazing traditional kitchen ikea pull-out pantry collection of cheap closet organization ideas with lazy susan corner cabinets.
Absolutely gorgeous traditional kitchen best walk-in closet designs with one wall kitchen and kitchen curtain ideas paired false ceiling photos.
Beautiful contemporary kitchen pantry cabinet ikea.
Sweet contemporary closet mens bedroom paint collection of built in bookshelves with built in cabinet ideas.
Fantastic farmhouse kitchen serena lily kitchen ideas collection of greige tile kitchen ideas with asymmetrical kitchen ideas paired 10 x 15 kitchen ideas.


text:
While many young people exist on hamburgers and pizza during their college years, members of the UNLV School of Medicine charter class are learning why the better option for optimum health is a “superfood” salad of organic quinoa, farro, baby kale, radishes and tomatoes — with a drizzle of herb vinaigrette dressing.
As part of their course, Food as Medicine, the students were granted the rare opportunity to go behind the scenes of Wynn Las Vegas to see how one of the finest culinary operations in the world operates. Students quizzed a few renowned chefs at the property’s award-winning restaurants, observing their exacting standards and learning about vegan menus, allergen awareness and third-party food analysis.
An estimated 12 to 15 million Americans have some type of food allergy, so today, top restaurants are going to great lengths to protect their guests. At Wynn, the students learned about thoughtfully designed special menus and allergy “kits,” which are clearly marked containers of sterilized utensils that are brought out and used to cook an individual meal for guests whenever one makes it known they have a food allergy.
The chefs at Wynn talked about ways to make special menu items healthier, while maintaining, and even enhancing the taste. The chef in charge of the Wynn restaurant, Sinatra, provided examples.
Maintaining rich flavors while cutting calories can be done many different ways, according to Chef Palladino. One such example is using less cream and butter, and adding smoked mushrooms to mimic the taste of bacon.
Medrano actually brought his apron to the Wynn. Although he didn’t get a chance to cook, he and the other second-year students were invited to sample some of Wynn’s “Vanity Menu” items, including the “superfood” salad.
They also toured Wynn’s Staff Café, where approximately 12,500 Wynn and Encore employees are fed.
It is here that employees are allowed one free meal a day — and it’s not typical cafeteria fare. The food, and even the dining room décor, rivals many fine restaurants. Every entrée is color-coded to help employees make healthy choices, and Wynn chefs go out of their way to know exactly how many calories are in each dish. While most restaurants “estimate” caloric content, Wynn conducts third-party food analysis by periodically scooping up everything on a plate and sending it to a lab for examination and caloric measurement.
The students seemed fascinated by this. Student Emily Guyaux asked Wynn Executive Chef James Benson. “Do you have any data to show your efforts to provide healthier food is paying off with better employee health?” Chef Benson didn’t offer any hard data, but pointed out the company’s health insurance provides incentives for weight loss and lower BMI — and that every calorie saved is a step in the right direction.


text: Contemporary style. Powder coated steel frames. Molded arm caps. Stackable for space saving storage space. Waterfall seat reduces stress on legs. Stacks 4 high. Available in 4 fabric colors, Black, Blue, Grey and Burgundy.

industry_corpus2: Manufacturing


text: The ‘FireCat’ variant of the Lenco BearCat X3 is a quick-response armored vehicle with self-contained water deployment capability. The fully protected, onboard water tank and roof-mounted nozzle can address civil disturbance scenarios and small structure or car fires before they turn into large scale property damage. The vehicle can also hook direct to a main water line, pumper truck or large Water Cannon truck for continuous water flow. The FireCat can be paired with Lenco’s Anti-Riot options, including the front hydraulic plow, protective window screens, chemical munitions launchers and LRAD device. The X3 FireCat comes standard with Lenco’s proven armor protection, rotating roof hatch and tactical breaching tools, including the RAM Bar, Gas Injector Unit, 4-Way RAM Camera and piercing Water Spike. A bumper mounted forestry nozzle is also available.


text:
The best burgers & pizzas in Sälen!
Leffes is the place for those who want a really juicy burger or a filling freshly baked pizza after a long day out in the mountains. Our burgers are handmade from beef that has been hung and tenderized. (70% chuck and 30% brisket) from Nebraska, United States. Our pizzas are large enough to share, or why not try to eat a whole one yourself?
Leffes have come to honor our own "sjöbuse" and loved colleague Leif "Leffe" Johansson. The logbook of his travels is our best kept secret. It contains many interesting stories and recipes from all the different ports Leffe visited. In "Little Italy", New York, he learns to appreciate a genuine Italian pizza slice. But it is his travels to California, where he constantly returns, for nothing could ever compete with a true West Coast Burger.
At Leffes we serve original burger and pizzas recipes from the amazing Leffes secret logbook.
Leffes is open every day from November 26th 2017 from 5 pm. (Closed Christmas Eve and New Years eve).
Welcome to taste Leffes’ secrets!


text: 404 E 175th St is a Multi-Family building located in Mount Hope, Bronx constructed in 1931. This 4-story building has 8 units. The building is within Community District 206 and zoned for the following schools - P.S. 058, I.S. 313 School Of Leadership Development, I.S. 339. Nearby transportation include the 2, 4, 5, B, D subway lines.


text:
The precise composition of the mandibles of the tiny crustaceans known as copepods, which allows these creatures to crush the hard shells of the phytoplankton on which they feed, is revealed in a study published in Scientific Reports. The development of these complex mouthparts could have been the basis for the dominance of copepods within the marine zooplankton.
Diatoms are a major group of algae known for the superior mechanical properties of their mineralised shells. Many crustaceans are still able to crush the shells using their mandibles but although some copepod species are known to have silica-containing opal teeth, the detailed material composition of these creatures’ mouthparts has remained uncertain.
Jan Michels and colleagues used a range of microscopy techniques to examine the structure and composition of the hardened bases (gnathobases) of the mandibles of females of Centropages hamatus, a spiny copepod found in the North Atlantic and adjacent seas. The study reveals the existence of complex composite structures, which contain the soft and elastic protein resilin, in addition to silica, and which form opal teeth with a rubber-like bearing. These structures, which could have coevolved with the diatom shells in an evolutionary arms race, probably increase the efficiency of the opal teeth, while minimizing the risk of mechanical damage, the authors suggest.

industry_corpus2: Water Resources & Marine


text:
These devices are unpretentiousness in operation and give the opportunity to use expendables for several times. In addition, from this document, you can get and also add there the necessary number of sheets.
Their main excellence is the presentable appearance of the document and the ability to combine a large number of sheets.
They are able to work with both metal and plastic springs, which makes them versatile and very popular.
Thermal binding machine how it works? It works rather fast and is characterized by high quality of the finished document and its aesthetic appearance. The most popular model is Helios 60 thermal binding machine and it can be purchased here.
the material of the casing (plastic, metal, combined devices).
This easy-to-use equipment will perfectly handle the binding of such documents as accounting reports, shipping invoices, contracts and archival papers, in a word, everything that needs to be stored properly. Check the catalog to see a description and price for each machine.


text:
The hair care market has many shampoos and conditioners that treat your hair, but the only thing these products do is treat the hair that is already there. No hair product can get to the root of the problem, which is the hair that has yet to grow. The fix for poor hair quality has to come from within, and if your body isn’t processing nutrients correctly, you won’t get good hair growth.
Good hair starts with having an abundance of building blocks in your body. That is, you need enough vitamins and basic hair components flowing in your body for the creation of a good hair follicle. The best hair growth vitamins on the market are going to have what your body needs in the event you are not getting enough from your diet. Sometimes, your diet isn’t ever going to be able to supply what you need for hair growth.
What you eat plays a direct role in how your hair grows. If you have a poor diet, you are going to be lacking in vital nutrients and have poor hair growth. Some people can have the best possible diet with all of the right nutrition and still have poor hair quality. The reason is known as malabsorption in the intestines. In other words, this means the intestines are not pulling all of the required nutrients, supplements and minerals into the bloodstream. The direct result is that the essential operating systems of the body get all of the nutrients while the less essential (hair, skin, nails) get less. The end product is brittle hair that doesn’t see much growth at all.
Supplementing with vitamins, biotin and silica puts an excess of these nutrients into your body. This excess is then sent to the non-vital operating systems, such as hair, and creates new growth. The resulting hair is much healthier, thicker and less prone to falling out. It becomes much more elastic, resisting breakage from brushing and hair styling.
It’s a relatively simple fix, but it’s an effective one. Taking vitamins for hair growth sees results in less than a month. New hair growth is noticeable, and the existing hair benefits from the healthy scalp oils that are generated from taking supplements.


text:
Parents will recall that we have restructured the school day for September 2017 and this will lead to an earlier finishing time.
We would recommend that students arrive no later than 8.40am so that they reach their tutor time in good time.
Our extensive extra-curricular programme runs after school and we would encourage all students to engage as much as possible.
There are a number of after-school clubs, plenty of exam boosters and the school library remains open till 4.30pm each day for homework support.
Looking further ahead, our Saturday School and Holiday School programme runs from February 2018.


text:
Lips are the most sensitive part of your face and that's why they need special care during the dry months of winter. Chapped, cracked and dry lips are very common in winters because of the lack of moisture. There are no sweat or oil glands beneath the surface of the to for natural moisturisation. You can try these tips by beauty expert Shahnaz Husain to keep your lips smooth and soft in winter.
Apply Argan oil on lips as it has unsaturated fatty acids and Vitamin E. Both help delay visible ageing signs and even rejuvenate the skin. It increases the elasticity of the skin. Argan oil is easily absorbed by the skin, and helps improves the skin texture.
Sweaty, smelly armpits? Eat these foods to smell good!


text: Over the course of my life, I have moved over 20 times. Although I am far from a moving professional, I have done it enough times to have the basics down. For a long time, my husband worked for the government, so we were uprooted about once every six months. It was frustrating to deal with this, but we eventually realized that new changes of scenery were really refreshing. This blog is all about moving like a true professional and leaving the past behind. By making a few changes, you might be able to discover a new place--without all of that moving stress.


text:
Huge Beer Selection - Great Prices!!! Becoming my go to for beer!!!!
This place is amazing! Very broad selection of wine and yes BEER.They have brews that will make you happy, the way God wants you to be.


text:
For all Lexus models - general maintenance questions and advice.
RX 450H - is it robust?
What? It failed the MOT?!

industry_corpus2: Automobiles


text:
Some key elements have yet to embrace the idea of Australia and Japan as allies. Two groups not to have noticed or still to be convinced are the peoples of Japan and Australia. Fair enough, perhaps, because the idea has zoomed into view in less than 15 years. As notable is the political divide that has just appeared—this is one alliance where Australia’s major parties aren’t in vigorous agreement.
The Australian Labor Party is now sceptical about Japan as an ally, while the Liberal Party is an enthusiastic booster of the alliance; John Howard launched the effort and Tony Abbott is pushing it even harder. Abbott’s description of Japan as a ‘strong ally’ last year prompted columns on the differences in the language used by Labor and Liberal governments, and what Abbott wanted to build.
The term ‘ally’ can be used in a precise way and it can be used in a generalised way. It can be used with a capital ‘A’ or a small ‘a’. Japan is not a capital ‘A’ ally because we do not have a security agreement with Japan in the way that we have with the United States. Japan is a very close economic and strategic partner.
That’s a fine example of taking cover in clarification and seeking camouflage from classification. The idea of Japan as small ‘a’ ally has enough truth to it for this column to argue that Japan now sits on the second tier of Australia’s defence relationships, along with the traditional Anglo Allies, Britain and New Zealand.
Japan as ally is so new it caused the Prime Minister and the Opposition Leader to misstep with their mouths. Their rhetorical ricochets were in different directions. Abbott was too effusive while Bill Shorten ranted several steps too far.
In welcoming Shinzo Abe to the Australian Parliament, Abbott paid tribute to ‘the skill and the sense of honour’ of the Japanese submariners who attacked Sydney Harbour. The sharp WWII history lesson Abbott received from parts of the Australian community was forceful advice that the Japan relationship can’t be built by airbrushing the past. Abe got the tone better with his words to Parliament about the horror and the trauma of that war.
Shorten brought up Japan’s torpedoing of Australian ships during WWII to attack speculation that Australia’s new submarine could be based on Japan’s Soryu subs. The Opposition Leader said a future Labor government might not honour a submarine contract with Japan. It’d be ironic if an effort to get value for defence dollars actually gets Australians to focus on the meaning of a small ‘a’ alliance that has both a bilateral and trilateral base.
In launching the US–Australia–Japan trilateral and in building bilateral defence ties, John Howard’s government took the lead and Japan warmed slowly. When Foreign Minister Alexander Downer first broached the trilateral with his Japanese counterpart he was told Australia was too insignificant as a security player for Tokyo to bother. Equally, Canberra was eager to go further than Tokyo in the ambit of the Joint Declaration on Security Cooperation that Howard and Abe signed in March 2007.
In government, Rudd didn’t slow the growth of the military relationship, while the Gillard government quietly maintained the momentum; perhaps so quietly one Labor minister, Bill Shorten, didn’t notice. A lot of Australians are in the same boat (or submarine).
The Lowy Institute 2014 survey of Australian attitudes to the world posed a question based on Abbott’s embrace of Japan as ‘Australia’s best friend in Asia’ and got a different result: 31% of Australians nominated China as our best friend while 28% said Japan. See that as a B+ for our small ‘a’ ally.
Graeme Dobell is the ASPI journalist fellow. Image courtesy of Twitter user The Gov’t of Japan.

industry_corpus2: Politics & Administration


text:
Kashmir | 4D/3N | 15,109 Ft.
All about the Barafsar Lake Trek – The Highest Lake of Kashmir.
This trek begins from the farthermost alpine village of Kashmir towards the north-east. The town is well-known for guides that take believers to the blessed Amaranth yatra. The trek has three high elevation lakes on its course, one being the highest lake in Kashmir at a staggering altitude of 4605m. On the trail, one encounters two beautiful, vast and lush meadows Kolahoi Pass (most astounding in Sind valley), Thajwas wild life sanctuary, eight technical cliffs and six glacier beds.
We drive from Srinagar to Sarbal Village and commence the three-hour trek to Durinar Meadow(3500m). It is encompassed by transcending mountains and streaming ice sheets on opposite sides. Shepherds could be seen encompassing the meadow with their sheep and goats. Overnight stay in camps.
We begin an early morning trek that will take us to Durinar Lake, (4171m) an azure blue lake. We pitch our tents at an area that fills in as summit camp for two awesome high pinnacles, Mount Innominate and Crystal Peak and a trail to Kolahoi Pass (4150m). Overnight stay in camps.
We trek further up to the Nilnag Lake (4270m) and afterward push further 350 meters parallel to Innominate Glacier until we achieve the most elevated Alpine Lake of Kashmir. To the right we will discover Mount Valehead and to the left, the Kazim ridge. We will savor some village snacks there and slip back to Durinar Camp to camp for a night.
On this day, you will trace back the same route to Sarbal village and drive back to Srinagar. You are expected to reach Srinagar by 4 pm. You can book your night flights to fly back home. This marks the end of the trek.
Transportation to Sarbal Village: Transportation from Srinagar to Sarbal village and vice versa is included in the package. It will be in a Bolero/ Sumo Cab.


text:
I was talking to a friend who's about a decade older than I am. I don't remember exactly what prompted the subject, but I think the context was a discussion of fear. He said, "When I was a kid, we did 'duck and cover" drills in school."
I thought about it for a minute before responding. "We never did drills. I think we knew there was no point. If someone decided to push the button, we were just all going to die. Nothing we could do about it."
I wanted to laugh, but it would have been the wrong kind of laughter, and any kind of laughter at all was not what I wanted to be doing with Japanese tourists (no, really) in the museum. So I stopped a little past the diorama and turned to my husband and the friend taking the tour with us. We're all the same age group for this sort of thing. I told them about the months-old conversation.
They nodded. My husband said, "I checked on a map recently. We're not too bad off where we are now."
I looked at him. "If it were just one bomb, one warhead."
Another nod and a sour face. "Yeah."
The operable phrase when I was in school was "mutually assured destruction." Scads of nuclear weapons as a security blanket. I suppose it's not surprising we found that sort of comfort rather cold. Hey, there's this guy who calls ketchup a vegetable and names his best hope of defense against a nuclear attack after a fantasy with space trappings and on and on and on. We're supposed to trust him to understand the full consequences of his actions. Oh. Yay.
The first day of ninth grade social studies class, American government, my teacher announced to the class that it would be run as a democracy. No, he couldn't tell us how that was going to work because we were going to decide that. No, he couldn't even tell us the scope of the decisions we'd be making as we voted.
I don't do pass/fail scenarios with open-ended expectations.
I think he thought it was cute when I turned in my chair to face the wall. A protest! Ooh! Yay, democracy! I don't think it stayed cute for more than a couple of days, but cute wasn't my point. If I wasn't allowed to transfer into the other "advanced" civics class (the school cut us off after one or two people), he could find out how much of a pain democracy could be. Then he, I, and the school could decide what that was worth for a grade.
Very shortly after the year started, all of the ninth-grade classes participated in a nuclear simulation at the same time. Our class split up into nations. Each nation got a set of scenarios: pressure on the borders, powerful foes--internal and external--posed to pounce on any misstep. As a nation, each group decided on their response: pacific, aggressive, or something in between.
The one lesson I'll never forget from that class, however, is how easy it is to convince ourselves that we don't have any other "real" options. That could be because I've never stopped hearing that as a justification for political decisions, particularly for decisions I wouldn't have made.
I don't know what difference it made to me or my generation to know it was out of our hands whether we lived or died. It would be easy to claim that the materialism of Generation X stems from nuclear nihilism, but we were too young to set the tone of the 80s. It wasn't people my age buying DeLoreans, Rolexes, and coke in bulk.
I don't know that we even had the words to talk about it among ourselves before the situation became less stark. We don't talk about it now. Talking about our teenage years means talking about social pressures and pop culture. For all I know, it wasn't that big a deal to anyone else.
Except for that long, quiet trip through a museum and two instant nods. Those tell me I didn't live through that alone.
My roommates in the mid-late 80's and I often played a board game called Pente. In a 3-person game, there was a situation we called "mutually assured destruction." If one person B didn't do anything to counter person A's move, person C would allow person A to win in protest against having their move forced.
I recall that we often discussed questions about nuclear war, ethics, death, happiness, etc. Were we such an odd bunch? I guess not.
I remember my parents telling me that as kids they didn't really think the "duck and cover" strategy would protect them very well - it was just something to do as an alternative to panicking. It probably would be helpful to people who lived a number of miles away from the closest blasts, where the greatest immediate threat was flying debris.
The weird thing about Reagan is that people saw him as the president most likely to start a nuclear war, but in reality he loathed nuclear weapons and was terrified by the prospect of nuclear war. Some of his aides were convinced he would not launch nuclear weapons even if the USA was attacked first. The whole "Star Wars" thing was misguided because the technology didn't exist to make it work (it still doesn't), but his support of it seems to have come from a desperate desire to have something other than Mutual Assured Destruction to rely on.
The other thing we all "knew" in those days was which bits of landscape in our area were "known" to be primary targets. For me, it was the Watervleit Arsenal to the north, the Selkirk Train Yards and the Power Plant to the south, and the State Office Campuses, one to the east and one to the west. We was surrounded!
People of my generation and background experienced the flash. If you know what that is, then you know what that is. It was actually pretty horrible.


text:
Big Switch Networks®, The Next-Generation Data Center Networking Company, will be unveiling new innovations for Big Monitoring FabricTM (Big Mon) that enable network and security operators to capture cloud-native data center network traffic at scale as well as provide deep application-level analytics.
Think about how Enterprise IT has tasted the sweet simplicity of Public Cloud - rapid SLA's, Agility, Flexible Scalability - and expectations for On-Prem Private Cloud operations have fundamentally shifted. In this webinar, Big Switch Networks, the Cloud-First Networking company, will introduce you to Cloud-First Networking (CFN) portfolio, a completely re-imagined networking experience.
The CFN portfolio addresses hybrid cloud networking design challenges, by bringing the best of public cloud networking on-premises, in contrast to hardware-centric vendors’ approaches that start with adapting legacy on-premises products for use in public clouds. The company is the first to launch key cloud networking features on-prem, with a portfolio that builds from there with corresponding in-cloud products and culminates in a multi-cloud management system.
CFN brings virtual private cloud (VPC) -- a simplified logical network construct in public clouds (such as AWS, VPC, Azure vNet or Google Cloud Platform VPC -- to hybrid clouds with a single console for managing hybrid cloud networks. Cloud-First Networking offers enterprise VPCs and centralized management for consistency, simplicity, and agility across Hybrid cloud environments.
What if the same Public Cloud operational model could be easily deployed in a Private Cloud environment?
What if Corporate IT had the flexibility to deploy workloads across a Multi-Cloud topology, with a single, consistent management approach for Hybrid Cloud?


text:
“In 1883, Wiley was appointed Chief of the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Chemical Division. The division changed its name to the Bureau of Chemistry in 1898, and that is where Wiley conducted his most famous work. He authored early important studies on food adulteration (Bulletin 13, Foods and Food Adulterants, published in 1887, and republished in 1890 as Bulletin 25, A Popular Treatise on the Extent and Character of Food Adulterations). More significantly, between 1902 and 1907 Wiley directed what would become known as the Poison Squad. Employees of the Bureau of Chemistry and medical students from Georgetown Medical College received free board, eating meals prepared in the bureau’s kitchen, during the preparation of which, specific quantities of commonly used chemical preservatives were added to the ingredients. Low paid recent graduates eagerly signed up to join the so-called Poison Squad. In essence, the subjects were undergoing medical monitoring—they were required to record their weight, temperature, and pulse rate before each meal and to list what they ate. Thereafter, urine and feces samples were collected. The end result was to determine to what level chemicals were retained, excreted, or changed in their bodies and if any symptoms noted could be attributed to those chemicals. Chemicals used in these experiments included borax, boric acid, copper sulfate, potassium nitrate, saccharin, salicylic acid and salicylates, sulfuric acid and sulfites, benzoic acid and benzoates, and formaldehyde.
Dr. Wiley’s promotion of food safety resulted in passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906. Earlier attempts at such legislation had failed, and this landmark law was the first to regulate the development and production of safe foods and drugs. Both Wiley’s administration of the law and concerns over preserving chemicals that had not been specifically addressed in the law caused some controversy. Nevertheless, under Wiley’s leadership, the Bureau of Chemistry grew in size and stature after assuming responsibility for enforcement of the 1906 Act (FDA 2001). Wiley was a prolific writer during his tenure with the Bureau of Chemistry. The Government Printing Office published four of his major studies, including Influence of Food Preservatives and Artificial Colors on Digestion and Health v. Formaldehyde in 1908. Wiley also wrote several books during this time period, including Chemistry and Longevity: Food in its Relation to Individual and National Development (1900, The Hundred Years Club, New York). Dr. Wiley retired from the Bureau of Chemistry in 1912 and became director of the Bureau of Foods Sanitation and Health for Good Housekeeping magazine. While working for the magazine, Wiley developed the well-known Good Housekeeping Seal of Approval, which is still in use today.
“This year’s first major food poisoning outbreak—more than 140 people in 26 states sickened by infected sprouts —hardly made headlines. Of course, it was nothing special given our recent history of dangerous dining. Remember last year’s recall of almost half-a-billion eggs due to bacterial contamination fears? The tainted peanut butter fiasco of 2009, which killed nine people and sickened more than 700? Or the 2008 food poisoning outbreak, linked to spicy peppers, which caused more than 1,300 illnesses? It’s as if we’ve become accustomed—or maybe a better word would be resigned—to living in a country where people shouldn’t really trust their food. None of these were isolated incidents, after all. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention now estimates that food poisoning outbreaks can be blamed for 76 million illnesses and 3,000 deaths annually.
We can be proud that our government responded to this alarming pattern by passing a new law this year seeking to better protect the nation’s food safety. The act gives the Food and Drug Administration unprecedented enforcement powers, such as the right to remove dangerous foodstuffs from the market rather than negotiating for voluntary recalls. We can also be proud of the spirit in which legislation came into being—passed by the Senate by a bipartisan vote of 73 to 25 and the House by 215 to 144 before being signed into law by President Obama in early January. But it would be a mistake to see the Food Safety Modernization Act as anything more than a tentative step in the right direction. Although it does further empower the FDA, it fails to strengthen the authority of the Department of Agriculture, which is responsible for safety of the meat supply. In fact, the latest White House budget request, while asking for increased funding for the FDA, would reduce money for USDA inspections. And the White House request itself is facing serious opposition from a Congress that is obsessed with spending cuts.
Observers now consider funding of the food safety act to be in such peril that the New England Journal of Medicine published an editorial last week warning its physician readers not to expect real progress anytime soon. Or to quote precisely: “Recent reports in the media calling this act ‘historic legislation’ must be tempered by the reality that without the necessary resources, requiring the FDA to carry out the law’s required activities will be like trying to get blood out of a rock.” But here’s hoping we won’t be driven to that blood-from-stone position, that our government representatives will continue to work together to keep us on the path toward safer food. Or failing that, that our food protection advocates will roll up their sleeves for an all-out push to keep the poisons out of our daily bread.
There’s excellent precedent for such actions. If we look back to a similar crisis of food safety in the last century, we see that federal regulators were willing to risk their lives to protect the rest of us. I’m talking, of course, about USDA scientist Harvey Washington Wiley, who helped pioneer food safety legislation by creating volunteer “poison squads” to taste-test the nation’s groceries. At the time when Wiley began his work with the poison squad, the powerful food industry had managed to derail every attempt to regulate its products. No labeling requirements existed, no safety tests, no monitoring of additives, no good information on the risks. Determined to change this, Wiley persuaded Congress in 1902 to fund what he called “hygienic table trials” of commercial food products.
His plan was simple from the beginning. He’d build a test kitchen and dining room in the basement of the Agriculture Department building on Independence Avenue. Then he’d serve poisoned food to a group of young volunteers. Wiley chose men in their 20s because he thought they were sturdy enough to withstand the diet he had in mind. The first 12 members of the squad were all department employees who had agreed to eat their meals in Wiley’s kitchen over a span of six months. The menus were set so that each day’s food would include exactly one suspect ingredient. Squad members never knew what possible poison they were eating. Still, they all signed waivers absolving the government of liability for possible health impacts.
It helped that the meals served from that tidy kitchen were guaranteed excellent—a typical meal might be roast chicken, braised beef, buttered asparagus, hot rolls, and fresh fruit pies with coffee and cream. The only catch was that one of those dishes—and the squad members never knew which—would be laced with a test substance. These added ingredients were chosen by Wiley from a list of highly suspect preservatives and coloring agents used in food.
The first compound mixed into the meals was borax, a commonly used preservative loaded with the silvery, metallic element boron. Borax and the related compound, boric acid, were high on Wiley’s list because butchers commonly mixed them with salt and red dye to disguise old, or even rotting, meat. Wiley started out by mixing borax powder into butter but rapidly discovered that the diners were responding to its metallic tang. They quit buttering their bread. He then mixed it into milk and coffee, but the men then began avoiding those beverages. Finally, Wiley gave up on deception altogether. He simply placed capsules of the poison into a serving bowl, and put it out for each meal.
The most remarkable part of the story is that the men doggedly swallowed those borax-filled capsules. They did so even though they developed persistent low-grade headaches, nausea, and rumbling abdominal pain as a result. Borax, as we now know, is not acutely poisonous, but it’s definitely irritating to tissues and over the long term can cause weight loss and reproductive system damage. “Today the men are thinner than usual and all show the effects of the strain,” the New York Times reported in 1904, in an article on some recent graduates from the poison squad.
Later volunteers swallowed capsules filled with other toxic food additives, including copper sulfate and formaldehyde. Copper sulfate, today primarily used as a pesticide, was at the time added to fancy grades of peas to make them look greener than ordinary ones. Formaldehyde, used as a meat preservative, is widely known today as a corrosive poison and suspected carcinogen. Wiley had to end those tests early when the men became so sick that they could not rise from their beds. ”The addition of formaldehyde to food tends to derange metabolism,” Wiley explained.
In retrospect, historians have suggested that the poison squad trials were as much showmanship as meticulous science. The cozy-kitchen style of doing research and the very public nature of the studies made the work seem less than clinical. The squads were so widely known that songs were written about their heroic work, a form of tribute that doesn’t usually follow the traditional research approach published in medical journals.
But there’s no doubt that Wiley and his determined volunteers raised public awareness of a risky food supply. That awareness, that growing realization of danger, put intense pressure on the government to fix the problem of contaminated food. Four years after the squads were established, the nation’s first law regulating food and pharmaceutical manufacturing went into effect. It was officially known as the Pure Food and Drug Act. Of course, everyone called it the Wiley Act instead.
Is there a case to be made for bringing back Wiley-style crusading to keep our new food safety law on course? Maybe not the poison squads specifically. Decades of research later, we know too much about toxic chemicals to ask regulators to engage in such risky behavior. And the challenges of keeping the food supply safe today are very different. Thanks to Wiley—and other 20th-century safety advocates—our biggest risks are no longer food additives. When we say food poisoning, we mean bacterial contamination, such as the salmonella implicated in last year’s egg recall, rather than preservatives like borax.
But there is a case, a good one, for bringing back some of that protect-the-public-at-all-costs fervor. There are still unmet research needs—our need to better understand the ways that bacteria infiltrate our food, to find safer production and farming methods, to better control potentially deadly pathogens. And a recent CDC study points out that in the case of an outbreak, rapid, intensive investigations would help us to identify the cause so much faster that we would save both lives and money.
“While the kitchen in the basement of the Agriculture Department’s offices in Washington DC was unorthodox, it was hard to fault the food. The menu was wide and varied, and the chef, known only as “Perry,” had an impressive resume, including a stint as the “head chef for the Queen of Bavaria.” The chicken was fresh, the potatoes perfectly prepared, the asparagus toothsome yet not tough. Everything was of the highest quality. Including the poison. At first, it was borax, a bright white mineral, finely ground, and shipped in fresh from the burnings wastes of Death Valley, CA, where it was mined. Perry hid it in the butter, until he noticed that the twelve workers who took their meals at his table were avoiding the spread. Next, he mixed it in with their milk, but they stopped drinking the milk, too, complaining that it tasted “metallic.” Finally, Perry gave up, and began packing the borax into capsules. Between courses, the diners would dutifully wash them down.
In 1902, when the group that ate at Perry’s table first convened, it didn’t have a name. Its leader, the Agriculture Department’s Chief Chemist, Dr. Harvey Washington Wiley, referred to the project as the “hygienic table trials,” but it wasn’t long before Washington Post reporter George Rothwell Brown came up with a better name: The Poison Squad. The goal of the Poison Squad was simple: they were tasked with trying some of the most commonly used food additives in order to determine their effects. During each of the poison squads trials, the members would eat steadily increasing amounts of each additive, carefully tracking the impact that it had on their bodies. They would stop when the members started to get sick.
The human lab rats were “twelve young clerks, vigorous and voracious.” All were graduates of the civil service exam, all were screened for “high moral character,” and all had reputations for “sobriety and reliability.” One was a former Yale sprinter, another a captain in the local high school’s cadet regiment, and a third a scientist in his own right. All twelve took oaths, pledging one year of service, promising to only eat food that was prepared in the Poison Squad’s kitchen, and waiving their right to sue the government for damages — including death — that might result from their participation in the program.
Squad members needed a lot of patience. Before each meal, they had to weigh themselves, take their temperatures and check their pulse rates. Their stools, urine, hair and sweat were collected, and they had to submit to weekly physicals. When one member got a haircut without permission, he was allegedly sent back to the barber with orders to collect his shorn locks. Most of the squad members didn’t get extra pay for their hazardous duty: in return for their patience and obedience, they received three square meals a day — all of which were carefully poisoned.
At Purdue, Wiley experimented with food additives, testing each chemical by, in his words, “trying it on the dog.” Soon after getting hired by the Agriculture Department, he waded into the pure food fight, pushing for federal regulation of additives. In response, high-paid lobbyists from the packing and canning industries went on the offensive, shutting down each of Wiley’s proposed bills. To show the physical costs of food additives, Wiley designed the table trials — and convinced Congress to give him $5,000 to fund them. Officially, the goal was to “investigate the character of food preservatives, coloring matters, and other substances added to foods, to determine their relation to digestion and to health, and to establish the principles which should guide their use.” Unofficially, Wiley hoped to use the table trials as a springboard to enact widespread food regulation.
The Poison Squad soon became famous for its borax consumption, and Wiley became popularly known as “Old Borax.” Before long, the group determined that borax did, indeed, cause headaches, stomachaches, and other digestive pains…in addition to imparting an unpleasant flavor to food. Borax defeated, the poison squad moved on to test other common additives, including sulfuric acid, saltpeter and formaldehyde. One of their targets, copper sulfate, was especially disturbing: used by food producers to turn canned peas a bright shade of green, it also caused a host of health woes, including nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, liver damage, kidney damage, brain damage, and jaundice. Today, it’s commonly used as a pesticide.
“For many people, the first thing that comes to mind when thinking of the early Pure Food movement is Upton Sinclair’s 1906 book The Jungle.However, Hoosier Harvey Wiley’s work in the field was already at its apex when Sinclair’s exposé was released. When Dr. Wiley started his career in the mid- to late-19th century, the production of processed foods in the US was on the rise due to the increasing number of urban dwellers unable to produce their own fresh food. With little to no federal regulation in this manufacturing, food adulteration was rampant. Dr. Wiley made it his mission prove the importance of food regulation. With the help of a group of men known as the Poison Squad, he did just that.
Harvey Washington Wiley was born on a small farmstead near Kent, Indiana on October 18, 1844. He attended Hanover College from 1863-1867, with the exception of a few months in 1864 when he served in Company I of 137th Indiana Volunteers during the Civil War. After graduating in 1867, Wiley moved to Indianapolis and began teaching at Butler University while earning his Ph.D. from the Medical College of Indiana. It was in 1874 that Dr. Wiley began his work as a chemist at Purdue University, where he developed an interest in adulterated food.
During these trials, “twelve young clerks, vigorous and voracious” were fed and boarded in the basement of the Agricultural Department building in Washington D.C. Before each meal the men would strip and be weighed, any alteration in their condition being noted. At any one time, six of the group would be fed wholesome, unadulterated food. The other six were fed food laced with commonly used additives such as borax and formaldehyde. Every two weeks, the two groups would be switched. While the position of poison squad member may sound like it would be a hard one to fill, volunteers were lining up to participate in the tests, even writing letters like the one below.
The experiments commenced in November of 1902 and by Christmas, spirits among the Squad members were low. According to a Washington Post article from December 26, “The borax diet is beginning to show its effect on Dr. Wiley’s government-fed boarders at the Bureau of Chemistry, and last night when the official weights were taken just before the Christmas dinner the six guests who are taking the chemical course showed a slight decrease in avoirdupois . . . To have lost flesh on Christmas Day, when probably everybody else in Washington gained more or less from feasting, was regarded by the boarders themselves as doubly significant.” A look at the “unprinted and unofficial menu” from the Christmas meal, also printed in the Post, sheds some light on what may have given the boarders pause in their Christmas feasting. Much of the information reported by the press during this time came from the members of the squad themselves, until “Old Borax” as Wiley came to be known, issued a gag-order in order to preserve the sanctity of the scientific studies happening.
AS: You start the book by noting that we have this conception of the food our ancestors ate as being pure and authentic, straight from the farm. What was the reality?
DB: It was about the opposite of that. To be fair, there were people who lived on the farm and ate wonderful produce from their gardens, but most people were in this period of migration to the cities. This is the rise of industrialized America in the late 19th century, so most people were eating manufactured, grocery store-bought food. I was actually shocked to discover it was horrifyingly fake, fraudulent and tainted by any and all chemicals [people] felt like putting in it.
AS: So what might people in 1900 have found in their milk, or their coffee, or their spices?
DB: I took a close look at milk, because it’s a great example of just how bad things could get. Dairymen seeking to stretch their profits would thin it with water – and not always clean water. At one point, there was a case in Indiana in which it was pond water. The family found worms wiggling in it.
AS: And pond water was actually some of the safer stuff that milk was contaminated with!
AS: You tell stories of kids dying from eating candy that was contaminated with lead. Given that this was causing real suffering in consumers, what kinds of arguments were people making for leaving this unregulated?
DB: It’s baffling, because you are in this period where food makers are knowingly using very bad things. I gave the example of arsenic, which was a green food dye also used to make the shellac that glosses up chocolate. But lead was used to color candies, and red lead was used in cheese. If people wanted to make a beautiful, orange cheddar cheese, they just dumped a little red lead in it. This is not people who didn’t know it was bad, but there were things that made it permissible. There were no labels, and so there was no public pressure. It was just a pre-regulatory Wild West of food that permitted bad actors to do what they will, and so they did. It saved them a lot of money. You get this capitalistic feedback loop of people who were trying to make a living – and wanting to make more of a living. The consumer was both the guinea pig and the victim.
AS: So along comes a protagonist of your story: Dr. Harvey Washington Wiley, chief chemist of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Why did he care so much about this issue?
DB: I’ve always thought of him as kind of a holy roller kind of chemist. He was the son of an itinerant preacher and farmer in Indiana who was also a conductor on the Underground Railroad. Wiley was raised to think that what he did needed to be a higher calling. He would describe chemistry that way: Chemistry is the service of good. So this tiny group of chemists that he commanded at the USDA was it on food safety. He took up that cause.
AS: Your book is called The Poison Squad, which comes from a project that he undertook that really shows his commitment. Describe what The Poison Squad was.
DB: Wiley basically goes out and recruits other people at the USDA, especially young clerks, to volunteer to dine very dangerously. The idea of The Poison Squad was that these young men would get three free meals a day, seven days a week – all of them paid for by the U.S. government. They have to agree not to have snacks or eat outside of these free meals. These are super fancy meals cooked by a professional chef. All of the ingredients are amazing. The only catch is: You have to agree that half of you at any given period in this experiment are going to be given capsules that contain suspect food additives. And these did include formaldehyde, and the cleaning product Borax, and salicylic acid, which we know from aspirin. And the amazing thing is that there were people lining up to volunteer for this experiment. And you wonder, ‘Is this crazy or what?’ You are testing suspected toxic compounds on human volunteers. But he felt that was the only way he could deal with this. You had this rising tide of really dangerous food additives and there were no safety regulations. ‘How do I make a case that perhaps this is not a good idea? I’ll just test it on people.’ And so he did.
AS: To no one’s surprise, if you feed people formaldehyde, or arsenic or lead, they will get sick. And when you demonstrate that, why does it still remain so difficult to outlaw these substances in food?
DB: The food industry had been organizing itself to fight regulation. Wiley had been advocating and working with congressmen to get some kind of basic consumer protection. And these experiments caught national attention — they were front-page news, there were songs about them — and everyone was realizing that there is a lot of bad stuff in their food. There was an immediate pushback. Suddenly, congressmen are on the side of food business or getting offered more money. The food industry organizes to create a Food Manufacturers Association. They were phenomenally effective. They did a great job trying to damage Wiley’s reputation publicly and deny what he was finding, and bullied and threatened congressmen to kill regulation every time it came up.
AS: Despite these long-fought fights, today there isn’t formaldehyde and lead and arsenic in food the way that there was 100 years ago. Progress really was made!
This entry was posted in DIY, research and tagged drugs, food by secret santa. Bookmark the permalink.

industry_corpus2: Agriculture & Fisheries


text:
As a veritable stylistic manifesto, the J12 is a total break from the norm.
With each second, this sporty ceramic timepiece revolutionizes the present.
It boasts exquisite mechanics with uncompromising design, a radical aesthetic that is commensurate to its sensual density and absolute comfort that is measured by its functionality.
Its power is appraised by its presence and its character is revealed through its authority.
Graphic and black, stark white or brilliantly chromatic, the J12 is a veritable icon in watchmaking.