text:
Jorge RODRIGUEZ-CUERVOS, Plaintiff, Appellant, v. WAL-MART STORES, INC., et al., Defendants, Appellees.
Before TORRUELLA, Chief Judge, SELYA, Circuit Judge, and ACOSTA, *Senior District Judge. Maricarmen Almodóvar-Díaz for appellant. Frances R. Coĺon-Rivera, with whom Luis F. Antonetti and Goldman Antonetti & Ćordova, P.S.C. were on brief, for appellees.
Plaintiff-appellant Jorge Rodríguez-Cuervos (“Rodríguez”) filed a complaint charging defendant-appellee Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (“Wal-Mart”) with illegal race and national origin discrimination in violation of federal law. Rodríguez now appeals the district court's grant of summary judgment in favor of the former employer, Wal-Mart. We affirm.
Rodríguez, who is a U.S. citizen born in Puerto Rico, began his employment with Wal-Mart in March 1991. At that time, Wal-Mart was preparing to open its first stores in Puerto Rico. Rodríguez assisted Wal-Mart with the opening of these stores and received training in order to become a store manager. Rodríguez participated in Wal-Mart training programs in Florida and Arkansas.
On March 7, 1992, Rodríguez was promoted to the position of Division Manager in Wal-Mart's Store Planning Division, and received a salary increase. As Division Manager, Rodríguez was responsible for the commencement of Wal-Mart's business operations in Fajardo and Hatillo-two municipalities located in the northeast and northwest of Puerto Rico, respectively.
Shortly after this evaluation, Rodríguez was appointed manager of the Wal-Mart store in Isabela. On March 19, 1994, Rodríguez's managerial performance was again evaluated. Although his supervisor cited several areas needing improvement, he concluded that Rodríguez's overall performance again “exceeded expectations.” The evaluator described Rodríguez as a “good communicator” with a winning “Yes I Can” attitude.
Sometime in mid-1994, Rodríguez was named manager of the Fajardo store. On November 17, 1994, Rodríguez's performance as Fajardo store manager was evaluated by William Cahill, District Manager for Wal-Mart in Puerto Rico, and Héctor Vázquez, Wal-Mart's Human Resources Director for Puerto Rico. Cahill and Vázquez informed Rodríguez of the results of this evaluation in a memorandum dated November 23, 1994. The memorandum outlined several “opportunities” for improvement in Rodríguez's management of the Fajardo store, and requested that Rodríguez submit a written action plan in response to the cited “opportunities.” The Cahill/Vázquez memorandum also presented Rodríguez with an ultimatum: either step down from the position of manager of the Fajardo store and be re-trained, or stay on as manager and be held accountable for the results of an attitude survey to be conducted in three days' time, among all of the Fajardo associates. Rodríguez chose the latter option.
Good to their word, Cahill and Vázquez conducted an opinion survey of the Fajardo associates on November 26, 1994. On December 27, Rodríguez received the results of this survey, which ranked Rodríguez in several areas as compared with other managers at the store. Cahill and Rodríguez discussed the survey results, and on January 10, 1995, Cahill again evaluated Rodríguez's performance in Fajardo. This time Rodríguez received an overall performance rating of “didn't meet expectations.” By memorandum dated May 3, 1995, Wal-Mart removed Rodríguez from the position of store manager. Rodríguez was subsequently demoted to an assistant manager position in the Hatillo store.
In due course, Rodríguez filed a complaint alleging Wal-Mart discriminated against him based on his race, ethnicity, and national origin, in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e, and 42 U.S.C. § 1981. Wal-Mart moved to dismiss Rodríguez's complaint on the ground that it failed to state a prima facie case of race or national origin discrimination as required under the burden-shifting framework established in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 802-804, 93 S.Ct. 1817, 36 L.Ed.2d 668 (1973). In its subsequent Reply to Plaintiff's Response to Dispositive Motion, Wal-Mart also argued that Rodríguez failed to establish that its legitimate and non-discriminatory reason for Rodríguez's demotion was, in reality, a pretext for race or national origin discrimination.
On April 8, 1997, the district court issued an order advising the parties that the motion to dismiss would be treated as a motion for summary judgment. On April 30, the district court clarified its April 8 order and advised Rodríguez “to proceed to engage in discovery ․ in order to adequately oppose the motion for summary judgment.” Finally, on January 9, 1998, the district court granted summary judgment in favor of Wal-Mart. Rodríguez now appeals.
We review the district court's grant of summary judgment de novo, viewing the facts in the light most favorable to the non-moving party, Rodríguez. See Dominique v. Weld, 73 F.3d 1156, 1158 (1st Cir.1996).
Absent direct evidence of discrimination, a Title VII plaintiff must resort to the three-stage burden-shifting framework set forth in McDonnell Douglas. See Ayala-Gerena v. Bristol Myers-Squibb Co., 95 F.3d 86, 96 (1st Cir.1996). Under this framework, the plaintiff shoulders the initial burden of adducing a prima facie case of unlawful discrimination. This includes a showing that: (1) plaintiff is a member of a protected class; (2) plaintiff's employer took an adverse employment action against him; (3) plaintiff was qualified for the employment he held; and (4) plaintiff's position remained open or was filled by a person whose qualifications were similar to his. See St. Mary's Honor Center v. Hicks, 509 U.S. 502, 506, 113 S.Ct. 2742, 125 L.Ed.2d 407 (1993); McDonnell Douglas, 411 U.S. at 802, 93 S.Ct. 1817; Conward v. Cambridge Sch. Comm., 171 F.3d 12, 19 (1st Cir.1999). Establishment of a prima facie case creates a presumption of unlawful discrimination. See Texas Dep't of Community Affairs v. Burdine, 450 U.S. 248, 254, 101 S.Ct. 1089, 67 L.Ed.2d 207 (1981). Once a plaintiff establishes a prima facie case, the burden shifts to the employer to rebut this presumption by articulating a legitimate, non-discriminatory reason for its adverse employment action. See McDonnell Douglas, 411 U.S. at 802, 93 S.Ct. 1817; Shorette v. Rite Aid of Maine, Inc., 155 F.3d 8, 12 (1st Cir.1998).1 In the third and final stage, the burden devolves upon the plaintiff to prove that the reasons advanced by the defendant-employer constitute mere pretext for unlawful discrimination. See Hicks, 509 U.S. at 507-508, 113 S.Ct. 2742; Woods v. Friction Materials, Inc., 30 F.3d 255, 260 (1st Cir.1994). To meet this burden, the plaintiff must prove not only that the reason articulated by the employer was a sham, but also that its true reason was plaintiff's race or national origin. See Shorette, 155 F.3d at 13.
As mentioned above, see supra, note 1, at all times Rodríguez bears the burden of proving that Wal-Mart discriminated against him on the basis of race and/or national origin. Thus, at the summary judgment stage, Wal-Mart could prevail only if Rodríguez failed to adduce sufficient evidence from which a rational fact-finder could conclude that he was demoted because he is Puerto Rican. See Shorette, 155 F.3d at 12. Put another way, Rodríguez cannot avert summary judgment if the record is devoid of adequate direct or circumstantial evidence of intentional racial, ethnic, or national origin discrimination on the part of Wal-Mart. On appeal, Rodríguez contends that he did adduce adequate evidence to generate a trialworthy issue as to whether Wal-Mart discriminated against him in violation of Title VII. In the alternative, Rodríguez argues that the district judge abused his discretion in denying his post-judgment request for additional time to conduct discovery in order to properly oppose Wal-Mart's motion for summary judgment. We disagree on both counts.
For present purposes, we assume arguendo that Rodríguez carried his initial burden of establishing a prima facie case.2 Further, it is clear that Wal-Mart satisfied its limited burden of production by articulating a legitimate, non-discriminatory reason for demoting Rodríguez: namely, his unsatisfactory performance. Thus, we focus on the ultimate issue: whether Rodríguez adduced sufficient evidence from which a rational factfinder could have inferred both that Wal-Mart's articulated reason was a pretext, and that its true reason for demoting Rodríguez was racial, ethnic, or national origin discrimination. See Shorette, 155 F.3d at 15.
To prove that Wal-Mart's proffered reason for demoting him was merely pretextual, Rodríguez points to two previous performance evaluations in which he was rated as exceeding the company's expectations. Rodríguez argues that because the contents of his prior evaluations contradict Cahill's findings in the January 10 evaluation, Cahill's findings must be pretextual. The problem with this argument is that in relying on his past performance evaluations, Rodríguez fails to take into account the fact that he was working in different capacities at different stores, under different supervisors with different expectations. As a result, Cahill's evaluation is not necessarily inconsistent with Rodríguez's past positive reviews. As the district court noted, from this evidence “a reasonable juror could only infer ․ that Plaintiff at one time exceeded expectations ․ under the first district manager but that the later ratings by Cahill in late 1994 and early 1995 found Rodríguez's performance lacking.” (1/9/98 Op. & Order at 20.) The fact that Cahill may have had different expectations for Rodríguez, even if those expectations were contrary to those of Rodríguez's prior supervisors, does not support a finding of pretext. See Orisek v. American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 938 F.Supp. 185, 191 (S.D.N.Y.1996).
In addition to his history of positive performance evaluations, Rodríguez offered comparative evidence of Wal-Mart's disparate treatment of non-Puerto Rican store managers. It is fundamental that “[a] claim of disparate treatment based on comparative evidence must rest on proof that the proposed analogue is similarly situated in all material respects.” Perkins v. Brigham & Women's Hosp., 78 F.3d 747, 751 (1st Cir.1996). The comparison cases need not be perfect replicas. See Conward, 171 F.3d at 20. Rather, the test is whether a “prudent person, looking objectively at the incidents, would think them roughly equivalent and the protagonists similarly situated.” Dartmouth Review v. Dartmouth College, 889 F.2d 13, 19 (1st Cir.1989). Thus, in offering this comparative evidence, Rodríguez bears the burden of showing that the individuals with whom he seeks to be compared “have been subject to the same standards and have engaged in the same conduct without such differentiating or mitigating circumstances that would distinguish their conduct or the employer's treatment of them for it.” Mitchell v. Toledo Hosp., 964 F.2d 577, 583 (6th Cir.1992). Rodríguez's evidence fails to satisfy this test.
The comparative evidence submitted by Rodríguez consists of a performance evaluation of Russ Steiner, a non-Puerto Rican manager of the Hatillo Wal-Mart store. Rodríguez contends that he and Steiner were similarly situated to the extent that they were both managers of Wal-Mart stores, and their evaluations identify many of the same weaknesses and areas of improvement. Rodríguez argues that despite these similarities, Steiner received a rating of “met expectations,” while Rodríguez was rated as below expectations. Rodríguez further argues that Steiner was never subjected to an opinion survey, and was not demoted. In making this comparison, however, Rodríguez fails to take into account the fact that Steiner's evaluation was performed by a different supervisor,3 covered a different period of time, and related to a different store. Because Rodríguez's and Steiner's evaluations differ in these material respects, their comparison fails to support a finding that Wal-Mart acted inconsistently in its treatment of them. In short, we agree with the district court that a comparison of these evaluations yields no evidence of discrimination, but rather evidence of different opinions by different evaluators under different circumstances.
Rodríguez next contends that he was subjected to disparate treatment by Wal-Mart to the extent that he was held accountable for the results of an opinion survey, while no other non-Puerto Rican managers were subject to such an evaluation procedure. Rodríguez has presented no evidence to support this claim. However, even assuming arguendo that Rodríguez was in fact the only manager subjected to an opinion survey, this is not sufficient to prove intentional racial or national origin discrimination on the part of Wal-Mart. While this may prove disparate treatment, there is simply no evidence that such treatment was on account of Rodríguez's status as a Puerto Rican. Absent such evidence, Rodríguez cannot avert summary judgment.
The same problem undermines Rodríguez's claim that the timing of his evaluations by Cahill raises a “serious inference of suspicious motives.” (Pl.'s Resp. to Def.'s Dispositive Mot. at 15.) Cahill's initial November 17, 1994 evaluation was rendered only eight months after Rodríguez started as manager of the Fajardo store, and four months prior to his anniversary date of March 1995. Rodríguez points to Wal-Mart's Associate Handbook as evidence that it was Wal-Mart's standard operating procedure to evaluate its associates annually, on or near the associate's anniversary date. Rodríguez contends that Wal-Mart's deviation from this standard operating procedure is evidence that Wal-Mart's proffered reasons for demoting him were mere pretexts for discrimination.4 Again, we disagree. As this court has previously explained, “[c]ourts may not sit as super personnel departments, assessing the merits-or even the rationality of employers' nondiscriminatory business decisions.” Mesnick, 950 F.2d at 825. Although the evaluation process may not have treated Rodríguez fairly, there is simply no evidence that Wal-Mart's hasty evaluation was a pretext for unlawful discrimination.
In sum, Rodríguez has presented evidence that the reasons proffered by Wal-Mart for his demotion may have been inaccurate. He has also presented evidence that he may have been treated differently from other Wal-Mart managers to the extent that he was subjected to an opinion survey. But the fatal weakness in Rodríguez's case is his failure to present any evidence that Wal-Mart's actions were predicated on the basis of race or national origin.5 Unfortunately for Rodríguez, Title VII does not stop a company from demoting an employee for any reason-fair or unfair-so long as the decision to demote does not stem from a protected characteristic, here, race or ethnicity. See Mesnick, 950 F.2d at 825. Based on our careful review of the record, we agree with the district court that Rodríguez failed to present sufficient evidence with respect to the ultimate issue in this case: whether Wal-Mart's proffered reason for demoting him was actually a pretext for unlawful discrimination.
After the district court's grant of summary judgment, Rodríguez filed a motion requesting a continuance in order to conduct further discovery pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(f).6 The gist of Rodríguez's argument is that he was misled by the district court into believing that the only issue to be resolved by summary judgment was the legal issue of whether § 1981 was intended to protect Puerto Ricans working in Puerto Rico.7 As a result, Rodríguez claims that his pre-judgment discovery efforts and the evidence he submitted in opposition to Wal-Mart's motion were limited to that specific legal issue. In light of the district court's unexpected ruling on the merits, Rodríguez argues that the court's denial of his Rule 56(f) motion for a continuance constituted an abuse of discretion.
“It is well settled that the trial judge has broad discretion in ruling on pre-trial management matters.” Ayala-Gerena, 95 F.3d at 91. An appellate court will intervene in such matters “only upon a clear showing of manifest injustice, that is, where the lower court's discovery order was plainly wrong and resulted in substantial prejudice to the aggrieved party.” Id. (quoting Mack v. Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co., 871 F.2d 179, 186 (1st Cir.1989)). After careful review of the record, we conclude that the district court acted within its discretion in denying Rodríguez's post-judgment motion for a continuance.
Although we agree that the district court did not act in accordance with its own instructions and orders, we do not agree that the court's inconsistency resulted in “substantial prejudice” to Rodríguez. Rodríguez's contention that he limited his discovery efforts and legal arguments to the specific legal issue of whether Puerto Ricans working in Puerto Rico are protected by § 1981 is disingenuous. It is clear from our review of the record that, like the district court itself, both parties disregarded the court's limiting order. In its motion to dismiss, Wal-Mart never even addressed the issue of whether § 1981 protected Puerto Ricans working in Puerto Rico, but rather directly challenged the merits of Rodríguez's claim. Similarly, each of Rodríguez's three oppositions marshaled factual evidence in support of his Title VII claim. In short, both parties blatantly disregarded the court's categorization of the issue and briefed all three stages of a § 1981 claim under the McDonnell Douglas framework.
In order to “savor the balm” of Rule 56(f), a party must move for a discovery continuance in a timely fashion. Massachusetts Sch. of Law at Andover, Inc. v. American Bar. Assoc., 142 F.3d 26, 44 (1st Cir.1998). Although Rodríguez requested time for additional discovery as early as his initial opposition, he never claimed an inability to avert “the swing of the summary judgment axe.” Paterson-Leitch Co. v. Mass. Municipal Wholesale Elec. Co., 840 F.2d 985, 989 (1st Cir.1988). Instead, Rodríguez continually maintained that he had provided sufficient evidence to raise the specter of intentional racial and/or ethnic discrimination and withstand summary judgment on all grounds argued by Wal-Mart. Even Rodríguez's Rule 56(f) motion requested, in the alternative, that judgment be vacated on the ground that he had adduced sufficient evidence to preclude summary disposition of his claim.
In this respect, Rodríguez's position is similar to that of the Title VII plaintiffs in Ayala-Gerena, who did not claim that they were unable to oppose summary judgment because of incomplete discovery, but rather, maintained that “although incomplete ․ [these records] clearly reveal discriminatory animus.” Ayala-Gerena, 95 F.3d at 92 n. 4. Ordinarily, a party “may not attempt to meet a summary judgment challenge head-on but fall back on Rule 56(f) if its first effort is unsuccessful.” C.B. Trucking, Inc. v. Waste Management, Inc., 137 F.3d 41, 44 (1st Cir.1998).
In addition, Rodríguez never sufficiently identified the outstanding discovery that he believed would influence the outcome of the summary judgment motion. See Resolution Trust Corp. v. North Bridge Assocs., Inc., 22 F.3d 1198, 1203 (1st Cir.1994) (Rule 56(f) motion “should set forth a plausible basis for believing that specified facts, susceptible of collection within a reasonable time frame, probably exist; and it should indicate how the emergent facts, if adduced, will influence the outcome of the pending summary judgment motion.”). In his third supplemental motion in opposition to summary judgment, Rodríguez merely stated that he was “unable to provide in this Motion the additional evidence he anticipated,” (Pl.'s Supp. Mot. to His Opp. to Summ. Disposition at 2), without specifying what that additional evidence was or how it might affect the pending motion.
Finally, we agree with the district court that Rodríguez had adequate time to conduct discovery, or at least to marshal enough evidence to properly support a Rule 56(f) request for a continuance. Even assuming that Rodríguez did not initiate the discovery process until the district court's April 30 discovery order, almost nine months elapsed until judgment was granted on January 13, 1998.8 During this time, Rodríguez never requested concrete measures by the district court to intervene in discovery. As a result, we conclude that the district court acted within its discretion in denying Rodríguez's Rule 56(f) motion for a continuance to conduct further discovery.
For the above reasons, we affirm the district court's grant of summary judgment in favor of defendant-appellee Wal-Mart.
1. It is important to note that the burden that shifts to the defendant-employer is only a burden of production, not a burden of persuasion. See Burdine, 450 U.S. at 253, 101 S.Ct. 1089; Mesnick v. General Electric Co., 950 F.2d 816, 823 (1st Cir.1991). “The ultimate burden of persuading the trier of fact that the defendant intentionally discriminated against the plaintiff remains at all times with the plaintiff.” Burdine, 450 U.S. at 253, 101 S.Ct. 1089.
4. We note that our review of the Associate Handbook does not support Rodríguez's claim with respect to Wal-Mart's standard operating procedure. The Handbook states that “[d]epending on your division, you may receive an evaluation every six months or once per year.” In addition, the Handbook states that the evaluations will be conducted “at or near” the associate's anniversary date. We are not convinced that the language in the Handbook is definite enough to establish the standard operating procedure claimed by Rodríguez.
5. Rodríguez asserts that the district court's analysis was flawed to the extent that it conflicted with the Court's holding in Hicks that “the factfinder's disbelief of the reasons put forward by the defendant (particularly if disbelief is accompanied by a suspicion of mendacity) may, together with the elements of the prima facie case, suffice to show intentional discrimination.” 509 U.S. at 512, 113 S.Ct. 2742 (emphasis added). Rodríguez contends that Hicks and Woodman v. Haemonetics Corp., 51 F.3d 1087 (1st Cir.1995), both stand for the proposition that rejection of the employer's proffered reason is sufficient to infer intentional discrimination and therefore for a Title VII plaintiff to survive summary judgment. (Pl.'s Appellate Br. at 22-23.) We disagree. In Hicks, the Court made it clear that in order to survive summary judgment, a Title VII plaintiff must present sufficient evidence not only that the employer's proffered reason is false but also that the real reason is discrimination. See Hicks, 509 U.S. at 515, 113 S.Ct. 2742. Likewise, in Woodman this court recognized that a plaintiff-employee may rely upon the same evidence to establish both pretext and discrimination, provided that the evidence is adequate to enable a rational factfinder reasonably to infer that unlawful discrimination was a determinative factor in the adverse employment action. See Woodman, 51 F.3d at 1092. Neither Hicks nor Woodman stands for the mechanical per se proposition that Rodríguez advances.
6. Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(f) provides:Should it appear from the affidavits of a party opposing the motion that the party cannot for reasons stated present by affidavit facts essential to justify the party's opposition, the court may refuse the application for judgment or may order a continuance to permit affidavits to be obtained or depositions to be taken or discovery to be had or may make such other order as is just.
8. In his brief on appeal, Rodríguez suggests that the discovery process did not commence until the district court's April 30 order. However, there is evidence in the record that the discovery process was initiated prior to the Initial Scheduling Conference held on January 17, 1997.


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NIV 26 In the sixth month of Elizabeth’s pregnancy, God sent the angel Gabriel to Nazareth, a town in Galilee, NIV 26 In the sixth month of Elizabeth’s pregnancy, God sent the angel Gabriel to Nazareth, a town in Galilee, NIV 27 to a virgin pledged to be married to a man named Joseph, a descendant of David. The virgin’s name was Mary. NIV 27 to a virgin pledged to be married to a man named Joseph, a descendant of David. The virgin’s name was Mary. NIV 28 The angel went to her and said, “Greetings, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you.” NIV 28 The angel went to her and said, “Greetings, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you.” NIV 29 Mary was greatly troubled at his words and wondered what kind of greeting this might be. NIV 29 Mary was greatly troubled at his words and wondered what kind of greeting this might be. NIV 30 But the angel said to her, “Do not be afraid, Mary; you have found favor with God. NIV 30 But the angel said to her, “Do not be afraid, Mary; you have found favor with God. NIV 31 You will conceive and give birth to a son, and you are to call him Jesus. NIV 31 You will conceive and give birth to a son, and you are to call him Jesus. NIV 32 He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give him the throne of his father David, NIV 32 He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give him the throne of his father David, NIV 33 and he will reign over Jacob’s descendants forever; his kingdom will never end.” NIV 33 and he will reign over Jacob’s descendants forever; his kingdom will never end.” NIV 34 “How will this be,” Mary asked the angel, “since I am a virgin?” NIV 34 “How will this be,” Mary asked the angel, “since I am a virgin?” NIV 35 The angel answered, “The Holy Spirit will come on you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. So the holy one to be born will be called the Son of God. NIV 35 The angel answered, “The Holy Spirit will come on you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. So the holy one to be born will be called the Son of God. NIV 36 Even Elizabeth your relative is going to have a child in her old age, and she who was said to be unable to conceive is in her sixth month. NIV 36 Even Elizabeth your relative is going to have a child in her old age, and she who was said to be unable to conceive is in her sixth month. NIV 37 For no word from God will ever fail.” NIV 37 For no word from God will ever fail.” NIV 38 “I am the Lord’s servant,” Mary answered. “May your word to me be fulfilled.” Then the angel left her. NIV 38 “I am the Lord’s servant,” Mary answered. “May your word to me be fulfilled.” Then the angel left her.
NIV 26 In the sixth month of Elizabeth’s pregnancy, God sent the angel Gabriel to Nazareth, a town in Galilee, NIV 27 to a virgin pledged to be married to a man named Joseph, a descendant of David. The virgin’s name was Mary. NIV 28 The angel went to her and said, “Greetings, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you.” NIV 29 Mary was greatly troubled at his words and wondered what kind of greeting this might be. NIV 30 But the angel said to her, “Do not be afraid, Mary; you have found favor with God. NIV 31 You will conceive and give birth to a son, and you are to call him Jesus. NIV 32 He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give him the throne of his father David, NIV 33 and he will reign over Jacob’s descendants forever; his kingdom will never end.” NIV 34 “How will this be,” Mary asked the angel, “since I am a virgin?” NIV 35 The angel answered, “The Holy Spirit will come on you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. So the holy one to be born will be called the Son of God. NIV 36 Even Elizabeth your relative is going to have a child in her old age, and she who was said to be unable to conceive is in her sixth month. NIV 37 For no word from God will ever fail.” NIV 38 “I am the Lord’s servant,” Mary answered. “May your word to me be fulfilled.” Then the angel left her.

industry_corpus2: Others


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In the world of communications, less and less is done using paper. So, the paperless office may still be a dream, but paperless communication is becoming a de facto reality. However, despite the popularity and ubiquity of e-mail, fax use remains persistent and surprisingly high. Many sectors are holding on to the fax as a way of communication. These include accountants, lawyers, travel agents, purchasing managers, etc. Ordinary consumers also need to fax documents from time to time in order to work with the above sectors, as well as insurance companies, medical care providers, and so on. Internet fax services allow people to send and receive faxes, without having to purchase an actual fax machine. Fax machines themselves are not in such common use.
The system is End-to-end solution for Wi-Fi Data Offload Aimed at cellular operators.
Wi-Fi offload is a win-win proposition for cellular operators, MVNOs, cable providers, Smart City networks, Wi-Fi infrastructure vendors and their subscribers. Your customers seek Wi-Fi networks whenever possible to obtain a faster and higher quality mobile data experience. And as the number of smartphones and tablets increases exponentially, demand for data bandwidth is ever increasing. A seamless Wi-Fi offload solution designed by experts can provide your subscribers with a unified virtual data network that is comprised of both the cellular and Wi-Fi networks. This enables handsets and tablets to automatically switch between networks and connect to Wi-Fi access points as often as possible, seamlessly and without any manual steps or confirmations on the part of the subscriber. The Wi-Fi connection profile is set by the operator according to a variety of parameters and thresholds, such as offloading to Wi-Fi whenever Wi-Fi offers a better data connection than the cellular network.
Cellular operators: reducing the load on their 3G/4G cellular networks, each Wi-Fi hotspot function as on more cell tower.
MVNOs: reducing the cost of data paid to legacy carriers.
Smart City: offering free Wi-Fi to residents in the municipal area.
Cable companies and Wi-Fi vendors: offering paid Wi-Fi to a variety of private and commercial customers.
Home and business Wi-Fi Offloading: Either at no charge or paid.
Wi-Fi offload solutions, such as OnRoad Wi-Fi, provide all these types of companies – each with differing priorities – the ability to offer their subscribers one virtual network. Each company can use the OnRoad Wi-Fi Profile Server to tailor the Wi-Fi connectivity settings to meet their needs and the customers’ expectations. Cellular operators and MVNOs are strategically building up their proprietary and partner Wi-Fi networks, effectively transitioning from radio-only networks to providers of integrated radio and Wi-Fi networks, to supply subscribers with unparalleled data possibilities. Smart City and Wi-Fi vendors can benefit from smart load balancing solutions within their Wi-Fi assets and manage the APs while delivering a superior data experience to their users.
OnRoad Wi-Fi is an end-to-end solution that provides both operators and users with a superior experience while providing maximal savings to operators.
OnRoad Wi-Fi: a single system to manage data offloads on an integrated Wi-Fi and cellular network.
Partner Communications commenced full commercial operations in January 1999 and by 31 March 2001 had over 1 million subscribers, representing an estimated 21% of the cellular market in Israel at that time. As of June 2016 it has 2.7 million subscribers. The prefix (area code) for Partner customers is 054, although customers who requested to keep their old number from a different cellular company may have a different area code, as required by law. On 15 January 2007 Partner was granted a license to provide terrestrial telecommunications nationwide which gives it the option to operate a wired telephony; initially the service was provided for large businesses only. On 1 January 2009, the company commercially launched its ISP services and Landline services (based on the Session Initiation Protocol) for private users and small businesses. These services rely on the combination of Nokia Siemens Network core services and Siemens Gigaset residential gateway. The combination of these allowed Partner to launch several unique services such as multiple calls on a single line, or *77 which allows users to choose whether to answer an incoming call on their home phone or their Orange mobile phone.
013 Netvision Ltd. engages in the provision of Internet services in Israel. The company also provides information security, hosting, anti-virus services, Website filtering, domestic and international calls, call center, outsourcing, and international telephony services, as well as offers complex Internet and Intranet, and integrated communications networks. It serves banks, government offices, newspapers, academic institutions, telecom companies, and industrial and high-tech companies, as well as business parks. The company is based in Rosh Ha'ayin, Israel. 013 Netvision Ltd. is a subsidiary of Cellcom Israel.
Bezeq International (BI), Israel's leading internet and international telecommunications provider, was founded in 1996 as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bezeq, the Israeli Telecommunications Corp. Ltd, Israel's largest telecom group. Today, Bezeq International is considered a market-leader in all of its core fields of expertise, providing comprehensive communications solutions in Internet, Telephony (International, Domestic and Intra-Organizational), IT and Cloud Computing Services, Hosting, Data Communications and Information Security Solutions.
As of December 3, 2006, 012 Golden Lines Ltd. was acquired by B Communications Ltd. 012 Golden Lines Ltd. provides international communications services for telephony and Internet in Israel. The company’s services to business customers include various Internet connectivity services for businesses; international dialing services from anywhere to anywhere worldwide; and data communications. It also provides inland and international VPN services, information security solutions, and data center services, including Web site hosting and Co-location. The company provides private customers with a range of Internet services, including regular dialing, broadband fast Internet on cables and ADSL, and wireless Internet. It also offers 012 mail - email services that include the use of a personal mailbox from any computer, anti virus, anti spam, content filtering, surfing from anywhere in the world, daily business, and current affairs magazines directly to email. The company was founded in 1997 and is based in Petach-Tikva, Israel.
Hot Mobile (formerly known as Mirs Communications Ltd. until May 2012), is a wireless telecommunications company based in Israel and a subsidiary of Hot Telecommunication Systems Ltd. (HOT).
Hot Mobile provides nationwide wireless service using UMTS in the 2100Mhz band, with supplemented coverage through a domestic roaming agreement with Partner (until they reach full coverage). The company also operates a separate legacy network utilizing Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN) technology (in the 800Mhz SMR band) with PTT service that appeals mainly to businesses and large organizations.
While Vayosoft targets markets including fixed and wireless network service providers, ISPs and large enterprises, our primary focus is on large scale mobile and web solution systems for the telecommunication companies.
This allows operators to preserve their investment, maintain their customer base while at the same time offer new and corporate services to expanding and demanding markets.
Vayosoft mission is to continue to be the advanced messaging industry leader by providing technology innovations to achieve efficient, flexible and economical communications, through all types of media, including Internet, mobile and fixed-line telephony service providers throughout the world.
Vayosoft in R&D, sales and support activities are augmented by strong strategic alliances. Vayosoft partners with the leading companies in order to provide complete, best of breed solutions for network operators.

industry_corpus2: Computing & Telecommunications


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One of my favourite writers is Elizabeth Gilbert. I first heard of her from the TED playlist about creativity – I absolutely loved her talk about the tortured genius and the creative process so I looked her up. I discovered that she was most famous for her book Eat, Pray Love, which I still haven’t read. But I have read another two of hers – well I say “read” – I have listened to the audio books whilst travelling and painting.
One was The Signature of All Things, a truly amazing novel, and the other was Big Magic.
A couple of the stories from her TED talk were also in Big Magic, but so was so much more. Its an amazing discussion of the creative process – and the magic that’s contained within. The one story that has always stayed with me though, was the one about the poet Ruth Stone.
It all just felt so incredible. I’m not sure I’ve ever forgotten this story, and mused upon it often.
< Previous Ch Ch Ch Ch Changes….
I love this! I find a very similar thing happens when I’m inspired to paint a certain image whilst not currently with paper or canvas in front of me- sometimes I lose these flashes of inspiration if I don’t immediately at least write them down. I always hope it’s like having a cat live with you, at some point that idea will slink its way back to me.

industry_corpus2: Literature & Emotions


text: CVS.com price. Price after $5 Extra Bucks when you buy 2 Maybelline Cosmetics, $3 off CVS store coupon (Coupon varies by user) & 10% beauty club savings. Limit 1. One example.


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Local Government Pension Scheme (LGPS) pension benefits are guaranteed in statute by the government which means that the performance of the Fund's investments will not affect the pension benefits a member would receive.
The Investments Team are responsible for all the investment and financial aspects of the Cornwall Pension Fund. Their main role is to implement and monitor compliance with the Fund's Investment Strategy which is set by the Cornwall Pension Fund and the Pension Committee.
The Fund's assets are managed externally by investment managers, details of which can be found in the Cornwall Pension Fund Annual Report. The Fund has investments in different asset classes and global markets.
The Cornwall Pension Fund represents over 130 local employers and has over £1.7bn of assets in custody.

industry_corpus2: Finance & Economics


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A hernia (or “rupture”) is a weakness or defect in the wall of the abdomen. A hernia will not heal on its own. Surgery is needed to repair the defect in the abdominal wall. If not treated, a hernia can get larger. It can also lead to serious health complications. Fortunately hernia surgery can be done quickly and safely. Below is an overview of hernia repair surgery.
Tell your healthcare provider about any medicines, supplements, or herbs you take. This includes both prescription and over-the-counter items. Ask if you should stop taking any of them.
Stop taking aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, and other NSAIDs 7 to 14 days before surgery.
Surgery treats a hernia by repairing the weakness in the abdominal wall. Most hernias are treated using “tension-free” repairs. This is surgery that uses special mesh materials to repair the weak area. The mesh covers the weak area like a patch. The mesh is made of strong, flexible plastic that stays in the body. Over time, nearby tissues grow into the mesh to strengthen the repair.
When the procedure is over, you’ll be taken to the recovery area to rest. Your blood pressure and heart rate will be monitored. You’ll also have a bandage over the surgical site. To help reduce discomfort, you’ll be given pain medicines. You may also be given breathing exercises to keep your lungs clear. Later you’ll be asked to get up and walk. This helps prevent blood clots in the legs. You can go home when your healthcare provider says you’re ready.

industry_corpus2: Health & Medicine


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Our experienced data recovery technicians are available to help you 24 hours per day, seven days a week. If you would prefer not to call our toll-free number above, please feel free to fill in the following contact form and a technician will get back to you as soon as possible. Please fill in as much of the information as you can, as it will help us to better diagnose your hard drive failure issue.
The asterisk denotes a required field.


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New car dealership locator, search our database of volkswagen Car Dealerships.
Look through our list of official franchised volkswagen Dealers, locally and throughout the UK. Alternatively you may browse through our Used volkswagen Cars database to locate the new car of your choice.
Based In Buckinghamshire, Citygate Chalfont offers local motoring Volkswagen drivers New and Used Volkswagens, Service and Parts departments and a VW specialised Bodyshop, to fulfill every need.

industry_corpus2: Automobiles


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in the defining document (RFC 5802).
|              SASL Mechanisms", RFC 5802, July 2010.
Rationale: Align quoted title of RFC 5802 with published version.


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What can you tell job seekers about Club Staffing's Health Insurance?"
Glassdoor is your resource for information about the Health Insurance benefits at Club Staffing. Learn about Club Staffing Health Insurance, including a description from the employer, and comments and ratings provided anonymously by current and former Club Staffing employees.


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industry_corpus2: Manufacturing


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Fascinated by the filmy characters’ body act? Do you just adore the tattoos that adorn the hands and shoulders of athletes? What are you waiting for? Just get one. Yes, you should. Tattoos can be lovely, bold and even tricky. You can choose what you like. Not only designs but letter, punctuation marks and ever messages can be done on the skin. There will a riot of colors if you want. The thing is that a tattoo will just show your grand style or may be a striking uniqueness. People who are still debilitating on getting a tattoo shouldn’t worry before getting one. Just go ahead and get a tattoo. Here I am presenting some reasons that will definitely lure you to a tattoo parlor.
A person who loves color is welcome to the tattoo world. Long gone the days when there was only one tattoo ink! Now, there are many. Trained artists can create a beautiful design with many colors. This will help you to show the colourful side of your character. These will never get old. The colours on your skin will create a charm. Everyday a riot of color on your skin will look fresh and trendy. Just visit a dermatologist before you get the tattoo to take necessary precaution.
Yes, of course you can get names tattooed on your skin. Though it will not be good to have your ex’s name on your body, it doesn’t look bad either. Laser pigmentation removal process will remove it too. You can show your love and announce it before the world with the name tattooed. If you are crazy fan of someone, just show your dedication with getting the celebrity’s name tattooed. There is so much more. You can choose removable tattoos or permanent ones according to your taste.
Music lover? Just get a small sign tattooed. It is small, cute and also beautiful. Get a star or the any design you like. There are many things that we love. Anything can be tattooed on the skin. Just choose your thing and it will be on your skin.


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Pulmodyne BiTrac NIV Circuit, NIV/Invasive Bilevel applications. Disposable. 10 per case.
72" Smooth ID Tubing with attached filter, swivel connector and exhalation port, cap plug. Includes optional 24" tubing with "T". MRI Compatible. Single Patient Use. Latex Free. Made in USA.


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Working condition. Some Scratches on glass. Strap not original, need to change . Last servicing unknown. No paper no box. Authentic if not fully refund.
Up for sale is omegs "dirty dozens" military with markings all over back case. Dial might be relume by previous owner.
(On hold)Lemania Chronograph 18k solid rose gold.
Portable case for your luxury watchs fits nicely and protects your watchs from scratch.


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This Cub cadet parts manual for model 2082 sn 821060 836000 pdf contains help for troubleshooting and will support you how to fix your problems immediately. Perfect for all DIY persons!. Your Do-It-Yourself specialist for service manuals, workshop manuals, factory manuals, owner manuals, spare parts catalog and user manuals. Also, operating manuals, instruction manuals, shop manuals, illustrated parts lists, maintenance manuals, technical workshop manuals, and repair guide online. You may also like documents download: Cub cadet parts manual for model 2082 sn 800000 821059.
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Florida Football: Does Sharrif Floyd's Adoption by Benefactor Pass Smell Test?
With high school players being marketed by third-party representatives, guarding against student athletes receiving illegal benefits and deciding on which social media outlets are proper to use at what times of the year, the NCAA certainly has its hands full these days.
We can now add another issue to the agenda.
Rachel George of USA Today reported on Tuesday that Florida defensive lineman Sharrif Floyd receives benefits that would normally be impermissible by NCAA rules from a businessman who legally adopted him.
Kevin Lahn, a businessman who provided impermissible benefits to Floyd last season that triggered a two-game suspension, became Floyd's adoptive father after the suspension. The move allows Lahn the ability to provide for Floyd, which so far has included an SUV, a credit card and a trip to Disney World, according to the report.
Is this the story of a family persevering or an exploitation of an NCAA loophole?
It's hard to judge what's in someone's heart, but even if the adoption is from the heart, it's clearly both.
The NCAA—wisely—told George that it addresses issues of adoption on a case-by-case basis. Considering the emotional attachment that theoretically could be present, that's the right approach.
Considering Lahn was disassociated by the University of South Carolina—his alma mater—for making impermissible inducements to recruits through the Student Athlete Mentoring Foundation, the skepticism surrounding the story is certainly justified.
Lahn certainly doesn't help himself by essentially admitting that he is drawn to elite athletes.
"None of my family members are good athletes, me included," Lahn said, "so with my genes I would never have the opportunity to give birth to kids who play football or basketball in college at such a high level."
That, along with the fact that Lahn has provided impermissible benefits in the past and been disassociated from an SEC school as a result, raises red flags all over the place.
However, the situation passes the smell test because it already has.
Lahn and Floyd were forthcoming with Florida's compliance office during the adoption process and after, when Lahn hosted a birthday party on a rented yacht for Floyd and several friends, some of whom are part of the Gator football program.
Questionable? Yes. You don't run party plans by the compliance department unless there's at least a little doubt.
Florida isn't going to jeopardize its season by playing a potentially ineligible player who already has been suspended by the NCAA unless it feels comfortable with the situation.
Because of that, we have to take Lahn and Floyd at their word unless there's a reason not to.

industry_corpus2: Sports


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Sometimes, good (marketing) lessons come from bad places. For instance, the dark web gives us great lessons about branding, reputation and social proof.
And here is another one. It is an interview with an ex-drug dealer, Coss Marte, for the Gimlet Media’s podcast Start-up.
Just fascinating. Have a listen, and let me know what you think.
Posted on June 17, 2016 June 16, 2016 by anacanhotoPosted in Marketing in everyday lifeTagged Coss Marte, Dark side, Gimlet Media, Podcast, Positioning, Segmentation, Start-up, Targeting.


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On Rosh Hashanah it is written and on Yom Kippur it is sealed: how many will pass from the earth and how many will be created….But during the Days of Awe, Repentance, Prayer and Charity can avert a severe decree.
Some of Judaism’s most beautiful and compelling music has been inspired at this sacred time of year. The importance, emotion and solemnity of the music of the Holy Days represent the highest achievements of the cantorial art. The Judaica Sound Archives at Florida Atlantic University Libraries is proud of its outstanding collection of cantorial recordings. During the next few weeks the JSA will highlight some of the great cantors of the past and present singing the music of the High Holy Days.
The incredible lyrical tenor voice of Cantor Leib Glantz evokes the feeling and intensity of the old “Ba’al T’filoh” of Eastern European Jewish communities. Through his voice and his compositions we can be transported through time to an era long gone, but not forgotten.
Glantz combined his cantorial art with fervent and tireless Zionist activism. He edited a Zionist newspaper and was a leader in the Zionist movement in Eastern Europe, the United States, and finally, Israel.
Leib Glantz was a great scholar who explored the origins of Jewish music and firmly established the historical continuity of Jewish music from its beginning in the Holy Temples of Jerusalem to modern times. He also founded an Academy for Cantors in the Tel Aviv Institute for Jewish Liturgical Music.
← Where has all the Jewish music gone?

industry_corpus2: Subject Education


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This HowTo will give you an idea for a present for your girlfriend (or whoever) since, surprise, valentinsday is coming closer!
The result is a little self-made object that shows the initials of two people in a heart. It kind of looks like a hologramm so its really modern.
Since im tinkering around with FTIR and multitouch sensors, building something like this for my girlfriend was not avoidable.
First thing of course is to measure everything out and to plan what we will build.
Since we need a box for the present to be presented in, i decided to use 5mm thick plexiglas to build one. I got it from my local constuction supplies store, little parts can also be retrieved from glas factories (they seperate a lot of stuff out because its too little for them, but thats just right for us).
Measurements and dimensions vary, depending on how you want to box your electronics, my final board is about 7x3cm.
When cutting, its better to leave the securityfoil on the plexiglas and to use a high rotation of the blade whilst going slowly with cutting. This way the plastic wont sliver and you have plenty of opportunities to correct your cuttingpath.
Cutting the heart is the hardest. Drawing on the foil helps a lot, but im even bad at drawing hearts. Sanding the borders after i did a miserable job helped a lot. Dont use too fine of a sandpaper (I used P60).
Use the scapel or a pointy and sharp screwdriver to engrave the initials. It took me quite a while since i didnt want to have to cut the heart again. The deeper you scratch, the more light will be reflected in those scratches. You could also fill them with glue or some paint. Open for experiment.
And do remember to keep enough room for the wires to the battery and/or LED!
Now that you have all your parts seperate its time to put them together.
For the housing i used instant glue (which works really well on plexiglass and friends).
BE CAREFUL NOT TO GLUE YOUR FINGERS OR EYELIDS! USE AT YOUR OWN RISK!
There are many types of different techniques how a glue works, so read its instructions carefully in order to enable a clean an stable result.
My glew has two components, one to prepare the plastic and one to actually glew parts together. After pressing the parts together for about 10 seconds, they stay at their place. Really dried through probably after a little longer while.
Now its time to actually put all the parts into their new home.
Since we measured exactly, that should not be a problem.
In order to provide some power i had to build my own batteryslot.
My device needs about 4.5V so i put 3 times 1.5V AG4 LR625 377 batteries in series. In order to fix them to stay where they should, i installed a little spring which pushes them together. Soldering the specific wires to their contacts and installing the button is not a big deal.
After wiring everything up, i tested it, and then put the lid (which will hold the heart) on top. Glue again.
In total, i 'just' glued it to the lid of the box.
-using a lot of glue is the only truth.
After you installed your heart, let everything dry out totally (or tell your girlfriend/friend to let the present dry out totally).
Additionally you could use hotglue to make the seems and borders feel smooth. Will probably increase stability. Just an idea.
Hope you enjoyed this instructable and hope your partner will respect the effort (and in my case not the result).
Please feel free to comment and/or give feedback via email.
EDIT2: looks like this guy here took some inspiration from this project and did an awesome job on an acrylic heart. Unfortunately i dont know more about its developement, but it looks professional.
Some time ago I've done very similar lamp for my girlfriend :]. This lamp, called the "angel lamp" for a known reason :], is powered by a 9VDC adapter and inside the wooden chassis there is an electronic circuit which slowly lighten the lamp for a few minutes when the darkness comes. After few minutes the lamp slowly stop lighting. More infos (including circuit) on my website - in polish language only.
Hey how did you get the circuit to work? I got confused there.
Ditto here, where did the circuit board come from? It didn't show on the contents list? How do we go about with it, so the LEDS can fade colors?
great idea and good instructable. if i make one though the base box will be coated in something opaque. the led glare kind of out shines the heart glow and nothing should outshine love. also most people don't dig the circuitboard look.
compared to my device, the light is much more centered, and his deeper engravement (dremel!) is stronger visible!
this is so cool...if i had the time i would totaly do this right now!!!


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Kanga UK Ltd is a privately owned company established to support and develop the increasing demand and growth of the Kanga Loader product range throughout the UK and Europe.
Our passion, product knowledge and commitment to the Kanga brand may pleasantly surprise you, along with our comprehensive stock holding of the largest array of Kanga machines, attachments and associated spare parts outside Australia, which all combine to enable us to offer you an unparalleled and reactive service, whatever your requirements may be.
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If you would like to discover how a Kanga Loader could help you, please do not hesitate to contact us for further information or to arrange an obligation free demonstration local to you. Alternatively, why not contact us to arrange the hire of a Kanga loader, and try one of our mini marvels for yourself today!


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I was recently inspired to comment on this blog post, asking is R is a cure for ‘mindless statistics’. Anyone whose familiar with statistics used in applied fields like epidemiology, sociology, social sciences generally will be familiar with the idea of a ‘statistical ritual’. Rather than think about the proper statistical approach to every question, the researcher somewhat mindlessly follows the formula/cookbook they learned in classes. They apply what they know mindlessly, which gives rise to phrases like “When all you have is a t-test, everything looks like a comparison of normally distributed samples”. More after the jump.
Only a little bit better is allowing the software to do it for you. JMP or SPSS for example, will “helpfully” decide what test to apply, based on what data you’ve told it to use. But its a guess, and it takes place in a black box. That’s…bad.
The blogger above asked if R is the cure for this kind of thing. First, points to him for turning one of R’s greatest weaknesses, a steep learning curve, into a strength. The core of the idea is that by specifying everything, you’ll have to think about what you’re asking the software to do. You’ll choose the proper task, because you must choose.
It’s a promising concept, but I think the answer is “no”. It might help, but it’s not a cure. I’ll talk about a language I use more, which could have the same claim: SAS.
Simple code for a Cox proportional hazards model with an outcome with censoring, treatment, a covariate, and an interaction between treatment and the covariate. Seems like I’ve done a great deal of thinking – I have to specify how ties in the data are handled, where the output is going, etc. But really, as long as I have this snippet saved, I can plug new variables and datasets in whenever I have a “new” problem I think is appropriate. And if you Googled this code up, you could too, without really knowing what “ties=efron” means. Or how many options provided in PROC PHREG where I used the defaults.
The same is true for R. You can Google a solution, without ever knowing all the arguments a function could take, and you’ll get results out. You just did what the nice man (or woman) on the website told you to. I see it all the time with users of STATA, a program that sits somewhere in the middle between something like JMP and SAS or R (no offense STATA users, I also know some very good STATA coders). It’s still mindless, still ritualized…just a little more work.

industry_corpus2: Math & Statistics


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Crosstown Mechanical is dedicated to keeping our customers' commercial and industrial heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems working efficiently and cost effectively. Our professional team has gone through extensive training and has years of experience with a variety of different businesses including grocery and convenience stores, restaurants, hospitals, clinics, food warehouses, liquor stores, laboratories/R&D facilities, schools, and universities throughout Minneapolis, St. Paul and the surrounding area. And because we have teams that specialize in commercial refrigeration and HVAC, we're a one-stop shop. Don’t make a separate call if you need service within either area.
Crosstown Mechanical utilizes a service/dispatch system that helps track each repair that is completed to each piece of commercial and industrial air conditioning, heating, or ventilation equipment. Depending on how many times a particular item has been repaired, we can work together to decide if the equipment needs to be repaired or replaced. We also provide planned maintenance programs.
With proper maintenance intervals, monthly, quarterly, semi-annual, or annual maintenance, we can extend the life of your commercial and industrial HVAC equipment and eliminate service calls due to lack of maintenance.
For emergency 24/7 heating & cooling services, Crosstown Mechanical is centrally located and one of our service technicians can be onsite promptly in most cities in the Minneapolis-St Paul metro area. In addition, we have trucks located throughout the city at all times, so chances are very high that we'll respond to your commercial or industrial heating, cooling or ventilation emergency quickly.
Call 651-645-7020 or fill out our online form today.


text: "maliceful." YourDictionary, n.d. Web. 11 April 2019. <https://www.yourdictionary.com/maliceful>.


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Kelli Robbins of Holland, MA was welcomed to Rotary recently. She is an attorney and serves as the Executive Secretary to the Town of Holland. In her free time she enjoys reading and training seeing-eye dogs. Assisting with the induction ceremony are Past-President Larry Mandell who is Kelli’s sponsor and PDG Carl Kaliszewski.
PP Larry affixing Kelli’s pin and PDG Carl.
The Club was proud to present Carl Kaliszewski with a Rotary Foundation Paul Harris Fellow pin +7 which means Carl has earned this designation a total of eight times. Carl joined Rotary in 1993, served as President of the Webster/Dudley Club in 1996-97 and again in 2009-10 after his transfer to the Sturbridge Club. He also served as District Governor in 2004-05. Congratulations Carl for all your service to Rotary. Presenting Carl with his PHF pin is PDG Klaus Hachfeld.
The Installation of Officers for the new year took place in the wedding tent at the Publick House on a warm, beautiful evening. District Governor Jim Fusco officiated at the event. The evening began with Austin’s review of his year. He then presented awards to those who went above and beyond to demonstrate the Rotary motto of ‘Service Above Self’.
Dorothy for her work with Youth.
Lorraine for her dedication and her many years as treasurer of the Club.
Ken as Secretary of the Club.
Bob K. – A Service and Dedication Award.
Klaus – The Always There Award for handling all matters large or small.
Otto for his untiring efforts to provide excellent speakers consistently.
Pauline – The Presidents Award for writing the 44-year history of the Club, Club publicity, website News Blog and Facebook.
Phil – the Lifetime Rotarian Award for his many years on the Scholarship Committee and his continuous Club Service.
A Paul Harris Fellowship was bestowed on Honorary Rotarian Astri Carlson by her husband Phil. A proud moment!
A Paul Harris Fellowship for Astri Carlson.
New President Otto Prohaska (on left) with DG Jim Fusco.
Swearing in of Club Officers.
Assistant DG Cliff Gerber pins Austin with the Past President’s pin.
PP Austin was presented with a clock for his service as President.
Pauline presents PP Austin with the President’s Book for his year.
President Otto outlines his plan for 2016-2017.
The culmination of a wonderful evening!
Tony Yeulenski presented a very interesting program about Life Skills, Inc., a non-profit organization that provides a wide variety of services to individuals with intellectual, physical and emotional disabilities. Located in Webster, MA, the program continues to grow serving MA and CT. Besides the quality programs offered to the disabled, Life Skills also has a Thrift Store, a Best Buds Greenhouse, a ceramics studio whereby the products made by the clients are sold, and a Take 2 Bakery. Great services offered locally.
President Austin (right) presents a Rotary mug to Tony.

industry_corpus2: Law & Justice


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Audio recording of the Mando Mafia at Gravity Lounge, February 28, 2009 New!
Sore Foot - Original tune by Collin Gallahue performed at Clifftop 2008 New!
Mando Mafia at Galax 1989 This is the first appearance of a band called the Mando Mafia at the Galax Old Fiddlers Convention. Some of the musicians on stage formed the original band. Appearing as the Mando Mafia in this performance were Rick Friend, John Glick, Lew Prichard, Paul Rosen, Mike Williams, Pete Vigour, Kelly Perdue, and Scott Mathis. Be sure to read the full description on the YouTube video page.

industry_corpus2: Film & Entertainment


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Microsoft has launched its latest version of Windows 10 called Windows 10 S. The OS offers a familiar, productive Windows experience that’s streamlined for security and performance. It’s designed for education and to take on Chromebooks and Chrome OS.
Windows 10 S’ big selling point is that it’s locked down to the Microsoft App store, which might sound great for people who manage education computers but isn’t necessarily great for the families who own those computers.
This new OS version is locked to only work with Windows Store apps. That means you’ll need to find apps in the Store to download and install them, and many desktop apps like Photoshop and Chrome simply aren’t in the Store yet. Microsoft does allow developers to port their desktop apps into the Windows Store, but not many have taken advantage of this feature just yet. Microsoft also reports that it’s also unable to install drivers which aren’t approved by Microsoft – which could be bad news if you own an old printer or other hardware which isn’t officially supported.
However , Windows 10 S isn’t a lite version of Windows 10, and it looks and functions mostly the same. PC makers like HP and Acer will start selling laptops running Windows 10 S and schools can opt to switch from Windows 10 Pro to Windows 10 S free of charge.


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Established in 1985, we specialise in sheet metal fabrication for the IT, instrumentation and engineering industry sectors. Originally, we started fabricating cabinets and chassis for electronic companies.
With the development of our CNC production facilities, we now have the experience and expertise to offer sheet metal fabrication and manufacture of high quality components in mild steel, stainless steel and aluminium.
Our CNC forming machinery is able to receive data in a variety of CAD formats from email and enable us to print out complete engineering drawings in house.
Our CNC forming service is provided with our wealth of other services and support from drawing through to finished product. We have a diversity of other additions such as platting, painting, powder coating, silk screening, and engraving.
Our quality precision sheet metal fabrication provides an extensive range of services geared toward meeting our client's requirements.
Our range of precision sheet metal resources can offer CNC punching, CNC forming, welding, spot welding, and milling. We also offer turning, platting, painting, silk screening, and engraving. All our services and sheet metal fabrication applications are quality assured.


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Overcast with showers at times. Low 43F. Winds WSW at 10 to 15 mph. Chance of rain 60%..
Overcast with showers at times. Low 43F. Winds WSW at 10 to 15 mph. Chance of rain 60%.
On the second Wednesday of every month Floyd County Schools hosts a Pop-up Food Market at one of their high schools, giving away 10,000 pounds of food items to community members who need it.
“No one is turned away,” Donna Carver, child nutrition director, said.
The program is made possible by a partnership with the Atlanta Community Food Bank who provides all of the food, Carver said. Each family received one to two boxes of food based on their income level, which contained perishable and non-perishable items.
Families and community members lined up in the Coosa High School Auxiliary Gym Wednesday night to pick up their boxes containing milk, eggs, cheese, beans, deli ham, bakery goods and more depending on which box they received. Coosa High School students were on hand to help carry the boxes to the participant’s cars.
While working a registration table, La Donna Turrentine, principal of Coosa High School, said she was happy at the turnout of Coosa students who were volunteering. She said it was good to see how well her students worked together, especially those who don’t normally come into contact with each other on a school day.
The program came to Floyd County when members of ACFB approached Carver about a breakfast grant. The program, called the Mobile Food Pantry in Atlanta, was mentioned and Carver loved the idea. She said the representatives from the food bank were hesitant at first because the program had not been outside of Atlanta.
“We can do that,” Carver told them, and now she said Floyd County Schools does this program bigger than anyone in the Metro-Atlanta area.
The food comes from the ACFB and is stored at the Bagwell Food Pantry at Action Ministries. From there it is brought to one of the Floyd County High Schools by rollback truck courtesy of Harry’s Wrecker Services, and is unloaded by United Rentals using a forklift. The entire procedure costs the school system nothing and everything gets put into the community.
“Any time you can bring something into the community it’s a win,” Carver said.
There are families in the Floyd County community that struggle she added. It’s easier for students to succeed when they are not thinking about where their next meal is coming from.
Information for the event is spread through social media and each Pop-up Food Market serves from 400-420 families. December’s pop-up market was the fourth the county school system has hosted with the first being at Pepperell High School in September, which saw over 700 families. Carver said that has been the only time they have run out of food. The numbers have decreased since the first experience, however there has always been just enough food to send home with everyone.
The Pop-up Food Market is the same program as the ACFB’s Mobile Food Pantries, but the name was changed to take away stigma, said Carver. Pop-up Food Market makes it sound more inviting to community members. The next Pop-up Food Market will take place on Jan. 9 at Pepperell High School.


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Caja Laboral Vitoria avoided elimination and continues to fight for a Final Four berth after tying a franchise playoff record of 15 three-pointers in a 93-72 rout of CSKA Moscow in Game 3 of their best-of-five playoffs series at Fernando Buesa Arena in Vitoria, Spain on Wednesday night. CSKA suffered its worst defeat in playoffs history, but still holds a 2-1 lead in the series. Laboral hosts Game 4 on Friday, while a potential Game 5 would be played next week in Moscow. Laboral took the lead for good in the first quarter with triples from Nemanja and Milko Bjelica and pulled away in the second quarter with a 13-1 run that got them to 32-17 lead. With some impressive defense that held Sasha Kaun and Viktor Khryapa scoreless, and after Thomas Heurtel’s run of 8 points just before halftime, Laboral took a 19-point lead into the break. The hosts cruised to a big victory in the second half, with their lead reaching as many as 34 points before CSKA cut it in the fourth quarter. Heurtel bagged 21 points on 5-of-6 three-point shooting, while Milko Bjelica had 15 points in 15 minutes on the floor, shooting 3 for 3 behind the arc. Nemanja Bjelica had 13 points and 7 rebounds, all in the first half, and Andres Nocioni chipped in with 10 points in victory. Nenad Krstic scored 12 for CSKA, Vladimir Micov and Aaron Jackson each had 11, while Sonny Weems and Zoran Erceg scored 10 apiece in defeat.
Neither team scored for almost two minutes at the start of the game before Weems nailed a jumper to start the scoring. Nocion made a fastbreak layup to open Laboral's account, but offenses struggled early on and baskets were few and far between on both ends of the floor. Weems drove baseline for a dunk and 4-4, but Milko Bjelica and Nemanja Bjelica each nailed a triple, and 2 free throws from Nocioni put the hosts up 12-4. With some physical defense, Laboral kept CSKA without a field goal for more than four minutes, before Milos Teodosic snapped the visitors’ scoring drought with a jumper. He added couple of foul shots to the tally, but Nemanja Bjelica sank another triple for 15-8. However, in the final 50 seconds of the quarter, Krstic scored from close range and Teodosic from long range, cutting it to 15-14 after 10 minutes.
Nemanja Bjelica hit a jumper to open the second quarter and Heurtel drove for a layup and 19-14. Krstic and Tibor Pleiss traded baskets inside as both teams seemed to get into their offensive rhythm, but the hosts pulled away. Fernando San Emeterio made 2 foul shots and Nemanja Bjelica’s tough floater extended Laboral’s lead to 25-17. With emotions starting to run high, Teodosic and San Emeterio got into a face-to-face argument, and Laboral coach Zan Tabak was awarded a technical. But, in between those two, San Emeterio hit a long jumper, Maciej Lampe made a shot from close range, and Nemanja Bjelica nailed his third shot from behind the arc for 32-17. CSKA’s only field goal in the final nine minutes of the half was a jumper from Weems for 34-21, but before the quarter’s end Heurtel got red-hot, sinking a couple of triples and a jumper and giving the hosts 43-24 halftime lead.
Erceg opened the third quarter with a layup, but Nocioni’s triple and a pair of fouls shots from Milko Bjelica made it 48-26. After a layup from Teodosic, Lampe answered with a basket inside, before Fabien Causeur made layup, then missed additional free throw, but grabbed his miss and nailed a triple for 55-30. Krstic tried to get the visitors going with a basket-plus-foul, but back-to-back-to-back triples from San Emeterio, Milko Bjelica and Omar Cook extended it to 70-37. Aaron Jackson finished the quarter with a layup, making it 70-39 after 30 minutes.
Milko Bjelica nailed a triple to open the fourth quarter, and Vladimir Micov answered from downtown for the visitors. With minds already on Game 4 and most of the starters already sitting on the bench, Dmitry Sokolov, Erceg and Anton Ponkrashov all scored baskets inside, and Micov hit another triple for 77-52. Tibor Pleiss scored three times inside for Laboral, including a basket-plus-foul, to help keep the margin in the 20s, while Sokolov made a dunk and Erceg and Jackson nailed triples for the visitors, 84-62. Micov made a layup and Ponkrashov hit CSKA’s fifth triple of the final quarter, but the game was already out of hand for the visitors. Heurtel and Jackson traded triples, before Heurtel rounded out the scoring hitting twice more from long range.
"As I said in the previous days, neither what we saw in Moscow, nor what we saw tonight here, is something real. I would say it’s in the middle. We played great defense in the first two periods. They scored just 14 and 10 points in that time, and that enabled us to overcome the problems we found in offense, when we were not very accurate. Our attitude was radically different tonight. There is no magic here, we changed a couple of things in our game; we cannot make deep changes at this point. But we played with a different level of energy. I think this young team got rid of that weight some players had in terms of respect to CSKA. The team knows now that we’re able to play at their level and beat them. The next game won’t be like this one, but it won’t be like the two we played in Moscow either. They will recover, they are going to play better, rebound better, will play at a different level for sure. I didn’t like the last quarter, as we allowed 33 points from their side. We didn’t play at the same intensity level we did in the previous three quarters."
"First thing I must do is to sincerely congratulate Caja Labora for their great game tonight. I can’t find another expression to define what happened; they kicked our asses. You cannot come to Vitoria thinking that it’s going to be easy, even with a 2-0 advantage. You can imagine that the opponent will take a step ahead in terms of aggressiveness, pride, intensity, but today it was not only that. They just played better basketball than we did. It wasn’t a surprise for me. I’m older than my players, and I remember when I came here in 2001, with a team that counted on players like Ginobili, Jaric, Andersen, etc. We won the first game by 20. The next one we were destroyed. The only thing that prevents me from trying to jump from the window of the upper floor of the hotel is to think that with that team we committed the same mistake this team committed today. I don’t want to think too much about it right now. It’s obvious I’m not happy at all, and that I would set a practice right now if I could, but we must keep calm. There is a fourth game ahead of us."
"We played very well tonight. I think that we took the court more aggressive, tougher, and that made the difference. I don’t know if such a large win is fair, but the game went like this and that’s all. This is a long journey, now we have another game on Friday and it will be a very tough contest, more balanced. We will face a better, more consistent, CSKA for sure. It will take a lot more from us. It will depend on us that we play at the same level than we did today in order to be able to beat them again. We must avoid too much excitement at this point. We are not an excellent team, like it could look like tonight, neither are we a bad team like we looked like in Moscow. We are in an intermediate level. We won one at home and that’s all. Now we must put all our effort in the next one. We realized that we could beat them, we still have maximum respect for them, as they are a great team, with great players and great coach, but we now believe that we can force Game 5 and go back to Moscow. "
"We played a very good game tonight. We were aggressive, we played good defense, we were able run the court and play in transition. We enjoyed the game, and I think the fans did too, but that’s all. Now we must to rest, and start thinking of the next one. The fourth will be a very difficult game, more than this. When a team is ahead 2-0, winning games by a big difference, sometimes it faces the next one more relaxed. This was only one game; you need to get three wins to prevail."
"For sure we didn’t expect such a big change in Caja Laboral, especially after the first two games, when we totally dominated the court. But today we played without energy. In the first half we just hit one three-point shot, while they scored all the open shots they had. We allowed offensive rebounds, fast breaks, open shots. We were totally disconnected on the court. In the second half we tried, but there was no chance and we just played as good as a team as we could. We have now a day before the fourth game and it’s time to review our mistakes and to try to fix the things we did bad today. I don’t think we need to make big changes in our basketball, if you look at the three games, there haven’t been big changes. We didn’t have a good approach after being 2-0, as they had nothing to lose, probably without pressure. As I said we lacked energy. We cannot allow ourselves to play a game like this."
"We didn’t expect something like this tonight. Not at all. We didn’t play our best defense, we didn’t play our best basketball, and when something like that happens, you get a result like this. We must improve our defense and recover the level we were at in the first two games. We need to rebound better. We still have next game and we just must focus on playing basketball."


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If you read enough Buddhist literature you will realise there is not just one Dhamma. The Dhamma that the Buddha taught is not the only one! This can come as a shock to some people but it need not be that way. Everything, from the smallest atomic particle, to the entire universe has its own Dhamma. Every individual person on our planet has their own Dhamma. The roses in you garden, the aphids that attack them and the treatment for those aphids that you use have their own Dhamma. Even your settee has its own Dhamma.
Dhamma basically means “the way things are”. It’s as simple as that. The Buddha taught Dhamma on a global and cosmic scale, as well as on the day-to-day life scale. He taught how the world works, how suffering is the nature of this world in which we live, and how to escape from that suffering. That is his Dhamma. He taught the Dhamma of this three-dimensional reality. He taught its impermanence, it’s unsatisfactorinss and it’s escape. If we wish to escape suffering, then we best follow his teachings, otherwise we will only end up back here, or worse, if we do not.
Dhamma is how things are. It is their pure nature, it is their fundamental reality. Dhamma explains exactly what makes up the thing in question. Tied in with the concept of Dependent Origination, which is another fundamental concept, you can, with enough practice, understand the true nature of anything you put your mind to. The two concepts may seem difficult to understand at first glance, and I will cover Dependent Origination in a future post, but once you have grasped them, nature falls into place quite easily.
Dhamma does not have to be difficult. At it’s essence, it is incredibly simple, which is why the ‘Breath Meditation’ practice is so simple. Simple practices lead to the realisation of simple concepts. They lead to those ‘Ah! That’s how it is!’ moments. Those moments are another step closer to final liberation.
A friend of mine once told me she had been taught a meditative technique that involved watching a pebble grow. Now I never quite got that at the time, but it would be a wonderful practice now. To actually see a pebble grow does not mean you see it get bigger, but it means you see it’s nature and reality as it really is, thus the pebble becomes more than your mind thought it to be in the first place. The pebble is, basically, a pebble, but your understanding of that pebbles nature grows over time. You could use your settee, oven, fridge, best mate or the leader of your country as the subject of your meditation, but a pebble is nice and simple. It will yield the same results thus negating any emotional complications in your practice.
As I said earlier, Dhamma explains the way things are. Atoms do what they do, cells do what they do, people do what they do, even nations do what they do. The world exists in the only way it can because of the nature of this three-dimensional reality. The human rebirth leads us to do what we do, whomever we are, and thus suffering takes place. Kamma acts in the way it needs to, whether good or bad, and 99% of the time no-one has a clue that this is the cause of their situation. To escape this round of rebirth and suffering one needs to follow the Buddha’s teachings. It may not happen in this lifetime, or the next, but if you start practicing now, then you have taken the first steps on the road to freedom.


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I finally had a chance to go grocery shopping. Yesterday I spend quite a bit and a lot of it was on fresh produce. This means that today will officially be Day One to start the South Beach Diet. I know I shouldn’t think of it as a diet, but instead a new way of eating, and a healthier way of eating. It is hard.
Today, I woke up and got on the scale. It says 184. Not what I want to see, but I am hoping to change that starting today. Part of why I am 4 pounds more than normal is due to that wonderful monthly cycle that just ended for this month… I always seem to gain 3-4 pounds and then gradually loose it until the following month it happens again.
It is only 3 o’clock and I have to say that this is not going to be an easy first 2 weeks. Breakfast was good, but it took significantly longer to make the Cheesy Frittata than it would to pop a frozen waffle into the toaster. Luckily, I have enough that will last for 2 more days… and that includes some for Cailin for breakfast as well. I look forward to attempting an asparagus omelet later this week. This morning I had a mozzarella cheese stick for a snack after breakfast, and I wasn’t very hungry for lunch. Breakfast was late anyway. For an afternoon snack, I had a wedge of cheese (garlic and herb flavored) on some celery. Tonight we will have marinated London broil which sounds delicious and smells good so far with the marinade. We are also going to have South beach surprise mashed “Potatoes”. It is actually cauliflower. Billie suggested it. She said that it is no where close to potatoes, but it was good. I am also going to make a salad and then for dessert, I am going to try the almond ricotta crème. That part sounds delicious.
Before I go to bed, if I can find my tape measurer I am going to measure my sizes on arms, legs, and tummy area. I would like to see numbers on the scale go down as well as inches.
My hardest challenge today was when I was making lunch for Cailin. She had peanut butter and banana sandwich. She didn’t eat it all. A lot of times, I will eat what ever she doesn’t eat, and today, it is still sitting on the table. I hate throwing it away, so I am going to offer it to her as a snack when she wakes from a nap. She also had a small MICROSCOPIC sized Hershey bar from trick-or-treating. I sooo wanted a bite of it to snack, but I passed.
I am determined to do this. As well as loosing weight, another bonus is that I will be kind of forced to fix healthier meals for dinner for Chris. I will be cooking more on a regular basis and not fast fixes like fish sticks and mac and cheese with a can of green beans on the side or Macaroni and Cheese-burger… I am going to work on real meals… sides, a lot of chicken. I am going to attempt to eat some fish. We have lots of halibut in the freezer.

industry_corpus2: Agriculture & Fisheries


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Eagle Superabrasives is a premier supplier of super abrasive supplies located in the United States. With an extensive inventory of grinding wheels in stock at our Hickory, NC location, ninety-percent of orders are ready for same-day shipping. Custom orders can be shipped in as little as seven days.
Grinding Wheels contain hundreds of thousands parts of superabrasive grains, each of which exhibit multiple cutting edges. A grinding wheel that contains the proper bond and superabrasive for working with a specific material will be able to constantly sharpen itself as well as extend the life of the wheel. A grinding wheel sharpens itself by causing the grains to fracture and then release, resulting in new sharp cutting edges that line the surface of the wheel.
Choosing a grinding wheel can be a daunting task, especially if you’re use to conventional grinding wheels. Grinding Wheels typically come in four different abrasive types; aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, diamond and cbn. Eagle Superabrasives offer a variety of grinding wheel abrasives including Diamond, CBN, Borazon and CDX, all of which offer high performance grinding.
When choosing a grinding wheel for your workpiece, you must consider the abrasive grit size. Grit sizes follow an established U.S. standard that is numerical. The smaller the number, the coarser the grain of the grit. Contrarily, the larger the number, the finer the grain of the grit. Typically the smaller the number will increase the stock removal rate, but yield in a less desirable surface quality. Finer grit sizes provide less stock removal, but a much better surface quality.
Next, the hardness grade of grinding wheels is ranked alphabetically (A to Z, soft to hard). The grade represents the amount of bond that the wheel contains. The bond is what holds the superabrasive grain to the core of the wheel. Typically harder grades produce better surface quality, but result in smaller chip removal rates.
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