text:
List of cities in the Americas by year of foundation
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This is a list of cities in the Americas (South, Central and North) by founding year and present-day country.
Year
City
State, province, dept., etc.
Country
Notes
7500 BC Tlapacoya Ixtapaluca Mexico
4000 BC Puerto Hormiga Culture Cartagena Colombia
3710 BC Aspero Norte Chico Peru
2627 BC Caral Norte Chico Peru
1500 BC Kaminaljuyu Guatemala city Guatemala
800 BC Cuicuilco Mexico City Mexico
700 BC Ticul Yucatán Mexico
500 BC Cholula Puebla Mexico
300 BC Teotihuacan México Mexico In the Valley of Mexico
200 Mitla Oaxaca Mexico
200 Acanceh Yucatan Mexico
500 Cuenca Azuay Ecuador
524 Ejutla Oaxaca Mexico [1]
550 Izamal Yucatan Mexico
600 Cahokia Illinois United States
713 Tula Hidalgo Mexico
1001 L'Anse aux Meadows Newfoundland and Labrador Canada Oldest known European (Norse) settlement in the Americas. Possibly founded by Leif Erikson, as part of Vinland, in 1001 AD.
1000 Acoma Pueblo and Taos Pueblo New Mexico United States
1050 Motul Yucatán Mexico
1050 Pachuca Hidalgo Mexico
1100 Cusco Cusco Province Peru
1100 Oraibi Arizona United States (Hopi Reservation) [2]
1168 Ecatepec Estado de Mexico Mexico
1259 Chimaulhuacan Mexico State Mexico
1313 Xalapa Veracruz Mexico
1325 Tenochtitlan Mexico City Mexico Largest pre-Columbian city in the Americas, later called Mexico City.
1450 Zuni Pueblo New Mexico United States [3]
1470 Iximche Chimaltenango Guatemala
1492 La Navidad Nord-Est Haiti First European settlement in the New World during the Age of Discovery.
1493 La Isabela Puerto Plata Dominican Republic
1498 Santo Domingo Distrito Nacional Dominican Republic Capital of the Dominican Republic. Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in the Americas. Founded in 1498, by Bartholomew Columbus.
1502 Santa Cruz del Seibo El Seibo Dominican Republic
1504 Azua de Compostela Azua Dominican Republic
1504 Santiago de los Caballeros Santiago Dominican Republic
1505 Cotuí Sánchez Ramírez Dominican Republic
1506 Salvaleón de Higüey La Altagracia Dominican Republic
1508 Bonao Monseñor Nouel Dominican Republic
1508 Caparra Puerto Rico United States First city founded by Europeans, although not continuously inhabited, in the United States. Abandoned in 1521 with the removal of the capital to San Juan.
1510 Santa Maria la Antigua del Darien Urabá Colombia First city founded by Europeans on the continent of South America.
1510 Nombre de Dios Colon Panama Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Panama.
1511 Baracoa Guantánamo Cuba Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Cuba, former capital of Cuba.
1513 Bayamo Granma Cuba
1514 Sancti Spiritus Santi Spiritus Cuba
1514 Trinidad Santi Spiritus Cuba
1515 Santiago Santiago After Baracoa and before Havana, Santiago was the second capital of Cuba. Cuba
1519 Havana Havana Cuba
1519 La Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz, (Veracruz) Veracruz Mexico Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Mexico.
1519 Panama City Panamá Panama First European established city on the Pacific Coast of the Americas. Founded in 1519, at the present day ruins of Panama Viejo, it was sacked by the Welsh pirate Henry Morgan in 1671, and resettled to nearby Casco Viejo, in 1673.
1520 Hato Mayor del Rey Hato Mayor Dominican Republic
1515 Cumaná Sucre Venezuela Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Venezuela.
1521 San Juan Puerto Rico United States Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Puerto Rico, and in the United States. Oldest continuously inhabited state or territorial capital in the United States.
1524 Granada Granada Nicaragua Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Nicaragua.
1524 Tecpán Guatemala Chimaltenango Guatemala First capital of Guatemala and oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Guatemala.
1524 Trujillo Colón Honduras Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Honduras.
1525 Santa Marta Magdalena Colombia Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Colombia.
1525 Acapulco Guerrero Mexico [4]
1525 San Salvador San Salvador El Salvador Founded in 1525, rebuilt and changed locations twice afterwards (1528 and 1545) and oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in El Salvador.
1526 Acámbaro Guanajuato Mexico
1526 Chimaltenango Chimaltenango Guatemala
1528 San Cristóbal de las Casas Chiapas Mexico Originally called Villa Real de Chiapa.
1528 Camagüey Camagüey Province Cuba Founded in 1515 the northern coast of Camagüey as "Puerto del Príncipe", but moved in 1528 to present location.
1529 Maracaibo Zulia Venezuela
1530 San Blas Nayarit Mexico By Nuño Beltrán [5]
1531 Puebla Puebla Mexico by Fr. Toribio de Benavente ("Motolinía") on 16 April [6]
1532 Oaxaca Oaxaca Mexico
1532 Piura Piura Peru
1532 São Vicente São Paulo Brazil Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Brazil, oldest Portuguese established settlement in the New World.
1532 Tepic Nayarit Mexico As capital of Nueva Galicia [7]
1533 Cananéia São Paulo Brazil Second Oldest City in Brazil
1533 Cartagena de Indias Bolívar Colombia
1534 Otavalo Imbabura Ecuador
1534 Quito Pichincha Ecuador Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Ecuador.
1534 Spanish Town Saint Catherine Jamaica Founded by the Spanish as Santiago de la Vega or St. Jago de la Vega. Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Jamaica.
1534 Trujillo La Libertad Peru Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Peru.
1535 Lima Lima Peru
1535 Igarassu Pernambuco Brazil Site of first European settlement in Brazil, the feitoria of Igarassu, in 1516.[1]
1535 Olinda Pernambuco Brazil One of the best-preserved colonial cities in Brazil.[2]
1535 Vila Velha Espírito Santo Brazil
1535 Paria Oruro Bolivia First Spanish settlement in Bolivia
1536 Santiago de Cali Valle del Cauca Colombia
1536 Popayán Cauca Colombia
1536 San Pedro Sula Cortés Honduras
1536 Tupiza Potosí Bolivia
1537 Asunción Paraguay Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Paraguay.
1537 Recife Pernambuco Brazil Capital of the state of Pernambuco. It is the oldest city among Brazil's current state capitals.[3]
1538 Bogotá Cundinamarca Colombia
1538 Guayaquil Guayas Ecuador
1538 Iguape São Paulo Brazil
1538 Sucre Chuquisaca Bolivia Originally called Ciudad de la Plata de la Nueva Toledo and the oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Bolivia.
1539 Tunja Boyacá Colombia
1539 Vélez Santander Colombia
1539 Pasto Nariño Colombia
1540 Arequipa Arequipa Peru
1540 Ayacucho Ayacucho Peru
1540 Campeche Campeche Mexico
1540 Yuriria Guanajuato Mexico
1540 Mompox Bolivar Colombia
1540 Supía Caldas Colombia
1540 Campeche Campeche Mexico Founded on the site of Mayan village Kimpech.
1541 Huánuco Huánuco Peru
1541 Moquegua Moquegua Peru
1541 Santiago Santiago Chile Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Chile.
1541 Santafé de Antioquia Antioquia Colombia
1542 Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico
1542 Genaro Codina Zacatecas Mexico [4]
1542 San Miguel de Allende Guanajuato Mexico
1542 Mérida Yucatan Mexico Built on the site of Mayan city T'ho.
1542 San Luis de la Paz Guanajuato Mexico
1543 Antigua Guatemala Sacatepéquez Guatemala
1543 Cobán Alta Verapaz Guatemala
1543 Santa Cruz Verapaz Alta Verapaz Guatemala
1545 Potosí Potosí Bolivia
1545 San Juan de los Remedios Villa Clara Province Cuba Remedios has the most uncertain foundation date in Cuba, 1545 has been accepted because it is when the village erected its town hall, but its origin has been studied and documented back to 1513.
1545 Riohacha La Guajira Colombia
1546 Santos São Paulo Brazil
1546 Neyba Bahoruco Dominican Republic
1546 Tepezalá Aguascalientes Mexico [5]
1548 Asientos Aguascalientes Mexico [6]
1548 La Paz La Paz Bolivia
1548 Pánuco Zacatecas Mexico [7]
1548 Zacatecas Zacatecas Mexico [8]
1549 Salvador Bahia Brazil
1550 Concepción Concepción Chile
1550 Valledupar Cesar Colombia
1550 Ibagué Tolima Colombia
1551 Vitória Espírito Santo Brazil
1551 Mocoa Putumayo
1552 Sonsonate Sonsonate El Salvador
1553 Santiago del Estero Santiago del Estero Argentina Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Argentina.
1553 São Bernardo do Campo São Paulo Brazil
1554 Embu São Paulo Brazil
1554 São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
1555 Saín Alto Zacatecas Mexico [9]
1556 Chalchihuites Zacatecas Mexico [10]
1557 Cuenca (Santa Ana de los Cuatro Rios de Cuenca) Azuay Ecuador
1557 Santo Amaro Bahia Brazil
1558 Mérida Mérida Venezuela
1558 Londres Catamarca Argentina Second oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Argentina, though refunded and relocated several times.
1560 Mogi das Cruzes São Paulo Brazil
1560 Ipojuca Pernambuco Brazil
1561 Santa Cruz de la Sierra Santa Cruz Bolivia
1561 Mendoza Mendoza Argentina [11]
1561 San Cristobal Táchira Venezuela
1561 Itanhaém São Paulo Brasil
1562 San Juan San Juan Argentina
1562 Río Grande Zacatecas Mexico [12]
1562 Susticacán Zacatecas Mexico [13]
1563 Cartago Cartago Costa Rica Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Costa Rica.
1564 São Mateus Espírito Santo Brazil
1565 Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
1565 Saint Augustine Florida United States Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in the continental United States. Preceded by Puerto Rican colonies, Pensacola, Florida, which was destroyed in 1559, and Fort Caroline, destroyed in 1565.
1565 Tucumán Tucumán Argentina
1567 Caracas Capital District Venezuela
1568 Mazapil Zacatecas Mexico [14]
1568 Goiana Pernambuco Brazil Declared vila in 1685; cidade in 1840.[15]
1568 Valaparaíso Zacatecas Mexico [16]
1569 Santa Ana Santa Ana El Salvador Built over Mayan city of Sihuatehuacán.
1570 Jerez Zacatecas Mexico [17]
1570 Sombrerete Zacatecas Mexico [18]
1571 Cochabamba Cochabamba Bolivia
1572 Huancavelica Huancavelica Peru
1573 San German Puerto Rico United States Second oldest European settlement in Puerto Rico[19]
1573 Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
1573 Santa Fé Santa Fé Argentina
1573 Buga Valle del Cauca Colombia
1574 Huaraz Ancash Peru
1574 Tarija Tarija Department Bolivia
1575 Aguascalientes Aguascalientes Mexico [20]
1576 León Guanajuato Mexico
1577 Juayúa Sonsonate El Salvador
1578 Fort-Liberté Nord-Est Haiti Originally called Bayaha by the Spanish. Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Haiti.
1578 Tegucigalpa Francisco Morazán Honduras
1579 Coamo Puerto Rico United States Third oldest European settlement in Puerto Rico. In the same area where the Taínos had had their village of Guayama. Coamo became officially a town in 1616, and given the title of villa by Spanish Royal Decree in 1778.[21]
1580 Buenos Aires Argentina
1580 Santana de Parnaíba São Paulo Brasil
1580 Santo Domingo Xenacoj Sacatepéquez Guatemala
1582 Salta Salta Argentina
1583 St John's Newfoundland and Labrador Canada Oldest continuously inhabited British settlement in the Americas.
1584 Roanoke North Carolina United States
1585 João Pessoa Paraíba Brazil
1587 Concepción del Oro Zacatecas Mexico [22]
1588 Corrientes Corrientes Argentina
1590 São Cristóvão Sergipe Brazil First capital of Sergipe. Formerly known as Sergipe d'El Rei
1591 Jiménez del Teul Zacatecas Mexico [23]
1591 Juan Aldama Zacatecas Mexico [24]
1591 Paudalho Pernambuco Brazil
1591 La Rioja La Rioja Argentina [25]
1593 San Salvador de Jujuy Jujuy Argentina
1594 Pinos Zacatecas Mexico [26]
1594 San Luis San Luis Argentina
1596 Monterrey Nuevo León Mexico
1596 Villahermosa Tabasco Mexico Originally called Villa Felipe II.
1597 Portobelo Colón Panama
1598 Parras Coahuila Mexico
1599 Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
1599 Tadoussac Quebec Canada Oldest continuously inhabited French established settlement in the Americas, oldest European established settlement in Quebec.
1600 Facatativá Cundinamarca Colombia
1600 Zipaquirá Cundinamarca Colombia
1602 David Chiriquí Province Panama
1603 Salamanca Guanajuato Mexico
1604 Port Royal Nova Scotia Canada Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Nova Scotia.
1606 Bayaguana Monte Plata Dominican Republic
1606 Ibarra Imbabura Ecuador
1606 Oruro Oruro Bolivia
1607 Jamestown Virginia United States First permanent English established settlement in the Americas.
1608 Quebec City Quebec Canada
1609 Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
1610 Kecoughtan Virginia United States
1524 León León Nicaragua Original location (now known as the ruins of Leon Viejo) on the south-western shore of Lago Managua founded in 1524, but destroyed by earthquakes, and resettled 20 miles west, in 1610, to its present-day location at Leon.
1610 Santa Fe New Mexico United States Oldest continuously inhabited state or territorial capital in the continental United States. [8]
1610 Harbour Grace Newfoundland and Labrador Canada
1611 Marechal Deodoro, Alagoas Alagoas Brazil
1612 São Luís Maranhão Brazil Capital of Maranhão.
1612 St. George's Bermuda Oldest continuously inhabited English established settlement in the Americas.
1612 Neiva Huila Colombia
1613 Penedo Alagoas Brazil
1613 Hopewell Virginia United States Oldest continuously inhabited English settlement in North America. Founded in 1613 as Bermuda City by Thomas Dale.
1614 Albany, New York New York United States Oldest US settlement north of Virginia and second oldest state or territorial capital in the continental United States, incorporated 1686
1614 Sirinhaém Pernambuco Brazil Declared vila in 1627; cidade in 1892.[27]
1615 Cabo Frio Rio de Janeiro Brazil
1615 Taos New Mexico United States
1615 Ipiales Nariño Colombia
1616 Belém Pará Brazil Capital of Pará.
1616 Medellín Antioquia Colombia Founded by Francisco de Herrera y Campuzano
1616 Arecibo Puerto Rico United States
1617 Jersey City, New Jersey New Jersey United States Pavonia, New Netherland
1618 Cabo de Santo Agostinho Pernambuco Brazil Declared vila in 1811; cidade in 1877.
1620 Ojocaliente Zacatecas Mexico [28]
1620 Plymouth Massachusetts United States
1622 Bucaramanga Santander Colombia
1623 Dover New Hampshire United States
1623 Gloucester Massachusetts United States
1624 Old Road Saint Christopher Saint Kitts and Nevis Oldest continuously inhabited British established settlement in the Caribbean, First successful 'non-Spanish' established settlement in the Caribbean.
1624 Villa Soriano Soriano Uruguay Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Uruguay.
1625 New Amsterdam New York United States Now New York City.
1625 Quincy Massachusetts United States
1626 Salem Massachusetts United States
1626 Vitória de Santo Antão Pernambuco Brazil Declared vila in 1811; cidade in 1843.[29]
1627 Basseterre Saint Christopher Saint Kitts and Nevis Oldest continuously inhabited French established settlement in the Caribbean.
1628 Bridgetown Saint Michael Barbados Second oldest continuously inhabited English established settlement in the Caribbean.
1630 Boston Massachusetts United States
1630 Paramaribo Paramaribo Suriname Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Suriname.
1630 Speightstown Saint Peter Barbados
1631 Biddeford Maine United States
1631 Hidalgo del Parral Chihuahua Mexico
1631 Saint John New Brunswick Canada
1632 Batopilas Chihuahua Mexico
1632 Williamsburg Virginia United States
1632 St. John's Antigua Antigua and Barbuda
1634 Green Bay Wisconsin United States Oldest continuously inhabited French established settlement in the United States.
1634 St. Mary's City Maryland United States
1634 Trois-Rivières Quebec Canada
1634 Willemstad Curaçao Netherlands Oldest continuously inhabited Dutch established settlement in the Caribbean.
1635 Concord Massachusetts United States
1635 Old Saybrook Connecticut United States Original Dutch settlement called Kievits Hoek.
1636 Springfield Massachusetts United States
1636 Providence Rhode Island United States
1637 Hartford Connecticut United States
[9]
1638 Belize City Belize Belize Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Belize. Original Mayan city called Holzuz.
1638 Fort-de-France Martinique Originally called Fort Saint Louis.
1638 New Haven Connecticut United States
[10]
1638 Wilmington Delaware United States Grew from Fort Christina, part of the New Sweden colony. Oldest continuously inhabited Swedish established settlement in the Americas.
1638 Cambridge Massachusetts United States
1639 Rincón de Romos Aguascalientes Mexico [30]
1639 (prior to) St. Marks Florida United States [11]
1639 Barnstable Massachusetts United States Second-oldest municipality and only city on Cape Cod
1639 Bridgeport Connecticut United States
1639 Guilford Connecticut United States Location of the Henry Whitfield House, the oldest house in Connecticut and the oldest stone house in New England
1639 Milford Connecticut United States
1639 Newport Rhode Island United States
1640 Tumaco Nariño Colombia
1642 Montreal Quebec Canada
1642 Lexington Massachusetts United States [12]
1642 Warwick Rhode Island United States
1643 Basse-Terre Guadeloupe France Territorial capital.
1643 Dolores Hidalgo Guanajuato Mexico
1644 Salvatierra Guanajuato Mexico
1646 New London Connecticut United States
1648 Alcântara Maranhão Brazil [31]
1648 Paranaguá Paraná Brazil
1649 Annapolis Maryland United States
1650 Castries Castries Saint Lucia
1650 Saint George's Saint George Grenada
1651 Norwalk Connecticut United States
1654 Vieux Fort Vieux Fort Saint Lucia
1659 Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua Mexico
1659 El Paso Texas United States
1660 Charlestown Nevis St Kitts & Nevis
1660 Placentia Newfoundland and Labrador Canada French Capital until 1713, originally called Plaisance
1660 Rye New York United States
1664 Cayenne French Guiana France Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in French Guiana.
1664 Quibdó Chocó Colombia
1665 Port-de-Paix Nord-Ouest Haiti
1666 Codrington Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda
1666 Newark New Jersey United States
1667 Paraty Rio de Janeiro Brazil
1668 Sault Ste. Marie Michigan United States [13], oldest city in Michigan.
1670 Boqueirão Paraíba Brazil [32]
1670 Cap-Haïtien Nord Haiti Originally called "Cap-Français"
1670 Charleston South Carolina United States
1672 Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas U.S. Virgin Islands United States Oldest permanent European settlement in Saint Thomas island.[33] Oldest continuously inhabited Danish established settlement in the Americas.
1673 Kingston Ontario Canada Grew from Fort Frontenac. Continuously inhabited since 1784.
1673 San José de Gracia Aguascalientes Mexico [34]
1673 Worcester Massachusetts United States
1674 Cachoeira Bahia Brazil
1674 Waterbury Connecticut United States
1677 Crosswicks New Jersey United States Quaker settlement. Continuously inhabited since founding.
1680 South Orange New Jersey United States Grew from Newark (later Orange).
1680 Colonia del Sacramento Colonia Uruguay
1681 Cockburn Town Turks and Caicos Islands
1681 Philadelphia Pennsylvania United States
1682 Norfolk Virginia United States
1682 São Borja Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
1683 Dover Delaware United States
1685 Escada Pernambuco Brazil
1686 Trinidad Beni Department Bolivia
1687 New Britain Connecticut United States
1687 São Luiz Gonzaga Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
1687 São Miguel das Missões Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
1687 São Nicolau Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
1689 Marigot Saint Martin
1689 San Gil Santander Colombia
1690 Port of Spain Trinidad Trinidad and Tobago
1690 São Lourenço das Missões Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
1690 Santa Rosa de Viterbo Boyacá Colombia
1692 Villanueva Zacatecas Mexico [35]
1693 Bom Jesus da Lapa Bahia Brazil
1693 Burlington New Jersey United States
1693 Curitiba Paraná Brazil
1693 Kingston St Andrew Jamaica
1695 Nassau New Providence Bahamas
1695 Saint-Marc Artibonite Haiti
1696 Assú Rio Grande do Norte Brazil Declared vila in 1766; cidade in 1845.[36]
1696 Rimouski Quebec Canada
1698 Ambato Tungurahua Ecuador
1698 Pensacola Florida United States Known for being the first European settlement in North America.
1699 Biloxi Mississippi United States
1699 Baton Rouge Louisiana United States
1700 Barreiras Bahia Brazil
1701 Detroit Michigan United States
1701 São João del Rei Minas Gerais Brazil
1702 Jesús María Aguascalientes Mexico [37]
1702 Mobile Alabama United States
1703 Kaskaskia Illinois United States
1705 Bath North Carolina United States
1706 Albuquerque New Mexico United States
1706 Santo Ângelo Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
1709 Chihuahua Chihuahua Mexico
1710 Chatham New Jersey United States On land purchased in 1680.
1710 New Bern North Carolina United States Birthplace of Pepsi [38]
1711 Beaufort South Carolina United States
1711 Ouro Preto Minas Gerais Brazil
1714 Natchitoches Louisiana United States Oldest settlement in the Louisiana Purchase
1714 Antonina Paraná Brazil
1714 Laguna Santa Catarina Brazil
1714 Serro Minas Gerais Brazil
1715 (prior to) Kekionga Indiana United States Capital of the Miami tribe.
1716 Natchez Mississippi United States Dates to the founding of Fort Rosalie by the French.[14]
1717 Brejo do Cruz Paraíba Brazil [39]
1717 Zacatecas Zacatecas Mexico [40]
1717 Westborough Massachusetts United States One Hundredth Town in Massachusetts
1718 New Orleans Louisiana United States
1718 Rio de Contas Bahia Brazil
1718 San Antonio Texas United States
1718 Tiradentes Minas Gerais Brazil
1719 Trenton New Jersey United States
1721 Cortazar Guanajuato Mexico
1722 Edenton North Carolina United States
1723 Guaynabo Puerto Rico United States Declared pueblo in 1723; municipio in 1768.[41]
1724 Brattleboro Vermont United States Grew out of Fort Dummer.
1725 Concord New Hampshire United States
1726 Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
1726 Montevideo Montevideo Uruguay
1727 Cuiabá Mato Grosso Brazil
1727 Goiás Goiás Brazil
1727 Pirenópolis Goiás Brazil [42]
1728 Fredericksburg Virginia United States
1728 Inhambupe Bahia Brazil
1728 Nuuk Greenland Norse colony was originally called Godthab. Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Greenland.
1729 Baltimore Maryland United States
1730 Roseau Saint George Dominica
1732 Fredericton New Brunswick Canada Originally called Ste. Anne's Point.
1732 Vincennes Indiana United States
1733 Morretes Paraná Brazil
1733 Pau dos Ferros Rio Grande do Norte Brazil [43]
1733 Richmond Virginia United States [15]
1733 Savannah Georgia United States
1733 Cúcuta Norte de Santander Colombia
1736 Augusta Georgia United States
1737 Rio Grande Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
1738 Fort Rouge Manitoba Canada Now Winnipeg, Manitoba.
1738 San José San José Costa Rica
1740 Santa Rosalía de Camargo Chihuahua Mexico
1740 Portalegre Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
1740 San Felipe de Puerto Plata Puerto Plata Dominican Republic
1741 Viamão Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
1743 Canguaretama Rio Grande do Norte Brazil Declared vila in 1858; cidade in 1885.
1748 Caicó Rio Grande do Norte Brazil Declared vila in 1788; cidade in 1868.
1749 Alexandria Virginia United States
1749 San Ignacio de Velasco Santa Cruz Department Bolivia
1749 Port-au-Prince Ouest Haiti
1749 Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
1749 Windsor Ontario Canada Oldest continually-inhabited settlement in Canada west of Montreal
1751 Manchester New Hampshire United States Former American textile capital - Named after Manchester, England
1752 Buíque Pernambuco Brazil
1752 Patos Paraíba Brazil Declared vila in 1832; cidade in 1903.
1752 Tubac Arizona United States
1754 Augusta Maine United States
1755 Charlotte North Carolina United States
1756 Salto Salto Uruguay
1756 Santa Bárbara de Samaná Samaná Dominican Republic
1756 Yauco Puerto Rico United States [44]
1757 Estância Sergipe Brazil
1758 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania United States
1758 Macapá Amapá Brazil
1760 Arês Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
1760 Sabana de la Mar Hato Mayor Dominican Republic
1761 Sacaba Cochabamba Department Bolivia
1762 Kingstown St Vincent Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1762 Parnaíba Piauí Brazil [45]
1762 Shepherdstown West Virginia United States Originally known as Mecklenburg.
1762 Allentown Pennsylvania United States Incorporated as Northamptontown.
1762 Baía da Traição Paraíba Brazil [46]
1763 Burlington Vermont United States
1763 Pánfilo Natera Zacatecas Mexico [47]
1763 Ellsworth Maine United States
1763 Philipsburg Sint Maarten Netherlands
1763 St. Louis Missouri United States
1764 Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada
1764 Pointe-à-Pitre Grand Terre Guadeloupe
1765 Port Elizabeth Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1765 Portsmouth Saint John Dominica
1767 Ceará-Mirim Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
1767 Araioses Maranhão Brazil [48]
1769 Elizabethton Tennessee United States
1769 Falmouth Trelawny Jamaica
1769 San Diego California United States Grew from Presidio of San Diego
1769 Lapa Paraná Brazil
1770 Monterey California United States Grew from Presidio of Monterey. Original capital of California [16]
1770 Araxá Minas Gerais Brazil
1771 Calvillo Aguascalientes Mexico [49]
1772 Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
1775 Tucson Arizona United States
1774 Castro Paraná Brazil
1775 Lexington Kentucky United States
1775 Boonesborough Kentucky United States Grew from Fort Boonesborough, built by pioneer Daniel Boone.
-
1775 São Lourenço da Mata Pernambuco Brazil District status in 1775; village status in 1884; municipality status in 1890
1776 San Francisco California United States
1776 Sincelejo Sucre Colombia
1777 San Jose California United States Originally known as El Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe, the first town in the Spanish colony of Nueva California, which later became Alta California.
1777 Montería Cordoba Colombia
1778 Corumbá Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil
1778 Louisville Kentucky United States Grew from Fort Nelson, established by explorer George Rogers Clark.
1778 San Francisco de Macorís Duarte Dominican Republic
1779 Jonesborough Tennessee United States Later organized as the lost State of Franklin with Jonesborough as capital 1784.[50]
1779 Nashville Tennessee United States Grew from Fort Nashborough
1780 Codó Maranhão Brazil Declared vila in 1833; cidade in 1896.[51]
1780 Las Matas de Farfán San Juan Dominican Republic
1780 Arauca Arauca Colombia
1781 Montpelier Vermont United States
1781 Los Angeles California United States
1782 Catu Bahia Brazil
1782 Georgetown Demerara-Mahaica Guyana Originally called La Nouvelle Ville.
1783 Vitória da Conquista Bahia Brazil
1784 San Fernando Trinidad Trinidad and Tobago
1785 Harrisburg Pennsylvania United States
1785 North Battleford Saskatchewan Canada 1785 fur trading post. 1877 Battleford is capital of the North West Territories. North Battleford incorporated as a city (population 5000+) 1913.[52]
1785 Asheville North Carolina United States
1785 Gustavia Saint Barthélemy
1785 Huntington West Virginia United States
1785 Sydney Nova Scotia Canada
1786 Columbia South Carolina United States
1786 Escada Pernambuco Brazil Declared vila in 1854; cidade in 1873.[53]
1786 Florissant Missouri United States Originally known as St. Ferdinand.
1786 Frankfort Kentucky United States
1786 Portland Maine United States
1787 Boa Ventura Paraíba Brazil [54]
1788 Marietta Ohio United States
1788 Cincinnati Ohio United States
1788 Charleston West Virginia United States Grew from Fort Lee. [17]
1788 Mercedes Soriano Uruguay
1789 Buffalo New York United States
1789 Itambé Pernambuco Brazil Declared vila in 1867; cidade in 1879.[55]
1790 Hamilton Bermuda
1790 Washington District of Columbia United States
1791 Jacksonville Florida United States Known as "Cowford".
1791 Knoxville Tennessee United States
1791 Bangor Maine United States
1792 Raleigh North Carolina United States
1793 Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
1793 Toronto Ontario Canada
1794 Fort Wayne Indiana United States
1795 Edmonton Alberta Canada Grew from Fort Edmonton.
1795 Erie Pennsylvania United States Grew from the French Fort Presque Isle.
1795 Maryville Tennessee United States Grew from the American Fort Craig.
1796 Cleveland Ohio United States
1796 Oranjestad Aruba Netherlands
1797 Chaguanas Trinidad Trinidad and Tobago
1797 Franklinton Ohio United States Eventually absorbed by Columbus, Ohio.
1799 Araruama Rio de Janeiro Brazil
1800 Hull Quebec Canada Formerly known as Wrightville.
1800 Sonsón Antioquia Colombia
1802 Chapadinha Maranhão Brazil [56]
1802 Santa Cruz de Barahona Barahona Dominican Republic
1803 Chicago Illinois United States Grew from Fort Dearborn.
1805 Huntsville Alabama United States
1807 Hot Springs Arkansas United States
1809 Água Preta Pernambuco Brazil Declared vila in 1846; cidade in 1895.[57]
1810 Guarapuava Paraná Brazil
1810 Manchester New Hampshire United States
1810 Pilão Arcado Bahia Brazil
1810 San Bernardino California United States
1811 Garanhuns Pernambuco Brazil
1811 Astoria Oregon United States
1812 Columbus Ohio United States
1812 Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brazil Declared vila in 1832; cidade in 1835.[58]
1813 Capela Sergipe Brazil
1813 Chisec Alta Verapaz Guatemala
1813 Barranquilla Atlántico Colombia
1815 Areia Paraíba Brazil [59]
1815 Hamilton Ontario Canada
1816 Alagoinhas Bahia Brazil
1816 Chattanooga Tennessee United States Originally named Ross's Landing.
1816 Saginaw Michigan United States
1816 Savaneta Aruba Netherlands
1817 Fort Smith Arkansas United States
1818 Itaguaí Rio de Janeiro Brazil
1819 Montgomery Alabama United States Near the site of the earlier French Fort Toulouse.
1819 Springfield Illinois United States
1819 Managua Managua Nicaragua
1819 Memphis Tennessee United States Near the site of the earlier French Fort Prudhomme.
1819 Palmeira Paraná Brazil
1819 Tuscaloosa Alabama United States Former state capital, grew from former Native American settlements beginning in 1580. [18]
1820 Cotegipe Bahia Brazil
1821 Little Rock Arkansas United States
1821 Indianapolis Indiana United States
1821 Jefferson City Missouri United States
1821 Decatur Alabama United States
1822 Ponta Grossa Paraná Brazil
1822 Jackson Mississippi United States
1823 Tampa Florida United States Grew from earlier military post Fort Brooke.
1824 Vancouver Washington United States
1824 Tallahassee Florida United States
1825 Vicksburg Mississippi United States
1825 Grand Rapids Michigan United States
1825 Syracuse New York United States incorporated as village; received city charter in 1847
1826 Ipiranga Paraná Brazil
1826 London Ontario Canada
1826 Bytown Ontario Canada Now Ottawa, Ontario.
1827 Fort Leavenworth Kansas United States
1827 St. Andrews Florida United States Now part of Panama City
1831 Greenville South Carolina United States
1831 Piracanjuba Goiás Brazil [60]
1832 Goianinha Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
1828 Key West Florida United States
1832 Touros Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
1833 Bananeiras Paraíba Brazil [61]
1833 Juazeiro Bahia Brazil
1833 Kitchener Ontario Canada Originally called Berlin.
1833 Milwaukee Wisconsin United States
1833 Nazaré da Mata Pernambuco Brazil Declared vila in 1833; cidade in 1850.[62]
1833 Rio Formoso Pernambuco Brazil Declared vila in 1833; cidade in 1850.[63]
1833 Vassouras Rio de Janeiro Brazil
1835 Austin Texas United States
1835 Barra do Corda Maranhão Brazil [64]
1835 Curupuru Maranhão Brazil Declared vila in 1841; cidade in 1920.[65]
1836 Davenport Iowa United States
1836 Oshawa Ontario Canada
1836 Shreveport Louisiana United States
1836 Madison Wisconsin United States
1836 Tulsa Oklahoma United States The Lochapoka named their new settlement "Tulasi," meaning "old town"
1837 Glória do Goitá Pernambuco Brazil Declared vila in 1877; cidade in 1884.[66]
1837 Lansing Michigan United States
1837 Houston Texas United States
1838 Divina Pastora Sergipe Brazil
1838 Kansas City Missouri United States
1838 St Paul Minnesota United States
1839 Santa Rita Paraíba Brazil Declared vila in 1890; cidade in 1924.
1840 Summerside Prince Edward Island Canada
1840 Villavicencio Meta Colombia
1841 Cedar Rapids Iowa United States
1841 Dallas Texas United States
1842 Piatã Bahia Brazil
1842 Salem Oregon United States
1843 Atlanta Georgia United States Originally known as Terminus, later renamed Marthasville. Acquired the name Atlanta in 1847.
1843 Des Moines Iowa United States
1843 Stanley East Falkland Falkland Islands
1843 Uruguaiana Rio Grande do Sul Brazil Declared vila in 1846; cidade in 1874.[67]
1843 Victoria British Columbia Canada
1844 Lençóis Bahia Brazil
1845 Araruna Paraíba Brazil [68]
1845 Portland Oregon United States
1847 Alagoa Grande Paraíba Brazil Declared vila in 1865; cidade in 1908.
1847 Salt Lake City Utah United States Originally known as Great Salt Lake City.
1848 Caruaru Pernambuco Brazil First municipality in the [Agreste] region of Pernambuco state, Brazil.[69]
1848 Rio Verde Goiás Brazil [70]
1848 Sacramento California United States
1849 Provo Utah United States
1849 Manizales Caldas Colombia
1851 San Luis Colorado United States
1851 Seattle Washington United States
1851 Jericó Antioquia Colombia
1852 Mossoró Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
1852 São José dos Pinhais Paraná Brazil
1852 Colón Colón Panama
1853 Olympia Washington United States
1854 Omaha Nebraska United States
1854 Anajatuba Maranhão Brazil [71]
1854 Topeka Kansas United States
1855 Aracaju Sergipe Brazil
1856 Lincoln Nebraska United States Originally called Lancaster.
1856 O'Fallon Missouri United States
1856 Sioux Falls South Dakota United States
1857 Boquim Sergipe Brazil
1858 Carson City Nevada United States
1858 Denver Colorado United States
1859 Yankton South Dakota United States
1860 Chico California United States
1863 Boise Idaho United States
1863 Wichita Kansas United States
1864 Casper Wyoming United States Originally called Platte Bridge Station.
1864 Helena Montana United States
1864 Salinas California United States [19]
1866 Prince Albert Saskatchewan Canada Settled by Rev. James Nisbet. Incorporated as city (population 5000+) October 8, 1904[72]
1867 Cheyenne Wyoming United States
1867 Gameleira Pernambuco Brazil
1867 Minneapolis Minnesota United States
1868 Colinas Maranhão Brazil Declared vila in 1870; cidade in 1891.[73]
1868 Phoenix Arizona United States
1870 Afogados da Ingazeira Pernambuco Brazil
1870 Campo Largo Paraná Brazil
1870 Puerto Limon Limon Costa Rica
1871 Águas Belas Pernambuco Brazil
1871 Alto Parnaíba Maranhão Brazil [74]
1871 Birmingham Alabama United States
1871 Colorado Springs Colorado United States
1871 Fargo North Dakota United States
1871 Imbituva Paraná Brazil
1871 São João do Triunfo Paraná Brazil
1872 Anniston Alabama United States
1872 Bismarck North Dakota United States
1872 Tibagi Paraná Brazil
1873 Jaboatão dos Guararapes Pernambuco Brazil First settlement in 1593; village status in 1873; city status in 1884
1873 Timbaúba Pernambuco Brazil Declared vila in 1879; cidade in 1884.[75]
1875 Orlando Florida United States
1875 Calgary Alberta Canada Grew from Fort Calgary
1875 Humboldt Saskatchewan Canada Incorporated as a city (population 5000+) November 7, 2000[76]
1876 Boa Vista Paraíba Brazil [77]
1876 Cajapió Maranhão Brazil [78]
1876 Rapid City South Dakota United States
1877 Billings Montana United States
1877 Jaquimeyes Barahona Dominican Republic
1878 Coeur d'Alene Idaho United States
1878 Colombo Paraná Brazil
1879 Vicência Pernambuco Brazil Declared vila in 1891; cidade in 1928.[79]
1880 Pierre South Dakota United States
1881 Juneau Alaska United States
1881 Moose Jaw Saskatchewan Canada Incorporated as a city (population 5000+) November 1903.[80]
1882 Brandon Manitoba Canada
1882 Mao Valverde Dominican Republic
1882 Restauración Dajabón Dominican Republic
1882 Yorkton Saskatchewan Canada The York Farmers’ Colonization Company Limited settlement May 12, 1882. City (population 5000+) incorporated February 1, 1928.[81]
1882 Swift Current Saskatchewan Canada Canadian Pacific Railway arrival December 10, 1882. City (population 5000+) incorporated January 15, 1914.[82]
1882 Regina Saskatchewan Canada Settlement first named Pile O' Bones, and renamed Regina. Capital city of SK. Incorporated as a city (population 5000+) June 19, 1903[83]
1882 Rio Branco Acre Brazil
1883 Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada Temperance Colony founded at Nutana. Riversdale, Nutana, and Saskatoon incorporated as a city (population 5000+) in 1906.[84]
1884 Melfort Saskatchewan Canada Stoney Creek Settlement began in 1884. Incorporated as a city (population 5000+) on July 1, 1907.[85]
1886 Vancouver British Columbia Canada
1887 Gulfport Mississippi United States [20]
1888 Virginia Beach Virginia United States Grew from Seatack community.
1889 Oklahoma City Oklahoma United States
1889 Whiting Indiana United States
1890 Ijuí Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
1892 Aliança Pernambuco Brazil Declared vila in 1909; cidade in 1928.[86]
1892 Catende Pernambuco Brazil Created in 1892 as a district of Palmares. Autonomous municipality in 1909.
1892 Estevan Saskatchewan Canada CPR arrives 1893. Incorporated as city (population 5000+) March 1, 1957[87]
1892 Guayaramerín Beni Bolivia
1892 Restauración Dajabón Dominican Republic
1892 Vernon British Columbia Canada
1893 Araripina Pernambuco Brazil Created in 1893 as a district of Ouricuri. Autonomous municipality in 1928.
1893 Catuípe Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
1894 Riberalta Beni Bolivia
1895 Traverse City Michigan United States
1896 Condado Pernambuco Brazil Declared cidade in 1958.[88]
1896 Inhumas Goiás Brazil [89]
1896 Miami Florida United States
1896 Santa Catalina la Tinta Alta Verapaz Guatemala
1897 Jequié Bahia Brazil
1897 Nelson British Columbia Canada
1898 Weyburn Saskatchewan Canada Signal Hill settlement. Weyburn incorporated as a city (population 5000+) 1913.[90]
1898 Chetumal Quintana Roo Mexico Originally called Payo Obispo.
1899 Porto Acre Acre Brazil
1900 Afrânio Pernambuco Brazil Created in 1900 as a district of Petrolina. Autonomous municipality in 1963.
1901 Fairbanks Alaska United States
1902 Florencia Caquetá Colombia
1903 Lloydminster Saskatchewan Canada Brittania colony settled by Rev. Exton Lloyd and Rev. Isaac Barr. Incorporated as a city (population 5000+) in 1958.[91]
1904 Cruzeiro do Sul Acre Brazil
1904 Grytviken South Georgia
1904 Sena Madureira Acre Brazil
1904 Xapuri Acre Brazil
1906 Cobija Pando Bolivia
1906 Feijó Acre Brazil
1907 Melville Saskatchewan Canada Incorporated as a city (population 5000+) August 1, 1960[92]
1907 Tarauacá Acre Brazil
1908 São Mateus do Sul Paraná Brazil
1909 Estreito Maranhão Brazil [93]
1910 Brasiléia Acre Brazil
1910 Kindersley Saskatchewan Canada
1910 Porto Walter Acre Brazil
1910 Villazón Potosí Bolivia
1911 Las Vegas Nevada United States
1914 Anchorage Alaska United States
1915 Yopal Casanare Colombia
1928 Leticia Amazonas Colombia
1929 Pabellón de Arteaga Aguascalientes Mexico [94]
1930 Puerto Carreño Vichada Colombia
1931 Loreto Zacatecas Mexico [95]
1935 Yellowknife Northwest Territories Canada
1935 Mitú Vaupés Colombia
1938 San José del Guaviare Guaviare Colombia
1942 Iqaluit Nunavut Canada Originally called Frobisher Bay.
1955 Freeport Grand Bahama Bahamas
1957 Ciudad del Este Alto Paraná Paraguay Originally called Puerto Flor de Lis.
1957 Rankin Inlet Nunavut Canada
1960 Brasília Distrito Federal Brazil Created in 1960 as the national capital.
1970 Belmopan Cayo Belize
1970 Linden Upper Demerara-Berbice Guyana City formed by combining the towns of Christianburg, MacKenzie, and Wismar.
1970 Cancún Quintana Roo Mexico
1974 Inírida Guainía Colombia
1989 Palmas Tocantins Brazil Was founded 1 year after the creation of the State of Tocantins. It's the newest and smallest Brazilian capital city.
See also[edit]
European colonization of the Americas
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Jornal do Commercio". 9 March 1999. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
Jump up ^ "Página Oficial da Prefeitura da Cidade de Olinda". Retrieved 2008-07-23.
Jump up ^ "Página Oficial da Prefeitura da Cidade do Recife". Retrieved 2008-07-23.
Jump up ^ "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México". Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Gobierno del Estado de Aguascalientes". Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Gobierno del Estado de Aguascalientes". Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México". Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ [citation needed]
Jump up ^ "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México". Archived from the original on 2007-05-20. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México". Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Ciudades mas antiguas de la Republica Argentina". Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México". Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México". Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México". Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Goiana, Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Sustentável a Zona da Mata de Pernambuco - PROMATA". Retrieved 2008-07-23.
Jump up ^ "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México". Archived from the original on 2007-06-03. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México". Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Página Oficial de Municipio Autónomo de San Germán, Puerto Rico". Archived from the original on 2008-06-05. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
Jump up ^ "Gobierno del Estado de Aguascalientes". Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Gobierno Municipal de Coamo". Archived from the original on 2008-05-12. Retrieved 2008-07-26.
Jump up ^ "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México". Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México". Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Ciudades mas antiguas de la Republica Argentina". Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México". Archived from the original on 2007-05-27. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Sirinhaém, Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Sustentável a Zona da Mata de Pernambuco - PROMATA". Retrieved 2008-07-23.
Jump up ^ "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México". Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Vitória de Santo Antão, Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Sustentável a Zona da Mata de Pernambuco - PROMATA". Retrieved 2008-07-23.
Jump up ^ "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México". Archived from the original on June 1, 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Federação dos Municípios do Estado do Maranhão". Archived from the original on January 15, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
Jump up ^ "Federação das Associações de Municípios da Paraíba". Retrieved 2008-12-11.
Jump up ^ "Charlotte Amalia Historic District - National Park Service". Retrieved 2008-07-26.
Jump up ^ "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México". Archived from the original on May 30, 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México". Archived from the original on 2007-05-20. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Prefeitura do Assú". Retrieved 2008-08-28.
Jump up ^ "Gobierno del Estado de Aguascalientes". Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ Jones Jr., Victor (2012-02-17). "Swiss and Palatines to New Bern". Retrieved 2013-01-02.
Jump up ^ "Federação das Associações de Municípios da Paraíba". Retrieved 2008-12-11.
Jump up ^ "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México". Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Historia - Municipio Autónomo de Guaynabo". Retrieved 2008-07-26.
Jump up ^ "Prefeitura Municipal de Pirenópolis". Retrieved 2008-11-08. [dead link]
Jump up ^ "Prefeitura Municipal de Pau dos Ferros". Retrieved 2009-02-03.
Jump up ^ "Yauco en la historia". Archived from the original on October 27, 2009. Retrieved 2008-07-26. CS1 maint: Unfit url (link)
Jump up ^ "Prefeitura de Parnaíba". Archived from the original on October 17, 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
Jump up ^ "Federação das Associações de Municípios da Paraíba". Retrieved 2008-12-11.
Jump up ^ "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México". Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Federação dos Municípios do Estado do Maranhão (FAMEM) - Araioses". Archived from the original on January 15, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
Jump up ^ "Gobierno del Estado de Aguascalientes". Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ Jonesborough, Tennessee
Jump up ^ "Federação dos Municípios do Estado do Maranhão (FAMEM) - Codó". Archived from the original on January 15, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
Jump up ^ "History of the Battlefords - Historic Perspective". Battlefords Tourism. 2004. Archived from the original on 2007-09-01. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
Jump up ^ "Escada, Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Sustentável a Zona da Mata de Pernambuco - PROMATA". Retrieved 2008-07-23.
Jump up ^ "Federação das Associações de Municípios da Paraíba". Retrieved 2008-12-11.
Jump up ^ "Itambé, Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Sustentável a Zona da Mata de Pernambuco - PROMATA". Retrieved 2008-07-23.
Jump up ^ "Federação dos Municípios do Estado do Maranhão (FAMEM) - Chapadinha". Archived from the original on January 15, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
Jump up ^ "Água Preta, Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Sustentável a Zona da Mata de Pernambuco - PROMATA". Retrieved 2008-07-23.
Jump up ^ "Prefeitura de Pelotas". Retrieved 2008-08-28.
Jump up ^ "Federação das Associações de Municípios da Paraíba". Retrieved 2008-12-11.
Jump up ^ "Prefeitura Municipal de Piracanjuba". Retrieved 2008-11-08.
Jump up ^ "Federação das Associações de Municípios da Paraíba". Retrieved 2008-12-11.
Jump up ^ "Nazaré da Mata, Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Sustentável a Zona da Mata de Pernambuco - PROMATA". Retrieved 2008-07-23.
Jump up ^ "Rio Formoso, Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Sustentável a Zona da Mata de Pernambuco - PROMATA". Retrieved 2008-07-23.
Jump up ^ "Federação dos Municípios do Estado do Maranhão (FAMEM) - Barra do Corda". Archived from the original on January 15, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
Jump up ^ "Federação dos Municípios do Estado do Maranhão (FAMEM) - Curupuru". Archived from the original on January 15, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
Jump up ^ "Glória do Goitá, Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Sustentável a Zona da Mata de Pernambuco - PROMATA". Retrieved 2008-07-23.
Jump up ^ "Prefeitura Municipal de Uruguaiana". Archived from the original on 2008-04-23. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
Jump up ^ "Federação das Associações de Municípios da Paraíba". Retrieved 2008-12-11.
Jump up ^ "Página Oficial da Prefeitura da Cidade de Caruaru". Retrieved 2008-07-23.
Jump up ^ "Prefeitura Municipal de Rio Verde". Retrieved 2008-11-08.
Jump up ^ "Federação dos Municípios do Estado do Maranhão". Archived from the original on January 15, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
Jump up ^ "City of Saskatoon · City Council · City History". PAREDA - Tourism Prince Albert. 2005. Archived from the original on 2008-03-04. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
Jump up ^ "Federação dos Municípios do Estado do Maranhão (FAMEM) - Colinas". Archived from the original on January 15, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
Jump up ^ "Federação dos Municípios do Estado do Maranhão (FAMEM) - Alto Parnaíba". Archived from the original on January 15, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
Jump up ^ "Timbaúba, Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Sustentável a Zona da Mata de Pernambuco - PROMATA". Retrieved 2008-07-23.
Jump up ^ "The Official Web Site for the City of Humboldt". City of Humboldt. 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
Jump up ^ "Federação das Associações de Municípios da Paraíba". Retrieved 2008-12-11.
Jump up ^ "Federação dos Municípios do Estado do Maranhão (FAMEM) - Barra do Corda". Archived from the original on January 15, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
Jump up ^ "Vicência, Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Sustentável a Zona da Mata de Pernambuco - PROMATA". Retrieved 2008-07-23.
Jump up ^ "Our Early History - Moose Jaw". Archived from the original on 2008-02-25. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
Jump up ^ "City of Yorkton - History and Folklore Summary - 1882 to 1889". 2005. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
Jump up ^ "tourism swift current - history of swift current, saskatchewan, canada". City of Swift Current. 2005. Archived from the original on 2007-10-10. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
Jump up ^ "City of Regina - School Projects". Archived from the original on 2008-02-14. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
Jump up ^ "City of Saskatoon · City Council · City History". Archived from the original on 2007-10-17. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
Jump up ^ "The Development of Melfort". Welcome to The City of Melfort - The City of Northern Lights. October 21, 2002. Archived from the original on 2007-10-10. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
Jump up ^ "Aliança, Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Sustentável a Zona da Mata de Pernambuco - PROMATA". Retrieved 2008-07-23.
Jump up ^ King, Andrew (2005) [1967]. "Estevan The Power Centre". Estevan Public Library. Archived from the original on 2007-08-07. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
Jump up ^ "Condado, Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Sustentável a Zona da Mata de Pernambuco - PROMATA". Retrieved 2008-07-23.
Jump up ^ "Prefeitura Municipal de Inhumas". Archived from the original on 2008-09-19. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
Jump up ^ "Weyburn - The Opportunity City". 2004. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
Jump up ^ "Lloydminster History - Official Centennial Site 1903–2003". October 21, 2002. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
Jump up ^ "City of Melville, SK - Canada". Archived from the original on 2008-03-02. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
Jump up ^ "Federação dos Municípios do Estado do Maranhão (FAMEM) - Estreito". Archived from the original on January 15, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
Jump up ^ "Gobierno del Estado de Aguascalientes". Retrieved 2008-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México". Archived from the original on 2007-05-22. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
External links[edit]
Gary S. Breschini, Ph.D. "The Founding of Monterey", The Monterey County Historical Society, 1996. Accessed June 15, 2007.
Kent Seavey. "A Short History of Salinas, California", The Monterey County Historical Society, 2006. Accessed June 15, 2007.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_cities_in_the_Americas_by_year_of_foundation&oldid=827768739"
Categories:
Timelines of North American history
United States history-related lists
Historical geography
Lists of cities in the Americas
Lists of cities in the United States
Hidden categories:
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from December 2008
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from June 2016
CS1 maint: Unfit url
Articles needing additional references from February 2008
All articles needing additional references
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 26 February 2018, at 16:49.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

tag: b

attr: class href

value: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

tag: small

tag: tbody

value: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

value:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

value:
/wiki/Puerto_Hormiga_Culture
mw-redirect
Puerto Hormiga Culture

value:
/wiki/Norte_Chico_(Peruvian_region)
mw-redirect
Norte Chico (Peruvian region)

value:
/wiki/Guatemala_city
mw-redirect
Guatemala city

value:
/wiki/Yucat%C3%A1n_(state)
mw-redirect
Yucatán (state)

value:
/wiki/M%C3%A9xico_(state)
mw-redirect
México (state)

value:
/wiki/Tula,_Hidalgo
mw-redirect
Tula, Hidalgo

value:
/wiki/Estado_de_Mexico
mw-redirect
Estado de Mexico

value:
/wiki/Mexico_State
mw-redirect
Mexico State

value:
/wiki/Zuni_Pueblo
mw-redirect
Zuni Pueblo

value:
/wiki/Chimaltenango_(department)
mw-redirect
Chimaltenango (department)

value:
/wiki/Puerto_Plata_(province)
mw-redirect
Puerto Plata (province)

value:
/wiki/Santa_Cruz_del_Seibo
mw-redirect
Santa Cruz del Seibo

value:
/wiki/Azua_de_Compostela
mw-redirect
Azua de Compostela

value:
/wiki/S%C3%A1nchez_Ram%C3%ADrez
mw-redirect
Sánchez Ramírez

value:
/wiki/La_Altagracia
mw-redirect
La Altagracia

value:
/wiki/Monse%C3%B1or_Nouel
mw-redirect
Monseñor Nouel

value:
/wiki/Santa_Maria_la_Antigua_del_Darien
mw-redirect
Santa Maria la Antigua del Darien

value:
/wiki/Veracruz,_Veracruz
mw-redirect
Veracruz, Veracruz

value:
/wiki/Panama_Viejo
mw-redirect
Panama Viejo

value:
/wiki/Sucre_State
mw-redirect
Sucre State

value:
/wiki/Granada_(department)
mw-redirect
Granada (department)

value:
/wiki/Chimaltenango,_Chimaltenango
mw-redirect
Chimaltenango, Chimaltenango

value:
/wiki/Nu%C3%B1o_Beltr%C3%A1n
mw-redirect
Nuño Beltrán

value:
/wiki/Puebla,_Puebla
mw-redirect
Puebla, Puebla

value:
/wiki/Toribio_de_Benavente
mw-redirect
Toribio de Benavente

value:
/wiki/Oaxaca,_Oaxaca
mw-redirect
Oaxaca, Oaxaca

value:
/wiki/Cartagena_de_Indias
mw-redirect
Cartagena de Indias

value:
/wiki/Bol%C3%ADvar_(department)
mw-redirect
Bolívar (department)

value:
/wiki/Imbabura_provincia
mw-redirect
Imbabura provincia

value:
/wiki/Santiago_de_Cali
mw-redirect
Santiago de Cali

value:
/wiki/Valle_del_Cauca
mw-redirect
Valle del Cauca

value:
/wiki/Cort%C3%A9s_(department)
mw-redirect
Cortés (department)

value:
/wiki/Campeche,_Campeche
mw-redirect
Campeche, Campeche

value:
/wiki/Santiago,_Chile
mw-redirect
Santiago, Chile

value:
/wiki/Guadalajara,_Jalisco
mw-redirect
Guadalajara, Jalisco

value:
/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Mexico
mw-redirect
Mérida, Mexico

value:
/wiki/Cob%C3%A1n,_Cob%C3%A1n
mw-redirect
Cobán, Cobán

value:
/wiki/Alta_Verapaz
mw-redirect
Alta Verapaz

value:
/wiki/Sao_Paulo_(state)
mw-redirect
Sao Paulo (state)

value:
/wiki/Zacatecas,_Zacatecas
mw-redirect
Zacatecas, Zacatecas

value:
/wiki/Vit%C3%B3ria,_Brazil
mw-redirect
Vitória, Brazil

value:
/wiki/Sonsonate,_Sonsonate
mw-redirect
Sonsonate, Sonsonate

value:
/wiki/San_Juan_Province_(Argentina)
mw-redirect
San Juan Province (Argentina)

value: Río Grande, Zacatecas (page does not exist)

value:
/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_State
mw-redirect
Rio de Janeiro State

value:
/wiki/Venezuelan_Capital_District
mw-redirect
Venezuelan Capital District

value:
/wiki/Jerez,_Zacatecas
mw-redirect
Jerez, Zacatecas

value:
/wiki/Huancavelica_region
mw-redirect
Huancavelica region

value:
/wiki/San_German,_Puerto_Rico
mw-redirect
San German, Puerto Rico

value:
/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_Province_(Argentina)
mw-redirect
Córdoba Province (Argentina)

value:
/wiki/Santa_F%C3%A9,_Argentina
mw-redirect
Santa Fé, Argentina

value:
/wiki/Santa_F%C3%A9_Province
mw-redirect
Santa Fé Province

value:
/wiki/Tarija,_Bolivia
mw-redirect
Tarija, Bolivia

value:
/wiki/City_of_Aguascalientes
mw-redirect
City of Aguascalientes

value:
/wiki/St_John%27s,_Newfoundland
mw-redirect
St John's, Newfoundland

value:
/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n_del_Oro
mw-redirect
Concepción del Oro

value:
/wiki/Portobelo,_Panama
mw-redirect
Portobelo, Panama

value:
/wiki/Tadoussac,_Quebec
mw-redirect
Tadoussac, Quebec

value:
/wiki/David,_Panama
mw-redirect
David, Panama

value: Port Royal, Annapolis County, Nova Scotia

value:
/wiki/Leon,_Nicaragua
mw-redirect
Leon, Nicaragua

value: Harbour Grace, Newfoundland and Labrador

value:
/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts
mw-redirect
Boston, Massachusetts

value:
/wiki/Paramaribo,_Suriname
mw-redirect
Paramaribo, Suriname

value:
/wiki/Speightstown,_Barbados
mw-redirect
Speightstown, Barbados

value:
/wiki/Hidalgo_del_Parral
mw-redirect
Hidalgo del Parral

value:
/wiki/Chihuahua,_Chihuahua
mw-redirect
Chihuahua, Chihuahua

value:
/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res,_Quebec
mw-redirect
Trois-Rivières, Quebec

value:
/wiki/Belize_City,_Belize
mw-redirect
Belize City, Belize

value:
/wiki/Placentia,_Newfoundland
mw-redirect
Placentia, Newfoundland

value:
/wiki/Codrington,_Barbuda
mw-redirect
Codrington, Barbuda

value:
nofollow
http://www.sault-sainte-marie.mi.us/
external autonumber

value: Boqueirão, Paraíba (page does not exist)

value: Newark (later Orange) (page does not exist)

value:
/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania
mw-redirect
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

value:
/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Borja
mw-redirect
São Borja

value: São Lourenço das Missões (page does not exist)

value:
/wiki/Rimouski,_Quebec
mw-redirect
Rimouski, Quebec

value:
/wiki/Antonina_(Brazil)
mw-redirect
Antonina (Brazil)

value:
/wiki/Miami_tribe
mw-redirect
Miami tribe

value:
/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana
mw-redirect
New Orleans, Louisiana

value:
/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texas
mw-redirect
San Antonio, Texas

value:
/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland
mw-redirect
Baltimore, Maryland

value:
/wiki/Roseau,_Dominica
mw-redirect
Roseau, Dominica

value:
/wiki/Fredericton,_New_Brunswick
mw-redirect
Fredericton, New Brunswick

value:
/wiki/Winnipeg,_Manitoba
mw-redirect
Winnipeg, Manitoba

value:
/wiki/Camargo_(Chihuahua)
mw-redirect
Camargo (Chihuahua)

value:
/wiki/San_Felipe_de_Puerto_Plata
mw-redirect
San Felipe de Puerto Plata

value:
/wiki/Halifax_Regional_Municipality
mw-redirect
Halifax Regional Municipality

value:
/wiki/Patos,_Brazil
mw-redirect
Patos, Brazil

value:
/wiki/Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania
mw-redirect
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

value:
/wiki/Saint_Vincent_(island)
mw-redirect
Saint Vincent (island)

value:
/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri
mw-redirect
St. Louis, Missouri

value: Port Elizabeth, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

value:
/wiki/Trelawny_Parish,_Jamaica
mw-redirect
Trelawny Parish, Jamaica

value:
/wiki/San_Diego,_California
mw-redirect
San Diego, California

value:
/wiki/Presidio_of_Monterey
mw-redirect
Presidio of Monterey

value:
/wiki/Fort_Boonesborough
mw-redirect
Fort Boonesborough

value:
/wiki/San_Francisco,_California
mw-redirect
San Francisco, California

value:
/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California
mw-redirect
Los Angeles, California

value:
/wiki/North_Battleford,_Saskatchewan
mw-redirect
North Battleford, Saskatchewan

value:
/wiki/Battleford,_Saskatchewan
mw-redirect
Battleford, Saskatchewan

value: Boa Ventura, Brazil (page does not exist)

value:
/wiki/Cincinnati,_Ohio
mw-redirect
Cincinnati, Ohio

value:
/wiki/Sherbrooke,_Quebec
mw-redirect
Sherbrooke, Quebec

value:
/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio
mw-redirect
Cleveland, Ohio

value:
/wiki/Chaguanas,_Trinidad_and_Tobago
mw-redirect
Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago

value:
/wiki/Franklinton,_Ohio
mw-redirect
Franklinton, Ohio

value:
/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Barahona
mw-redirect
Santa Cruz de Barahona

value:
/wiki/Managua,_Nicaragua
mw-redirect
Managua, Nicaragua

value:
/wiki/Indianapolis,_Indiana
mw-redirect
Indianapolis, Indiana

value:
/wiki/Ottawa,_Ontario
mw-redirect
Ottawa, Ontario

value:
/wiki/Fort_Leavenworth,_Kansas
mw-redirect
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas

value: St. Andrews, Florida (page does not exist)

value:
/wiki/Key_West,_Florida
mw-redirect
Key West, Florida

value:
/wiki/Milwaukee,_Wisconsin
mw-redirect
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

value:
/wiki/Oshawa,_Ontario
mw-redirect
Oshawa, Ontario

value:
/wiki/Houston,_Texas
mw-redirect
Houston, Texas

value:
/wiki/St_Paul,_Minnesota
mw-redirect
St Paul, Minnesota

value:
/wiki/Dallas,_Texas
mw-redirect
Dallas, Texas

value:
/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia
mw-redirect
Atlanta, Georgia

value:
/wiki/Salt_Lake_City,_Utah
mw-redirect
Salt Lake City, Utah

value:
/wiki/Seattle,_Washington
mw-redirect
Seattle, Washington

value:
/wiki/Denver,_Colorado
mw-redirect
Denver, Colorado

value:
/wiki/Minneapolis,_Minnesota
mw-redirect
Minneapolis, Minnesota

value:
/wiki/Puerto_Limon,_Costa_Rica
mw-redirect
Puerto Limon, Costa Rica

value:
/wiki/Moose_Jaw,_Saskatchewan
mw-redirect
Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan

value:
/wiki/Yorkton,_Saskatchewan
mw-redirect
Yorkton, Saskatchewan

value:
/wiki/Swift_Current,_Saskatchewan
mw-redirect
Swift Current, Saskatchewan

value:
/wiki/Saskatoon,_Saskatchewan
mw-redirect
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

value:
/wiki/Nutana,_Saskatchewan
mw-redirect
Nutana, Saskatchewan

value: Central Business District, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

value:
nofollow
http://gulfport.publish-now.com/
external autonumber

value:
/wiki/Oklahoma_City,_Oklahoma
mw-redirect
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

value:
/wiki/Estevan,_Saskatchewan
mw-redirect
Estevan, Saskatchewan

value:
/wiki/Traverse_City
mw-redirect
Traverse City

value:
/wiki/Miami,_Florida
mw-redirect
Miami, Florida

value:
/wiki/Weyburn,_Saskatchewan
mw-redirect
Weyburn, Saskatchewan

value:
/wiki/Lloydminster,_Saskatchewan
mw-redirect
Lloydminster, Saskatchewan

value:
/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevada
mw-redirect
Las Vegas, Nevada

value:
/wiki/Alto_Paran%C3%A1
mw-redirect
Alto Paraná

value:
/wiki/Belmopan,_Belize
mw-redirect
Belmopan, Belize

value: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2008)

value:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.famem.org.br/Pagina20.htm

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.famem.org.br/Pagina32.htm

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.famem.org.br/Pagina147.htm

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.famem.org.br/Pagina145.htm

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.famem.org.br/Pagina42.htm

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.famem.org.br/Pagina152.htm

value:
nofollow
http://www.rioverdegoias.com.br/
external text

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.famem.org.br/Pagina28.htm

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.patourism.ca/history.aspx

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.famem.org.br/Pagina149.htm

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.famem.org.br/Pagina25.htm

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.famem.org.br/Pagina114.htm

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.cityofmelfort.ca/about.htm

value:
nofollow
http://city.weyburn.sk.ca/
external text

value:
nofollow
http://www.lloydminster.net/
external text

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.famem.org.br/Pagina157.htm

value: -moz-column-width: 33em; -webkit-column-width: 33em; column-width: 33em; list-style-type: decimal;

value: Category:Timelines of North American history

value: Category:United States history-related lists

value: Category:Lists of cities in the Americas

value: Category:Lists of cities in the United States

value: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

value: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2008

value: Category:All articles with dead external links

value: Category:Articles with dead external links from June 2016

value: Category:Articles needing additional references from February 2008

value: Category:All articles needing additional references

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-List_of_cities_in_the_Americas_by_year_of_foundation rootpage-List_of_cities_in_the_Americas_by_year_of_foundation skin-vector action-view


text:
Protein biosynthesis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
RNA is transcribed in the nucleus; once completely processed, it is transported to the cytoplasm and translated by the ribosome (shown in very pale grey behind the tRNA).
Protein synthesis is the process whereby biological cells generate new proteins; it is balanced by the loss of cellular proteins via degradation or export. Translation, the assembly of amino acids by ribosomes, is an essential part of the biosynthetic pathway, along with generation of messenger RNA (mRNA), aminoacylation of transfer RNA (tRNA), co-translational transport, and post-translational modification. Protein biosynthesis is strictly regulated at multiple steps.[1] They are principally during transcription (phenomena of RNA synthesis from DNA template) and translation (phenomena of amino acid assembly from RNA).
The cistron DNA is transcribed into the first of a series of RNA intermediates. The last version is used as a template in synthesis of a polypeptide chain. Protein will often be synthesized directly from genes by translating mRNA. However, when a protein must be available on short notice or in large quantities, a protein precursor is produced. A proprotein is an inactive protein containing one or more inhibitory peptides that can be activated when the inhibitory sequence is removed by proteolysis during posttranslational modification. A preprotein is a form that contains a signal sequence (an N-terminal signal peptide) that specifies its insertion into or through membranes, i.e., targets them for secretion.[2] The signal peptide is cleaved off in the endoplasmic reticulum.[2] Preproproteins have both sequences (inhibitory and signal) still present.
In protein synthesis, a succession of tRNA molecules charged with appropriate amino acids are brought together with an mRNA molecule and matched up by base-pairing through the anti-codons of the tRNA with successive codons of the mRNA. The amino acids are then linked together to extend the growing protein chain, and the tRNAs, no longer carrying amino acids, are released. This whole complex of processes is carried out by the ribosome, formed of two main chains of RNA, called ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and more than 50 different proteins. The ribosome latches onto the end of an mRNA molecule and moves along it, capturing loaded tRNA molecules and joining together their amino acids to form a new protein chain.[3]
Protein biosynthesis, although very similar, is different for prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Contents
[hide]
1 Transcription
2 Translation
3 Events during or following protein translation
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Transcription[edit]
Main article: Transcription (genetics)
Diagram showing the process of transcription
Phenomena of RNA synthesis from DNA template In transcription an mRNA chain is generated, with one strand of the DNA double helix in the genome as a template. This strand is called the template strand. Transcription can be divided into 3 stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each regulated by a large number of proteins such as transcription factors and coactivators that ensure that the correct gene is transcribed.
Transcription occurs in the cell nucleus, where the DNA is held. The DNA structure of the cell is made up of two helixes made up of sugar and phosphate held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases of opposite strands. The sugar and the phosphate in each strand are joined together by stronger phosphodiester covalent bonds. The DNA is "unzipped" (disruption of hydrogen bonds between different single strands) by the enzyme helicase, leaving the single nucleotide chain open to be copied. RNA polymerase reads the DNA strand from the 3-prime (3') end to the 5-prime (5') end, while it synthesizes a single strand of messenger RNA in the 5'-to-3' direction. The general RNA structure is very similar to the DNA structure, but in RNA the nucleotide uracil takes the place that thymine occupies in DNA. The single strand of mRNA leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores, and migrates into the cytoplasm.
The first product of transcription differs in prokaryotic cells from that of eukaryotic cells, as in prokaryotic cells the product is mRNA, which needs no post-transcriptional modification, whereas, in eukaryotic cells, the first product is called primary transcript, that needs post-transcriptional modification (capping with 7-methyl-guanosine, tailing with a poly A tail) to give hnRNA (heterogeneous nuclear RNA). hnRNA then undergoes splicing of introns (noncoding parts of the gene) via spliceosomes to produce the final mRNA.
Translation[edit]
Main article: Translation (biology)
Diagram showing the process of translation
Diagram showing the translation of mRNA and the synthesis of proteins by a ribosome
Phenomena of amino acid assembly from RNA. The synthesis of proteins from RNA is known as translation. In eukaryotes, translation occurs in the cytoplasm, where the ribosomes are located. Ribosomes are made of a small and large subunit that surround the mRNA. In translation, messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded to produce a specific polypeptide according to the rules specified by the trinucleotide genetic code. This uses an mRNA sequence as a template to guide the synthesis of a chain of amino acids that form a protein. Translation proceeds in four phases: activation, initiation, elongation, and termination (all describing the growth of the amino acid chain, or polypeptide that is the product of translation).
In activation, the correct amino acid (AA) is joined to the correct transfer RNA (tRNA). While this is not, in the technical sense, a step in translation, it is required for translation to proceed. The AA is joined by its carboxyl group to the 3' OH of the tRNA by an ester bond. When the tRNA has an amino acid linked to it, it is termed "charged". Initiation involves the small subunit of the ribosome binding to 5' end of mRNA with the help of initiation factors (IF), other proteins that assist the process. Elongation occurs when the next aminoacyl-tRNA (charged tRNA) in line binds to the ribosome along with GTP and an elongation factor. Termination of the polypeptide happens when the A site of the ribosome faces a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA). When this happens, no tRNA can recognize it, but releasing factor can recognize nonsense codons and causes the release of the polypeptide chain. The capacity of disabling or inhibiting translation in protein biosynthesis is used by some antibiotics such as anisomycin, cycloheximide, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin, puromycin, etc.
Events during or following protein translation[edit]
Main articles: Proteolysis, Posttranslational modification, and Protein folding
Events that occur during or following biosynthesis include proteolysis, post-translational modification and protein folding. Proteolysis may remove N-terminal, C-terminal or internal amino-acid residues or peptides from the polypeptide. The termini and side-chains of the polypeptide may be subjected to post-translational modification. These modifications may be required for correct cellular localisation or the natural function of the protein. During and after synthesis, polypeptide chains often fold to assume, so called, native secondary and tertiary structures. This is known as protein folding and is typically required for the natural function of the protein.
See also[edit]
Central dogma of molecular biology
Cistron
Gene expression
Genetic code
Operon
Peptide synthesis
Protein production
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Kafri M, Metzl-Raz E, Jona G, Barkai N. 2016. The Cost of Protein Production. Cell Rep 14:22–31. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.015
^ Jump up to: a b Alberts, Bruce (2002). Molecular biology of the cell. New York: Garland Science. p. 760. ISBN 0-8153-3218-1.
Jump up ^ Alberts, Bruce. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5e. New York: Garland Science, 2008.
External links[edit]
Interactive Java simulation of transcription initiation. From Center for Models of Life at the Niels Bohr Institute.
A website focused primarily on Protein Synthesis.
[show]
v
t
e
Protein primary structure and posttranslational modifications
General
Peptide bond
Protein biosynthesis
Proteolysis
Racemization
N-O acyl shift
N terminus
Acetylation
Carbamylation
Formylation
Glycation
Methylation
Myristoylation (Gly)
C terminus
Amidation
Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)
O-methylation
Detyrosination
Single specific AAs
Serine/Threonine
Phosphorylation
Dephosphorylation
Glycosylation
Methylidene-imidazolone (MIO) formation
Tyrosine
Phosphorylation
Dephosphorylation
Sulfation
Porphyrin ring linkage
Adenylylation
Flavin linkage
Topaquinone (TPQ) formation
Detyrosination
Cysteine
Palmitoylation
Prenylation
Aspartate
Succinimide formation
Glutamate
Carboxylation
Methylation
Polyglutamylation
Polyglycylation
Asparagine
Deamidation
Glycosylation
Glutamine
Transglutamination
Lysine
Methylation
Acetylation
Acylation
Adenylylation
Hydroxylation
Ubiquitination
Sumoylation
ADP-ribosylation
Deamination
Oxidative deamination to aldehyde
O-glycosylation
Imine formation
Glycation
Carbamylation
Succinylation
Arginine
Citrullination
Methylation
ADP-ribosylation
Proline
Hydroxylation
Histidine
Diphthamide formation
Adenylylation
Tryptophan
C-mannosylation
Crosslinks between two AAs
Cysteine-Cysteine
Disulfide bond
Methionine-Hydroxylysine
Sulfilimine bond
Lysine-Tyrosylquinone
Lysine tyrosylquinone (LTQ) formation
Tryptophan-Tryptophylquinone
Tryptophan tryptophylquinone (TTQ) formation
Three consecutive AAs
(chromophore formation)
Serine–Tyrosine–Glycine
p-Hydroxybenzylidene-imidazolinone formation
Histidine–Tyrosine–Glycine
4-(p-hydroxybenzylidene)-5-imidazolinone formation
Crosslinks between four AAs
Allysine-Allysine-Allysine-Lysine
Desmosine
[show]
v
t
e
Gene expression
Introduction
to genetics
Genetic code
Central dogma
DNA → RNA → Protein
Special transfers
RNA→RNA
RNA→DNA
Protein→Protein
Transcription
Types
Bacterial
Eukaryotic
Key elements
Transcription factor
RNA polymerase
Promoter
Post-transcription
Precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA / hnRNA)
5' capping
Splicing
Polyadenylation
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
Translation
Types
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Key elements
Ribosome
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosome-nascent chain complex (RNC)
Post-translational modification (functional groups · peptides · structural changes)
Regulation
Epigenetic
imprinting
Transcriptional
Gene regulatory network
cis-regulatory element
lac operon
Post-transcriptional
sequestration (P-bodies)
alternative splicing
microRNA
Translational
Post-translational
reversible
irreversible
Influential people
François Jacob
Jacques Monod
[show]
v
t
e
Proteins
Processes
Protein biosynthesis
Post-translational modification
Protein folding
Protein targeting
Proteome
Protein methods
Structures
Protein structure
Protein structural domains
Proteasome
Types
List of types of proteins
List of proteins
Membrane protein
Globular protein
Globulin
Albumin
Fibrous protein
[show]
v
t
e
Proteins: key methods of study
Experimental
Protein purification
Green fluorescent protein
Western blot
Protein immunostaining
Protein sequencing
Gel electrophoresis/Protein electrophoresis
Protein immunoprecipitation
Peptide mass fingerprinting/Protein mass spectrometry
Dual-polarization interferometry
Microscale thermophoresis
Chromatin immunoprecipitation
Surface plasmon resonance
Isothermal titration calorimetry
X-ray crystallography
Protein NMR
Cryo-electron microscopy
Freeze-fracture electron microscopy
Bioinformatics
Protein structure prediction
Protein–protein docking
Protein structural alignment
Protein ontology
Protein–protein interaction prediction
Assay
Enzyme assay
Protein assay
Secretion assay
Display techniques
Bacterial display
mRNA display
Phage display
Ribosome display
Yeast display
Super-resolution microscopy
Photoactivated localization microscopy
Vertico SMI
Metabolism portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protein_biosynthesis&oldid=820664044"
Categories:
Gene expression
Proteins
Biosynthesis
Metabolism
Protein biosynthesis
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Afrikaans
العربية
تۆرکجه
Bosanski
Català
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Español
Esperanto
فارسی
Français
Galego
Հայերեն
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
ಕನ್ನಡ
ქართული
Magyar
Македонски
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Occitan
Polski
Português
Русский
Simple English
Slovenčina
کوردی
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 15 January 2018, at 22:32.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

tag: div

attr: id class

value: mw-page-base noprint

key: html

type: local

value: mw-head-base noprint

tag: a

attr: id class lang

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

tag: img

attr: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attr: href class

attr: href class title

value:
/wiki/Transcription_(genetics)
mw-redirect
Transcription (genetics)

attr: href title

value:
/wiki/Translation_(genetics)
mw-redirect
Translation (genetics)

attr: class style

value:
/wiki/Posttranslational_modification
mw-redirect
Posttranslational modification

value:
/wiki/Inhibitory_peptide
mw-redirect
Inhibitory peptide

value:
/wiki/Amino_acids
mw-redirect
Amino acids

value:
/wiki/Template_strand
mw-redirect
Template strand

value:
/wiki/Initiation_factors
mw-redirect
Initiation factors

value: Edit section: Events during or following protein translation

value:
/wiki/Secondary_structure
mw-redirect
Secondary structure

value:
/wiki/Tertiary_structure
mw-redirect
Tertiary structure

value:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

value:
nofollow
http://cmol.nbi.dk/
external text

value:
/wiki/Disulfide_bond
mw-redirect
Disulfide bond

value:
/wiki/Sulfilimine_bond
mw-redirect
Sulfilimine bond

value: Lysine tyrosylquinone (page does not exist)

value:
/wiki/Green_Fluorescent_Protein
mw-redirect
Green Fluorescent Protein

value: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value:
/wiki/Reverse_transcription
mw-redirect
Reverse transcription

value:
row
navbox-group
width:8.0em;font-weight: normal;

value: Template talk:Protein topics (page does not exist)

value: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins

value: Vertico spatially modulated illumination

value: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

attr: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value:
noprint metadata navbox
navigation
Portals
font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em

value:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

value:
/wiki/Protein_biosynthesis
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

value: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

value:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

value: اصطناع حيوي للبروتين – Arabic

value: پروتئینلرین سینتزی – South Azerbaijani

value: زیست‌ساخت پروتئین – Persian

value: Սպիտակուցների կենսասինթեզ – Armenian

value: ಪ್ರೋಟೀನ್ ಜೈವಿಕ ಸಂಯೋಜನೆ – Kannada

value: ცილის ბიოსინთეზი – Georgian

value: Биосинтеза на белковини – Macedonian

value: タンパク質生合成 – Japanese

value: Биосинтез белка – Russian

value: درووستبوونی پڕۆتین – Central Kurdish

value: Синтеза протеина – Serbian

value: การสังเคราะห์โปรตีน – Thai

value: Біосинтез білків – Ukrainian

value: 蛋白質生物合成 – Chinese

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Protein_biosynthesis rootpage-Protein_biosynthesis skin-vector action-view