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List of Governors of Texas
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Governor of Texas
Seal of the Governor
Incumbent
Greg Abbott
since January 20, 2015
Style
The Honorable
Residence
Texas Governor's Mansion
Term length
Four years, no term limits
Inaugural holder
James Pinckney Henderson
1846
Formation
Texas Constitution
Salary
$150,000 (2013)[1]
Website
Office of the Governor
The Governor of Texas is the chief executive of the U.S. State of Texas, the presiding officer over the executive branch of the Government of Texas, and the commander-in-chief of the Texas National Guard, the State's militia. The governor has the power to consider bills passed by the Texas Legislature, by signing them into law, or vetoing them, and in bills relating to appropriations, the power of a line-item veto. He may convene the legislature, and grant pardons and reprieves,[2] except in cases of impeachment, and upon the permission of the legislature, in cases of treason. The State provides an official residence, the Governor's Mansion in Austin. The incumbent, Greg Abbott, is the forty-eighth governor, of whom two have been women, to serve in the office since Texas' statehood in 1845.
When compared to those of other states, the Governorship of Texas has been described as one of relative weakness.[3][4] In some respects, it is the Lieutenant Governor of Texas, who presides over the Texas Senate, who possesses greater influence to exercise their prerogatives.[3][4]
The governor is inaugurated on the third Tuesday of January every four years along with the Lieutenant Governor, and serves a term of four years. Prior to the present laws, in 1845, the state's first constitution established the office of governor, serving a term of two years, but no more than four years of every six.[5] The 1861 constitution, following secession from the Union, established the first Monday of November following election as the term's start.[6] Following the end of the American Civil War, the 1866 constitution increased term length to four years, limiting overall service to no more than eight years of every twelve, moving the term's start to the first Thursday following organization of the legislature, or "as soon thereafter as practicable."[7] The constitution of 1869, enacted during Reconstruction, removed term limitations,[8] to this day making Texas one of fourteen states[9] with no limit on gubernatorial terms. The present constitution of 1876 returned terms to two years,[10] but a 1972 amendment again returned them to four.[11]
Since its establishment, only one man has served in excess of eight years as governor: Rick Perry. Perry, the longest-serving governor in state history, assumed the governorship in 2000 upon the exit of George W. Bush, who resigned to take office as the 43rd President of the United States. Perry was re-elected in 2002, 2006, and 2010 serving for 14 years before choosing to retire in 2014.
Allan Shivers assumed the governorship upon the death of Beauford Jester in July 1949 and was re-elected in 1950, 1952 and 1954, serving for 7 1/2 years, making him the second longest serving Texas governor. Price Daniel was elected to the governorship in 1956 and re-elected in 1958 and 1960 before losing his re-election for an unprecedented fourth term in the 1962 Democratic primary, missing the runoff. John Connally was elected in 1962 and re-elected in 1964 and 1966 before choosing to retire in 1968.
In the case of a vacancy in the office, the lieutenant governor becomes governor.[12] Prior to a 1999 amendment, the lieutenant governor only acted as governor until the expiration of the term to which he succeeded.[13][14]
Contents
[hide]
1 Governors of Spanish Texas
2 Governors of Mexican Texas
3 Presidents of the Republic of Texas
4 Governors of Texas
5 Other high offices held
6 Living former governors of Texas
7 Gubernatorial trivia
7.1 Background
7.2 Elections
7.3 Texas governors in popular culture
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
Governors of Spanish Texas[edit]
See: List of Texas Governors and Presidents
Governors of Mexican Texas[edit]
See: List of Texas Governors and Presidents
Presidents of the Republic of Texas[edit]
See: President of the Republic of Texas#List of presidents and vice presidents
Governors of Texas[edit]
Number of Governors of Texas by party affiliation
Party
Governors
Democratic 39
Republican 7
Unionist 1
Independent 1
Military 1
#
Governor
Term in office
Party
Election
Prior office
Lt. Governor
1 James Pinckney Henderson
March 31, 1808 - June 4, 1858
(Aged 50) February 19, 1846
-
December 21, 1847 Democratic 1845 Minister to England and France Republic of Texas
(1837-1840) Albert Clinton Horton
2 George T. Wood
March 12, 1795 - September 3, 1858
(Aged 63) December 21, 1847
–
December 21, 1849 Democratic 1847 Texas State Senator
(1846-1847) John Alexander Greer
3 Peter Hansborough Bell
May 11, 1810 - March 8, 1898
(Aged 87) December 21, 1849
–
November 23, 1853 Democratic 1849 Lieutenant colonel of the Second Regiment Texas Mounted Volunteers
(1845-1949)
1851
[15] James W. Henderson
[16]
4 James W. Henderson
August 15, 1817 - August 30, 1880
(Aged 63) November 23, 1853
–
December 21, 1853 Democratic 3rd Lieutenant Governor of Texas
(1851-1853) Office vacant
5 Elisha M. Pease
January 3, 1812 - August 26, 1883
(Aged 71) December 21, 1853
–
December 21, 1857 Unionist 1853 Texas State Senator
(1849-1851) David Catchings Dickson
1855 Hardin Richard Runnels
6 Hardin R. Runnels
August 30, 1820 - December 25, 1873
(Aged 53) December 21, 1857
–
December 21, 1859 Democratic 1857 3rd Lieutenant Governor of Texas
(1855-1857) Francis Lubbock
7 Sam Houston
March 2, 1793 - July 26, 1863
(Aged 70) December 21, 1859
–
March 16, 1861 Independent 1859
[17] U.S. Senator from Texas
(1846-1859) Edward Clark
[16]
8 Edward Clark
April 1, 1815 - May 4, 1880
(Aged 65) March 18, 1861
–
November 7, 1861 Democratic 7th Lieutenant Governor of Texas
(1859-1861) Office vacant
9 Francis Lubbock
October 16, 1815 - June 22, 1905
(Aged 89) November 7, 1861
–
November 5, 1863 Democratic 1861 6th Lieutenant Governor of Texas
(1857-1859) John McClannahan Crockett
10 Pendleton Murrah
1824 or 1826 - August 4, 1865
(Aged about 40) November 5, 1863
–
June 17, 1865 Democratic 1863
[18] Texas State Representative
(1857) Fletcher Summerfield Stockdale
[19]
- Fletcher Summerfield Stockdale
1823 or 1825 - February 4, 1890
(Aged about 67) June 11, 1865
–
June 16, 1865 Military 9th Lieutenant Governor of Texas
(1863-1865) Office vacant
11 Andrew Jackson Hamilton
January 28, 1815 - April 11, 1875
(Aged 60) June 16, 1865
–
August 9, 1866
[20] Democratic-Military Texas State Senator-Elect
(1861)
12 James W. Throckmorton
February 1, 1825 - April 21, 1894
(Aged 69) August 9, 1866
–
August 8, 1867 Democratic 1866
[21] Captain of the 6th Texas Cavalry Regiment Confederate Army
(1861-1863) George Washington Jones
13 Elisha M. Pease
January 3, 1812 - August 26, 1883
(Aged 71) August 8, 1867
–
September 30, 1869
[21][22] Republican 5th Governor of Texas
(1853-1857) Office vacant
14 Edmund J. Davis
October 2, 1827 - February 7, 1883
(Aged 55) January 8, 1870
–
January 15, 1874 Republican 1869
[23] Brigadier General of the First Texas Cavalry Regiment Union Army
(1862-1865)
15 Richard Coke
March 18, 1829 - May 14, 1897
(Aged 68) January 15, 1874
–
December 1, 1876 Democratic 1873 Associate Justice of the Texas Supreme Court
(1866-1867) Richard B. Hubbard
[16]
1876
[24]
16 Richard B. Hubbard
November 1, 1832 - July 12, 1901
(Aged 68) December 1, 1876
–
January 21, 1879 Democratic 16th Lieutenant Governor of Texas
(1874-1876) Office vacant
17 Oran Milo Roberts
July 9, 1815 – May 19, 1898
(Aged 82) January 21, 1879
–
January 16, 1883 Democratic 1878 7th Chief Justice of the Texas Supreme Court
(1874-1879) Joseph D. Sayers
1880 Leonidas Jefferson Storey
18 John Ireland
January 1, 1827 – March 15, 1896
(Aged 69) January 16, 1883
–
January 18, 1887 Democratic 1882 Associate Justice of the Texas Supreme Court
(1875-1876) Francis Marion Martin
1884 Barnett Gibbs
19 Lawrence Sullivan "Sul" Ross
September 27, 1838 – January 3, 1898
(Aged 59) January 18, 1887
–
January 20, 1891 Democratic 1886 Texas State Senator
(1881-1883) Thomas Benton Wheeler
1888
20 Jim Hogg
March 24, 1851 – March 3, 1906
(Aged 54) January 20, 1891
–
January 15, 1895 Democratic 1890 21st Attorney General of Texas
(1887-1891) George Cassety Pendleton
1892 Martin McNulty Crane
21 Charles A. Culberson
June 10, 1855 – March 19, 1925
(Aged 69) January 15, 1895
–
January 17, 1899 Democratic 1894 22nd Attorney General of Texas
(1891-1895) George Taylor Jester
1896
22 Joseph D. Sayers
September 23, 1841 – May 15, 1929
(Aged 87) January 17, 1899
–
January 20, 1903 Democratic 1898 U.S. Representative for Texas' 9th district
(1893-1899) James Browning
1900
23 S. W. T. Lanham
July 4, 1846 – July 29, 1908
(Aged 62) January 20, 1903
–
January 15, 1907 Democratic 1902 U.S. Representative for Texas' 8th district
(1897-1903) George D. Neal
1904
24 Thomas Mitchell Campbell
April 22, 1856 – April 1, 1923
(Aged 66) January 15, 1907
–
January 17, 1911 Democratic 1906 General Manager of the Railroad
(1892-1897) Asbury Bascom Davidson
1908
25 Oscar Branch Colquitt
December 16, 1861 – March 8, 1940
(Aged 78) January 17, 1911
–
January 19, 1915 Democratic 1910 Texas Railroad Commissioner
(1903-1911)
1912 William Harding Mayes
26 James E. "Pa" Ferguson
August 31, 1871 – September 21, 1944
(Aged 73) January 19, 1915
–
August 25, 1917 Democratic 1914 Local banker
(since 1906) William P. Hobby
[25]
1916
[26]
27 William P. Hobby
March 26, 1878 – June 7, 1964
(Aged 86) August 25, 1917
–
January 18, 1921 Democratic 24th Lieutenant Governor of Texas
(1915-1917) Office vacant
1918 Willard Arnold Johnson
28 Pat Morris Neff
November 26, 1871 – January 20, 1952
(Aged 80) January 18, 1921
–
January 20, 1925 Democratic 1920 Texas State Representative
(1899-1903) Lynch Davidson
1922 Thomas Whitfield Davidson
29 Miriam A. "Ma" Ferguson
June 13, 1875 – June 25, 1961
(Aged 86) January 20, 1925
–
January 18, 1927 Democratic 1924 First Lady of Texas
(1915–1917) Barry Miller
30 Dan Moody
June 1, 1893 – May 22, 1966
(Aged 72) January 18, 1927
–
January 20, 1931 Democratic 1926 32nd Attorney General of Texas
(1931–1935)
1928
31 Ross S. Sterling
February 11, 1875 – March 25, 1949
(Aged 74) January 20, 1931
–
January 17, 1933 Democratic 1930 Chairman of the Texas Highway Commission
(1930) Edgar E. Witt
32 Miriam A. "Ma" Ferguson
June 13, 1875 – June 25, 1961
(Aged 86) January 17, 1933
–
January 15, 1935 Democratic 1932 29th Governor of Texas
(1925-1927)
33 James Allred
March 29, 1899 – September 24, 1959
(Aged 60) January 15, 1935
–
January 17, 1939 Democratic 1934 35th Attorney General of Texas
(1931–1935) Walter Frank Woodul
1936
34 Wilbert Lee "Pappy" O'Daniel
March 11, 1890 – May 11, 1969
(Aged 79) January 17, 1939
–
August 4, 1941 Democratic 1938 President of the Fort Worth Chamber of Commerce
(1933-1934) Coke R. Stevenson
[25]
1940
[27]
35 Coke R. Stevenson
March 20, 1888 – June 28, 1975
(Aged 87) August 4, 1941
–
January 21, 1947 Democratic 31st Lieutenant Governor of Texas
(1939-1941) Office vacant
1942 John Lee Smith
1944
36 Beauford H. Jester
January 12, 1893 – July 11, 1949
(Aged 56) January 21, 1947
–
July 11, 1949 Democratic 1946 Member of the Texas Railroad Commission
(1943-1947) Allan Shivers
[25]
1948
[28]
37 Allan Shivers
October 5, 1907 – January 14, 1985
(Aged 77) July 11, 1949
–
January 15, 1957 Democratic 33rd Lieutenant Governor of Texas
(1947-1949) Office vacant
1950 Ben Ramsey
1952
1954
38 Price Daniel
October 10, 1910 – August 25, 1988
(Aged 77) January 15, 1957
–
January 15, 1963 Democratic 1956 U.S. Senator from Texas
(1953-1957)
1958
1960
Office vacant
39 John Connally
February 27, 1917 – June 15, 1993
(Aged 76) January 15, 1963
–
January 21, 1969 Democratic 1962 56th United States Secretary of the Navy
(1961) Preston Smith
1964
1966
40 Preston Smith
March 8, 1912 – October 18, 2003
(Aged 91) January 21, 1969
–
January 16, 1973 Democratic 1968 35th Lieutenant Governor of Texas
(1963-1969) Ben Barnes
1970
41 Dolph Briscoe
April 23, 1923 – June 27, 2010
(Aged 87) January 16, 1973
–
January 16, 1979 Democratic 1972 Texas State Representative
(1949-1957) William P. Hobby Jr.
1974
42 Bill Clements
April 13, 1917 – May 29, 2011
(Aged 94) January 16, 1979
–
January 18, 1983 Republican 1978 15th United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
(1973-1977)
43 Mark White
March 17, 1940 – August 5, 2017
(Aged 77) January 18, 1983
–
January 20, 1987 Democratic 1982 46th Attorney General of Texas
(1979-1983)
44 Bill Clements
April 13, 1917 – May 29, 2011
(Aged 94) January 20, 1987
–
January 15, 1991 Republican 1986 42nd Governor of Texas
(1979-1983)
45 Ann Richards
September 1, 1933 – September 13, 2006
(Aged 73) January 15, 1991
–
January 17, 1995 Democratic 1990 Treasurer of Texas
(1983-1991) Bob Bullock
46 George W. Bush
July 6, 1946 (Age 71) January 17, 1995
–
December 21, 2000 Republican 1994 Managing General Partner of the Texas Rangers
(1989-1994)
1998
[29] Rick Perry
47 Rick Perry
March 4, 1950 (Age 68) December 21, 2000
–
January 20, 2015 Republican 39th Lieutenant Governor of Texas
(1999-2000) Bill Ratliff
2002 David Dewhurst
2006
2010
48 Greg Abbott
November 13, 1957 (Age 60) January 20, 2015
–
Incumbent Republican 2014
[30] 50th Attorney General of Texas
(2002-2015) Dan Patrick
Other high offices held[edit]
Governor
Gubernatorial Term
Other high offices held
James Pinckney Henderson 1846–1847 U.S. Senator (1857–1858)
Peter Hansborough Bell 1849–1853 U.S. Representative (1853–1857)
Sam Houston 1859–1861 U.S. Representative from Tennessee (1823–1827), Governor of Tennessee (1827–1829), President of Texas (1836–1838, 1841–1844), U.S. Senator (1846–1859)
Andrew Jackson Hamilton 1865–1866 U.S. Representative (1859–1861)
James W. Throckmorton 1866–1867 U.S. Representative (1875–1879, 1883–1887)
Richard Coke 1874–1876 U.S. Senator (1877–1895)
Richard B. Hubbard 1876–1879 Minister to Japan (1885–1889)
Charles Allen Culberson 1895–1899 U.S. Senator (1899–1923)
Joseph D. Sayers 1899–1903 U.S. Representative (1885–1893, 1893–1899)
S. W. T. Lanham 1903–1907 U.S. Representative (1883–1893, 1897–1903)
W. Lee O'Daniel 1939–1941 U.S. Senator (1941–1949)
Price Daniel 1957–1963 U.S. Senator (1953–1957)
John Connally 1963–1969 U.S. Secretary of the Navy (1961), U.S. Secretary of the Treasury (1971–1972)
Bill Clements 1979–1983
1987–1991 U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense (1973–1977)
George W. Bush 1995–2000 43rd President of the United States (2001–2009)
Rick Perry 2000–2015 United States Secretary of Energy
Living former governors of Texas[edit]
Currently, there are two living former governors of Texas. The most recent death of a former governor was that of Mark White (1983–1987), who died on August 5, 2017. The most recently serving governor of Texas who has died is Ann Richards (1991–1995, born 1933), who died on September 13, 2006. Pictured in order of service:
George W. Bush
(1995–2000)
(1946-07-06) July 6, 1946 (age 71)
Rick Perry
(2000–2015)
(1950-03-04) March 4, 1950 (age 68)
Gubernatorial trivia[edit]
Along with the Seal of Office, the governor of Texas also has a flag. It is not in common use.
Background[edit]
Texas has had two female governors: Miriam A. "Ma" Ferguson and Ann Richards. Ferguson was one of the first two women elected governor of a U.S. state (on November 4, 1924), along with Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming. Ross was inaugurated on January 5, 1925, while Ferguson was inaugurated on January 20, so Ross is considered the first female state governor. Ferguson was the wife of former governor Jim "Pa" Ferguson, while Richards was elected "in her own right," being neither the spouse nor widow of a governor.
Texas governors have been born in fourteen states: Alabama, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.
Baylor University is the most common alma mater of Texas governors, with five of them - Lawrence Sullivan Ross, Pat Morris Neff, Price Daniel, Mark White, and Ann Richards - considered alumni (though Ross attended but never completed a degree). To date, Coke Stevenson is the most recent governor who never attended college, and Bill Clements is the most recent who attended college but did not graduate.
Elections[edit]
Three governors have served non-consecutive terms: Elisha M. Pease, Miriam A. Ferguson, and Bill Clements. As was the case in most Southern states, Texas did not elect any Republican governor from the end of Reconstruction until the late twentieth century. Bill Clements was the state's first Republican governor since Edmund J. Davis left office in 1874, 105 years earlier. Dolph Briscoe was the last governor to be elected to a two-year term, in 1972; he was also the first to be elected to a four-year term, in 1974, since the post-Reconstruction period when two-year terms had first been established. Rick Perry, who ascended to the governorship on December 21, 2000 upon the resignation of then-Governor George W. Bush, won full four-year terms in 2002, 2006 and 2010.
Texas governors in popular culture[edit]
W. Lee "Pappy" O'Daniel served as the inspiration for the fictional, but similarly named, Mississippi Governor Menelaus "Pappy" O'Daniel, in the film O Brother, Where Art Thou?
Ann Richards had a cameo appearance on an episode of the animated comedy series King of the Hill, in which she has a brief romance with Bill Dauterive after he takes the fall for mooning her in the elevator of an Austin hotel (Hank actually mooned her because he thought his friends were going to be mooning the people in the elevator but they set him up).
See also[edit]
Texas portal
List of Texas Governors and Presidents
List of Presidents of the Republic of Texas
List of Lieutenant Governors of Texas
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "CSG Releases 2013 Governor Salaries". The Council of State Governments. June 25, 2013. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ Upon recommendation of the Board of Pardons and Paroles
^ Jump up to: a b Suellentrop, Chip (2000-01-05). "Is George W. Bush a "Weak" Governor?". Slate Magazine - Explainer. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
^ Jump up to: a b Ivins, Molly; Lou Dubose (2000). Shrub: The Short But Happy Political Life of George W. Bush. New York: Vintage Books. pp. xii–xiii. ISBN 0-375-75714-7.
Jump up ^ 1845 Const. Art V sec 4
Jump up ^ 1861 Const. art V sec 12
Jump up ^ 1866 Const. art V sec 4
Jump up ^ 1869 Const. Art IV sec 4
Jump up ^ Executive Branch Archived 2011-06-29 at the Wayback Machine. retrieved 23-October-2008
Jump up ^ TX Const. Art IV sec 4
Jump up ^ Texas Politics - The Executive Branch Archived 2009-02-11 at the Wayback Machine.. Texaspolitics.laits.utexas.edu. Retrieved on 2013-07-15.
Jump up ^ TX Const. art IV sec 16 graf d
Jump up ^ Under the 1861 constitution, law provided that the lieutenant governor would be "styled Governor of the State of Texas" in case of vacancy.
Jump up ^ 1861 Const art V sec 12
Jump up ^ Resigned to take an elected seat in the U.S. House of Representatives.
^ Jump up to: a b c As lieutenant governor, filled an unexpired term
Jump up ^ Evicted from office due to his refusal to swear an oath to the Confederate States of America.
Jump up ^ Fled Austin as it fell to Union forces.
Jump up ^ NGA says he was Lt. Gov who served as Gov after Murrah fled Texas.
Jump up ^ Provisional military governor.
^ Jump up to: a b James Throckmorton was removed from office by General Philip Sheridan, and Elisha Pease installed in his place.
Jump up ^ Resigned due to disagreements with General Joseph Reynolds.
Jump up ^ Elected in a special election held under military direction.
Jump up ^ Resigned to take an elected seat in the U.S. Senate.
^ Jump up to: a b c As lieutenant governor, filled unexpired term, and was subsequently elected in their own right.
Jump up ^ Resigned due to the legislature bringing impeachment proceedings against him.
Jump up ^ Resigned after winning the Democratic primary for a U.S. Senate seat; he won the election.
Jump up ^ Died in office.
Jump up ^ Resigned to be U.S. President.
Jump up ^ Governor Abbott's first term expires on January 15, 2019; he is not term limited.
References[edit]
General
Legislative Reference Library of Texas -- Governors of Texas
Governor (of Texas) from the Handbook of Texas Online
The Handbook of Texas Online: Texas History Quiz -- Presidents and Governors of Texas
Explanation of the strengths of governors
Constitutions
1876 Constitution, as amended (Current)
1876 Constitution
1869 Constitution
1866 Constitution
1861 Constitution
1845 Constitution
[show]
v
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e
Current statewide political officials of Texas
U.S. Senators
John Cornyn
Ted Cruz
State government
Greg Abbott, Governor
Dan Patrick, Lieutenant Governor & President of the Senate
Rolando Pablos, Secretary of State (appointed)
Ken Paxton, Attorney General
Glenn Hegar, Comptroller (Treasurer equivalent)
George P. Bush, Land Commissioner
Sid Miller, Agriculture Commissioner
Christi Craddick, Ryan Sitton, Wayne Christian, Railroad Commissioners
Senate
Juan Hinojosa, President pro tempore
In the Texas Senate, there are no majority or minority leaders.
House
Joe Straus, Speaker
Dennis Bonnen, Speaker pro tempore
In the Texas House, there are no majority or minority leaders.
Supreme Court (civil)
Nathan Hecht, Chief Justice
Debra Lehrmann
John P. Devine
Paul W. Green
Jeff Brown
Jeffrey S. Boyd
Phil Johnson
Eva Guzman
Jimmy Blacklock, Associate Justices
Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
Sharon Keller, Presiding Judge
Mary Lou Keel
Bert Richardson
Kevin Patrick Yeary
Scott Walker
Michael Keasler
Barbara Hervey
Elsa Alcala
David Newell
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[show]
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Governors and Lieutenant Governors of Texas
Governors
J. P. Henderson
Wood
Bell
J. W. Henderson
Pease
Runnels
Houston
Clark
Lubbock
Murrah
Hamilton
Throckmorton
Pease
Davis
Coke
Hubbard
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Hogg
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Hobby
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Sterling
M. Ferguson
Allred
O'Daniel
Stevenson
Jester
Shivers
Daniel
Connally
Smith
Briscoe
Clements
White
Clements
Richards
Bush
Perry
Abbott
Lieutenant
Governors
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Greer
Henderson
Dickson
Runnels
Lubbock
Clark
Crockett
Stockdale
Jones
J. W. Flanagan
Campbell
D. W. Flanagan
Fountain
Pickett
Hubbard
Sayers
Storey
Martin
Gibbs
Wheeler
Pendleton
Crane
Jester
Browning
Neal
A. B. Davidson
Mayes
Hobby Sr.
Johnson
L. Davidson
T. W. Davidson
Miller
Witt
Woodul
Stevenson
J. L. Smith
Shivers
Ramsey
P. Smith
Barnes
Hobby Jr.
Bullock
Perry
Ratliff
Dewhurst
Patrick
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Kerosene lamp
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Swiss flat-wick kerosene lamp. The knob protruding to the right adjusts the wick, and hence the flame size.
A kerosene lamp (usually called a paraffin lamp in some countries) is a type of lighting device that uses kerosene (paraffin) as a fuel. Kerosene lamps have a wick or mantle as light source, protected by a glass chimney or globe; lamps may be used on a table, or hand-held lanterns may be used for portable lighting. Like oil lamps, they are useful for lighting without electricity, such as in regions without rural electrification, in electrified areas during power outages, at campsites, and on boats. There are three types of kerosene lamp: flat-wick, central-draught (tubular round wick), and mantle lamp. Kerosene lanterns meant for portable use have a flat wick and are made in dead-flame, hot-blast, and cold-blast variants.
Pressurized kerosene lamps have a gas generator and gas mantle; these are known as Petromax, Tilley lamps, or Coleman lamps, among other manufacturers. They produce more light per unit of fuel than wick-type lamps, but are more complex and expensive in construction and more complex to operate. A hand-pump pressurizes air, which forces liquid fuel from a reservoir into a gas generator. Vapor from the gas generator burns, heating a mantle to incandescence and also providing heat to the gas generator.
The first description of a simple lamp using crude mineral oil was provided by Persian alchemist al-Razi (Rhazes) in 9th century Baghdad, who referred to it as the "naffatah" in his Kitab al-Asrar (Book of Secrets).[1] In 1846 Abraham Pineo Gesner invented a substitute for whale oil for lighting, distilled from coal. Later made from petroleum, kerosene became a popular lighting fuel. Modern versions of the kerosene lamp were later constructed by the Polish inventor Ignacy Łukasiewicz in 1853 in Lviv.
Kerosene lamps are widely used for lighting in rural areas of Africa and Asia, where electricity is not distributed or is too costly. Kerosene lamps consume an estimated 77 billion litres of fuel per year, equivalent to 1.3 million barrels of oil per day,[2] comparable to annual U.S. jet-fuel consumption of 76 billion litres per year.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Types
1.1 Flat-wick lamp
1.2 Central-draft (tubular round wick) lamp
1.3 Mantle lamp
1.4 Kerosene lantern
2 Fuels
3 Performance
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Types[edit]
Flat-wick lamp[edit]
NZR lamp on the Weka Pass Railway
A flat-wick lamp is a simple type of kerosene lamp, which burns kerosene drawn up through a wick by capillary action. If this type of lamp is broken, it can easily start a fire. A flat-wick lamp has a fuel tank (fount), with the lamp burner attached. Attached to the fuel tank, four prongs hold the glass chimney, which acts to prevent the flame from being blown out and enhances a thermally induced draft. The glass chimney needs a "throat", or slight constriction, to create the proper draft for complete combustion of the fuel; the draft carries more air (oxygen) past the flame, helping to produce a smokeless light, which is brighter than an open flame would produce.
The lamp burner has a flat wick, usually made of cotton. The lower part of the wick dips into the fount and absorbs the kerosene; the top part of the wick extends out of the wick tube of the lamp burner, which includes a wick-adjustment mechanism. Adjusting how much of the wick extends above the wick tube controls the flame. The wick tube surrounds the wick and ensures that the correct amount of air reaches the lamp burner. Adjustment is usually done by means of a small knob operating a cric, which is a toothed metal sprocket bearing against the wick. If the wick is too high, and extends beyond the burner cone at the top of the wick tube, the lamp will produce smoke and soot (unburned carbon). When the lamp is lit, the kerosene that the wick has absorbed burns and produces a clear, bright, yellow flame. As the kerosene burns, capillary action in the wick draws more kerosene up from the fuel tank. All kerosene flat-wick lamps use the dead-flame burner design, where the flame is fed cold air from below, and hot air exits above.
This type of lamp was very widely used by railways, both on the front and rear of trains and for hand signals, due to its reliability. At a time when there were few competing light sources at night outside major towns, the limited brightness of these lamps was adequate and could be seen at sufficient distance to serve as a warning or signal.
Central-draft (tubular round wick) lamp[edit]
Main article: Argand lamp
"Central-draught" tubular-wick kerosene lamp
A central-draught lamp, or Argand lamp, works in the same manner as the flat-wick lamp. The burner is equipped with a tall glass chimney, of around 12 inches (300 mm) tall or taller, to provide the powerful draft this lamp requires to burn properly. The burner uses a wick, usually made of cotton, that is made of a wide, flat wick rolled into a tube, the seam of which is then stitched together to form the complete wick. The tubular wick is then mounted into a "carrier", which is some form of a toothed rack that engages into the gears of the wick-raising mechanism of the burner and allows the wick to be raised and lowered. The wick rides in between the inner and outer wick tubes; the inner wick tube (central draft tube) provides the "central draft" or draft that supplies air to the flame spreader. When the lamp is lit, the central draft tube supplies air to the flame spreader that spreads out the flame into a ring of fire and allows the lamp to burn cleanly.
Mantle lamp[edit]
Main article: Gas mantle
A 85 mm Chance Brothers Incandescent Petroleum Vapour Installation, which produced the light for the Sumburgh Head lighthouse until 1976. The lamp (made around 1914) burned vaporized kerosene (paraffin); the vaporizer was heated by a denatured alcohol (methylated spirit) burner to light. When lit, some of the vaporised fuel was diverted to a Bunsen burner to keep the vaporizer warm and the fuel in vapor form. The fuel was forced up to the lamp by air; the keepers had to pump the air container up every hour or so. This in turn pressurized the paraffin container to force the fuel to the lamp. The "white sock" is in fact an unburnt mantle, on which the vapor burned.
A variation on the "central-draught" lamp is the mantle lamp. The mantle is a roughly pear-shaped mesh made of fabric placed over the burner. The mantle typically contains thorium or other rare-earth salts; on first use the cloth burns away, and the rare-earth salts are converted to oxides, leaving a very fragile structure, which incandesces (glows brightly) upon exposure to the heat of the burner flame. Mantle lamps are considerably brighter than flat- or round-wick lamps, produce a whiter light and generate more heat. Mantle lamps typically use fuel faster than a flat-wick lamp, but slower than a center-draught round-wick, as they depend on a small flame heating a mantle, rather than having all the light coming from the flame itself.
Mantle lamps are nearly always bright enough to benefit from a lampshade, and a few mantle lamps may be enough to heat a small building in cold weather. Mantle lamps, because of the higher temperature at which they operate, do not produce much odor, except when first lit or extinguished. Like flat- and round-wick lamps, they can be adjusted for brightness; however, caution must be used, because if set too high, the lamp chimney and the mantle can become covered with black areas of soot. A lamp set too high will burn off its soot harmlessly if quickly turned down, but if not caught soon enough, the soot itself can ignite, and a "runaway lamp" condition can result.
One popular model of mantle lamp uses only a wick and is unpressurized.
Pressurized mantle lamps contain a gas generator and require preheating the generator before lighting. An air pump is used to deliver fuel under pressure to the gas generator.
Large fixed pressurized kerosene mantle lamps were used in lighthouse beacons for navigation of ships, brighter and with lower fuel consumption than oil lamps used before.[4]
Kerosene lantern[edit]
Dead-flame
Hot-blast
Cold-blast
A kerosene lantern, also known as a "barn lantern" or "hurricane lantern", is a flat-wick lamp made for portable and outdoor use. They are made of soldered or crimped-together sheet-metal stampings, with tin-plated sheet steel being the most common material, followed by brass and copper. There are three types: dead-flame, hot-blast, and cold-blast. Both hot-blast and cold-blast designs are called tubular lanterns and are safer than dead-flame lamps, as tipping over a tubular lantern cuts off the oxygen flow to the burner and will extinguish the flame within seconds.[5]
The earliest portable kerosene "glass globe" lanterns, of the 1850s and 1860s, were of the dead-flame type, meaning that it had an open wick, but the airflow to the flame was strictly controlled in an upward motion by a combination of vents at the bottom of the burner and an open topped chimney. This had the effect of removing side-to-side drafts and thus significantly reducing or even eliminating the flickering that can occur with an exposed flame.
Later lanterns, such as the hot-blast and cold-blast lanterns, took this airflow control even further by partially enclosing the wick in a "deflector" or "burner cone" and channeling the airflow through that restricted area, creating a brighter and even more stable flame.
The hot-blast design, also known as a "tubular lantern" due to the metal tubes used in its construction, was invented by John Irwin and patented on January 12, 1868. The hot-blast design collected hot air from above the globe and fed it through metal side tubes to the burner, to make the flame burn brighter.
The cold-blast design is similar to the hot-blast, except that cold fresh air is drawn in from around the top of the globe and is then fed though the metal side tubes to the flame, making it burn brighter. This design produces a brighter light than the hot-blast design, because the fresh air that is fed to the flame has plenty of oxygen to support the combustion process.
Fuels[edit]
Generic lamp oil is available clear or in a choice of several colors and in scented and unscented forms. Although more expensive, lamp oil is highly refined and burns more cleanly and with less odor than kerosene. "Lamp oil" must not be liquid paraffin. "Water-clear" K-1 kerosene is the next grade of preferred fuel for kerosene wick lamps. In some locations "red kerosene" is sold, which is dyed red and is slightly less expensive than K-1 kerosene, as no motor-fuel taxes are collected on it. Red kerosene is not recommended because the dye will gradually clog the lantern wick, causing odor and reduced performance. "Klean-Heat" brand is another highly refined, cleaner-burning, nicer-smelling[citation needed] kerosene substitute sold at many hardware stores during winter. Citronella-scented lamp oil containing lemongrass oil is sold for its insect repellent properties. Citronella fuels should only be used outdoors. Liquid paraffin-based "lamp oil" should only be used in round-wick lamps with a wick diameter of less than 5⁄8 inch (16 mm). Used in larger wicks, this fuel causes the wicks to clog.[citation needed]
Flat-wick kerosene lamps should only be operated with kerosene, lamp oil or Klean-Heat, but alternative fuels can be used in an emergency. Such fuels may produce additional smoke and odor and may not be usable indoors. Tractor vaporizing oil is made from kerosene with some additive to make a motor fuel for tractors. No. 1 diesel fuel (also called winter diesel) is about the same as kerosene but with the additives to make it a motor fuel. Jet A jet-engine fuel is essentially kerosene with a few additives. RP-1 (Rocket Propellant-1) is a highly refined form of kerosene outwardly similar to jet fuel, used as rocket fuel.
Round-wick center-draft lamps must only burn either Klean-Heat or low-odor mineral spirits.
Any liquid with a low flash point presents a high risk of fire or explosion if used in a kerosene wick lamp. Such liquids are dangerous and should not be used in a kerosene lamp or lantern. Examples include:
charcoal lighter fluid,
gasoline (petrol),
naphtha, white gas or Coleman fuel,
mineral spirits, paint thinner, white spirit (Stoddard solvent),
other hydrocarbon solvents such as turpentine, benzene, xylene, toluene, acetone, camphene, lacquer thinner,
denatured alcohol.
Contamination of lamp fuel with even a small amount of gasoline results in a lower flash point and higher vapor pressure for the fuel, with potentially dangerous consequences. Vapors from spilled fuel may ignite; vapor trapped above liquid fuel may lead to excess pressure and fires. Kerosene lamps are still extensively used in areas without electrical lighting; the cost and dangers of combustion lighting are a continuing concern in many countries.[6]
Performance[edit]
Flat-wick lamps have the lowest light output, center-draft round-wick lamps have 3–4 times the output of flat-wick lamps, and pressurized lamps have higher output yet; the range is from 8 to 100 lumens. A kerosene lamp producing 37 lumens for 4 hours per day consumes about 3 litres of kerosene per month.[7]
Oil lamp output in candlepower (CP), lumens and incandescent electric watts equivalent
Flat-wick width
Candlepower
Lumens
Watts
3/8" 4 50 3.3
1/2" 7 88 5.9
5/8" 9 113 7.5
3/4" 10 125 8.3
7/8"–1" 12 151 10.1
1-1/2" 20 251 16.7
2× 1", 1-1/16", 1-1/8" 30 377 25
2× 1-1/2" 50 628.5 42
1-1/4" round "Dressel Belgian" 67 842 56
1-1/2" round "Rayo" 80 1000 66.6
2-1/2" round "Firelight" or "store" lamp 300 3771 251
12.57 lumens = 1 CP
Lumen-to-watt calculator: http://www.rapidtables.com/calc/light/lumen-to-watt-calculator.htm[8]
See also[edit]
Candles
List of light sources
Robert Edwin Newbery
Safe bottle lamp
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Zayn Bilkadi (University of California, Berkeley), "The Oil Weapons", Saudi Aramco World, January–February 1995, pp. 20–27.
Jump up ^ Jean-Claude Bolay, Alexandre Schmid, Gabriela Tejada Technologies and Innovations for Development: Scientific Cooperation for a Sustainable Future, Springer, 2012 ISBN 2-8178-0267-5 page 308.
Jump up ^ ^ Energy Information Administration. "U.S. Prime Supplier Sales Volumes of Petroleum Products".
Jump up ^ Dennis L. Noble Lighthouses & Keepers: The U.S. Lighthouse Service and Its Legacy, Naval Institute Press, 2004 ISBN 1-59114-626-7, page 34.
Jump up ^ "Tubular Oil Lanterns — Frequently Asked Questions". W. T. Kirkman Lanterns, Inc. Archived from the original on 2013-10-29.
Jump up ^ http://www2.galcit.caltech.edu/EDL/publications/reprints/KeroseneLampCookstove.pdf Joseph E. Shepherd, Frank A. Perez, Kerosene Lamps and Cookstoves — the Hazards of Gasoline Contamination 2007 retrieved 2012 Feb 12.
Jump up ^ Narasimha Desirazu Rao Distributional Impacts of Energy Policies in India: Implications for Equity Stanford University, 2011 page 36.
Jump up ^ "Lumens to watts (W) conversion calculator". www.rapidtables.com. Retrieved 2017-08-27.
External links[edit]
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Blue Mountain State
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Blue Mountain State
Genre
Comedy
Created by
Eric Falconer
Chris Romano
Starring
Darin Brooks
Alan Ritchson
Page Kennedy
Sam Jones III
Chris Romano
Ed Marinaro
Frankie Shaw
Denise Richards
Rob Ramsay
Omari Newton
Kwasi Songui
James Cade
Meghan Heffern
Opening theme
"Hell Yeah" by Rev Theory
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
3
No. of episodes
39 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Eric Falconer
Chris Romano
Location(s)
Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Running time
20–21 mins
Production company(s)
Falconer/Romanski Logo
Varsity Pictures
Lionsgate Television
SGF Entertainment Inc.
Release
Original network
Paramount Network
Picture format
1080i HDTV
Original release
January 11, 2010 (2010-01-11) – November 30, 2011 (2011-11-30)
Chronology
Followed by
Blue Mountain State: The Rise of Thadland
Blue Mountain State is an American comedy series that premiered on Paramount Network on January 11, 2010. The series was created by Chris Romano and Eric Falconer, and produced by Lionsgate Television. The series is about a fictional university, Blue Mountain State, and its football team, the "Mountain Goats". It portrays certain aspects of American university life, including American football, sex, binge drinking, drugs, wild partying, and hazing. Over the years, due in large part to being streamable on Netflix, the series has developed a cult following.
In February 2012, it was reported that Blue Mountain State would not be renewed for a fourth season.[1] On April 8, 2014, The BMS Movie was announced and a Kickstarter launched on April 15, 2014. The Kickstarter campaign reached its goal of $1.5 million on May 11, 2014, and the film was released in February 2016.
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast
1.1 Main
1.2 Recurring
1.3 Special cameo appearance
2 Seasons
3 Reception
4 Filming locations
5 Broadcast
6 Feature film
7 References
8 External links
Cast[edit]
Name
Portrayed by
Position
Seasons
1
2
3
Main Cast
Alex Moran Darin Brooks Quarterback Second String Starter; Acting Capt. (1–3)
Kevin "Thad" Devlin Castle Alan Ritchson Linebacker Starter; Capt. Starter; Capt. (4–13)
Craig Shilo Sam Jones III Running Back Starter
Radon Randell Page Kennedy Quarterback Starter
Sampson "Sammy" Cacciatore Chris Romano Team Mascot Billy, The Mountain Goat
Mary Jo Cacciatore Frankie Shaw Cheerleader Cheerleader
Denise Roy Gabrielle Dennis Craig Shilo's girlfriend Student
Debra Simon Denise Richards Daniels' Ex-wife Team supporter
Martin "Marty" Daniels Ed Marinaro Head Coach Head Coach
Recurring Cast
Larry Summers Omari Newton Defensive Back Starter
Jonathan "Jon Jon" Hendricks Kwasi Songui Assistant Coach Assistant Coach
Donald "Donnie" Schrab Rob Ramsay Center Starter
Harmon Tedesco James Cade Placekicker Starting Kicker
Travis McKenna Stephen Amell Quarterback Starter
Kate Meghan Heffern Cheerleader Cheerleader
Marcus Gilday Anthony Lemke Offensive Coordinator Offensive Coordinator
Main[edit]
Alex Moran (Brooks): A Junior starting quarterback, acting Captain, from Cheyenne, Wyoming.
Sammy Cacciatore (Romano): The team mascot (Billy, The Mountain Goat Mascot) from Cheyenne, Wyoming and Alex's roommate, childhood friend and Mary Jo's half brother.
Kevin "Thad" Castle (Ritchson): A Senior linebacker/team captain from Connecticut.
Martin "Marty" Daniels (Mariano): Marty is the coach for Blue Mountain State, and former NFL player.
Radon Randell (Kennedy) (Starring Season 2) : Radon was the new freshman starting quarterback from Detroit.
Craig Shilo (Jones) (Starring Season 1) : A running back from Columbus, Ohio. National High School Player of the Year, Craig Shilo was the team's star freshman player.
Denise Roy (Dennis) (Starring Season 1) : Denise is Craig Shilo's high school girlfriend.
Mary Jo Cacciatore (Shaw) (Starring Season 2, Recurring Season 3) : Mary Jo is Sammy's younger sister.
Debra Simon (Richards) (Recurring Season 2; Starring Season 3): Debra is Marty's ex-wife and current girlfriend.
Recurring[edit]
Harmon Tedesco (Cade): Harmon Tedesco is the drug-abusing kicker for the football team. Harmon exploits in anything to get him high, from smoking weed to sticking ice rods up his rectum. Harmon lives at the Goat House with Thad, Alex, and Sammy.
Donald "Donnie" Schrab (Ramsay): Donnie Schrab is the center for the Blue Mountain State football team. He is somewhat childish and very easygoing. Donnie lives in the Goat House. It was revealed in Blue Mountain State: The Rise of Thadland that Donnie is gay.
Larry Summers (Newton): Larry lives in the Goat House, is Thad's best friend, and is often seen following him around. He has shown to do anything to help his team, even diving his finger up Thad's butt on Coach Daniels's orders.
Jon Jon Hendrix (Sangui): Coach Jon Jon is Coach Daniels's best friend and second-in-command. He is extremely loyal to his boss
Pauline (Chantal Quesnelle) (Seasons 1-2): Pauline is the resident cougar at the Blue Mountain State Goat house. She loves it when people pee on her, which is what made her become attracted to Sammy since he peed on her while she was drunk. She's had sex with all the football players and Sammy. In Season 2, she becomes pregnant and leaves a message at the Goat House. She ultimately decides to raise the baby on her own, until it is announced that Coach Daniels is the father.
Kate (Heffern): Kate is Captain of the cheerleading squad. She has shown great disdains towards both Sammy and Mary Jo. In Season 2, it is revealed that she is Thad's personal cheerleader after she sprains her ankle, and makes Mary Jo fill in for her.
Warren Simon (Ted Atherton) (Season 2): Warren is the dean of Blue Mountain State. He was a nerd in his youth and resents Coach Daniels. He tried to humiliate Alex by holding a banquet in his honor and giving a speech on a paper he knows Alex didn't write, and he convinces the nerds to turn on the jocks. His plans were ruined by a prank led by Sammy. Warren was dating Debra, Daniels' ex-wife, but she and Daniels eventually got back together.
Special cameo appearance[edit]
Bill Romanowski as Himself
Bill Parcells as Himself
Brian Bosworth as Himself
Boomer Esiason as Himself
Craig Carton as Himself
Chuck Liddell as Himself
Chad Ochocinco as Himself
Clay Travis as Himself
Dan Patrick as Himself
Stacy Keibler as Herself
Seasons[edit]
Main article: List of Blue Mountain State episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
DVD release date
Sneak preview
Season premiere
Season finale
Region 1
Region 2
1 13 N/A January 11, 2010 March 30, 2010 October 5, 2010 August 22, 2011
2 13 October 16, 2010 October 20, 2010 January 19, 2011 September 13, 2011 N/A
3 13 September 17, 2011 September 21, 2011 November 30, 2011 February 4, 2013 N/A
Reception[edit]
Metacritic gave the series 38 out of 100, from the four reviews it collected.[2] Brian Lowry of Variety found that "Blue Mountain embraces that (crude comedy) aspect of Spike's mandate over all else – putting the bodily function/semi-nudity cart before the sitcom horse."[3] Lowry also stated: "[Spike] has simply made this too-blue "Mountain" into a comedic molehill."[3] Mark A. Perigard of the Boston Herald gave the series a favorable review saying, "Blue is also frequently funny in a raunchy American Pie way. It's a college comedy in which the guys want to get wasted and laid, in whatever order." Joe Walljasper of the Columbia Daily Tribune describes the series as appealing to those who viewed the film Porky's and "felt that the jokes were a little too high-brow.".[4]
In its first season, the show averaged 949,000 viewers in its first six episodes while improving on the time slot by 165% among men 18–24.[5] In its second season, its premiere drew a 1.34 rating in Men 18–34, up 34% compared to the first season average and was ranked No. 2 in its timeslot. Over the season it showed significant ratings growth compared to season 1, delivering a +33% increase in Men 18–34, +50% in Men 18–24, and +14% in Men 18–49.[6] Season 3 of Blue Mountain State started airing on September 21, 2011 on Spike.[7]
The show has gathered a small cult following after it was released on Netflix.[8][9] Fans of the show often start petitions and Facebook pages to make Spike bring the show back for a fourth season. Many members of the cast, especially Page Kennedy, hinted at a reunion project in the month leading up the announcement of the film. Kennedy made Vines and tweeted with show stars Darin Brooks, Alan Ritchson, Frankie Shaw, Chris Romano and Sam Jones III.
Filming locations[edit]
The Herzberg building on the John Abbott College campus, which doubles as Blue Mountain State University in the show.
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Olympic Stadium, Montreal, Quebec
John Abbott College, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec (Practice field) (Fraternity House Ext.)
McGill University (Macdonald Campus), Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec (Dorm, Class Room)
Lower Canada College (Chamandy Ice Rink), Montreal, Quebec (Ice Rink)
Cunninghams Pub, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec (Bar)
Mel's studios (Fraternity House Interiors)
Broadcast[edit]
The series premiered on Spike on January 11, 2010 in the United States.[10] In Australia and New Zealand, the series airs on MTV Australia and MTV New Zealand, respectively, beginning April 22, 2010.[citation needed] The series began airing in the United Kingdom April 18, 2010 on MTV.[citation needed] MTV Germany and Viva (TV station) also broadcast the series with great success in Germany and The Netherlands. MTV Brasil began airing the series August 3, 2010.[11] The show also began airing on The Score in Canada in October 2011.
Season 3 began airing September 21, 2011 on Spike at 11 pm.[12]
Feature film[edit]
Main article: Blue Mountain State: The Rise of Thadland
In March 2013, Ed Marinaro stated in an interview with Class Act Sports that he was working on a Blue Mountain State film. He continued to hint on Twitter at some 'behind-the-scenes' work being done on said movie.[13] In early March 2014, Page Kennedy started hinting at Blue Mountain State reunion project on Instagram, Vine and Twitter along with Darin Brooks, Kelly Kruger, Alan Ritchson, Sam Jones III, Frankie Shaw and Romanski.
On April 8, 2014, Blue Mountain State: The Movie was officially announced. To help make the announcement, Alan Ritchson, in character as Thad Castle, made a fake video featuring Jimmy Kimmel (the Kimmel footage was from a 2013 interview with Kanye West).
On April 15, the production launched a Kickstarter campaign, much like the hugely successful 2013 campaign by Veronica Mars to get the cancelled show made into a feature film. The project's goal was to raise $1.5 million by May 15 in order to fund the film. There were rewards for donating to campaign, such as personalized tweets from the cast (for donating $10), shot and pint glasses with the BMS logo ($20), and a speaking role in the film (for a $10,000 donation).
On May 11, 2014, the Kickstarter goal of $1.5 million was reached. On May 15, 2014 the Kickstarter campaign ended, with the final funds raised being $1,911,827 from 23,999 backers.[14]
In May 2014, it was announced Jay Chandrasekhar would be the director of the film.[15] However, on September 28, 2014, Lev L. Spiro was announced as the new director of BMS: The Movie.[16] The crew started filming in late 2014 on location in Wilmington, North Carolina.[17][18] Filming was reportedly complete by December 14, 2014.
The film, titled Blue Mountain State: The Rise of Thadland, was officially released on February 2, 2016.[19]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Vlessing, Etan (February 21, 2012). "Lionsgate's 'Blue Mountain State' Cancelled By. Spike". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Blue Mountain State". Metacritic. Retrieved February 10, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Lowry, Brian (January 11, 2010). "Blue Mountain State". Variety. Retrieved February 10, 2010.
Jump up ^ Walljasper, Joe. "TAKE TWO: An alternative look at the day in sports". Columbia, Missouri: Columbia Daily Tribune. Retrieved February 10, 2010.
Jump up ^ Umstead, Thomas (February 26, 2010). "Spike's `Blue Mountain State' Scores Second Season Pickup – high school Football-Themed Series Averaging Nearly 8 Million Viewers". Multichannel News. Retrieved March 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ "'Blue Mountain State' Renewed By Spike For A Third Season". TV by the Numbers. zap2it.com. April 27, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Season Three of "Blue Mountain State" Kicks-Off on Spike Wednesday, September 21". TV by the Numbers. zap2it.com. August 31, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Guys, 'Blue Mountain State' Is Launching A KickStarter Campaign To Fund A Movie". The Huffington Post. April 9, 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Afternoon Delight: 'Blue Mountain State'". Decider - Where To Stream Movies & Shows on Netflix, Hulu, Amazon Instant, HBO Go. September 4, 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Spike TV Takes to the Field With New Original Scripted Comedy Series Blue Mountain State". TV by the Numbers. zap2it.com. December 9, 2009.
Jump up ^ "MTV Brasil estreia a série Blue Mountain State". Portal MTV. March 10, 2011. Archived from the original on October 1, 2011. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
Jump up ^ FlaxDana (June 21, 2011). "Blue Mountain State Season Two Coming To DVD". SpikeTV. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011.
Jump up ^ Satriano, David (October 19, 2012). "Ed Marinaro tells Class Act Sports exclusively that he is working on a 'Blue Mountain State' Movie". Class Act Sports. Archived from the original on April 9, 2013. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Blue Mountain State: The Movie". Kickstarter. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Jay Chandrasekhar is directing BMS The Movie!. May 12, 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2016 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ Jay Chandrasekhar is directing BMS The Movie!. May 12, 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2016 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "Wilmington Film > Home". Retrieved February 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ WECT Staff (October 28, 2014). "New movie to begin filming in Wilmington". Retrieved February 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Mancuso, Vinnie (February 1, 2016). "Alan Ritchson Talks 'Rise of Thadland,' Netflix, and Eating Goat Testicles". Observer. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
External links[edit]
Blue Mountain State at TV.com
Blue Mountain State on IMDb
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