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2017–18 UEFA Champions League knockout phase
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The 2017–18 UEFA Champions League knockout phase began on 13 February and will end on 26 May 2018 with the final at the NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium in Kiev, Ukraine, to decide the champions of the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League.[1] A total of 16 teams compete in the knockout phase.[2]
Times up to 24 March 2018 (round of 16) are CET (UTC+1), thereafter (quarter-finals and beyond) times are CEST (UTC+2).
Contents
[hide]
1 Round and draw dates
2 Format
3 Qualified teams
4 Bracket
5 Round of 16
5.1 Summary
5.2 Matches
6 Quarter-finals
6.1 Summary
6.2 Matches
7 Semi-finals
7.1 Summary
7.2 Matches
8 Final
9 Notes
10 References
11 External links
Round and draw dates[edit]
The schedule of the knockout phase is as follows (all draws are held at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland).[1]
Round
Draw
First leg
Second leg
Round of 16 11 December 2017 13–14 & 20–21 February 2018 6–7 & 13–14 March 2018
Quarter-finals 16 March 2018 3–4 April 2018 10–11 April 2018
Semi-finals 13 April 2018 24–25 April 2018 1–2 May 2018
Final 26 May 2018 at NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium, Kiev
Format[edit]
The knockout phase involves the 16 teams which qualify as winners and runners-up of each of the eight groups in the group stage.
Each tie in the knockout phase, apart from the final, is played over two legs, with each team playing one leg at home. The team that scores more goals on aggregate over the two legs advance to the next round. If the aggregate score is level, the away goals rule is applied, i.e. the team that scored more goals away from home over the two legs advances. If away goals are also equal, then thirty minutes of extra time is played. The away goals rule is again applied after extra time, i.e. if there are goals scored during extra time and the aggregate score is still level, the visiting team advances by virtue of more away goals scored. If no goals are scored during extra time, the tie is decided by penalty shoot-out. In the final, which is played as a single match, if scores are level at the end of normal time, extra time is played, followed by penalty shoot-out if scores remain tied.[2]
The mechanism of the draws for each round is as follows:
In the draw for the round of 16, the eight group winners are seeded, and the eight group runners-up are unseeded. The seeded teams are drawn against the unseeded teams, with the seeded teams hosting the second leg. Teams from the same group or the same association cannot be drawn against each other.
In the draws for the quarter-finals onwards, there are no seedings, and teams from the same group or the same association can be drawn against each other.
Qualified teams[edit]
Group
Winners
(seeded in round of 16 draw)
Runners-up
(unseeded in round of 16 draw)
A
Manchester United Basel
B
Paris Saint-Germain Bayern Munich
C
Roma Chelsea
D
Barcelona Juventus
E
Liverpool Sevilla
F
Manchester City Shakhtar Donetsk
G
Beşiktaş Porto
H
Tottenham Hotspur Real Madrid
Bracket[edit]
Round of 16 Quarter-finals Semi-finals Final
Sevilla 0 2
2
Manchester United 0 1
1
Sevilla 1 0
1
Bayern Munich 2 0
2
Bayern Munich 5 3
8
Beşiktaş 0 1
1
Bayern Munich 1
Real Madrid 2
Juventus 2 2
4
Tottenham Hotspur 2 1
3
Juventus 0 3
3
Real Madrid 3 1
4
Real Madrid 3 2
5
Paris Saint-Germain 1 1
2
Winners of semi-final 1
Winners of semi-final 2
Porto 0 0
0
Liverpool 5 0
5
Liverpool 3 2
5
Manchester City 0 1
1
Basel 0 2
2
Manchester City 4 1
5
Liverpool 5
Roma 2
Chelsea 1 0
1
Barcelona 1 3
4
Barcelona 4 0
4
Roma (a) 1 3
4
Shakhtar Donetsk 2 0
2
Roma (a) 1 1
2
Round of 16[edit]
The draw for the round of 16 was held on 11 December 2017, 12:00 CET.[3]
With five English teams in the round of 16, this was the first time five teams from one association qualified for the Champions League knockout phase.[4]
Summary[edit]
The first legs were played on 13, 14, 20 and 21 February, and the second legs were played on 6, 7, 13 and 14 March 2018.
Team 1
Agg.
Team 2
1st leg
2nd leg
Juventus 4–3 Tottenham Hotspur 2–2 2–1
Basel 2–5 Manchester City 0–4 2–1
Porto 0–5 Liverpool 0–5 0–0
Sevilla 2–1 Manchester United 0–0 2–1
Real Madrid 5–2 Paris Saint-Germain 3–1 2–1
Shakhtar Donetsk 2–2 (a) Roma 2–1 0–1
Chelsea 1–4 Barcelona 1–1 0–3
Bayern Munich 8–1 Beşiktaş 5–0 3–1
Matches[edit]
13 February 2018 (2018-02-13)20:45
Juventus
2–2
Tottenham Hotspur
Higuaín 2', 9' (pen.)
Report
Kane 35'
Eriksen 71'
Juventus Stadium, Turin
Attendance: 41,232[5]
Referee: Felix Brych (Germany)
7 March 2018 (2018-03-07)20:45
Tottenham Hotspur
1–2
Juventus
Son Heung-min 39'
Report
Higuaín 64'
Dybala 67'
Wembley Stadium, London
Attendance: 84,010[6]
Referee: Szymon Marciniak (Poland)
Juventus won 4–3 on aggregate.
13 February 2018 (2018-02-13)20:45
Basel
0–4
Manchester City
Report
Gündoğan 14', 53'
B. Silva 18'
Agüero 23'
St. Jakob-Park, Basel
Attendance: 36,000[7]
Referee: Jonas Eriksson (Sweden)
7 March 2018 (2018-03-07)20:45
Manchester City
1–2
Basel
Gabriel Jesus 8'
Report
Elyounoussi 17'
Lang 71'
City of Manchester Stadium, Manchester
Attendance: 49,411[8]
Referee: Pavel Královec (Czech Republic)
Manchester City won 5–2 on aggregate.
14 February 2018 (2018-02-14)20:45
Porto
0–5
Liverpool
Report
Mané 25', 53', 85'
Salah 29'
Firmino 69'
Estádio do Dragão, Porto
Attendance: 47,718[9]
Referee: Daniele Orsato (Italy)
6 March 2018 (2018-03-06)20:45
Liverpool
0–0
Porto
Report
Anfield, Liverpool
Attendance: 48,768[10]
Referee: Felix Zwayer (Germany)
Liverpool won 5–0 on aggregate.
21 February 2018 (2018-02-21)20:45
Sevilla
0–0
Manchester United
Report
Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán, Seville
Attendance: 39,725[11]
Referee: Clément Turpin (France)
13 March 2018 (2018-03-13)20:45
Manchester United
1–2
Sevilla
Lukaku 84'
Report
Ben Yedder 74', 78'
Old Trafford, Manchester
Attendance: 74,909[12]
Referee: Danny Makkelie (Netherlands)
Sevilla won 2–1 on aggregate.
14 February 2018 (2018-02-14)20:45
Real Madrid
3–1
Paris Saint-Germain
Ronaldo 45' (pen.), 83'
Marcelo 86'
Report
Rabiot 33'
Santiago Bernabéu, Madrid
Attendance: 78,158[13]
Referee: Gianluca Rocchi (Italy)
6 March 2018 (2018-03-06)20:45
Paris Saint-Germain
1–2
Real Madrid
Cavani 71'
Report
Ronaldo 51'
Casemiro 80'
Parc des Princes, Paris
Attendance: 46,585[14]
Referee: Felix Brych (Germany)
Real Madrid won 5–2 on aggregate.
21 February 2018 (2018-02-21)20:45
Shakhtar Donetsk
2–1
Roma
Ferreyra 52'
Fred 71'
Report
Ünder 41'
Metalist Stadium, Kharkiv[note 1]
Attendance: 35,124[15]
Referee: Willie Collum (Scotland)
13 March 2018 (2018-03-13)20:45
Roma
1–0
Shakhtar Donetsk
Džeko 52'
Report
Stadio Olimpico, Rome
Attendance: 47,693[16]
Referee: Alberto Undiano Mallenco (Spain)
2–2 on aggregate. Roma won on away goals.
20 February 2018 (2018-02-20)20:45
Chelsea
1–1
Barcelona
Willian 62'
Report
Messi 75'
Stamford Bridge, London
Attendance: 37,741[17]
Referee: Cüneyt Çakır (Turkey)
14 March 2018 (2018-03-14)20:45
Barcelona
3–0
Chelsea
Messi 3', 63'
Dembélé 20'
Report
Camp Nou, Barcelona
Attendance: 97,183[18]
Referee: Damir Skomina (Slovenia)
Barcelona won 4–1 on aggregate.
20 February 2018 (2018-02-20)20:45
Bayern Munich
5–0
Beşiktaş
Müller 43', 66'
Coman 53'
Lewandowski 79', 88'
Report
Allianz Arena, Munich
Attendance: 70,000[19]
Referee: Ovidiu Hațegan (Romania)
14 March 2018 (2018-03-14)18:00
Beşiktaş
1–3
Bayern Munich
Vágner Love 59'
Report
Thiago 18'
Gönül 46' (o.g.)
Wagner 84'
Vodafone Park, Istanbul
Attendance: 36,885[20]
Referee: Michael Oliver (England)
Bayern Munich won 8–1 on aggregate.
Quarter-finals[edit]
The draw for the quarter-finals was held on 16 March 2018, 12:00 CET.[21][22]
Summary[edit]
The first legs were played on 3 and 4 April, and the second legs were played on 10 and 11 April 2018.
Team 1
Agg.
Team 2
1st leg
2nd leg
Barcelona 4–4 (a) Roma 4–1 0–3
Sevilla 1–2 Bayern Munich 1–2 0–0
Juventus 3–4 Real Madrid 0–3 3–1
Liverpool 5–1 Manchester City 3–0 2–1
Matches[edit]
4 April 2018 (2018-04-04)20:45
Barcelona
4–1
Roma
De Rossi 38' (o.g.)
Manolas 55' (o.g.)
Piqué 59'
L. Suárez 87'
Report
Džeko 80'
Camp Nou, Barcelona
Attendance: 90,106[23]
Referee: Danny Makkelie (Netherlands)
10 April 2018 (2018-04-10)20:45
Roma
3–0
Barcelona
Džeko 6'
De Rossi 58' (pen.)
Manolas 82'
Report
Stadio Olimpico, Rome
Attendance: 56,580[24]
Referee: Clément Turpin (France)
4–4 on aggregate. Roma won on away goals.
3 April 2018 (2018-04-03)20:45
Sevilla
1–2
Bayern Munich
Sarabia 31'
Report
Navas 37' (o.g.)
Thiago 68'
Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán, Seville
Attendance: 40,635[25]
Referee: Daniele Orsato (Italy)
11 April 2018 (2018-04-11)20:45
Bayern Munich
0–0
Sevilla
Report
Allianz Arena, Munich
Attendance: 70,000[26]
Referee: Willie Collum (Scotland)
Bayern Munich won 2–1 on aggregate.
3 April 2018 (2018-04-03)20:45
Juventus
0–3
Real Madrid
Report
Ronaldo 3', 64'
Marcelo 72'
Juventus Stadium, Turin
Attendance: 40,849[27]
Referee: Cüneyt Çakır (Turkey)
11 April 2018 (2018-04-11)20:45
Real Madrid
1–3
Juventus
Ronaldo 90+8' (pen.)
Report
Mandžukić 2', 37'
Matuidi 61'
Santiago Bernabéu, Madrid
Attendance: 75,796[28]
Referee: Michael Oliver (England)
Real Madrid won 4–3 on aggregate.
4 April 2018 (2018-04-04)20:45
Liverpool
3–0
Manchester City
Salah 12'
Oxlade-Chamberlain 21'
Mané 31'
Report
Anfield, Liverpool
Attendance: 50,685[29]
Referee: Felix Brych (Germany)
10 April 2018 (2018-04-10)20:45
Manchester City
1–2
Liverpool
Gabriel Jesus 2'
Report
Salah 56'
Firmino 77'
City of Manchester Stadium, Manchester
Attendance: 53,461[30]
Referee: Antonio Mateu Lahoz (Spain)
Liverpool won 5–1 on aggregate.
Semi-finals[edit]
The draw for the semi-finals was held on 13 April 2018, 13:00 CEST.[31]
For the first time since the 2009–10 UEFA Champions League, all the four teams at this stage represent different national associations.[32]
Summary[edit]
The first legs were played on 24 and 25 April, and the second legs will be played on 1 and 2 May 2018.
Team 1
Agg.
Team 2
1st leg
2nd leg
Bayern Munich Real Madrid 1–2 1 May
Liverpool Roma 5–2 2 May
Matches[edit]
25 April 2018 (2018-04-25)20:45
Bayern Munich
1–2
Real Madrid
Kimmich 28'
Report
Marcelo 44'
Asensio 57'
Allianz Arena, Munich
Attendance: 70,000[33]
Referee: Björn Kuipers (Netherlands)
1 May 2018 (2018-05-01)20:45
Real Madrid
v
Bayern Munich
Report
Santiago Bernabéu, Madrid
24 April 2018 (2018-04-24)20:45
Liverpool
5–2
Roma
Salah 36', 45+1'
Mané 56'
Firmino 61', 69'
Report
Džeko 81'
Perotti 85' (pen.)
Anfield, Liverpool
Attendance: 51,236[34]
Referee: Felix Brych (Germany)
2 May 2018 (2018-05-02)20:45
Roma
v
Liverpool
Report
Stadio Olimpico, Rome
Final[edit]
Main article: 2018 UEFA Champions League Final
The final will be played at the NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium in Kiev on 26 May 2018. The "home" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held after the semi-final draw.[31]
26 May 2018 (2018-05-26)20:45
Winners of semi-final 1
v
Winners of semi-final 2
Report
NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium, Kiev
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Shakhtar Donetsk played their home match at Metalist Stadium, Kharkiv, instead of their regular stadium Donbass Arena, Donetsk, due to the war conditions in Eastern Ukraine.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "2017/18 Champions League match and draw calendar". UEFA.com. 11 January 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Regulations of the UEFA Champions League 2017/18 Season" (PDF). UEFA.com. 4 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Round of 16 draw". UEFA.com.
Jump up ^ "Knockout stage first: five English clubs through". UEFA.com. 6 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Round of 16 1st Leg – Juventus v Tottenham Hotspur" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 13 February 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Round of 16 2nd Leg – Tottenham Hotspur v Juventus" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 7 March 2018. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Round of 16 1st Leg – Basel v Manchester City" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 13 February 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Round of 16 2nd Leg – Manchester City v Basel" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 7 March 2018. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Round of 16 1st Leg – Porto v Liverpool" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 14 February 2018. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Round of 16 2nd Leg – Liverpool v Porto" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 6 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Round of 16 1st Leg – Sevilla v Manchester United" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 21 February 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Round of 16 2nd Leg – Manchester United v Sevilla" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 13 March 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Round of 16 1st Leg – Real Madrid v Paris Saint-Germain" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 14 February 2018. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Round of 16 2nd Leg – Paris Saint-Germain v Real Madrid" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 6 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Round of 16 1st Leg – Shakhtar Donetsk v Roma" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 21 February 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Round of 16 2nd Leg – Roma v Shakhtar Donetsk" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 13 March 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Round of 16 1st Leg – Chelsea v Barcelona" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 20 February 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Round of 16 2nd Leg – Barcelona v Chelsea" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 14 March 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Round of 16 1st Leg – Bayern Munich v Beşiktaş" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 20 February 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Round of 16 2nd Leg – Beşiktaş v Bayern Munich" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 14 March 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Quarter-final draw". UEFA.com.
Jump up ^ "UEFA Champions League quarter-final draw". UEFA.com.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Quarter-finals 1st Leg – Barcelona v Roma" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 4 April 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Quarter-finals 2nd Leg – Roma v Barcelona" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 10 April 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Quarter-finals 1st Leg – Sevilla v Bayern Munich" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 3 April 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Quarter-finals 2nd Leg – Bayern Munich v Sevilla" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 11 April 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Quarter-finals 1st Leg – Juventus v Real Madrid" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 3 April 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Quarter-finals 2nd Leg – Real Madrid v Juventus" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 11 April 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Quarter-finals 1st Leg – Liverpool v Manchester City" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 4 April 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Quarter-finals 2nd Leg – Manchester City v Liverpool" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 10 April 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Semi-final and final draws". UEFA.com.
Jump up ^ "Champions League last four: which nations dominate?". UEFA.com. 12 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Semi-finals 1st Leg – Bayern Munich v Real Madrid" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 25 April 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Full Time Summary Semi-finals 1st Leg – Liverpool v Roma" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 24 April 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
External links[edit]
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BBC Four
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the BBC radio stations, see BBC Radio 4 and BBC Radio 4 Extra.
BBC Four
BBC Four logo used since launch
Launched
2 March 2002; 16 years ago (2002-03-02)
Owned by
BBC
Picture format
576i (16:9 SDTV)
1080i (HDTV)
Audience share
1.00% (December 2017 (2017-12), BARB)
Country
United Kingdom
Replaced
BBC Knowledge
Sister channel(s)
BBC One
BBC Two
BBC News
BBC Parliament
CBBC
CBeebies
Website
BBC Four
Availability
Terrestrial
Freeview
Channel 9
Channel 106 (HD)
Satellite
Freesat
Channel 107 (SD/HD)
Channel 148 (SD)
Sky (UK)
Channel 116 (SD/HD)
Channel 143 (SD)
Sky (Ireland)
Channel 211
Astra 2E
10773 H 22000 5/6
Astra 2F
11023 H 23000 2/3 (HD)
Cable
Virgin Media (UK)
Channel 107
Channel 163 (HD)
Virgin Media (Ireland)
Channel 117
Ziggo (Netherlands)
Channel 64
Kabeltex (Netherlands)
Channel 164
WightFibre
Channel 18
UPC Switzerland (Switzerland)
Channel 204 (HD)
IPTV
BT TV
Channel 106 (HD)
SwisscomTV
(Switzerland)
Channel arbitrary
KPN (Netherlands)
Channel arbitrary
Eir Vision
Channel 207
Streaming media
BBC iPlayer
Watch live (UK only)
TVPlayer
Watch live (UK only)
Horizon Go
Watch live (Ireland only)
Watch live (Switzerland only)
Ziggo GO
ZiggoGO.tv (Netherlands only)
BBC Four is a British television channel operated by the British Broadcasting Corporation and available to digital television viewers on Freeview, IPTV, satellite, and cable.
BBC Four launched on 2 March 2002,[1] with a schedule running from 19:00 to 04:00. The channel shows "a wide variety of programmes including comedy, documentaries, music, international film, original programmes, drama and current affairs ... an alternative to programmes on the mainstream TV channels".[2] It is required by its licence to broadcast at least 100 hours of new arts and music programmes, 110 hours of new factual programmes and to premiere twenty international films each year.[3][4]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Organisation
3 BBC Four HD
4 Programming
5 Programmes
5.1 Original programmes
5.2 Imports
5.3 Domestic repeats
5.4 Music concerts
5.5 Classics (shown in 2007 and 2015)
5.6 Most watched programmes
6 Presentation
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]
BBC Four launched on 2 March 2002 at 19:00 GMT, having been delayed from the original planned 2001 launch. BBC Four began originally as a late schedule to BBC Two, before it received its own channel, along with BBC Three. Curiously, BBC Four had to launch before BBC Three as a result of the government delaying approval plans. The channel replaced BBC Knowledge, an educational and cultural channel which had undergone many changes throughout its lifetime; in its final format it carried a schedule of documentaries and art programming, essentially a test of the new BBC Four schedule. BBC Four would rebrand this channel, and bring it into line with the well recognised BBC One and Two brands at the same time. Planning for the new channel, along with the new BBC Three, had been in progress since October 2000; however, the incumbent government delayed approving the new BBC digital plans. The BBC Four plans were approved earlier, and as a result launched before BBC Three.
BBC Four was different from the old BBC Knowledge: the channel would be more heavily promoted with more new and original programming and the channel would not be broadcast 24 hours a day. This was because on the Freeview digital terrestrial platform, BBC Four is broadcast in a statistically multiplexed stream in Multiplex B that timeshares with the CBeebies channel (which is on air from 06:00 until 19:00). As a result, BBC Four broadcasts from 19:00 to around 04:00 each night, with an hour's down-time and promotions for CBeebies before the start of that channel's schedule.
On 12 May 2011, BBC Four was added to the Sky EPG in the Republic of Ireland on channel 230. It later moved to EPG 211 to free up space for new channels.[5]
Organisation[edit]
BBC Four forms part of the BBC Vision group, and as a result, the channel controller is answerable to the head of this executive department: Emma Swain, as of 2012. The channel direction is determined by the channel's remit, set by royal charter and the corporation's governing body (the BBC Trust), and by the channel controller. In October 2013, following the departure of Richard Klein from the controllership, the management of the channel changed, with the role of Controller of BBC Four scrapped: from this point the Controller of BBC Two would have ultimate oversight of BBC Four as part of their role, absorbing some of the former duties of the Controller of BBC Four, but a new 'Channel Editor' post, reporting up to this controller, would be created to take day-to-day charge of Four. The controllers of BBC Four from 2002-2016 have been:
2002–2004: Roly Keating
2004–2008: Janice Hadlow[6]
2008–2013: Richard Klein[7]
2013–2014: Janice Hadlow (as Controller of BBC Two and BBC Four) "on an interim basis"[8] - Hadlow had been Controller of BBC Two since departing BBC Four in 2008
Early 2014: Adam Barker (interim Controller of BBC Two and BBC Four following Janice Hadlow's departure to a new post)[9]
2014–2016: Kim Shillinglaw (as Controller of BBC Two and BBC Four)[10]
Channel Editors of BBC Four have been:
2013–present: Cassian Harrison[11]
BBC Four has an annual budget of £54.3 million.[3]
On 20 January 2016, Kim Shillinglaw announced that she had decided to leave the BBC as the Controller of BBC Two & BBC Four. As a result of the reorganisation, the post of Controller BBC Two and Four will close after her departure later in 2016.[12]
BBC Four HD[edit]
BBC Four HD logo.
On 16 July 2013, the BBC announced that a high-definition (HD) simulcast of BBC Four would be launched by early 2014.[13] The channel launched on 10 December 2013, and rolled out nationwide up to June 2014 (as will BBC News HD and CBeebies HD).[14] The channel broadcasts on the BBC's new HD multiplex on Freeview and shares its stream with CBeebies HD as they both air at different times. Prior to launch, the majority of BBC Four's HD output was broadcast on the BBC HD channel before its closure on 26 March 2013. In 2017 BBC Four HD along with CBBC HD and Cbeebies HD launched in Ireland.
Programming[edit]
Main article: List of programmes broadcast by the BBC
BBC Four's primary role is to reflect a range of UK and international arts, music and culture. It should provide an ambitious range of innovative, high quality programming that is intellectually and culturally enriching, taking an expert and in-depth approach to a wide range of subjects.
—  BBC Four Remit
BBC Four share of viewing 2002-2013 BARB figures
The first evening's BBC Four programmes were simulcast on BBC Two.[1] BBC Four is notable for first showing Larry David's Seinfeld follow-up, Curb Your Enthusiasm,[15] Armando Iannucci's cutting political satire, The Thick of It, The Chaser's War on Everything, Flight of the Conchords, Mad Men and Danish thriller The Killing.
The channel broadcasts a mixture of art and science documentaries, vintage drama (including many rare black-and-white programmes), and non-English language productions such as films from the Artificial Eye catalogue, the French thriller Spiral and the Swedish detective series Wallander.[16] BBC Four further supports foreign language films with its annual World Cinema Award which has been running since 2004.
On weekdays at 19:00, the channel shows a 30-minute global news programme called Beyond 100 Days Monday–Thursday and an edition of World News Today on Fridays, simulcast with and produced by BBC World News. Beyond 100 Days takes a Christmas break'.
It screens a number of documentaries such as The Century of the Self and The Trials of Henry Kissinger. The channel is also home to many political travel shows such as Holidays in the Axis of Evil which features investigative journalism.
Drama has given the channel some of its most popular programmes, with The Alan Clark Diaries (2003) and Kenneth Williams: Fantabulosa! (2006) being among the highest rated, with over 800,000 viewers. The highly acclaimed Hattie, broadcast in 2011, holds the record for BBC4's best ever consolidated ratings of 2m / 8%.[17] Before that The Curse of Steptoe brought the channel its highest audience figures, estimated as 1.41 million viewers, a 7% share of multichannel audiences between 21:00 and 22:05, based on overnight returns.[18] The official audience figures for the broadcast, including time-shifting, were later published as 1,625,000.[19] Another notable production was a live re-make of the 1953 science-fiction serial The Quatermass Experiment, adapted from the original scripts into a single, two-hour version (though on the night it, in fact, underran considerably, lasting less than 1 hour 40 minutes), broadcast on the evening of Saturday 2 April 2005. Discounting BBC Four's previous live relays of theatrical Shakespeare productions, this was the first live made-for-television drama to be broadcast by the BBC for twenty years.
Another notable programme broadcast on BBC Four is Charlie Brooker's Screenwipe which contains reviews of current shows, as well as stories and commentary on how television is produced. The show is presented by broadcaster Charlie Brooker.
The channel is also curator and leader of the BBC Archive project whose aim is that the BBC's television archive is re-broadcast as much as appropriate so that the Archive can be enjoyed again and not isolated.[20]
Some output from BBC Four (documentaries rather than foreign films) was for a time repeated on BBC Two in a 'BBC Four on Two' branded area, although this was often in a late night broadcast slot after Newsnight and has since been discontinued.
According to BARB the comedy panel game QI has the highest ratings of any show on BBC Four.[21]
At the Edinburgh International Television Festival, BBC Four won the Non-Terrestrial Channel of the Year award in 2004, 2006 and 2012.
In 2012 Dirk Gently became the first continuing drama series produced for the channel.[22]
BBC Four is occasionally used to show live sports coverage. The channel aired additional games from the UEFA Euro 2016 football tournament, and temporarily extended its broadcast hours to show live action from the 2016 Summer Olympics.[23]
Programmes[edit]
Original programmes[edit]
The Art of Cornwall
The Ballad of Mott the Hoople
BBC Four Sessions
Birds Britania
Britain by Bike
Britain's Best Drives
Can Eating Insects Save the World
Charlie Brooker's Screenwipe
Children's TV Trials
Churches: How To Read Them
The Curse of Steptoe
Detectorists
Dinosaurs, Myths and Monsters
Dirk Gently
Elegance and Decadence: The Age of the Regency
The First World War
Frankenstein: Birth of a Monster
Free Will and Testament: The Robert Wyatt Story
Goodbye BBC Television Centre
The Great War
Hattie
HG Wells: War with the World
Hinterland/Y Gwyll (Joint BBC / S4C production, English language version)
Hive Minds
How to Build a Dinosaur
If Walls Could Talk
Jerusalem: The Making of a Holy City
Music for Misfits: The Story of Indie
Only Connect
Racing at the BBC
Sandhurst
The Secret Life of Ice
Shock and Awe: The Life of Electricity
Singer-Songwriters at the BBC
Sings the...
The Life of Rock with Brian Pern
The Story of Musicals
The Story of the National Grid
Survivors: Nature's Indestructible Creatures
Talking Children
Timeshift
Twenty Twelve
To Kill a Mockingbird at 50
Walter's War
World News Today (simulcast on BBC Four and BBC World News)
Beyond 100 Days (simulcast on BBC Four, BBC News and BBC World News)
Imports[edit]
Arne Dahl
The Bridge
Borgen
Hostages
Inspector De Luca
Inspector Montalbano
The Killing
Minuscule
The Money
Salamander
Spiral
Trapped
Wallander
Domestic repeats[edit]
Africa
All Creatures Great and Small
Batman
The Bear Family and Me
Blue Peter (Classics only)
The Blue Planet
Butterflies
Casualty 1906
Casualty 1907
Climbing Great Buildings
Cranford
Doctor Who (the Classic Series)
Ever Decreasing Circles
Fawlty Towers
The Frozen Planet
The Good Life
Great British Railway Journeys
I, Claudius
Juliet Bravo
Last of the Summer Wine
Life
The Life and Loves of a She-Devil
The Life of Mammals
The Likely Lads
Monty Python's Flying Circus
The Onedin Line
Outnumbered
Planet Earth
Porridge
Pride and Prejudice
The Sky at Night
Sorry!
Supernatural
Sykes
Tales of Beatrix Potter
Top of the Pops
Waking the Dead
Walking with Beasts
Walking with Dinosaurs
Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads?
Yes Minister
Yes, Prime Minister
The Young Ones
Music concerts[edit]
BBC Radio 1's Big Weekend (from 2016)
Coldplay Live
David Gilmour Live in Gdansk (part of David Gilmour Night)
Eurovision Song Contest semi-finals (from 2016)
Madness Live (part of Goodbye Television Centre)
Queen 1975 Live
Classics (shown in 2007 and 2015)[edit]
The Avengers
Blue Peter
The Clangers
Grange Hill
The Magic Roundabout
Newsround
Play School
Most watched programmes[edit]
The following is a list of the ten most watched broadcasts on BBC Four since launch, based on Live +7 data supplied by BARB.[24] Number of viewers does not include repeats.
Rank
Programme
Number of Viewers
Date
1 Hattie 2,005,000 19 January 2009
2 The Bridge 1,810,000 21 November 2015
3 Detectorists 1,687,000 8 November 2017
4 Roots 1,659,000 8 February 2017
5 The Curse of Steptoe 1,625,000 19 March 2008
6 The Bridge 1,620,000 1 February 2014
7 Detectorists 1,593,000 22 November 2017
8 Goodbye Television Centre 1,588,000 22 March 2013
9 The Bridge 1,547,000 1 February 2014
10 The Bridge 1,541,000 28 November 2015
Presentation[edit]
Main articles: BBC Four idents and History of BBC television idents
The channel's initial series of idents were generated dynamically reflecting the frequencies of the continuity announcers' voice or of backing music and were designed by Lambie-Nairn. As a result, no two idents were ever the same. The first continuity announcer was Zeb Soanes.
When the channel first started airing, it used the slogan "Everyone Needs A Place To Think", but the BBC stopped using this several months after the launch. However the BBC Four logo and above slogan can be found, engraved on benches along the South Bank in London, between the London Eye and Waterloo Bridge.
On 10 September 2005, the channel began showing new idents comprising a central BBC Four logo surrounded by four quadrants which show different stages of the same footage thus making for a sort of optical illusion; for example, a swimming pool where a person on an inflatable ring appears in the bottom-left corner, though ripples don't enter the remaining quarters. Although the image appears as one at the start of the ident, by the end it is clearly four separate images.
See also[edit]
BBC portal
Book: BBC Channels (UK)
List of documentary channels
BBC Four World Cinema Award
List of television stations in the United Kingdom
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Culture, controversy and cutting edge documentary: BBC FOUR prepares to launch", BBC Press Office, 14 February 2002. Retrieved 2 April 2010.
Jump up ^ "BBC Four - FAQ". Retrieved 19 August 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b BBC Four Service Licence. Issued February 2011 Retrieved 7 October 2011. Published by the BBC Trust.
Jump up ^ BBC Four Service Licence. Issued May 2009 Retrieved 12 March 2010
Jump up ^ "Ireland: Extra BBC channels being added to Sky EPG". The Airwaves. 2 May 2011. Archived from the original on 7 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "Janice Hadlow to be new Controller of BBC Two" (Press release). BBC Press Office. 1 October 2008. Retrieved 13 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "Richard Klein named new Controller of BBC Four" (Press release). BBC Press Office. 24 November 2008. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 13 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "Richard Klein, Former Controller, BBC Four - Inside the BBC". bbc.co.uk.
Jump up ^ "Adam Barker Appointed Acting Controller of BBC Two & BBC Four". TVWise.
Jump up ^ "Kim Shillinglaw Named BBC Two & BBC Four Controller". TVWise.
Jump up ^ "Cassian Harrison appointed as Channel Editor, BBC Four - Media Centre". bbc.co.uk.
Jump up ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2016/controller-tv-and-iplayer
Jump up ^ "BBC to launch five new HD channels". BBC News. 16 July 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "BBC to launch five new subscription-free HD channels on Tuesday 10 December". BBC. 9 December 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
Jump up ^ Burrell, Ian (15 February 2010). "Watch and learn: BBC Four's success is a sign that Britain is regaining a hunger for intelligent broadcasting". The Independent. London. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
Jump up ^ "BBC Four - Wallander". BBC.
Jump up ^ "Chris Curtis on Twitter". Twitter. Editor, Broadcast. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "BBC4 breaks ratings record", The Guardian (London), 19 March 2008
Jump up ^ BARB multichannel top ten, BBC Four, week ending 23 March 2008
Jump up ^ Klein, Richard, Ten Years of BBC Four About the BBC Blog, BBC, Last accessed 3 March 2012
Jump up ^ Analysis of BARB audience figures, produced for QI by the BBC, QI website, accessed 28 March 2008
Jump up ^ "Dirk Gently to return to BBC Four". BBC. 31 March 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
Jump up ^ "BBC Four to be converted to a sports channel in August". a516digital. 26 May 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Top 10 Programmes". Barb.co.uk. 22 October 2017.
External links[edit]
BBC Four at BBC Online
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Retail design
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Retail design is a creative and commercial discipline that combines several different areas of expertise together in the design and construction of retail space. Retail design is primarily a specialized practice of architecture and interior design, however it also incorporates elements of interior decoration, industrial design, graphic design, ergonomics, and advertising.[1][2][3]
Retail design is a very specialized discipline due to the heavy demands placed on retail space. Because the primary purpose of retail space is to stock and sell product to consumers, the spaces must be designed in a way that promotes an enjoyable and hassle-free shopping experience for the consumer. For example, research shows that male and female shoppers who were accidentally touched from behind by other shoppers left a store earlier than people who had not been touched and evaluated brands more negatively.[4] The space must be specially-tailored to the kind of product being sold in that space; for example, a bookstore requires many large shelving units to accommodate small products that can be arranged categorically while a clothing store requires more open space to fully display product.[5][6][7]
Retail spaces, especially when they form part of a retail chain, must also be designed to draw people into the space to shop. The storefront must act as a billboard for the store, often employing large display windows that allow shoppers to see into the space and the product inside. In the case of a retail chain, the individual spaces must be unified in their design.[5][8]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Usage
2.1 Role
2.2 Design elements
2.3 Perspective
3 See also
4 References
5 Further reading
History[edit]
Retail design first began to grow in the middle of the 19th century, with stores such as Bon Marche and Printemps in Paris, "followed by Marshall Fields in Chicago, Selfridges in London and Macy's in New York." These early retail design stores were swiftly continued with an innovation called the chain store.
The first known chain department stores were established in Belgium in 1875, when Isidore, Benjamin and Modeste Dewachter incorporated Dewachter frères (Dewachter Brothers) selling ready-to-wear clothing for men and children and specialty clothing such as riding apparel and beachwear.[9][10] The firm opened with four locations[9][11] and, by 1904, Maison Dewachter (House of Dewachter) had stores in 20 cities and towns in Belgium and France, with multiple stores in some cities.[12][13] Isidore's eldest son, Louis Dewachter, managed the chain at its peak and also became an internationally known landscape artist, painting under the pseudonym Louis Dewis.[14]
The first retail chain store in the United States was opened in the early 20th century by Frank Winfield Woolworth, which quickly became a franchise across the US. Other chain stores began growing in places like the UK a decade or so later, with stores like Boots. After World War II, a new type of retail design building known as the shopping centre came into being. This type of building took two different paths in comparison between the US and Europe. Shopping centres began being built out of town within the United States to benefit the suburban family, while Europe began putting shopping centres in the middle of town. The first shopping centre in the Netherlands was built in the 1950s, as retail design ideas began spreading east.[15]
The next evolution of retail design was the creation of the boutique in the 1960s, which emphasized retail design run by individuals. Some of the earliest examples of boutiques are the Biba boutique created by Barbara Hulanicki and the Habitat line of stores made by Terence Conran. The rise of the boutique was followed, in the next two decades, with an overall increase in consumer spending across the developed world. This rise made retail design shift to compensate for increased customers and alternative focuses. Many retail design stores redesigned themselves over the period to keep up with changing consumer tastes. These changes resulted on one side with the creation of multiple "expensive, one-off designer shops" catering to specific fashion designers and retailers.[15]
The rise of the internet and internet retailing in the latter part of the 20th century and into the 21st century saw another change in retail design to compensate. Many different sectors not related to the internet reached out to retail design and its practices to lure online shoppers back to physical shops, where retail design can be properly utilized.[15]
Usage[edit]
Role[edit]
A retail designer must create a thematic experience for the consumer, by using spatial cues to entertain as well as entice the consumer to purchase goods and interact with the space.[16][17] The success of their designs are not measured by design critics but rather the records of the store which compare amount of foot traffic against the overall productivity. Retail designers have an acute awareness that the store and their designs are the background to the merchandise and are only there to represent and create the best possible environment in which to reflect the merchandise to the target consumer group.[18]
Design elements[edit]
Since the evolution of retail design and its impact on productivity have become clear, a series of standardisations in the techniques and design qualities has been determined. These standardisations range from alterations to the perspective of the structure of the space, entrances, circulation systems, atmospheric qualities (light and sound) and materiality. By exploring these standardisations in retail design the consumer will be given a thematic experience that entices them to purchase the merchandise. It is also important to acknowledge that a retail space must combine both permanent and non permanent features, that allow it to change as the needs of the consumer and merchandise change (e.g. per season).[19][20]
The structure of retail space creates the constraints of the overall design; often the spaces already exist, and have had many prior uses. It is at this stage that logistics must be determined, structural features like columns, stairways, ceiling height, windows and emergency exists all must be factored into the final design. In retail one hundred percent of the space must be utilised and have a purpose.[21] The floor plan creates the circulation which then directly controls the direction of the traffic flow based on the studied psychology of consumer movement pattern within a retail space. Circulation is important because it ensures that the consumer moves through the store from front to back, guiding them to important displays and in the end to the cashier.[22] There are six basic store layouts and circulation plans that all provide a different experience:
Straight plan: this plan divides transitional areas from one part of the store to the other by using walls to display merchandise. It also leads the consumer to the back of the store. This design can be used for a variety of stores ranging from pharmacies to apparel.[23]
Pathway plan: is most suitable for large stores that are single level. In this plan there is a path that is unobstructed by shop fixtures, this smoothly guides the consumer through to the back of the store. This is well suited for apparel department stores, as the clothes will be easily accessible.[23]
Diagonal plan: uses perimeter design which cause angular traffic flow. The cashier is in a central location and easily accessible. This plan is most suited for self-service retail.[23]
Curved plan: aims to create an intimate environment that is inviting. In this plan there is an emphasis on the structure of the space including the walls, corners and ceiling this is achieved by making the structure curved and is enhance by circular floor fixtures. Although this is a more expensive layout it is more suited to smaller spaces like salons and boutiques.[24]
Varied plan: in this plan attention is drawn to special focus areas, as well as having storage areas that line the wall. This is best suited for footwear and jewellery retail stores.[24]
Geometric plan: uses the racks and the retail floor fixtures to create a geometric floor plan and circulation movement. By lowering parts of the ceiling certain areas can create defined retail spaces. This is well suited for appeal stores.[24]
Once the overall structure and circulation of the space has been determined, the atmosphere and thematics of the space must be created through lighting, sound, materials and visual branding. These design elements will cohesively have the greatest impact on the consumer and thus the level of productivity that could be achieved.[citation needed]
Lighting can have a dramatic impact on the space. It needs to be functional but also complement the merchandise as well as emphasize key points throughout the store. The lighting should be layered and of a variety of intensities and fixtures. Firstly, examine the natural light and what impact it has in the space. Natural light adds interest and clarity to the space; also consumers also prefer to examine the quality of merchandise in natural light.[25] If no natural light exists, a sky light can be used to introduce it to the retail space. The lighting of the ceiling and roof is the next thing to consider. This lighting should wash the structural features while creating vectors that direct the consumer to key merchandise selling areas. The next layer should emphasize the selling areas. These lights should be direct but not too bright and harsh. Poor lighting can cause eye strain and an uncomfortable experience for the consumer. To minimize the possibility of eye strain, the ratio of luminance should decrease between merchandise selling areas. The next layer will complement and bring focus onto the merchandise; this lighting should be flattering for the merchandise and consumer. The final layer is to install functional lighting such as clear exit signs.[26][27]
Ambiance can then be developed within the atmosphere through sound and audio, the music played within the store should reflect what your target market would be drawn to, this would also be developed through the merchandise that is being marketed. In a lingerie store the music should be soft, feminine and romanticized; where in a technology department the music would be more upbeat and more masculine.[28]
Materiality is another key selling tool, the choices made must not only be aesthetically pleasing and persuasive but also functional with a minimal need for maintenance.[29] Retail spaces are high traffic area and are thus exposed to a lot of wear this means that possible finishes of the materials should be durable. The warmth of a material will make the space more inviting, a floor that is firm and somewhat buoyant will be more comfortable for that consumer to walk on and thus this will allow them to take longer when exploring the store.[30][31] By switching materials throughout the store zones/ areas can be defined, for example by making the path one material and contrast it against another for the selling areas this help to guide the consumer through the store. Colour is also important to consider it must not over power or clash against the merchandise but rather create a complementary background for the merchandise. As merchandise will change seasonally the interior colours should not be trend based but rather have timeless appeal like neutral based colours.[30][31]
Visual branding of the store will ensure a memorable experience for the consumer to take with them once they leave the store ensuring that they will want to return. The key factor is consistency exterior branding and signage should continue into the interior, they should attract, stimulate and dramatise the store. To ensure consistency the font should be consistent with the font size altering.[32] The interior branding should allow the consumer to easily self direct themselves through the store, proper placement of sales signs that will draw consumer in and show exactly where the cashier is located. The branding should reflect what the merchandise is and what the target market would be drawn to.[33][34]
Perspective[edit]
The final element of a well-executed retail space is the staging of the consumer's perspective. It is the role of retail design to have total control of the view that the consumer will have of the retail space. From the exterior of a retail store the consumer should have a clear unobstructed view into the interior.[35]
See also[edit]
Architecture
Brand
Branded environments
Brand implementation
Customer engagement
Display case
Display window
Ergonomics
Interior design
Marketing
Merchandising
Planogram
Retail chain
Retailing
Visual merchandising
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Retail design" by Otto Riewoldt, te Neues, 2000
Jump up ^ "Becoming an Architect: A Guide to Careers in Design" by Lee W. Waldrep, John Wiley and Sons, 2009
Jump up ^ "Retail design firms", Opportunities in commercial art and graphic design careers, Volume 2003 by Barbara Gordon, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2004, Pg. 88
Jump up ^ Martin, Brett A. S. (2012), "A Stranger’s Touch: Effects of Accidental Interpersonal Touch on Consumer Evaluations and Shopping Time", Journal of Consumer Research, 39 (June), 174-184.
^ Jump up to: a b "Luxury retail design and atmosphere", Luxury fashion branding: trends, tactics, techniques by Uché Okonkwo, Palgrave Macmillan, 2007, Pg. 78
Jump up ^ "Building type basics for retail and mixed-use facilities" by Stephen A. Kliment, Jerde Partnership International, and Vilma Barr, John Wiley and Sons, 2004
Jump up ^ "Retail Design Identity", Possessed: The Rise and Fall of Prince by Alex Hahn, Billboard Books, 2004, Pg. 157
Jump up ^ "Boutiques and other retail spaces: the architecture of seduction" by Leontine de Wit, Taylor & Francis US, 2007
^ Jump up to: a b Annexes to the Belgian Monitor of 1875. Acts, Extracts of Acts, Minutes and Documents relating to Corporations, Book #3, Page 67
Jump up ^ LouisDewis.com
Jump up ^ The French Wikipedia site reports that Dewachter frères opened in La Louvière in 1865, but provides no reference.
Jump up ^ Maison Dewachter Liège 1891 letterhead
Jump up ^ Maison Dewachter Bordeaux 1904 letterhead listing 20 cities and towns and three stores in Bordeaux itself
Jump up ^ LouisDewis.com
^ Jump up to: a b c "Retail Design", Design: the key concepts by Catherine McDermott, Psychology Press, 2007, Pg. 195
Jump up ^ *Lopez, M. J., 2003. "Retail Store Planning And Design Manual". 2nd ed. Cincinnati, Ohio: ST Publications.p.1
Jump up ^ Barr, V. and Broudy, C.E., 1990. "Designing to Sell". 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, INC.p.9
Jump up ^ *Lopez, M. J., 2003. "Retail Store Planning And Design Manual". 2nd ed. Cincinnati, Ohio: ST Publications.p.4
Jump up ^ Barr, V. and Broudy, C.E., 1990. "Designing to Sell". 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, INC.p.23
Jump up ^ Curtis, E. and Watson, H., 2007. "Fashion Retail". 2nd ed. West Sussex, England: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. p.12
Jump up ^ Barr, V. and Broudy, C.E., 1990. "Designing to Sell". 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, INC.p.15-17
Jump up ^ Israel, L.J., 1994. "Store Planning/ Design". United States of America: John Wiley & sons, INC.
^ Jump up to: a b c Barr, V. and Broudy, C.E., 1990. "Designing to Sell". 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, INC.p.6
^ Jump up to: a b c Barr, V. and Broudy, C.E., 1990. "Designing to Sell". 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, INC.p.7
Jump up ^ Barr, V. and Broudy, C.E., 1990. "Designing to Sell". 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, INC.p.65-80
Jump up ^ *Lopez, M. J., 2003. "Retail Store Planning And Design Manual". 2nd ed. Cincinnati, Ohio: ST Publications.p.147-167
Jump up ^ Israel, L.J., 1994. "Store Planning/ Design". United States of America: John Wiley & sons, INC.p.183-191
Jump up ^ Curtis, E. and Watson, H., 2007. "Fashion Retail". 2nd ed. West Sussex, England: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.p.213
Jump up ^ *Lopez, M. J., 2003. "Retail Store Planning And Design Manual". 2nd ed. Cincinnati, Ohio: ST Publications.p.563-566
^ Jump up to: a b Barr, V. and Broudy, C.E., 1990. "Designing to Sell". 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, INC.p51-64
^ Jump up to: a b Israel, L.J., 1994. "Store Planning/ Design". United States of America: John Wiley & sons, INC.p.160-172
Jump up ^ Israel, L.J., 1994. "Store Planning/ Design". United States of America: John Wiley & sons, INC.p.192
Jump up ^ Barr, V. and Broudy, C.E., 1990. "Designing to Sell". 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, INC.p.81-94
Jump up ^ *Lopez, M. J., 2003. "Retail Store Planning And Design Manual". 2nd ed. Cincinnati, Ohio: ST Publications.p.258
Jump up ^ *Lopez, M. J., 2003. "Retail Store Planning And Design Manual". 2nd ed. Cincinnati, Ohio: ST Publications.p.169-170
Further reading[edit]
Israel, L.J., 1994. "Store Planning/ Design". United States of America: John Wiley & sons, INC.
Lopez, M. J., 2003. "Retail Store Planning And Design Manual". 2nd ed. Cincinnati, Ohio: ST Publications.
Barr, V. and Broudy, C.E., 1990. "Designing to Sell". 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, INC.
Curtis, E. and Watson, H., 2007. "Fashion Retail". 2nd ed. West Sussex, England: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
Rodney Fitch & Lance Knobel (1990). Fitch on retail design. Phaidon. ISBN 978-0-7148-2562-5.
Catherine McDermott (2007). "Retail Design". Design: the key concepts. Routledge key guides. Routledge. pp. 195–197. ISBN 978-0-415-32016-0.
Stephen Doyle (2004). "Retail store design". In Margaret Bruce; Christopher Moore; Grete Birtwistle. International retail marketing: a case study approach. Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-5748-8.
Sean Nixon (1996). "Menswear and retailing practices: the case of retail design". Hard looks: masculinities, spectatorship and contemporary consumption. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-16333-4.
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