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The Great Khali
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The Great Khali
The Great Khali in 2007
Birth name
Dalip Singh Rana[1]
Born
(1972-08-27) 27 August 1972 (age 45)[1]
Dhiraina, Himachal Pradesh, India[1]
Residence
Houston, Texas,
United States[2]
Spouse(s)
Harminder Kaur (m. 2002)[3]
Professional wrestling career
Ring name(s)
Dalip Singh[4]
Giant Singh[1]
The Great Khali[5]
Billed height
7 ft 1 in (2.16 m)[5]
Billed weight
347 lb (157 kg)[5]
Billed from
Mumbai, India[5]
Trained by
All Pro Wrestling[1]
Debut
7 October 2000[1][6]
Dalip Singh Rana (born 27 August 1972),[7] better known by the ring name The Great Khali,[1] is an Indian-born American semi-retired professional wrestler, promoter and actor best known for his time in WWE.[5]
Known for his great height, The Great Khali was described as the eighth tallest professional wrestler in history in 2014[8] and the fourth tallest wrestler in WWE history in 2017.[9] The Great Khali debuted in WWE alongside Daivari and had alliances with Ranjin Singh and Jinder Mahal, but spent most of his career as a singles wrestler and in 2007 he became WWE's World Heavyweight Champion.[5][10]
Before embarking on his professional wrestling career, he was an officer for the Punjab state police.[11] He has appeared in four Hollywood films, two Bollywood films and several television shows.[12]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Professional wrestling career
2.1 All Pro Wrestling (2000–2001)
2.2 World Championship Wrestling (2001)
2.3 New Japan Pro-Wrestling (2001–2002)
2.4 Various promotions (2002–2006)
2.5 World Wrestling Entertainment/WWE
2.5.1 Deep South Wrestling (2006)
2.5.2 Early feuds (2006–2007)
2.5.3 World Heavyweight Champion (2007–2008)
2.5.4 Punjabi Playboy (2008–2011)
2.5.5 Various alliances and final feuds (2012–2014)
2.6 Continental Wrestling Entertainment (2015–present)
2.7 Return to WWE (2017)
3 Brian Ong incident
4 Television and film
5 Personal life
6 Filmography
6.1 Film
6.2 Television
7 In wrestling
8 Championships and accomplishments
9 References
10 External links
Early life
Rana was born to Jwala Ram and his wife Tandi Devi in a Hindu family of the Dhiraina village of Himachal Pradesh's Sirmour district.[13][14]
Being one of the seven siblings of a poor family, he had to do odd jobs to make ends meet and suffers from acromegaly, which among other effects causes gigantism and chin protrusion.[15] When Rana was serving as a security guard in Shimla, he caught the eye of a police officer from the neighboring State of Punjab that—having previously helped several employees of Punjab Police to become international sportspersons—got him induced in the Punjab Police in 1993 and (though Rana was reluctant to leave Himachal Pradesh, his brother was also offered a job in the Punjab Police) once he landed in Punjab's Jalandhar, Rana trained in the local gyms to become a wrestler and soon he got selected for specialized wrestling training in the United States.[16]
Professional wrestling career
All Pro Wrestling (2000–2001)
Under the ring name Giant Singh he first became a professional wrestler for All Pro Wrestling (APW) in the United States, making his first appearance in October 2000 when teaming with Tony Jones against the West Side Playaz.[1]
World Championship Wrestling (2001)
When Rana came to San Francisco, he signed a contract with the World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and spent eight months until the WCW was bought by the rival promotion, World Wrestling Federation (WWF).[17]
New Japan Pro-Wrestling (2001–2002)
As Giant Singh, he received an offer from New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) by Team 2000 leader, Masahiro Chono, along with another big man, Giant Silva.[1] They were the tallest tag team in professional wrestling history at an average height of 7 foot 2½ inches and a combined weight of 805 pounds, teaming up for the first time at the Tokyo Dome in October when labeled as Club 7 by Chono defeated Hiroshi Tanahashi, Kenzo Suzuki, Wataru Inoue and Yutaka Yoshie in a handicap Match when Silva pinned Tanahashi and Inoue at the same time.[18] Singh suffered his first loss in a tag team match in January 2002 after Hiroyoshi Tenzan pinned him with a cradle.[19] Singh suffered another big tag defeat during March, being pinned by Manabu Nakanishi after a German suplex pin, though his most critical loss came in August at Tokyo Nippon Budokan, when after a falling out he was pinned by Silva in a singles match.[1]
Various promotions (2002–2006)
Starting in 2002, he also wrestled in the Mexican promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) and the Japanese promotion All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) until 2006, when he signed with WWE.[20]
World Wrestling Entertainment/WWE
Deep South Wrestling (2006)
The Great Khali in 2006
On 2 January 2006, Rana became the first Indian professional wrestler to be signed to a contract by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).[21] He was assigned to their developmental federation, Deep South Wrestling,[1] where he wrestled under his real name.[4]
Early feuds (2006–2007)
With Daivari as his manager, the unnamed Singh debuted on WWE television as a villain on the 7 April episode of SmackDown!, attacking The Undertaker and leaving him defenceless during his match with Mark Henry, thus causing a no contest ruling.[22] The following week on SmackDown! he was introduced as The Great Khali and Daivari explained that he finally had a client who would destroy The Undertaker (after Muhammed Hassan and Mark Henry had previously failed).[23] Khali made his in-ring debut on the 21 April episode of SmackDown!, defeating Funaki.[24]
On the 12 May episode of SmackDown!, Khali was John Bradshaw Layfield's hand-picked opponent against World Champion Rey Mysterio (Khali had a height advantage of 21 inches and a weight advantage of 250 pounds) and defeated Mysterio in a squash match.[25] In his match against The Undertaker at Judgment Day on 21 May, Khali defeated The Undertaker with a kick to the head after receiving some illegal help from Daivari.[26][27] Khali continued on a rampage for several weeks, winning handicap matches,[28] beating wrestlers up in a display of power[29][30][31] and mocking The Undertaker's signature pin and victory pose.[31]
Khali then challenged The Undertaker to a Punjabi Prison match at The Great American Bash.[32] However, Khali was not medically cleared to compete in the match and was instead replaced by Big Show, who lost the match despite Khali's interference. After he was medically cleared, Khali was challenged by The Undertaker to a Last Man Standing match at SummerSlam on 20 August.[33] The match was moved to the SmackDown! just prior to SummerSlam and was won by The Undertaker, thus giving Khali his first definite loss in WWE.[34]
Khali was accompanied by his translator and manager Ranjin Singh
The Great Khali and Daivari were moved to the ECW brand officially when they made their ECW debuts on the 31 October episode of ECW on Sci Fi, when Daivari defeated "The Reject" Shannon Moore in a very quick match.[35] Afterwards, Moore was manhandled by Khali.[35] Daivari continued his ECW winning streak over the next several weeks with The Great Khali usually following up the contest with a chokebomb on Daivari's opponent. At December to Dismember on 3 December, Daivari got a victory over Tommy Dreamer following a roll-up.[36] Dreamer then chased Daivari backstage, but Khali appeared and caught Dreamer, planting him on the steel ramp with a chokebomb.
On the 8 January 2007 episode of Raw, Jonathan Coachman announced that Khali had signed with Raw (without his manager Daivari) and would wrestle John Cena in the main event, which Khali won by disqualification after Cena took a steel chair held by Armando Estrada and hit Khali with it, though after the match he performed a chokeslam on Cena and left the ringside area, leaving Cena prone to an attack by Umaga.[37]
On the 19 February episode of Raw, Khali demanded better competition after easily defeating The Highlanders.[38] Four days later on SmackDown!, Khali interfered in a Falls Count Anywhere Money in the Bank qualifying match between Kane and King Booker by costing Kane the match,[39] leading to a feud which culminated in a match at WrestleMania 23 which Khali won In his first appearance at WrestleMania after slamming Kane with the Khali Bomb and choking him with a hook and chain at the end of the match.[40]
In 2007, Khali feuded with John Cena over the WWE Championship, a title which he never won
On the 30 April episode of Raw, Khali attacked Edge, Randy Orton and Shawn Michaels (all three top contenders to the WWE Championship at the time) backstage.[41] Khali then attacked WWE Champion John Cena as well, sending a message that he wanted Cena's title.[41] The next week on Raw, Khali defeated Michaels in a numeber one contender's match for the WWE Championship at Judgment Day.[42][43] At the event on 20 May, Khali lost via submission for the first time when tapping out to Cena's STFU, though Khali's foot was under the rope and went unnoticed by the referee.[44] The next night on Raw, Khali expressed his outrage over the outcome via his newly established translator and manager, Ranjin Singh.[45] At One Night Stand on 3 Jue, Khali lost to Cena after he was hit with an FU off a crane bed, thus marking the first time Khali had been pinned in a singles match.[46]
World Heavyweight Champion (2007–2008)
On the 11 June episode of Raw, as part of the 2007 WWE draft, Khali was drafted from Raw to SmackDown as SmackDown's first draft pick.[47] In July, Khali began a feud with Batista and the two were scheduled for a match at The Great American Bash.[48] However, because Edge vacated the World Heavyweight Championship due to a legitimate injury, a twenty-man battle royal was held for the title on the 20 July edition of SmackDown!. which Khali won after eliminating both Kane and Batista in one move, thus winning his first World Heavyweight Championship.[49] Khali dominated and defeated both Batista and Kane in a triple threat match at The Great American Bash on 22 July.[50] Khali then debuted a new finisher called the Khali Vise Grip (a two-handed clawhold) which he used to wear down Batista, Kane and Ric Flair.
At SummerSlam on 26 August, Khali lost by disqualification when he used a steel chair, but retained the title.[51] Khali then began a feud with Rey Mysterio after Mysterio won a Championship Competition to become the number one contender, leading Khali to apply his Visa Grip on Mysterio on the 7 September episode of SmackDown! until Batista came to the rescue, with SmackDown General Manager Theodore Long informing Khali that he would have to defend the World Heavyweight Championship also against Batista in a triple threat match at Unforgiven on 16 September, where Khali's 61-days reign ended after receiving a spinebuster.[52] Khali challenged Batista to a rematch in a Punjabi Prison match at No Mercy on 7 October in which Khali lost by failing to escape the Punjabi cage before Batista.[53]
In late 2007 and early 2008, Khali was put in a program with Finlay usually trying to assault Hornswoggle, but with Finlay stopping him. Khali participated in an Elimination Chamber match at No Way Out on 17 February, which was won by The Undertaker. At WrestleMania XXIV on 30 March, Khali participated in a twenty-four man battle royal to determine a challenger for ECW Champion Chavo Guerrero later that evening, but the match was won by Kane. Khali then had a short feud with Big Show, culminating in a match at Backlash on 27 April, which Big Show won.[54]
In July, Khali feuded with Triple H over the WWE Championship and on the 25 July episode of SmackDown! he won a battle royal also involving Big Show, Jeff Hardy, Montel Vontavious Porter, Mr. Kennedy and Umaga to earn the right to face Triple H at SummerSlam.[55] At the event on 17 August, Khali lost to Triple H after receiving a Pedigree. Khali was given another opportunity to win the WWE Championship when he faced Jeff Hardy to gain entry into the championship scramble at Unforgiven on 7 September, but Triple H interfered in the qualification match and aided Hardy with a chair shot to Khali, thus helping Hardy win and eliminating Khali from title contention.
Punjabi Playboy (2008–2011)
On 3 October, daredevil Johnny Knoxville aired an interview with Khali and his translator on his website, jackassworld.com, but when Knoxville asked about Khali's "taliwacker" he became upset and threatened to tip the interview table onto Knoxville.[56] Khali later invited Knoxville to attend the 13 October episode of Raw, where Knoxville was attacked by Khali, WWE Diva Beth Phoenix and Hornswoggle. Khali then took on a more fun persona and became a fan favorite when he and Ranjin Singh hosted the weekly Khali Kiss Cam, where Singh would summon ostensibly random women from the audience to kiss Khali. In May 2009, The Great Khali feuded with Dolph Ziggler, winning by disqualification after Ziggler attacked him with a steel chair.[57] As a result, Khali began coming out to the ring during and after Ziggler's matches, in attempt to gain revenge and to stop Ziggler from cheating.[58][59] Over the next few weeks, Khali lost to Ziggler by countout and disqualification after Ziggler made it look like Khali hit him with a steel chair.[60][61] At The Bash onn 28 June, Khali lost to Ziggler by pinfall after Kane returned and attacked Khali.[62] It was later revealed that Ranjin Singh was Khali's brother, while the feud with Kane resulted in matches at SummerSlam on 23 August and Breaking Point on 13 September, both of which Khali lost.[63][64]
Khali required knee surgery and Kane assaulted him with the ring steps during a match so Khali could have time off.[65] Whilst injured, Khali made a surprise appearance alongside Ranjin Singh, Ozzy Osbourne and his wife Sharon on the 2 November episode of Raw as a judge for the Raw's Got Talent segment, in which he hit Chavo Guerrero with a chop.[66][67] Khali made his official return on the 14 December episode of Raw, teaming with Christian and Kane to defeat Ezekiel Jackson, Vladimir Kozlov and William Regal.
On the 2 April episode of SmackDown it was announced that Khali would take time off to spend time with his family and regroup his thoughts back in India, but he made an appearance as Khaluber (Khali dressed as MacGruber) on the 19 April Raw by teaming up with special guest host Will Forte (as MacGruber) in a handicap match against Vladimir Kozlov which they won by intentional countout.[68][69] As part of the 2010 WWE supplemental draft, Khali and Ranjin Singh were both drafted back to the Raw brand.[70] After returning from his hiatus the previous month, Khali was announced by John Cena to be a part of his team along with Bret Hart, Chris Jericho, Edge, John Morrison and R-Truth to face The Nexus at SummerSlam on 15 August, but on the 9 August episode of Raw he was assaulted and injured by The Nexus, thus removing him from the match. Following the attack, Khali took another hiatus to compete in Big Boss, in which he was the runner up on.
Khali made his return at the 2011 Royal Rumble, but was eliminated shortly by Mason Ryan. On the 14 March episode of Raw, after Khali defeated The Miz by disqualification, Miz assaulted Khali with a steel chair, injuring him. Khali won an interbrand dark match battle royal at WrestleMania XXVII on 3 April.[71] On 26 April, Khali was drafted back to SmackDown as part of the 2011 supplemental draft. Khali returned on the 29 April episode of SmackDown, talking backstage with Jinder Mahal, who made his WWE debut that night. On the 2 May episode of Raw, Khali dressed up as the Tooth Fairy at The Rock's birthday party. On the 6 May episode of SmackDown, Mahal—unimpressed by how Khali and Ranjin Singh have been partaking in childish activities instead of winning matches—confronted Singh about his mismanagement of Khali. Mahal then interrupted a Khali Kiss Cam segment the following week on SmackDown, slapping Khali twice. On the 20 May episode of SmackDown, Mahal interrupted Khali's match against Jey Uso, which led to Khali leaving the ring to confront Mahal, who then slapped Khali again, which made Khali re-enter the ring, defeat Jey Uso and then assault Jimmy Uso after the match.
On the 27 May episode of SmackDown, after being defeated by Kane, Mahal came out and shoved Ranjin Singh and then Khali used his Vise Grip on Singh, thus forming an alliance with Mahal and acting as Mahal's bodyguard, assaulting Mahal's opponent's after his matches. On the 1 July edition of SmackDown, Ranjin Singh revealed that Mahal was their brother-in-law and that if Khali did not obey Mahal, then he would divorce Khali's sister and put his family back into poverty. On the 9 September episode of SmackDown, Khali and Mahal went against WWE Tag Team Champions Air Boom (Evan Bourne and Kofi Kingston) in a losing effort after Khali pushed Mahal, allowing Kingston to hit his finishing move onto Mahal and after the match he walked away from Mahal, thus endinng their alliance.[72] On the 23 September episode of SmackDown, Khali defeated Mahal. On the 30 September episode of SmackDown, Khali was defeated by World Heavyweight Champion Mark Henry, who after the match "fractured" Khali's fibula with a steel chair.
Various alliances and final feuds (2012–2014)
Khali at a WWE live event in 2013
On 29 January 2012, Khali returned to WWE at the Royal Rumble as the number 15 entrant in the Royal Rumble match, eliminating Ezekiel Jackson and Jinder Mahal before being eliminated by Cody Rhodes and Dolph Ziggler.[73] Khali returned on the 3 February episode of SmackDown, saving Justin Gabriel from Rhodes, Hunico and Hunico's bodyguard Camacho, then being announced as the replacement to Mark Henry in the SmackDown Elimination Chamber match for the World Heavyweight Championship at the Elimination Chamber pay-per-view event.[74] At Elimination Chamber on 19 February, Khali failed to capture the World Heavyweight Championship after being eliminated first by Big Show.[75] On the 23 March episode of SmackDown, Khali was added to Theodore Long's WrestleMania XXVIII team, but they were defeated by John Laurinaitis' team on April 1.[76] In July it was announced that Khali was undergoing surgery for a benign tumor found in his pituitary gland due to acromegaly.[77][78] Khali returned at the SmackDown tapings on 16 October in a match taped for Saturday Morning Slam.[79]
On the 26 December episode of Main Event, Khali won a 20-man battle royal to become the number one contender to the United States Championship.[80] Khali received his title shot on the 2 January 2013 episode of Main Event, but was defeated by defending champion Antonio Cesaro.[81] In late 2013, Khali began teaming with Santino Marella and resumed being managed by Hornswoggle after they defeated Heath Slater and Jinder Mahal on the 27 September episode of SmackDown, but at Battleground on 6 October they were defeated by Cesaro and Jack Swagger. On 27 January 2013, Khali participated in the Royal Rumble match, but was eliminated by The Shield.
At WrestleMania XXX on 6 April, Khali competed in the André the Giant Memorial battle royal, but failed to win. Khali participated in the Intercontinental Championship battle royal at Battleground on 20 July, but the match was won by The Miz. On the 31 October episode of SmackDown, Khali was defeated by Rusev in what would be his final match in WWE until 2017, as on 13 November his contract expired and he left WWE.[82]
Continental Wrestling Entertainment (2015–present)
In February 2015, Khali opened his own wrestling school in Punjab, the Continental Wrestling Entertainment, which held its first event on 12 December 2015.[83]
Return to WWE (2017)
On 23 July 2017, Khali returned to WWE at Battleground as a villain to assist WWE Champion Jinder Mahal in a Punjabi Prison match for the WWE Championship by preventing Randy Orton from escaping the structure, allowing Mahal to escape and retain the title.[84][85][86] Khali's profile was briefly listed on WWE's active roster on WWE.com, but was shortly removed and indicated Khali's appearance was a one-time occurrence.[5]
Brian Ong incident
Khali during a Peace Rally in Mumbai on 20 November 2011
On 28 May 2001, Brian Ong died after receiving a flapjack from Singh.[1] Ong had suffered a previous concussion during the session, but the trainers gave him a lower evaluation for not avoiding injuries and told him to continue training. In addition, it was proven that Ong did not receive protective gear or supervision by All Pro Wrestling (APW) staff and this second concussion ultimately proved fatal for him. As Singh inadvertently caused his death, Ong's family brought a lawsuit against APW.[1] APW was found liable for recklessness after less than a day of deliberations, awarding the Ong family for damages of over $1.3 million.[1]
Television and film
From October 2010 until the final in January 2011, Khali appeared on the television reality show Bigg Boss, on which he finished as first runner-up. The show made special arrangements only for Khali, including a custom-made bed to fit him.[87] In March 2011, Khali had a brief cameo in episode 18 of NBC's Outsourced, and appeared on the Disney Channel TV program Pair of Kings as Atog, a rock-smashing giant, in the episode "Fight School".[88]
Personal life
Rana is a Hindu[89] and has been described as "extremely religious".[2][90] He meditates every day and "abhors" alcohol and tobacco.[91] He was a disciple of Indian spiritual guru Ashutosh Maharaj.[92]
Rana suggested the ring name The Great Khali after the Hindu goddess Kali, who is associated with eternal energy.[21]
Rana's training schedule consists of two hours of weight training, morning and evening, every day, but his diet is unclear, as in some interviews it was claimed he maintains his size on a vegetarian diet[93] and in other interviews it was claimed he consumes vast quantities of chicken.[94] However, he has clarified that he loves vegetarian food, but also consumes meat.[95]
On 26 July 2012 it was reported that Rana underwent a brain surgery due to a tumor on his pituitary gland.[96]
Rana became a naturalized U.S. citizen on 20 February 2014.[97]
Filmography
Film
Year
Title
Role
2005 The Longest Yard Turley
2008 Get Smart Dalip
2010 MacGruber Tug Phelps
2010 Kushti Ramakrishna
2010 Ramaa: The Saviour Vali
2012 HOUBA! On the Trail of the Marsupilami Bolo
Television
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2010 Bigg Boss Himself Season 4 runner-up
2011 Outsourced Fantasy Rajiv Season 1, episode 18
2012 Pair of Kings Atog the Giant Episode: "Fight School"
In wrestling
Finishing moves
Chokeslam[98] – 2000–2006
Punjabi Plunge/Khali Bomb[99] (Two-handed chokeslam) – 2006–2014
Giant Bomb[100] (Powerbomb) – 2000–2006
Khali Chop[101] (Brain chop)[102]
Khali Vise Grip[103][104] (Two-handed clawhold) – 2007–2011
Signature moves
Big boot, sometimes to an oncoming opponent[105]
Clothesline[42]
Fallaway slam[98]
Military press drop[4]
Nerve hold[42]
Scoop slam[105]
Short-arm clothesline[105]
Slap to a cornered opponent's chest, sometimes onto a charging or diving opponent[105]
Vertical suplex[98]
Managers
Daivari[citation needed]
Hornswoggle[citation needed]
Masahiro Chono[citation needed]
Natalya[citation needed]
Ranjin Singh[106]
Nicknames
"The Punjabi Monster"[citation needed]
"The Punjabi Nightmare"[citation needed]
"The Punjabi Playboy"[citation needed]
"The Punjabi Titan"[107]
Entrance themes
"Da.ngr" by Jim Johnston (2006–2008; 2011)[108][not in citation given]
"Land of Five Rivers" by Panjabi MC[109] (2008–2011; 2012–2014)[110]
"Main Yash Hun" by Jim Johnston (2011; used while accompanying Jinder Mahal)[111]
"Sher (Lion)" by Jim Johnston (23 July 2017; used while accompanying Jinder Mahal)[112]
Championships and accomplishments
The Great Khali as the World Heavyweight Champion
Continental Wrestling Entertainment
CWE Heavyweight Championship (2 times)[113][114]
New Japan Pro-Wrestling
Teisen Hall Six-Man Tournament (2002) – with Masahiro Chono and Giant Silva[115]
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
Ranked 83 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2008[116]
Wrestling Observer Newsletter
Most Overrated (2007)[117]
Worst Gimmick (2008)[117]
World Wrestling Entertainment
World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)[10]
Slammy Award for "Damn!" Moment of the Year (2008) Khali Kiss Cam[118]
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Jump up ^ McNamara, Andy (22 May 2009). "Smackdown: Edge talks tough, but Hardy delivers". Slam! Sports. Canadian Online Explorer. Retrieved 6 January 2010.
Jump up ^ Waldman, Jon (13 June 2009). "Smackdown: Contenders and conflict". Slam! Sports. Canadian Online Explorer. Retrieved 6 January 2010.
Jump up ^ McNamara, Andy (19 June 2009). "Smackdown: Jericho outsmarts Mysterio". Slam! Sports. Canadian Online Explorer. Retrieved 6 January 2010.
Jump up ^ Elliott, Brian (29 June 2009). "Mysterio & Jericho save The Bash from wash-out". Slam! Sports. Canadian Online Explorer. Retrieved 27 July 2009.
Jump up ^ Raymond, Katie A. (2009-08-23). "Results:Diabolical destruction". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2009-08-23.
Jump up ^ Raymond, Katie A. (23 August 2009) Results: Diabolical destruction. WWE.
Jump up ^ "The Great Khali Keen surgery". PWTorch. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
Jump up ^ Plummer, Dale (3 November 2007). "RAW: Superstars ride a Crazy Train with Ozzy". Slam! Sports. Canadian Online Explorer. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
Jump up ^ "Jerishow punish Cena on RAW". Sky Sports. 2009-12-03. Retrieved 2009-12-24.
Jump up ^ Gardner, James (2010-04-20). "MacGruber to the Rescue for Ash Kicked WWE". NBC New York. Retrieved 2010-05-10.
Jump up ^ Steinberg, Jacques (2010-05-09). "Celebrity Guest Hosts Find Fans, and Some Fun, in ‘Raw’s’ Ring". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-05-10.
Jump up ^ "2010 WWE Supplemental Draft results". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Results:The Great Khali won the Over-the-Top-Rope WrestleMania Battle Royal". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2011-04-05.
Jump up ^ Burdick, Michael. "SmackDown results: From dreamer to something meaner". WWE.
Jump up ^ Caldwell, James. "Caldwell's WWE Royal Rumble report 1/29: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of live PPV - Rumble match, Punk-Ziggler, Cena-Kane, steel cage". Pro Wrestling Torch. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Melok, Bobby (3 February 2012) SmackDown Elimination Chamber Match. WWE.
Jump up ^ Giannini, Alex (19 February 2012). "World Heavyweight Champion Daniel Bryan won the SmackDown Elimination Chamber Match". WWE. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Burdick, Michael (23 March 2012). "Zack def Swagger". WWE. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "WWE News: ABC News report - What led to Great Khali's tumor surgery, can he wrestle again?, WWE at fault?".
Jump up ^ Harish, Alon (29 July 2012). "WWE Star Great Khali's Growth-Inducing Tumor Removed". ABC News.
Jump up ^ "WWE News: Wrestler returns to the ring following a medical leave".
Jump up ^ "CUPACH'S WWE MAIN EVENT RESULTS 12/26: Who won a Battle Royal to face Cesaro next week?, 3MB in "main event" slot".
Jump up ^ "CUPACH'S WWE MAIN EVENT RESULTS 1/2: Cesaro defends U.S. Title, Punk's Raw status confirmed, Barrett runs the gauntlet, next week's Main Event announced (w/Box Score)".
Jump up ^ "GREAT KHALI UPDATE | PWInsider.com". pwinsider.com.
Jump up ^ "FORMER WWE STAR PRODUCES FIRST ALL-INDIAN WRESTLING PRODUCTION IN INDIA". PWInsider.com.
Jump up ^ "The Great Khali makes a shocking return during the Punjabi Prison Match". WWE. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Benigno, Anthony. "WWE Champion Jinder Mahal def. Randy Orton (Punjabi Prison Match)". WWE. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Powell, Jason. "7/23 Powell's WWE Battleground Live Review: Jinder Mahal vs. Randy Orton in a Punjabi Prison match for the WWE Championship, AJ Styles vs. Kevin Owens for the U.S. Championship, John Cena vs. Rusev in a flag match". Pro Wrestling Dot Net. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
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Jump up ^ Medalis, Kara A. (16 April 2011) The Great Khali on "Pair of Kings". WWE
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Jump up ^ "Great Khali Appreciates Iskon", Iskcon Mauritius, 16 March 2011, Archive
Jump up ^ Guha-Ray, Shantanu. "Giant wrestler finds fame in India", BBC News, 6 May 2008, Archive
Jump up ^ "The man who made the Great Khali". dna.
Jump up ^ "BBC NEWS - South Asia - Giant wrestler finds fame in India". bbc.co.uk.
Jump up ^ t2 (25 May 2010). "Gentle Giant". The Telegraph, Calcutta, India. p. 1. Archived from the original on 25 May 2010. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
Jump up ^ Balderson, Keelan; Rajat Sharma (22 February 2010). "Great Khali Debeats With Indian Media About How Fake Wrestling Is". www.wrestlingtruth.com. p. 1. Archived from the original on 22 February 2010. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
Jump up ^ "Wrestling star Great Khali has tumor removed at UPMC". TribLIVE. 2012-07-26. Retrieved 2014-03-07.
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^ Jump up to: a b c "Giant Singh". Puroresu Central. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
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Jump up ^ Passero, Mitch. "SmackDown results: At your best". WWE. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Campbell, Brandon. "Circle of Champions: The Great Khali grants his first Wish". WWE. Retrieved 2 November 2008.
Jump up ^ "Get a Grip". WWE. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Can you name these submission moves?: photos". WWE. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Trionfo, Richard (20 February 2013). "WWE MAIN EVENT REPORT: BIG SHOW THINS OUT THE LOCKER ROOM; GABRIEL VS. O'NEIL; AND MORE". PWInsider. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "SmackDown! results – 10 August 2007". WWE.com. Retrieved 26 September 2007.
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Jump up ^ "Desi Radio, Videos and MP3s, Bollywood Hindi Songs, Bhangra Music and Podcasts at Desi Hits.com". desihits.com.
Jump up ^ "WWE: The Music Vol 9 CD". wweshop.com. Retrieved 5 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "WWE: Main Yash Hun (Jinder Mahal) - Single". iTunes. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sher (Lion)". iTunes. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "In pics: 'The Great Khali' bounces back from injury to win in Dehradun". Dehradun: Hindustan Times. 29 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Great Khali, foreign wrestlers entertain audience in Ludhiana". Dehradun: Hindustan Times. 7 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "New Japan Pro Wrestling tournaments".
Jump up ^ "Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2008". Retrieved 4 February 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Meltzer, Dave (January 26, 2011). "Biggest issue of the year: The 2011 Wrestling Observer Newsletter Awards Issue". Wrestling Observer Newsletter. Campbell, CA: 1–40. ISSN 1083-9593.
Jump up ^ "Slammy Award Winners". World Wrestling Entertainment. 8 December 2008. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
External links
Professional wrestling portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Great Khali.
The Great Khali on WWE.com
Dalip Singh on IMDb
The Great Khali's profile at Cagematch.net, Wrestlingdata.com, Internet Wrestling Database
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Waste minimisation
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Minimisation.
Waste hierarchy. Refusing, reducing, reusing, recycling and composting allow to reduce waste.
Waste minimisation is a process of elimination that involves reducing the amount of waste produced in society and helps to eliminate the generation of harmful and persistent wastes, supporting the efforts to promote a more sustainable society.[1] Waste minimisation involves redesigning products and/or changing societal patterns, concerning consumption and production, of waste generation, to prevent the creation of waste.[2]
The most environmentally resourceful, economically efficient, and cost effective way to manage waste is to not have to address the problem in the first place. Waste minimisation should be seen as a primary focus for most waste management strategies. Proper waste management can require a significant amount of time and resources; therefore, it is important to understand the benefits of waste minimisation and how it can be implemented in all sectors of the economy, in an effective, safe and sustainable manner.[2]
The basic concept behind waste management is the waste hierarchy, where the most effective approaches to managing waste are at the top. Waste management is in contrast to waste minimisation. Waste management focuses on processing waste after it is created, concentrating on re-use, recycling, and waste-to-energy conversion rather than eliminating the creation of waste in the initial phases of production.[2] Waste minimisation involves efforts to minimize resource and energy use during manufacture. For the same commercial output, usually the less materials are used, the less waste is produced. Waste minimisation usually requires knowledge of the production process, cradle-to-grave analysis (the tracking of materials from their extraction to their return to earth) and detailed knowledge of the composition of the waste.
The main sources of waste vary from country to country. In the UK, most waste comes from the construction and demolition of buildings, followed by mining and quarrying, industry and commerce.[3] Household waste constitutes a relatively small proportion of all waste. Reasons for the creation of waste sometimes include requirements in the supply chain. For example, a company handling a product may insist that it should be packaged using particular packing because it fits its packaging equipment.
Contents
[hide]
1 Benefits
2 Industries
3 Processes
3.1 Product design
3.1.1 Fitting the intended use
3.1.2 Durability
4 Households
5 Health-care facilities
5.1 Practices
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Benefits[edit]
Waste minimisation can protect the environment and provide good economic and business practices. Waste minimisation can improve:[1]
Efficient production practices. Waste minimisation can achieve more output of product per unit of input of raw materials.
Economic returns. More efficient use of products means reduced costs of purchasing new materials improving the financial performance of a company.
Public image. The environmental profile of a company is an important part of its overall reputation and waste minimisation reflects a proactive movement towards environmental protection.
Quality of products produced. New innovation and technological practices can reduce waste generation and improve the quality of the inputs in the production phase.
Environmental responsibility. Minimising or eliminating waste generation makes it easier to meet targets of environmental regulations, policies, and standards. The environmental impact of waste will be reduced.
Industries[edit]
In industries, using more efficient manufacturing processes and better materials will generally reduce the production of waste. The application of waste minimisation techniques has led to the development of innovative and commercially successful replacement products. Waste minimisation has proven benefits to industry and the wider environment. It helps in value creation and increase quality of work.
Waste minimisation often requires investment, which is usually compensated by the savings. However, waste reduction in one part of the production process may create waste production in another part.
There are government incentives for waste minimisation, which focus on the environmental benefits of adopting waste minimisation strategies. In the UK, several pilot schemes such as The Catalyst Project and the Dee Waste Minimisation Project, have shown the efficacy of such policies. Fourteen companies in Merseyside took part in the Catalyst Project; the project generated overall savings of £9 million and landfill waste was reduced by 12,000 tonnes per year.[citation needed]
Processes[edit]
Resource optimization
Minimising the amount of waste produced by organisations or individuals goes hand-in-hand with optimizing their use of raw materials. For example, a dressmaker may arrange pattern pieces on a length of fabric in a particular way to enable the garment to be cut out from the smallest area of fabric.
Reuse of scrap material
Scraps can be immediately re-incorporated at the beginning of the manufacturing line so that they do not become a waste product. Many industries routinely do this; for example, paper mills return any damaged rolls to the beginning of the production line, and in the manufacture of plastic items, off-cuts and scrap are re-incorporated into new products.
Improved quality control and process monitoring
Steps can be taken to ensure that the number of reject batches is kept to a minimum. This is achieved by increasing the frequency of inspection and the number of points of inspection. For example, installing automated continuous monitoring equipment can help to identify production problems at an early stage.
Waste exchanges
This is where the waste product of one process becomes the raw material for a second process. Waste exchanges represent another way of reducing waste disposal volumes for waste that cannot be eliminated.
Ship to point of use
This involves making deliveries of incoming raw materials or components direct to the point where they are assembled or used in the manufacturing process to minimise handling and the use of protective wrappings or enclosures.
Zero waste
This is a whole systems approach that aims to eliminate waste at the source and at all points down the supply chain, with the intention of producing no waste. It is a design philosophy which emphasizes waste prevention as opposed to end of pipe waste management.[4]
Product design[edit]
Waste minimisation and resource maximisation for manufactured products can most easily be done at the design stage. Reducing the number of components used in a product or making the product easier to take apart can make it easier to be repaired or recycled at the end of its useful life.
In some cases, it may be best not to minimise the volume of raw materials used to make a product, but instead reduce the volume or toxicity of the waste created at the end of a product's life, or the environmental impact of the product's use. (See section Durability).
Fitting the intended use[edit]
In this strategy, products and packages are optimally designed to meet their intended use. This applies especially to packaging materials, which should only be as durable as necessary to serve their intended purpose. On the other hand, it could be more wasteful if food, which has consumed resources and energy in its production, is damaged and spoiled because of extreme measures to reduce the use of paper, metals, glass and plastics in its packaging.
Durability[edit]
Improving product durability, such as extending a vacuum cleaner's useful life to 15 years instead of 12, can reduce waste and usually much improves resource optimisation.
But in some cases it has a negative environmental impact. If a product is too durable, its replacement with more efficient technology is likely to be delayed. For example, a washing machine produced 10 years ago may use twice as much water, detergent and energy as one produced today.[citation needed] Therefore, extending an older machine's useful life may place a heavier burden on the environment than scrapping it, recycling its metal and buying a new model. Similarly, older vehicles consume more fuel and produce more emissions than their modern counterparts.
Most proponents of waste minimisation consider that the way forward may be to view any manufactured product at the end of its useful life as a resource for recycling and reuse rather than waste.[citation needed] Recycling a product is easier if it is constructed of fewer materials. Car manufacturers have recently reduced the number of plastics used in their cars from twenty or more to three or four,[citation needed] hence simplifying the recovery of plastics from scrapped cars. However, exceptions (like having a combination of paper and plastic or plastic coating on glass) do exist, and might enable a product to fulfill its role with the minimum of resources.
Making refillable glass bottles strong enough to withstand several journeys between the consumer and the bottling plant requires making them thicker and so heavier, which increases the resources required to transport them. Since transport has a large environmental impact, careful evaluation is required of the number of return journeys bottles make. If a refillable bottle is thrown away after being refilled only several times, the resources wasted may be greater than if the bottle had been designed for a single journey..
Many choices involve trade-offs of environmental impact, and often there is insufficient information to make informed decisions.
Households[edit]
This section details some waste minimisation techniques for householders.
Appropriate amounts and sizes can be chosen when purchasing goods; buying large containers of paint for a small decorating job or buying larger amounts of food than can be consumed create unnecessary waste. Also, if a pack or can is to be thrown away, any remaining contents must be removed before the container can be recycled.[5]
Home composting, the practice of turning kitchen and garden waste into compost can be considered waste minimisation.
The resources that households use can be reduced considerably by using electricity thoughtfully (e.g. turning off lights and equipment when it is not needed) and by reducing the number of car journeys made. Individuals can reduce the amount of waste they create by buying fewer products and by buying products which last longer. Mending broken or worn items of clothing or equipment also contributes to minimising household waste. Individuals can minimise their water usage, and walk or cycle to their destination rather than using their car to save fuel and cut down emissions.
In a domestic situation, the potential for minimisation is often dictated by lifestyle. Some people may view it as wasteful to purchase new products solely to follow fashion trends when the older products are still usable. Adults working full-time have little free time, and so may have to purchase more convenient foods that require little preparation, or prefer disposable nappies if there is a baby in the family.
The amount of waste an individual produces is a small portion of all waste produced by society, and personal waste reduction can only make a small impact on overall waste volumes. Yet, influence on policy can be exerted in other areas. Increased consumer awareness of the impact and power of certain purchasing decisions allows industry and individuals to change the total resource consumption. Consumers can influence manufacturers and distributors by avoiding buying products that do not have eco-labelling, which is currently not mandatory, or choosing products that minimise the use of packaging. In the UK, PullApart combines both environmental and consumer packaging surveys, in a curbside packaging recycling classification system to minimise waste. Where reuse schemes are available, consumers can be proactive and use them.
Health-care facilities[edit]
Health-care establishments are massive producers of waste.[6] The major sources of health-care waste are: hospitals, laboratories and research centres, mortuary and autopsy centres, animal research and testing laboratories, blood banks and collection services, and nursing homes for the elderly.[6]
Waste minimisation can offer many opportunities to these establishments to use fewer resources, be less wasteful and generate less hazardous waste. Good management and control practices among health-care facilities can have a significant effect on the reduction of waste generated each day.
Practices[edit]
There are many examples of more efficient practices that can encourage waste minimization in healthcare establishments and research facilities[7]
Source reduction
Purchasing reductions which ensures the selection of supplies that are less wasteful or less hazardous.
The use of physical rather than chemical cleaning methods such as steam disinfection instead of chemical disinfection.
Preventing the unnecessary wastage of products in nursing and cleaning activities.
Management and control measures at hospital level
Centralized purchasing of hazardous chemicals.
Monitoring the flow of chemicals within the health care facility from receipt as a raw material to disposal as a hazardous waste.
The careful separation of waste matter to help minimize the quantities of hazardous waste and disposal.
Stock management of chemical and pharmaceutical products
Frequent ordering of relatively small quantities rather than large quantities at one time.
Using the oldest batch of a product first to avoid expiration dates and unnecessary waste.
Using all the contents of a container containing hazardous waste.
Checking the expiry date of all products at the time of delivery.
See also[edit]
Cleaner production
Eco-action
European Week for Waste Reduction
Food waste
Life-cycle assessment
List of waste management acronyms
Miniwaste
Pre-waste
Recycle
Reuse
Source reduction
Waste hierarchy
Waste management
Zero waste
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b United States Environmental Protection Agency. It should come before reusing and reducing. (2012). "Waste-Hazardous Waste-Waste Minimisation". Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/waste/hazard/wastemin/index.htm. External link in |publisher= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b c Davidson, G. (2011). "Waste Management Practices: Literature Review". Retrieved from https://www.dal.ca/content/dam/dalhousie/pdf/sustainability/Waste%20Management%20Literature%20Review%20Final%20June%202011%20(1.49%20MB).pdf. External link in |publisher= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
Jump up ^ ROYAL COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION: Urban Environment 2007
Jump up ^ Dickinson, J. & Snow, W.K. (2001). "The end of waste: Zero Waste by 2020" (PDF).
Jump up ^ Removing food remains to reduce waste
^ Jump up to: a b WHO (2011). "Waste from Health Care facilities Fact Sheet No 253".
Jump up ^ WHO (2014). "Waste minimization, recycling and reuse" (PDF).
External links[edit]
The Green Organisation's website, homepage.
The EU Pre-waste project website, homepage.
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