text:
I Am Not a Robot
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Not to be confused with reCAPTCHA.
"I Am Not a Robot"
Single by Marina and the Diamonds
from the album The Family Jewels
Released
23 April 2010 (2010-04-23)
Format
CD single
digital download
7"
Recorded
2009; The Ivory Tower
Konk Studios (London)
Genre
Indie pop
baroque pop
Length
3:32
Label
679
Songwriter(s)
Marina Diamandis
Producer(s)
Liam Howe
Marina and the Diamonds singles chronology
"Hollywood"
(2010) "I Am Not a Robot"
(2010) "Oh No!"
(2010)
"Hollywood"
(2010) "I Am Not a Robot"
(2010) "Oh No!"
(2010)
Music video
"I Am Not a Robot" on YouTube
"I Am Not a Robot" is a song by Welsh recording artist Marina and the Diamonds from her debut studio album, The Family Jewels (2010). It was released digitally on 23 April 2010 and physically on 26 April 2010 as the album's third single.[1][2] The track originally appeared on Diamandis's second extended play, The Crown Jewels EP (2009). The single was added to BBC Radio 1's A List in April 2010.[3] A choral version of "I Am Not a Robot" was used in an advertisement for British healthcare provider Bupa in March 2011.[4] Additionally, "I Am Not a Robot" was heavily sampled by Hoodie Allen in his debut single "You Are Not A Robot" in 2010.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Critical reception
3 Music video
4 Track listings
5 Personnel
6 Charts
7 References
Background[edit]
In an interview with Wales Online, Diamandis stated, "['I Am Not a Robot'] was me singing to myself. It's me saying, stop being so ridiculous, you can't let having a fear of failing hold you back and you're just one person. It's connected with a lot of people. I knew that would happen when I was writing it. I had a funny feeling."[5]
Diamandis said that she decided to release "I Am Not a Robot" as a single because "people seem to empathize and relate with the song, regardless of gender or age."[2]
Critical reception[edit]
Gareth James from Clash named "I Am Not a Robot" "one of 2009's best singles", calling it "an infectious pop track featuring a unique vocal with more fluctuations than Florence sat on a washing machine."[6] Alexis Petridis from The Guardian commented that "the lovely delicacy of 'I Am Not a Robot''s tune is easy to miss when there's a woman doing Dalek voices over the top of it. Such are the dangers of trying a little too hard."[7] John Murphy from musicOMH praised the song saying it "shows a pleasing touch of vulnerability which works very well."[8] Diamandis was also praised following a performance of the song on BBC Radio 1's Live Lounge on 23 April 2010.[9]
Music video[edit]
Diamandis in the music video for "I Am Not a Robot"
The music video for "I Am Not a Robot" was directed by Rankin & Chris Cottam and was released onto YouTube on 24 June 2009. The music video features Diamandis in five scenes: one with her covered in black oil and glitter, one made-up in black, green and pink body paint, one with diamond lips and eyelids, one with the green, pink, and black body paint smeared, and lastly just her as her normal self. Each sequence shows Diamandis in the centre of the screen with either a starry, grey, white or black background whilst singing to the camera. Diamandis explained in an interview on Scott Mills's BBC Radio 1 show that the black oil reacted to her skin and it took forty minutes to rub off. It also took her eighteen hours to get all of her make-up done for the video.[10]
An alternative version of the video was shot on Los Angeles' Hollywood Boulevard and released on 14 April 2010.[11] The music video starts with an unfocused view of headlights on a road. It zooms out to show Diamandis with white painted hair, and a white dress with one feathered sleeve, on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Diamandis walks down the street while singing the song, and blurred-face bystanders around her make way, stare, or go their way. Near the end, the camera shows Diamandis's white heels and white paint on her legs. At the end, Diamandis laughs, the camera follows her, and reveals the camera crew and the window of a shop.
Track listings[edit]
UK CD single[12]
"I Am Not a Robot" – 3:35
"I Am Not a Robot" (Doorly Remix) – 5:20
UK iTunes EP[1]
"I Am Not a Robot" – 3:32
"I Am Not a Robot Flex'd Rework" (Passion Pit Remix) – 4:47
"I Am Not a Robot" (Clock Opera Remix) – 4:35
"I Am Not a Robot" (Doorly Remix) – 5:18
"I Am Not a Robot" (Acoustic) – 3:48
UK 7" single[13]
A. "I Am Not a Robot" – 3:35
B. "I Am Not a Robot Flex'd Rework" (Passion Pit Remix) – 4:54
UK limited edition 7" single in autographed envelope sleeve[14]
A. "I Am Not a Robot" – 3:35
B. "I Am Not a Robot" (Clock Opera Remix) – 4:39
Personnel[edit]
Credits adapted from CD single liner notes.[12]
Marina Diamandis – vocals, glockenspiel, piano
Chris Allan – cello
Guy Davie – mastering
Alison Dods – violin
Steve Durham – drums
Liam Howe – bass, Mellotron, mixing, Philicorda, production, programming, synths
Dougal Lott – assistant engineering
Mat Maitland – sleeve art
Calina de la Mere – violin
Rankin – portrait
Rachel Robson – viola
Lucy Shaw – double bass, string arrangements
Richard Wilkinson – engineering
Charts[edit]
Chart (2010)
Peak
position
Belgium (Ultratip Flanders)[15]
21
Belgium (Ultratip Wallonia)[16]
8
Norway (VG-lista)[17]
6
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[18]
11
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[19]
26
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "I Am Not a Robot – EP by Marina and The Diamonds". iTunes Store UK. Apple. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "I Am Not a Robot Will Be Marina's Next Single in the UK!". marinaandthediamonds.com. 12 March 2010. Archived from the original on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2010.
Jump up ^ "BBC – Radio 1 – Playlist". BBC Radio 1. Archived from the original on 19 April 2010. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Brownsell, Alex (8 March 2011). "Bupa shifts strategy to promote service range". Marketing Magazine. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Rees, Claire (21 March 2010). "Marina and the Diamonds gives herself a telling-off in song". Wales Online. Retrieved 23 March 2010.
Jump up ^ James, Gareth (8 February 2010). "Marina and the Diamonds – The Family Jewels". Clash. Retrieved 8 April 2010.
Jump up ^ Petridis, Alexis (18 February 2010). "Marina and the Diamonds: The Family Jewels". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 April 2010.
Jump up ^ Murphy, John (22 February 2010). "Marina & The Diamonds – The Family Jewels". musicOMH. Retrieved 8 April 2010.
Jump up ^ "Live Lounge – Marina and The Diamonds". BBC Radio 1. 23 April 2010. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Chris Moyles Show with Scott Mills, Wednesday - Marina off've the Diamonds". BBC Radio 1. 7 April 2010. Retrieved 8 April 2010.
Jump up ^ "Marina and the Diamonds | "I Am Not a Robot" L.A". YouTube. 14 April 2010. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "I Am Not a Robot" (UK CD single liner notes). Marina and the Diamonds. 679 Recordings. 2010. 679L173CD.
Jump up ^ "Hollywood" (UK 7" single liner notes). Marina and the Diamonds. 679 Recordings. 2010. 679L173.
Jump up ^ "Hollywood" (UK limited edition 7" single liner notes). Marina and the Diamonds. 679 Recordings. 2010. 679L173X.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Marina & The Diamonds – I Am Not A Robot" (in Dutch). Ultratip.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Marina & The Diamonds – I Am Not A Robot" (in French). Ultratip.
Jump up ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Marina & The Diamonds – I Am Not A Robot". VG-lista.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Marina & The Diamonds – I Am Not A Robot". Singles Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
[hide]
v
t
e
Marina and the Diamonds
Discography
Studio albums
The Family Jewels
Electra Heart
Froot
Songs
"Mowgli's Road"
"Hollywood"
"I Am Not a Robot"
"Oh No!"
"Shampain"
"Radioactive"
"Primadonna"
"Power & Control"
"How to Be a Heartbreaker"
"Froot"
"Happy"
"I'm a Ruin"
"Forget"
"Blue"
"Disconnect"
Concert tours
The Family Jewels Tour
The Lonely Hearts Club Tour
Neon Nature Tour
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Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway
Author
Jeff Kinney
Country
United States
Language
English
Series
Diary of a Wimpy Kid
Genre
Children's novel
Graphic Novel
Publisher
Amulet Books (US)
Puffin Books (UK)
Publication date
November 7, 2017 (Worldwide)
Media type
Print (hardcover)
Pages
217 story pages (224 altogether)
ISBN
978-1-4197-2545-6
Preceded by
Double Down
Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway is the twelfth book in the Diary of a Wimpy Kid series by Jeff Kinney. The book was unveiled during the 2017 Diary of a Wimpy Kid Virtually Live Event which was live streamed via YouTube as part of the 10th anniversary of the first book.[1] The book was published and released on November 7, 2017.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Release date
3 Reception
4 References
Plot[edit]
After many frustrations, Greg Heffley’s parents decide to skip Christmas and travel by plane to Isla De Corales, the hotel they stayed at while on their honeymoon much to Greg's dismay.
On Christmas Eve they drive to the airport, but are delayed by a series of mishaps. They encounter holiday traffic but arrive at the airport. As they fail to unload in time at the drop off zone, Frank and Greg have to return later with the luggage. Greg steps in a slush puddle and they end up missing the shuttle.
In the airport, the family's suitcases are too heavy, so they stuff some clothes into their carry on baggage. They enter the line for security, but a child unclips a barrier separating the lines, and everybody gets scrambled. They go through security and are delayed again by somebody who has to remove all of his piercings. Manny then gets his toy stuck in an escalator, delaying them more. As a result, the family panic, grab some luggage and dash to the gate. It turns out their flight is delayed. Greg goes to dry his sock but destroys it while doing so. He hears that the flight is overbooked, and tries to stop his family boarding in exchange of a hotel stay and $300 (soon $500), but is stopped by Susan. A replacement crew for the plane is required and they finally board.
Greg is first impressed by the plane's first class seats before he discovers that he has to sit in economy. However, Frank collected enough air miles because of his business trips to sit in first class. In economy, Mom, Rodrick, and Manny are seated in the right row. Greg finds out he has three seats to himself, until a couple with a baby arrives late on board. The couple sit on either side of him with their baby. Greg becomes paranoid when he watches the plane's safety video and begins to ask questions about unfortunate events. Greg is very aggravated of the other passengers because most aren't watching the safety video. Mid flight, he feels boxed in when the people in front recline and the person behind slides his feet on Greg's armrest. Greg tries to recline his chair too but when he asks the flight attendant how, he learns that he can't because the row behind him is an emergency exit. He tries to swap seats with Frank but Rodrick beats him to it. He stays in the bathroom because the couple's baby started to get annoying, but then he returns to his seat after experiencing turbulence. He somehow was able to sleep for the rest of the flight.
As they land on Christmas Day, Greg begins to understand why the family came there. They touch down and began to head to the resort, Isla de Corales. He is even excited by the activities the resort offer which he sees on the bus. However, Frank and Susan are disappointed that the resort has since changed, and it is now split with a family side (the Mild Side) and a couple side (the Wild Side). The family also discovers that they got the wrong luggage that is locked, and their luggage was sent back home. They only have the clothes they put in their carry on luggage. They attempt to buy some new clothes, but Frank won't buy them as they are too expensive.
The family goes to explore the resort and end up at the pool. The Director of Fun shows up, however, and gets everybody moving. Greg is forced to take part in two games. After this, Greg sees an iguana by the pool and is worried, so the family goes to get some lunch. Greg and his family try to eat outside; however, too many birds and bugs keep ruining their meals. Frank contracts a stomach bug from his water, so they head back to the suite.
The next day, Greg uses the shower which is outside. As he puts on his slipper, a giant spider falls out. Greg has an intense fear of spiders. As a result, he calls room service, but the lady who answers says that there is a do not disturb sign on the door knob. The lady says he has to order food for someone to come. The waiter who arrives also is scared of spiders. Eventually, they manage to trap the spider and flush it down the toilet. The family heads to the beach without Frank as he is still at the suite. He returns, however and reveals that he found the same spider that Greg attempted to flush away on the toilet seat. Manny develops an obsession with collecting sea creatures in his bucket so he can have them as pets. Unfortunately, he is upset by Susan when she returns them, so they go to the activities.
Before this, they have to find Rodrick, who has been in the teen zone helping a girl get her lip ring out of the volleyball net. They first try the banana boat, but this is ruined when a kid using a water trampoline lands on and bursts their float. They get hungry, so they go to the golf clubhouse which turns them down as they are not following the dress code. They go to the swim-up bar, and learn of a monkey which has been returning there for drinks every day. They are chased away when Manny finds the TV remote, changes the channel to his favorite cartoons, and throws the remote in the water. Greg goes to the arcade, and the family regroup later to find Rodrick. The same girl he helped earlier is now his girlfriend. In the evening, they go to the beach bonfire and go to see turtles hatching. Just as they are prepared to leave, they begin to hatch, but they lose their way to the sea as people are using the flashes on their phones to take photos.
The next day, Susan goes to the spa and Frank goes to the gym. Rodrick then goes back to the teen zone. Greg takes Manny to the Toddler's Cabana, but Manny gets out of going there because he is not potty trained. He puts Manny in the pool, but has to get him out again later. Susan booked a charter cruise for the whole family due in thirty minutes. On the cruise (which turns out to be a regular boat), the captain offers them to go scuba diving. Greg is freaked out by all of the deadly animals, including the venomous box jellyfish, and only stays in for one photo. As he surfaces, he swallows a big gulp of water. He thinks a seahorse was in there too: so they return to the resort to see a doctor. Frank and Susan were both seasick, so they just return to the poolside.
They see the Director of Fun, who keeps circling their chair, but suddenly stops at a plastic bag in Manny's bucket. It is actually a box jellyfish which Manny smuggled from the scuba diving, in which the Director of Fun launches it back into the pool in fear. Because the pool workers couldn't find the jellyfish, they have to drain the pool. They escape in the commotion, and notice Rodrick isn't there. He had been left in the sea where they went scuba diving and had extreme sunburn. They return to the suite and decide to spend their last few days outdoors.
The next day, Greg goes to the tennis court in hopes of learning how to play tennis. Unfortunately, it was just a cage full of children with a ball machine and tennis balls. It turns into a free-for-all, which stops suddenly when a kid recognizes Greg as the family who brought a box jellyfish to the poolside. He tries to tell them that it was Manny's fault, but they throw tennis balls at him. He quickly escapes the cage and goes back to the suite with his family. They were out of things to do and want to leave the resort early; however, Frank refuses to leave until he gets a decent meal. Manny discovers that the suitcase they got on mistake fell and broke and also has the clothes they need to get in the clubhouse. They each wear some of the clothes in there; they first head to the clubhouse, and then the putting green for golf. However, they are spotted by a security guard, who escorts them out of the green. A family had reported them for wearing their missing clothes.
They attempted a failed getaway with a golf cart, and are ultimately sent back to the hotel to return the clothes. They were also ejected from the hotel for theft, so they were forced to stay overnight at the airport hotel. The next day, Susan refuses to leave the resort to leave on a high note. So they sneak in. They skip the pool and then find Rodrick's girlfriend with a man named Rodrigo. They go back to the beach, and scavenge for food by distracting others and then eating their food. They go to take one more photo, but are spotted by the family who they took clothes from.
The Heffleys try to escape the resort. Greg heads for the beach and windsurfs away. He gets stuck in the dolphin swimming area, but is chased back to shore by security. He ends up on the Wild Side (couple) of the beach and lands on a nude beach. Greg runs for the wall dividing the two sides; just where his family was passing. Greg tries to climb over the wall, but it is destroyed by a stampede of Mild Side tourists. The family escapes unnoticed and heads to the airport.
When they get back, Greg wants to show Rowley where he went to for his Christmas holidays. He discovers there that he and his family has been banned from the resort for the rest of their lives and are wanted. On Isla de Corales' website, there is a picture of Greg's family on the banana boat with words in Spanish: "¡Atención! Póngase en contacto con Isla de Corales si conoce la identidad de las personas en la foto de arriba" meaning "Attention! Contact Isla de Corales if you know the identities of the people in the picture above."
Release date[edit]
The Getaway is the 12th book in the series, and was released everywhere except Canada and China on November 7, 2017.[citation needed]
Reception[edit]
A week since its release, it has received 4.5/5 stars on Waterstones with 786 reviews.[3]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Wimpy Kid (27 April 2017). "Wimpy Kid LIVE Special 10th Anniversary Presentation and Cover Reveal of Book 12!". YouTube. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Cover Of New Diary Of A Wimpy Kid Book Revealed By Jeff Kinney To Fans Worldwide At Live streamed Carnegie Hall Event Hosted By ABRAMS". Tristateupdate.com. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway by Jeff Kinney – Waterstones". Waterstones.com. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
[hide]
v
t
e
The Diary of a Wimpy Kid series by Jeff Kinney
Novels
Diary of a Wimpy Kid
Rodrick Rules
The Last Straw
Dog Days
The Ugly Truth
Cabin Fever
The Third Wheel
Hard Luck
The Long Haul
Old School
Double Down
The Getaway
Characters
Greg Heffley
Film series
Diary of a Wimpy Kid
Rodrick Rules
Dog Days
The Long Haul
Category
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Heart sounds
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Normal heart sounds
Normal heart sounds as heard with a stethoscope
Problems playing this file? See media help.
72 BPM Heart sound
Front of thorax, showing surface relations of bones, lungs (purple), pleura (blue), and heart (red outline). The locations of best auscultation for each heart valve are labeled with "M", "T", "A", and "P".
First heart sound: caused by atrioventricular valves - Mitral (M) and Tricuspid (T).
Second heart sound caused by semilunar valves -- Aortic (A) and Pulmonary/Pulmonic (P).
Diagram showing relations of opened heart to front of thoracic wall. Ant. Anterior segment of tricuspid valve. A O. Aorta. A.P. Anterior papillary muscle. In. Innominate artery. L.C.C. Left common carotid artery. L.S. Left subclavian artery. L.V. Left ventricle. P.A. Pulmonary artery. R.A. Right atrium. R.V. Right ventricle. V.S. Ventricular septum.
Heart sounds are the noises generated by the beating heart and the resultant flow of blood through it. Specifically, the sounds reflect the turbulence created when the heart valves snap shut. In cardiac auscultation, an examiner may use a stethoscope to listen for these unique and distinct sounds that provide important auditory data regarding the condition of the heart.
In healthy adults, there are two normal heart sounds, often described as a lub and a dub (or dup), that occur in sequence with each heartbeat. These are the first heart sound (S1) and second heart sound (S2), produced by the closing of the atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves, respectively. In addition to these normal sounds, a variety of other sounds may be present including heart murmurs, adventitious sounds, and gallop rhythms S3 and S4.
Heart murmurs are generated by turbulent flow of blood, which may occur inside or outside the heart. Murmurs may be physiological (benign) or pathological (abnormal). Abnormal murmurs can be caused by stenosis restricting the opening of a heart valve, resulting in turbulence as blood flows through it. Abnormal murmurs may also occur with valvular insufficiency (regurgitation), which allows backflow of blood when the incompetent valve closes with only partial effectiveness. Different murmurs are audible in different parts of the cardiac cycle, depending on the cause of the murmur.
Contents
[hide]
1 Primary heart sounds
1.1 S1
1.2 S2
2 Extra heart sounds
2.1 S3
2.2 S4
3 Murmurs
3.1 Effects of breathing
3.2 Interventions that change murmurs
4 Other abnormal sounds
5 Surface anatomy
6 Recording heart sounds
7 See also
8 Notes and references
9 External links
Primary heart sounds[edit]
Normal heart sounds are associated with heart valves closing:
S1[edit]
The first heart sound, or S1, forms the "lub" of "lub-dub" and is composed of components M1 (mitral valve closure) and T1 (tricuspid valve closure). Normally M1 precedes T1 slightly. It is caused by the closure of the atrioventricular valves, i.e. tricuspid and mitral (bicuspid), at the beginning of ventricular contraction, or systole. When the ventricles begin to contract, so do the papillary muscles in each ventricle. The papillary muscles are attached to the cusps or leaflets of the tricuspid and mitral valves via chordae tendineae (heart strings). When the papillary muscles contract, the chordae tendineae become tense and thereby prevent the backflow of blood into the lower pressure environment of the atria. The chordae tendineae act a bit like the strings on a parachute, and allow the leaflets of the valve to balloon up into the atria slightly, but not so much as to evert the cusp edges and allow back flow of blood. It is the pressure created from ventricular contraction that closes the valve, not the papillary muscles themselves. The contraction of the ventricle begins just prior to AV valves closing and prior to the semilunar valves opening. The sudden tensing of the chordae tendineae and the squeezing of the ventricles against closed semilunar valves, sends blood rushing back toward the atria, and the parachute-like valves catch the rush of blood in their leaflets causing the valve to snap shut. The S1 sound results from reverberation within the blood associated with the sudden block of flow reversal by the valves. The delay of T1 even more than normally causes the split S1 which is heard in a right bundle branch blockage.
S2[edit]
The second heart sound, or S2, forms the "dub" of "lub-dub" and is composed of components A2 (aortic valve closure) and P2 (pulmonary valve closure). Normally A2 precedes P2 especially during inspiration where a split of S2 can be heard. It is caused by the closure of the semilunar valves (the aortic valve and pulmonary valve) at the end of ventricular systole and the beginning of ventricular diastole. As the left ventricle empties, its pressure falls below the pressure in the aorta. Aortic blood flow quickly reverses back toward the left ventricle, catching the pocket-like cusps of the aortic valve, and is stopped by aortic valve closure. Similarly, as the pressure in the right ventricle falls below the pressure in the pulmonary artery, the pulmonary valve closes. The S2 sound results from reverberation within the blood associated with the sudden block of flow reversal.
Splitting of S2, also known as physiological split, normally occurs during inhalation because the decrease in intrathoracic pressure increases the time needed for pulmonary pressure to exceed that of the right ventricular pressure. A widely split S2 can be associated with several different cardiovascular conditions, including left bundle branch block, pulmonary stenosis, and atrial septal defect.
Extra heart sounds[edit]
The rarer extra heart sounds form gallop rhythms and are heard in both normal and abnormal situations.
S3[edit]
Main article: Third heart sound
Rarely, there may be a third heart sound also called a protodiastolic gallop, ventricular gallop, or informally the "Kentucky" gallop as an onomatopoeic reference to the rhythm and stress of S1 followed by S2 and S3 together (S1=Ken; S2=tuck; S3=y).[1]
"lub-dub-ta" or "slosh-ing-in" If new, indicates heart failure or volume overload.
It occurs at the beginning of diastole after S2 and is lower in pitch than S1 or S2 as it is not of valvular origin. The third heart sound is benign in youth, some trained athletes, and sometimes in pregnancy but if it re-emerges later in life it may signal cardiac problems, such as a failing left ventricle as in dilated congestive heart failure (CHF). S3 is thought to be caused by the oscillation of blood back and forth between the walls of the ventricles initiated by blood rushing in from the atria. The reason the third heart sound does not occur until the middle third of diastole is probably that during the early part of diastole, the ventricles are not filled sufficiently to create enough tension for reverberation.
It may also be a result of tensing of the chordae tendineae during rapid filling and expansion of the ventricle. In other words, an S3 heart sound indicates increased volume of blood within the ventricle. An S3 heart sound is best heard with the bell-side of the stethoscope (used for lower frequency sounds). A left-sided S3 is best heard in the left lateral decubitus position and at the apex of the heart, which is normally located in the 5th left intercostal space at the midclavicular line. A right-sided S3 is best heard at the lower-left sternal border. The way to distinguish between a left and right-sided S3 is to observe whether it increases in intensity with inhalation or exhalation. A right-sided S3 will increase on inhalation, while a left-sided S3 will increase on exhalation.
S3 can be a normal finding in young patients but is generally pathologic over the age of 40. The most common cause of pathologic S3 is congestive heart failure.
S4[edit]
Main article: Fourth heart sound
S4 when audible in an adult is called a presystolic gallop or atrial gallop. This gallop is produced by the sound of blood being forced into a stiff or hypertrophic ventricle.
"ta-lub-dub" or "a-stiff-wall"
It is a sign of a pathologic state, usually a failing or hypertrophic left ventricle, as in systemic hypertension, severe valvular aortic stenosis, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The sound occurs just after atrial contraction at the end of diastole and immediately before S1, producing a rhythm sometimes referred to as the "Tennessee" gallop where S4 represents the "Ten-" syllable.[2] It is best heard at the cardiac apex with the patient in the left lateral decubitus position and holding his breath. The combined presence of S3 and S4 is a quadruple gallop, also known as the "Hello-Goodbye" gallop. At rapid heart rates, S3 and S4 may merge to produce a summation gallop, sometimes referred to as S7.
Atrial contraction must be present for production of an S4. It is absent in atrial fibrillation and in other rhythms in which atrial contraction does not precede ventricular contraction.
Murmurs[edit]
Auscultogram from normal and abnormal heart sounds.
Heart murmurs are produced as a result of turbulent flow of blood strong enough to produce audible noise. They are usually heard as a whooshing sound. The term murmur only refers to a sound believed to originate within blood flow through or near the heart; rapid blood velocity is necessary to produce a murmur. Most heart problems do not produce any murmur and most valve problems also do not produce an audible murmur.
Murmurs can be heard in many situations in adults without major congenital heart abnormalities:
Regurgitation through the mitral valve is by far the most commonly heard murmur, producing a pansystolic/holosystolic murmur which is sometimes fairly loud to a practiced ear, even though the volume of regurgitant blood flow may be quite small. Yet, though obvious using echocardiography visualization, probably about 20% of cases of mitral regurgitation do not produce an audible murmur.
Stenosis of the aortic valve is typically the next most common heart murmur, a systolic ejection murmur. This is more common in older adults or in those individuals having a two-leaflet, not a three-leaflet, aortic valve.
Regurgitation through the aortic valve, if marked, is sometimes audible to a practiced ear with a high quality, especially electronically amplified, stethoscope. Generally, this is a very rarely heard murmur, even though aortic valve regurgitation is not so rare. Aortic regurgitation, though obvious using echocardiography visualization, usually does not produce an audible murmur.
Stenosis of the mitral valve, if severe, also rarely produces an audible, low frequency soft rumbling murmur, best recognized by a practiced ear using a high quality, especially electronically amplified, stethoscope.
Other audible murmurs are associated with abnormal openings between the left ventricle and right heart or from the aortic or pulmonary arteries back into a lower pressure heart chamber.
Gradations of Murmurs[1]
(Defined based on use of an acoustic, not a high-fidelity amplified electronic stethoscope)
Grade Description
Grade 1 Very faint, heard only after listener has "tuned in"; may not be heard in all positions. Only heard if the patient "bears down" or performs the Valsalva maneuver.
Grade 2 Quiet, but heard immediately after placing the stethoscope on the chest.
Grade 3 Moderately loud.
Grade 4 Loud, with palpable thrill (a tremor or vibration felt on palpation)[3]
Grade 5 Very loud, with thrill. May be heard when stethoscope is partly off the chest.
Grade 6 Very loud, with thrill. May be heard with stethoscope entirely off the chest.
Though several different cardiac conditions can cause heart murmurs, the murmurs can change markedly with the severity of the cardiac disease. An astute physician can sometimes diagnose cardiac conditions with some accuracy based largely on the murmur, related physical examination, and experience with the relative frequency of different heart conditions. However, with the advent of better quality and wider availability of echocardiography and other techniques, heart status can be recognized and quantified much more accurately than formerly possible with only a stethoscope, examination, and experience. Another advantage to the use of the echocardiogram is that the devices can be hand held.[4]
Effects of breathing[edit]
Inhalation decreases intrathoracic pressure which allows more venous blood to return to the right heart (pulling blood into the right side of the heart via a vacuum-like effect). Therefore, right-sided heart murmurs generally increase in intensity with inhalation. The decreased (more negative) intrathoracic pressure has an opposite effect on the left side of the heart, making it harder for the blood to exit into circulation. Therefore, left-sided murmurs generally decrease in intensity during inhalation. Increasing venous blood return to the right side of the heart by raising a patient's legs to a 45-degree while lying supine produces similar effect which occurs during inhalation. Inhalation can also produce a non-pathological split S2 which will be heard upon auscultation.
With exhalation, the opposite haemodynamic changes occur: left-sided murmurs generally increase in intensity with exhalation.
Interventions that change murmurs[edit]
Main article: Heart murmur
There are a number of interventions that can be performed that alter the intensity and characteristics of abnormal heart sounds. These interventions can differentiate the different heart sounds to more effectively obtain a diagnosis of the cardiac anomaly that causes the heart sound.
Other abnormal sounds[edit]
Clicks – Heart clicks are short, high-pitched sounds that can be appreciated with modern non-invasive imaging techniques.
Rubs – The pericardial friction rub can be heard in pericarditis, an inflammation of the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart. This is a characteristic scratching, creaking, high-pitched sound emanating from the rubbing of both layers of inflamed pericardium. It is the loudest in systole, but can often be heard at the beginning and at the end of diastole. It is very dependent on body position and breathing, and changes from hour to hour.
Surface anatomy[edit]
The aortic area, pulmonic area, tricuspid area and mitral area are areas on the surface of the chest where the heart is auscultated. Heart sounds result from reverberation within the blood associated with the sudden block of flow reversal by the valves closing. Because of this, auscultation to determine function of a valve is usually not performed at the position of the valve, but at the position to where the sound waves reverberate.
Aortic valve (to aorta) right second intercostal space upper right sternal border
Pulmonary valve (to pulmonary trunk) left second intercostal space upper left sternal border
Erb's point Left third intercostal space left sternal border
Tricuspid valve (to right ventricle) left fourth, fifth intercostal spaces lower left sternal border
Mitral valve (to left ventricle) left fifth intercostal space left midclavicular line
Recording heart sounds[edit]
Using electronic stethoscopes, it is possible to record heart sounds via direct output to an external recording device, such as a laptop or MP3 recorder. The same connection can be used to listen to the previously recorded auscultation through the stethoscope headphones, allowing for more detailed study of murmurs and other heart sounds, for general research as well as evaluation of a particular patient's condition.
See also[edit]
Pulse
Physical examination
Precordial examination
Benign pediatric heart murmur
Iambic pentameter, a metre in poetry which follows a similar rhythm to the human heartbeat
Pulsatile tinnitus - hearing a heartbeat sound in one or both ears
Notes and references[edit]
Jump up ^ https://depts.washington.edu/physdx/heart/tech2.html
Jump up ^ https://depts.washington.edu/physdx/heart/tech2.html
Jump up ^ "thrill". Medline Plus Medical Dictionary.
Jump up ^ Bernstein, Lenny (2016-01-02), "Heart doctors are listening for clues to the future of their stethoscopes", Washington Post.
External links[edit]
University of Michigan Heart Sound and Murmur Library.
Auscultation Assistant. UCLA
Heart Sounds - Heart Murmurs. practicalclinicalskills.com
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Gina Tognoni
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Gina Tognoni
Born
(1973-11-28) November 28, 1973 (age 44)
St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
Occupation
Actress
businesswoman
Years active
1995–present
Television
Guiding Light (2004–2009)
One Life to Live (1995–2001, 2002, 2010–2011)
The Young and the Restless (2014–present)
Spouse(s)
Joseph Chiarello (m. 2009)
Gina Tognoni /toʊnˈjoʊni/ (born November 28, 1973) is an American actress, best known for her work with American daytime soap operas. Her most notable performances include Kelly Cramer on One Life to Live and Dinah Marler on Guiding Light. She is currently starring as Phyllis Summers on The Young and the Restless.
Contents
[hide]
1 Career
2 Personal life
3 Filmography
4 Awards and nominations
5 References
6 External links
Career[edit]
Tognoni is known for her roles on daytime television soap operas. In 1995, she made her soap debut as Kelly Cramer in ABC's One Life to Live. She appeared on the show until 2001. In April 2001, it was announced that Tognoni, after six years with the show, had decided not to renew her contract with the series.[1] Tognoni returned to daytime television as Dinah Marler on CBS's Guiding Light in July 2004, and won her first Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2006 for her work on the show. In 2007, she was nominated again in the same category but lost to Genie Francis. She won her second Emmy in 2008, becoming only the second actress to be a repeat winner in the Supporting Actress category.
In 2009, after CBS canceled Guiding Light, Tognoni returned to her role as Kelly Cramer on One Life to Live. Also it was reported that Tognoni was in talks with several soaps for her post-Guiding Light gig.[2] Following the April 2011 cancelation of One Life to Live and All My Children,[3] it was announced that Tognoni and co-star Tom Degnan, who was portraying Joey Buchanan at the time, would exit the series before its January 2012 finale.[4][5] In addition to her career on soaps, Tognoni had guest-starring roles in Law & Order: Special Victims Unit and The Sopranos, and co-starred in a number of television shows and independent films.
On May 22, 2014, it was announced that Tognoni was cast as Phyllis Summers in CBS's The Young and the Restless, replacing Michelle Stafford. Tognoni made her debut on August 11, 2014.[6][7]
Personal life[edit]
Tognoni was born in St. Louis, Missouri. She won Miss Rhode Island Teen USA in 1991 and Miss Rhode Island Teen All-American in 1993.[8] Tognoni became engaged to Joseph Chiarello on November 21, 2007. She was introduced to him by her co-star Beth Ehlers.[citation needed] The two were married May 16, 2009.
Filmography[edit]
List of acting performances in film and television
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1995–2001, 2002, 2010–2011
One Life to Live
Kelly Cramer Series regular
2002
Pride & Loyalty
Stephanie
2003
Fastlane
Gabriella Episode: "Iced"
2003
This Time Around
Cara Cabot Television film
2003
Phenomenon II
Officer Claire Television film
2004–2009
Guiding Light
Dinah Marler Series regular
2005
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
Officer Kristen Vaill Episode: "Goliath"
2005
Art
Barbara Short film
2006
The Sopranos
Catherine Lipman Episode: "The Fleshy Part of the Thigh"
2009
Venice: The Series
Sami Nelson Web series
2011
In the Family
Nurse Jackson
2014–present
The Young and the Restless
Phyllis Summers Series regular
Awards and nominations[edit]
List of acting awards and nominations
Year
Award
Category
Title
Result
Ref.
1996
Soap Opera Digest Award Outstanding Female Newcomer One Life to Live Nominated
1997
Soap Opera Digest Award Outstanding Younger Lead Actress One Life to Live Nominated
1998
Soap Opera Digest Award Outstanding Younger Lead Actress One Life to Live Nominated
2005
Soap Opera Digest Award Favorite Return Guiding Light Nominated
2006
Daytime Emmy Award Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series Guiding Light Won [9]
2007
Daytime Emmy Award Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series Guiding Light Nominated [10]
2008
Daytime Emmy Award Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series Guiding Light Won [11]
2015
Daytime Emmy Award Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series The Young and the Restless Nominated [12]
2017
Daytime Emmy Award Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series The Young and the Restless Won [13]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Kroll, Dan J. (2001-04-01). "Tognoni to end six-year stay in Llanview". SoapCentral. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Dan J. (2009-06-08). "Gina Tognoni close to deciding on her post-GL career". SoapCentral. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ "AMC and OLTL Canceled". Soap Opera Digest. Soapoperadigest.com. 2011-04-14. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Dan J. (2011-06-07). "Gina Tognoni, Tom Degnan exiting OLTL this summer". SoapCentral. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ Fairman, Michael (2011-05-31). "Is Gina Tognoni headed out of One Life to Live early?". Michael Fairman On-Air On-Soaps. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ SOD (May 22, 2014). "GINA TOGNONI IS Y&R'S NEW PHYLLIS!". Soap Opera Digest. American Media, Inc. Retrieved May 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ Logan, Michael (May 22, 2014). "Exclusive: Gina Tognoni Joins The Young and the Restless". TV Guide. CBS Interactive. Retrieved May 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Gina Tognoni: Biography". TV Guide. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Ellen DeGeneres repeats sweep of Daytime Emmys". Kentucky New Era. Los Angeles: Taylor W. Hayes. Associated Press. May 1, 2006. p. 8. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Bonawitz, Amy (February 11, 2009). "34th Annual Daytime Emmy Winners". New York City: CBS News. Archived from the original on June 28, 2013. Retrieved January 8, 2013.
Jump up ^ Silverman, Stephen M. (June 21, 2008). "Ellen DeGeneres, Tyra Banks Win Daytime Emmys". People. New York City: Time Inc. Archived from the original on June 28, 2013. Retrieved May 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ "The 42nd Annual Daytime Emmy Award Nominations" (PDF). New York: emmyonline.org and National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. March 31, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 31, 2015. Retrieved March 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ "The 44th Annual Daytime Emmy Award Nominations" (PDF). New York City: emmyonline.org and National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. March 22, 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 22, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
External links[edit]
Gina Tognoni on IMDb
[show]
v
t
e
Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series
Elizabeth Hubbard (1974)
Susan Flannery (1975)
Helen Gallagher (1976)
Helen Gallagher (1977)
Laurie Heineman (1978)
Irene Dailey (1979)
Judith Light (1980)
Judith Light (1981)
Robin Strasser (1982)
Dorothy Lyman (1983)
Erika Slezak (1984)
Kim Zimmer (1985)
Erika Slezak (1986)
Kim Zimmer (1987)
Helen Gallagher (1988)
Marcy Walker (1989)
Kim Zimmer (1990)
Finola Hughes (1991)
Erika Slezak (1992)
Linda Dano (1993)
Hillary B. Smith (1994)
Erika Slezak (1995)
Erika Slezak (1996)
Jess Walton (1997)
Cynthia Watros (1998)
Susan Lucci (1999)
Susan Flannery (2000)
Martha Byrne (2001)
Susan Flannery (2002)
Susan Flannery (2003)
Michelle Stafford (2004)
Erika Slezak (2005)
Kim Zimmer (2006)
Maura West (2007)
Jeanne Cooper (2008)
Susan Haskell (2009)
Maura West (2010)
Laura Wright (2011)
Heather Tom (2012)
Heather Tom (2013)
Eileen Davidson (2014)
Maura West (2015)
Mary Beth Evans (2016)
Gina Tognoni (2017)
[show]
v
t
e
Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
Suzanne Rogers (1979)
Francesca James (1980)
Jane Elliot (1981)
Dorothy Lyman (1982)
Louise Shaffer (1983)
Judi Evans (1984)
Beth Maitland (1985)
Leann Hunley (1986)
Kathleen Noone (1987)
Ellen Wheeler (1988)
Nancy Lee Grahn / Debbi Morgan (1989)
Julia Barr (1990)
Jess Walton (1991)
Maeve Kinkead (1992)
Ellen Parker (1993)
Susan Haskell (1994)
Rena Sofer (1995)
Anna Holbrook (1996)
Michelle Stafford (1997)
Julia Barr (1998)
Sharon Case (1999)
Sarah Joy Brown (2000)
Lesli Kay (2001)
Crystal Chappell (2002)
Vanessa Marcil (2003)
Cady McClain (2004)
Natalia Livingston (2005)
Gina Tognoni (2006)
Genie Francis (2007)
Gina Tognoni (2008)
Tamara Braun (2009)
Julie Pinson (2010)
Heather Tom (2011)
Nancy Lee Grahn (2012)
Julie Berman (2013)
Amelia Heinle (2014)
Amelia Heinle (2015)
Jessica Collins (2016)
Kate Mansi (2017)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gina_Tognoni&oldid=827222635"
Categories:
1973 births
Living people
Miss Teen USA 1993 delegates
American soap opera actresses
American people of Italian descent
Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series winners
Daytime Emmy Award winners
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses of Italian descent
American television actresses
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