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Holy day of obligation
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v
t
e
In the Catholic Church, holy days of obligation (also called holydays, holidays, or days of obligation) are days on which the faithful are expected to attend Mass.
The expection is attached to the holy day, even if transferred, as sometimes happens in the Roman Rite, to another date because of coinciding with a higher-ranking celebration. However, in some countries a dispensation is granted in such circumstances.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Latin Church
1.1 Working holy days
1.2 Observance by country
1.2.1 Argentina
1.2.2 Australia
1.2.3 Austria
1.2.4 Bahrain
1.2.5 Belgium
1.2.6 Brazil
1.2.7 Brunei
1.2.8 Canada
1.2.9 China
1.2.10 Colombia
1.2.11 Czech Republic
1.2.12 Croatia
1.2.13 Denmark
1.2.14 Dominican Republic
1.2.15 El Salvador
1.2.16 England and Wales
1.2.17 Finland
1.2.18 France
1.2.19 Germany
1.2.20 Greece
1.2.21 Haiti
1.2.22 Hungary
1.2.23 Iceland
1.2.24 India
1.2.25 Indonesia
1.2.26 Ireland
1.2.27 Italy
1.2.28 Japan
1.2.29 Kenya
1.2.30 Korea
1.2.31 Kuwait
1.2.32 Lebanon
1.2.33 Malta
1.2.34 Malaysia
1.2.35 Mexico
1.2.36 Netherlands
1.2.37 New Zealand
1.2.38 Nicaragua
1.2.39 Norway
1.2.40 Panama
1.2.41 Paraguay
1.2.42 Peru
1.2.43 Philippines
1.2.44 Poland
1.2.45 Portugal
1.2.46 Qatar
1.2.47 Saudi Arabia
1.2.48 Serbia
1.2.49 Scotland
1.2.50 Singapore
1.2.51 Slovakia
1.2.52 South Africa
1.2.53 Spain
1.2.54 Sri Lanka
1.2.55 Sweden
1.2.56 Switzerland
1.2.57 Ukraine
1.2.58 United States
2 Eastern Catholic Churches
3 Protestantism
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Latin Church[edit]
Main article: Canon law (Catholic Church)
The holy days of obligation for Latin Catholics are indicated in canon 1246 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law:
Can. 1246. §1. Sunday, on which by apostolic tradition the paschal mystery is celebrated, must be observed in the universal Church as the primordial holy day of obligation. The following days must also be observed: the Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Epiphany, the Ascension, the Body and Blood of Christ, Holy Mary the Mother of God, her Immaculate Conception, her Assumption, Saint Joseph, Saint Peter and Saint Paul the Apostles, and All Saints.
§2. With the prior approval of the Apostolic See, however, the conference of bishops can suppress some of the holy days of obligation or transfer them to a Sunday.
Placed in the order of the civil calendar, the ten days (apart from Sundays) that this canon mentions are:
1 January: Solemnity of Mary, the Holy Mother of God
6 January: Solemnity of the Epiphany of the Lord
19 March: Solemnity of Saint Joseph, Spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Thursday of the sixth week of Eastertide: Solemnity of the Ascension of the Lord
Thursday after Trinity Sunday: Solemnity of the Most Holy Body and Blood of Christ
29 June: Solemnity of Saints Peter and Paul, Apostles
15 August: Solemnity of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
1 November: Solemnity of All Saints
8 December: Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary
25 December: Solemnity of the Nativity of the Lord (Christmas)
The number of holy days of obligation was once much greater. With the motu proprio Supremi disciplinae of 2 July 1911, Pope Pius X reduced the number of such non-Sunday holy days from 36 to 8: the above 18 dates (1 January was then the Feast of the Circumcision of Christ) minus the feasts the Body and Blood of Christ, and Saint Joseph.[2] The present list was established in 2017.[3]
In many countries the bishops had obtained, even before the time of Pius X, the Holy See's approval to diminish the number of non-Sunday holy days of obligation, making it far less than 36. Today too, Episcopal Conferences have availed themselves of the authority granted them in law to reduce the number below the ten mentioned above.
Non-Sunday holy days of obligation all have the rank of solemnity. Accordingly, if in Ordinary Time one of them falls on a Sunday, the Sunday celebration gives way to it; but the Sundays of Advent, Lent and Eastertide take precedence over all solemnities, which are then transferred to another day[4] (but the precept is not). Very occasionally, the Feast of the Sacred Heart may fall on St. Peter and Paul's feast day, in which case it takes precedence over it; the precept then applies to the feast of the Sacred Heart.
Working holy days[edit]
While episcopal conferences may suppress holy days of obligation or transfer them to Sunday, some of them have maintained as holy days of obligation some days that are not public holidays. For most people, such days are normal working days, and they therefore cannot observe the obligation "to abstain from those works and affairs which hinder the worship to be rendered to God, the joy proper to the Lord's day, or the suitable relaxation of mind and body". However, they remain bound by the obligation to participate in Mass. For these days, referred to as "working holy days", churches may have a special timetable, with Mass available outside the normal working hours and on the previous evening.[5]
In Ireland the only holy days of obligation that are also public holidays are Christmas and Saint Patrick's Day, so that it has five working holy days. Similarly, Slovakia has only four holy days of obligation that are also public holidays: Christmas, Solemnity of Mary Mother of God, Epiphany and All Saints', leaving it with five working holy days. In the Netherlands, the bishops conference decreed that, with effect from 1 January 1991, the feasts of the Assumption and All Saints, each of which it had previously decided to celebrate on the following Sunday, were to be of obligation as regards Mass, but not for abstaining from work.[6]
Observance by country[edit]
In Vatican City, but not in the rest of the Diocese of Rome, Sundays and all 18 days listed in canon 1246 are observed as holy days of obligation. This is also the case in the Diocese of Lugano (covering the Swiss canton of Ticino), but perhaps nowhere else.
Some countries have as holy days of obligation feasts that are not among those listed in canon 1246. Ireland has Saint Patrick's Day.[7] Germany has St. Stephen on the "Second Christmas Day" (26 December), Easter Monday and Pentecost Monday (Whit Monday).[8]
In countries where they are not holy days of obligation, three of the ten feast days listed above are assigned to a Sunday as their proper day:[9]
The Epiphany to the Sunday that falls between 2 and 8 January; If January 6 falls on Sunday there is no B date,
The Ascension of Our Lord to the following Sunday;
The Body and Blood of Christ to the following Sunday.
If they are thus assigned to a Sunday, they are not included in the following national lists of holy days of obligation, since in every country all Sundays are holy days of obligation.
Argentina[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Feast of the Immaculate Conception
Christmas
Australia[edit]
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Christmas
Austria[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Epiphany
Feast of the Ascension
The Body and Blood of Christ
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All Saints' Day
Feast of the Immaculate Conception
Christmas
Bahrain[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
St Thomas
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Birth of our Lady
Christmas
Belgium[edit]
Feast of the Ascension
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All Saints' Day
Christmas
Brazil[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
The Body and Blood of Christ
Feast of the Immaculate Conception
Christmas
Brunei[edit]
Feast of the Ascension
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All Saints' Day
Christmas
Canada[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Christmas[10]
China[edit]
In the Diocese of Hong Kong, Christmas is the only holy day of obligation.[11] In the diocese of Macau and in the other Chinese dioceses (including territories controlled by the Republic of China), no regulations seem to exist, which means the 10 holy days of obligations apply to those areas.
Colombia[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Feast of the Immaculate Conception
Christmas
Czech Republic[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Christmas
In Czech Republic, holy days of obligation are, by Czech Bishops' Conference, reduced to only two days, which are also public holidays in the Czech Republic:[12]
Since the other holy days of obligation mentioned in the Code of Canon Law are not public holidays, the Czech Bishops' Conference does not make attendance at Mass obligatory for Catholics, but only recommends it, as it does also on the feast days of Saints Cyril and Methodius (5 July) and Saint Wenceslas (28 September). Attendance at Mass is of course obligatory on all Sundays.
Croatia[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Epiphany
St Joseph's Day
Ascension
Feast of Saints Peter and Paul
Feast of Corpus Christi
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All Saints' Day
Feast of the Immaculate Conception
Christmas
Denmark[edit]
Feast of the Ascension
Christmas
Dominican Republic[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Epiphany
Feast of Corpus Christi
Christmas
The following day is also a holy day of obligation in all of the Dominican Republic:
Feast of Our Lady of Altagracia
Feast of Our Lady of Mercy
El Salvador[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Epiphany
Feast of Corpus Christi
Christmas
England and Wales[edit]
Epiphany (reinstated effective 3 December 2017)
Ascension (reinstated effective 3 December 2017)
Feast of Saints Peter and Paul
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All Saints' Day
Christmas
(See Liturgy Office)
According to a 1984 decision of the Bishops' Conference, Holydays which fall on Saturday or Monday (with the exception of Christmas) are transferred to the adjacent Sunday.
There are different regulations for Scotland and for Ireland.
Finland[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Epiphany
Feast of the Ascension
Christmas
(See Catholic Church in Finland: Practical Matters)
France[edit]
Feast of the Ascension
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All Saints' Day
Christmas
Germany[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Feast of the Ascension
Christmas
The following days are also holy days of obligation in all of Germany:
Easter Monday
Pentecost Monday
St. Stephen (Second Christmas Day)
In addition, almost all dioceses have one or more of the following holy days of obligation:
Epiphany
The Body and Blood of Christ
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All Saints' Day
The solemnities of Saint Joseph, Saints Peter and Paul and the Immaculate Conception of Mary are observed nowhere in Germany as holy days of obligation – these days are also not usually transferred to a Sunday (though for Sts. Peter and Paul, this is theoretically possible). Attendance at the liturgical service (which is not Mass) on Good Friday, a public holiday, is also generally observed, although it is not a holy day of obligation.
(See Feiertagsregelung)
Greece[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Epiphany
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Christmas
Instead of being transferred to the following Sunday, the Feast of the Ascension of Our Lord, though not a holy day of obligation in Greece, is kept on the Thursday of the sixth week of Easter, in order to celebrate it on the same day as the Orthodox Church of Greece.
Haiti[edit]
Epiphany
All Saints Day
Christmas
Hungary[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Epiphany
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All Saints' Day
Feast of the Immaculate Conception
Christmas
Iceland[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Feast of the Ascension
All Saints' Day
Christmas
India[edit]
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Christmas[13]
Indonesia[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Epiphany
St. Joseph's Day
Feast of the Ascension
Corpus Christi
Feast of Saints Peter and Paul
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All Saints Day
Feast of the Immaculate Conception
Christmas
Bishops' Conference of Indonesia has not issued regulation about holy day of obligation, so ten holy days on Can. 1246 § 1 applied.[14][15]
Ireland[edit]
Epiphany
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All Saints' Day
Feast of the Immaculate Conception
Christmas
The following day is also a holy day of obligation in all of Ireland:
St. Patrick's Day[16]
(See "Working holy days", above)
“Ireland” includes the entire island of Ireland, i.e. both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.
Italy[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Epiphany
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All Saints' Day
Feast of the Immaculate Conception
Christmas
Japan[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Christmas[17][18]
Kenya[edit]
Christmas
Korea[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Christmas
“Korea” includes the entire Korean Peninsula.
Kuwait[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
St Thomas
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Birth of our Lady
Christmas
Lebanon[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Epiphany
St. Joseph's Day
Feast of the Ascension
Corpus Christi
Feast of Saints Peter and Paul
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All Saints Day
Feast of the Immaculate Conception
Christmas
Malta[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
St Joseph's Day
Feast of Saints Peter and Paul
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All Saints' Day
Christmas
The following is also a holy day of obligation:
The Shipwreck of Saint Paul in Malta on 10 February
Malaysia[edit]
Feast of the Ascension
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All Saints' Day
Christmas
Mexico[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
The Body and Blood of Christ
Christmas
The following day is also a holy day of obligation in all of Mexico:
Our Lady of Guadalupe
Netherlands[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Feast of the Ascension
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All Saints' Day
Christmas
(See "Working holy days", above)
New Zealand[edit]
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Christmas
Nicaragua[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
The Body and Blood of Christ
Feast of the Immaculate Conception
Christmas
Norway[edit]
Feast of the Ascension
Christmas Day
Panama[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Feast of the Immaculate Conception
Christmas
Paraguay[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Feast of the Immaculate Conception
Christmas
Peru[edit]
Feast of Saints Peter and Paul
All Saints' Day
Feast of the Immaculate Conception
Christmas
The following day is also a holy day of obligation in Peru:
The Feast of Saint Rose of Lima
Philippines[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Solemnity of the Nativity of the Lord (Christmas)
Poland[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Epiphany
The Body and Blood of Christ
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All Saints' Day
Christmas
Portugal[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
The Body and Blood of Christ
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All Saints' Day
Feast of the Immaculate Conception
Christmas
Qatar[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
St Thomas
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Birth of our Lady
Christmas
(See "Working holy days", above)
Saudi Arabia[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Christmas
Serbia[edit]
Epiphany
Christmas
Scotland[edit]
Feast of the Ascension
Feast of Saints Peter and Paul
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All Saints' Day
Christmas
Holydays which fall on Saturday or Monday (with the exception of Christmas) are transferred to the adjacent Sunday. There are different regulations for Ireland and for England and Wales.
Singapore[edit]
[19]
Feast of the Ascension
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All Saints' Day
Christmas
Slovakia[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Epiphany
Feast of the Ascension
The Body and Blood of Christ
Feast of Saints Peter and Paul
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All Saints' Day
Feast of the Immaculate Conception
Christmas
All the holy days of obligation listed in the Code of Canon Law except the Solemnity of Saint Joseph are maintained in Slovakia, although only Solemnity of Mary, Epiphany, All Saints' Day and Christmas are also public holidays. See "Working holy days", above.
Additionally, the Slovak Bishops' Conference recommends Mass attendance on the following solemnities, because of their nationwide importance:
Saints Cyril and Methodius (celebrated on 5 July in Slovakia - public holiday)
Our Lady of Sorrows - Patron Saint of Slovakia (15 September - public holiday)
South Africa[edit]
Feast of the Ascension
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Christmas
Spain[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Epiphany
St Joseph's Day
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All Saints' Day
Feast of the Immaculate Conception
Christmas
The following day is also a holy day of obligation in all of Spain:
St. James's Day (Patron of Spain)
(See Calendario Litúrgico Pastoral)
Sri Lanka[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Feast of the Immaculate Conception
Christmas
Sweden[edit]
[20]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Epiphany
Feast of the Ascension
Feast of Saints Peter and Paul
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All Saints' Day
Christmas
Switzerland[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Epiphany
Feast of the Ascension
The Body and Blood of Christ
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
All Saints' Day
Christmas
The following days are also holy days of obligation in Switzerland:
Easter Monday
Pentecost Monday
St. Stephen's Day (Second Christmas Day)
In the Diocese of Lugano (covering the canton of Ticino), the following three days are also holy days of obligation:
St Joseph's Day
Feast of Saints Peter and Paul
Feast of the Immaculate Conception
This probably makes the diocese of Lugano the only diocese in the world (except for the Vatican City part of the Diocese of Rome) where all ten holy days of obligation are observed.
Ukraine[edit]
Epiphany
Presentation of the Lord
Feast of the Annunciation
Feast of the Ascension
Transfiguration of the Lord
Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Exaltation of the Holy Cross
Presentation of Mary
Christmas
These regulations also apply on the Crimean peninsula, including Sevastopol,
United States[edit]
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
Solemnity of the Ascension of the Lord
Solemnity of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Solemnity of All Saints (All Saints' Day)
Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Solemnity of the Nativity of the Lord (Christmas)
In most of the United States, the Ascension is transferred to the following Sunday (which would otherwise be the Seventh Sunday of Easter). It is only celebrated as a holy day of obligation on Thursday in the ecclesiastical provinces of Boston, Hartford, New York, Newark, Omaha, and Philadelphia, as well as by members of the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter.[21][22]
According to a complementary norm issued by the USCCB, "Whenever January 1, the solemnity of Mary, Mother of God, or August 15, the solemnity of the Assumption, or November 1, the solemnity of All Saints, falls on a Saturday or on a Monday, the precept to attend Mass is abrogated."[23]
In years when 8 December falls on Sunday, the Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception is normally transferred to 9 December, as it is outranked by the Second Sunday of Advent.[24] In this case, the precept to attend mass, however, is abrogated by the transfer.[1] However, in the 1962 extraordinary form of the Roman Rite, the Immaculate Conception outranks the Second Sunday of Advent and so remains on 8 December.[25]
In Hawaii, the Feast of the Immaculate Conception and Christmas are the only Holy Days of Obligation, as decreed by the Bishop of Honolulu in 1992, pursuant to an indult from the Holy See and as approved by the national episcopal conference.[26]
Eastern Catholic Churches[edit]
Main articles: Canon law (Catholic Church) and Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches
The Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches (CCEO) lays down the relevant norms regarding holy days of obligations for Eastern Catholic Churches. There are five holy days of obligation, beyond Sundays, specified as common to all of the Eastern Churches:[27]
The Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ (Christmas)
The Epiphany
The Ascension
The Holy Apostles Peter and Paul
The Dormition of Holy Mary, the Mother of God
The CCEO provides that only the "supreme authority" of the Church can "establish, transfer or suppress feast days and days of penance which are common to all of the Eastern Churches," although the particular law of a sui juris Church can suppress one of these days or transfer it to Sunday, provided that said particular law has been approved by the Apostolic See.[28] The authority competent to establish the particular law of a sui iuris Church may constitute, transfer, or suppress other feast days and days of penance (i.e., ones that are not common to all the Eastern Churches), under certain conditions.[29]
The faithful of the Eastern Catholic Churches "are bound by the obligation to participate on Sundays and feast days in the Divine Liturgy or, according to the prescriptions or legitimate customs of their own Church sui iuris, in the celebration of the divine praises."[30]
Protestantism[edit]
Protestant churches teach that Christians have a duty to worship God in church every Sunday.[31] The Westminster Confession of Faith says:
This Sabbath is then kept holy unto the Lord, when men, after a due preparing of their hearts, and ordering of their common affairs beforehand, do not only observe an holy rest, all the day, from their own works, words, and thoughts about their worldly employments and recreations, but also are taken up, the whole time, in the public and private exercises of His worship, and in the duties of necessity and mercy.
—  Westminster Confession of Faith XXI.VIII
See also[edit]
Christianity portal
Principal Feast
Principal Holy Day
Liturgical year
Moveable feast
Ash Wednesday
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b McNamara, Edward (17 December 2013). "Feast of the Immaculate Conception". ZENIT News Agency. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Supremi Disciplinae".
Jump up ^ Codex Iuris Canonici canon 1247 (2017).
Jump up ^ General Norms for the Liturgical Year and the Calendar § 5.
Jump up ^ For instance, Ballyroan Parish, Dublin, Churches and Religious Institutions in or near Old Louisville, United States, Churches in Krynica, Poland
Jump up ^ Analecta Aartsbisdom Utrecht, jaargang 63, november/december 1990, p. 294-295
Jump up ^ Liturgical Calendar
Jump up ^ Feiertagsregelung Archived 2009-03-25 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ General Norms for the Liturgical Year and the Calendar, 7
Jump up ^ Celebrating the Season of Christmas, Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2002
Jump up ^ "A Catholic Should Know - Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong".
Jump up ^ NETservis s.r.o. xhtml,css-Jiri-Knytl. "Slavení je jeden z projevů křesťanského života".
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-01-04. Retrieved 2015-01-03.
Jump up ^ Hari Raya, Pesta dan Peringatan (in Indonesian), katolisitas.org, retrieved 2 November 2015
Jump up ^ RD B. Justisianto, 10 Hari Raya yang disamakan dengan Hari Minggu (in Indonesian), Gereja Katolik Paroki Santo Yakobus - Surabaya, retrieved 2 November 2015
Jump up ^ Liturgical Calendar for Ireland 2012 (Veritas 2011 ISBN 978-1-84730-333-2), p. 10
Jump up ^ "despite bishops opposition new years day becomes holy day in japan - ucanews.com". ucanews.com.
Jump up ^ "Assumption speaks to Japan's Catholics, missionary says". Catholic News Agency.
Jump up ^ "Days of Obligation & Services". Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Singapore.
Jump up ^ Påbjudna helgdagar, Catholic Diocese of Stockholm
Jump up ^ Is Ascension a Holy Day of Obligation? Scott P. Richert, About.com
Jump up ^ Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter, 2016-2017 Ordo, quoted in Mahon, Christopher (17 April 2017). "Going against the flow to preserve our Anglican tradition". Anglicanorum Coetibus Society Blog. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Complementary Norm to Canon 1246, §2 - Holy Days Of Obligation". United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. 17 November 1992. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Congregation for Divine Worship (14 February 1969). "General Norms for the Liturgical Year and the Calendar". EWTN. Retrieved 13 May 2017. See nos. 59-60.
Jump up ^ See "The Rubrics of the Roman Breviary and Missal," no. 91, printed in "The New Rubrics of the Roman Breviary and Missal" (PDF). Surry Hills, NSW: The Catholic Press Newspaper. 1960. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Liturgical Calendar for the Dioceses of the United States of America 2014, p. 6. no. 6.
Jump up ^ "Canon 880 §3". The relevant canon specifies the feasts by name and does not assign their celebration to a particular calendar date.
Jump up ^ "Canon 880 §§1,3".
Jump up ^ "Canon 880 §2".
Jump up ^ "Canon 881 §1".
Jump up ^ White, James F (2003-02-28). Protestant Worship and Church Architecture. ISBN 9781592441631.
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