text:
Disney's Art of Animation Resort
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Disney's Art of Animation Resort
Location
ESPN Wide World of Sports Resort Area
Resort type
Value resort
Opened
May 31, 2012
Theme
Walt Disney characters
Areas
Cars
Finding Nemo
The Lion King
The Little Mermaid
Rooms
984
Suites
1,120
Green lodge
yes
Disney's Art of Animation Resort is a resort within Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. It is located where construction on the unfinished half of Disney's Pop Century Resort was started but later abandoned after the September 11 attacks.
The resort is the first to be built in the complex in over seven years and the fifth to be placed in the value-priced category, along with Disney's All-Star Sports Resort, the All-Star Music Resort, the All-Star Movies Resort, and Disney's Pop Century Resort. Family suites opened on May 31, 2012, and standard rooms opened on September 15, 2012.[1]
Overview[edit]
An incomplete Pop Century Legendary Years building can be seen across the Hourglass Lake. The Generation Gap Bridge would have connected both halves of the resort.
Originally, the land the Art of Animation Resort occupies was planned to be part of Disney's Pop Century Resort as part of the "Legendary Years" section. Several buildings were constructed for these plans, some even to the point of adding decorative details. While one-half of Pop Century (the "Classic Years") opened in 2003, the other half was left abandoned following the tourism halt after the September 11 attacks on the United States.[2]
Disney started to prepare the land for the resort in January 2010, and construction began in the summer of that year.[3] At the time of this announcement on May 12, 2010, Disney did not say how much construction is expecting to cost, but it was mentioned that approximately 800 jobs would be produced.[2]
When the "Legendary Years" buildings were first being made, a bridge named the Generation Gap Bridge was constructed to connect both parts of Pop Century and made them accessible to each other. The bridge connects Pop Century to the Finding Nemo section of the Art of Animation Resort.
Theming[edit]
The resort is designed "with families in mind." It features four of Disney's popular character themes: Cars, Finding Nemo, The Lion King, and The Little Mermaid. Much like the other Disney Value Resorts, giant versions of various items are built around the hotel on each of the ten wings, such as a 35-foot (11 m) model of King Triton. In total, there are 1,984 rooms. of which 1,120 are family suites capable of housing up to six people, featuring living rooms and bedrooms. The remaining 864 sport the standard value layout.[3][4] The resort has a total of ten buildings, as well as three themed pools.
Finding Nemo: The Finding Nemo section of the resort is themed with the ocean setting featured in the film, with underwater plant and animal decorations throughout the buildings. This is the first area of the resort, which opened on May 31, 2012.
Cars: The Cars section of the resort is themed like the Cozy Cone Motel that has featured in the film. Resort buildings are themed with the movie's characters, including Lightning McQueen, Sally, Mater, and Luigi and Guido. The second section of the resort opened on June 18, 2012.
The Lion King: The Lion King section of the resort features a "natural" setting, such as that found in the wild. The third section of the resort opened its doors on August 10, 2012.
The Little Mermaid: The Little Mermaid section of the resort is themed with 600 cutout objects on resort balconies."Under the Sea" decorations are incorporated throughout the section.[5] This section of the resort has exterior walkways, where the other sections have enclosed interior walkways between the rooms. (This section uses a couple of buildings that were originally built for Pop Century's "Legendary Years" section before construction halted, which left them unfinished for years.) It opened on September 15, 2012, as the fourth and final section of the resort.
Dining and shopping[edit]
Landscape of Flavors - a food court selling American cuisine and deli style market items. The Landscape of Flavors Food Court serves omelets, pancakes, French toast, pizza, pasta, sandwiches, salads, burgers, burritos, ice cream and bakery items. The food court seats 606 people.
Pizza Delivery - pizza, sandwiches, salad, dessert and beverages are available in the evening for delivery to guest rooms.
Ink & Paint Shop - gift shop that offers a range of items from Disney souvenirs to Disney's Art of Animation themed clothing. The store also has grocery section that sells items including snacks, liquor, drinks, and sundries.
Gallery[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Disney's Art of Animation Resort.
Sign at the entrance to the Art of Animation Resort
Exterior of Animation Hall, central hall of the resort
Swimming pool within the Finding Nemo section of the resort
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Disney's Art of Animation Resort".
^ Jump up to: a b "New Disney hotel: Disney to build 2,000-room hotel dubbed Disney's Art of Animation Resort". TheDailyDisney.com. Retrieved June 6, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "More details on Disney's Art of Animation Resort". TheDisneyBlog.com. Retrieved June 10, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Disney's Art of Animation Resort Unveiled « Disney Parks Blog". Disneyparks.disney.go.com. May 12, 2010. Retrieved June 6, 2010.
Jump up ^ "First look at new Art of Animation Resort concept art and rooms shown at Destination D: Walt Disney World". Inside the Magic.
External links[edit]
Official website
Art of Animation Photo Gallery at HanBan Photos
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Coordinates: 28°21′0.98″N 81°32′54.59″W / 28.3502722°N 81.5484972°W / 28.3502722; -81.5484972
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Gymnosperm
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Gymnosperms
Temporal range: 370–0 Ma
PreЄ
Є
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Devonian - Present
Various gymnosperms.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Embryophyta
(unranked): Gymnospermae (paraphyletic)
Divisions
Pinophyta (or Coniferophyta) - Conifers
Ginkgophyta - Ginkgo
Cycadophyta - Cycads
Gnetophyta - Gnetum, Ephedra, Welwitschia
Encephalartos sclavoi cone, about 30 cm long
The gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes. The term "gymnosperm" comes from the Greek composite word γυμνόσπερμος (γυμνός gymnos, "naked" and σπέρμα sperma, "seed"), meaning "naked seeds". The name is based on the unenclosed condition of their seeds (called ovules in their unfertilized state). The non-encased condition of their seeds stands in contrast to the seeds and ovules of flowering plants (angiosperms), which are enclosed within an ovary. Gymnosperm seeds develop either on the surface of scales or leaves, which are often modified to form cones, or solitary as in Yew, Torreya, Ginkgo.[1]
The gymnosperms and angiosperms together compose the spermatophytes or seed plants. The gymnosperms are divided into six phyla. Organisms that belong to the Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Gnetophyta, and Pinophyta (also known as Coniferophyta) phyla are still in existence while those in the Pteridospermales and Cordaitales phyla are now extinct.[2]
By far the largest group of living gymnosperms are the conifers (pines, cypresses, and relatives), followed by cycads, gnetophytes (Gnetum, Ephedra and Welwitschia), and Ginkgo biloba (a single living species). Roots in some genera have fungal association with roots in the form of mycorrhiza (Pinus), while in some others (Cycas) small specialised roots called coralloid roots are associated with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria.
Contents
[hide]
1 Classification
2 Diversity and origin
3 Uses
4 Life cycle
5 Genetics
6 References
7 External links
Classification[edit]
Further information: Spermatophyte
In early classification schemes, the gymnosperms (Gymnospermae) were regarded as a "natural" group. There is conflicting evidence on the question of whether the living gymnosperms form a clade.[3][4] The fossil record of gymnosperms includes many distinctive taxa that do not belong to the four modern groups, including seed-bearing trees that have a somewhat fern-like vegetative morphology (the so-called "seed ferns" or pteridosperms.)[5] When fossil gymnosperms such as Bennettitales, Caytonia and the glossopterids are considered, it is clear that angiosperms are nested within a larger gymnosperm clade, although which group of gymnosperms is their closest relative remains unclear.
For the most recent classification on extant gymnosperms see Christenhusz et al. (2011).[6] There are 12 families, 83 known genera with a total of ca 1080 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 [7]).
Subclass Cycadidae
Order Cycadales
Family Cycadaceae: Cycas
Family Zamiaceae: Dioon, Bowenia, Macrozamia, Lepidozamia, Encephalartos, Stangeria, Ceratozamia, Microcycas, Zamia.
Subclass Ginkgoidae
Order Ginkgoales
Family Ginkgoaceae: Ginkgo
Subclass Gnetidae
Order Welwitschiales
Family Welwitschiaceae: Welwitschia
Order Gnetales
Family Gnetaceae: Gnetum
Order Ephedrales
Family Ephedraceae: Ephedra
Subclass Pinidae
Order Pinales
Family Pinaceae: Cedrus, Pinus, Cathaya, Picea, Pseudotsuga, Larix, Pseudolarix, Tsuga, Nothotsuga, Keteleeria, Abies
Order Araucariales
Family Araucariaceae: Araucaria, Wollemia, Agathis
Family Podocarpaceae: Phyllocladus, Lepidothamnus, Prumnopitys, Sundacarpus, Halocarpus, Parasitaxus, Lagarostrobos, Manoao, Saxegothaea, Microcachrys, Pherosphaera, Acmopyle, Dacrycarpus, Dacrydium, Falcatifolium, Retrophyllum, Nageia, Afrocarpus, Podocarpus
Order Cupressales
Family Sciadopityaceae: Sciadopitys
Family Cupressaceae: Cunninghamia, Taiwania, Athrotaxis, Metasequoia, Sequoia, Sequoiadendron, Cryptomeria, Glyptostrobus, Taxodium, Papuacedrus, Austrocedrus, Libocedrus, Pilgerodendron, Widdringtonia, Diselma, Fitzroya, Callitris (incl. Actinostrobus and Neocallitropsis), Thujopsis, Thuja, Fokienia, Chamaecyparis, Callitropsis, Cupressus, Juniperus, Xanthocyparis, Calocedrus, Tetraclinis, Platycladus, Microbiota
Family Taxaceae: Austrotaxus, Pseudotaxus, Taxus, Cephalotaxus, Amentotaxus, Torreya
Diversity and origin[edit]
There are more than 1000[1] extant or currently living species of gymnosperms in 88[1] plant genera belonging to 14 plant families.
It is widely accepted that the gymnosperms originated in the late Carboniferous period, replacing the lycopsid rainforests of the tropical region.[8] [9] This appears to have been the result of a whole genome duplication event around 319 million years ago.[10] Early characteristics of seed plants were evident in fossil progymnosperms of the late Devonian period around 383 million years ago. It has been suggested that during the mid-Mesozoic era, pollination of some extinct groups of gymnosperms was by extinct species of scorpionflies that had specialized proboscis for feeding on pollination drops. The scorpionflies likely engaged in pollination mutualisms with gymnosperms, long before the similar and independent coevolution of nectar-feeding insects on angiosperms.[11][12] Evidence has also been found that mid-Mesozoic gymnosperms were pollinated by Kalligrammatid lacewings, a now-extinct genus with members which (in an example of convergent evolution) resembled the modern butterflies that arose far later.[13]
Zamia integrifolia, a cycad native to Florida
Conifers are by far the most abundant extant group of gymnosperms with six to eight families, with a total of 65-70 genera and 600-630 species (696 accepted names).[14] Conifers are woody plants and most are evergreens.[15] The leaves of many conifers are long, thin and needle-like, other species, including most Cupressaceae and some Podocarpaceae, have flat, triangular scale-like leaves. Agathis in Araucariaceae and Nageia in Podocarpaceae have broad, flat strap-shaped leaves.
Cycads are the next most abundant group of gymnosperms, with two or three families, 11 genera, and approximately 338 species. A majority of cycads are native to tropical climates and are most abundantly found in regions near the equator. The other extant groups are the 95-100 species of Gnetales and one species of Ginkgo.[2]
Uses[edit]
Gymnosperms have major economic uses. Pine, fir, spruce, and cedar are all examples of conifers that are used for lumber, paper production, and resin. Some other common uses for gymnosperms are soap, varnish, nail polish, food, gum, and perfumes.
Life cycle[edit]
Example of gymnosperm lifecycle
Gymnosperms, like all vascular plants, have a sporophyte-dominant life cycle, which means they spend most of their life cycle with diploid cells, while the gametophyte (gamete-bearing phase) is relatively short-lived. Two spore types, microspores and megaspores, are typically produced in pollen cones or ovulate cones, respectively. Gametophytes, as with all heterosporous plants, develop within the spore wall. Pollen grains (microgametophytes) mature from microspores, and ultimately produce sperm cells. Megagametophytes develop from megaspores and are retained within the ovule. Gymnosperms produce multiple archegonia, which produce the female gamete. During pollination, pollen grains are physically transferred between plants from the pollen cone to the ovule. Pollen is usually moved by wind or insects. Whole grains enter each ovule through a microscopic gap in the ovule coat (integument) called the micropyle. The pollen grains mature further inside the ovule and produce sperm cells. Two main modes of fertilization are found in gymnosperms. Cycads and Ginkgo have motile sperm that swim directly to the egg inside the ovule, whereas conifers and gnetophytes have sperm with no flagella that are moved along a pollen tube to the egg. After syngamy (joining of the sperm and egg cell), the zygote develops into an embryo (young sporophyte). More than one embryo is usually initiated in each gymnosperm seed. The mature seed comprises the embryo and the remains of the female gametophyte, which serves as a food supply, and the seed coat.[16]
Genetics[edit]
The first published sequenced genome for any gymnosperm was the genome of Picea abies in 2013.[17]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Gymnosperms on The Plant List". Theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2013-07-24.
^ Jump up to: a b Raven, P.H. (2013). Biology of Plants. New York: W.H. Freeman and Co.
Jump up ^ Jeffrey D. Palmer; Douglas E. Soltis; Mark W. Chase (2004). "The plant tree of life: an overview and some points of view". American Journal of Botany. 91 (10): 1437–1445. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1437. PMID 21652302.
Jump up ^ Stevens, P. F. "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website - Seed Plant Evolution".
Jump up ^ Hilton, Jason, and Richard M. Bateman. 2006. Pteridosperms are the backbone of seed-plant phylogeny. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 133: 119-168 (abstract)
Jump up ^ Christenhusz, M.J.M.; Reveal, J.L.; Farjon, A.; Gardner, M.F.; Mill, R.R.; Chase, M.W. (2011). "A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 19: 55–70.
Jump up ^ Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. Magnolia Press. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
Jump up ^ Sahney, S.; Benton, M.J. & Falcon-Lang, H.J. (2010). "Rainforest collapse triggered Pennsylvanian tetrapod diversification in Euramerica" (PDF). Geology. 38 (12): 1079–1082. Bibcode:2010Geo....38.1079S. doi:10.1130/G31182.1.
Jump up ^ Campbell and Reece; Biology, Eighth edition
Jump up ^ Jiao Y, Wickett NJ, Ayyampalayam S, Chanderbali AS, Landherr L, Ralph PE, Tomsho LP, Hu Y, Liang H, Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Clifton SW, Schlarbaum SE, Schuster SC, Ma H, Leebens-Mack J, Depamphilis CW (2011) Ancestral polyploidy in seed plants and angiosperms. Nature
Jump up ^ Ollerton, J.; Coulthard, E. (2009). "Evolution of Animal Pollination". Science. 326 (5954): 808–809. doi:10.1126/science.1181154. PMID 19892970.
Jump up ^ Ren, D; Labandeira, CC; Santiago-Blay, JA; Rasnitsyn, A; et al. (2009). "A Probable Pollination Mode Before Angiosperms: Eurasian, Long-Proboscid Scorpionflies". Science. 326 (5954): 840–847. doi:10.1126/science.1178338. PMC 2944650  . PMID 19892981.
Jump up ^ Labandeira, Conrad C.; Yang, Qiang; Santiago-Blay, Jorge A.; Hotton, Carol L.; Monteiro, Antónia; Wang, Yong-Jie; Goreva, Yulia; Shih, ChungKun; Siljeström, Sandra; Rose, Tim R.; Dilcher, David L.; Ren, Dong. "The evolutionary convergence of mid-Mesozoic lacewings and Cenozoic butterflies". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 283 (1824): 20152893. doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.2893. PMC 4760178  . PMID 26842570.
Jump up ^ Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual checklist - Conifer database Archived January 15, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Campbell, Reece, "Phylum Coniferophyta."Biology. 7th. 2005. Print. P.595
Jump up ^ Walters, Dirk R Walters Bonnie By (1996). Vascular plant taxonomy. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-7872-2108-9.
Jump up ^ Nystedt, B; Street, NR; Wetterbom, A; et al. (May 2013). "The Norway spruce genome sequence and conifer genome evolution". Nature. 497: 579–584. doi:10.1038/nature12211. PMID 23698360.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gymnosperm.
Gymnosperm Database
Gymnosperms on the Tree of Life
Albert Seward (1911). "Gymnosperms". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.).
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Lycopodiopsida
Euphyllophyta
(megaphylls)
Moniliformopses
(ferns)
†Cladoxylopsida
†Stauropteridales
†Zygopteridales
Equisetopsida
Psilotopsida
Marattiopsida
Filicopsida
Spermatophyta
(seed plants)
†Seed ferns
Gymnosperms
Gnetopsida
Pinopsida
Cycadopsida
Ginkgoopsida
Angiosperms or flowering plants
Amborellales
Nymphaeales
Austrobaileyales
Magnoliids
Monocots
Eudicots
Other
†Trimerophytopsida
†Progymnosperm
Other
†Rhyniopsida
† = extinct. See also the list of plant orders.
[show]
v
t
e
Nuts
True, or botanical nuts
Acorn
Beech
American beech
European beech
Breadnut
Candlenut
Chestnut
Sweet chestnut
Hazelnut
American hazel
Beaked hazel
European hazel
Filbert
Asian hazel
Johnstone River almond
Kola nut
Kurrajong
Malabar chestnut
Mongongo
Palm nut
Karuka
Planted karuka
Wild karuka
Red bopple nut
Yellow walnut
Drupes
Almond
Australian cashew nut
Betel nut
Borneo tallow nut
Breadfruit
Cashew
Chilean hazel
Coconut
Durian
Gabon nut
Hickory
Mockernut hickory
Pecan
Shagbark hickory
Shellbark hickory
Irvingia gabonensis
Jack nut
Panda oleosa
Pekea nut
Pili nut
Pistachio
Walnut
Black walnut
Butternut
English walnut
Heartnut
Gymnosperms
Cycad
Burrawang nut
Ginkgo nut
Araucaria spp.
Bunya nut
Monkey-puzzle nut
Pine nut
Chilgoza pine
Colorado pinyon
Korean pine
Mexican pinyon
Single-leaf pinyon
Stone pine
Angiosperms
Brazil nut
Macadamia
Macadamia nut
Queensland macadamia nut
Paradise nut
Peanut
Peanut tree
Soybean
Taxon identifiers
Wd: Q133712
EoL: 28872220
ITIS: 846506
Tropicos: 43000115
Authority control
GND: 4129481-6
NDL: 00569301
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gymnosperm&oldid=820812101"
Categories:
Gymnosperms
Plant taxonomy
Extant Late Devonian first appearances
Hidden categories:
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Articles with 'species' microformats
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text:
Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series, season 8)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Not to be confused with Hawaii Five-O (1968 TV series, season 8).
Hawaii Five-0 (season 8)
Hawaii Five-0 Season 8 Promotional Poster
Starring
Alex O'Loughlin
Scott Caan
Meaghan Rath
Jorge Garcia
Taylor Wily
Dennis Chun
Kimee Balmilero
Chi McBride
Beulah Koale
Ian Anthony Dale
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
14
Release
Original network
CBS
Original release
September 29, 2017 (2017-09-29) – present
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 7
List of Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series) episodes
The eighth season of the CBS police procedural drama series Hawaii Five-0 premiered on September 29, 2017 for the 2017–18 television season.[1] The season is expected to contain 24 episodes.[2][3]
This is the first season not to feature Daniel Dae Kim, Grace Park, and Masi Oka. This is also the first season to feature Meaghan Rath and Beulah Koale, who joined as new main cast members. In addition, longtime recurring cast members Dennis Chun, Kimee Balmilero, and Taylor Wily were promoted to series regulars, while other longtime recurring cast member Ian Anthony Dale joined as a series regular in the seventh episode.
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast and characters
1.1 Main cast
1.2 Recurring cast
1.3 Guest stars
2 Episodes
3 Production
3.1 Daniel Dae Kim's and Grace Park's departure controversies
3.2 Cast changes
4 Reception
4.1 Ratings
5 References
6 External links
Cast and characters[edit]
Main cast[edit]
Alex O'Loughlin as Lieutenant Commander Steven "Steve" McGarrett, United States Navy Reserve
Scott Caan as Detective Sergeant Daniel "Danny" "Danno" Williams, Honolulu Police Department
Meaghan Rath as Officer Tani Rey
Jorge Garcia as Special Consultant Jerry Ortega
Taylor Wily as Kamekona Tupuola
Dennis Chun as Sergeant Duke Lukela, Honolulu Police Department
Kimee Balmilero as Dr. Noelani Cunha
Chi McBride as Captain Lou Grover, Honolulu Police Department
Beulah Koale as Police Candidate, later Officer assigned to Five-0 Task Force, Junior Reigns
Ian Anthony Dale as Adam Noshimuri
Recurring cast[edit]
Paige Hurd as Samantha Grover
Teilor Grubbs as Grace Williams
Zach Sulzbach as Charlie Williams
Shawn Mokuahi Garnett as Flippa Tupuola
Chosen Jacobs as Will Grover
Al Harrington as Mamo Kahike
Shawn Anthony Thomsen as Pua Kai
Claire Forlani as Alicia Brown
Andrew Lawrence as Eric Russo
Kunal Sharma as Koa Rey
Kekoa Kekumano as Nahele Huikala
Christine Ko as Jessie Nomura
Guest stars[edit]
Joey Lawrence as Aaron Wright, brother of world-class hacker Ian Wright
Randy Couture as Jason Duclair
Bob McCracken as DEA Agent Chris Reid
Casper Van Dien as Roger Niles
Chris Vance as Harry Langford, former MI6 agent
Steven Brand as John Walcott
Derek Mio as Derek Okada
Leonardo Nam as Harley Taylor
Reggie Lee as Joey Kang
Will Yun Lee as Sang Min
Lili Simmons as Melissa Armstrong
Erika Brown as adult Grace Williams
Joey Defore as 20 year-old Charlie Williams
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series) episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
169
1 "A'ole e 'olelo mai ana ke ahi ua ana ia"
"Fire Will Never Say that It Has Had Enough" Bryan Spicer Peter M. Lenkov & Eric Guggenheim & Rob Hanning September 29, 2017 (2017-09-29) 801 8.64[4]
Five-0 investigates a world class hacker (Joey Lawrence), who turns out to be the brother of serial hacker Ian Wright, after the former hacks into the Hawaii State prison and releases serial murderer/arsonist Jason DuClair (Randy Couture). DuClair soon leads the team on a manhunt that ends with a massive wildfire. With Kono and Chin on the mainland running their own respective task forces, McGarrett and Danny recruit lifeguard and former police candidate Tani Rey (Meaghan Rath) to join the task force to assist them but she is reluctant to do so. Meanwhile, McGarrett and Danny begin to invest in a restaurant.
Note: This is the first episode to feature Meaghan Rath, Taylor Wily, Dennis Chun and Kimee Balmilero as series regulars.
170
2 "Na La 'Ilio"
"Dog Days" Tara Miele David Wolkove & Matt Wheeler October 6, 2017 (2017-10-06) 803 8.53[5]
After a failed DEA drug bust Five-0 teams up with them to solve the case. Also former Navy SEAL Junior Reigns (Beulah Koale) turns to McGarrett looking for a job. Steve initially turns him down however, after he insists Steve introduces him to Duke Lukela then informs Junior that to become a part of the task force he will need to join and finish the Police academy.
Note: This is the first episode to feature Beulah Koale as a series regular.
171
3 "Kau pahi, ko'u kua. Kau pu, ko'u po'o"
"Your Knife, My Back. My Gun, Your Head." Eagle Egilsson David Wolkove & Matt Wheeler October 13, 2017 (2017-10-13) 802 8.51[6]
Five-0 with the help of former MI6 agent Harry Langford (guest star Chris Vance) investigate the murder of Jimmy Okada and 9 members of his crime family. After his son Derek sends men to take out John Walcott, Five-0 discovers that Walcott was more than a piano teacher, and that he was out seeking revenge for the death of his son Aiden, who died in a hit and run that Okada was responsible for. Also, Danny and Steve try their best by making dinner for Langford and his date.
172
4 "E uhi wale no 'a'ole e nalo, he imu puhi"
"No Matter How Much One Covers a Steaming Imu, The Smoke Will Rise" Antonio Negret Rob Hanning October 20, 2017 (2017-10-20) 804 8.67[7]
Five-0’s confidential informant Toast is murdered during a phone call between him and McGarrett. Five-0 turns to Aaron Wright (Joey Lawrence) for help, but when Tani is ambushed in the hotel room with Wright, the team realise that Wright is behind the leak of their confidential informants. Kamekona is abducted by Joey Kang and beaten for information about lost money that Kang lost before he was captured. On another hand, Junior is proving efficient at the shooting field at the HPD academy, but after McGarrett finds him at a building set up for homeless people, he decides Junior can live with him while finishing at the academy.
173
5 "Kama'oma'o, ka 'aina huli hana"
"At Kama'oma'o, The Land of Activities" Bronwen Hughes Peter M. Lenkov & Eric Guggenheim November 3, 2017 (2017-11-03) 805 8.63[8]
On Halloween, Five-0; later with the help of Alicia Brown (Claire Forlani) investigate the death of Tyler Riggins who is found dead in his truck stranded on the old Pali Highway. They are able to connect the recent murder of Bryon Hansen with Riggins’ murder, and discover that the murders are heavily based on old Hawaiian folklore and that it is the killers pattern. They later discover that the killer is Marissa Walker who has been missing for 12 years, and see her killings as her active revenge towards her sister. After talking to Hannah Bell, her daughter Lucey is kidnapped by Walker. Five-0 manage to rescue Lucey before Walker can finish recreating what happened to herself. In the meantime, on the mainland; Grover speaks to a captive named Sebastian Wake, who reveals true information about Clay Maxwell murdering his wife before he is executed.
174
6 "Mohala I Ka Wai Ka Maka O Ka Pua"
"Unfolded by the Water Are the Faces of the Flowers" Carlos Bernard Eric Guggenheim & Zoe Robyn November 10, 2017 (2017-11-10) 808 9.21[9]
When a man with a multiple personality disorder including a child and a protective father takes on the identity of a Honolulu Police Department officer and commits a series of murders Five-0 must do everything they can to find him. Also Steve's friends hold an intervention and hire a stress evaluator to try and help McGarrett reduce his stress.
175
7 "Kau Ka ‘Onohi Ali’i I Luna"
"The Royal Eyes Rest Above" Bryan Spicer Peter M. Lenkov & Eric Guggenheim November 17, 2017 (2017-11-17) 807 9.17[10]
After picking up Adam (Ian Anthony Dale) up from the airport McGarrett receives a call from Junior about a bank robbery in progress. Adam, Junior, and Steve then enter the bank and learn that the criminals escaped through a tunneled out hole in the safe. Steve pursues them through the tunnel while Adam and Junior follow on the street. Following an unsuccessful pursuit they then question a suspect who is then killed by one of the bank robbers while in the Iolani Palace. McGarrett and Grover pursue the suspects and are able to apprehend them following a gunfight. Also Tani keeps her brother from being arrested in a drug bust while Adam is forced to return to an empty home without Kono.
Note: This is the first episode to feature Ian Anthony Dale as a series regular.
176
8 "He Kaha Lu'u Ke Ala, Mai Ho'okolo Aku"
"The Trail Leads To A Diving Place; Do Not Follow After" Ron Underwood Liz Alper & Ally Seibert December 1, 2017 (2017-12-01) 806 8.56[11]
Five-0 is asked to investigate the plane crash of a stunt plane, which took the life of the famous stunt pilot Jason Sachs. Despite being refused access to investigate evidence by the NTSB, the team discovers it was a cover up, and take the lead investigator Callahan into custody. It’s later revealed that the real Sachs died in a car crash 6 years ago, and that the one that died was actually Luke Nixon, who had been going in as an informant undercover in the Guillermo crime family. The team manages to rescue Nixon’s wife and her son who were taken hostage by members of the crime family. Also, when a stunt plane happens to crash with Steve in it taking over for Nixon, he successfully manages to land.
177
9 "Make Me Kai"
"Death at Sea" Maja Vrvilo David Wolkove & Matt Wheeler December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08) 809 9.07[12]
Five-0 investigates a woman who was found adrift from shore unconscious. McGarrett, Danny, Tani and Junior discover a yacht abandoned at sea and find 11 dead bodies, however, McGarrett suspects that these victims were killed with a deadly bioweapon and fears that he and his team are exposed. Meanwhile, Adam, Grover and Jerry have only 8 hours to track down the people responsible and find a antidote to save the team.
178
10 "I Ka Wa Ma Mua, I Ka Wa Ma Hope"
"The Future is in the Past" Peter Weller Zoe Robyn December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15) 810 8.48[13]
Following the events of the previous episode the team is recovering at the hospital in quarantine. The room is breached and Danny is shot. The team is unable to leave the room because an explosive is placed on the door. While Steve performs life saving operations on Danny the bomb squad breaches the room and Danny receives the treatment he needs. Also while unconscious Danny dreams of a future where Grace is marrying Will Grover, Charlie becomes a member of the Honolulu Police Department and is offered a job on Five-0 by Tani, Adam and Kono have a child, and Tani is the new leader of the Five-0 Task Force at the rank of Captain and is married to Junior.
179
11 "Oni Kalalea Ke Ku A Ka La'au Loa"
"A Tall Tree Stands Above the Others" Tara Miele Rob Hanning December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15) 811 7.71[13]
On Christmas Eve, Danny tells Charlie a bedtime story about injured veterans helping Five-0 after Steve witnesses the aftermath of a gang of robbers dressed as Santa Claus. Also Junior officially becomes a member of the Five-0 Task Force.
180
12 "Ka Hopu Nui 'Ana"
"The Round Up" Eagle Egilsson David Wolkove & Matt Wheeler January 5, 2018 (2018-01-05) 812 9.96[14]
When a government task-force is set up in the state with a goal to reduce gang related violence a member of the task force is killed in a bombing. The Five-0 Task Force teams up with the government task-force, HPD, and the National Guard to solve the murder. Also Steve asks Adam to head up a special division within the Five-0 Task Force which focuses solely on organized crime which he accepts.
181
13 "O Ka Mea Ua Hala, Ua Hala Ia"
"What is Gone is Gone" Roderick Davis Sean O'Reilly January 12, 2018 (2018-01-12) 813 9.38[15]
When Lou and his son come across a man attempting to commit suicide Grover attempts to talk to him down while the rest of the team investigates the case in an attempt to prove his innocence.
182
14 "Na Keiki A Kalaihaohia"
"The Children of Kalaihaohia" Peter Weller Story by : Peter M. Lenkov
Teleplay by : Eric Guggenheim January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19) 814 9.14[16]
After Steve and Danny's restaurant is robbed, McGarrett and Danny enlist help from Pua Kai at the Honolulu police to track down their stolen tools. Meanwhile, Five-0 investigates a diamond smuggler corpse stolen from a graveyard, they must track down his partner before the stolen diamonds are smuggled out of Hawaii. Also, Adam recruits is first member of his organized crime task force as a confidential informant at the same time helps Tani’s brother get a job in construction.
183
15 "He puko'a kani 'aina"[17]
"A Coral Reef Strengthens Out into Land" Bryan Spicer David Wolkove & Matt Wheeler February 2, 2018 (2018-02-02) 815 TBD
Production[edit]
On March 23, 2017, CBS renewed the series for an eighth season, which premiered on September 29, 2017.[18][19] Filming for the season began in July 2017.
Daniel Dae Kim's and Grace Park's departure controversies[edit]
On June 30, 2017, ahead of the series's eighth season, it was announced that series regulars Daniel Dae Kim and Grace Park would be departing the series due to a salary dispute with CBS. Kim and Park had been seeking pay equality with co-stars Alex O'Loughlin and Scott Caan, but did not reach satisfactory deals with CBS Television Studios. CBS's final offer to Kim and Park was 10–15% lower than what O'Loughlin and Caan make in salary.[20] An update of their characters would be given in the first episode of the new season.[21]
Cast changes[edit]
Following Kim's and Park's departures it was announced that longtime recurring cast member Ian Anthony Dale who portrays Kono Kalakaua's husband Adam Noshimuri had been upped to series regular for the eighth season. It was also announced that Meaghan Rath and Beulah Koale would join the series as new characters and new members of Five-0.[22]
On July 21, 2017, it was announced that recurring cast members Taylor Wily, Kimee Balmilero, and Dennis Chun would also be upped to series regulars for the eighth season.[23]
Reception[edit]
Ratings[edit]
List of live and DVR ratings [show]
№
Episode
Air date
18-49
rating
Viewers
(millions)
Weekly
rank
Live+7
18-49
Live+7 viewers
(millions)
1 A'ole e 'olelo mai ana ke ahi ua ana ia September 29, 2017 1.0[4] 8.64[4] #22[24] 1.8[25] 11.91[25]
2 Na La 'Ilio October 6, 2017 1.1[5] 8.53[5] #16[26] N/A 11.55[27]
3 Kau pahi, ko'u kua. Kau pu, ko'u po'o October 13, 2017 1.0[6] 8.51[6] #16[28] N/A 11.39[29]
4 E uhi wale no 'a'ole e nalo, he imu puhi October 20, 2017 1.0[7] 8.67[7] #15[30] 1.7[31] 11.54[31]
5 Kama'oma'o, ka 'aina huli hana November 3, 2017 0.9[8] 8.63[8] #15[32] 1.6[33] 11.56[33]
6 Mohala I Ka Wai Ka Maka O Ka Pua November 10, 2017 1.1[9] 9.21[9] #17[34] N/A 12.13[35]
7 Kau Ka ‘Onohi Ali’i I Luna November 17, 2017 1.0[10] 9.17[10] #16[36] N/A 11.87[37]
8 He Kaha Lu'u Ke Ala, Mai Ho'okolo Aku December 1, 2017 0.9[11] 8.56[11] #17[38] 1.6[39] 11.70[39]
9 Make Me Kai December 8, 2017 1.1[12] 9.07[12] #9[40] 1.7[41] 11.95[41]
10 I Ka Wa Ma Mua, I Ka Wa Ma Hope December 15, 2017 0.9[13] 8.48[13] #13[42] TBA TBA
11 Oni Kalalea Ke Ku A Ka La'au Loa December 15, 2017 0.9[13] 7.71[13] #15[42] TBA TBA
12 Ka Hopu Nui 'Ana January 5, 2018 1.2[14] 9.96[14] #8[43] TBA TBA
13 Na Keiki A Kalaihaohia January 12, 2018 1.1[15] 9.38[15] #10[44] TBA TBA
14 Oni Kalalea Ke Ku A Ka La'au Loa January 19, 2018 1.0[16] 9.14[16] #10[45] TBA TBA
15 He puko'a kani'aina February 2, 2018 TBA TBA TBA TBA TBA
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Webb Mitovich, Matt (July 19, 2017). "Hawaii Five-0 Gives Kono's Husband a Promotion, Adds Two in Cast Shake-Up". TV Line. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Shows A-Z - hawaii five-0 on cbs". The Futon Critic. September 1, 2017. Retrieved September 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Development Update: Monday, November 6". The Futon Critic. United State: Futon Media. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Porter, Rick (October 2, 2017). "'Hell's Kitchen' premiere adjusts up: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Porter, Rick (October 9, 2017). "'Hawaii Five-0' and 'Hell's Kitchen' adjust up, 'Exorcist' adjusts down: Friday final ratings". Retrieved October 9, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Welch, Alex (October 16, 2017). "'Hell's Kitchen,' 'MacGyver,' 'Once Upon a Time,' & more remain unchanged: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Porter, Rick (October 23, 2017). "'Jane the Virgin,' 'Hawaii Five-0,' all others unchanged: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Porter, Rick (November 6, 2017). "'Hawaii Five-0,' 'Once Upon a Time' and others unchanged: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Porter, Rick (November 13, 2017). "'Hawaii Five-0,' 'Hell's Kitchen,' everything else unchanged: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Porter, Rick (November 20, 2017). "'Hell's Kitchen,' 'MacGyver' and all others unchanged: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 20, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Porter, Rick (December 4, 2017). "'Blue Bloods' and 'The Exorcist' adjust down: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Porter, Rick (December 11, 2017). "'Blue Bloods' adjusts down: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Porter, Rick (December 18, 2017). "'Hawaii Five-0' adjusts down: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Porter, Rick (January 8, 2018). "'Child Support,' 'MacGyver,' everything else steady: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Porter, Rick (January 16, 2018). "'Hawaii Five-0' adjusts up: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 16, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Porter, Rick (January 22, 2018). "'Penn & Teller: Fool Us' rerun adjusts down: Friday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ "(#HF815) "He puko'a kani 'aina (A Coral Reef Strengthens Out into Land)"". The Futon Critic. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (March 23, 2017). "CBS Renews 5 Freshman & 11 Returning Series, Including 'MacGyver', 'Superior Donuts', 'Life In Pieces' & 'Hawaii Five-O'". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on March 23, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (June 1, 2017). "CBS Sets Fall 2017 Premiere Dates For 'Young Sheldon', '9 JKL' & Returning Series". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on June 1, 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ryan, Maureen. "Daniel Dae Kim, Grace Park Exit 'Hawaii Five-0'". Variety.com. Archived from the original on July 7, 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Abrams, Natalie (June 30, 2017). "Hawaii Five-0 shocker: Grace Park, Daniel Dae Kim exit ahead of season 8". Archived from the original on June 30, 2017. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (July 19, 2017). "'Hawaii Five-0': Ian Anthony Dale Upped To Regular, Meaghan Rath & Beulah Koale Join Cast After Shake-Up". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Hawaii actors Chun, Wily, Balmilero join main 'Five-0' cast". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. 2017-07-21. Retrieved 2017-07-25.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 3, 2017). "'Big Bang Theory,' 'Sunday Night Football' score in week 1 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (October 13, 2017). "'This Is Us' and 'The Good Doctor' score big in premiere week broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 10, 2017). "NFL times 2 dominates the week 2 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 18, 2017). "'The Orville,' 'Once Upon a Time,' 5 more shows double in week 2 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers.com. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 17, 2017). "NFL, 'Big Bang Theory' and 'NCIS' lead week 3's broadcast Top 25 and network rankings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 25, 2017). "'The Good Doctor' is the most-watched show on TV in week 3 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 24, 2017). "'This Is Us' and NFL carry NBC to 18-49 victory in week 4 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 2, 2017). "'Chicago PD,' 10 more shows double in week 4 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 7, 2017). "World Series, 'Big Bang Theory' lead week 6 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 17, 2017). "'This Is Us' and 12 more shows double in week 6 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 14, 2017). "NFL and 'This Is Us' carry NBC to victory in week 7 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 27, 2017). "'This Is Us' rides high in week 7 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 21, 2017). "NFL carries NBC to victory again: Week 8 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 5, 2017). "'Jane the Virgin,' 10 other shows double in week 8 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 5, 2017). "Football reigns supreme in week 10 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (December 15, 2017). "CW crossovers get another bump in week 10 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 12, 2017). "'The Voice,' 'Will & Grace' and of course NFL carry NBC to the top: Week 11 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (December 21, 2017). "'Agents of SHIELD' gets a good bump in week 11 broadcast Live +7 ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (December 19, 2017). "Football powers NBC and CBS to the top in week 12 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (January 9, 2018). "NFL playoffs, Golden Globes carry NBC to No. 1: Week 15 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (January 17, 2018). "NFL playoffs boost CBS and FOX: Week 16 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (January 23, 2018). "FOX dominates, ABC gets a boost in week 17 broadcast Top 25 and network rankings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
External links[edit]
Official website
List of Hawaii Five-0 episodes on IMDb
List of Hawaii Five-0 episodes at TV.com
List of Hawaii Five-0 episodes at The Futon Critic
Hawaii Five-0 at epguides.com
[hide]
v
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Hawaii Five-O and Hawaii Five-0
Characters
Wo Fat
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Seasons
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9
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Other
Episodes
Hawaii Five-0
(2010–present)
Seasons
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Episodes
"Pilot"
"Ina Paha (If Perhaps)"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hawaii_Five-0_(2010_TV_series,_season_8)&oldid=822336951"
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Subcutaneous injection
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Subcut" redirects here. For the song by Grand Mixer DXT featuring Bill Laswell, see Aftermathematics.
Play media
3D animation of a subcutaneous injection
A subcutaneous injection is administered as a bolus into the subcutis,[1] the layer of skin directly below the dermis and epidermis, collectively referred to as the cutis. Subcutaneous injections are highly effective in administering vaccines and medications such as insulin, morphine, diacetylmorphine and goserelin. Subcutaneous, as opposed to intravenous, injection of recreational drugs is referred to as "skin popping". Subcutaneous administration may be abbreviated as SC, SQ, sub-cu, sub-Q, SubQ, or subcut. Subcut is the preferred abbreviation for patient safety.[2]
Subcutaneous tissue has few blood vessels and so drugs injected here are for slow, sustained rates of absorption.[3] It is slower than intramuscular injections but still faster than intradermal injections.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Injection sites
2 Equipment
3 Procedure
4 Subcutaneous insulin injections in diabetes mellitus
5 See also
6 References
Injection sites[edit]
Subcutaneous injection sites
Sites include,[3]
The outer area of the upper arm.
The abdomen, from the rib margin to the iliac crest and avoiding a 2-inch circle around the navel. This has the fastest rate of absorption among the sites.
The front of the thigh, midway to the outer side, 4 inches below the top of the thigh to 4 inches above the knee. This has a slower rate of absorption than the upper arm.
The upper back.
The upper area of the buttock, just behind the hip bone. This has the slowest rate of absorption among the sites.
Equipment[edit]
A 25 to 31 gauge thick, 3/8" to 1" long needle can be used. The size is determined by the amount of subcutaneous tissue present, which is based on patient build. The 3/8" and 5/8" needles are most commonly used. Usually, no more than 1 mL of solution is given, compared to intradermal injections, where no more than 0.5 mL is usually given.[3]
Procedure[edit]
Subcutaneous injections are inserted at 45 to 90 degree angles, depending on amount of subcutaneous tissue present and length of needle- a shorter, 3/8" needle is usually inserted 90 degrees and a 5/8" needle is usually inserted at 45 degrees. Medication is administered slowly, about 10 seconds/milliliter.[3]
Subcutaneous insulin injections in diabetes mellitus[edit]
An insulin pump with a subcutaneous injection site.
A person with insulin-dependent (either type 1 or type 2) diabetes mellitus typically injects insulin subcutaneously.[4]
The injection should be given under the skin, into the fat layer.
See also[edit]
Intramuscular injection
Intravenous injection
Intradermal injection
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "subcutaneous injection" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
Jump up ^ "ISMP's List of Error-Prone Abbreviations, Symbols,and Dose Designations" (PDF). www.ismp.org. 2013. Retrieved 13 May 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Taylor, C. R., Lillis, C., LeMone, P., Lynn, P. (2011) Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, page 749.
Jump up ^ "Insulin Administration". Diabetes Care. 25 (suppl 1): s112–s115. January 2002. doi:10.2337/diacare.25.2007.s112.
[hide]
v
t
e
Routes of administration, dosage forms
Oral
Digestive
tract (enteral)
Solids
Pill
Tablet
Capsule
Pastille
Time release technology
Osmotic delivery system (OROS)
Liquids
Decoction
Elixir
Electuary
Emulsion
Extended-release syrup
Effervescent powder or tablet
Herbal tea
Hydrogel
Molecular encapsulation
Powder
Softgel
Solution
Suspension
Syrup
Syrup Concentrate for dilution and/or addition of carbonated water
Tincture
Buccal (sublabial), sublingual
Solids
Orally disintegrating tablet (ODT)
Film
Lollipop
Sublingual drops
Lozenges
Effervescent buccal tablet
Chewing gum
Liquids
Mouthwash
Toothpaste
Ointment
Oral spray
Respiratory
tract
Solids
Smoking device
Dry-powder inhaler (DPI)
0
0
Liquids
Anaesthetic vaporizer
Vaporizer
Nebulizer
Metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
Gas
Oxygen mask and Nasal cannula
Oxygen concentrator
Anaesthetic machine
Relative analgesia machine
Ophthalmic,
otologic, nasal
Nasal spray
Ear drops
Eye drops
Ointment
Hydrogel
Nanosphere suspension
Insufflation
Mucoadhesive microdisc (microsphere tablet)
Urogenital
Ointment
Pessary (vaginal suppository)
Vaginal ring
Vaginal douche
Intrauterine device (IUD)
Extra-amniotic infusion
Intravesical infusion
Rectal (enteral)
Ointment
Suppository
Enema
Solution
Hydrogel
Murphy drip
Nutrient enema
Dermal
Ointment
Topical cream
Topical gel
Liniment
Paste
Film
DMSO drug solution
Electrophoretic dermal delivery system
Hydrogel
Liposomes
Transfersome vesicles
Cream
Lotion
Lip balm
Medicated shampoo
Dermal patch
Transdermal patch
Contact (rubbed into break in the skin)
Transdermal spray
Jet injector
Injection,
infusion
(into tissue/blood)
Skin
Intradermal
Subcutaneous
Transdermal implant
Organs
Intracavernous
Intravitreal
Intra-articular injection
Transscleral
Central nervous system
Intracerebral
Intrathecal
Epidural
Circulatory, musculoskeletal
Intravenous
Intracardiac
Intramuscular
Intraosseous
Intraperitoneal
Nanocell injection
Patient-Controlled Analgesia pump
PIC line
Category
WikiProject
Pharmacy portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subcutaneous_injection&oldid=827949994"
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Routes of administration
Injection (medicine)
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text:
Government revenue
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Public finance
Policies[show]
Agricultural
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Investment
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Fiscal
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Policy mix
Fiscal policy[show]
Budget
policy
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external
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deficit
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v
t
e
Government revenue is money received by a government. It is an important tool of the fiscal policy of the government and is the opposite factor of government spending. Revenues earned by the government are received from sources such as taxes levied on the incomes and wealth accumulation of individuals and corporations and on the goods and services produced, exports and imports, non-taxable sources such as government-owned corporations' incomes, central bank revenue and capital receipts in the form of external loans and debts from international financial institutions. It is used to benefit the country. Governments use revenue to better develop the country, to fix roads, build homes, fix schools etc. The money that government collects pays for the services that is provided for the people. The sources of finance used by the central government are mainly taxes paid by the public.
Seignorage is one of the ways a government can increase revenue, by deflating the value of its currency in exchange for surplus revenue, by saving money this way Governments can increase the price of goods too far.
Contents
[hide]
1 Sources
2 See also
3 Notes
4 References
Sources[edit]
Governments across the world earn "public revenue" from the following main sources:
Tax revenue
Non-tax revenue
Capital receipts
See also[edit]
Government budget
Government budget by country
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Revenue". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
This government-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
v
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This finance-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government_revenue&oldid=828959404"
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