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Epistle to the Galatians
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The Epistle to the Galatians, often shortened to Galatians, is the ninth book of the New Testament. It is a letter from Paul the Apostle to a number of Early Christian communities in Galatia. Scholars have suggested that this is either the Roman province of Galatia in southern Anatolia, or a large region defined by an ethnic group of Celtic people in central Anatolia.[1]
Paul is principally concerned with the controversy surrounding Gentile Christians and the Mosaic Law during the Apostolic Age. Paul argues that the Gentile Galatians do not need to adhere to the tenets of the Mosaic Law, particularly circumcision, by contextualizing the role of the law in light of the revelation of Christ. Galatians has exerted enormous influence on the history of Christianity, the development of Christian theology, and the study of the apostle Paul.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Composition
1.1 Authenticity
1.2 Galatia
1.2.1 North Galatian view
1.2.2 South Galatian view
1.2.3 Earliest epistle
2 Outline
3 Contents
4 Significance
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Composition[edit]
No original of the letter is known to survive. The earliest reasonably complete version available to scholars today, named P46, dates to approximately the year 200 AD, approximately 150 years after the original was presumably drafted.[3] This papyrus is fragmented in a few areas, causing some of the original text carefully preserved over the years to be missing, "however, through careful research relating to paper construction, handwriting development, and the established principles of textual criticism, scholars can be rather certain about where these errors and changes appeared and what the original text probably said."[4]
Some scholars date the original composition to c. 50–60 AD.[5] Other scholars agree that Galatians was written between the late 40s and early 50s.[6]
Authenticity[edit]
Main article: Authorship of the Pauline Epistles
Biblical scholars agree that Galatians is a true example of Paul's writing. The main arguments in favor of the authenticity of Galatians include its style and themes, which are common to the core letters of the Pauline corpus.[citation needed] Moreover, Paul's possible description of the Council of Jerusalem (Gal.2:1–10) gives a different point of view from the description in Acts 15:2–29, if it is, in fact, describing the Jerusalem Council.[7]
The central dispute in the letter concerns the question of how Gentiles could convert to Christianity, which shows that this letter was written at a very early stage in church history, when the vast majority of Christians were Jewish or Jewish proselytes, which historians refer to as the Jewish Christians. Another indicator that the letter is early is that there is no hint in the letter of a developed organization within the Christian community at large. This puts it during the lifetime of Paul himself.[7]
Nevertheless, a small number of scholars have questioned Paul's authorship of Galatians, such as Bruno Bauer, Abraham Loman, C. H. Weisse and Frank R. McGuire.[8]
Galatia[edit]
Paul's letter is addressed "to the churches of Galatia" (Galatians 1:2), but the location of these churches is a matter of debate. A minority of scholars have argued that the "Galatia" is an ethnic reference to a Celtic people living in northern Asia Minor, but most agree that it is a geographical reference to the Roman province in central Asia Minor, which had been settled by immigrant Celts in the 270s BC and retained Gaulish features of culture and language in Paul's day. Acts of the Apostles records Paul traveling to the "region of Galatia and Phrygia", which lies immediately west of Galatia.[9]
Some[who?] claim the New Testament says that the churches of Galatia (Antioch of Pisidia, Iconium, Lystra and Derbe) were founded by Paul himself (Acts 16:6; Galatians.1:8;4:13;4:19). They seem to have been composed mainly of converts from paganism (Galatians 4:8). After Paul's departure, the churches were led astray from Paul's trust/faith-centered teachings by individuals proposing "another gospel" (which centered on salvation through the Mosaic law, so-called legalism), whom Paul saw as preaching a "different gospel" from what Paul had taught (Galatians 1:1–9). The Galatians appear to have been receptive to the teaching of these newcomers, and the epistle is Paul's response to what he sees as their willingness to turn from his teaching.[7]
The identity of these "opponents" is disputed. However, the majority of modern scholars view them as Jewish Christians, who taught that in order for converts to belong to the People of God, they must be subject to some or all of the Jewish Law, (i.e. Judaizers). The letter indicates controversy concerning circumcision, Sabbath observance, and the Mosaic Covenant. It would appear, from Paul's response, that they cited the example of Abraham, who was circumcised as a mark of receiving the covenant blessings (Genesis 17). They certainly appear to have questioned Paul's authority as an apostle, perhaps appealing to the greater authority of the Jerusalem church governed by James (brother of Jesus).[1]
North Galatian view[edit]
The North Galatian view holds that the epistle was written very soon after Paul's second visit to Galatia (Acts 18:23). In this view, the visit to Jerusalem, mentioned in Galatians 2:1–10, is identical with that of Acts 15, which is spoken of as a thing of the past. Consequently, the epistle seems to have been written after the Council of Jerusalem. The similarity between this epistle and the epistle to the Romans has led to the conclusion that they were both written at roughly the same time, during Paul's stay in Macedonia in roughly 56–57.[10]
This third date takes the word "quickly" in Gal. 1:6 literally.[11] John P. Meier suggests that Galatians was "written in the middle or late 50s, only a few years after the Antiochene incident he narrates".[12] Eminent Biblical scholar Helmut Koester also subscribes to the "North Galatian Hypothesis". Koester points out that the cities of Galatia in the north consist of Ankyra, Pessinus, and Gordium (of the Gordian Knot fame of Alexander the Great).[13]
South Galatian view[edit]
The South Galatian view holds that Paul wrote Galatians before or shortly after the First Jerusalem Council, probably on his way to it, and that it was written to churches he had presumably planted during either his time in Tarsus (he would have traveled a short distance, since Tarsus is in Cilicia) after his first visit to Jerusalem as a Christian,[14] or during his first missionary journey, when he traveled throughout southern Galatia. If it was written to the believers in South Galatia, it would likely have been written in 49.[15]
Earliest epistle[edit]
A third theory[16] is that Galatians 2:1–10 describes Paul and Barnabas' visit to Jerusalem described in Acts 11:30 and 12:25. This theory holds that the epistle was written before the Council was convened, possibly making it the earliest of Paul's epistles. According to this theory, the revelation mentioned (Gal 2:2) corresponds with the prophecy of Agabus (Acts 11:27–28). This view holds that the private speaking about the gospel shared among the Gentiles precludes the Acts 15 visit, but fits perfectly with Acts 11. It further holds that continuing to remember the poor (Gal. 2: 10) fits with the purpose of the Acts 11 visit, but not Acts 15.[17]
In addition, the exclusion of any mention of the letter of Acts 15 is seen to indicate that such a letter did not yet exist, since Paul would have been likely to use it against the legalism confronted in Galatians. Finally, this view doubts Paul's confrontation of Peter (Gal. 2:11) would have been necessary after the events described in Acts 15. If this view is correct, the epistle should be dated somewhere around 47, depending on other difficult to date events, such as Paul's conversion.[18]
Kirsopp Lake found this view less likely and wondered why it would be necessary for the Jerusalem Council (Acts 15) to take place at all if the issue were settled in Acts 11:30/12:25, as this view holds.[19] Defenders of the view do not think it unlikely an issue of such magnitude would need to be discussed more than once.[20] Renowned New Testament scholar J.B. Lightfoot also objected to this view since it "clearly implies that his [Paul's] Apostolic office and labours were well known and recognized before this conference."[21]
Defenders of this view, such as Ronald Fung, disagree with both parts of Lightfoot's statement, insisting a) Paul received his "Apostolic Office" at his conversion (Gal. 1:15–17; Ac. 9). Fung holds, then, that Paul's apostolic mission began almost immediately in Damascus (Acts 9:20). While accepting that Paul's apostolic anointing was likely only recognized by the Apostles in Jerusalem during the events described in Gal. 2/Acts 11:30, Fung does not see this as a problem for this theory.[21]
Outline[edit]
Valentin de Boulogne's depiction of "Saint Paul Writing His Epistles", 16th century (Blaffer Foundation Collection, Houston, Texas). Lightfoot notes with respect to verse 6:11 that at this point "the apostle takes the pen from his amanuensis, and the concluding paragraph is written with his own hand".[22]
The citation here is based on the content of the gospel. Alternative outlines have been introduced based on the rhetorical form of the letter.[1]
Galatians
Salutation (1:1–5)
No other gospel: Paul expresses displeasure that the community has turned from the gospel (1:6–10)
The past of Paul, including his life in Judaism (1:13–14), his "apocalypse" from God, often understood as the Conversion of Paul (1:15–16), and his early ministry (1:17–24)
a meeting with the "pillar apostles" in Jerusalem, possibly the Council of Jerusalem reported in Acts 15 (2:1–10)
The Paul/Cephas Incident at Antioch, where Cephas backed down from his previous table fellowship with Gentiles (2:11–14)
Paul's speech expressing that Jews, like Gentiles, are declared righteous by faith (2:15–21)
A Consideration of Law or Faith (3:1–14)
Law and Promise (3:15–20)
Slaves and Sons (3:21–4:7)
Sons of God (3:26)
Concern for the Galatians (4:8–20)
Allegorical Interpretation of Hagar and Sarah (4:21–5:1)
Christian Freedom (5:1–15)
Love thy neighbour (5:14)
Fruit of the Spirit (5:16–26)
The Law of Christ (6:1–10)
Final Warning and Benediction (6:11–18)
Contents[edit]
See also: Biblical law in Christianity
This epistle addresses the question of whether the Gentiles in Galatia were obligated to follow Mosaic Law to be part of the Christ community. After an introductory address (Galatians 1:1–10), the apostle discusses the subjects which had occasioned the epistle.
In the first two chapters, Paul discusses his life before Christ and his early ministry, including interactions with other apostles in Jerusalem. This is the most extended discussion of Paul's past that we find in the Pauline letters (cf. Philippians 3:1–7).[23] Some have read this autobiographical narrative as Paul's defense of his apostolic authority (1:11–19; 2:1–14).[24] Others, however, see Paul's telling of the narrative as making an argument to the Galatians about the nature of the gospel and the Galatians' own situation.[25]
Chapter 3 exhorts the Galatian believers to stand fast in the faith as it is in Jesus. Paul engages in an exegetical argument, drawing upon the figure of Abraham and the priority of his faith to the covenant of circumcision. Paul explains that the law was introduced as a temporary measure, one that is no longer efficacious now that the seed of Abraham, Christ, has come. Chapter 4 then concludes with a summary of the topics discussed and with the benediction, followed by 5:1–6:10 teaching about the right use of their Christian freedom.
In the conclusion of the epistle, Paul wrote, "See with what large letters I am writing to you with my own hand." (Galatians 6:11, ESV) Regarding this conclusion, Lightfoot, in his Commentary on the epistle, says:
"At this point the apostle takes the pen from his amanuensis, and the concluding paragraph is written with his own hand. From the time when letters began to be forged in his name (2Thessalonians 2:2; 2Thessalonians 3:17) it seems to have been his practice to close with a few words in his own handwriting, as a precaution against such forgeries... In the present case he writes a whole paragraph, summing up the main lessons of the epistle in terse, eager, disjointed sentences. He writes it, too, in large, bold characters (Gr. pelikois grammasin), that his hand-writing may reflect the energy and determination of his soul."
[26]
Alternatively, some commentators have postulated that Paul's thorn in the flesh was poor eyesight, which caused him to write in characteristically large letters.[27]
Galatians also contains a catalogue of vices and virtues, a popular formulation of ancient Christian ethics.[28]
Probably the most famous single statement made in the Epistle, by Paul, is in chapter 3, verse 28: "There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus." The debate surrounding that verse is legend and the two schools of thought are (1) this only applies to the spiritual standing of people in the eyes of God, it does not implicate social distinctions and gender roles on earth; and (2) this is not just about our spiritual standing but is also very much about how we relate to each other and treat each other in the here and now.[29]
Position (1) emphasises the immediate context of the verse and notes that it is embedded in a discussion about justification: our relationship with God. Position (2) reminds its critics that the "whole letter context" is very much about how people got on in the here and now together, and in fact the discussion about justification came out of an actual example of people treating other people differently (2:11ff).[30]
Significance[edit]
As Canadian religious historian, Barrie Wilson, points out in How Jesus Became Christian[31], Paul's Letter to the Galatians represents a sweeping rejection of Jewish Law (Torah). In so doing Paul clearly takes his Christ movement out of the orbit of Judaism and into an entirely different milieu. Paul's stance constitutes a major contrast to the position of James, brother of Jesus, whose group in Jerusalem adhered to the observance of Torah. Many scholars question whether Paul's view dovetails with Jesus' own teachings concerning the Law.
See also[edit]
Paul the Apostle and Judaism
Prayer of St. John Gabriel Perboyre to Jesus
Textual variants in the Epistle to the Galatians
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Betz, H. D. (1993). "Galatians, Epistle to the". Yale Anchor Bible Dictionary.
Jump up ^ Riches, John (2008). Galatians Through the Centuries. West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
Jump up ^ Ehrman, Bart (2005) Misquoting Jesus: The Story Behind Who Changed the Bible and Why, Harper SanFrancisco. ISBN 0-06-073817-0. p. 60.
Jump up ^ Metzger, Bruce M., A Textual Commentary on the New Testament, 2nd ed., United Bible Societies, 1994. 1–16. ISBN 3-438-06010-8
Jump up ^ "Early Christian Writings".
Jump up ^ M. Coogan, ed. The New Oxford Annotated Bible (Oxford University Press: New York, 2001), 309 NT.
^ Jump up to: a b c Holladay, Carl R. (2005). A Critical Introduction to the New Testament. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press. pp. 463–66.
Jump up ^ Longenecker, Richard (1990). Galatians. Zondervan. p. lviii.
Jump up ^ Acts 16:6 and Acts 18:23
Jump up ^ Craig Evans, The Bible Knowledge Background Commentary (Colorado Springs, CO: Victor 2004), 2: 462, Acts 20:2–3
Jump up ^ Craig Evans, The Bible Knowledge Background Commentary (Colorado Springs, CO: Victor 2004), 2: 462.
Jump up ^ Brown, Raymond E. and Meier, John P. Antioch & Rome: New Testament Cradles of Catholic Christianity (Paulist Press: New York, 1983) 113.
Jump up ^ Koester, Helmut, Introduction to the New Testament, Volume 2 (Walter de Gruyter & Co.: Berlin, 2000) 114. (
Jump up ^ Acts 9:30
Jump up ^ Craig Evans, The Bible Knowledge Background Commentary (Colorado Springs, CO: Victor 2004), 2: 462.
Jump up ^ Ronald Y. K. Fung, The Epistle to the Galatians (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdman's Press, 1988), 16–22. See also New Testament Study Helps: Galatians Theology WebSite
Jump up ^ Ronald Y.K. Fung, The Epistle to the Galatians (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdman's Press, 1988), 19.
Jump up ^ Ronald Y.K. Fung, The Epistle to the Galatians (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdman's Press, 1988), 19.
Jump up ^ Kirsopp Lake, The Beginnings of Christianity, vol 5. ed F. J. Foakes-Jackson and K. Lake (London: 1920–33), 201.
Jump up ^ I.H. Marshall, The Acts of the Apostles (Tyndale New Testament Commentaries; Grand Rapids, 1980), 205.
^ Jump up to: a b Ronald Y. K. Fung, The Epistle to the Galatians (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdman's Press, 1988), 19
Jump up ^ Lightfoot continues, "From the time when letters began to be forged in his name (2 Thessalonians 2:2; 2 Thessalonians 3:17) it seems to have been his practice to close with a few words in his own handwriting, as a precaution against such forgeries... In the present case he writes a whole paragraph, summing up the main lessons of the epistle in terse, eager, disjointed sentences. He writes it, too, in large, bold characters (Gr. pelikois grammasin), that his handwriting may reflect the energy and determination of his soul." Joseph Barber Lightfoot, Commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians.
Jump up ^ Betz, H. D. (1993). "Paul". Yale Anchor Bible Dictionary.
Jump up ^ Holladay, Carl R. (2005). A Critical Introduction to the New Testament. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press. pp. 466–67.
Jump up ^ John M. G. Barclay, “Paul’s Story: Theology as Testimony,” in Narrative Dynamics in Paul (Louisville London: Westminster John Knox, 2002), 133–56.
Jump up ^ Lightfoot, J.B. 1865. St. Paul's Epistle to the Galatians. Cambridge: Macmillan. pp. 211–12
Jump up ^ Galatians, Tyndale New Testament Commentary, revised edition, p. 233.
Jump up ^ Pate, C. Marvin (2000-01-01). The Reverse of the Curse: Paul, Wisdom, and the Law. Mohr Siebeck. ISBN 9783161472862.
Jump up ^ For an overview of the two theories see Jim Reiher, “Galatians 3:28: liberating for women, or of limited application?” Expository Times. (123.6) pp. 272–77. March 2012. Reiher comes down on the side of position (2).
Jump up ^ For an overview of the two theories see Jim Reiher, “Galatians 3:28: liberating for women, or Asof limited application?” Expository Times. (123.6) pp. 272–77. March 2012. Reiher comes down on the side of position (2).
Jump up ^ Barrie Wilson. How Jesus Became Christian. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2008.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Easton, Matthew George (1897). "Galatians, Epistle to the". Easton's Bible Dictionary (New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Galatians
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Epistle to the Galatians
Online translations of the Epistle to Galatians:
Bible Gateway 35 languages/50 versions at GospelCom.net
Unbound Bible 100+ languages/versions at Biola University
Galatians – King James Bible
Online Bible at GospelHall.org
Galatians public domain audiobook at LibriVox Various versions
Related articles:
A Brief Introduction to Galatians
Galatians, Paul, The Torah-Law & Legalism
John Chrysostom's Commentary on Galatians
An alternative commentary on Galatians
A Secular Site on Galatians
Jewish messianic Commentary on Galatians (Jerusalem)
Epistle to the Galatians
Pauline Epistle
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What a Wonderful World
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the Sam Cooke song, see Wonderful World (Sam Cooke song). For other uses, see Wonderful World (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
"What a Wonderful World"
Single by Louis Armstrong
from the album What a Wonderful World
B-side
"Cabaret"
Released
October 18, 1967[citation needed]
Format
7"
Recorded
August 16, 1967
Genre
Traditional pop
jazz
Length
2:21
Label
ABC 10982, HMV
Songwriter(s)
Bob Thiele (as George Douglas)
George David Weiss[1]
Producer(s)
Bob Thiele[1]
Louis Armstrong singles chronology
"Mi va de cantare"
(1967) "What a Wonderful World"
(1967) "Hello Brother"
(1968)
"Mi va de cantare"
(1967) "What a Wonderful World"
(1967) "Hello Brother"
(1968)
"What a Wonderful World" is a pop ballad written by Bob Thiele (as "George Douglas") and George David Weiss. It was first recorded by Louis Armstrong and released in 1967 as a single, which topped the pop charts in the United Kingdom.[1] Thiele and Weiss were both prominent in the music world (Thiele as a producer and Weiss as a composer/performer).[2] Armstrong's recording was inducted in the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1999. The publishing for this song is controlled by Memory Lane Music Group, Carlin Music Corp. and BMG Rights Management.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Charts and certifications
2.1 Peak positions
2.2 Certifications
3 Notable versions
4 Appearances in film and television
4.1 Film
4.2 Television
4.3 Sources
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The song was initially offered to Tony Bennett, who turned it down.[3] Thereafter, it was offered to Louis Armstrong. George Weiss recounts in the book Off the Record: Songwriters on Songwriting by Graham Nash that he wrote the song specifically for Louis Armstrong. Weiss was inspired by Armstrong's ability to bring people of different races together. The song was not initially a hit in the United States, where it sold fewer than 1,000 copies because ABC Records head Larry Newton did not like the song and therefore did not promote it,[4] but was a major success in the United Kingdom, reaching number one on the UK Singles Chart.[1] In the United States, the song hit No. 116 on the Billboard Bubbling Under Chart. It was also the biggest-selling single of 1968 in the UK where it was among the last pop singles issued by HMV Records before becoming an exclusive classical music label.[5] The song made Louis Armstrong the oldest male to top the UK Singles Chart, at sixty-six years and ten months old.[1] Armstrong's record was broken in 2009 when a remake of "Islands in the Stream" recorded for Comic Relief—which included the 68-year-old Tom Jones—reached number one in that chart. Tony Bennett did go on to record "What A Wonderful World" several times, as in 2003 with k.d. lang, paying homage to Bennett's friend, Armstrong.
ABC Records' European distributor EMI forced ABC to issue a What a Wonderful World album in 1968 (catalogue number ABCS-650). It did not chart in the United States, due to ABC not promoting it,[6] but charted in the UK where it was issued by Stateside Records with catalogue number SSL 10247 and peaked on the British chart at No. 37.
The song gradually became something of a standard and reached a new level of popularity. In 1978, Armstrong's 1967 recording was featured in the closing scenes of the first series of BBC radio's cult hit, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, and was repeated for BBC's 1981 TV adaptation of the series. In 1988, Armstrong's recording appeared in the film Good Morning, Vietnam (despite the film being set in 1965 — two years before it was recorded) and was re-released as a single, hitting No. 32 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in February 1988. The single charted at number one for the fortnight ending June 27, 1988 on the Australian chart. It is also the closing song for the 1995 movie 12 Monkeys.
In 2001, rappers Ghostface Killah, Raekwon and The Alchemist released "The Forest," a song that begins with three lines of lyric adapted from "What a Wonderful World", altered to become "an invitation to get high" on marijuana.[7] The rappers and their record company, Sony Music Entertainment, were sued by the owners of "What a Wonderful World," Abilene Music. The suit was thrown out of court after Judge Gerard E. Lynch determined that the altered lyric was indisputably a parody, transforming the uplifting original message to a new one with a darker nature.[7][8]
By April 2014, Louis Armstrong's 1967 recording had sold 2,173,000 downloads in the United States after it was released digitally.[9]
Charts and certifications[edit]
Peak positions[edit]
Chart (1967/68)
Peak
position
Australia[10] 29
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[11]
1
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[12]
6
Denmark[13] 2
Germany (Official German Charts)[14]
6
Ireland[15] 2
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[16]
15
Netherlands (MediaMarkt)[17] 14
New Zealand 15
Norway (VG-lista)[18]
6
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[19]
7
U.K. Singles Chart 1
U.S. Billboard Hot 100 116
U.S. Adult Contemporary (Billboard) 12
Chart (1976)
Peak
position
Italy (FIMI)[20] 11
Chart (1988)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[21]
1
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[12]
7
Belgium (VRT Top 30 Flanders)[22] 1
Canada (RPM Magazine) 13
Ireland[15] 30
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[16]
5
Netherlands (MediaMarkt)[17] 2
New Zealand 8
Poland 22
U.S. (Billboard) 32
U.S. Adult Contemporary (Billboard) 7
U.S. (Radio & Records) 37
U.S. (Cashbox) 37
U.S. (Rock on the Net - ARC Weekly Top 40)[23] 28
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Italy (FIMI)[24]
Gold
Notable versions[edit]
1967: Louis Armstrong, million selling original version
1989: Roy Clark, on his album of the same name (peaked at No. 73 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart)[25]
1992: Nick Cave, single sung with Shane MacGowan, in 2005 also published on the album B-Sides & Rarities
1993: Israel Kamakawiwo'ole, Hawaiian ukulele version (medley with "Somewhere Over the Rainbow") on the album Facing Future (sold over 2.5 million copies in the U.S. and Canada alone)[26]
1999: Anne Murray, on her platinum release of the same name, which also spawned a book and video (the album reached No. 1 on the US CCM chart, No. 4 on the US Country chart, and No. 38 on the top 200)
2002: Joey Ramone's posthumous version was used for the ending credits of Michael Moore's film Bowling for Columbine
2002: Da Vinci's Notebook ended their album Brontosaurus with an a cappella version
2003: Sarah Brightman. Harem album
2004: Céline Dion recorded the song for her album Miracle
2004: Rod Stewart recorded a version of the song with Stevie Wonder for Stewart's album Stardust: The Great American Songbook, Volume III (released in the United States as the lead single from the album and by early 2005 reached No. 13 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart[27]
2007: Foxygen covered the song on their self-produced first album Jurrassic Exxplosion Phillipic
2007: Katie Melua, singing with Eva Cassidy's version to raise money for the Red Cross (reached No. 1 in the UK chart in December 2007)
2008: Ministry, along with other cover songs on their album Cover Up
2009: The Clarks's version was recorded for their album Restless Days. This version was also featured on The Simpsons's Season 27 premiere, Every Man's Dream. And it's also used after every Home win for the Pittsburgh Penguins at PPG Paints Arena
2010: Ziggy Marley's version on The Disney Reggae Club
2012: Pat Byrne reached No. 3 in the Irish Singles Chart after appearing on The Voice of Ireland
2012: Playing For Change,the music charity, recorded this song featuring Grandpa Elliott[28]
2015: Tiago Iorc's version was recorded to be used as the opening theme of the Brazilian telenovela Sete Vidas[29]
2013: Renée Geyer on her album Swing (2013)
2016: Tally Koren's version was recorded to be used in her album "A Love Song for You"
Appearances in film and television[edit]
This media section uses IMDb for verification. IMDb may not be a reliable source for film and television information and is generally only cited as an external link. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help by replacing IMDb with third-party reliable sources. (February 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Film[edit]
Title
Performer
Year
Source
Arjun Reddy (Telugu Movie) Background Music 2017
Geostorm (trailer) Sharon Van Etten & Juggernaut Kid 2017
Range 15 Louis Armstrong 2016 1
Finding Dory Louis Armstrong 2016 1
Un gallo con muchos huevos Louis Armstrong 2015 1
Mein Salzburg Louis Armstrong 2015 1
Back to the Sea Louis Armstrong 2012 1
Journey 2: The Mysterious Island
(a little different version of the song) Dwayne Johnson 2012 1 and 2
New Year's Eve Louis Armstrong 2011 1
Head Over Heels Louis Armstrong 2010 1
Harold and Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay Louis Armstrong 2008 1
Madagascar Louis Armstrong 2005 1
Swing Girls Louis Armstrong 2004 1
Freaky Friday Joey Ramone 2003 1
Bowling for Columbine Louis Armstrong 2002 1
Meet Joe Black Louis Armstrong 1998 1
Madeline Louis Armstrong 1998 1
Wrestling with Alligators Louis Armstrong 1998 1
12 Monkeys Louis Armstrong 1995 1
The Kennedy Years (JFK Remembered) Louis Armstrong 1993 1
Ciao, Professore! Louis Armstrong 1992 1
Good Morning, Vietnam Louis Armstrong 1987 1
Chicken Little (teaser trailer only) Louis Armstrong 2005 1
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (trailer only) Louis Armstrong 2005
Television[edit]
Series
Episode
Performer
Year
Source
The OA Champion Sharon Van Etten & Juggernaut Kid 2016 1
MythBusters The Reunion Special Louis Armstrong 2016 1
Childhood's End #1.1 Joseph William Morgan 2015
The Simpsons Every Man's Dream The Clarks 2015 1
Strictly Come Dancing Week 9 Results Louis Armstrong 2014 1
Inspector George Gently The Lost Child Louis Armstrong 2012 1
The Mentalist Blinking Red Light Louis Armstrong 2011 1
An Idiot Abroad Karl Comes Home Louis Armstrong 2010 1
So You Think You Can Dance (Canada) Top 8 Perform Louis Armstrong 2009 1
The Simpsons The Good, the Sad and the Drugly Louis Armstrong 2009 1
20 to 1 Greatest Songs of All Time Louis Armstrong 2006 1
Life on Mars #1.6 Louis Armstrong 2006 1
House, MD DNR Louis Armstrong 2005 1
Hinter Gittern Fahrte aufgenommen Louis Armstrong 2004 1
Racheengel Louis Armstrong 2001 1
Lust & Suhne Louis Armstrong 2001 1
Hahn im Korb Louis Armstrong 1999 1
Die Lugners #1.9 Louis Armstrong 2003 1
#1.3 Louis Armstrong 2003 1
Dawson's Creek Hopeless Louis Armstrong 2001 1
Gilmore Girls Rory's Birthday Parties Louis Armstrong 2000 1
The King of Queens Head First Louis Armstrong 1998 1
Cybill Cybill Discovers the Meaning of Life Louis Armstrong 1995 1
Vamp Louis Armstrong 1991 1
Florida Lady Lauf dem Leben nicht davon Louis Armstrong 1994 1
Twin Peaks #2.7 Louis Armstrong 1990 1
The Green Man Louis Armstrong 1990 1
Moonlighting A Womb with a View Louis Armstrong 1988 1
The Hitch Hikers Guide to the Galaxy #1.6 Louis Armstrong 1981 1
The Muppet Show Don Knotts (#2.1) Rowlf (Jim Henson) 1977 2
Sources[edit]
Internet Movie Database[30]
Jim Henson's Red Book[31]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Rice, Jo (1982). The Guinness Book of 500 Number One Hits (1st ed.). Enfield, Middlesex: Guinness Superlatives Ltd. p. 117. ISBN 0-85112-250-7.
Jump up ^ "What A Wonderful World". The Pop History Dig. Retrieved 2013-04-21.
Jump up ^ "Sundance Channel : Video: : SPECTACLE: Season 1 - Episode 5 (clip)". SundanceChannel.com. Archived from the original on 2010-01-07. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
Jump up ^ Black, Johnny (2006). Singles: Six Decades of Hot Hits & Classic Cuts. Thunder Bay Press. p. 97. ISBN 978-1592236510.
Jump up ^ "45 Discography for HMV Records - UK - POP series 1001-1617". Globaldogproductions.info. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
Jump up ^ "ABC-Paramount Album Discography, Part 6". Bsnpubs.com. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
^ Jump up to: a b Chang, Samantha (November 1, 2003). "Court: Ghostface Rap Was 'Fair Use'". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. 115 (44): 22. ISSN 0006-2510.
Jump up ^ Kohn, Al; Kohn, Bob (2010). Kohn on music licensing (4 ed.). Aspen Publishers. pp. 1647–1648. ISBN 0735590907. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
Jump up ^ Grein, Paul (April 16, 2014). "Chart Watch: "Happy" tops 4M". Yahoo! Music. Yahoo!.
Jump up ^ "Go-Set Australian Charts". Go-Set. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Louis Armstrong – What a Wonderful World" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ultratop.be – Louis Armstrong – What a Wonderful World" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Danske Hitlister.dk". Danske Hitlister.dk. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Louis Armstrong – What a Wonderful World". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Irish Charts - All there is to know".
^ Jump up to: a b "Dutchcharts.nl – Louis Armstrong – What a Wonderful World" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "MediaMarkt Top 40". Retrieved 9 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Louis Armstrong – What a Wonderful World". VG-lista. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Louis Armstrong – What a Wonderful World". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Hit Parade Italia - Indice per Interprete: S" (in Italian). Hit Parade Italia. Retrieved 5 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Louis Armstrong – What a Wonderful World". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ "What A Wonderful World – LOUIS ARMSTRONG" (in Dutch). Top 30. Archived from the original on 9 April 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2014. Hoogste notering in de top 30 : 1
Jump up ^ "Rock on the Net". Retrieved 9 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Italian single certifications – Louis Armstrong – What a Wonderful World" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2013). Hot Country Songs 1944–2012. Record Research, Inc. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-89820-203-8.
Jump up ^ Grein, Paul (2010-09-24). "Chart Watch Extra: Songs From The Last Century". Nielsen Business Media. Yahoo! Music. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
Jump up ^ "Rod Stewart - Chart history". Billboard. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
Jump up ^ "Playing For Change".
Jump up ^ "Abertura de Sete Vidas traz pequenas cenas que remetem a nossa memória afetiva". Globo.com. 2015-03-09. Retrieved 2015-07-09.
Jump up ^ "Louis Armstrong". IMDb. Retrieved 2015-09-11.
Jump up ^ "5/25/1977 – 'Don Knotts (MS)'". Retrieved 2016-04-30.
External links[edit]
How political is What A Wonderful World? BBC News article about history and meaning of song
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Barrueco & Balles Music play What a Wonderful World
Preceded by
"Congratulations" by Cliff Richard UK number one single
Louis Armstrong version
24 April 1968 (for 4 weeks) Succeeded by
"Young Girl" by Gary Puckett & The Union Gap
Preceded by
"Bleeding Love" by Leona Lewis UK Singles Chart number-one single
(Katie Melua & Eva Cassidy version)
December 16, 2007 - December 22, 2007 Succeeded by
"When You Believe" by Leon Jackson
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A Country Collection
Anne Murray's Greatest Hits
Country Hits
Songs of the Heart
Love Songs
Greatest Hits Volume II
From Springhill to the World
The Very Best of Anne Murray
15 of the Best
Her Greatest Hits and Finest Performances
Now & Forever
The Best… So Far
An Intimate Evening with Anne Murray
Ultimate Collection
All of Me
10 Great Songs: Inspirational Classics
Icon
No. 1 singles
"Snowbird"
"Sing High, Sing Low"
"A Stranger in My Place"
"It Takes Time"
"Talk It Over in the Morning"
"I Say a Little Prayer/By the Time I Get to Phoenix"
"Cotton Jenny"
"Danny's Song"
"What About Me"
"A Love Song"
"He Thinks I Still Care"
"Son of a Rotten Gambler"
"You Won't See Me"
"You Needed Me"
"I Just Fall in Love Again"
"Shadows in the Moonlight"
"Broken Hearted Me"
"Daydream Believer"
"Lucky Me"
"I'm Happy Just to Dance with You"
"Could I Have This Dance"
"Blessed Are the Believers"
"We Don't Have to Hold Out"
"It's All I Can Do"
"Another Sleepless Night"
"Hey! Baby"
"Somebody's Always Saying Goodbye"
"A Little Good News"
"Just Another Woman in Love"
"Nobody Loves Me Like You Do" (with Dave Loggins)
"Time Don't Run Out on Me"
"Now and Forever (You and Me)"
Other songs
"Thirsty Boots"
"Put Your Hand in the Hand"
"Night Owl"
"Robbie's Song for Jesus"
"Everything's Been Changed"
"Send a Little Love My Way"
"Just One Look"
"Day Tripper"
"Uproar"
"Sunday Sunrise"
"The Call"
"Golden Oldie"
"Things"
"Walk Right Back"
"That's Not the Way (It's S'posed to Be)"
"I Don't Think I'm Ready for You"
"Who's Leaving Who"
"Are You Still in Love with Me"
"Anyone Can Do the Heartbreak"
"Perfect Strangers"
"If I Ever Fall in Love Again" (with Kenny Rogers)
"Feed This Fire"
"Bluebird"
"I Can See Arkansas"
"Make Love to Me"
"The Wayward Wind"
"Born to Be with You"
"Over You"
"That's What My Love Is For"
"That's the Way It Goes"
"What a Wonderful World"
Related articles
Discography
Capitol Records
"Tears Are Not Enough"
Book:Anne Murray
[show]
v
t
e
Katie Melua
Studio albums
Call Off the Search
Piece by Piece
Pictures
The House
Secret Symphony
Ketevan
In Winter
Compilation albums
The Katie Melua Collection
Live albums
Live at the O² Arena
Singles
"The Closest Thing to Crazy"
"Call Off the Search"
"Crawling up a Hill"
"Nine Million Bicycles"
"I Cried for You"/"Just Like Heaven"
"Spider's Web"
"It's Only Pain"
"Shy Boy"
"If You Were a Sailboat"
"Mary Pickford"
"If the Lights Go Out"
"Toy Collection"
"Two Bare Feet"
"The Flood"
"A Happy Place"
"To Kill You with a Kiss"
"Gold in them Hills"
"The Bit That I Don't Get"
"Better Than a Dream"
"Moonshine"
"The Walls of the World"
"Forgetting All My Troubles"
"I Will Be There"
Other singles
"What a Wonderful World" (with Eva Cassidy)
Related
Discography
Dramatico
[show]
v
t
e
CeCe Peniston
Discography
Awards
Studio albums
Finally
Thought 'Ya Knew
Good News in Hard Times
I'm Movin' On
Remix albums
Finally / We Got a Love Thang: Remix Collection
Remix Collection
Compilations
The Best Of
Essential
The Millennium Collection: The Best Of
EPs
CeCe Peniston
Singles
"Finally"
"We Got a Love Thang"
"Keep On Walkin'"
"Crazy Love"
"Inside That I Cried"
"I'm in the Mood"
"I'm Not Over You"
"Keep Givin' Me Your Love"
"Hit by Love"
"Movin' On"
"Before I Lay (You Drive Me Crazy)"
"Somebody Else's Guy"
"I Like It"
"Nobody Else"
"He Loves Me 2"
"Lifetime to Love"
"My Boo"
"Reminiscin"
"For My Baby"
"Eternal Lover"
"Deeper Love"
"You Are the Universe"
"I'm Feelin' U"
"Above Horizons"
"Nothing Can Stop Me"
Download
"Shame Shame Shame"
"Still I"
"In Love with a DJ"
"Stoopid!"
"Celebrate"
"You've Never Seen"
"All My Love"
"Get to Steppin"
"Let's Go All Night"
"Without You"
"Love Don't Take Over"
"Sick"
Promotional singles
"Hitmix"
"Searchin'"
"House Party"
"I Know You Want Me"
"I Can't Go for That"
Other songs
"How I Got Over"
"He's Got the Whole World in His Hands"
"Precious Memories"
"Oh Happy Day"
"Christmas Song"
"What a Wonderful World"
"Runnin' Away"
Related
Divas of Disco
Book
Category
[show]
v
t
e
Israel Kamakawiwoʻole
Studio albums
Ka 'Ano'i (1990)
Facing Future (1993)
E Ala E (1995)
N Dis Life (1996)
Compilation albums
Alone in IZ World (2001)
Wonderful World (2009)
Songs
"Over the Rainbow"
"What a Wonderful World"
"Kaleohano"
"Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World"
Related
Mākaha Sons
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=What_a_Wonderful_World&oldid=822330910"
Categories:
Songs about happiness
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text:
List of medical colleges in Kerala
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The following is a list of government, private, and self-financing medical institutions in Kerala.
Contents
[hide]
1 Medical colleges
1.1 Government medical colleges
1.2 Private self-financing
2 Government dental colleges
2.1 Government-sponsored self-financing
2.2 Private self-financing
3 Ayurveda colleges
3.1 Government Ayurveda colleges
3.2 Government-aided
3.3 Private self-financing
4 Unani Medical College
5 Homeopathic colleges
5.1 Government homeopathic medical colleges
5.2 Government-aided
6 Siddha medical colleges
6.1 Self-financing Siddha medical colleges
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Medical colleges[edit]
Government medical colleges[edit]
Kasaragod
Kannur
Wayanad
Calicut
Malappuram
Thrissur
Palakkad
Ernakulam
Idukki
Kottayam
Alappuzha
Pathanamthitta
Kollam
Trivandrum
Location of Govt Medical Colleges. 12 functioning (green).2 planned (blue)
College Name
District
Estd Year
Remarks
Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram 1951 1st Medical College in Kerala
Government Medical College, Kozhikode Kozhikode 1957
Government Medical College, Kottayam Kottayam 1962
Government T D Medical College, Alappuzha Alappuzha 1963
Government Medical College, Thrissur Thrissur 1981
Government Medical College, Ernakulam Ernakulam 1999
Government Medical College, Manjeri, Malappuram Malappuram 2013
Government Medical College, Palakkad Palakkad 2014
Government Medical College, Painav, Idukki Idukki 2014 Waiting for MCI approval
Government Medical College, Kollam Kollam 2016
Government Medical College, Konni, Pathanamthitta Pathanamthitta 2016
Academy of Medical Sciences, Pariyaram, Kannur (KNM) Kannur 1995
Government Medical College, Madakkimala, Wayanad Wayanad Planned
Government Medical College, Kasaragod Kasaragod Planned
Kerala govt has plans to take over Pariyaram medical college.[1]
Private self-financing[edit]
College Name
District
Estd Year
Al Azhar Medical College, Thodupuzha Idukki 2014
Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Amala Nagar, Thrissur Thrissur 2003
Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Ponnekara, Kochi Ernakulam 1998
Azeezia Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Meeyyannoor, Kollam Kollam 2008
Believers Church Medical College Hospital, Kuttapuzha, Kerala Pathanamthitta 2016
DM Wayanad Institute of Medical sciences, Meppadi, Wayanad Wayanad 2013
Dr. Somervell Memorial CSI Medical College, Karakonam, Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram 2002
Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur Thrissur 2003
Kannur Medical College, Kannur Kannur 2006
Karuna Medical College, Vilayodi, Palakkad Palakkad 2006
Kerala Medical College, Cherupplasery, Palakkad Palakkad 2016
KMCT Medical College, Mukkam, Kozhikode Kozhikode 2008
Malabar Medical College, Kozhikode Kozhikode 2008
Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Medical Mission, Hospital Kolenchery Ernakulam 2002
MES Academy of Medical Sciences Malappuram 2002
Mount Zion Medical College, Pathanamthitta 2012
PK Das Institute of Medical Sciences, Vaniyamkulam, Palakkad Palakkad 2014
Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Pathanamthitta Pathanamthitta 2002
Sree Gokulam Medical College & Research Foundation, Venjaramoodu, Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram 2005
Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, North Paravur, Ernakulam District Ernakulam 2009
SUT Medical College, Vattappara, Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram 2006
Travancore Medical College Hospital, Kollam Kollam 2009
SR Medical College Hospital, Varkala Thiruvananthapuram 2016
Government dental colleges[edit]
Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram
Government Dental College, Kottayam
Government Dental College, Kozhikode
Government-sponsored self-financing[edit]
Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Edappal, Malappuram
Pariyaram Dental College, Pariyaram, Kannur (KND)
Private self-financing[edit]
Al-Azhar Dental College, Thodupuzha, Kerala
Annoor Dental College, Puthuppady, Muvattupuzha via, Ernakulam
Azeezia College of Dental Sciences and Research, Meeyyannoor, Kollam
Century International Institute of Dental Science & Research Centre, Poinachi, Kasargod
Dental College, Maypallycutty, Alleppey
Educare Institute of Dental Sciences, Kiliyamannil campus, Chattiparamba, Malappuram[2]
Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Kothamangalam
Kannur Dental College, Anjarakandy, Mamba, Kannur
Kayamkulam Dental College, Kayamkulam
KMCT Dental College, Mampetta, Manassery, Mukkom, Kozhikode
Mar Baselios Dental College, Kothamangalam, Ernakulam
MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna, Palachode, Malappuram
Noorul Islam College of Dental Science, Neyyattinkara, Thiruvananthapuram
PMS College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Vattappara, Thiruvananthapuram
PSM College of Dental Science and Research, Akkikavu, Thrissur
Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Thiruvalla, Pathanamthitta
Royal Dental College, Iron Hills, Chalissery PO, Palakkad
Sri Sankara Dental College, Akathumuri, Varkala, Thiruvananthapuram
St. Gregorios Dental College, Chelad PO, Kothamangalm, Ernakulam
Ayurveda colleges[edit]
Government Ayurveda colleges[edit]
Government Ayurveda College, G P O, Thiruvananthapuram
Government Ayurveda College, Dhanwanthari Nagar, Tripunithura, Ernakulam
Government Ayurveda Medical College Kannur, Medical College P O, Pariyaram, Kannur
Government-aided[edit]
Vaidyaretnam Ayurveda College, Thaikkattussery P.O., Ollur, Thrissur
VPSV Ayurveda College, Edarikode P O, Kottakkal, Malappuram
Private self-financing[edit]
Pankajakasthuri Ayurveda Medical College, Kattakada P O, Thiruvananthapuram
Amrita Ayurveda Medical College, Kollam
Ahalia Ayurveda Medical College, Elippara, Kozhipara, Palakkkad
KMCT Ayurveda Medical College, Manasseri P O, Mukkom, Kozhikode
Mannam Ayurveda Co-operative Medical College, Pandalam, Pathanamthitta
Nangelil Ayurveda Medical College, Nellikuzhy P O, Kothamangalam, Ernakulam
P N Panicker Souhruda Ayurveda Medical College, Parakalai P O, Anandhashram via, Kasargode
PNNM Ayurveda Medical College, Cheruthuruthy P O, Shoranur, Thrissur
Parassinikkadavu Ayurveda Medical College, Parassinikadavu P O, Kannur
Santhigiri Ayurveda Medical College, Olassery P O, Kodumbu Via, Palakkad
Sree Narayana Institute of Ayurvedic Studies & Research, Karimpinpuzha P O, Puthur, Kollam
Sreedhareeyam Ayurvedic Research & Development Institute, Koothattukulam, Ernakulam
Vishnu Ayurveda College, Govt. Press P O, Shornur, Palakkad
Unani Medical College[edit]
Markaz Unani Medical College & Hospital
Kaithappoyil, Thamarassery, Calicut, Kerala
Homeopathic colleges[edit]
Government homeopathic medical colleges[edit]
Government Homeopathic Medical College, Iranimuttam, Manacaud P O, Thiruvananthapuram (TVH)
Government Homeopathic Medical College, Karaparamba P O, Kozhikode
Government-aided[edit]
Sree Vidhyadhiraja Homeopathic Medical College, Nemom, Thiruvananthapuram (NEH)
Athurasramam NSS Homeopathic Medical College, Sachivothamapuram P O, Kottayam (KTH)
Dr. Padiyar Memorial Homeopathic Medical College, Chottanikkara P O, Ernakulam (EKH)
Siddha medical colleges[edit]
Self-financing Siddha medical colleges[edit]
Santhigiri Siddha Medical College, Santhigiri P O, Pothencode Via, Thiruvananthapuram
See also[edit]
KEAM
List of engineering colleges in Kerala
List of institutions of higher education in Kerala
References[edit]
MBBS course offered colleges
BDS course offered colleges
BAMS course offered colleges
BHMS course offered colleges
BSMS course offered colleges
Jump up ^ http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/State-Government-Yet-to-Act-on-Pariyaram-Medical-College-Takeover/2015/07/06/article2904784.ece
Jump up ^ Educare Institute of Dental Sciences
External links[edit]
Official website of CEE
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Lists of medical colleges in India
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This page was last edited on 10 January 2018, at 02:13.
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