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The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)
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"The Phantom of the Opera (musical)" redirects here. For other musicals based on the Gaston Leroux novel, see The Phantom of the Opera (disambiguation).
The Phantom of the Opera
Poster
Music
Andrew Lloyd Webber
Lyrics
Charles Hart
Richard Stilgoe (additional)
Book
Andrew Lloyd Webber
Richard Stilgoe
Basis
Le Fantôme de l'Opéra
by Gaston Leroux
Premiere
9 October 1986: Her Majesty's Theatre, London
Productions
show
See list
1986 West End
1988 Broadway
1988 Vienna
1988 Tokyo
1989 Toronto
1989 Stockholm
1989 Los Angeles
1990 Hamburg
1990 Melbourne
1991 First US Tour
1992 Second US Tour
1993 San Francisco
1993 Scheveningen
1996 Basel
1997 Auckland
1999 Mexico City
2000 Copenhagen
2001 South Korea
2002 Madrid
2003 Budapest
2004 Film
2005 São Paulo
2006 Las Vegas Spectacular
2007 Melbourne
2008 Third US Tour
2008 Warsaw
2009 Buenos Aires
2009 South Korea
2011 25th Anniversary
2012 UK Tour
2013 North American Tour
2013 Hamburg
2014 Moscow
2014 Tartu
2014 Prague
2015 Helsinki
2015 New Zealand Tour
2015 Puerto Rico
2016 Stockholm
2017 Belgrade
Various international and amateur productions
Awards
Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical
Tony Award for Best Musical
The Phantom of the Opera is a musical with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Charles Hart and Richard Stilgoe. Lloyd Webber and Stilgoe also wrote the musical's book together.[1] Based on the French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux, its central plot revolves around a beautiful soprano, Christine Daaé, who becomes the obsession of a mysterious, disfigured musical genius living in the subterranean labyrinth beneath the Opera Populaire.[2]
The musical opened in London's West End in 1986, and on Broadway in 1988. It won the 1986 Olivier Award and the 1988 Tony Award for Best Musical, and Michael Crawford (in the title role) won the Olivier and Tony Awards for Best Actor in a Musical.[3] It is the longest running show in Broadway history by a wide margin, and celebrated its 10,000th Broadway performance on 11 February 2012, the first production ever to do so.[4] It is the second longest-running West End musical, after Les Misérables, and the third longest-running West End show overall, after The Mousetrap.[5][6][7]
With total estimated worldwide gross receipts of over $5.6 billion and total Broadway gross of $845 million,[8] Phantom was the most financially successful entertainment event until The Lion King surpassed it in 2014.[9][10][11] By 2011, it had been seen by over 130 million people in 145 cities across 27 countries, and continues to play in London and New York.[9]
Contents
[hide]
1 Development
1.1 Idea
1.2 Lyricists
1.3 Score
1.4 Design, direction, and choreography
1.5 First preview at Sydmonton
1.6 West End
1.7 Broadway
1.8 Amateur productions
2 Synopsis
2.1 Prologue
2.2 Act I
2.3 Act II
3 Casting
3.1 Original casts
3.2 West End replacements
3.3 Broadway replacements
4 Musical numbers
5 Orchestra
6 Recordings
6.1 Sales and certifications
6.1.1 Original 1986 London production
6.1.2 Local productions
6.1.3 Highlights From The Phantom of the Opera
7 Allegations of plagiarism
8 Other productions
8.1 Film version
8.2 Phantom: The Las Vegas Spectacular
9 Copyright release
10 Awards and nominations
10.1 Original London production
10.2 Original Broadway production
11 Sequel
12 See also
13 Notes
14 External links
Development[edit]
Idea[edit]
In 1984, Lloyd Webber contacted Cameron Mackintosh, the co-producer of Cats and Song and Dance, to propose a new musical. He was aiming for a romantic piece, and suggested Gaston Leroux's book The Phantom of the Opera as a basis. They screened both the 1925 Lon Chaney and the 1943 Claude Rains motion picture versions, but neither saw an effective way to make the leap from film to stage. Later, in New York, Lloyd Webber found a second-hand copy of the original, long-out-of-print Leroux novel, which supplied the necessary inspiration to develop a musical: "I was actually writing something else at the time, and I realised that the reason I was hung up was because I was trying to write a major romantic story, and I had been trying to do that ever since I started my career. Then with the Phantom, it was there!"[12]
Lyricists[edit]
Lloyd Webber first approached Jim Steinman to write the lyrics because of his "dark obsessive side", but he declined in order to fulfill his commitments on a Bonnie Tyler album.[13] Alan Jay Lerner was then recruited, but he became seriously ill after joining the project and was forced to withdraw; none of his contributions (mostly involving the song "Masquerade") are credited in the show.[14][15] Richard Stilgoe, the lyricist for Starlight Express, wrote most of the original lyrics for the production. Charles Hart, a young and then-relatively unknown lyricist, later rewrote many of the lyrics, along with original lyrics for "Think of Me". Some of Stilgoe's original contributions are still present in the final version, however.[16]
Score[edit]
Inspired in part by an earlier musical version of the same story by Ken Hill,[17] Lloyd Webber's score is sometimes operatic in style but maintains the form and structure of a musical throughout. The full-fledged operatic passages are reserved principally for subsidiary characters such as Andre and Firmin, Carlotta, and Piangi. They are also used to provide the content of the fictional "operas" that are taking place within the show itself, viz., Hannibal, Il Muto, and the Phantom's masterwork, Don Juan Triumphant. "Here, Lloyd Webber pastiched various styles from the grand operas of Meyerbeer through to Mozart and even Gilbert and Sullivan."[18] These pieces are often presented as musical fragments, interrupted by dialogue or action sequences in order to clearly define the musical's "show within a show" format. The musical extracts from the Phantom's opera, "Don Juan Triumphant", during the latter stages of the show, are dissonant and modern—"suggesting, perhaps, that the Phantom is ahead of his time artistically".[19]
Design, direction, and choreography[edit]
Maria Björnson designed the sets and over 200 costumes, including the elaborate gowns in the "Masquerade" sequence. Her set designs, including the chandelier, subterranean gondola, and sweeping staircase, earned her multiple awards.[20][21] Hal Prince, director of Cabaret, Candide, Follies, and Lloyd Webber's Evita, directed the production, while Gillian Lynne, associate director and choreographer of Cats, provided the integral musical staging and choreography.
First preview at Sydmonton[edit]
A preview of the first act was staged at Sydmonton (Lloyd Webber's home) in 1985, starring Colm Wilkinson (later the star of the Toronto production) as the Phantom, Sarah Brightman as Kristin (later Christine), and Clive Carter (later a member of the London cast) as Raoul. This very preliminary production used Richard Stilgoe's original unaltered lyrics, and many songs sported names that were later changed, such as "What Has Time Done to Me" ("Think of Me"), and "Papers" ("Notes"). The Phantom's original mask covered the entire face and remained in place throughout the performance, obscuring the actor's vision and muffling his voice. Björnson designed the now-iconic half-mask to replace it, and the unmasking sequence was added.[16] Clips of this preview performance were included on the DVD of the 2004 film production.[22]
West End[edit]
Phantom began previews at Her Majesty's Theatre in London's West End on 27 September 1986 under the direction of Hal Prince, then opened on 9 October. It was choreographed by Gillian Lynne and the sets were designed by Maria Björnson, with lighting by Andrew Bridge.[23] Michael Crawford starred in the title role with Sarah Brightman as Christine and Steve Barton as Raoul. The production, still playing at Her Majesty's, celebrated its 10,000th performance on 23 October 2010, with Lloyd Webber and the original Phantom, Michael Crawford, in attendance. It is the second longest-running musical in West End (and world) history behind Les Misérables, and third overall behind The Mousetrap.[24][25]
A 25th-anniversary stage performance was held in London on 1 and 2 October 2011 at the Royal Albert Hall and was screened live in cinemas worldwide.[26] The production was produced by Cameron Mackintosh, directed by Laurence Connor, musical staging & choreography by Gillian Lynne, set design by Matt Kinley, costume design by Maria Björnson, lighting design by Patrick Woodroffe, and sound design by Mick Potter. The cast included Ramin Karimloo as the Phantom, Sierra Boggess as Christine, Hadley Fraser as Raoul, Wynne Evans as Piangi, Wendy Ferguson as Carlotta, Barry James as Monsieur Firmin, Gareth Snook as Monsieur Andre, Liz Robertson as Madame Giry, and Daisy Maywood as Meg Giry. Lloyd Webber and several original cast members, including Crawford and Brightman, were in attendance. A DVD and Blu-ray of the performance was released in February 2012,[27] and it began airing in March 2012 on PBS's "Great Performances" television series.[26]
In March 2012, a new production directed by Laurence Connor began a UK and Ireland tour to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the show, beginning at the Theatre Royal Plymouth and travelled to Manchester, Bristol, Dublin, Leeds, Edinburgh, Milton Keynes, Cardiff, and Southampton. John Owen-Jones and Earl Carpenter alternated as the Phantom with Katie Hall and Olivia Brereton as Christine and Simon Bailey as Raoul.[28]
Broadway[edit]
Phantom began Broadway previews at the Majestic Theatre on 9 January 1988 and opened on 26 January.[10][29] Crawford, Brightman, and Barton reprised their respective roles from the West End. The production continues to play at the Majestic, where it became the first Broadway musical in history to surpass 10,000 performances on 11 February 2012.[30] On 26 January 2013, the production celebrated its 25th anniversary with its 10,400th performance.[31] It is, by over 3,500 performances, the longest-running show in Broadway history.[23] By November 2016, Phantom had been staged over 12,000 times over 28 years.[32] The 30th anniversary was on January 26, 2018 with an extra matinee and the regularly scheduled Friday evening performance. The celebration performance was performed on the 24th, with members of the original cast and alumni in attendance along with an invite-only audience.[33]
Amateur productions[edit]
In 2013, the rights to perform "Phantom" were released to non-professional groups.[34] CLOC musical theatre staged the world amateur premiere in May 2013 at the National Theatre in Melbourne, Australia. In June 2013, Windmill Theatre Company staged the production at the Drum Theatre in Dandenong. Also in June 2013, Wellington Musical Theatre debuted the New Zealand premiere starring Chris Crowe and Barbara Graham.
Synopsis[edit]
Prologue[edit]
In 1905 Paris, the Opéra Populaire hosts an auction of old theatrical props. Among the attendees is the Vicomte Raoul de Chagny, who purchases a papier-mâché music box and eyes it sadly, remarking how the details are "exactly as she said."[35][36] The auctioneer presents "a chandelier in pieces" as the next item up for bid, alluding to a connection with "the Phantom of the Opera". As the porters remove the drop cloth covering the fixture, it flickers to life and ascends to the ceiling as the auditorium's former grandeur is restored ("Overture").
Act I[edit]
It is now 1881[37] and the cast of a new production, Hannibal, are rehearsing onstage when they learn that new owners, Firmin and André, are taking over the Opéra Populaire. Carlotta, the Opéra's resident soprano prima donna, begins to perform an aria for the new managers when a backdrop inexplicably falls from the flies, barely missing her and prompting anxious chorus girls to whisper, "He's here! The Phantom of the Opera!". The managers try to downplay the incident, but Carlotta angrily insists that such things happen all the time and she storms out. Madame Giry, the Opéra's ballet mistress, informs Firmin and André that Christine Daaé, a chorus girl and orphaned daughter of a prominent violinist, has been "well taught" and can sing Carlotta's role. With cancellation of the sold out show being their only other alternative, the managers reluctantly audition Christine and are surprised to discover that she is indeed up to the challenge. As Christine sings the aria during the evening performance, the Opéra's new patron, Raoul, the Vicomte de Chagny, recognizes her as his childhood friend and playmate ("Think of Me").
Michael Crawford and Sarah Brightman performing the title song
Backstage after her triumphant début, Christine confesses to her best friend Meg (Madame Giry's daughter) that she knows her mysterious teacher only as an invisible "Angel of Music" ("Angel of Music"). Raoul pays a visit to Christine's dressing room. The two reminisce about the "Angel of Music" stories that her late father used to tell them and Christine confides that the Angel has visited her and taught her to sing ("Little Lotte"). Raoul indulges what he assumes are fantasies and insists on taking Christine to dinner. When Raoul leaves to fetch his hat, Christine hears the jealous Phantom's voice and she entreats him to reveal himself. The Phantom obliges by appearing as a ghostly, partially masked face in her mirror ("The Mirror/Angel of Music (Reprise)"). Believing him to be the Angel of Music sent by her deceased father, Christine is irresistibly drawn through the mirror to the Phantom, who leads her down into the cellars of the Opéra house. The two then board a small boat and cross a subterranean lake to his secret lair ("The Phantom of the Opera"). The Phantom explains that he has chosen Christine to sing his music and serenades her. When he reveals a mirror that reflects an image of her in a wedding dress, the figure in the mirror gestures to Christine and she faints. The Phantom then covers her tenderly with his cloak ("The Music of the Night").
As the Phantom is composing music at his organ, Christine awakens to the sound of the monkey music box ("I Remember"). Overcome with curiosity, she slips behind the Phantom, lifts his mask, and beholds his grotesquely disfigured face. The Phantom rails at her prying gesture, as Christine hides in fear. He then ruefully expresses his longing to look normal, and to be loved by her ("Stranger Than You Dreamt It"). Moved by pity, Christine returns the Phantom's mask to him and the Phantom shepherds her back above ground.
Meanwhile, Joseph Buquet, the Opéra's chief stagehand, regales the chorus girls with tales of the "Opéra Ghost" and his terrible Punjab lasso ("Magical Lasso"). Madame Giry arrives and warns Buquet to exercise restraint or face the Phantom's wrath. In the managers' office, André and Firman read notes from the Phantom aloud and are interrupted by Raoul, who accuses them of sending him a note saying that he should make no attempt to see Christine again. Carlotta and Piangi then burst into the office, demanding to know who sent Carlotta a note saying that her days at the Opera Populaire are numbered. As André and Firmin try to calm the distressed Carlotta, Madame Giry delivers another note from the Phantom: he demands that Christine replace Carlotta in the new opera, Il Muto, lest they face a "disaster beyond imagination" ("Notes..."). Firmin and André dismiss the threat and assure an enraged Carlotta that she will remain their star ("Prima Donna").
The première of Il Muto initially goes well, until the voice of the Phantom suddenly cuts through the performance, enraged that Box 5 was not kept empty for him. As Christine whispers that she knows the Phantom is near, Carlotta reminds her that her role is silent, calling her a "little toad". The Phantom states that it is Carlotta who is the toad and reduces Carlotta's voice to a frog-like croak. Firmin quickly tries to calm the situation by telling the audience that Christine will take over the starring role, moving forward the ballet to keep the audience entertained. Suddenly, the corpse of Joseph Buquet drops from the rafters, hanging from the Punjab lasso. Firmin and André plead for calm as mayhem erupts and the Phantom's diabolical laughter is heard throughout the auditorium ("Poor Fool, He Makes Me Laugh").
In the ensuing chaos, Christine escapes with Raoul to the roof and tells him about her subterranean encounter with the Phantom ("Why Have You Brought Me Here?/Raoul, I've Been There"). Raoul is skeptical but promises to love and protect her, and Christine reciprocates his vow ("All I Ask of You"). The heartbroken Phantom, having overheard their entire conversation, angrily vows revenge before returning to the auditorium and bringing down the chandelier. ("All I Ask of You (Reprise)").
Act II[edit]
Steve Barton and Sarah Brightman in the final scene
Six months later, in the midst of a masquerade ball, the Phantom makes his first appearance since the chandelier disaster, in costume as the Red Death. He announces that he has written an opera entitled Don Juan Triumphant and demands that it be produced immediately, with Christine (who is now secretly engaged to Raoul) in the lead role, and he warns of dire consequences if his demands are not met ("Masquerade/Why So Silent?"). Noticing an engagement ring on a chain around Christine's neck, the Phantom angrily pulls it from her and vanishes in a blinding flash of light. As the masquerade attendees scatter in fear, Raoul accosts Madame Giry and demands that she reveal what she knows about the Phantom. Giry reluctantly explains that the Phantom is actually a brilliant scholar, magician, architect, inventor, and composer who was born with a terrifyingly deformed face. Feared and reviled by society, he was cruelly exhibited in a cage as part of a travelling fair until he eventually escaped and disappeared. He has since taken refuge beneath the opera house, which has now become his home.
During rehearsals, Raoul – tired of the tyranny with which the Phantom rules the Opera – thinks to use the première of Don Juan Triumphant as a trap to capture the Phantom and put an end to his reign of terror once and for all. Carlotta falsely accuses Christine of being the mastermind and that it is her plan so she can be the star. Christine angrily defends herself, saying she is not the Phantom's accomplice, but his victim. Raoul, knowing of the Phantom's obsession with his fiancée, asserts that the Phantom will be sure to attend the opera's première, and begs Christine to help him lure the Phantom into the trap ("Notes/Twisted Every Way"). Torn between her love for Raoul and her fear of the Phantom, Christine visits her father's grave, longing for his guidance but understanding that she must move on ("Wishing You Were Somehow Here Again"). The Phantom appears atop the mausoleum, again under the guise of the Angel of Music ("Wandering Child"), and sings to Christine. Christine, tired and heartbroken, once again accepts her "Angel" as a friend, nearly succumbing to the Phantom's influence, but Raoul arrives to both rescue her and confront The Phantom. The Phantom taunts Raoul, hurling fire balls at him until Christine begs Raoul to leave with her ("Bravo Monsieur"). Furious, the Phantom declares war upon them both and causes flames to spring up around the mausoleum.
With armed policemen having secured the auditorium and watching for the Phantom, Don Juan Triumphant premieres with Christine and Piangi singing the lead roles. During Don Juan's and Aminta's duet, Christine comes to the sudden realization that she is singing not with Piangi, but with the Phantom himself ("The Point of No Return"). Mimicking Raoul's vow of devotion on the rooftop, the Phantom once again expresses love for Christine and forces his ring onto her finger; Christine rips off his mask, exposing his horrifically deformed face to the shocked audience. The opera house is plunged into chaos. Piangi's garroted body is revealed backstage, the cast and audience fly into a state of panic, and the Phantom seizes Christine and flees the theatre. An angry mob, vowing vengeance for the murders of Buquet and Piangi, searches the theatre for the Phantom, while Madame Giry tells Raoul how to find the Phantom's subterranean lair, and warns him to beware his magical lasso. ("Down Once More/Track Down This Murderer").
In the lair, Christine is forced to don a wedding dress. Raoul finds the lair and attempts to persuade the Phantom to spare Christine, begging him to show compassion. The Phantom refuses, and captures Raoul with the Punjab lasso. The Phantom tells Christine that he will free Raoul if she agrees to stay with him forever, but if she refuses, Raoul will die. Christine, heartbroken, tells the Phantom that it is his soul that is deformed, not his face. As the Phantom and Raoul both plead to her, Christine mournfully wonders what kind of life the Phantom has known. She tells the Phantom that he is not alone and kisses him, showing him compassion for the first time in his life. The Phantom, having experienced kindness at last, understands that he cannot compel Christine to love him, and sets them both free. Raoul hurries Christine out of the lair, but she returns alone to give the Phantom back his ring. The Phantom tells Christine he loves her, before she tearfully exits with Raoul. The weeping Phantom huddles on his throne and covers himself with his cloak. The mob, led by Meg, enters the lair. Meg pulls the Phantom's cloak from the throne, finding only his mask on the seat. She lifts the mask up into the light and gazes at it in wonder as the curtain falls.[38]
Casting[edit]
Original casts[edit]
The original casts of the major productions of The Phantom of the Opera:[39][40]
Character
Original West End Cast
Original Broadway Cast
Original Las Vegas Cast
Royal Albert Hall 25th Anniversary Cast[41]
The Phantom of the Opera
Michael Crawford Brent Barrett
Anthony Crivello‡ Ramin Karimloo
Christine Daaé
Sarah Brightman
Claire Moore† Sarah Brightman
Patti Cohenour† Sierra Boggess
Elizabeth Loyacano‡ Sierra Boggess
Raoul, Vicomte de Chagny
Steve Barton Tim Martin Gleason Hadley Fraser
Carlotta Giudicelli
Rosemary Ashe Judy Kaye Elena Jeanne Batman
Geena Jeffries Mattox‡ Wendy Ferguson
Madame Giry
Mary Millar Leila Martin Rebecca Spencer Liz Robertson
Meg Giry
Janet Devenish Elisa Heinsohn Brianne Kelly Morgan Daisy Maywood
Monsieur Richard Firmin
John Savident Nick Wyman Lawson Skala Barry James
Monsieur Gilles André
David Firth Cris Groenendaal John Leslie Wolfe Gareth Snook
Ubaldo Piangi
John Aron David Romano Larry Wayne Morbitt Wynne Evans
† The role of Christine Daaé is double-cast in most professional productions. The secondary actress performs the role twice a week (on Broadway, Thursday evening and Saturday matinée).[42]
‡ Three roles (The Phantom, Christine, and Carlotta) were double-cast in the original Las Vegas production, with the two actors in each pair singing alternate performances.[43] Later, Las Vegas casting became identical to that in the Broadway production, with single casting for all characters except Christine.[44]
West End replacements[edit]
The Phantom: Martin Smith, Peter Karrie, Dave Willetts, John Owen-Jones, Ramin Karimloo, Peter Jöback, Simon Bowman, Earl Carpenter, Marcus Lovett, Peter Cousens, Peter Polycarpou, Ben Forster, Ben Lewis,
Christine Daaé: Claire Moore, Rebecca Caine, Celia Graham, Myrra Malmberg, Gina Beck, Rachel Barrell, Sofia Escobar, Leila Benn Harris, Robyn North, Katie Hall, Anna O'Byrne, Meredith Braun, Celinde Schoenmaker, Kelly Mathieson, Amy Manford
Raoul, Vicomte de Chagny: Michael Ball, John Barrowman, Simon Bowman, Simon Burke, Clive Carter, Killian Donnelly, Ramin Karimloo, Robert Meadmore, Oliver Thornton, Sean Palmer, Gardar Thor Cortes,
Carlotta Giuducelli: Morag McLaren, Julia Goss, Margaret Preece, Shan Cothi
Monsieur Richard Firmin: Andy Hockley
Monsieur Gilles Andre: Martin Ball
Broadway replacements[edit]
The Phantom: Timothy Nolen, Steve Barton, Mark Jacoby, Kevin Grey, Marcus Lovett, Davis Gaines, Thomas James O'Leary, Marcus Lovett, Hugh Panaro, Howard McGillin, Gary Mauer, Brad Little, John Cudia, Peter Jöback, Norm Lewis, James Barbour, Amick Byram, Laird Mackintosh, Ben Crawford
Christine Daaé: Lisa Vroman, Patti Cohenour, Rebecca Luker, Rebecca Pitcher, Jennifer Hope Wills, Kimilee Bryant, Sierra Boggess, Samantha Hill, Mary Michael Patterson, Julia Udine, Ali Ewoldt
Raoul, Vicomte de Chagny: Davis Gaines, Kevin Grey Gary Mauer, Hugh Panaro, Brad Little, John Cudia, Tim Martin Gleason, Rodney Ingram
Monsieur Gilles Andre: George Lee Andrews, Laird Mackintosh
Musical numbers[edit]
Prologue
Prologue: The stage of the Paris Opéra House, 1911 – Old Raoul
Overture – Orchestra
Act I
"Hannibal Rehearsal"- Carlotta, Piangi, Ensemble
"Think of Me" – Carlotta, Christine, Raoul
"Angel of Music/Little Lotte" – Christine, Meg, Raoul, The Phantom
"The Phantom of the Opera"– Phantom and Christine
"The Music of the Night" – Phantom
"I Remember/Stranger Than You Dreamt It – Christine and Phantom
"Magical Lasso" – Buquet and Madame Giry
"Notes/Prima Donna" – Firmin, André, Raoul, Carlotta, Piangi, Giry, Meg, and Phantom
"Poor Fool, He Makes Me Laugh" – Carlotta, Confidante, Jeweler, Hairdresser, Christine, Phantom, Ensemble
"Why Have You Brought Me Here/Raoul, I've Been There" – Raoul and Christine
"All I Ask of You" – Raoul and Christine
"All I Ask of You/Act 1 Finale" (Reprise) – Phantom
Act II
Entr'acte – Orchestra
"Masquerade"- Full Company
"Why So Silent"- Phantom
"Notes/Twisted Every Way" – André, Firmin, Carlotta, Piangi, Raoul, Christine, Giry, and Phantom
"Don Juan Triumphant Rehearsal"- Christine, Carlotta, Piangi, Reyer, Ensemble
"Wishing You Were Somehow Here Again" – Christine
"Wandering Child/Bravo, Bravo" – Phantom, Christine and Raoul
"The Point of No Return" – Phantom and Christine
"Down Once More/Track Down This Murderer" – Full Company
"Finale" - Phantom, Christine, Raoul, Company
Orchestra[edit]
There are several orchestrations:
29 piece orchestra (original score, used in London),
27 piece orchestra (current Broadway score)
13 piece orchestra (Reduced score for tour),
45 piece orchestra (25th Anniversary score).
The current Broadway orchestration is what is licensed by R&H Theatricals for amateur and professional productions. The only difference between the 29- and 27-piece orchestras is the lack of Violins VII & VIII in the 27-piece orchestra.
The Broadway production originally used a 29-piece pit orchestra:
Reed I: Flute/Piccolo
Reed II: Flute/Clarinet
Reed III: Oboe/English Horn
Reed IV: B-flat Clarinet/Bass Clarinet/E-flat Clarinet
Reed V: Bassoon
French Horns I–III
Trumpets I–II
Trombone
Percussion I-II (see below)
Keyboards I–II: Piano, Synthesizer
Violins I-VIII (currently only six violins)
Violas I–II
Cellos I–II
String Bass
Harp
Percussion is split between two books – regular percussion and mallets
2 Timpani, Suspended cymbals, Crash Cymbals, Snare drum, Triangle, Tambourine, Bass Drum
Glockenspiel, Xylophone, Vibes, Marimba, Tubular Bells, Bell Tree, Woodblock, Gong, Guiro, Finger Cymbals
Recordings[edit]
Cast recordings have been made of the London,[45] Austrian,[46] Dutch, German, Japanese, Swedish, Korean, Hungarian, Mexican, Polish, Russian and Canadian productions.[47]
The recording of the 1986 original London cast, released by Polydor Records in 1987, was released in both a single CD Highlights From The Phantom of the Opera and a two CD Phantom of the Opera, both of which have been certified 4× Platinum in the US and sold 4.97 million copies as of January 2017. "The Complete Recordings" edition has sold 507,000 copies since 1991.[48][49] Phantom was also certified 3× Platinum in the UK.[50] The Canadian cast recording went 2× Platinum in Canada.[51] In Switzerland, Phantom was certified 3× Platinum and Highlights was certified 2× Platinum.[52] Recordings of the Vienna cast and the Hamburg cast produced by Jimmy Bowien were certified Gold and triple Platinum, respectively, in Germany.[53] The original album recording has sold an alleged 24 million copies worldwide.[54]
A live recording of The Phantom of the Opera at the Royal Albert Hall was released in the UK on 15 November 2011 and subsequently in the US and Canada on 7 February 2012,[55] along with Blu-ray and DVD videos, and a collectors' box set of the Royal Albert concert, the original cast recording, and the sequel, Love Never Dies.[55][56]
Sales and certifications[edit]
Original 1986 London production[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Canada (Music Canada)[57]
2× Platinum 200,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[58]
12× Platinum 180,000^
Poland (ZPAV)[59]
Gold 50,000*
Sweden (GLF)[60]
Gold 50,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[61]
3× Platinum 900,000^
United States (RIAA)[62]
4× Platinum 4,000,000^
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
Local productions[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Austria (IFPI Austria)[63]
Platinum 50,000*
Canada (Music Canada)[64]
8× Platinum 800,000^
Germany (BVMI)[65]
3× Platinum 1,500,000^
Germany (BVMI)[66]
Gold 250,000^
Sweden (GLF)[67]
Gold 50,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[68]
3× Platinum 150,000^
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
Highlights From The Phantom of the Opera[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Canada (Music Canada)[69]
8× Platinum 800,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[70]
2× Platinum 100,000^
United States (RIAA)[71]
4× Platinum 4,000,000^
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
Allegations of plagiarism[edit]
In 1987 the heirs of Giacomo Puccini charged in a lawsuit that the climactic phrase in "Music of the Night" closely resembled a similar phrase in the sequence "Quello che tacete" from Puccini's opera Girl of the Golden West.[72][73] The litigation was settled out of court for an undisclosed amount.[74][75]
In 1990 a Baltimore songwriter named Ray Repp filed a lawsuit alleging that the title song from Phantom was based on a song that he wrote in 1978 called "Till You".[76] After eight years of litigation – including an unsuccessful countersuit by Lloyd Webber claiming that "Till You" was itself a plagiarism of "Close Every Door" from Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat[77] – the jury found in Lloyd Webber's favour.[78]
Former Pink Floyd vocalist Roger Waters has repeatedly claimed in interviews that the signature descending/ascending half-tone chord progression from Phantom's title song was plagiarised from the bass line of a track on the 1971 Pink Floyd album Meddle called "Echoes". He has never taken any legal action. "Life's too long to bother with suing Andrew fucking Lloyd Webber," he said. "I think that might make me really gloomy."[79]
Other productions[edit]
Phantom has been translated into several languages and produced in over 28 countries on 6 continents. With only the exception of Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, New Zealand, Panama, Poland, Romania, and the 25th Anniversary UK and US Tours, these productions have all been "clones", using the original staging, direction, sets, and costume concepts.[80][81] Notable international productions include the following:
Australia: 1990–1998: Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide, and Perth; 2007–2009: Melbourne, Brisbane, Sydney, Auckland, Perth and Adelaide, both starring Anthony Warlow. Brian Stacey was the original conductor of the first Australian production.[82] Marina Prior starred as Christine in the original production. In the original Australian production, Rob Guest later took over the title role.[83] The final leg of the recent tour was staged in Adelaide in an arena format featuring giant screens on either side of the stage that presented footage shot simultaneously with the performance. 2013: Canberra starring Michael Cormick as The Phantom and with Julie Lea Goodwin starring as Christine from 9 to 23 August 2013. Goodwin had previously played the role, as the "Alternate Christine", in the 2007 to 2009 national tour.[84]
Austria: The German language production premiered at the Theater an der Wien in December 1988.[85]
Canada: The Canadian production of Phantom ran from 20 September 1989 to 31 October 1999 in Toronto at the Pantages Theatre, with Colm Wilkinson originating the role of Phantom. The Canadian International Touring Company toured the musical in Canada, Hawaii, Alaska, Hong Kong, and Singapore from 11 March 1991 to October 1995. The Music Box Tour (Third US National Tour) played dates across Canada in 2006–2007 including Calgary, Vancouver, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Toronto, Saskatoon and Ottawa.[86]
China: The Shanghai production played 97 performances at the Shanghai Grand Theatre. The World Tour had their sixth season at the Culture Plaza Theatre at Shanghai Culture Square from 3 December 2013 to 26 January 2014.[87] The World Tour returned to China at the Guangzhou Opera House in Guangzhou from 26 September to 10 October 2015[88] and performed its final season at the Tianqiao Performing Arts Center in Beijing from 17 November 2015 to 10 January 2016.[89]
Estonia: Production in Estonian language (but with English and Finnish subtitles) featuring original sets, costumes, and direction premiered on 4 October 2014 at Theatre Vanemuine in Tartu. In first season 2014/2015 there were 24 performances in total, eight of which took place in capital Tallinn at Nordea Concert Hall (premiered there on 30 October 2014). In spring 2017 there will be further 12 performances (two of which in Tallinn).[81]
Finland: A Finnish production premiered in Helsinki in 2015 at the Finnish National Opera in English.[90]
Germany: "Das Phantom der Oper" opened at the Stage Neue Flora Theatre, Hamburg from 1990 to 2001, the Palladium Theatre in Stuttgart from 2002 to 2004, and at the Colosseum Theatre in Essen from 2005 to 2007. A second Hamburg production ran from December 2013 until September 2015 at the Stage Theatre Neue Flora. A production in Oberhausen is currently running at the Metronom Theater from 17 November 2015.[91]
Hungary: Madách Theatre, Budapest. This production, which began in 2003, was the first to modify the original staging with new sets, costumes and direction. The five hundredth performance on 20 September 2007 featured four successive sets of casts.[80]
New Zealand: Opened at the Aotea Centre in Auckland in 1997 and at The Civic, The Edge-Auckland in 2008. A local production (with new designs)[92] opened on 13 June at the St. James Theatre in Wellington[93] and closed on 16 July 2013.
Panama: For the first time in Central America, "El Fantasma de la Opera" played in Spanish at the Teatro Anayansi of the Atlapa Convention Center from 23 to 25 September 2016, directed by Aaron Zebede. Randy Dominguez starred in the role of The Phantom, with Maria Fernanda Achurra as Christine and Leo Almengor as Raoul.[94]
Romania: The Romanian premiere was in January 2015 produced by the Romanian National Opereta. This new non-replica production was performed in Romanian with a local cast led by a British creative team.[95]
Russia: Moscow production cooproduced by Stage Entertainment and Really Useful Group premiered on 4 October 2014 in the MDM theatre starring Ivan Ozhogin and Dmitry Yermak as The Phantom. The stalls and the stage were modernised specially for the production. The premiere was attended by Richard Stilgoe and Charles Hart.[96][97]
Serbia: The Serbian premiere was in October 2017 produced by Belgrade-based Terazije Theatre.Production is performed in Serbian with a local cast .[98]
Singapore: First tour at the Kallang Theatre from 26 February 1995 to 20 May 1995, second tour at the Esplanade - Theatres on the Bay from 23 March 2007 to 20 May 2007.[99]
Turkey: The World Tour played in Istanbul at the Zorlu Center PSM from 7 April to 17 May 2015.[100]
United States: Los Angeles (1989–1993), San Francisco (1993–1999). A US National tour commenced in 1991 in Los Angeles, and closed on 31 October 2010 at the Pantages Theatre in Hollywood, California, after nearly two decades. The closing night performance was attended by many former cast and crew members, including Andrew Lloyd Webber and Sarah Brightman.[101]
Film version[edit]
A film version, directed by Joel Schumacher and starring Gerard Butler as the Phantom, Emmy Rossum as Christine, Patrick Wilson as Raoul, Minnie Driver as Carlotta, and Miranda Richardson as Madame Giry, opened on 22 December 2004 in the US.[102]
Phantom: The Las Vegas Spectacular[edit]
An edited production renamed Phantom: The Las Vegas Spectacular opened 24 June 2006 at The Venetian in Las Vegas, Nevada, in a theatre built specifically for the show to resemble the Opéra Garnier in Paris.[103] The production ran 95 minutes with no intermission, and was directed and choreographed by Harold Prince and Gillian Lynne, with scenic designs by David Rockwell. The show featured updated technology and effects, including a re-engineered chandelier capable of reassembling in midair during the overture while the entire interior of the venue (not merely the stage) returned to its 1880s halcyon days.[43] Almost 45 minutes' worth of material was eliminated, such as the Don Juan Triumphant rehearsal. "Poor Fool, He Makes Me Laugh" and "The Point of No Return" were significantly shortened.[43] Other changes resembled those in the 2004 film, such as staging the chandelier crash at the plot's climax (during performance of "The Point of No Return") rather than mid-story.[44][104] The Las Vegas production closed on 2 September 2012.
Copyright release[edit]
In 2011 The Really Useful Group (copyright owners of Phantom) released certain rights to the play in celebration of its 25th anniversary. In March 2011 Reed-Custer High School in Braidwood, Illinois, became the first school to perform Phantom under the new rights.[105] Later in 2011, Stanwell School in Penarth became the first school in the UK to perform the show.[106]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Original London production[edit]
Year
Award Ceremony
Category
Nominee
Result
1986 Laurence Olivier Award[107][108] Best New Musical Won
Best Actor in a Musical Michael Crawford Won
Designer of the Year Maria Björnson Nominated
2002 Most Popular Show Won
Original Broadway production[edit]
Year
Award Ceremony
Category
Nominee
Result
1988 Drama Desk Award Outstanding Musical Nominated
Outstanding Actor in a Musical Michael Crawford Won
Outstanding Actress in a Musical Sarah Brightman Nominated
Outstanding Director of a Musical Harold Prince Won
Outstanding Music Andrew Lloyd Webber Won
Outstanding Orchestrations David Cullen and Andrew Lloyd Webber Won
Outstanding Set Design Maria Björnson Won
Outstanding Costume Design Won
Outstanding Lighting Design Andrew Bridge Won
Tony Award[109] Best Musical Won
Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical Michael Crawford Won
Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical Judy Kaye Won
Best Direction of a Musical Harold Prince Won
Best Book of a Musical Richard Stilgoe and Andrew Lloyd Webber Nominated
Best Original Score Andrew Lloyd Webber, Charles Hart and Richard Stilgoe Nominated
Best Scenic Design Maria Björnson Won
Best Costume Design Won
Best Lighting Design Andrew Bridge Won
Best Choreography Gillian Lynne Nominated
Sequel[edit]
Main article: Love Never Dies (musical)
The sequel to Phantom, written by Lloyd Webber, Ben Elton, Frederick Forsyth and Glenn Slater, is called Love Never Dies.[110] It was loosely adapted from the 1999 novel The Phantom of Manhattan, by Forsyth. Set in 1907 (a decade after the conclusion of Phantom according to the production's announcement,[111] but actually 26 years later, as the original show was set in 1881[37]), Christine is invited to perform at Phantasma, a new attraction at Coney Island, by an anonymous impresario. With her husband, Raoul, and son, Gustave, in tow she journeys to Brooklyn, unaware that it is the Phantom who has arranged her appearance at the popular beach resort.[111][112]
The original production was directed by Jack O'Brien and choreographed by Jerry Mitchell with set and costume designs by Bob Crowley,[110] and opened at the Adelphi Theatre in the West End on 9 March 2010.[113] Though it ran for over 17 months and closed on 27 August 2011, the production received mixed reviews.[114][115][116] A scheduled Broadway opening in November 2010 was postponed until Spring 2011[117] and later cancelled.[118] A revamped Australian production, starring Ben Lewis and Anna O'Byrne, opened 21 May 2011 at the Regent Theatre in Melbourne to more favourable notices.[119][120][121][122] After the Melbourne run ended on 12 December 2011 the production moved to the Capitol Theatre in Sydney where it played from January to April 2012.[123][124]
See also[edit]
Phantom
List of best-selling albums in New Zealand
List of best-selling albums
Love Never Dies
Notes[edit]
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Jump up ^ "The Phantom of the Opera – The Show – Awards". Archived from the original on 30 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Gerald Martin Bordman (2004). The Oxford companion to American theatre p.496. Oxford University Press. "A British musical based on Leroux's famous novel".
Jump up ^ Top 10 Longest-Running London Theatre Shows Londonist.com. Retrieved 11 February 2012
Jump up ^ The A to Z of the Broadway Musical p.266. Scarecrow Press, 2009
Jump up ^ Smith, Tim (11 April 2010) 'Phantom of the Opera’ at the Hippodrome The Baltimore Sun
Jump up ^ Trueman, Matt (10 April 2012). "Lion King rules Broadway as highest grossing show of all time". The Guardian. London.
^ Jump up to: a b "Phantom of the Opera Screening Earns Over £500,000 in the UK", BroadwayWorld.com, 5 October 2011
^ Jump up to: a b Jones, Kenneth (25 January 2006). "Phantom turns 18". Playbill. Retrieved 23 April 2008.
Jump up ^ Gans, Andrew. "The Lion King Is Now Top-Earner in Box-Office History", Playbill, 22 September 2014.
Jump up ^ Andrew Lloyd Webber, Martin Knowlden The Phantom of the Opera Companion Pavilion, 2007
Jump up ^ Bright, Spencer (8 December 1996). "Jim'll Fix It". Sunday Times. Retrieved 9 July 2007.
Jump up ^ Citron, Stephen. Sondheim and Lloyd-Webber (2001), Oxford University Press US, ISBN 0-19-509601-0, p. 330
Jump up ^ Behr, Edward. The Complete Book of Les Misérables (1993),Arcade Publishing, ISBN 1-55970-156-0, p. 62
^ Jump up to: a b Behind the Mask documentary, on the 2004 film DVD
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Jump up ^ Coveney, M. Cats on a Chandelier: The Andrew Lloyd Webber Story. New York, Hutchinson (1999). pp. 200–206. ISBN 978-0091801700
Jump up ^ Snelson, J. Andrew Lloyd Webber (Yale Broadway Masters Series). New Haven, Yale University Press (2009), p. 88. ISBN 978-0300151138
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Jump up ^ Maria Bjornson obituary. London times archive Retrieved 3 April 2011.
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^ Jump up to: a b Propst, Andy. Broadway's Phantom of the Opera to Reach Historic 9,000th Performance on 17 September TheaterMania.com. 14 September 2009.
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Jump up ^ "The Phantom of the Opera hits a majestic new milestone" playbill.com, 28 November 2016
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Jump up ^ "Andrew Lloyd Webber – The Phantom of the Opera". DiscOgs. 5 April 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2012. Tracklist...Prologue: The Stage of the Paris Opéra, 1905
^ Jump up to: a b Phantom Las Vegas: Musical Numbers
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Jump up ^ POTO Onstage Archived 8 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine., phantom-media.info – accessed 10 May 2009
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Jump up ^ Royal Albert Hall performance IMDb page
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^ Jump up to: a b Casting: PhantomLasVegas.com Retrieved 8 September 2011
Jump up ^ Discogs.com entry "The Phantom Of The Opera" Original London Cast
Jump up ^ Discogs.com entry "Das Phantom Der Oper"
Jump up ^ Discogs.com entry "The Phantom Of The Opera" Original Canadian Cast
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Jump up ^ "Guld- och Platinacertifikat − År 1987−1998" (PDF) (in Swedish). IFPI Sweden. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
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Jump up ^ "American album certifications – Andrew Lloyd Webber – Phantom of the Opera". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 7 August 2012. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ "Austrian album certifications – Diverse – Phantom der Oper" (in German). IFPI Austria. Retrieved 7 August 2012. Enter Diverse in the field Interpret. Enter Phantom der Oper in the field Titel. Select album in the field Format. Click Suchen
Jump up ^ "Canadian album certifications – Various Artists – The Phantom of the Opera". Music Canada. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Musical Hamburg; 'Musical Hamburg – Das Phantom der Oper')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
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Jump up ^ "Guld- och Platinacertifikat − År 1987−1998" (PDF) (in Swedish). IFPI Sweden. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards (Musical; 'Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber)')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Canadian album certifications – Various Artists – The Phantom of the Opera (Highlights)". Music Canada. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards (Musical; 'Phantom of the Opera (Highlights) (Andrew Lloyd Webber)')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "American album certifications – Andrew Lloyd Webber – Highlights from Phantom of the Opera _Loncon Cast_". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 7 August 2012. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ Hear the Opera Andrew Lloyd Webber Allegedly Plagiarized. SFist. Archived 11 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
Jump up ^ Who's Listening to Lloyd Webber? Theatre Communications Group archive Archived 5 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 7 November 2011
Jump up ^ HOW THE WEST WON THE MET (13 June 2010). San Jose Mercury News (CA). Article ID: 1408078
Jump up ^ LET'S HEAR 'GIRL OF THE GOLDEN WEST' SING (12 June 2010) San Jose Mercury News (CA). Article ID: 1408152
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Jump up ^ Andrew Lloyd Webber Loses Round in Battle Over Allegedly Stolen Song (5 December 1996). Seattle Post-Intelligencer Retrieved 10 September 2010.
Jump up ^ Lloyd Webber Wins Phantom Battle. BBC News Retrieved 10 September 2010.
Jump up ^ "Who the hell does Roger Waters think he is?". Q magazine. November 1992. Archived from the original on 22 October 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2009.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Official homepage of the Theatre Vanemuine". Retrieved 5 October 2014.
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Jump up ^ "п°я▌п╥п╦п╨п╩ б╚п÷я─п╦п╥я─п╟п╨ п·пп╣я─я▀б╩. п·я└п╦я├п╦п╟п╩я▄п╫я▀п╧ я│п╟п╧я┌ | п²п╬п╡п╬я│я┌п╦". Phantom-musical.ru. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
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Jump up ^ "Phantom" To Close at Pantages. neontommy.com Retrieved 27 January 2011.
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Jump up ^ Jessica Boyd (20 March 2011). "RCHS Spring Musical". braidwoodparkdistrict.com. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
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Jump up ^ "OLIVIER AWARDS 1986". westendtheatre.com. Retrieved 19 July 2010.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Love Never Dies: The Show – The Creative Team". LoveNeverDies.com Official Site. Archived from the original on 12 July 2010. Retrieved 19 July 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "Phantom Sequel, Love Never Dies, Now Due in London and on Broadway in March 2010". Playbill. 18 May 2009. Archived from the original on 18 January 2010.
Jump up ^ "Love Never Dies: The Show – Background". Love Never Dies (official site). Archived from the original on 14 February 2010.
Jump up ^ Bamigboye, Baz. Ramin Karimloo originated the Phantom, and Sierra Boggess played Christine. Joseph Millson, Summer Strallen, and Charlie Manton were all in the original cast of Love Never Dies as well.Watch out for... Daily Mail. 3 April 2009.
Jump up ^ "Love Never Dies sees mixed reviews". CBC News. 10 March 2010. Archived from the original on 23 March 2010.
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External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Phantom of the Opera
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Phantom of the Opera (Webber musical).
Official website
The Phantom of the Opera at Playbill Vault
The Phantom of the Opera at the Internet Broadway Database
The Phantom of the Opera (The Guide to Musical Theatre)
An interview with the makeup designer on the American Theatre Wing's "Working in the Theatre" series.
Preceded by
Cats Longest-running Broadway show
2006–present Succeeded by
—
[show]
v
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The Phantom of the Opera by Gaston Leroux
Books
The Phantom of the Opera (1909–1910)
Phantom (1990)
The Canary Trainer (1993)
The Phantom of Manhattan (1999)
Stage adaptations
Phantom of the Opera (1976)
The Phantom of the Opera (1986)
Phantom (1991)
Love Never Dies (2010)
Film and television
The Phantom of the Opera (1925)
Song at Midnight (1937)
Phantom of the Opera (1943)
The Phantom of the Opera (1962)
The Phantom of Hollywood (1974)
Phantom of the Paradise (1974)
Opera (1987)
The Phantom of the Opera (1989)
Phantom of the Mall: Eric's Revenge (1989)
The Phantom of the Opera (1990)
The Phantom Lover (1995)
The Phantom of the Opera (1998)
The Phantom of the Opera (2004)
The Phantom of the Opera at the Royal Albert Hall (2011)
Characters
Erik
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Viscount Raoul de Chagny
The Persian
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Madame Giry
Meg Giry
Joseph Buquet
Songs
"The Phantom of the Opera"
"The Music of the Night"
"All I Ask of You"
"Learn to Be Lonely"
"'Til I Hear You Sing"
Other
Don Juan Triumphant
Punjab lasso
Adaptations
Return of the Phantom
Palais Garnier
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Musicals
The Likes of Us
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Jesus Christ Superstar
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Tell Me on a Sunday
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Songs
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"Unexpected Song"
"Memory"
"Pie Jesu"
"The Phantom of the Opera"
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"As If We Never Said Goodbye"
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Other compositions
Variations
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The Phantom of the Opera at the Royal Albert Hall
Family
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Julian Lloyd Webber (brother)
Imogen Lloyd Webber (daughter)
Sarah Brightman (second wife)
Madeleine Gurdon (third wife)
Jiaxin Cheng (sister-in-law)
Company
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1976-2000
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Songbook (1979)
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Emmett Brown
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Emmett "Doc" Brown
Back to the Future character
Christopher Lloyd as Dr Emmett Brown
Portrayed by
Christopher Lloyd
Voiced by
Dan Castellaneta
Christopher Lloyd (Emmett Brown, Back to the Future: The Game; Lego Dimensions)
James Arnold Taylor (Young Emmett Brown, Back to the Future: The Game)
Appearances
Back to the Future
Back to the Future Part II
Back to the Future Part III
Back to the Future: the Animated Series
Back to the Future: The Ride
The Simpsons Ride
Back to the Future: The Game
A Million Ways to Die in the West
Lego Dimensions
Doc Brown Saves the World
Information
Occupation
Scientist
Physicist
Blacksmith
Relatives
Judge Braun Brown (father)
Clara Clayton Brown (wife)
Jules Eratosthenes Brown (son)
Verne Newton Brown (son)
Time travel
Original time
1985
Known years visited
1885, 1955, 1985, 1985A, 2015
Emmett Lathrop "Doc" Brown, Ph.D., is a fictional character in the Back to the Future trilogy in which he is the inventor of the first time machine, built out of a DeLorean sports car. The character is portrayed by Christopher Lloyd in all three films, as well as in the live action sequences of the animated series. He is voiced by Dan Castellaneta in the animated series. The character's appearance and mannerisms are loosely inspired by Leopold Stokowski and Albert Einstein.[1] In 2008, Dr. Emmett Brown was selected by Empire magazine as one of The 100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time, ranking at #20.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Biography
2 Other appearances
3 References
4 External links
Biography[edit]
Emmett refers to himself as "a student of all sciences" and is depicted as a talented inventor. His homes in 1985, 1955, and 1885 are shown to contain various labor-saving gadgets.
He appears to be heavily influenced by scientists of previous eras, naming successive pet dogs Copernicus and Einstein, and having portraits of Isaac Newton, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Edison and Albert Einstein in his laboratory. His favorite author is Jules Verne and his family name was originally "von Braun" before World War I.
Emmett's family moved to Hill Valley from Germany in 1908. Although initially wealthy because of his inheritance, he spent his entire family fortune on his time travel project. When the Brown mansion was destroyed by fire in 1962 and the property sold to developers, Doc subsequently resided in the mansion's garage. Once broke, he established a privately owned business to offer 24-hour scientific services, building ingenious devices for his customers.
Emmett's work appears to be highly regarded, enough for him to win an award for his work. However, he is shown as absent-minded at times, and various statements by other characters inhabiting Hill Valley indicate that he is generally regarded as strange, eccentric, or insane. Being very loud and sprightly, he often speaks with wide-eyed expressions and broad gestures ("Great Scott!" being one of his well-known catchphrases) and tends to be overly verbose in his delivery, referring in one case to a school dance as a "rhythmic ceremonial ritual".
Doc and Marty met several years prior to the events of the first time travel experiment when Marty, out of curiosity, sneaked into Doc's lab after being warned by his parents to stay away from him. Happy to be revered as 'cool', Doc hired Marty as his part-time lab assistant.
In the original timeline, in contrast with Marty's shy and unassertive father, George McFly, Doc is a supportive and open-minded mentor for Marty. Doc's positive influence in turn allows Marty to mentor George in 1955, which appears to encourage George's later success as a novelist, and help him become a better husband and father. One line in particular, "If you put your mind to it, you can accomplish anything," originates from Doc. Marty repeats it to George in 1955, who repeats it back to Marty in the post time travel 1985.
Doc has been involved with illegal and criminal enterprises (albeit as a means to obtain items for his inventions he could not purchase legally) but he is naive and care-free about the consequences of his actions. He excitedly tells Marty how he cheated Libyan terrorists out of stolen plutonium: "They wanted me to build them a bomb, so I took their plutonium and, in turn, gave them a shoddy bomb casing full of used pinball machine parts!"
Despite being intelligent and logical for the most part, Doc is somewhat naive at times about the unknown possible uses of his time machine, initially actively explores the course of the world's future and tries to alter the past or future of the principal characters to improve their lives. However, events lead him to conclude that time travel is too dangerous for humankind. His conviction initially strengthened when he realizes that he has unwittingly altered history by preventing the death of Clara Clayton in 1885; he concludes that the time machine has "caused nothing but disaster" and asks Marty to destroy it once he returns to his own time. Nonetheless, Doc pursues a romantic relationship with Clara despite the risks of further disrupting the timeline.
However, after having been left behind in 1885 when Marty departs in the DeLorean for 1985, Doc starts a family with Clara; the couple have two sons, Jules and Verne. He eventually builds another time machine out of a steam locomotive, and the Browns return to 1985 in order to pick up Einstein before setting out for another adventure.
Other appearances[edit]
Dan Castellaneta played the character in the short-lived animated series, Back to the Future: The Animated Series. The show was a continuation of the previous movies' storyline though officially rendered non-canon by co-creator Bob Gale.[3][citation needed] It instead takes place in an alternate timeline. Christopher Lloyd reprised the role of Doc Brown in the show's live-action segments.
Christopher Lloyd reprised the role of Doc Brown for Back to the Future: The Ride. The ride acts as a mini sequel to the film franchise, following Doc Brown and his founding of the 'Institute of Future Technology'. Here, he invites tourists to embark on a time-travelling adventure in his newly made eight passenger DeLorean. The ride was included on the 2009 Blu-Ray re-release of the trilogy.[4]
Lloyd reprised the role of Doc Brown for the 1990 Warner Bros. program The Earth Day Special.
Lloyd also returned to voice Doc Brown in his appearance in Back to the Future: The Video Game.
As a reference to the Back to the Future's ride closure, Doc Brown has a cameo in The Simpsons Ride.
Doc Brown appeared in the Universal Studios show, Bill and Ted's Excellent Halloween Adventure giving Bill and Ted a ride back to the future due to Ted misplacing their own time machine.
Christopher Lloyd also reprises the role in the video game Lego Dimensions.
Due to the character's success, Brown has also been parodied on shows such as Family Guy and Robot Chicken whilst also being the main inspiration for the character of Rick Sanchez in Rick and Morty.
Christopher Lloyd reprised the role of Doc Brown in the 2015 direct-to-video short film Doc Brown Saves the World, which reveals that he erased the future witnessed in Back to the Future II as the various inventions of that time led to mass obesity and Griff Tannen triggering a nuclear holocaust.
Lloyd reprised the role of Doc Brown for a cameo role in the 2014 film A Million Ways to Die in the West, apparently set during Brown's time trapped in the past, where he hides the DeLorean while talking with the film's protagonist.
The final scene of the non-canonical nonsense iCarly episode "iApril Fools" and in the theme sequence of its Victorious equivalent "April Fools Blank" there is a clear reference to Doc's dialogue with Marty and Jennifer in the final sequence of Back to the Future and in the initial sequence of Back to the Future Part II.
Lloyd plays a very Doc Brown-esque role in the 2016 Funny or Die satire film Donald Trump's The Art of the Deal: The Movie.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale Q&A, Back to the Future [2002 DVD], recorded at the University of Southern California
Jump up ^ "Empire's The 100 Greatest Movie Characters". Empire Magazine. Retrieved 2010-05-21.
Jump up ^ Archived December 25, 2010 at the Wayback Machine
Jump up ^ "Back to the Future™ - The Official Site". www.backtothefuture.com. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
External links[edit]
Emmett Brown on IMDb
Film in the United States portal
Science fiction portal
Fictional characters portal
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Emmett Brown
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