text:
Turnover (basketball)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
In basketball, a turnover occurs when a team loses possession of the ball to the opposing team before a player takes a shot at his team's basket. This can result from the ball being stolen, the player making mistakes such as stepping out of bounds, illegal screen, a double dribble, having a pass intercepted, throwing the ball out of bounds, three-second violation, five-second violation, or committing an error such as traveling, a shot clock violation, palming, a backcourt violation, or committing an offensive foul. A technical foul against a team that is in possession of the ball is a blatant example of a turnover, because the opponent is awarded a free throw in addition to possession of the ball.
Some players are prone to turnovers because of having poor court vision[clarify] or making mental mistakes[clarify]. Also, many superstars average more turnovers than anybody on their team as they will often be handling the ball. A point guard may often have the most turnovers because they are usually the player that possesses the ball most for their respective team.
According to Boston Globe sportswriter Bob Ryan, the concept of the turnover was first formulated by his colleague Jack Barry[1]. Turnovers were first officially recorded in the NBA during the 1977–78 season and ABA during the 1967–68 season.
Records[edit]
The record for the most turnovers in an NBA game is held by Jason Kidd, who committed 14 turnovers against the New York Knicks on November 17, 2000 while playing for the Phoenix Suns. The record for most turnovers in an NBA playoff game was 13, set by James Harden on May 27, 2015 while playing for the Houston Rockets against the Golden State Warriors.[2] The WNBA has recorded turnovers since its inaugural season in 1997. The record for the most turnovers by a WNBA team in one game is 33. The record for the most turnovers by a WNBA player per season is held by Ticha Penicheiro, who committed 135 turnovers in 1999.[3] The career record for the most turnovers by a WNBA player is held by Becky Hammon, who committed 1224 turnovers.[4]
See also[edit]
List of National Basketball Association career turnovers leaders
List of WNBA career scoring leaders
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ryan, Bob. "Bob Ryan says goodbye after 44 years". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "TOV playoff". Yahoo Sports. Retrieved 2015-05-28.
Jump up ^ "Leaders". Basketball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 2015-01-09.
Jump up ^ "TOV career". Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved 2015-01-09.
[show]
v
t
e
Basketball statistics
Basic
Games played
Games started
Minute
Point
Rebound (Offensive
Defensive)
Assist
Steal
Block
Foul
Turnover
Field goal & free throw
Field goal made
3-point field goal made
Free throw made
Field goal attempted
3-point field goal attempted
Free throw attempted
Field goal percentage
3-point field goal percentage
Free throw percentage
Doubles
Double-double
Triple-double
Quadruple-double
Quintuple-double
Five-by-five
Advanced statistics
Offense efficiency rating
Player efficiency rating
Offensive rating
Defensive rating
Effective field goal percentage
True shooting percentage
Rebound rate
Economy
Performance Index Rating
Efficiency
Player tracking
Tendex
[show]
v
t
e
Basketball (outline)
General topics
History of basketball
James Naismith
Variations of basketball
Leagues
Statistics
Glossary of terms
Index of articles
Rules
Bonus
Jump ball
Officials
Turnover
Violation
3 seconds
Offense
Defense
5 seconds
Basket interference
Carrying
Double dribble
Goaltending
Shot clock
Traveling
Foul
Flagrant
Personal
Technical
Game play
Air ball
Alley-oop
Assist
Backboard shattering
Ball hog
Block
Buzzer beater
Cherry picking
Dribble
Crossover
Dunk
Euro step
Fadeaway
Fast break
Fly
Flop
Jump shot
Layup
Finger roll
Field goal
Four-point play
Free throw
Hook shot
Moves
Pick and roll
Positions
Posterized
Playbook
Rebound
Point
Screen
Back screen
Slashing
Steal
Three-pointer
Three-point play
Uncontested shot
Strategy
General
Sixth man
Offense
Continuity offense
Flex
Shuffle
UCLA High Post
Wheel
Dribble drive motion
Four corners
Motion
Princeton
Run and gun
Grinnell System
Nellie Ball
Small ball
Triangle
Defense
1-2-1-1
1–3–1
2–3 zone
Amoeba
Box-and-one
Double team
Full-court press
Hack-a-Shaq
Jordan Rules
Line
Man-to-man
Match-up zone
Triangle-and-two
Zone
Equipment
Backboard
Ball
Breakaway rim
Court
Half court
Key
Net
Possession arrow
Whistle
Clothing
Basketball sleeve
Finger sleeve
Air Jordan
Chuck Taylor All-Stars
Miscellaneous
100-point scorers
50–40–90 club
AAU All-Americans
AAU champions
Mikan Drill
Player tracking
Shootaround
Tip drill
Winning streaks
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turnover_(basketball)&oldid=831738229"
Categories:
Basketball terminology
Basketball statistics
Hidden categories:
All Wikipedia articles needing clarification
Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2015
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Deutsch
Français
Polski
Русский
Edit links
This page was last edited on 22 March 2018, at 00:20.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

tag: p

tag: span

value: padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:#595959; border:1px solid #DDD;

value: This passage needs to be better explained. (June 2015)

tag: i

value:
/wiki/1977-78_NBA_season
mw-redirect
1977-78 NBA season

value:
/wiki/1967-68_ABA_season
mw-redirect
1967-68 ABA season

value:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

value: Player tracking (National Basketball Association)

value: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value:
navbox-image
7
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

value:
/wiki/Fly_fast_break
mw-redirect
Fly fast break

value:
/wiki/Possession_arrow
mw-redirect
Possession arrow

value: List of basketball players who have scored 100 points in a single game

value: Category:All Wikipedia articles needing clarification

value: Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2015

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Turnover_(basketball)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

value: Потеря (баскетбол) – Russian

value:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Turnover_basketball rootpage-Turnover_basketball skin-vector action-view


text:
Keeley Hawes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Keeley Hawes
Hawes in 2008
Born
Keeley Clare Julia Hawes
(1976-02-10) 10 February 1976 (age 41)
Marylebone, London, England
Occupation
Actress
Years active
1989–present
Spouse(s)
Spencer McCallum (m. 2001; div. 2004)
Matthew Macfadyen (m. 2004)
Children
3
Keeley Clare Julia Hawes (born 10 February 1976) is an English actress. She starred in the film version of The Last September (1999) and has voiced roles in video games, such as Lara Croft in several of the Tomb Raider games. She is also known for her roles as Kitty Butler in Tipping the Velvet, Zoe Reynolds in Spooks (2002–2004), Alex Drake in Ashes to Ashes (2008–2010), Lady Agnes in the 2010 reboot of Upstairs, Downstairs, Detective Inspector Lindsay Denton in the second and third series of Line of Duty (2014–2016), as a mother in search of her abducted child in the BBC series The Missing, and as Louisa Durrell in the ITV series The Durrells.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 1990s-2001: Early roles
2.2 2002-2014: Television breakthrough
2.3 Critical recognition
3 Personal life
4 Philanthropy
5 Filmography
5.1 Film
5.2 Television
5.3 Stage
5.4 Video games
6 Awards
7 References
8 External links
Early life[edit]
Keeley Hawes (2014)
Hawes was born in Marylebone, London, the daughter of a cab driver. She was trained at the Sylvia Young Theatre School, which included speech and drama training.[1] She left home at the age of 17, and while doing work experience at Cosmopolitan she was approached on the street by a modelling scout and signed up by Select Model Management.[2][3]
Career[edit]
1990s-2001: Early roles[edit]
Early in her career, Hawes featured in at least four music videos, for the singles "Saturday Night" by Suede, "Marvellous" by The Lightning Seeds, "Come Around" by The Mutton Birds, and "She's a Star" by James. She first came into the public eye in the 1990s, having supporting roles in Troublemakers, Dennis Potter's Karaoke (1995),[4] Heartbeat (1995), The Beggar Bride (1997), and as the young Diana Dors in the biopic The Blonde Bombshell (1999).
Hawes appeared in several BBC adaptations of classic and modern literature, including Our Mutual Friend (1998), Wives and Daughters (1999), Tipping the Velvet (2002).
2002-2014: Television breakthrough[edit]
From 2002 to 2004, she appeared as Zoe Reynolds in the spy drama series Spooks. Among the co-stars was her future husband Matthew Macfadyen. In 2003, she appeared in the BBC's re-telling of The Canterbury Tales. From 2006 to 2007, she appeared as Rosie in the British comedy The Vicar of Dibley. She was also cast as Jane in the 2007 comedy Death at a Funeral. In February 2006, it was revealed that Hawes had replaced Jonell Elliott as the voice of Lara Croft. She voiced the role in Tomb Raider: Legend, reprising her role in the 2007 remake of the original Tomb Raider game, Tomb Raider: Anniversary, and again in 2008's Tomb Raider: Underworld. She has also recorded her lines for the arcade-style Tomb Raider game Lara Croft and the Guardian of Light, released in 2010. She returned to voice Lara again in Lara Croft and the Guardian of Light sequel Lara Croft and the Temple of Osiris, released in 2014.
In 2007, Hawes was cast as Alex Drake in Ashes to Ashes, the spin-off from the hit BBC series Life on Mars. It told the story of a female police officer in service with London's Metropolitan Police, who, after being shot in 2008, inexplicably regains consciousness in 1981, having assimilated Sam Tyler's fantasies after being imprisoned in a coma. The series, broadcast in 2008, follows her fighting to wake up from the world of 1981 so she can get back to the present day and save her daughter. She was awarded the Best UK Television Actress Award in 2008 by the Glamour Awards for her role.[5] In September 2009, Hawes filmed the final series. The finale aired in May and gained over seven million viewers.
In April 2008, Hawes began filming the BBC drama Mutual Friends, which aired later that year. She appeared in the BAFTA award winning That Mitchell and Webb Look, and in 2010, was a guest on the comedy panel show Would I Lie to You?.[6] In 2009, she portrayed Det Supt Martha Lawson in a six-episode ITV series, Identity. In December 2010, she starred as Lady Agnes Holland in the three-episode relaunch of Upstairs, Downstairs.
On 25 April 2011, Hawes narrated the documentary Kate and William: A Royal Love Story on BBC One, prior to the wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton.[citation needed] On 20 June 2011, she narrated the ITV1 documentary Four of a Kind as part of ITV's Extraordinary Families season.[citation needed] She appeared as Catherine Mundi in the fantasy adventure film Mariah Mundi and the Midas Box.[7]
In July 2017, Hawes appeared in a television advert promoting the 'All new Ford Fiesta'.[8]
Critical recognition[edit]
In 2014, she starred as Detective Inspector Lindsay Denton in the second series of the BBC Two drama Line of Duty, giving what The Daily Telegraph described as "the performance of 2014".[9][10] In the autumn of 2014, she guest-starred as Ms. Delphox in the eighth series of Doctor Who.[11]
Personal life[edit]
Hawes married the DJ[12] and cartoonist Spencer McCallum in December 2001, when their son, Myles, was almost two years old.[13] They divorced in 2004. In November 2004, Hawes married Matthew Macfadyen, her Spooks co-star.[14] Their first child, a daughter, Maggie, was born in December of that year.[15] Their second child, a son, Ralph, was born in September 2006.[16]
In 2002, after working on the television adaptation of Tipping the Velvet, Hawes was quoted in interviews with Diva magazine and Radio Times as saying that she is bisexual.[17][18] Later, in a Daily Mail article, she explained that "what I actually said was that everybody is probably perfectly capable of finding somebody of the same sex attractive, but I certainly haven't had any lesbian relationships",[19] and in Radio Times, she said "maybe what I meant is that everyone is a little bit bisexual … I've been married twice, both times to men".[20]
Philanthropy[edit]
Hawes began working with UNICEF in 2012; in 2017 she became a UNICEF[21] ambassador. Her main focus has been visiting children and families living in the Za’atari refugee camp and host communities in Amman. Many of these children and families had fled their homes in Syria due to the ongoing conflict.[22][23]
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1996 The Moonstone Rachel Television film
1998 The Avengers Tamara
1999 The Last September Lois Farquar
2000 Complicity Yvonne
2001 Othello Dessie Brabant Television film
2003 Chaos and Cadavers Samantha Taggert
2005 A Cock and Bull Story Elizabeth
2007 Death at a Funeral Jane
2008 The Bank Job Wendy Leather
Flashbacks of a Fool Adult Jessie
2013 Mariah Mundi and the Midas Box Catherine Mundi
2015 High-Rise Ann Royal
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1989 Forever Green Carol Season 1, episode 3
1990 Troublemakers Mandy 6 episodes
1992 Ruth Rendell Mysteries Sarah Mabledene Episode: "Talking to Strange Men"
1996 Pie in the Sky Stella Jackson 2 episodes
Karaoke Linda Langer Episode: "Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday"
Heartbeat Michelle Episode: "Snapped"
1997 The Beggar Bride Angela Harper
1998 Our Mutual Friend Lizzie Hexam 4 episodes
The Cater Street Hangman Charlotte Ellison
1999 The Blonde Bombshell Younger Diana Dors
Wives and Daughters Cynthia Kirkpatrick 4 episodes
2001 Hotel! Tricia
Murder in Mind Deborah Episode: "Sleeper"
2002 A Is for Acid Gillian Rogers
Me and Mrs Jones Jane
Tipping the Velvet Kitty Butler
Spooks Zoe Reynolds
2003 Lucky Jim Christine Callaghan
The Canterbury Tales Emily
2004 Sex & Lies Kate
The Murdoch Mysteries Dr. Julia Ogden 2 episodes
2005 ShakespeaRe-Told Ella Macbeth Episode: "Macbeth"
Agatha Christie's Marple Philippa Haymes Episode: "A Murder Is Announced"
Under the Greenwood Tree Fancy Day
The Best Man Kate Sheldrake
2006 After Thomas Nicola Graham
The Vicar of Dibley Rosie Kennedy 2 episodes (2006–2007)
2008–2010 Ashes to Ashes DI Alex Drake Series Regular
2009 Mutual Friends Jen
2010 Identity DSI Martha Lawson
2010-2012 Upstairs, Downstairs Lady Agnes Holland Regular Cast
2013 The Lady Vanishes Mrs Todhunter Television film
The Tunnel Suze Harcourt
Ambassadors Jennifer
2014–2016 Line of Duty DI Lindsay Denton Main cast
2014 Doctor Who Ms Delphox/Madame Karabraxos Episode: "Time Heist"
2015 The Casual Vacancy Samantha Mollison Regular Cast
2016 Fungus The Bogeyman Wendy Snow Sky 1 mini series
The Hollow Crown Queen Elizabeth 2 episodes
The Missing Gemma Webster Main cast
2016-present The Durrells Louisa Durrell Main cast
2017 Bodyguard Home Secretary Julia Montague Main cast
Stage[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2011 Rocket to the Moon Belle National Theatre
2013 Barking in Essex Chrissie Wyndham Theatre
Video games[edit]
Year
Title
Role
2006 Tomb Raider: Legend Lara Croft
2007 Tomb Raider: Anniversary Lara Croft
2008 Tomb Raider: Underworld Lara Croft
2009 Tomb Raider: Underworld – Beneath the Ashes Lara Croft
Tomb Raider: Underworld – Lara's Shadow Lara Croft
2010 Lara Croft and the Guardian of Light Lara Croft
2014 Lara Croft and the Temple of Osiris Lara Croft
Awards[edit]
Hawes won the "Glamour Best UK Television Actress Award" in 2008 for her role in Ashes to Ashes. She was also nominated for a TV Choice Award for the same role, and for the Best Actress award at the 2009 Crime Thriller Awards.[24] She received a Leading Actress nomination for her role on Line of Duty for the 2015 British Academy Television Awards but ultimately lost out to Georgina Campbell.[25]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Mullen, Lost Voices". Phon.ucl.ac.uk. 18 June 1999. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
Jump up ^ "FROM MCDONALD'S TO LARA CROFT: KEELEY HAWES SPEAKS". Go Think Big. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Keeley Hawes: TV's toughest detective". The Evening Standard. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Angela Wintle (October 2010). "Ashes to Ashes star Keeley Hawes on co-stars, Surrey life and hitting the big time". Surrey Life. Retrieved 3 June 2012.
Jump up ^ All the winners from the Glamour Women of the Year Awards 2008 (Glamour.com UK)
Jump up ^ "Would I Lie to You Episode 3 Series 4". March 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Adam Dawtrey (11 April 2012). Aneurin Barnard tapped for 'Mariah Mundi'. Variety Article. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
Jump up ^ http://www.projectbobcat.com/media/retro-fiesta-tv-adverts
Jump up ^ https://store.bbc.com/line-of-duty[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Line of Duty series 2 on BBC Two". Northern Ireland Screen. 11 February 2014. Archived from the original on 15 December 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Series 8: Keeley Hawes cast as Ms Delphox". Doctor Who TV. 14 March 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "International DJ Producer". DJ Spencer Mac. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Lockyer, By Daphne. "Keeley Hawes and the men in her life". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Liz Hoggard (11 March 2006). "Keeley Hawes: Life after Spooks". London: The Independent. Retrieved 3 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Liz Hoggard (1 April 2010). "Ashes to Ashes star Keeley Hawes on surviving a showbiz marriage". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 3 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Matthew Macfadyen and Keeley Hawes welcome second child". People.com. 11 January 2007. Retrieved 3 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Czyzselska, Jana (1 October 2002). "Dyke Drama". Diva. Archived from the original on 3 October 2008. Retrieved 13 December 2007.
Jump up ^ Radio Times, Tipping the Velvet, 5–11 October 2002
Jump up ^ Paton, Maureen (5 April 2009). "Keeley Hawes: 'There's a birth and a snog and lots of deaths'". Daily Mail. London: Associated Newspapers Ltd. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
Jump up ^ browne (3 March 2008). "Keeley Hawes: still delectable, but bisexual". AfterEllen.com. Archived from the original on 7 October 2009. Retrieved 29 April 2010.
Jump up ^ "KEELEY HAWES UNICEF UK AMBASSADOR". UNICEF. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Worlds apart ... but working together". The Herald. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Soccer Aid 2016 raises record amount for Unicef UK". ITV. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Allen, Kate (7 September 2009). "Coben, Cole, Atkinson vie for crime awards". The Bookseller. Archived from the original on 10 September 2009. Retrieved 7 September 2009.
Jump up ^ Alex Ritman (8 April 2015). "BAFTA TV Awards: Benedict Cumberbatch Gets Third Nomination for 'Sherlock'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Keeley Hawes.
Keeley Hawes on Twitter
Keeley Hawes on IMDb
Keeley Hawes page on the official BBC Spooks site, including an interview.
Ashes to Ashes Interview
[hide]
v
t
e
Life on Mars and Ashes to Ashes
Life on Mars
Episode list
List of characters
US series
Spanish series
Russian series
Czech series
South Korean series
Ashes to Ashes
Episode list
"Series 1, Episode 1"
"Series 1, Episode 2"
List of characters
Characters
Sam Tyler
Gene Hunt
Alex Drake
Annie Cartwright
Ray Carling
Chris Skelton
Shaz Granger
Jim Keats
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 34399825
LCCN: nr2003013781
ISNI: 0000 0001 1617 5057
GND: 140726837
SUDOC: 118131869
BNF: cb15087555v (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keeley_Hawes&oldid=816250466"
Categories:
1976 births
Living people
English film actresses
English television actresses
English video game actresses
English voice actresses
People from Marylebone
Alumni of the Sylvia Young Theatre School
English female models
20th-century English actresses
21st-century English actresses
Actresses from London
English child actresses
Hidden categories:
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from December 2017
Articles with permanently dead external links
Use dmy dates from November 2017
Articles with hCards
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from June 2011
Twitter username same as Wikidata
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
تۆرکجه
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
한국어
Italiano
עברית
Nederlands
日本語
Português
Русский
Suomi
Svenska
Edit links
This page was last edited on 20 December 2017, at 05:44.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

tag: div

attr: id class

value: mw-page-base noprint

key: html

type: local

value: mw-head-base noprint

tag: a

attr: id class lang

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

tag: th

attr: colspan style

tag: tr

tag: img

attr: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attr: href class

tag: td

tag: br

attr: href title

attr: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value:
/wiki/Karaoke_(play)
mw-redirect
Karaoke (play)

value: Edit section: 2002-2014: Television breakthrough

value:
/wiki/Metropolitan_Police
mw-redirect
Metropolitan Police

value: Wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton

value: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2011)

value:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

value:
/wiki/Mariah_Mundi_and_the_Midas_Box
mw-redirect
Mariah Mundi and the Midas Box

value:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

value:
/wiki/Othello_(2001_TV_film)
mw-redirect
Othello (2001 TV film)

value:
/wiki/Karaoke_(TV_serial)
mw-redirect
Karaoke (TV serial)

value:
/wiki/The_Murdoch_Mysteries
mw-redirect
The Murdoch Mysteries

value:
/wiki/DI_Alex_Drake
mw-redirect
DI Alex Drake

value: British Academy Television Award for Best Actor

value:
nofollow
external free
https://store.bbc.com/line-of-duty

value:
nofollow
http://www.spencermac.com/
external text

value:
/wiki/Associated_Newspapers_Ltd
mw-redirect
Associated Newspapers Ltd

value: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

value:
nofollow
external text
https://twitter.com/MisskeeleyHawes

value:
nofollow
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0369954/
external text

value: Template:Life on Mars and Ashes to Ashes

value: Template talk:Life on Mars and Ashes to Ashes

value: List of Life on Mars (UK TV series) episodes

value: Life on Mars (South Korean TV series) (page does not exist)

value: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/34399825

value:
nofollow
external text
http://isni.org/isni/0000000116175057

value:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/140726837

value:
nofollow
external text
https://www.idref.fr/118131869

value: Category:Alumni of the Sylvia Young Theatre School

value: Category:All articles with dead external links

value: Category:Articles with dead external links from December 2017

value: Category:Articles with permanently dead external links

value: Category:Use dmy dates from November 2017

value: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

value: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2011

value: Category:Twitter username same as Wikidata

value: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

value: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

value: Category:Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers

value: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

value: Category:Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Keeley_Hawes
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

value:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

value: كيلي هاويس – Arabic

value: کیلی هاوس – Persian

value: 킬리 호이스 – Korean

value: קילי הוז – Hebrew

value: キーリー・ホーズ – Japanese

value: Хоус, Кили – Russian

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Keeley_Hawes rootpage-Keeley_Hawes skin-vector action-view


text:
Any Dream Will Do (song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Any Dream Will Do" is a popular song written by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice for the 1968 musical Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat. It is generally the beginning and the concluding song of the musical, sung by the title character of Joseph.
It has been sung by numerous performers. Joe Cuddy's version was a number one hit in Ireland in 1974. The song was voted Broadway Song of the Year in 1981 and won an Ivor Novello Award in 1991.[1]
The song was performed by Jason Donovan, Donny Osmond and Lee Mead at the Concert for Diana on 1 July 2007.
It was notably parodied by Irish radio personality Mario Rosenstock in 2005 as "José and his Amazing Technicolor Overcoat", a send-up of then-Chelsea F.C. manager José Mourinho. It was also parodied by a musical duo Amateur Transplants on their first album Fitness to Practice as "Mr Burton".
Contents
[hide]
1 1991 single (Jason Donovan version)
2 Any Dream Will Do and the 2007 single
3 References
4 External links
1991 single (Jason Donovan version)[edit]
"Any Dream Will Do"
Single by Jason Donovan
Released
10 June 1991
Songwriter(s)
Andrew Lloyd Webber (music), Tim Rice (lyrics)
Producer(s)
Nigel Wright
Jason Donovan singles chronology
"R.S.V.P"
(1991) "Any Dream Will Do"
(1991) "Happy Together"
(1991)
"R.S.V.P"
(1991) "Any Dream Will Do"
(1991) "Happy Together"
(1991)
In 1991, the song was released as a single by Jason Donovan, who was then playing Joseph in the West End production of the musical at the London Palladium. The single topped the UK Singles Chart for two weeks in June and July 1991.[2] "Any Dream Will Do" peaked at number 92 on the Australian ARIA singles chart in August 1991.[3]
The song was also performed by The X Factor duo Same Difference, with Jason Donovan, on 15 December 2007.
Any Dream Will Do and the 2007 single[edit]
"Any Dream Will Do"
Single by Lee Mead
B-side
"Close Every Door", with Keith Jack and Lewis Bradley
Released
12 June 2007
Format
Digital download, CD
Label
Polydor / Really Useful Group
Songwriter(s)
Andrew Lloyd Webber (music), Tim Rice (lyrics)
In 2007, the BBC One television series Any Dream Will Do, named after the song, searched for a new, unknown lead to play Joseph in a West End revival of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat. The song was performed by the twelve contestants on the programme as the opening number to the first show, and it was performed again by Lee Mead, voted by the public as the winner of the series, as the finale to the series.
After the series, a single was released featuring "Any Dream Will Do", sung by Mead as the winner, and "Close Every Door", another song from Joseph which had been used each week as a contestant left the programme. It was performed by Mead along with second-placed Keith Jack and third-placed Lewis Bradley.
The single was released for digital download on 12 June 2007 and entered the UK Singles Chart on 17 June at number 18.[4] After being released on CD on 18 June, it charted at number two on 24 June. It was held from the No. 1 spot by Rihanna and Jay-Z with their hit single "Umbrella". Downloads and CD single sales raise funds for the BBC's annual Children in Need charity appeal.[5]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ BBC Press Office (22 March 2007). "Any Dream Will Do: Did you know..." Retrieved 22 May 2007.
Jump up ^ The Official UK Charts Company. "All the No. 1's – Any Dream Will Do". Retrieved 24 June 2007.
Jump up ^ Ryan, Gavin (2011). Australia's Music Charts 1988-2010. Mt. Martha, VIC, Australia: Moonlight Publishing.
Jump up ^ The Official UK Charts Company. "Top 40 Singles Archive". Archived from the original on 15 June 2007. Retrieved 24 June 2007.
Jump up ^ BBC (5 June 2007). "Pudsey Recruits Josephs". Retrieved 9 June 2007.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Preceded by
"I Wanna Sex You Up" by Color Me Badd UK number one single (Jason Donovan version)
23 June 1991 – 6 July 1991 Succeeded by
"(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" by Bryan Adams
[show]
v
t
e
Andrew Lloyd Webber
Musicals
The Likes of Us
Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat
Jesus Christ Superstar
Evita
Tell Me on a Sunday
Cats
Song and Dance
Starlight Express
Cricket
The Phantom of the Opera
Aspects of Love
Sunset Boulevard
By Jeeves aka Jeeves
Whistle Down the Wind
The Beautiful Game (aka The Boys in the Photograph)
The Woman in White
Love Never Dies
The Wizard of Oz
Stephen Ward
School of Rock
Songs
"Any Dream Will Do"
"Close Every Door"
"Everything's Alright"
"This Jesus Must Die"
"I Don't Know How to Love Him"
"Superstar"
"Oh What a Circus"
"Another Suitcase in Another Hall"
"Don't Cry for Me Argentina"
"You Must Love Me"
"Take That Look Off Your Face"
"Unexpected Song"
"Memory"
"Pie Jesu"
"The Phantom of the Opera"
"The Music of the Night"
"All I Ask of You"
"Anything But Lonely"
"As If We Never Said Goodbye"
"No Matter What"
"'Til I Hear You Sing"
Other compositions
Variations
Requiem
Watership Down
Film adaptations
Cats
Jesus Christ Superstar
Evita
Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat
The Phantom of the Opera
The Phantom of the Opera at the Royal Albert Hall
Family
William Lloyd Webber (father)
Julian Lloyd Webber (brother)
Imogen Lloyd Webber (daughter)
Sarah Brightman (second wife)
Madeleine Gurdon (third wife)
Jiaxin Cheng (sister-in-law)
Company
Really Useful Group
[show]
v
t
e
Jason Donovan
Studio albums
Ten Good Reasons
Between the Lines
All Around the World
Let It Be Me
Soundtrack of the 80s
Compilation albums
Greatest Hits (1991)
Greatest Hits (2006)
Singles
"Especially for You"
"Too Many Broken Hearts"
"Sealed with a Kiss"
"Every Day (I Love You More)"
"When You Come Back to Me"
"Rhythm of the Rain"
"Any Dream Will Do"
"Happy Together"
"As Time Goes By"
Related topics
Stock Aitken Waterman
Scott Robinson
[show]
v
t
e
Musicals by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice
Musicals
The Likes of Us
Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat
Jesus Christ Superstar
Evita
Cricket
The Wizard of Oz (additional music and lyrics)
Films
Jesus Christ Superstar
Evita
Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat
Albums
Jesus Christ Superstar
Evita (1976 concept album)
Evita (1996 film soundtrack)
Songs
"Any Dream Will Do"
"Close Every Door"
"Everything's Alright"
"This Jesus Must Die"
"I Don't Know How to Love Him"
"Superstar"
"Oh What a Circus"
"Another Suitcase in Another Hall"
"Don't Cry for Me Argentina"
"You Must Love Me"
Related television
Any Dream Will Do
Superstar
When Joseph Met Maria
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Any_Dream_Will_Do_(song)&oldid=833197912"
Categories:
1968 songs
1974 singles
1991 singles
2007 singles
UK Singles Chart number-one singles
Irish Singles Chart number-one singles
Songs from Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat
Songs with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber
Songs with lyrics by Tim Rice
Charity singles
Donny Osmond songs
Jason Donovan songs
Sarah Brightman songs
Hidden categories:
EngvarB from September 2013
Use dmy dates from September 2013
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Svenska
Edit links
This page was last edited on 30 March 2018, at 05:40.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

tag: b

attr: href class title

tag: sup

value: Edit section: 1991 single (Jason Donovan version)

value: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0;

value: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding:.2em .1em;

value: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em;

value: background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;

value: width:33%; padding:.2em .1em .2em 0; text-align: center;

value: width:33%; padding:.2em .1em; text-align: center;

value: width:33%; padding:.2em 0 .2em .1em; text-align: center;

value: Edit section: Any Dream Will Do and the 2007 single

value: Any Dream Will Do single cover - 2007.jpg

value:
/wiki/The_Official_UK_Charts_Company
mw-redirect
The Official UK Charts Company

value:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

value:
/wiki/List_of_number-one_singles_(UK)
mw-redirect
List of number-one singles (UK)

value: Everything's Alright (Jesus Christ Superstar song)

value: The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber song)

value: Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (film)

value: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value:
Jason_Donovan
fn
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

value:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;

value: All Around the World (Jason Donovan album)

value: Greatest Hits (1991 Jason Donovan album)

value: Greatest Hits (2006 Jason Donovan album)

value: When You Come Back to Me (Jason Donovan song)

value: nowraplinks vcard collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: Category:UK Singles Chart number-one singles

value: Category:Irish Singles Chart number-one singles

value: Category:Songs from Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat

value: Category:Songs with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber

value: Category:Use dmy dates from September 2013

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value:
/wiki/Any_Dream_Will_Do_(song)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

value:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Any_Dream_Will_Do_song rootpage-Any_Dream_Will_Do_song skin-vector action-view


text:
British Indian Army
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the army of British India (1895–1947). For the current army of the Republic of India, see Indian Army. For the current army of Pakistan, see Pakistan Army. For the current army of Bangladesh, see Bangladesh Army.
Indian Army
Star of India Red Ensign
Active
1895–1947
Country
India
Allegiance
British Empire
Branch
Army
Size
First World War: ~1,750,000
Second World War: ~2,500,000
Headquarters
GHQ India
Equipment
Lee–Enfield
Engagements
Second Anglo-Afghan War
Third Anglo-Afghan War
Third Anglo-Burmese War
Second Opium War
Anglo-Egyptian War
British Expedition to Abyssinia
First Mohmand Campaign
Boxer Rebellion
Tirah Campaign
British expedition to Tibet
Mahdist War
First World War
Waziristan campaign (1919–1920)
Waziristan campaign (1936–1939)
Second World War
North-West Frontier (1858–1947)
Commanders
Notable
commanders
Lord Roberts
Lord Kitchener
Sir William Birdwood
Sir William Slim
Sir Claude Auchinleck
Sir Edward Quinan
A group of Indian soldiers posing for volley firing orders. ~1895.
The Indian Army (IA), often known since 1947 (but rarely during its existence[citation needed]) as the British Indian Army to distinguish it from the current Indian Army, was the principal military of the British Indian Empire before its decommissioning in 1947. It was responsible for the defence of both British Indian Empire and the princely states,[1] which could also have their own armies.[2] The Indian Army was an important part of the British Empire's forces, both in India and abroad, particularly during the First World War and the Second World War.
The term "Indian Army" appears to have been first used informally, as a collective description of the Presidency armies (the Bengal Army, the Madras Army and the Bombay Army) of the Presidencies of British India, particularly after the Indian Rebellion. The first army officially called the "Indian Army" was raised by the government of India in 1895, existing alongside the three long-established presidency armies. However, in 1903 the Indian Army absorbed these three armies. The Indian Army should not be confused with the "Army of India" (1903–1947) which was the Indian Army itself plus the "British Army in India" (British units sent to India).
Contents
[hide]
1 Organisation
1.1 Command
1.2 Personnel
2 History
2.1 Kitchener reforms
2.2 Renumbering and renaming the regiments
2.3 First World War
2.4 Interbellum (1918–1939)
2.5 Second World War
2.6 Post Second World War
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
6 Further reading
6.1 Primary sources
7 External links
Organisation[edit]
A painting showing a sowar of the 6th Madras Light Cavalry, circa 1845.
The Queen's Own Madras Sappers and Miners, 1896.
The Indian Army has its origins in the years after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, often called the Indian Mutiny in British histories, when in 1858 the Crown took over direct rule of British India from the East India Company. Before 1858, the precursor units of the Indian Army were units controlled by the Company and were paid for by their profits. These operated alongside units of the British Army, funded by the British government in London.[3]
The armies of the East India Company were recruited primarily from Muslims in the Bengal Presidency, which consisted of Bengal, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, and high caste Hindus recruited primarily from the rural plains of Oudh. Many of these troops took part in the Indian Mutiny, with the aim of reinstating the Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah II at Delhi, partly as a result of insensitive treatment by their British officers.
The meaning of the term "Indian Army" has changed over time:
1858–1894 The Indian Army was an informal collective term for the armies of the three presidencies; the Bengal Army, Madras Army and Bombay Army.
1895–1902 The Indian Army had a formal existence and was the "army of the government of India", including British and Indian (sepoy) units.
1903–1947 Lord Kitchener was Commander-in-Chief, India, between 1902 and 1909. He instituted large-scale reforms, the greatest of which was the merger of the three armies of the Presidencies into a unified force. He formed higher level formations, eight army divisions, and brigaded Indian and British units. Following Kitchener's reforms:
The Indian Army was "the force recruited locally and permanently based in India, together with its expatriate British officers."[4]
The British Army in India consisted of British Army units posted to India for a tour of duty, and which would then be posted to other parts of the Empire or back to the UK.
The Army of India consisted of both the Indian Army and the British Army in India.
Command[edit]
The officer commanding the Army of India was the Commander-in-Chief, India who reported to the civilian Governor-General of India. The title was used before the creation of a unified British Indian Army; the first holder was Major General Stringer Lawrence in 1748. By the early 1900s the Commander-in-Chief and his staff were based at GHQ India. Indian Army postings were less prestigious than British Army positions, but the pay was significantly greater so that officers could live on their salaries instead of having to have a private income. Accordingly, vacancies in the Indian Army were much sought after and generally reserved for the higher placed officer-cadets graduating from the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. British officers in the Indian Army were expected to learn to speak the Indian languages of their men, who tended to be recruited from primarily Hindi speaking areas. Prominent British Indian Army officers included Lord Roberts, Sir William Birdwood, Sir Claude Auchinleck and Sir William Slim.
Personnel[edit]
No. 4 (Hazara) Mountain Battery with RML7 pounder "Steel Gun" Mountain Gun in Review Order. Left to right Naick, Havildar, Subadar (Sikhs) and Gunner (Punjabi Musalman) circa 1895.
Commissioned officers, British and Indian, held identical ranks to commissioned officers of the British Army. King's Commissioned Indian Officers (KCIOs), created from the 1920s, held equal powers to British officers. Viceroy's Commissioned Officers were Indians holding officer ranks. They were treated in almost all respects as commissioned officers, but had authority over Indian troops only, and were subordinate to all British King's (and Queen's) Commissioned Officers and KCIOs. They included Subedar Major or Risaldar-Major (Cavalry), equivalents to a British Major; Subedar or Risaldar (Cavalry) equivalents to Captain; and Jemadars equivalent to Lieutenant.
Recruitment was entirely voluntary; about 1.75 million men served in the First World War, many on the Western Front and 2.5 million in the Second. Non-Commissioned Officers included Company Havildar Majors equivalents to a Company Sergeant Major; Company Quartermaster Havildars, equivalents to a Company Quartermaster Sergeant; Havildars or Daffadars (Cavalry) equivalents to a Sergeant; Naik or Lance-Daffadar (Cavalry) equivalents to a British Corporal; and Lance-Naik or Acting Lance-Daffadar (Cavalry) equivalents to a Lance-Corporal.
Soldier ranks included Sepoys or Sowars (Cavalry), equivalent to a British private. British Army ranks such as gunner and sapper were used by other corps.
History[edit]
The 5th Royal Gurkha Rifles in Waziristan during the Third Anglo-Afghan War.
In the aftermath of the Indian Mutiny of 1857, also called the Sepoy Mutiny by the British, the three armies of the former Presidencies of the East India Company passed to the British Crown.[5] After 'the Mutiny', recruitment switched to what the British called the "martial races," particularly Sikhs, Awans, Gakhars, and other Punjabi Musulmans, Baloch, Pashtuns, Marathas, Bunts, Nairs, Rajputs, Yadavs, Kumaonis, Gurkhas, Garhwalis, Mohyals, Dogras, Jats and Sainis.[citation needed]
The three Presidency armies remained separate forces, each with its own Commander-in-Chief. Overall operational control was exercised by the Commander-in-Chief of the Bengal Army, who was formally the Commander-in-Chief of the East Indies.[6] From 1861, most of the officer manpower was pooled in the three Presidential Staff Corps.[7] After the Second Afghan War a Commission of Enquiry recommended the abolition of the presidency armies.[8] The Ordnance, Supply and Transport, and Pay branches were by then unified.[8]
The Punjab Frontier Force was under the direct control of the Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab during peacetime until 1886, when it came under the C-in-C, India.[8] The Hyderabad Contingent and other local corps remained under direct governmental control.[5] Standing higher formations – divisions and brigades – were abandoned in 1889.[9] No divisional staffs were maintained in peacetime, and troops were dispersed throughout the sub-continent, with internal security as their main function. In 1891 the three staff corps were merged into one Indian Staff Corps.[5]
Two years later the Madras and Bombay Armies lost their posts of Commander-in-Chief.[5] In 1895, the Presidency Armies were abolished and the Indian Army created thereby was re-grouped into four commands: Bengal, Madras (including Burma), Bombay (including Sind, Quetta, and Aden), and the Punjab (including the North-West Frontier and the Punjab Frontier Force). Each was under the command of a lieutenant general, who answered directly to the C-in-C, India.[10]
The Presidency armies were abolished with effect from 1 April 1895 by a notification of the Government of India through Army Department Order Number 981 dated 26 October 1894, unifying the three Presidency armies into a single Indian Army.[11] The armies were amalgamated into four commands, Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western. The Indian Army, like the Presidency armies, continued to provide armed support to the civil authorities, both in combating banditry and in case of riots and rebellion. One of the first external operations the new unified army faced was the Boxer Rebellion in China from 1899 to 1901.
Kitchener reforms[edit]
The Kitchener reforms began in 1903 when Lord Kitchener of Khartoum, newly appointed Commander-in-Chief, India, completed the unification of the three former Presidency armies, and also the Punjab Frontier Force, the Hyderabad Contingent and other local forces, into one Indian Army; see Army of India (including also units of the British Army stationed in India).
The principles underlying the reforms were that:
defence of the North-West Frontier against foreign aggression was the army's primary role
all units were to have training and experience in that role on that frontier
the army's organisation should be the same in peace as in war
maintaining internal security was for the army a secondary role, in support of the police.[12]
Lord Kitchener found the army scattered across the country in stations at brigade or regimental strength, and in effect, providing garrisons for most of the major cities.[9] The reformed Indian Army was to be stationed in operational formations and concentrated in the north of the sub-continent. The Commander-in-Chief's plan called for nine fighting divisions grouped in two corps commands on the main axes through the North-West Frontier. Five divisions were to be grouped on the Lucknow – Peshawar – Khyber axis, and four divisions on the Bombay – Mhow – Quetta axis.[13] However, the cost of abandoning some thirty-four stations and building new ones in the proposed corps areas was considered prohibitive, and that aspect of the plan had to be modified.[14]
Under the compromise adopted in 1905, the four existing commands were reduced to three, and together with Army Headquarters, arranged in ten standing divisions and four independent brigades:
Northern Command comprised the 1st (Peshawar) Division, the 2nd (Rawalpindi) Division, the 3rd (Lahore) Division, the Kohat Brigade, the Bannu Brigade, and the Derajat Brigade.
Western Command comprised the 4th (Quetta) Division, the 5th (Mhow) Division, the 6th (Poona) Division, and the Aden Brigade, located in Aden in the Arabian Peninsula.
Eastern Command comprised the 7th (Meerut) Division and the 8th (Lucknow) Division.
Army Headquarters retained the 9th (Secunderabad) Division and the Burma Division under its direct control.[14][15] The numbered divisions were organised so that on mobilisation they could deploy a complete infantry division, a cavalry brigade, and a number of troops for internal security or local frontier defence. Permanent divisional commands were formed with an establishment of staff officers under a Major-General.[14]
After the reforms ended in 1909, the Indian Army was organised along British lines, although it was always behind in terms of equipment. An Indian Army division consisted of three brigades each of four battalions. Three of these battalions were of the Indian Army, and one British. The Indian battalions were often segregated, with companies of different tribes, castes or religions. One and a half million volunteers came forward from the estimated population of 315 million in the Indian subcontinent.
Regimental battalions were not permanently allocated to particular divisions or brigades, but instead spent some years in one formation, and were then posted to another elsewhere. This rotating arrangement was intended both to provide all units with experience of active service on the Frontier, and to prevent them becoming 'localised' in static regimental stations.[14] In contrast, the divisional locations remained constant,[13] as indicated by their respective titles.
Renumbering and renaming the regiments[edit]
See List of regiments of the Indian Army (1903)
To emphasise that there was now only one Indian Army, and that all units were to be trained and deployed without regard for their regional origins, the regiments were renumbered into single sequences of cavalry, artillery, infantry of the line, and Gúrkha Rifles.[14] Regimental designations were altered to remove all references to the former Presidential Armies.[10] Where appropriate subsidiary titles recalling other identifying details were adopted. Thus the 2nd Bengal Lancers became the 2nd Lancers (Gardner's Horse).
The new order began with the Bengal regiments, followed by the Punjab Frontier Force, then the regiments of Madras, the Hyderabad Contingent, and Bombay. Wherever possible a significant digit was retained in the new number.[10] Thus the 1st Sikh Infantry became the 51st Sikhs, the 1st Madras Pioneers became the 61st Pioneers, and the 1st Bombay Grenadiers became the 101st Grenadiers.
The Gúrkha Regiments had developed into their own Line of rifle regiments since 1861. They were five of these until they were joined by the former 42nd, 43rd, & 44th Gúrkha Regiments of the Bengal Army, who became the 6th, 7th, & 8th Gúrkha Rifles. The numbers 42, 43, & 44 were allocated respectively to the Deoli and Erinpura Irregular Forces and the Mhairwara Battalion from Rajputana.[16]
The mountain batteries had already lost their numbers two years earlier. Under the 1903 reforms they were renumbered with twenty added to their original numbers.[17] The army had very little artillery (only 12 batteries of mountain artillery), and Royal Indian Artillery batteries were attached to the divisions. The Indian Army Corps of Engineers was formed by the Group of Madras, Bengal and Bombay Sappers in their respective presidencies.
The Queen's Own Corps of Guides, Punjab Frontier Force, composed of cavalry squadrons and infantry companies, was renamed the Queen's Own Corps of Guides (Lumsden's) but stayed numberless. The new regimental numbering and namings were notified in India Army Order 181, dated 2 October 1903.[18]
In 1903 the title of the Indian Staff Corps was abolished, and thereafter officers were simply appointed to 'the Indian Army.'[19] A General Staff was then created to deal with overall military policy, supervision of training in peacetime, conduct of operations in war, distribution of forces for internal security or external deployment, plans for future operations and collecting intelligence.[20] Functions were divided along British lines into two branches; the Adjutant-General, dealing with training, discipline, and personnel, and the Quartermaster-General, dealing with supplies, accommodation, and communications. In 1906 a General Branch was established to deal with military policy, organisation and deployment, mobilisation and war plans, and intelligence and the conduct of operations.[21] The Chiefs of the staff branches answered to the Chief of the General Staff, whose post was held by a lieutenant-general.[20] To provide training for staff officers, the Indian Staff College was established in 1905, and permanently based at Quetta from 1907.[21]
With no intermediate chain of command, army headquarters was weighed down with minor administrative details. Divisional commanders were responsible not only for their active formations, but also for internal security and volunteer troops within their respective areas. On mobilisation, divisional staffs took the field, leaving no-one to maintain the local administration. Supporting services were insufficient, and many troops intended for the field force were not moved from their old stations into the areas of their new divisional command. These defects became clear during the First World War, and lead to further reorganisation.[22]
The Indian Army Act 1911 legislated the replacement of the Indian Articles of War 1869. It was passed by the Governor General.[23] It was under aspects of this law that the Army charged defendants during the Indian National Army Trials in 1945. It was replaced by the "Indian Army Act, 1950" after partition and independence.
First World War[edit]
See also: Indian Army during World War I
The 15th Sikh Regiment arrive in Marseille, France on their way to fight the Germans during the First World War.
A Benét–Mercié machine gun section of 2nd Rajput Light Infantry in action in Flanders, during the winter of 1914–15.
Frederick Stanley Maude with British Indian Army entering Baghdad in 1917.
Prior to the outbreak of the First World War, the strength of the British Indian Army was 155,000. Either in 1914 or before, a ninth division had been formed, the 9th (Secunderabad) Division.[24] By November 1918, the Indian Army rose in size to 573,000 men.[25]
Before the war, the Indian government had decided that India could afford to provide two infantry divisions and a cavalry brigade in the event of a European war. 140,000 soldiers saw active service on the Western Front in France and Belgium – 90,000 in the front-line Indian Corps, and some 50,000 in auxiliary battalions. They felt that any more would jeopardise national security. More than four divisions were eventually sent as Indian Expeditionary Force A[26] formed the Indian Corps and the Indian Cavalry Corps that arrived on the Western Front in 1914. The high number of officer casualties the corps suffered early on had an effect on its later performance. British officers that understood the language, customs, and psychology of their men could not be quickly replaced, and the alien environment of the Western Front had some effect on the soldiers. However, the feared unrest in India never happened, and while the Indian Corps was transferred to the Middle East in 1915 India provided many more divisions for active service during the course of the war.[27] Indians' first engagement was on the Western Front within a month of the start of the war, at the First Battle of Ypres. Here, Garwhal Rifles were involved in the war's first trench raid on 9–10 November 1914 and Khudadad Khan became the first Indian to win a Victoria Cross. After a year of front-line duty, sickness and casualties had reduced the Indian Corps to the point where it had to be withdrawn.
Nearly 700,000 then served in the Middle East, fighting against the Turks in the Mesopotamian campaign.[28] There they were short of transportation for resupply and operated in extremely hot and dusty conditions. Led by Major General Sir Charles Townshend, they pushed on to capture Baghdad but they were repulsed by Turkish Forces.
In the First World War the Indian Army saw extensive active service, including:
Western Front: Battle of Neuve Chapelle
Battle of Gallipoli
Sinai and Palestine Campaign
Mesopotamian Campaign, Siege of Kut
East Africa, including the Battle of Tanga
Participants from the Indian subcontinent won 13,000 medals, including 12 Victoria Crosses. By the end of the war a total of 47,746 Indians had been reported dead or missing; 65,126 were wounded.[28]
Also serving in the First World War were so-called "Imperial Service Troops", provided by the semi-autonomous Princely States. About 21,000 were raised in the First World War, mainly consisting of Sikhs of Punjab and Rajputs from Rajputana (such as the Bikaner Camel Corps and the Hyderabad, Mysore and Jodhpur Lancers of the Imperial Service Cavalry Brigade). These forces played a prominent role in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign.
Interbellum (1918–1939)[edit]
Elements of the Army operated around Mary, Turkmenistan in 1918–19. See Malleson mission and Entente intervention in the Russian Civil War. The army then took part in the Third Anglo-Afghan War of 1919. In the aftermath of the First World War, the Indian Territorial Force and Auxiliary Force (India) were created in the 1920s. The Indian Territorial Force was a part-time, paid, all-volunteer organisation within the army. Its units were primarily made up of European officers and Indian other ranks. The ITF was created by the Indian Territorial Force Act 1920[29] to replace the Indian section of the Indian Defence Force. It was an all-volunteer force modelled after the British Territorial Army. The European parallel to the ITF was the Auxiliary Force (India).
After the First World War the British started the process of Indianisation, by which Indians were promoted into higher officer ranks. Indian cadets were sent to study in Great Britain at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and were given full commissions as King's Commissioned Indian Officers. The KCIOs were equivalent in every way to British commissioned officers and had full authority over British troops (unlike VCOs). Some KCIOs were attached to British Army units for a part of their careers.
In 1922, after experience had shown that the large groups of single battalion regiments were unwieldy, a number of large regiments were created, and numerous cavalry regiments amalgamated. The List of regiments of the Indian Army (1922) shows the reduced number of larger regiments. Until 1932 most Indian Army officers, both British and Indian, were trained at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, after that date the Indian officers increasingly received their training at the Indian Military Academy in Dehradun which was established that year.
Second World War[edit]
Main articles: Indian Army during World War II and India in World War II
Soldiers of the 4th Indian Division decorate the side of their lorry "Khyber Pass to Hell-Fire Pass" during Operation Battleaxe in June 1941.
Indian troops on the quayside at Singapore, November 1941
Indian Army Sikh personnel in action during the successful Operation Crusader in December 1941.
Sherman tank of the 9th Royal Deccan Horse, 255th Indian Tank Brigade, Burma 1945
At the outbreak of the Second World War, the Indian Army numbered 205,000 men. Later on during the Second World War the Indian Army would become the largest all-volunteer force in history, rising to over 2.5 million men in size. In doing so the Indian III Corps, Indian IV Corps, Indian XV Corps, Indian XXXIII Corps, Indian XXXIV Corps, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 14th, 17th, 19th, 20th, 21st, and 23rd Indian Divisions were formed, as well as other forces. Additionally two armoured divisions and an airborne division were created. In matters of administration, weapons, training, and equipment, the Indian Army had considerable independence; for example, prior to the war the Indian Army adopted the Vickers-Berthier (VB) light machine gun instead of the Bren gun of the British Army, while continuing to manufacture and issue the older SMLE No. 1 Mk III rifle during the Second World War, instead of the Lee–Enfield No.4 Mk I issued to the British Army from the middle of the war.[30]
Particularly notable contributions of the Indian Army during that conflict were the:
Mediterranean, Middle East and African theatres of World War II
East African campaign
North African campaign
Operation Compass
Operation Battleaxe
Operation Crusader
First Battle of El Alamein
Second Battle of El Alamein
Anglo-Iraqi War
Syria-Lebanon campaign
Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
Italian campaign
Battle of Monte Cassino
Battle of Hong Kong
Battle of Malaya
Battle of Singapore
Burma Campaign
Battle of Kohima
Battle of Imphal
About 87,000 Indian soldiers lost their lives during this conflict. Indian soldiers were awarded 30 Victoria Crosses during the Second World War. (See: Indian Victoria Cross recipients.)
The Germans and Japanese were relatively successful in recruiting combat forces from Indian prisoners of war. These forces were known as the Tiger Legion and the Indian National Army (INA). Indian nationalist leader Subhas Chandra Bose led the 40,000-strong INA. From a total of about 55,000 Indians taken prisoner in Malaya and Singapore in February 1942, about 30,000 joined the INA,[31] which fought Allied forces in the Burma Campaign. Others became guards at Japanese POW camps. The recruitment was the brainchild of Major Fujiwara Iwaichi who mentions in his memoirs that Captain Mohan Singh Deb, who surrendered after the fall of Jitra became the founder of the INA.
Some Indian Army personnel resisted recruitment and remained POWs.[32] An unknown number captured in Malaya and Singapore were taken to Japanese-occupied areas of New Guinea as forced labour. Many of these men suffered severe hardships and brutality, similar to that experienced by other prisoners of Japan during the Second World War. About 6,000 of them survived until they were liberated by Australian or US forces, in 1943–45.[31]
During the later stages of the Second World War, from the fall of Singapore and the ending of ABDACOM in early 1942 until the formation of the South East Asia Command (SEAC) in August 1943, some American and Chinese units were placed under British military command.
Post Second World War[edit]
As a result of the Partition of India in 1947, the formations, units, assets, and indigenous personnel of the Indian Army were divided, with two thirds of the assets being retained by the Union of India, and one third going to the new Dominion of Pakistan.[33] Four Gurkha regiments (mostly recruited in Nepal, which was outside India), were transferred from the former Indian Army to the British Army, forming its Brigade of Gurkhas and departing for a new station in Malaya. British Army units stationed in India returned to the United Kingdom or were posted to other stations outside India and Pakistan. During the transition period after partition, Headquarters British Troops in India, under then Major General Lashmer Whistler, controlled the departing British units. The last British unit, 1st Battalion, Somerset Light Infantry, left on 28 February 1948.[34] Equipment from most British units was retained by the Indian Army, as only a single infantry division, the 7th Indian Infantry Division, had been stationed in Pakistan before partition.
Most of the remainder of the Indian Army's Muslim personnel proceeded to join the newly created Pakistan Army. Due to a shortage of experienced officers, several hundred British officers remained in Pakistan on contract until the early 1950s. From 1947 to 1948, soon after the Partition of India and of the Indian Army, the two new armies fought each other in the First Kashmir War, beginning a bitter rivalry which has continued into the 21st century.
The present-day Indian Army and Pakistan Army thus were formed from units of the pre-partition Indian Army. Both of these forces, and the Bangladesh Army which was created on the independence of Bangladesh, retain Indian Army traditions.
See also[edit]
Commander-in-Chief, India
Chief of the General Staff (India)
List of regiments of the Indian Army (1903)
List of Indian Victoria Cross recipients
Indian Order of Merit
Indian Distinguished Service Medal
Order of British India
Observatory Ridge, Johannesburg, site of a monument commemorating the British Indian Army
Royal Indian Navy
Indian Military Historical Society
Royal Netherlands East Indies Army - having a similar function in the Netherlands East Indies
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "British Indian Army – A Brief History (1857-1947)".
Jump up ^ Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume IV 1908, p. 85 Quote: "The British Government has undertaken to protect the dominions of the Native princes from invasion and even from rebellion within: its army is organized for the defence not merely of British India, but of all possessions under the suzerainty of the King-Emperor."
Jump up ^ Harold E. Raugh, The Victorians at war, 1815–1914: an encyclopedia of British military history (2004) pp 173–79
Jump up ^ Oxford History of the British Army
^ Jump up to: a b c d Gaylor, p. 2
Jump up ^ Robson, p. 55
Jump up ^ Heathcote, p. 136
^ Jump up to: a b c Jackson, p. 3
^ Jump up to: a b Heathcote, p. 30
^ Jump up to: a b c Gaylor, p. 5
Jump up ^ "Southern Command History". Indianarmy.nic.in. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
Jump up ^ Barthorp pp. 142–3
^ Jump up to: a b Barthorp, p. 143
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Heathcote, p. 31
Jump up ^ Sumner p. 9
Jump up ^ Gaylor, p. 10
Jump up ^ Gaylor, p 107
Jump up ^ Roger, p. 20
Jump up ^ Robson p. 57
^ Jump up to: a b Heathcote p. 26
^ Jump up to: a b Heathcote p. 139
Jump up ^ Heathcote, p. 32
Jump up ^ Ilbert, Courtenay (1 January 1913). "British India". Journal of the Society of Comparative Legislation. 13 (2): 327–333. JSTOR 752287.
Jump up ^ For a 1914 order of battle, see Graham Watson, 1914 Indian Army Order of Battle Archived 9 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Exhibitions & Learning online | First World War | Service records". The National Archives. Retrieved 2012-11-20.
Jump up ^ Barua, Pradeep (2003). The Gentlemen of the Raj. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishing.
Jump up ^ Haythornthwaite P.J. (1992). The World War One Sourcebook, Arms and Armour Press.
^ Jump up to: a b Participants from the Indian subcontinent in the First World War, Memorial Gates Trust, retrieved 2009-09-12
Jump up ^ "Indian Auxiliary Forces: A Territorial Scheme", The Times, 1 October 1920
Jump up ^ Weeks, John, World War II Small Arms, New York: Galahad Books (1979), ISBN 0-88365-403-2, p. 89
^ Jump up to: a b Peter Stanley "Great in adversity": Indian prisoners of war in New Guinea website of the Australian War Memorial
Jump up ^ Barkawi 2006, p. 341.
Jump up ^ Brian Lapping, 'End of Empire,' Guild Publishing, London, 1985, p.75-6, p.82: 'By comparison with the two great provinces [Punjab & Sindh] partition of the army and the civil service was easy, though by any other standard, it was difficult, wasteful, and destructive. ... The men were transferred in their units. Regiments of Sikh and Hindu soldiers from the north-west frontier had to make their way through Muslim territory to get out of what was to be Pakistan.'
Jump up ^ Smyth, Sir John (1967). Bolo Whistler: the life of General Sir Lashmer Whistler: a study in leadership. London: Muller. pp. 170–184. OCLC 59031387.
References[edit]
Barkawi, Tarak (April 2006). "Culture and Combat In the Colonies: The Indian Army In the Second World War". Journal of Contemporary History. Sage. 41 (2): 325–355. doi:10.1177/0022009406062071.
Barthorp, Michael. Afghan Wars and the North-West Frontier 1839–1947. Cassell. London. 2002. ISBN 0-304-36294-8
Barua, Pradeep. Gentlemen of the Raj: The Indian Army Officer Corps, 1817–1949 (2003) excerpt and text search
Gaylor, John. Sons of John Company – The Indian & Pakistan Armies 1903–1991. Parapress. Tunbridge Wells, Kent. 1996. ISBN 1-898594-41-4
Heathcote, T. A. The Indian Army – The Garrison of British Imperial India, 1822–1922. David & Charles. Newton Abbot, Devon. 1974.
Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume IV (1908). Indian Empire: Administrative. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 552.
Oxford History of the British Army
Robson, Brian. The Road to Kabul. Spellmount. Stroud, Gloucestershire. 2007. ISBN 978-1-86227-416-7
Roger, Alexander. Battle Honours of the British Empire and Commonwealth Land Forces 1662–1991. Crowood Press. Marlborough. 2003. ISBN 1-86126-637-5
Smyth, Sir John (1967). Bolo Whistler: the life of General Sir Lashmer Whistler: a study in leadership. London: Muller. OCLC 59031387.
Sumner, Ian, & Chappell, Mike. The Indian Army 1914–1947. Osprey Publishing. Oxford. 2001. ISBN 1-84176-196-6
Further reading[edit]
Barua, Pradeep. "Strategies and Doctrines of Imperial Defence: Britain and India, 1919–45," Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 25 (1997): 240–66;
Cohen, Stephen P. (May 1969). "The Untouchable Soldier: Caste, Politics, and the Indian Army". The Journal of Asian Studies. 28 (3): 453–468. doi:10.1017/s0021911800092779. JSTOR 2943173. (subscription required)
Duckers, Peter (2003). The British Indian Army 1860–1914. Shire Books. ISBN 978-0-7478-0550-2.
Farrington, Anthony (1982). Guide to the records of the India Office Military Department, India Office Library and Records, ISBN 0-903359-30-8, ISBN 978-0-903359-30-6 (via Google Books)
Gupta, P. S. and Anirudh Deshpande, eds. The British Raj and its Indian Armed Forces, 1857–1939 (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2002), 98–124.
Guy, Alan J.; Boyden, Peter B. (1997). Soldiers of the Raj, The Indian Army 1600–1947. National Army Museum Chelsea.
Heathcote, T. A. The Military in British India: The Development of British Land Forces in South Asia, 1600–1947 (Manchester University Press, 1995)
Holmes, Richard. Sahib the British Soldier in India, 1750–1914
Jackson, Major Donovan. India's Army. Sampson Low. London ~1940.
Jeffreys, Alan, and Patrick Rose, eds. The Indian Army 1939–47: Experience and Development (Farnham: Ashgate, 2012), 244pp online review
Mason, Philip. (1974), A Matter of Honour: An Account of the Indian Army, its Officers and Men, Macmillan
McCosh, John (1856). Advice to Officers in India (revised ed.). London: Wm. H. Allen & Co.
Omissi, David. The Sepoy and the Raj: The Indian Army, 1860–1940 (London: Macmillan, 1994)
Roy, Pinaki. “Black Peepers who charged: Remembering the British-Indian Military Personnel of the Two World Wars”. Modernity of India: Ambiguities and Deformities. Eds. Sarkar, A.K., K. Chakraborty, and M. Dutta. Kolkata: Setu Prakashani, 2014 (ISBN 978-93-80677-68-2). pp. 181–96.
Primary sources[edit]
Cross, J. P., and Buddhiman Gurung, eds. Gurkhas at War in Their Own Words: The Gurkha Experience 1939 to the Present (London: Greenhill, 2002),
Masters, John (1956). Bugles and a Tiger: Viking. (autobiographical account of his service as a junior British officer in a Gurkha regiment in the years leading up to World War II)
Omissi, David E. ed. Indian Voices of the Great War: Soldiers' Letters, 1914–18 (1999)
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to British Indian Army.
David Steinburg, British Ruled India 1757–1947: Bibliography of Books Articles and Dissertations, accessed August 2010
British Military History – Including British Indian Army during WW2
Indian Army: History: British Era on the Indian Army website
Stand at East – Mark Tully in a series of BBC audio programmes on the pre-independence Indian Army
The Role of Muslims Martial Races of Today's Pakistan in British-Indian Army in World War-II
: The Indian Army 1900–1939
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Indian_Army&oldid=829262896"
Categories:
Military of British India
Military units and formations established in 1857
Military units and formations disestablished in 1947
History of the Indian Army
Military units and formations of the British Empire in World War II
Military history of India during World War II
1857 establishments in India
Hidden categories:
CS1: Julian–Gregorian uncertainty
Webarchive template wayback links
Use dmy dates from June 2016
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018
Articles with unsourced statements from September 2012
Pages containing links to subscription-only content
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Asturianu
Čeština
Deutsch
Español
Français
हिन्दी
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
ಕನ್ನಡ
मराठी
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Português
Русский
Simple English
Svenska
Türkçe
Українська
اردو
中文
16 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 7 March 2018, at 15:51.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attr: role class

value:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

attr: scope style

value:
row
padding-right: 1em;

value:
/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_War_(1882)
mw-redirect
Anglo-Egyptian War (1882)

value:
/wiki/First_Mohmand_Campaign
mw-redirect
First Mohmand Campaign

value: North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)

value:
/wiki/Sir_Claude_Auchinleck
mw-redirect
Sir Claude Auchinleck

value:
/wiki/Sir_Edward_Quinan
mw-redirect
Sir Edward Quinan

value:
/wiki/Volley_fire_(infantry_tactic)
mw-redirect
Volley fire (infantry tactic)

value: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2018)

value:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

value:
/wiki/British_Indian_Empire
mw-redirect
British Indian Empire

value:
/wiki/British_India
mw-redirect
British India

value:
/wiki/First_World_War
mw-redirect
First World War

value:
/wiki/Second_World_War
mw-redirect
Second World War

value:
/wiki/Presidencies_of_British_India
mw-redirect
Presidencies of British India

value:
/wiki/Indian_Rebellion
mw-redirect
Indian Rebellion

value:
/wiki/6th_Madras_Light_Cavalry
mw-redirect
6th Madras Light Cavalry

value:
/wiki/Indian_Mutiny
mw-redirect
Indian Mutiny

value:
/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_II
mw-redirect
Bahadur Shah II

value: Horatio Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum

value:
/wiki/Viceroy%27s_Commissioned_Officer
mw-redirect
Viceroy's Commissioned Officer

value:
/wiki/Subedar_Major
mw-redirect
Subedar Major

value:
/wiki/Captain_(land_and_air)
mw-redirect
Captain (land and air)

value:
/wiki/Company_Havildar_Major
mw-redirect
Company Havildar Major

value:
/wiki/Company_Sergeant_Major
mw-redirect
Company Sergeant Major

value:
/wiki/Company_Quartermaster_Havildar
mw-redirect
Company Quartermaster Havildar

value:
/wiki/Company_Quartermaster_Sergeant
mw-redirect
Company Quartermaster Sergeant

value:
/wiki/Acting_Lance-Daffadar
mw-redirect
Acting Lance-Daffadar

value:
/wiki/British_Crown
mw-redirect
British Crown

value:
/wiki/Awan_(Pakistan)
mw-redirect
Awan (Pakistan)

value:
/wiki/Punjabi_people
mw-redirect
Punjabi people

value: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2012)

value:
/wiki/Second_Afghan_War
mw-redirect
Second Afghan War

value:
/wiki/Commission_of_Enquiry
mw-redirect
Commission of Enquiry

value:
/wiki/Supply_and_Transport
mw-redirect
Supply and Transport

value:
/wiki/Punjab_(British_India)
mw-redirect
Punjab (British India)

value:
/wiki/Aden_Settlement
mw-redirect
Aden Settlement

value: List of regiments of the Indian Army (1903)

value:
/wiki/Formation_(military)
mw-redirect
Formation (military)

value:
/wiki/Headquarters_(military)
mw-redirect
Headquarters (military)

value:
/wiki/Infantry_division
mw-redirect
Infantry division

value:
/wiki/Active_service
mw-redirect
Active service

value: Edit section: Renumbering and renaming the regiments

value:
/wiki/Infantry_of_the_line
mw-redirect
Infantry of the line

value:
/wiki/Gurkha_Rifles_(disambiguation)
mw-redirect mw-disambig
Gurkha Rifles (disambiguation)

value:
/wiki/Rifle_regiments
mw-redirect
Rifle regiments

value:
/wiki/Mountain_artillery
mw-redirect
Mountain artillery

value:
/wiki/General_Staff
mw-redirect
General Staff

value:
/wiki/Staff_officers
mw-redirect
Staff officers

value:
/wiki/Chain_of_command
mw-redirect
Chain of command

value:
/wiki/Governor_General_of_India
mw-redirect
Governor General of India

value:
/wiki/Indian_National_Army_Trials
mw-redirect
Indian National Army Trials

value: Hotchkiss M1909 Benét–Mercié machine gun

value: 2nd Queen Victoria's Own Rajput Light Infantry

value:
/wiki/Indian_Expeditionary_Force_A
mw-redirect
Indian Expeditionary Force A

value:
/wiki/Indian_Corps
mw-redirect
Indian Corps

value:
/wiki/Western_Front_(WWI)
mw-redirect
Western Front (WWI)

value:
/wiki/Battle_of_Gallipoli
mw-redirect
Battle of Gallipoli

value:
/wiki/Mesopotamian_Campaign
mw-redirect
Mesopotamian Campaign

value:
/wiki/Princely_States
mw-redirect
Princely States

value:
/wiki/Hyderabad,_India
mw-redirect
Hyderabad, India

value:
/wiki/Imperial_Service_Cavalry_Brigade
mw-redirect
Imperial Service Cavalry Brigade

value: Entente intervention in the Russian Civil War

value:
/wiki/Territorial_Army_(United_Kingdom)
mw-redirect
Territorial Army (United Kingdom)

value: List of regiments of the Indian Army (1922)

value:
/wiki/9th_Royal_Deccan_Horse
mw-redirect
9th Royal Deccan Horse

value:
/wiki/Indian_III_Corps
mw-redirect
Indian III Corps

value:
/wiki/Indian_XV_Corps
mw-redirect
Indian XV Corps

value:
/wiki/Indian_XXXIII_Corps
mw-redirect
Indian XXXIII Corps

value:
/wiki/Indian_XXXIV_Corps
mw-redirect
Indian XXXIV Corps

value:
/wiki/North_African_campaign
mw-redirect
North African campaign

value:
/wiki/Syria-Lebanon_campaign
mw-redirect
Syria-Lebanon campaign

value:
/wiki/Battle_of_Malaya
mw-redirect
Battle of Malaya

value: List of Indian Victoria Cross recipients

value:
/wiki/Prisoners_of_war
mw-redirect
Prisoners of war

value:
/wiki/Tiger_Legion
mw-redirect
Tiger Legion

value:
/wiki/Fujiwara_Iwaichi
mw-redirect
Fujiwara Iwaichi

value:
/wiki/Mohan_Singh_Deb
mw-redirect
Mohan Singh Deb

value:
/wiki/Union_of_India
mw-redirect
Union of India

value:
/wiki/Major_General
mw-redirect
Major General

value:
/wiki/First_Kashmir_War
mw-redirect
First Kashmir War

value:
/wiki/Royal_Indian_Navy
mw-redirect
Royal Indian Navy

value:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/752287

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.mgtrust.org/ind1.htm

value:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/59031387

value: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

value:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/2943173

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.britishmilitaryhistory.co.uk

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.king-emperor.com

value: Category:Military units and formations established in 1857

value: Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1947

value: Category:Military units and formations of the British Empire in World War II

value: Category:Military history of India during World War II

value: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

value: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

value: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018

value: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2012

value: Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/British_Indian_Army
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

value: جيش الهند البريطاني – Arabic

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-de
display: none;

value: ब्रिटिश भारतीय सेना – Hindi

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-is
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

value: צבא הודו הבריטית – Hebrew

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

value: ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷ್ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಸೇನೆ – Kannada

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kn
display: none;

value: ब्रिटिश भारतीय लष्कर – Marathi

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mr
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

value: Den britisk-indiske hæren – Norwegian Nynorsk

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

value: Exército da Índia Britânica – Portuguese

value: Британская Индийская армия – Russian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

value: Армія Британської Індії – Ukrainian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

value: برطانوی ہندی فوج – Urdu

value: 英属印度陆军 – Chinese

value: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-British_Indian_Army rootpage-British_Indian_Army skin-vector action-view