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Data Protection Act 1998
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Data Protection Act 1998
Act of Parliament
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long title
An Act to make new provision for the regulation of the processing of information relating to individuals, including the obtaining, holding, use or disclosure of such information.
Territorial extent
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Dates
Royal assent
16 July 1998
Commencement
March 2000
Other legislation
Replaces
Data Protection Act 1984
Status: Current legislation
Text of the Data Protection Act 1998 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk
The Data Protection Act 1998 (c 29) is a United Kingdom Act of Parliament designed to protect personal data stored on computers or in an organised paper filing system. It follows the EU Data Protection Directive 1995 protection, processing and movement of data. Individuals have legal rights to control information about themselves. Most of the Act does not apply to domestic use,[1] for example keeping a personal address book. Anyone holding personal data for other purposes is legally obliged to comply with this Act, subject to some exemptions. The Act defines eight data protection principles to ensure that information is processed lawfully.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Contents
2.1 Scope of protection
2.2 Data protection principles
2.3 Exceptions
2.4 Police and court powers
2.5 Offences
2.6 Complexity
2.7 Definition of personal data
2.8 Subject Access Requests
2.9 Information Commissioner
2.10 EU’s Article 29 Working Party
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
5.1 UK legislation
Background[edit]
The 1998 Act replaced the Data Protection Act 1984 and the Access to Personal Files Act 1987 and implemented the EU Data Protection Directive 1995.
The Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003 altered the consent requirement for most electronic marketing to "positive consent" such as an opt in box. Exemptions remain for the marketing of "similar products and services" to existing customers and enquirers, which can still be given permission on an opt out basis.
The Jersey data protection law was modelled on the UK law.[2]
Contents[edit]
Scope of protection[edit]
Section 1 defines "personal data" as any data that can be used to identify a living individual. Anonymised or aggregated data is less regulated by the Act, providing the anonymisation or aggregation has not been done in a reversible way. Individuals can be identified by various means including their name and address, telephone number or email address. The Act applies only to data which is held, or intended to be held, on computers ('equipment operating automatically in response to instructions given for that purpose'), or held in a 'relevant filing system'.[3]
In some cases paper records may be classified as a 'relevant filing system', such as an address book or a salesperson's diary used to support commercial activities.[4]
The Freedom of Information Act 2000 modified the act for public bodies and authorities, and the Durant case modified the interpretation of the act by providing case law and precedent.[5]
A person who has their data processed has the following rights:[6][7]
under section 7, to view the data an organisation holds on them for a reasonable fee: the maximum fee is £2 for requests to credit reference agencies, £50 for health and educational request, and £10 per individual otherwise,[8]
under section 14, request that incorrect information be corrected. If the company ignores the request, a court can order the data to be corrected or destroyed, and in some cases compensation can be awarded.[9]
under section 10, require that data is not used in any way that may potentially cause damage or distress.[10]
under section 11, require that their data is not used for direct marketing.[11]
Data protection principles[edit]
Schedule 1 lists eight "data protection principles".
Personal data shall be processed fairly and lawfully and, in particular, shall not be processed unless:
at least one of the conditions in Schedule 2 is met, and
in the case of sensitive personal data, at least one of the conditions in Schedule 3 is also met.
Personal data shall be obtained only for one or more specified and lawful purposes, and shall not be further processed in any manner incompatible with that purpose or those purposes.
Personal data shall be adequate, relevant and not excessive in relation to the purpose or purposes for which they are processed.
Personal data shall be accurate and, where necessary, kept up to date.
Personal data processed for any purpose or purposes shall not be kept for longer than is necessary for that purpose or those purposes.
About the rights of individuals e.g.[12] personal data shall be processed in accordance with the rights of data subjects (individuals).
Appropriate technical and organisational measures shall be taken against unauthorised or unlawful processing of personal data and against accidental loss or destruction of, or damage to, personal data.
Personal data shall not be transferred to a country or territory outside the European Economic Area unless that country or territory ensures an adequate level of protection for the rights and freedoms of data subjects in relation to the processing of personal data.
Conditions relevant to the first principle
Personal data should only be processed fairly and lawfully. In order for data to be classed as 'fairly processed', at least one of these six conditions must be applicable to that data (Schedule 2).
The data subject (the person whose data is stored) has consented ("given their permission") to the processing;
Processing is necessary for the performance of, or commencing, a contract;
Processing is required under a legal obligation (other than one stated in the contract);
Processing is necessary to protect the vital interests of the data subject;
Processing is necessary to carry out any public functions;
Processing is necessary in order to pursue the legitimate interests of the "data controller" or "third parties" (unless it could unjustifiably prejudice the interests of the data subject).[13]
Consent
Except under the below mentioned exceptions, the individual needs to consent to the collection of their personal information and its use in the purpose(s) in question. The European Data Protection Directive defines consent as “…any freely given specific and informed indication of his wishes by which the data subject signifies his agreement to personal data relating to him being processed”, meaning the individual may signify agreement other than in writing. However, non-communication should not be interpreted as consent.
Additionally, consent should be appropriate to the age and capacity of the individual and other circumstances of the case. E.g., if an organisation "intends to continue to hold or use personal data after the relationship with the individual ends, then the consent should cover this." And even when consent is given, it shouldn't be assumed to last forever. Although in most cases consent lasts for as long as the personal data needs to be processed, individuals may be able to withdraw their consent, depending on the nature of the consent and the circumstances in which the personal information is being collected and used.[14]
The Data Protection Act also specifies that sensitive personal data must be processed according to a stricter set of conditions, in particular any consent must be explicit.[14]
Exceptions[edit]
The Act is structured such that all processing of personal data is covered by the act, while providing a number of exceptions in Part IV.[1] Notable exceptions are:
Section 28 – National security. Any processing for the purpose of safeguarding national security is exempt from all the data protection principles, as well as Part II (subject access rights), Part III (notification), Part V (enforcement), and Section 55 (Unlawful obtaining of personal data).
Section 29 – Crime and taxation. Data processed for the prevention or detection of crime, the apprehension or prosecution of offenders, or the assessment or collection of taxes are exempt from the first data protection principle.
Section 36 – Domestic purposes. Processing by an individual only for the purposes of that individual's personal, family or household affairs is exempt from all the data protection principles, as well as Part II (subject access rights) and Part III (notification).
Police and court powers[edit]
The Act grants or acknowledges various police and court powers.
Section 29 – Consent of the Data Subject is not required when processing Personal Data to prevent or detect crime, apprehend or prosecute offenders, the assessment and collection of taxes and duties and to discharge a statutory function.[15]
Section 35 – Disclosures required by law or made in connection with legal proceedings. This includes obeying court orders, other laws and are part of legal proceedings.[16]
Offences[edit]
The Act details a number of civil and criminal offences for which data controllers may be liable if a data controller has failed to gain appropriate consent from a data subject. However, 'consent' is not specifically defined in the Act and so is a common law matter.
Section 21(1) makes it an offence to process personal information without registration.[17]
Section 21(2) makes it an offence to fail to comply with the notification regulations made by the Secretary of State[17] (proposed by the Information Commissioner under section 25 of the Act).[18]
Section 55 makes unlawful obtaining of personal data. This section makes it an offence for people (Other Parties), such as hackers and impersonators, outside the organisation to obtain unauthorised access to the personal data.[19]
Section 56 makes it a criminal offence to require an individual to make a Subject Access Request relating to cautions or convictions for the purposes of recruitment, continued employment, or the provision of services.[20] This section came into force on 10 March 2015.[21]
Complexity[edit]
The UK Data Protection Act is a large Act that has a reputation for complexity.[22] While the basic principles are honoured for protecting privacy, interpreting the act is not always simple. Many companies, organisations and individuals seem very unsure of the aims, content and principles of the Act. Some hide behind the Act and refuse to provide even very basic, publicly available material quoting the Act as a restriction.[23] The Act also impacts on the way in which organisations conduct business in terms of who can be contacted for marketing purposes, not only by telephone and direct mail but also electronically and has led to the development of permission based marketing strategies.
Definition of personal data[edit]
The definition of personal data is data relating to a living individual who can be identified
from that data or
from that data and other information in the possession of, or is likely to come into the possession of, the data controller
Sensitive personal data concerns the subject's race, ethnicity, politics, religion, trade union status, health, sex life or criminal record.[24]
Subject Access Requests[edit]
The Information Commissioner's Office website states[25]:
You have the right to get a copy of the information that is held about you. This is known as a subject access request.
This right of subject access means that you can make a request under the Data Protection Act to any organisation processing your personal data. The Act calls these organisations ‘data controllers’.
You can ask the organisation you think is holding, using or sharing the personal information you want, to supply you with copies of both paper and computer records and related information.
Organisations may charge a fee for responding to a subject access request of up to[25]:
£2 if it is a request to a credit reference agency for information about your financial standing
£50 for health records that are not available in electronic form or only partially available in electronic form
£10 in all other circumstances
Information Commissioner[edit]
Main article: Information Commissioner's Office
Compliance with the Act is regulated and enforced by an independent authority, the Information Commissioner's Office, which maintains guidance relating to the Act.[26][27]
EU’s Article 29 Working Party[edit]
In January 2017 the Information Commissioner's Office invited public comments on the EU’s Article 29 Working Party's proposed changes to data protection law and the anticipated introduction of extensions to the interpretation of the Act, the Guide to the General Data Protection Regulation.[28]
See also[edit]
Data Protection Act, 2012 (Ghana)
Computer Misuse Act 1990
Data privacy
Data Protection Directive (EU)
Freedom of Information Act 2000
Gaskin v United Kingdom
List of UK government data losses
Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003
General Data Protection Regulation – a 2016 EU regulation on data protection
Smith v Lloyds TSB Bank plc
Durant v Financial Services Authority [2003] EWCA Civ 1746
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Data Protection Act 1998, Part IV (Exemptions), Section 36, Office of Public Sector Information, accessed 6 September 2007
Jump up ^ Jersey: Data Protection In Jersey And Other Offshore Jurisdictions 23 July 2008 Article by Wendy Benjamin, mondaq.com,
Jump up ^ "Data Protection Act 1998, Basic interpretative provisions". Office of Public Sector Information. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "Determining what information is 'data' for the purposes of the DPA" (PDF). Information Commissioner's Office. 16 March 2012. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "What is personal data? Information Commissioner updates guidance". Pinsent Masons. 30 August 2007. Retrieved 20 August 2012. In the case involving Michael Durant he sought information held on him by the Financial Services Authority. The Court of Appeal ruled that just because a document contained his name it was not necessarily defined as personal data. This changed the perception of how wide a definition of personal data could be.
Jump up ^ Your rights, ICO, accessed 6 September 2007
Jump up ^ "The rights of individuals (Principle 6)", ICO, accessed 7 December 2016
Jump up ^ "FAQs". Information Commissioner's Office. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Claiming compensation". Information Commissioner's Office. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Data Protection Act 1998, Part II (Rights of data subjects and others), Section 10, Office of Public Sector Information, accessed 6 September 2007
Jump up ^ Data Protection Act 1998, Part II (Rights of data subjects and others), Section 11, Office of Public Sector Information, accessed 6 September 2007
Jump up ^ The rights of individuals (Principle 6), ICO.org.uk, accessed 14 April 2011
Jump up ^ OPSI.gov.uk Data Protection Act 1998 Schedule 2
^ Jump up to: a b "Conditions for Processing – Guide to Data Protection – ICO". Information Commissioner's Office. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
Jump up ^ Data Protection Act 1998, Part IV (Exceptions – Crime and taxation), Section 29
Jump up ^ Data Protection Act 1998, Part IV (Exemptions – Disclosures required by law or made in connection with legal proceedings etc.), Section 35
^ Jump up to: a b Data Protection Act 1998, Part III (Notification by Data Controllers), Section 21, Office of Public Sector Information)
Jump up ^ Data Protection Act 1998, Part III (Notification by Data Controllers), Section 25
Jump up ^ Data Protection Act 1998, Part VI (Miscellaneous and General), Section 55, Office of Public Sector Information, accessed 14 September 2007
Jump up ^ Data Protection Act 1998, Part VI (Miscellaneous and General), Section 56, Office of Public Sector Information, accessed 14 September 2007
Jump up ^ http://www.lewissilkin.com/Journal/2015/March/Forced-data-subject-access-requests-are-now-a-criminal-offence.aspx
Jump up ^ Bainbridge, D: "Introduction to Computer Law – Fifth Edition", page 430. Pearson Education Limited, 2005
Jump up ^ Data Protection myths and realities, Information Commissioner's Office, accessed 30 August 2008
Jump up ^ "Data Protection Act 1998". UK Statute Law Database. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Find out how to request your personal information". Retrieved 6 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Guide to Data Protection". Information Commissioner's Office. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Guidance – The Data Protection Act, Page of Assorted Guidance, Information Commissioner's Office, accessed 20 October 2007
Jump up ^ "Guide to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)". ico.org.uk. 22 December 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
External links[edit]
Wikiversity has learning resources about Data Protection Act 1998
Information Commissioner's Office
The Department for Constitutional Affairs
Council of Europe – ETS no. 108 – Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data (1981) – basis for Data Protection Act 1984
Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data – basis for Data Protection Act 1998
UK legislation[edit]
Text of the Data Protection Act 1998 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk
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text:
Frontier Psychiatrist
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Frontier Psychiatrist"
Single by The Avalanches
from the album Since I Left You
Released
21 August 2000
Format
12"
CD
Recorded
1999
Genre
Turntablism
plunderphonics
experimental hip hop
trip hop
Length
4:47
Label
Modular
XL
Elektra
Songwriter(s)
Robbie Chater
Tony Diblasi
Dexter Fabay
Bert Kaempfert
Gordon McQuilten
Herbert Rehbein
Darren Seltmann
Carl Sigman
Producer(s)
Robbie Chater
Darren Seltmann
The Avalanches singles chronology
"Electricity"
(1999) "Frontier Psychiatrist"
(2000) "Since I Left You"
(2001)
"Electricity"
(1999) "Frontier Psychiatrist"
(2000) "Since I Left You"
(2001)
"Frontier Psychiatrist" is a song by Australian electronic music group The Avalanches. The song was produced by group members Robbie Chater and Darren Seltmann, under their production alias Bobbydazzler, for the group's debut album Since I Left You. The song is built around many sampled elements, much like other tracks from its parent album, including prominent vocal samples of the sketch "Frontier Psychiatrist" by comedy duo Wayne and Shuster,[1] and an orchestral background sourced from an Enoch Light version of the composition "My Way of Life" (1968).
It was released on 21 August 2000 as the second single from Since I Left You. Upon release, it peaked at number 18 on the UK Singles Chart and number 49 in the group's native Australia, becoming their first single to enjoy commercial success. "Frontier Psychiatrist" was well received by music critics, who praised the Avalanches' utilization of samples in making the song.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Composition
3 Critical reception
4 Music video
5 Release
6 Credits and personnel
7 Charts
8 References
9 External links
Background[edit]
According to group members, "Frontier Psychiatrist" was not planned beforehand by the group and in his words, "happened from us just messing around."[2] Group members Robbie Chater and Darren Seltmann were driving figures in the production of the album's songs, spending months scouring Melbourne's "old record stores for old records" and spending hours sampling music from the records they found to create the songs on the album.[3] The duo primarily worked with a Yamaha Promix 01 and Akai S2000 samplers.[4][5] Dexter Fabay, turntablist and keyboardist for the band, brainstormed the idea for "Frontier Psychiatrist", and his scratching abilities are heard prominently on the song.[2][6]
Composition[edit]
"Frontier Psychiatrist" is built around several elements sampled from other music; Chater and Seltmann, who produced the song, sampled music from several vinyl records in the production and creation of the songs from Since I Left You.[4] The song also makes prominent use of scratching done by the band's turntablist Dexter Fabay.[2]
The prominent orchestral sample heard throughout the track is sourced from a recording by the Enoch Light Singers of the 1968 composition "My Way of Life", originally composed by Bert Kaempfert, Herbert Rehbein and Carl Sigman.[7][8]
The track also contains several vocal samples of Canadian comedy duo Wayne and Shuster, the most prominent of these samples taken from the duo's comedy routine "Frontier Psychiatrist".[7]
Only the aforementioned two samples are credited in the liner notes of Since I Left You; various other uncredited samples are used in the song, with sources ranging from golf instructionals, Christian records and "Reading for the Blind" tapes.[9]
The spoken sample at the beginning ("Is Dexter ill?") comes from the John Waters film Polyester, followed by Maurice Jarre's overture from Lawrence of Arabia.[10][better source needed]
The closing mariachi band played "El Negro Zumbón" first performed by Silvana Mangano in the movie Anna.[11]
Critical reception[edit]
Critics acclaimed "Frontier Psychiatrist". Marc Savlov of The Austin Chronicle said it was "hands down the best example of the sheer giddy pleasure of turntablist art you've likely ever heard."[12] Matt LeMay of Pitchfork Media described the song as "one of the funniest songs I've heard in ages", complimenting its use of vocal samples, including "brilliant scratching on a sample of a parrot." [13] Christine Hsieh of PopMatters wrote: "Most impressively, though, is the way the Avalanches make things like whinnying horses and spoken word sound kooky and fresh instead of recycled and stale." She cited "Frontier Psychiatrist" as a "perfect example of this aesthetic".[14] Matthew Horton, writing for the book 1001 Songs You Must Hear Before You Die, described the song as "the album [Since I Left You] in microcosm—busy, daft, composed of countless unconnected parts, yet somehow entirely natural as a whole."[8]
"Frontier Psychiatrist" and Soulwax's "No Fun / Push It" were the subjects of a short essay written by English writer Nick Hornby as a part of his book Songbook, a collection of similar short essays on songs with particular emotional resonance to Hornby.[15]
Music video[edit]
The song's music video, directed by Tom Kuntz and Mike Maguire,[3][16] features various characters re-enacting and playing various elements of the track, including vocal samples, violins, horns and drums.
The video was released to critical acclaim. The video was the runner-up in the "Best Music Video" category at the 2002 Rushes Soho Shorts Film Festival. Pitchfork Media placed the video at #19 on their list of the "Top 50 Music Videos of the 2000s".[16]
An alternative video was made, featuring actors acting out the 'dialogue' of the track in various scenes, including a psychiatrist's office and "Dexter's" bedroom. In addition, Rorschach ink-blots are animated to reflect various samples in the track.[citation needed]
Release[edit]
"Frontier Psychiatrist" was released as the album's second single on 21 August 2000.[17] Tracks included on "Frontier Psychiatrist" singles in Australia and the United Kingdom included remixes of "Frontier Psychiatrist" by Mario Caldato, Jr., "With My Baby", "Slow Walking" and "Yamaha Superstar", the latter two having been previously released on the Avalanches' 1997 single "Undersea Community".[17] The single peaked at number 18 on the UK Singles Chart on the week ending 21 July 2001[18] and peaked at number 49 in Australia on the week ending 15 October 2000.[19] In the United States, "Frontier Psychiatrist" was released on 6 November 2001 as the group's debut single.[3]
Various promotional DVD singles containing the song's music video were also released.[17]
CD single (Australia)
"Frontier Psychiatrist" – 4:47
"With My Baby" – 4:38
"Frontier Psychiatrist" (Mario Caldato's 85% Mix) – 4:00
"Frontier Psychiatrist" (85% Instrumental) – 4:03
12-inch single (United Kingdom)
Side one
"Frontier Psychiatrist" – 4:47
Side two
"Frontier Psychiatrist" (Mario Caldato's 85% Mix) – 4:00
"Frontier Psychiatrist" (85% Instrumental) – 4:03
CD single 1 (United Kingdom)
"Frontier Psychiatrist" (radio edit) – 4:09
"Slow Walking" – 3:45
"Yamaha Superstar" – 1:53
CD single 2 (United Kingdom)
"Frontier Psychiatrist" – 4:47
"Frontier Psychiatrist" (Mario Caldato's 85% Mix) – 4:04
"Frontier Psychiatrist" (85% Instrumental) – 4:02
Credits and personnel[edit]
Personnel
Bobbydazzler (aka Robbie Chater and Darren Seltmann) – producer, mixing, arrangement
Robbie Chater – arrangement, producer, songwriter, mixing, Yamaha Promix 01 and Akai S2000 samplers
Tony Diblasi – songwriter
Dexter Fabay – songwriter, turntables
Bert Kaempfert – songwriter
Mike Marsh (aka Mike's) – mastering
Gordon McQuilten – songwriter
Herbert Rehbein – songwriter
Darren Seltmann – arrangement, producer, songwriter, mixing, Yamaha Promix 01 and Akai S2000 samplers
Carl Sigman – songwriter
Credits adapted from CD single liner notes[20] and Since I Left You liner notes.[7]
Charts[edit]
Chart (2001)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[21]
49
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[22]
18
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Wayne And Shuster – In Person Comedy Performance". Discogs. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
^ Jump up to: a b c LeMay, Matt (1 November 2001). "Interviews: The Avalanches". Pitchfork Media. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Avalanches Start A Landslide". Billboard. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Pytlik, Mark (November 2002). "The Avalanches: The Avalanches Darren Seltmann & Robbie Chater". Sound on Sound. SOS Publications Group. Archived from the original on 21 August 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2009.
Jump up ^ "Artist Profile – Avalanches". EMI. Archived from the original on 24 November 2008. Retrieved 25 September 2009.
Jump up ^ McKinnon, Luke (6 May 2010). "DJ Dexter - interview". Thevine.com.au. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Since I Left You (Digipak inside sleeve). The Avalanches. Sire / Modular. 2001. 31177-2.
^ Jump up to: a b Dimery, Robert, ed. (2010). 1001 Songs You Must Hear Before You Die. Cassell. p. 793. ISBN 1-84403-684-7.
Jump up ^ "Frontier Psychiatrist - The Avalanches". Inthemix.com.au. 9 September 2001. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Frontier Psychiatrist (The Samples)". youtube.com. 17 November 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
Jump up ^ ""Silvana Mangano (el negro zumbón) from ANNA movie of 1951"". Dino de Laurentiis Cinematografica. Retrieved February 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ Savlov, Marc (2 November 2001). "Music: Review – The Avalanches". The Austin Chronicle. Austin Chronicle Corp. (Nick Barbaro). Retrieved 25 September 2009.
Jump up ^ LeMay, Matt (31 December 1999). "Avalanches > Since I Left You". Pitchfork Media (Ryan Schreiber). Archived from the original on 18 June 2008. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Hsieh, Christine. "The Avalanches: Since I Left You". PopMatters. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Hornby, Nick (2002). Songbook. Penguin Books Ltd. ISBN 0-14-101340-0.
^ Jump up to: a b Plagenhoef, Scott (31 August 2009). "Staff Lists: The Top 50 Music Videos of the 2000s". Pitchfork Media. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Discography". The Avalanches Official Website. Archived from the original on 20 August 2008. Retrieved 9 March 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Avalanches - The Official Charts Company". theofficialcharts.com. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Avalanches – Frontier Psychiatrist (Song)". Australian-charts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Frontier Psychiatrist (liner notes). The Avalanches. XL Recordings. 2001. XLT 134.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – The Avalanches – Frontier Psychiatrist". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "Avalanches: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
The Avalanches - 'Frontier Psychiatrist' music video
[show]
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Since I Left You
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...Ish by 1927 (1989)
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Baby Animals by Baby Animals (1992)
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Get on Board by The Badloves (1994)
Frogstomp by Silverchair (1995)
Tu-Plang by Regurgitator (1996)
Savage Garden by Savage Garden (1997)
Left of the Middle by Natalie Imbruglia (1998)
The Living End by The Living End (1999)
Reflector by Killing Heidi (2000)
Since I Left You by The Avalanches (2001)
Polyserena by George (2002)
Innocent Eyes by Delta Goodrem (2003)
Get Born by Jet (2004)
The Sound of White by Missy Higgins (2005)
Wolfmother by Wolfmother (2006)
Sneaky Sound System by Sneaky Sound System (2007)
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"That's When I Think of You" by 1927 (1989)
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"Shut My Eyes" / "Eight Step Rail" by The Superjesus (1997)
"Torn" by Natalie Imbruglia (1998)
"Lucky Star" by Alex Lloyd (1999)
"Get Set" by Taxiride (1999)
"Don't Call Me Baby" by Madison Avenue (2000)
"Frontier Psychiatrist" by The Avalanches (2001)
"Get Free" by The Vines (2002)
"Born to Try" by Delta Goodrem (2003)
"Are You Gonna Be My Girl" by Jet (2004)
"O Yeah" by End of Fashion (2005)
"Forever Young" by Youth Group (2006)
"Just a Song About Ping Pong" by Operator Please (2007)
"Sweet About Me" by Gabriella Cilmi (2008)
"My Delirium" by Ladyhawke (2009)
"Feeding Line" by Boy & Bear (2011)
Release
I Believe You Liar by Megan Washington (2010)
Falling & Flying by 360 (2012)
Flume by Flume (2013)
The New Classic by Iggy Azalea (2014)
Sometimes I Sit and Think, and Sometimes I Just Sit by Courtney Barnett (2015)
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3's & 7's
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"3s & 7s"
Single by Queens of the Stone Age
from the album Era Vulgaris
Released
June 4, 2007
Format
CD
7" vinyl
Genre
Hard rock
stoner rock
garage rock
blues rock
Length
3:34
Label
Interscope
Songwriter(s)
Joey Castillo
Josh Homme
Troy Van Leeuwen
Producer(s)
Chris Goss
Josh Homme
Queens of the Stone Age singles chronology
"Sick, Sick, Sick"
(2007) "3s & 7s"
(2007) "The Fun Machine Took a Shit & Died"
(2007)
Alternative cover
Cover of the limited edition Vinyl release
"3s & 7s" is the second single by Queens of the Stone Age from their 2007 album Era Vulgaris. It was released on June 4, 2007 and followed the digital download-only "Sick, Sick, Sick".[1] The single debuted at number one on the United Kingdom rock chart[2] and number nineteen on the official UK top 40 singles chart.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Track listings
1.1 CD
1.2 7" - 1
1.3 7" - 2
2 Other versions
3 Music video
4 Personnel
5 Charts
6 References
7 External links
Track listings[edit]
CD[edit]
"3s & 7s" – 3:34
"Christian Brothers" – 4:25 (Elliott Smith cover)
7" - 1[edit]
A: "3s & 7s" – 3:34
B1: "Sick, Sick, Sick" – 3:34
B2: "I'm Designer – Remix" – 3:49
7" - 2[edit]
A: "3s & 7s" – 3:34
B1: "Sick, Sick, Sick" – 3:34
B2: "Goin' Out West" – 3:26 (Tom Waits cover)
Other versions[edit]
There are two other versions of this song.
"3s & 7s" - 3:37 (Pre-Version)
"3s & 7s" - 3:17 (Radio Edit)
The pre-version of the song that was uploaded to the band's Myspace page features different vocal notes during the first half of the bridge, and different lyrics in the second half. The lyrics that appear in the Era Vulgaris version are;
What'd you do? Say it with a smile
Boy, making us all forget
What'd you do? Say it with a smile
Boy, making us all forget
Making us all forget, making us all forget
And the pre-version's lyrics are:
The truth has always had three sides:
Mine, yours and how it went
The truth has always been a lie
but I’m never telling it
Making you all forget
Making you all forget
I swear it to god
Music video[edit]
A video for the song was shot in Joshua Tree and directed by Paul Minor, whose previous music promo work included "Starlight" by Muse. After a number of images were placed on photo-sharing website Flickr, the video in its entirety was added to iFilm on September 26, 2007, a full three months after the single's European release. The video itself is a trailer for a fake movie entitled "3s & 7s" and is shot in a similar style to the exploitation films of the 1960s and the 2007 film Grindhouse. Two versions of the video exist. The first version of the video contained full-frontal nudity. This version was then re-edited to remove all nudity, and the first version was then replaced with version two.
Personnel[edit]
Josh Homme – vocals, lead guitar, bass, electric piano
Troy Van Leeuwen – rhythm guitar, lap steel guitar
Joey Castillo – drums
Charts[edit]
Chart (2007)
Peak
position
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[4] 19
UK Rock and Metal (Official Charts Company)[5] 1
US Alternative Songs (Billboard)[6] 25
References[edit]
Jump up ^ QOTSA unveil new album artwork, Uncut.com Archived May 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Top 40 Rock Singles : 10.06.2007". BBC.co.uk. 2007-06-10. Archived from the original on 2009-06-29. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
Jump up ^ "Queens of the Stone Age – 3s & 7s – chart trajectory". Chart Stats. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
Jump up ^ "Queens of the Stone Age: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "Official Rock & Metal Singles Chart Top 40". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "Queens of the Stone Age Chart History (Alternative Songs)". Billboard.
External links[edit]
"3s & 7s" Official music video on YouTube
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
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Nail file
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Nail files
A nail file is a tool used to gently grind down and shape the edges of nails. They are often used in manicures and pedicures after the nail has been trimmed using appropriate nail clippers. Nail files may either be emery boards, ceramic, glass, crystal, plain metal files or metal files coated with corundum.
Contents
[hide]
1 Materials
1.1 Emery board
1.1.1 Emery pitches
1.2 Glass
2 History
3 See also
4 References
Materials[edit]
Emery board[edit]
An emery board
Emery boards are small flat objects which have emery or emery paper glued to them, making them both abrasive and flexible, used for fingernail and toenail care. They are used by manicurists to shape and smooth the nail during manicure and pedicure sessions. Emery boards are inexpensive and disposable, making them a sanitary alternative to metal nail files. The emery board was first patented by J. Parker Pray of New York in 1883.[1]
Emery boards are generally less abrasive than the metal nail files, and hence, emery boards may take longer to file down nails than metal nail files. However, nail files may play a role in disease transmission if they are used on more than one person without adequate sterilization. Emery boards are usually less expensive than metal nail files, therefore emery boards can be economically disposed of after use on a single person. The nail can be smoothed and shaped accurately by taking light, even strokes in one direction across the top of the nail. Twenty to thirty easy strokes can typically shorten excessively long fingernails, while five to ten strokes are sufficient for shaping the nails.
Guitar players have also been known to use emery boards to smooth out calluses which may snag the strings of their guitars.[2]
Emery pitches[edit]
Baseball pitchers and cricket bowlers have been known to use emery boards to scuff the outside of the ball. The roughness can offer more grip and hand control. Surface scratches also alter the ball's aerodynamics making it more susceptible to spin and movement when in flight. However, the deliberate manipulation of the ball using an emery board is classified as cheating in baseball and cricket.
In an infamous 1987 Major League Baseball incident, Joe Niekro of the Minnesota Twins was caught with an emery board in his pocket and suspended for ten games. He claimed it was for filing his nails.[3][4]
Glass[edit]
Glass nail files are more recently available. Since glass nail files have a smoother and more even surface they do not splinter the nail like emery boards or metal nail files.[citation needed] This makes them a preferred instrument by manicurists, although they are sometimes difficult to find in stores. Glass nail files come in very different qualities, some of them solid glass, others merely glass covered with an abrasive surface.
History[edit]
Although the modern nail file only appeared at the end of the 19th century, evidence of nail file-like tools exist even further back in history. Marie Antoinette was known for her obsession with the lime à ongles, which was a nail file-like tool made of pumice stone. When her perfectly shaped nails were seen, it became the latest female trend in the French Court of Versailles. The pumice stone was carved into a pencil like shape, which was used to trim and shape the edges of the nail. This tool would not be disposed after use, but would be hand washed by the maids and placed by the bathtub to be used again.
See also[edit]
Look up nail file in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Nail buffing
References[edit]
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Jump up ^ U.S. Patent D15,041
Jump up ^ http://www.edgenails.co.uk Using Nail Files
Jump up ^ Terbush, Jon (3 May 2013). "Spitballs, nail files, and other ways pitchers cheat". theweek.com. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Penner, Mike (4 August 1987). "Embarrassing Night for Niekro and Angels : Twins' Pitcher Ejected When Emery Board Is Found; Minnesota Romps". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
[1]
[2]
Jump up ^ https://www.polishperfect.co/10-best-electric-drills-nail-filing-systems-for-beginners/
Jump up ^ http://nails-market.com.ua/catalog/pilki-i-bafy
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