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In the Pines
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For other uses, see In the Pines (disambiguation).
"In the Pines"
Song
Published
1917
Songwriter(s)
Traditional
"In the Pines", also known as "Where Did You Sleep Last Night?" and "Black Girl", is a traditional American folk song originating from two songs, "In the Pines" and "The Longest Train", both of which whose authorship is unknown and date back to at least the 1870s. (Some contend an older, Irish history) The songs originated in the Southern Appalachian area of the United States in the contiguous areas of Eastern Tennessee and Kentucky, Western North Carolina and Northern Georgia.[1][2]
Versions of the song have been recorded by many artists in numerous genres, but it is most often associated with American blues musician Lead Belly and American bluegrass musician Bill Monroe, both of whom recorded very different versions of the song in the 1940s and 1950s.[3]
A version of the song performed by The Four Pennies reached the UK top-twenty in 1964.[4] A live performance by the American grunge band Nirvana reinterpreted Lead Belly's version and was recorded during their MTV Unplugged performance in 1993.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early history
2 Influential versions
2.1 Bill Monroe
2.2 Lead Belly
2.3 Cajun versions
2.4 The Four Pennies
2.5 Mark Lanegan/Nirvana
2.6 Other versions
3 In popular culture
3.1 In film
3.2 In literature
3.3 In television
3.4 In video games
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Early history[edit]
Like numerous other folk songs, "In the Pines" was passed on from one generation and locale to the next by word of mouth. The first printed version of the song, compiled by Cecil Sharp, appeared in 1917, and comprised just four lines and a melody. The lines are:
Black girl, black girl, don't lie to me
Where did you stay last night?
I stayed in the pines where the sun never shines
And shivered when the cold wind blows
In 1925, a version of the song was recorded onto phonograph cylinder by a folk collector. This was the first documentation of "The Longest Train" variant of the song, which includes a verse about "The longest train I ever saw". This verse probably began as a separate song that later merged into "In the Pines". Lyrics in some versions about "Joe Brown's coal mine" and "the Georgia line" may refer to Joseph E. Brown, a former Governor of Georgia, who famously leased convicts to operate coal mines in the 1870s. While early renditions which mention the head in the "driver's wheel" make clear that the decapitation was caused by the train, some later versions would omit the reference to the train and reattribute the cause. As music historian Norm Cohen pointed out in his 1981 book, Long Steel Rail: The Railroad in American Folksong, the song came to consist of three frequent elements: a chorus about "in the pines", a verse about "the longest train" and a verse about a decapitation, but not all elements are present in all versions.[6][7]
Starting in 1926, commercial recordings of the song were made by various folk and bluegrass bands. In her 1970 Ph.D. dissertation, Judith McCulloh (1935-2014) found 160 permutations of the song.[8] As well as rearrangement of the three frequent elements, the person who goes into the pines, or who is decapitated, is described as a man, woman, adolescent, husband, wife, or parent, while the pines can be seen as representing sexuality, death, or loneliness. The train is described as killing a loved one, as taking one's beloved away, or as leaving an itinerant worker far from home.[6]
In variants in which the song describes a confrontation, the person being challenged is always a woman. The folk version by the Kossoy Sisters asks, "Little girl, little girl, where'd you stay last night? Not even your mother knows." The reply to the question, "Where did you get that dress/ And those shoes that are so fine?" from one version is, "From a man in the mines/Who sleeps in the pines."[6] The theme of a woman being caught doing something she should not is thus also common to many variants. One variant, performed in the early twentieth century by the Ellison clan (Ora Ellison, deceased) in Lookout Mountain, Georgia, tells of a young Georgia girl who flees to the pines after being raped. Her rapist, a male soldier, is later beheaded by the train.
Some versions of the song also reference the Great Depression, with the "black girl" being a hobo on the move from the police, who witnesses the murder of her father while train-jumping. She hides from this by sleeping in the pines, in the cold.
Influential versions[edit]
Bill Monroe[edit]
Bill Monroe's 1941 and 1952 recordings, both under the title "In the Pines", were highly influential on later bluegrass and country versions. Recorded with his Bluegrass Boys and featuring fiddles and yodelling, they represent the "longest train" variant of the song, and omit any reference to a decapitation. However, as Eric Weisbard writes in a 1994 article in The New York Times, "...the enigmatic train is almost as frightening, suggesting an eternal passage: 'I asked my captain for the time of day/He said he throwed his watch away.'"[6]
Lead Belly[edit]
Huddie Ledbetter, a.k.a. Lead Belly, recorded over half-a-dozen versions between 1944 and 1948, most often under the title, "Black Girl" or "Black Gal". His first rendition, for Musicraft Records in New York City in February 1944, is arguably his most familiar. Listed as "Where Did You Sleep Last Night", this version appears on a number of Lead Belly "best-of" compilations, such as Absolutely the Best (2000).
Another familiar version was recorded for Moses Asch, founder of Folkways Records, in New York City. Listed as "Black Girl" or "In the Pines", this version appears on compilations such as Where Did You Sleep Last Night – Lead Belly Legacy Vol. 1 (1996), and The Definitive Lead Belly (2008).
Lead Belly is often said to be the author of the song, e.g. by Nirvana on their MTV Unplugged album in 1994. However, Lead Belly didn't write the song, but reinterpreted it, as did other musicians before and after him. According to the American folklorist Alan Lomax, Lead Belly learned the song from someone's interpretation of the 1917 version compiled by Cecil Sharp, and by the 1925 phonograph recording.[6]
Cajun versions[edit]
"In the Pines", converted into the Cajun French language and sung under the titles "Pine Grove Blues" or "Ma Negresse", became one of the landmark songs of Cajun music. The song is most associated with Nathan Abshire, the Louisiana Cajun accordion player, for whom "Pine Grove Blues" was his biggest hit. His melody is a hard-driving blues, but the lyrics, when translated to English, are the familiar "Hey, my girl, where did you sleep last night?" The Cajun French word "negresse" and the masculine counterpart "negre" are terms of endearment without regard to race.[citation needed] He recorded it at least three times, from the 1940s onward. Since then, Abshire's version has been covered by a wide variety of Cajun and zydeco musicians, including the Pine Leaf Boys, the Lost Bayou Ramblers, Beau Jocque, and Cedric Watson.
The Four Pennies[edit]
The Four Pennies recorded and released the song as "Black Girl" in October 1964. Their version reached No. 20 in the UK,[4] but was not released by their label in the US.[9]
Mark Lanegan/Nirvana[edit]
"Where Did You Sleep Last Night"
Song by Nirvana
from the album MTV Unplugged in New York
Released
1 November 1994
Recorded
November 18, 1993 at Sony Music Studios in New York City
Length
5.08
Label
DGC Records
Songwriter(s)
Lead Belly
Producer(s)
Alex Coletti, Scott Litt, Nirvana
MTV Unplugged in New York track listing
13 tracks [show]
"About a Girl"
"Come as You Are"
"Jesus Doesn't Want Me for a Sunbeam"
"The Man Who Sold the World"
"Pennyroyal Tea"
"Dumb"
"Polly"
"On a Plain"
"Something in the Way"
"Plateau"
"Oh, Me"
"Lake of Fire"
"All Apologies"
"Where Did You Sleep Last Night"
Nirvana occasionally performed the song during the early 1990s. Singer/guitarist Kurt Cobain was introduced to the song by fellow Seattle musician Mark Lanegan, and played guitar on a version on Lanegan's 1990 album, The Winding Sheet. Like Lanegan, Cobain usually screamed its final verse.
It is likely that Cobain referenced Lead Belly's 1944 Musicraft version for his interpretation of the song; Lanegan owned an original 78 rpm record of this version,[6] and it is the one that Cobain's version most closely resembles in terms of lyrics, form and title. In a 2009 MTV article, Kurt Loder remembers discussing the song's title with Cobain, with Cobain insisting, "But the Leadbelly version is called 'Where Did You Sleep Last Night,'" and Loder preferring the "In the Pines" title used by Bill Monroe (as well as Lead Belly).[10]
Cobain earned critical acclaim for his acoustic performance of the song during Nirvana's MTV Unplugged appearance in 1993. Canadian musician Neil Young described Cobain's vocals during the final screamed verse as "Unearthly, like a werewolf, unbelievable."[11] This version was originally sanctioned to be released as a b-side to the band's "Pennyroyal Tea" single in 1994, but the single was cancelled following Cobain's death in April 1994. It was posthumously released on the band's MTV Unplugged in New York album in November 1994, and as a promotional single from the album.[12] In 2002 the song featured as a bonus track on Nirvana's "best of" compilation album Nirvana. A solo Cobain home demo, recorded in 1990, appears on the band's 2004 rarities box set, With the Lights Out.
Nirvana's chart positions
Chart (1995)
Position
French Airplay Chart[13] 62
Other versions[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Dock Walsh recorded the first known commercial version April 17, 1926 (Columbia mastered W142031-1; released on 15094-D, September 20, 1926).
Darby and Tarlton recorded the song in 1927 as Lonesome In The Pines, and reworked it as Lonesome Railroad in 1928.
Roscoe Holcomb recorded a version, available on The High Lonesome Sound.
The Louvin Brothers' version appears on the 1956 album, Tragic Songs of Life.
Dave Van Ronk's version appears on The Folkway Years 1959–1961.
The New Christy Minstrels recorded a version for their 1961 Columbia Records debut album.
Joan Baez's version appears on Very Early Joan, which includes performances from 1961 and 1963.
Fred Gerlach's version, titled "Little Girl", appears on his album Twelve-String Guitar, released on Folkways Records in 1962.
Doc Watson often performed the song, and a live recording exists, dating from the 1960s.
Marianne Faithfull recorded a version of the song for her 1965 album Come My Way.
Jackson C. Frank recorded "In The Pines", which was released on the unreleased tracks and demos compilation Fixin' to Die.
Tiny Tim's version is the B-side of his single "April Showers", in 1966.
Grateful Dead recorded the song on July 17, 1966. It appears on their 2001 box set, The Golden Road.
Jerry Reed recorded a version on Jerry Reed Explores Guitar Country, released in 1969.
Long John Baldry's "Black Girl", a duet with Maggie Bell, appears on his 1971 album It Ain't Easy. A rendition also appears on Long John Baldry Trio-Live (1999).
Link Wray recorded two versions titled "Georgia Pines" and "In the Pines" on his 1973 folk rock release Beans and Fatback.
Gene Clark recorded the song for his 1977 album Two Sides to Every Story.
Charlie Feathers recorded a version in the 1980s in Memphis.
The Oak Ridge Boys recorded "In the Pines" on their 1983 album, Deliver.
Dolly Parton's version appears on her 1994 album Heartsongs: Live from Home.[6]
Odetta recorded the song for her 2001 Lead Belly tribute album, Looking for a Home – Thanks to Leadbelly.
Pete Seeger's version of "Black Girl" appears on the 2002 Smithsonian Folkways re-release of recordings from the 1950s and 1960s entitled American Favorite Ballads, Vol. 1.
Josh White's version of "Black Girl" appears on his 1955 album, 25th Anniversary: The Story of John Henry, A Musical Narrative. Another version appears on New York to London (2002).
R. Crumb performed the song in Hamburg, Germany in 2003. The only known release is on R. Crumb's Music Sampler, included with the R. Crumb Handbook.
(Smog)'s version appears on his 2005 album A River Ain't Too Much to Love.
Ralph Stanley and Jimmy Martin's version appears on their album First Time Together, released in 2005.
Jack Rose's version appears on his 2010 EP Ragged and Right.
Laura Gibson's version appears as a b-side on her single La Grande[14]
Kid Cudi and Dot da Genius, known collectively as WZRD, recorded a rendition on their eponymous 2012 album.
My Own Private Alaska on the album "Amen" (2010).
Joe Banfi "Where Did You Sleep Last Night?" on the EP "Iron" in 2012
Brad Paisley contributed a version of the song to the Orthophonic Joy collection released in 2015.
Loretta Lynn recorded a cover for her 2016 album Full Circle.
The Journeymen recorded a cover of this song, titled "Black Girl", for their eponymous album in 1961.
The Finnish rock group Lasten Hautausmaa recorded a cover of the song in Finnish with the name "Tyttöni" ("My Girl") to close their 2015 eponymous debut LP.[1][2]
In popular culture[edit]
In film[edit]
A version of the song is sung during Elia Kazan's 1960 film, Wild River.
A few lines of the song are sung by Sissy Spacek in the Loretta Lynn biopic, Coal Miner's Daughter.
In literature[edit]
Danzy Senna titled her memoir "Where Did You Sleep Last Night? A Personal History" after this song in memory of her paternal grandmother.
In 2007, Czech-American writer-singer Natálie Kocábová used a strophe of "Where Did You Sleep Last Night" for the opening of her novella Růže: Cesta za světlem... ("Rose: A Way to the Light").[15]
In television[edit]
A version of the song is used in the trailer for American Gods, and appears in the first episode of the series.
The song becomes an important plot point in the fourth series of Ripper Street.
A version of it appears in the opening scene of the Marvel's The Defenders seventh episode "Fish in the Jailhouse"
In video games[edit]
A rendition by Jared Emerson-Johnson and Janel Drewis is played during the closing credits of The Walking Dead: Season Two - Episode 2: A House Divided released in 2014.[16]
See also[edit]
List of train songs
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Cohen, Norm (2000), Long Steel Rail: The Railroad in American Folk Song. Chicago, University of Illinois Press, pp. 491-496. ISBN 0252068815. Accessed 2017-09-30.
Jump up ^ "In the Pines", Second Hand Songs. Accessed 2017-19-30.
Jump up ^ "Five Good Covers: In The Pines (Where Did You Sleep Last Night)", [www.covermesongs.com Cover Me]. Accessed 2017-09-30.
^ Jump up to: a b Seida, Linda. "The Four Pennies – Music Biography, Credits and Discography". AllMusic. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ MTV Unplugged in New York (1993), DGC Records.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Weisbard, Eric (November 13, 1994). "A Simple Song That Lives Beyond Time". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ Cohen, Norm (2000). Long Steel Rail: The Railroad in American Folksong (2 ed.). p. 459. ISBN 978-0-252-06881-2.
Jump up ^ McCulloh, Judith Marie (1970), In the Pines: The Melodic-Textual Identity of an American Lyric Folksong Cluster (Ph.D. dissertation, Folklore)|format= requires |url= (help), Indiana University
Jump up ^ "The Four Pennies – Discover music, videos, concerts, stats, & pictures at". Last.fm. March 22, 2012. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kurt Loder (April 8, 2009). "Nirvana's Kurt Cobain: Still Missed". MTV.com. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Nirvana's Tense, Brilliant Unplugged in New York, 20 Years Later". The Atlantic. December 12, 2013. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ Nirvana - Where Did You Sleep Last Night Discogs.com. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ "InfoDisc : Accès direct à ces Artistes (The user must select "Nirvana" from the dropdown list)". Infodisc.fr. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Laura Gibson - La Grande b/w In the Pines". Discogs.
Jump up ^ Horáková, Hana (August 15, 2010). "Cesta Natálie Kocáb". VašeLiteratura (in Czech). VašeLiteratura. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ /. "Telltale Games". Telltalegames.bandcamp.com. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Where Did You Sleep Last Night
Nirvana's version of the Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
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Cost of raising a child
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The cost of raising a child varies from country to country.
The cost of raising a child is usually determined according to a formula that accounts for major areas of expenditure, such as food, housing, and clothing. However, any given family's actual expenses may differ from the estimates. For example, the rent on a home does not usually change when the tenants have another child, so the family's housing costs may remain the same. In other cases, the home may be too small, in which case the family might move to a larger home at a higher cost.
Contents
[hide]
1 Developing countries
2 United Kingdom
3 United States
3.1 Dual-Parent Family - USDA Average Spending per Child (not the basic cost of raising)
3.2 Single-Parent Family - USDA Average Spending per Child (not the basic cost of raising)
4 India
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Developing countries[edit]
According to Globalissues.org, "Almost half the world — over three billion people — live on less than $2.50 a day."[1] This statistic includes children. Based on UNICEF statistics, in developing countries the cost is roughly US$900 for raising a child for a year, and US$16,200 for raising a child from birth to age 17.[2] (This calculation is difficult, since families in developing countries often do not operate with currency, but barter or trade to provide for their children.)[3] Half of all children in the world live in poverty.[2]
United Kingdom[edit]
The annual LV= (Liverpool Victoria) Cost of a Child report calculates the cost of raising a child from birth to 21 years old. The latest report puts the cost as £231,843.[4] The Cost of a child calculations, from birth to 21 years, were compiled by the Centre of Economic and Business Research (CEBR) for LV= in December 2015 and are based on the cost for the 21-year period to December 2015. Additional research was conducted by Opinium Research LLP from 22 to 27 January 2016. The total sample size was 1,000 UK adults with children under the age of 18 and was conducted online. Results have been weighted to nationally representative criteria
United States[edit]
The tax exemption per child is $3,900 in 2013 which is based on the basic cost of raising a child. Plus there is a tax credit up to $1000 for each child.citation needed
Based on a survey by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the table below shows the estimated Average Spending on Children by Families. The data comes from the Consumer Expenditure Survey by the U.S. Department of Labor, conducted from 2005-06. The figures have been updated to 2011 dollars using the Consumer Price Index. However, some dispute the numbers as being biased high for political reasons (e.g., Texas A&M University Finance Professor H. Swint Friday: "The numbers, reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, are outrageously misleading. Often government statistics are produced for political objectives that cause the research methodology to be biased toward finding the highest dollar amount to support the objective."[5]).
These figures from the USDA go up to age 18, and do not include any college or university education. Nor does it offer any spending estimates if the child remains in the home as a dependent after the age of 18.[6]
Both tables are for the United States overall, not based on any specific region in the country.
Dual-Parent Family - USDA Average Spending per Child (not the basic cost of raising)[edit]
Dual-Parent Family - USDA Average Spending per Child (not the basic cost of raising)[7]
Age
of Child
Housing
Food
Transport.
Clothing
Health
Child Care
/Education
Misc.
Total
Before-tax income: Less than $59,410 (Average = $38,000)
0 to 2 2,990 1,160 1,170 640 630 2,040 420 9,050
3 to 5 2,990 1,260 1,230 500 590 1,910 620 9,100
6 to 8 2,990 1,710 1,350 570 660 1,290 630 8,760
9 to 11 2,990 1,970 1,350 580 710 1,910 630 9,520
12 to 14 2,990 2,130 1,480 690 1,090 1,110 700 9,960
15 to 17 2,990 2,120 1,630 730 1,010 1,290 580 9,970
Total 53,820 31,050 24,630 11,130 14,070 23,640 10,740 169,080
Before-tax income: $59,410 to $102,870 (Average = $79,940)
0 to 2 3,920 1,405 1,690 760 850 2,860 890 12,370
3 to 5 3,920 1,490 1,740 610 800 2,740 1,090 12,390
6 to 8 3,920 2,100 1,860 680 940 1,680 1,110 12,290
9 to 11 3,920 2,400 1,870 710 1,000 2,110 1,100 13,110
12 to 14 3,920 2,580 1,990 840 1,410 1,910 1,170 13,820
15 to 17 3,920 2,570 2,150 900 1,330 2,400 1,050 14,320
Total 70,560 37,620 33,900 13,500 18,990 41,100 19,230 234,900
Before-tax income: More than $102,870 (Average = $180,040)
0 to 2 7,100 1,900 2,550 1,050 980 5,090 1,790 20,460
3 to 5 7,100 2,000 2,610 880 930 4,970 1,990 20,480
6 to 8 7,100 2,630 2,730 970 1,080 3,910 2,000 20,420
9 to 11 7,100 2,980 2,730 1,010 1,150 4,350 2,000 21,320
12 to 14 7,100 3,190 2,860 1,170 1,610 4,700 2,070 22,700
15 to 17 7,100 3,180 3,020 1,280 1,520 6,460 1,950 24,510
Total 127,800 47,640 49,500 19,080 21,810 88,440 35,400 389,670
All numbers are in US dollars.
Also notice that the dual parent and solo parent charts use different income ranges so that direct comparison between the two should be undertaken with care.
Single-Parent Family - USDA Average Spending per Child (not the basic cost of raising)[edit]
Single-Parent Family - USDA Average Spending per Child (not the basic cost of raising)[7]
Age
of Child
Housing
Food
Transport.
Clothing
Health
Child care
/Education
Misc.
Total
Before-tax income: Less than $40,410 (Average = $18,350)
0 to 2 2,840 1,400 680 410 520 1,400 510 7,760
3 to 5 2,840 1,370 920 330 600 1,940 610 8,610
6 to 8 2,840 1,830 1,030 340 670 1,940 780 8,450
9 to 11 2,840 2,010 1,060 400 620 1,360 740 9,030
12 to 14 2,840 2,150 1,130 420 940 1,120 840 9,440
15 to 17 2,840 2,270 1,130 460 930 880 670 9,180
Total 51,120 33,090 17,850 7,080 12,840 22,980 12,450 157,410
Before-tax income: $59,410 or more (Average = $107,820)
0 to 2 5,880 2,080 1,920 590 980 3,670 1,650 16,770
3 to 5 5,880 2,070 2,160 500 1,090 4,210 1,750 17,660
6 to 8 5,880 2,680 2,260 530 1,180 3,350 1,930 17,810
9 to 11 5,880 3,000 2,300 610 1,110 3,880 1,880 18,660
12 to 14 5,880 3,080 2,370 650 1,560 4,150 1,980 19,670
15 to 17 5,880 3,220 2,370 730 1,550 5,010 1,810 20,570
Total 105,840 48,390 40,140 10,830 22,410 72,810 33,000 333,420
All numbers are in US dollars.
India[edit]
Based on an estimate by Economic Times in April 2011, the cost of raising a child from birth to age of majority (21 Years) for a middle to upper-middle income family comes to about ₹55 lakh (US$87,000) in total.[8]
Cost break up is as follows:
Cost of raising a child in India (as of April, 2011)
Expenditure Class
Estimated Cost (Rs. Lakh)
% of Cost
Education 25.19 46%
Housing 10.40 19%
Entertainment 6.57 12%
Clothing 3.29 6%
Food 2.74 5%
Transportation 2.74 5%
Healthcare 2.19 4%
Others 1.64 3%
Total
54.75
100%
Note: Estimate assumes cost of birth, but doesn't consider any major illness in child.
See also[edit]
Only child
Child care
Child support
Childfree
Cost of living
Demographic economics
Family economics
Family planning
Family values
Single parent
Middle class squeeze
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Shah, Anup (September 20, 2010). "Poverty Facts and Stats". Global Issues. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b State of the World's Children, 2005, UNICEF
Jump up ^ Martin Ravallion, Shaohua Chen and Prem Sangraula, Dollar a day revisited, World Bank, May 2008
Jump up ^ "Cost of a child | LV=". www.lv.com. Retrieved 2016-06-27.
Jump up ^ Friday, H. Swint (July 20, 2007). "Cost of raising children not as high as government would have you believe". caller.com. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ http://abcnews.go.com/Business/page?id=4019746
^ Jump up to: a b Lino, Mark. "Expenditures on Children by Families, 2011 (Miscellaneous Publication Number 1528-2011)" (PDF). United States Department of Agriculture, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
Jump up ^ "How much it cost to raise a child" (pdf). report. Economic Times. 18 April 2011. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
External links[edit]
"Raising that '07 baby will cost $204,060 in U.S." - from Reuters, retrieved August 5, 2012.
"Cost of raising children not as high as government would have you believe" - from caller.com, retrieved March 31, 2013.
"Cost of Raising Children in the US" - from Globe Life Insurance, retrieved September 11, 2013
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Sing (2016 American film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Sing
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Garth Jennings
Produced by
Chris Meledandri
Janet Healy
Written by
Garth Jennings
Starring
Matthew McConaughey
Reese Witherspoon
Seth MacFarlane
Scarlett Johansson
John C. Reilly
Taron Egerton
Tori Kelly
Music by
Joby Talbot
Edited by
Gregory Perler[1]
Production
company
Illumination Entertainment
Distributed by
Universal Pictures
Release date
September 11, 2016 (2016-09-11) (TIFF)
December 21, 2016 (2016-12-21) (United States)
Running time
108 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$75 million[2]
Box office
$634.1 million[2]
Sing is a 2016 American computer-animated musical comedy-drama film produced by Illumination Entertainment.[3] It was directed and written by Garth Jennings, co-directed by Christophe Lourdelet[1] and starring the voices of Matthew McConaughey, Reese Witherspoon, Seth MacFarlane, Scarlett Johansson, John C. Reilly, Taron Egerton, and Tori Kelly. The film is about a group of anthropomorphic animals that enter a singing competition, hosted by a koala hoping to save his theater.
The film includes more than 60 songs from famous artists and also has an original song by Stevie Wonder and Ariana Grande called "Faith," which was nominated for a Golden Globe.[4] It screened on the Toronto International Film Festival on September 11, 2016, premiered at Microsoft Theater on December 3, 2016 and was released in the United States on December 21, 2016, by Universal Pictures. The film received generally positive reviews and grossed $634 million worldwide. Along with The Secret Life of Pets, it marked the first time that Illumination Entertainment released two feature films in the same year.
A sequel, entitled Sing 2, has been announced for a release on December 25, 2020.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Voice cast
3 Production
4 Soundtrack
5 Release
5.1 Home media
6 Reception
6.1 Box office
6.2 Critical response
6.3 Accolades
7 Sequel
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
In a world of anthropomorphic animals, koala Buster Moon owns a theater, having been interested in show business since his father took him to his first music show as a child. Following financial problems brought up by the bank representative Judith, he tells his wealthy friend Eddie that he will host a singing competition with a prize of $1,000. But Buster's assistant, Miss Crawly, accidentally appends two extra zeroes, and the promotional fliers showing $100,000 are blown out of Buster's office into the city streets.
Animals from all around the city gather for auditions. Those selected include housewife and mother of 25 piglets Rosita; street musician mouse Mike; mobster's son gorilla Johnny; and punk-rock porcupine Ash. Shy teenage elephant Meena fails her audition out of stage fright, while Ash's boyfriend Lance is dismissed from the contest. Rosita is paired with another contestant, an exuberant pig named Gunter, for a dance routine. Although Buster discovers the flyers show a prize of $100,000 (money he does not have), he remains optimistic. Buster convinces Eddie to arrange a visit with Eddie's grandmother, former opera singer and theater actress Nana Noodleman, to persuade her to sponsor the prize money. She is hesitant to contribute but agrees to see a private screening of the show.
Encouraged by her grandfather, Meena tries to ask Buster for another chance, but becomes his stage hand instead. When one of the acts quits, and another is injured, Meena is added as an act. The performers' individual problems begin to hinder rehearsals: Rosita flounders in her dance routine with Gunter, after having been distracted by her parenting duties that have fallen into disarray. After discovering Lance with a new girlfriend and evicting them from her apartment, Ash is devastated and can no longer sing her assigned song, Carly Rae Jepsen's "Call Me Maybe." Johnny is torn between having to help his father as the driver of a getaway car in a heist and making the practices. When he tries to do both, he does not show up for the planned pickup in time, and his father and his gang are arrested. Meena does not get any help in overcoming her stage fright, and Mike, certain that the prize money is as good as his, buys a fancy car to impress a female mouse, and then swindles a group of bears in a card game at a nightclub.
The day of the screening, the bears interrupt the show, demanding the money from Mike, who in turn, points to Buster. The bears open the chest containing the prize money, but it is nowhere near $100,000. The glass tank full of luminescent squids that Buster got to light up the theater breaks under all their weight, flooding the theater, which then comes crashing down. With the lot repossessed by Judith, Buster, who had been living in his theater's office desk, takes up residence at Eddie's place (his parents' pool house). Although the contestants (besides Mike, who saw Buster as a fraud) visit him and try to cheer him up, Buster is too despondent to listen to them. He tries to start over by opening a car wash, using the same bucket that his father had used to earn money for Buster's theater.
When Meena goes to the theater's rubble lot and sings Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah," Buster hears her and is inspired to reinstate the show without the prize money. They perform on a makeshift stage on the lot in front of Rosita and Meena's family members. As Rosita and Gunter perform Taylor Swift's "Shake It Off," more animals are attracted to the scene as the show is broadcast on the news. Johnny's rendition of Elton John's "I'm Still Standing" impresses his father, who then escapes from prison to reconcile with him. Despite an interruption by Judith, Ash sings her original rock song "Set It All Free." Mike returns to the show and sings Frank Sinatra's "My Way." Meena finally overcomes her fears and sings Stevie Wonder's "Don't You Worry 'bout a Thing," which literally brings down the house. The show becomes a success and impresses Nana, who was in the audience. Nana buys the lot and the theater is rebuilt and reopened.
Voice cast[edit]
Matthew McConaughey, Reese Witherspoon, Scarlett Johansson, Tori Kelly, Taron Egerton, and Nick Kroll at the film's premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival.
Matthew McConaughey as Buster Moon, an optimistic koala who plans to save his theater from closure by holding a singing competition.[3][5]
Reese Witherspoon as Rosita, a pig who gave up her teenage music dreams to become a devoted wife to Norman, and mother to their 25 piglets.[5]
Seth MacFarlane as Mike, an arrogant street musician mouse with a big Frank Sinatra-esque voice.[5]
Scarlett Johansson as Ash, a teenage porcupine punk rocker who takes part in an alternative-rock music duo with her boyfriend Lance.[1][5]
John C. Reilly as Eddie Noodleman, a sheep and Buster's friend who doubts the future of the theater.[5][6]
Tori Kelly as Meena, a teenage elephant with an exquisite singing voice and severe stage fright.[5]
Taron Egerton as Johnny, a teenage gorilla who wants to sing, though his father would rather have him follow his criminal footsteps.[5]
Jennifer Saunders as Nana Noodleman, a sheep and Eddie's grandmother who was a singer in her glory days.[7][8]
Jennifer Hudson[1] as Young Nana
Garth Jennings as Miss Crawly, an elderly iguana with a glass eye who is Buster's administrative assistant.[1]
Peter Serafinowicz as Big Daddy, a gorilla gang leader who wants his son Johnny to follow in his crime business.[1]
Nick Kroll as Gunter, a passionate dancing pig who is partnered with Rosita for the show.[9][7]
Beck Bennett as Lance, a porcupine and Ash's boyfriend.[1]
Jay Pharoah[7] as Meena's grandfather who pressures her to overcome her stage fright.
Nick Offerman[7] as Norman, a pig and Rosita's husband.
Leslie Jones as Meena's mother
Rhea Perlman as Judith,[1][10] a brown llama from the bank who warns Buster that his theater will be repossessed if he does not pay.
Laraine Newman as Meena's grandmother
Adam Buxton as Stan, a gorilla who is a member of Big Daddy's gang.
Brad Morris as Baboon, whom Mike attacks for not donating more money to his street performances.
Bill Farmer as News Reporter Dog, who documents Buster's singing competition.
The voices of Rosita's piglet children were provided by Oscar, Leo, Caspar, and Asa Jennings, the children of Garth Jennings, the film's writer and director. Jennings had directors Edgar Wright and Wes Anderson provide "additional voices", continuing a tradition of the three friends appearing in each other's films.[11]
Production[edit]
In January 2014, it was announced that Garth Jennings would write and direct an animated comedy film for Universal Pictures and Illumination Entertainment, about "courage, competition and carrying a tune,"[12] which was originally titled Lunch,[13] and then retitled as Sing.[5]
On January 14, 2015, Matthew McConaughey was cast in the film's lead voice role.[3] Chris Meledandri and Janet Healy produced the film.[3] On June 17, 2015, it was confirmed that McConaughey's character is named Buster and that John C. Reilly would voice Eddie, a sheep and Buster's best friend.[6] In November 2015, it was announced that Reese Witherspoon, Seth MacFarlane, Scarlett Johansson, Tori Kelly and Taron Egerton had joined the cast of the film.[5]
The film features 65 pop songs, the rights to which cost 15 percent of the film's $75 million budget.[14] The animation was created entirely in France by Illumination MacGuff.[15]
Soundtrack[edit]
Main article: Sing: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
A soundtrack album for the film was released on December 21, 2016.
Release[edit]
The almost complete[16] film was screened as a work in progress beginning September 11, 2016 at the Toronto International Film Festival.[17] Universal Studios released the film on December 21, 2016.[18]
Home media[edit]
Sing was released on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, Ultra HD Blu-ray and DVD on March 21, 2017. It includes three short films: Gunter Babysits, Love at First Sight, and Eddie's Life Coach.[19]
In Gunter Babysits, Gunter offers to watch over Rosita and Norman's piglets while they are away as he works to prove himself to be a good babysitter.
In Love at First Sight, Johnny sets Miss Crawly up with an online dating website where she manages to score a date with a lizard named Herman.
In Eddie's Life Coach, Eddie's mother sets Eddie up for a digital training seminar where he will be assigned to a dachshund named Garry "The Winner" Wishman.
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
Sing grossed $270.3 million in the United States and Canada, and $363.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $634.1 million, against a production budget of $75 million.[2] Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $194.2 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenue for the film, making it the 7th most profitable release of 2016.[20]
In North America, the film opened alongside Passengers and Assassin's Creed, and was expected to gross around $70 million from 4,022 theaters over its first six days of release.[21] The film made $1.7 million during its Tuesday night previews.[22] It went on to gross $35.2 million in its opening weekend (a six-day total of $75.5 million), finishing second at the box office behind Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, which was in its second week.[23] Sing holds the record for being the highest-grossing film to never finish first at the North American box office, besting My Big Fat Greek Wedding ($241.4 million in 2002).[24]
Critical response[edit]
On the aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 73% based on 168 reviews, and an average rating of 6.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Sing delivers colorfully animated, cheerfully undemanding entertainment with a solid voice cast and a warm-hearted – albeit familiar – storyline that lives up to its title."[25] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 59 out of 100 based on 37 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews."[26] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[27]
Brian Truitt of USA Today gave the film three-and-a-half out of four stars and wrote, "In a year full of talking-animal hits, Sing isn't quite as strong a number. It's a tale that might not be particularly thought-provoking but sure is toe-tapping."[28] In her review for the Los Angeles Times, Katie Walsh called Sing, "a cute movie with genuinely funny moments (keep an eye out for the koala car wash), and some great tunes to boot."[29] The Arizona Republic's Bill Goodykoontz was rather mixed about the movie in his review and overall said, "Sing is like an album with a good song here and there, but too much filler and not enough hits."[30] Reviewing the version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival, Stefan Pape of the British website HeyUGuys gave the film a mixed review of 2/5, stating that "Garth Jennings's Sing effectively acknowledges early on that it's following a completely unoriginal formula, and yet carries on regardless."[31] While Peter Debruge of Variety, who also saw the film during the same festival, did not find the subplots to have any "profound life lessons," he overall praised Jennings' direction, the cast's voice performances and the film's silliness.[32]
Accolades[edit]
List of awards and nominations
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref(s)
AARP Annual Movies for Grownups Awards February 6, 2017 Best Movie for Grownups who Refuse to Grow Up Sing Nominated [33]
Annie Awards February 4, 2017 Outstanding Achievement, Music in an Animated Feature Production Joby Talbot [34]
Golden Globe Awards January 8, 2017 Best Animated Feature Film Sing [35]
Best Original Song "Faith" – Ryan Tedder, Stevie Wonder and Francis Farewell Starlite
Hollywood Music in Media Awards November 17, 2016 Best Song – Animated Film [36][37]
Best Soundtrack Album Sing: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Outstanding Music Supervision – Film Jojo Villanueva Won
Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards March 11, 2017 Favorite Animated Movie Sing Nominated [38]
Favorite Voice From an Animated Movie Reese Witherspoon
Most Wanted Pet
Favorite Soundtrack Sing
Saturn Awards June 28, 2017 Best Animated Film Nominated [39]
Sequel[edit]
Universal and Illumination have announced plans for a sequel, tentatively titled Sing 2, slated for December 25, 2020.[40]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Felperin, Leslie (September 11, 2016). "'Sing': Film Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Sing (2016)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Kit, Borys (January 14, 2015). "Matthew McConaughey to Star in Illumination Animated Film (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ Amidi, Amid (September 9, 2016). "A Complete List of Every Song in Illumination's 'Sing'". Cartoon Brew. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Truitt, Brian (November 10, 2015). "Sneak peek: A-list animals 'SING' together". USA Today. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Hopewell, John (June 17, 2015). "Annecy: Chris Meledandri on Matthew McConaughey as a Koala Legit Theater Owner, 'The Grinch'". Variety. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Trumbore, Dave (November 11, 2015). "Meet the Animated Animals of Illumination Entertainment's 2016 Musical Comedy, 'Sing'". Collider. Retrieved November 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ Buxton, Adam (April 14, 2016). "EP.16 - Pub Walk With Garth Jennings". soundcloud.com. Retrieved April 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Yuen, Jenny (September 11, 2016). "TIFF 2016: Matthew McConaughey optimistic about 'Sing'". Toronto Sun. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Sing - Full Cast and Credits". Hollywood.com. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ Weintraub, Steve 'Frosty' (2016-12-19). "Garth Jennings on Getting Edgar Wright and Wes Anderson to Provide Voices in 'Sing'". Collider. Retrieved 2017-11-09.
Jump up ^ "'Despicable Me 3′ Set For June 2017 Release; 'Dr. Seuss' How The Grinch Stole Christmas' Arrives Five Months Later". Deadline. January 15, 2014. Retrieved January 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ Hopewell, John (January 8, 2014). "France Fights Bidding War to Lure Hollywood Filmmakers". Variety. Retrieved January 9, 2014. Universal now has “Max” and “Lunch” set up at Illumination MacGuff.
Jump up ^ Kilday, Gregg (December 9, 2016). "Illumination's Chris Meledandri Talks Success Secrets, Rumors He'll Head DreamWorks". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Keslassy, Elsa (2 December 2016). "Oscar's French Animation Connection Draws on Deep Talent Pool".
Jump up ^ Grobar, Matt (December 5, 2016). "'Sing' Director Garth Jennings On Working With "Wizards," The Learning Curve Of His Feature Animation Debut". Deadline. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hammond, Pete (August 23, 2016). "Universal & Illumination To Launch 'Sing' With Live Jennifer Hudson And Tori Kelly Performances At Toronto". Deadline. Retrieved September 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ McClintock, Pamela (January 15, 2014). "Universal Dates 'Despicable Me 3,' New 'Grinch Who Stole Christmas'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ Wolfe, Jennifer (February 14, 2017). "Illumination Entertainment's 'Sing' Headed to Retail". Animation World Network. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike (March 28, 2017). "No. 7 'Sing' Box Office Profits – 2016 Most Valuable Movie Blockbuster Tournament". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Will 'Rogue One' Vanquish The Christmas B.O. Competition?". Deadline.com.
Jump up ^ "'Sing's' Box-Office Debut Tops 'Assassin's Creed,' 'Passengers' in Tuesday Night Previews". The Hollywood Reporter.
Jump up ^ "With 'Fences,' 'La La Land' Enter Top 10 As 'Rogue One' & 'Sing' Rule Holiday – Monday AM Update". Deadline.com. December 27, 2016. Sing* (Ill/Uni) 4,022 locations, 4-day $54.9M, 3-day: $35.2M, 4-day: $13,7K average, Total: $75.5M, 1 wk
Jump up ^ "Top Grossing Movies that never hit #1". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2017-01-31.
Jump up ^ "Sing (2016)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Sing reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved February 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "CinemaScore". CinemaScore. Search "Sing".
Jump up ^ Brian Truitt (December 20, 2016). "Review: Animated 'Sing' is a poppy treat (and Matthew McConaughey sings!)". USA Today. Retrieved March 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Katie Walsh (December 20, 2016). "Packed with pop tunes, 'Sing' discovers the simple fun in putting on a show". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bill Goodykoontz (December 21, 2016). "'Sing' has too much filler, not enough hits". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved March 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ "TIFF 2016: Sing Review - HeyUGuys". Retrieved September 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Peter Debruge (September 11, 2016). "Film Review: 'Sing'". Variety. Retrieved March 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Rahman, Abid (December 15, 2016). "Denzel Washington's 'Fences' Leads Nominations for AARP's Movies for Grownups Awards". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "44th Annie Award Nominees". International Animated Film Society. November 28, 2016. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Golden Globes 2017: The Complete List of Nominations". The Hollywood Reporter. December 12, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Justin Timberlake & Alexandre Desplat Among Winners At Hollywood Music In Media Awards". Deadline. November 18, 2016. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (November 2, 2016). "'La La Land' Scores Three Hollywood Music in Media Nominations". Variety. Retrieved November 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Justin Timberlake and Kevin Hart Lead Nickelodeon's Kids' Choice Awards Nominations". Variety. February 24, 2017. Retrieved February 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (March 2, 2017). "Saturn Awards Nominations 2017: 'Rogue One,' 'Walking Dead' Lead". Variety. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kilday, Gregg (January 25, 2017). "'Sing' Sequel Coming From Illumination and Universal". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
External links[edit]
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People's Postcode Lottery
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view. (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
People's Postcode Lottery is a subscription lottery in Great Britain, run by Postcode Lottery Limited (Gambling Commission licence numbers 000-000829-N-102511 and 000-000829-R-10251[1]).
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Process
3 Beneficiaries
4 Ambassadors
5 Postcode Challenge
6 Sponsorship
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
The Postcode Lottery format was introduced by the Dutch company Novamedia BV, which launched its first postcode lottery in the Netherlands in 1989. Novamedia now runs six lotteries using cause marketing: Nationale Postcode Loterij, Vrienden Loterij and BankGiro Loterij in the Netherlands, Svenska Postkod Lotteriet in Sweden, People's Postcode Lottery in Great Britain and, since July 2016, Deutsche Postcode Lotterie in Germany. Together, they claim to have contributed over €7.9 billion to charitable organisations around the world.[2]
People's Postcode Lottery was launched in the north of England in 2005 as a pilot scheme. After a successful launch, it expanded into Scotland in 2007 and Wales in July 2010. The lottery uses cause marketing, claiming to have been established to raise money for charity and to increase awareness of the work of the various charities and causes supported by its players.
In 2017 Novamedia BV threatened to sue the Free Postcode Lottery (an alternative free service which raises money through advertising and offers daily prizes to registered users) on the basis that they were "passing themselves off" as the People's Postcode Lottery. This claim was made in spite of the fact that the free Postcode lottery was completely free while the Peoples Postcode lottery is a paid for subscription service.
Process[edit]
People's Postcode Lottery is a subscription lottery. Players sign up to pay monthly in advance by direct debit or debit card. There are ten draws each month with prizes every day.
A player's tickets are based on their playing postcode, which is most commonly their home postcode. A given postcode in Britain will usually represent a group of houses. If more than one resident has tickets in a winning postcode, all playing neighbours collect prizes.
In accordance with restrictions under the Gambling Act 2005, the maximum amount which can be won by a single ticket is £400,000 or 10% of the total draw proceeds.
Beneficiaries[edit]
A minimum of 32% goes to various trusts, which in turn provide funding to charities and community projects across Great Britain and internationally.[3] As an external lottery manager, People's Postcode Lottery manages several society lotteries promoted by different charities. Over 4,000 causes have received support.
Ambassadors[edit]
People's Postcode Lottery has a number of celebrity "ambassadors". In March 2018, these included David Attenborough, Clare Balding, Brian Blessed, Judi Dench, Shobna Gulati, Tim Healy, Stephen Jardine, Ellen MacArthur, Aggie MacKenzie, Carey Mulligan, John Stapleton and Emma Thompson[4]. Fiona Phillips became an ambassador for People's Postcode Lottery at the end of 2012, leading the organisation's DRTV campaigns.
Presenters Judie McCourt, Danyl Johnson, Jeff Brazier and Matt Johnson visit People's Postcode Lottery winners to present them with their cheques, attend Postcode Million events and take part in People's Postcode Lottery advertising campaigns.
Postcode Challenge[edit]
From 2008 to 2010, People's Postcode Lottery sponsored Postcode Challenge, a quiz show hosted by Angus Purden on STV.
Sponsorship[edit]
Novamedia has worked with a number of leading TV production companies and public and commercial broadcasters to support the promotion of its lotteries. Novamedia inspired and paid Endemol to produce TV game shows such as Deal or No Deal[citation needed] and 1 vs 100.[citation needed]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Gambling Commission Account details
Jump up ^ Novamedia Website, About Charity Lotteries section[citation needed]
Jump up ^ People's Postcode Lottery - Charities webpage
Jump up ^ People's Postcode Lottery - Ambassadors webpage
External links[edit]
Official website
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Postcode_Lottery&oldid=836422769"
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2005 establishments in the United Kingdom
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