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The Crying Game
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The Crying Game
UK quad poster
Directed by
Neil Jordan
Produced by
Stephen Woolley
Written by
Neil Jordan
Starring
Stephen Rea
Miranda Richardson
Jaye Davidson
Forest Whitaker
Music by
Anne Dudley
Cinematography
Ian Wilson
Edited by
Kant Pan
Production
company
Palace Pictures
Channel Four Films
British Screen
Distributed by
Palace Pictures, Miramax
Release date
18 September 1992 (1992-09-18) (TIFF)
30 October 1992 (1992-10-30) (UK)
Running time
111 minutes[1]
Country
Ireland
United Kingdom
Japan
Language
English
Budget
£2.3 million
Box office
$62.5 million (US)[2]
£2 million (UK)[2]
The Crying Game is a 1992 British-Irish-Japanese thriller film written and directed by Neil Jordan. The film explores themes of race, gender, nationality, and sexuality against the backdrop of the Troubles in Northern Ireland.
The film is about the experiences of the main character, Fergus (Stephen Rea), a member of the IRA, his brief but meaningful encounter with a soldier, Jody (Forest Whitaker), who is held prisoner by the group, and his unexpected romantic relationship with Jody's girlfriend, Dil (Jaye Davidson), whom Fergus promised Jody he would protect. However, unexpected events force Fergus to decide what he wants for the future, and ultimately what his nature dictates he must do.
A critical and commercial success, The Crying Game won the BAFTA Award for Best British Film as well as the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, alongside Oscar nominations for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor for Rea, Best Supporting Actor for Davidson, and Best Film Editing. In 1999, the British Film Institute named it the 26th-greatest British film of all time.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Release
4.1 Critical reception
4.2 Awards and nominations
5 Soundtrack
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
At a fairground in rural Northern Ireland, Provisional IRA volunteer Fergus (Stephen Rea) and a unit of other IRA members, including a woman named Jude (Miranda Richardson) and led by Maguire (Adrian Dunbar), kidnap Jody (Forest Whitaker), a black British soldier, after Jude lures him to a secluded area with the promise of sex. The IRA demands the release of jailed IRA members, threatening to execute Jody in three days if their demands are not met. Fergus is tasked with guarding Jody, and develops a bond with the prisoner, much to the chagrin of the other IRA men. During this time, Jody tells Fergus the story of the Scorpion and the Frog.
Jody persuades Fergus to promise to seek out his girlfriend Dil (Jaye Davidson) in London should Jody be killed. The deadline set by Jody's captors passes, and with none of the IRA's demands being met, Jody is to be executed. When Fergus takes him into the woods to carry out the sentence, Jody makes a break for it. Fergus cannot bring himself to shoot the fleeing Jody in the back, but Jody is accidentally run over and killed by a British armoured personnel carrier as they move in to assault the IRA safe-house. With his IRA companions seemingly dead after the attack, Fergus flees to London, where he takes a job as a day labourer, using the alias "Jimmy". A few months later, Fergus finds Dil at a hair salon. Later they talk in a bar, where he sees her singing "The Crying Game".
Fergus suffers from guilt about Jody's death, and sees him in his dreams bowling a cricket ball to him. He pursues Dil, protecting her from an obsessive suitor and falling in love with her. Later, when he is about to make love to her in her apartment, he discovers that she is transgender. His initial reaction is of revulsion. Rushing to the bathroom to vomit, he accidentally hits Dil in the face. A few days later he leaves her a note, and the two make up. Despite everything, Fergus is still attracted to Dil. Around the same time, Jude unexpectedly reappears in Fergus' apartment. She tells him that the IRA tried and convicted him in absentia, and she forces him to agree to help with a new mission to aid in assassinating a judge. She also mentions that she knows about Fergus and Dil, warning him that the IRA will kill her if Fergus does not co-operate.
Fergus, unable to overcome his feelings for Dil, continues to woo her. To shield her from possible retribution, he gives her a haircut and menswear as a disguise. The night before the IRA mission is to be carried out, Dil gets heavily drunk and Fergus escorts her to her apartment, where she asks him to stay with her. Fergus complies, then admits he had an indirect hand in Jody's death. Dil, drunk, appears not to understand, but in the morning, before Fergus wakes up, Dil ties him to the bed. She unwittingly prevents Fergus from joining the other IRA members and completing the planned assassination. Holding Fergus at gunpoint, Dil forces him to tell her that he loves her and will never leave her. She unties him, saying that, even if he is lying, it is nice to hear his words. Dil then breaks down in tears.
Meanwhile, Jude and Maguire gun the judge down, but Maguire is shot dead by one of the bodyguards. A vengeful Jude enters Dil's flat with a gun, seeking to kill Fergus for missing the assassination. Dil takes several shots at Jude, hitting her, whilst stating that she is aware that Jude was complicit in Jody's death and that Jude used her sexuality to trick him. Dil finally kills Jude with a shot in the neck. She then points the gun at Fergus but lowers her hand, saying that she cannot kill him, because Jody will not allow her to. Fergus prevents Dil from shooting herself and tells her to hide out in the club for a while. When she is gone, he wipes her fingerprints off the gun (replacing them with his own), and allows himself to be arrested in her place.
A few months later, Dil visits Fergus in prison where he is serving six years. After discussing his post-release plans, she asks why he took the fall for her, and he responds, "As a man once said, it's in my nature." He then tells her the story of the Scorpion and the Frog.
Cast[edit]
Stephen Rea as Fergus
Miranda Richardson as Jude
Forest Whitaker as Jody
Jaye Davidson as Dil
Adrian Dunbar as Peter Maguire
Tony Slattery as Deveroux
Jim Broadbent as Col
Birdy Sweeney as Tommy
Ralph Brown as Dave
Production[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2016)
Neil Jordan first drafted the screenplay in the mid-1980s under the title The Soldier's Wife, but shelved the project after a similar film was released. He sought to begin production of the film in the early nineties, but found it difficult to secure financing. Potential investors were discouraged by his recent string of box office flops, as well as the difficult themes of the script; most studio heads believed the role of Dil to be un-castable.
The film went into production with an inadequate patchwork of funding, leading to a stressful and unstable filming process. The producers constantly searched for small amounts of money to keep the production going and pay disgruntled crew members. The film was known as The Soldier's Wife for much of the production, but Stanley Kubrick, who was a friend of Jordan, counselled against the title saying that audiences would expect a war film.
The opening sequence was shot in Laytown, County Meath, Ireland and the rest in London and Burnham Beeches, Buckinghamshire UK.[3]
Release[edit]
The film was shown at festivals in Italy, the US and Canada in September, and originally released in Ireland and the UK in October 1992, where it failed at the box office. Director Neil Jordan, in later interviews, attributed this failure to the film's heavily political undertone, particularly its sympathetic portrayal of an IRA fighter. The bombing of a pub in London is specifically mentioned as turning the English press against the film. (See List of terrorist incidents in London, 12 October 1992.)[4]
The then-fledgling film company Miramax decided to promote the film in the United States where it became a sleeper hit, earning over $60 million at the box office. A memorable advertising campaign generated intense public curiosity by asking audiences not to reveal the film's "secret" to their friends. Jordan also believed the film's success was a result of the film's British/Irish political issues being either lesser-known or completely unknown to American audiences, who thus flocked to the film for what Jordan called "the sexual politics."
The film earned critical acclaim and went on to be nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Film Editing, Best Actor (Rea), Best Supporting Actor (Davidson), and Best Director. Writer-director Jordan finally won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. The film went on to success around the world, including re-releases in Britain and Ireland.
Critical reception[edit]
"Critics in Los Angeles and New York, where 'The Crying Game' opened last week, were ecstatic about Jordan's picture, greeting it with 39 positive reviews, one negative review and six mixed notices, according to Weekly Variety's reviewers poll."[5]
The Crying Game received worldwide acclaim from critics. Roger Ebert gave the film a four-star rating and described it as one that "involves us deeply in the story, and then it reveals that the story is really about something else altogether."[6]
Richard Corliss, in Time magazine, stated "And the secret? Only the meanest critic would give that away, at least initially." He reveals the secret by means of an acrostic, forming a sentence from the first letter of each paragraph.[7]
Considering its discussion of race, nationality, and sexuality, much has been written about The Crying Game. Theorist and author Judith Halberstam analyses the conflicting visual representations of trans people in cinema focusing specifically on The Crying Game's twist. Looking for transgender gaze in film, Halberstam argues that Dil's transvestism and viewer's placement in Fergus's point of view reinforces societal norms instead of challenging them.[8]
It currently maintains a 97% "fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 61 reviews with the consensus: "The Crying Game is famous for its shocking twist, but this thoughtful, haunting mystery grips the viewer from start to finish."[9]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Award
Category
Name
Outcome
Academy Awards Best Picture Stephen Woolley Nominated
Best Director Neil Jordan Nominated
Best Actor Stephen Rea Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Jaye Davidson Nominated
Best Original Screenplay Neil Jordan Won
Best Film Editing Kant Pan Nominated
Golden Globe Awards Best Motion Picture - Drama Stephen Woolley Nominated
BAFTA Awards Best Film Stephen Woolley, Neil Jordan Nominated
Best British Film Stephen Woolley, Neil Jordan Won
Best Direction Neil Jordan Nominated
Best Actor in a Leading Role Stephen Rea Nominated
Best Actor in a Supporting Role Jaye Davidson Nominated
Best Actress in a Supporting Role Miranda Richardson Nominated
Best Original Screenplay Neil Jordan Nominated
Argentine Film Critics Association Awards Silver Condor Award for Best Foreign Film Neil Jordan Nominated
Boston Society of Film Critics Awards Best Screenplay Neil Jordan Won
Chicago Film Critics Association Awards Best Film Stephen Woolley Nominated
Best Foreign Language Film Won
Best Director Neil Jordan Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Miranda Richardson Nominated
Most Promising Actor Jaye Davidson Nominated
Most Promising Actress Jaye Davidson Nominated
Best Screenplay Neil Jordan Nominated
David di Donatello Awards Best Foreign Film Neil Jordan Nominated
Best Foreign Actor Stephen Rea Nominated
Directors Guild of America Awards Outstanding Directing - Feature Film Neil Jordan Nominated
European Film Awards European Achievement of the Year Nik Powell, Stephen Woolley Won
Independent Spirit Awards Best International Film Neil Jordan Won
Goya Awards Best European Film Neil Jordan Nominated
NAACP Image Awards Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture Forest Whitaker Nominated
Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists Nastro d'Argento for Best Foreign Director Neil Jordan Nominated
London Film Critics' Circle Awards British or Irish Director of the Year Neil Jordan Won
British or Irish Screenwriter of the Year Neil Jordan Won
British or Irish Producer of the Year Stephen Woolley Won
Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards Best Foreign Language Film Neil Jordan Won
Best Supporting Actress Miranda Richardson 2nd place
Best Screenplay Neil Jordan 2nd place
National Board of Review Most Auspicious Debut Jaye Davidson Won
Top Ten Films Won
National Society of Film Critics Awards Best Film 2nd place
Best Director Neil Jordan 3rd place
Best Actor Stephen Rea Won
Best Supporting Actor Jaye Davidson 2nd place
Best Supporting Actress Miranda Richardson 2nd place
Best Screenplay Neil Jordan 2nd place
New York Film Critics Circle Awards Best Supporting Actress Miranda Richardson Won
Best Screenplay Neil Jordan Won
Producers Guild of America Awards Best Theatrical Motion Picture Stephen Woolley]] Won
Satellite Awards Outstanding Overall Blu-Ray/DVD Nominated
Writers Guild of America Awards Best Original Screenplay Neil Jordan Won
Writers' Guild of Great Britain Awards Film - Screenplay Neil Jordan Won
Soundtrack[edit]
The soundtrack to the film, The Crying Game: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, released on 23 February 1993, was produced by Anne Dudley and the Pet Shop Boys. Boy George scored his first hit since 1986 with his recording of the title song – a song that had been a hit in the 1960s for British singer Dave Berry. The closing rendition of Tammy Wynette's "Stand by Your Man" was performed by American singer Lyle Lovett.
"The Crying Game" – Boy George
"When a Man Loves a Woman" – Percy Sledge
"Live for Today" (Orchestral) – Cicero and Sylvia Mason-James
"Let the Music Play" – Carroll Thompson
"White Cliffs of Dover" – The Blue Jays
"Live for Today" (Gospel) – David Cicero
"The Crying Game" – Dave Berry
"Stand by Your Man" – Lyle Lovett
"The Soldier's Wife"*
"It's in my Nature"*
"March to the Execution"*
"I'm Thinking of You"*
"Dies Irae"*
"The Transformation"*
"The Assassination"*
"The Soldier's Tale"*
*Orchestral tracks composed by Anne Dudley and performed by the Pro Arte Orchestra of London
See also[edit]
Breakfast on Pluto (2005)
List of films featuring the Irish Republican Army
List of transgender characters in film and television
List of transgender-related topics
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Crying Game (18)". British Board of Film Classification. 28 August 1992. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Rufus Olins (24 September 1995). "Mr Fixit of the British Screen". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 29 March 2014.
Jump up ^ Presenter: Francine Stock (17 September 2010). "The Film Programme". The Film Programme. London, England. BBC. BBC Radio 4.
Jump up ^ Interview "English Love" in special features of The Crying Game Collector's Edition DVD, 2005 http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0104036/dvd
Jump up ^ "Director implores that 'Crying Game' secrets be kept" (1 December 1992), The Orange County Register, Santa Ana, California.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger, Review of The Crying Game, Chicago Sun-Times, 18 December 1992.
Jump up ^ Corliss, Richard. "Queuing For The Crying Game", Time, 25 January 1993.
Jump up ^ Halberstam, Judith (2005), In a Queer Time and Place: Transgender Bodies, Subcultural Lives, New York: New York University Press, p. 81. ISBN 978-0-8147-3585-5.
Jump up ^ The Crying Game at Rotten Tomatoes
External links[edit]
The Crying Game on IMDb
The Crying Game at Box Office Mojo
The Crying Game at Rotten Tomatoes
The Crying Game at Metacritic
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Neil Jordan
Angel (1982)
The Company of Wolves (1984)
Mona Lisa (1986)
High Spirits (1988)
We're No Angels (1989)
The Miracle (1991)
The Crying Game (1992)
Interview with the Vampire (1994)
Michael Collins (1996)
The Butcher Boy (1997)
In Dreams (1999)
The End of the Affair (1999)
The Good Thief (2002)
Breakfast on Pluto (2005)
The Brave One (2007)
Ondine (2009)
Byzantium (2012)
[show]
v
t
e
BAFTA Award for Best British Film
1947–1967
Odd Man Out (1947)
The Fallen Idol (1948)
The Third Man (1949)
The Blue Lamp (1950)
The Lavender Hill Mob (1951)
The Sound Barrier (1952)
Genevieve (1953)
Hobson's Choice (1954)
Richard III (1955)
Reach for the Sky (1956)
The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957)
Room at the Top (1958)
Sapphire (1959)
Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (1960)
A Taste of Honey (1961)
Lawrence of Arabia (1962)
Tom Jones (1963)
Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1964)
The Ipcress File (1965)
The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1966)
A Man for All Seasons (1967)
1992–present
The Crying Game (1992)
Shadowlands (1993)
Shallow Grave (1994)
The Madness of King George (1995)
Secrets & Lies (1996)
Nil by Mouth (1997)
Elizabeth (1998)
East Is East (1999)
Billy Elliot (2000)
Gosford Park (2001)
The Warrior (2002)
Touching the Void (2003)
My Summer of Love (2004)
Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005)
The Last King of Scotland (2006)
This Is England (2007)
Man on Wire (2008)
Fish Tank (2009)
The King's Speech (2010)
Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (2011)
Skyfall (2012)
Gravity (2013)
The Theory of Everything (2014)
Brooklyn (2015)
I, Daniel Blake (2016)
[show]
v
t
e
Producers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture
Driving Miss Daisy (1989)
Dances with Wolves (1990)
The Silence of the Lambs (1991)
The Crying Game (1992)
Schindler's List (1993)
Forrest Gump (1994)
Apollo 13 (1995)
The English Patient (1996)
Titanic (1997)
Saving Private Ryan (1998)
American Beauty (1999)
Gladiator (2000)
Moulin Rouge! (2001)
Chicago (2002)
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)
The Aviator (2004)
Brokeback Mountain (2005)
Little Miss Sunshine (2006)
No Country for Old Men (2007)
Slumdog Millionaire (2008)
The Hurt Locker (2009)
The King's Speech (2010)
The Artist (2011)
Argo (2012)
12 Years a Slave / Gravity (2013)
Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) (2014)
The Big Short (2015)
La La Land (2016)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Crying_Game&oldid=802610607"
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Uncle Sam
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the national personification of the United States federal government. For other uses, see Uncle Sam (disambiguation).
J. M. Flagg's 1917 poster was based on the original British Lord Kitchener poster of three years earlier. It was used to recruit soldiers for both World War I and World War II. Flagg used a modified version of his own face for Uncle Sam, and veteran Walter Botts provided the pose.[1]
Uncle Sam (initials U.S.) is a common national personification of the American government or the United States in general that, according to legend, came into use during the War of 1812 and was supposedly named for Samuel Wilson. The actual origin is by a legend.[2] Since the early 19th century, Uncle Sam has been a popular symbol of the US government in American culture and a manifestation of patriotic emotion.[3] While the figure of Uncle Sam represents specifically the government, the goddess Columbia represents the United States as a nation.
The first reference to Uncle Sam in formal literature (as distinct from newspapers) was in the 1816 allegorical book The Adventures of Uncle Sam, in Search After His Lost Honor by Frederick Augustus Fidfaddy, Esq.[4] Other possible references date to the American Revolutionary War: an Uncle Sam is mentioned as early as 1775, in the original lyrics of "Yankee Doodle",[5] though it is not clear whether this reference is to Uncle Sam as a metaphor for the United States, or to an actual person named Sam. The lyrics as a whole celebrate the military efforts of the young nation in besieging the British at Boston. The 13th stanza is:
Old Uncle Sam come there to change
Some pancakes and some onions,
For 'lasses cakes, to carry home
To give his wife and young ones.[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Earlier personifications
2 Evolution
3 See also
4 References
5 Further reading
6 External links
Earlier personifications[edit]
Columbia
The earliest known personification of the United States was as a woman named Columbia, who first appeared in 1738 (pre-USA) and sometimes was associated with another female personification, Lady Liberty. With the American Revolutionary War came Brother Jonathan, a male personification, and Uncle Sam finally appeared after the War of 1812.[7] Columbia appeared with either Brother Jonathan or Uncle Sam, but her use declined as a national personification in favor of Liberty, and she was effectively abandoned once she became the mascot of Columbia Pictures in the 1920s.
According to an article in the 1893 The Lutheran Witness, Uncle Sam was simply another name for Brother Jonathan:
When we meet him in politics we call him Uncle Sam; when we meet him in society we call him Brother Jonathan. Here of late Uncle Sam alias Brother Jonathan has been doing a powerful lot of complaining, hardly doing anything else. [sic][8]
A March 24, 1810 journal entry by Isaac Mayo states:
weighed anchor stood down the harbour, passed Sandy Hook, where there are two light-houses, and put to sea, first and second day out most deadly seasick, oh could I have got on shore in the hight [sic] of it, I swear that uncle Sam, as they call him, would certainly forever have lost the services of at least one sailor.[9]
Evolution[edit]
Samuel Wilson Memorial in Arlington, Massachusetts
Photograph of Samuel Wilson of Troy, New York
Uncle Sam and Columbia in an 1869 cartoon by Thomas Nast
Uncle Sam often personified the United States in political cartoons, such as this one in 1897 about the U.S. annexation of Hawaii
Poster by the United States Fuel Administration during World War One: "Uncle Sam needs that extra shovelful"
The precise origin of the Uncle Sam character is unclear, but a popular legend is that the name "Uncle Sam" was derived from Samuel Wilson, a meatpacker from Troy, New York who supplied rations for American soldiers during the War of 1812. There was a requirement at the time for contractors to stamp their name and where the rations came from onto the food they were sending. Wilson's packages were labeled "E.A – US." When someone asked what that stood for, a co-worker jokingly said, "Elbert Anderson [the contractor] and Uncle Sam," referring to Wilson, though the "US" actually stood for United States.[10] Doubts have been raised as to the authenticity of this story, as the claim did not appear in print until 1842.[11] Additionally, the earliest known mention definitely referring to the metaphorical Uncle Sam is from 1810, predating Wilson's contract with the government.[9] As early as 1835, Brother Jonathan made a reference to Uncle Sam, implying that they symbolized different things: Brother Jonathan was the country itself, while Uncle Sam was the government and its power.[12]
By the 1850s, the names Brother Jonathan and Uncle Sam were being used nearly interchangeably, to the point that images of what had previously been called "Brother Jonathan" were being called "Uncle Sam". Similarly, the appearance of both personifications varied wildly. For example, one depiction of Uncle Sam in 1860 showed him looking like Benjamin Franklin,[13] while a contemporaneous depiction of Brother Jonathan[14] looks more like the modern version of Uncle Sam, though without a goatee.
Uncle Sam did not get a standard appearance, even with the effective abandonment of Brother Jonathan near the end of the American Civil War, until the well-known "recruitment" image of Uncle Sam was first created by James Montgomery Flagg during World War I. The image was inspired by a British recruitment poster showing Lord Kitchener in a similar pose. It is this image more than any other that has influenced the modern appearance of Uncle Sam: an elderly white man with white hair and a goatee, wearing a white top hat with white stars on a blue band, a blue tail coat, and red-and-white-striped trousers.
Flagg's depiction of Uncle Sam was shown publicly for the first time, according to some, on the cover of the magazine Leslie's Weekly on July 6, 1916, with the caption "What Are You Doing for Preparedness?"[1][15] More than four million copies of this image were printed between 1917 and 1918. Flagg's image was also used extensively during World War II, during which the U.S. was codenamed "Samland" by the German intelligence agency Abwehr.[16] The term was central in the song "The Yankee Doodle Boy", which was featured in 1942 in the musical Yankee Doodle Dandy.
There are two memorials to Uncle Sam, both of which commemorate the life of Samuel Wilson: the Uncle Sam Memorial Statue in Arlington, Massachusetts, his birthplace; and a memorial near his long-term residence in Riverfront Park, Troy, New York. Wilson's boyhood home can still be visited in Mason, New Hampshire. Samuel Wilson died on July 31, 1854, aged 87, and is buried in Oakwood Cemetery, Troy, New York.
In 1989, "Uncle Sam Day" became official. A Congressional joint resolution[17] designated September 13, 1989 as "Uncle Sam Day", the birthday of Samuel Wilson. In 2015, the family history company MyHeritage researched Uncle Sam's family tree and claims to have tracked down his living relatives.[18][19]
See also[edit]
Uncle Sam billboard
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "The Most Famous Poster". American Treasures of the Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 2016-07-02.
Jump up ^ Schauffler, Robert Haven (1912). Flag day; its history. p. 145.
Jump up ^ Terry Allan Hicks. Uncle Sam. Marshall Cavendish 2006, 40 pages, ISBN 0761421378. Retrieved 2015-08-01. (p.9)
Jump up ^ p. 40-41 of Albert Matthews, "Uncle Sam". Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society, v.19, 1908. pp.21–65. Google Books
Jump up ^ Benson J. Lossing, Pictorial Field Book of the Revolution, Volume II, Supplement XIV (1850)
Jump up ^ Aldrich, Mark (2004). A Catalog of Folk Song Settings for Wind Band. Hal Leonard Corporation. pp. 33, 59.
Jump up ^ "Uncle Sam,". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
Jump up ^ December 7, 1893 "A Bit of Advice" The Lutheran Witness pg 100
^ Jump up to: a b Zimmer, Ben (July 4, 2013). "New Light on "Uncle Sam" referencing work at USS Constitution Museum in Charlestown, Mass".
Jump up ^ Wyandott Herald, Kansas City, August 17, 1882, p. 2
Jump up ^ Matthews, Albert (1908). "Uncle Sam". Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society, Volume 19.
Jump up ^ Morgan, Winifred (1988). An American icon: Brother Jonathan and American identity. University of Delaware Press. pg. 81.
Jump up ^ An appearance echoed in Harper's Weekly, June 3, 1865 "Checkmate" political cartoon (Morgan, Winifred (1988) An American icon: Brother Jonathan and American identity University of Delaware Press pg 95)
Jump up ^ On page 32 of the January 11, 1862 edition Harper's Weekly.
Jump up ^ "Who Created Uncle Sam?". Life's Little Mysteries. Live Science. Archived from the original on December 3, 2008. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ Macintyre, Ben. Operation Mincemeat, p.57. ISBN 978-1-4088-0921-1
Jump up ^ "Bill Summary & Status - 100th Congress (1987 - 1988) - H.J.RES.626 - All Congressional Actions - THOMAS (Library of Congress)". loc.gov.
Jump up ^ "New York Butcher is Named as Real Live Uncle Sam". New York Times. 2015-07-03. Retrieved 2015-07-03.
Jump up ^ "The History Behind Uncle Sam's Family Tree". Fox News. 2015-07-03. Retrieved 2015-07-03.
Further reading[edit]
Mouraux, Cecile, and Jean-Pierre Mouraux. Who Was "Uncle Sam": Illustrated Story of the Life of Our National Symbol. Sonoma, CA: Poster Collector, 2006. OCLC 70129530
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Uncle Sam.
Uncle Sam: The man and the meme by Natalie Elder (National Museum of American History)
Historical Uncle Sam pictures
James Montgomery Flagg's 1917 "I Want You" Poster and other works at the Wayback Machine (archived October 28, 2004)
What's the origin of Uncle Sam? The Straight Dope
Civil War Harper's Weekly newspapers
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uncle_Sam&oldid=822165752"
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Manfred Mann's Earth Band
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article relies too much on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. (July 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Manfred Mann's Earth Band
Manfred Mann's Earth Band in concert
Background information
Origin
London, England
Genres
Progressive rock
progressive metal
hard rock
heavy metal
jazz rock
Years active
1971–present
Labels
Philips
Vertigo
Bronze
Warner Bros.
Arista
Virgin
Kaz
Grapevine
Cohesion
Website
www.manfredmann.co.uk
Members
Manfred Mann
Mick Rogers
Steve Kinch
John Lingwood
Robert Hart
Past members
See: Manfred Mann's Earth Band Personnel
Manfred Mann's earth band, Zelt-Musik-Festival2017 in Freiburg, Germany
Manfred Mann's Earth Band are an English rock band formed by South African musician Manfred Mann. The band's hits include covers of Bruce Springsteen's "For You", "Blinded by the Light" and "Spirit in the Night". After forming in 1971 and despite a short hiatus in the late 1980s/early 1990s, the Earth Band continues to perform and tour.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Formation
1.2 Themes
1.3 1970s
1.4 1980s
1.5 Recent years
2 Personnel
2.1 Timeline
3 Discography
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
Formation[edit]
Mann started in the 1960s with the self-titled band that had such hits as "Do Wah Diddy Diddy" and "The Mighty Quinn" and then moved on to jazz fusion-inspired Manfred Mann Chapter Three before forming the Earth Band in 1971. In his 2003 biography, Klaus Voormann, former member of original Manfred Mann group and Beatles-associate, is alleged to have inspired the Earth Band's name by having suggested several times throughout the 1960s that Mann's soft pop style of those days had to become "earthier" and rockier, not least of all because of the seemingly effeminate image of Mann's earlier band which had led to a number of close encounters with violence, particularly in Ireland.[1] According to the officially approved version however, the name was chosen on suggestion of drummer Chris Slade in September 1971 and is related to the ecological movement ongoing at the time.[2]
The original line-up consisted of Mick Rogers (guitar and vocals), Manfred Mann (organ, synthesizer and vocals), Colin Pattenden (bass guitar) and Chris Slade (drums and vocals). In its very earliest stages, the band was simply billed as "Manfred Mann" and thus a continuation of the 1960s group. The quartet released their first single, "Please Mrs. Henry", in 1971. Their second single, Randy Newman's "Living Without You," was also released by "Manfred Mann" in Europe, but by "Manfred Mann's Earth Band" in the USA, where the track became a minor chart hit. On two non-charting single releases in the UK in 1972/73, the group was billed simply as "Earth Band", but otherwise, from 1972 forward "Manfred Mann's Earth Band" was the band name used on all releases. The membership of the Earth Band was stable between 1971 and 1976, during which time they released their first six albums.
Themes[edit]
The Earth Band combines the stylistic approach of progressive rock with Mann's jazz-influenced Moog synthesizer playing and keen ear for melody. Beside producing their own material, a staple of the band's music and live performances from the beginning has been also relying on covers of songs by other modern pop/rock artists, notably Bob Dylan and Bruce Springsteen, in their progressive rock style.
Mann's interest in English 20th century classical music saw him adapt Gustav Holst's Planets Suite and turn a version of the "Jupiter" movement into a UK hit entitled Joybringer (included on the 1973 album Solar Fire). Other classical music adaptations include "Questions" off the 1976 album The Roaring Silence (which is based on the main theme of Franz Schubert's Impromptu in G flat Major), "Solar Fire is in Earth, the Circle, Pt. 1" (which uses the melody from Claude Debussy's Jimbo's Lullaby), and "Starbird" also off 1976's The Roaring Silence (which is based upon Igor Stravinski's ballet The Firebird).
The title song to 1973's Messin' (written by Mike Hugg and originally recorded by 'Chapter Three' on their unissued third album), as well as most of the album The Good Earth tapped into ecological concerns, a recurring theme in Mann's music in later years, with The Good Earth giving away a free gift of a piece of land in Wales with each album sold. Like other prog-rock acts, the band also issued concept albums on space and sci-fi themes (particularly the album Solar Fire and the singles "Launching Place" off The Good Earth and "Starbird" off The Roaring Silence) and religious or biblical imagery ("Prayer" on the band's debut album, "Buddah" on Messin', Dylan's "Father of Day, Father of Night" and "In the Beginning, Darkness" on Solar Fire, "The Road to Babylon" and "This Side of Paradise" on The Roaring Silence, "Resurrection" on Angel Station).
Social criticism was also addressed ("Black and Blue" on Messin' dealt particularly with slavery, and "Chicago Institute" on Watch with mental institutions and science as a mean of social control); a trend which grew throughout the 1980s, with songs such as Lies (through the 80s) on technological progress vs. social setbacks on Chance, and with Mann's growing involvement with the anti-apartheid movement which was featured in the 1982 album Somewhere in Afrika. Mann's intention for acknowledgement of oppressed ethnic groups also influenced the 1992 album Plains Music which featured traditional Native American music.
1970s[edit]
The group's sixth album, 1975's Nightingales and Bombers, took its title from a World War II naturalist's recording of a nightingale singing in a garden as warplanes flew overhead; the recording appears in a track on the album (the US version included an extra track, a cover of Bob Dylan's; 'Quit Your Low Down Ways' sung by Mick Rogers).
The US breakthrough for the band came in the third week of February 1977, when they charted at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 with a cover of Bruce Springsteen's "Blinded by the Light" from The Roaring Silence. Before this hit, Mick Rogers had left the band (after the 'Nightingales And Bombers' album of 1975) and Chris Thompson (lead vocals, guitar) and Dave Flett (Lead guitar, backing vocals) had been quickly recruited to replace Rogers (although Rogers still contributed backing vocals to the album). While the Springsteen original from 1973's Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J. has a folky, acoustic sound, the Earth Band's version is driving rock, combining Mann's Moog synthesizer and organ work with Flett's guitar.
The Roaring Silence also featured a guest appearance by jazz saxophonist Barbara Thompson, and Watch included two stand-out recordings from the band's live performances of "Davy's on the Road Again" and "Mighty Quinn". Taking advantage of the publicity of their hit song, the band re-released another Springsteen song, "Spirit in the Night", which the band had released the previous year on Nightingales & Bombers in a vocally re-cut version with Chris Thompson taking a new lead vocal in place of Mick Rogers vocal on the original album version. Following this popular success, the Earth Band released Watch which produced another hit single in "Davy's on the Road Again".
1980s[edit]
Drummer Chris Slade and Dave Flett left before 1979's Angel Station. Flett was replaced by guitarist Steve Waller, who shared lead vocals with Thompson. Geoff Britton played drums on the album but was soon replaced by John Lingwood, due to illness. 1980's Chance showed a move towards a more electronic approach and produced several cuts that were hits in the UK and/or saw significant airplay in both the US and UK. The songs "Lies (All Through The 80's)" sung by Thompson," "Stranded," and "For You" (another Springsteen song sung by Thompson) still. Trevor Rabin, a fellow South African and London session musician, and lead guitarist of the 1980s version of Yes, guested on the album.
By this time Mann had become personally active in the international anti-apartheid movement and was banned from entering his home country of South Africa. Undeterred, members of the band made journeys to South Africa to record African musicians for the album Somewhere in Afrika (which in some ways pre-figured Paul Simon's Graceland). The album included a cover of The Police's "Demolition Man" (sung by Steve Waller) and a version of Bob Marley's "Redemption Song".
In 1984, the band issued the single "Runner", a cover of the song by Ian Thomas, featuring Thompson on lead vocals and Mick Rogers on backing vocals. The song was a non-LP single in the UK but was included on the US release of Somewhere in Afrika. It was a top 40 hit in both Canada and the US and was used during ABC's broadcasting of the 1984 Summer Olympics and in the film The Philadelphia Experiment. It was their first hit since "Blinded by the Light" and was the band's final US/UK chart single. In 1986, Thompson exited the group and Mick Rogers returned with both appearing on the album Criminal Tango. For 1987's Masque album, the band consisted solely of Mann, Rogers, and drummer John Lingwood. Shortly thereafter, the Earth Band name was retired for a number of years.
Recent years[edit]
Manfred Mann's Earth Band was revived in the early 1990s and resumed recording, covering tracks by artists as varied as Paul Weller, Robert Cray, Del Amitri, and The Lovin' Spoonful. Mann has also released solo projects including Plains Music, which was based on Native American music, and 2006, which includes collaborations with the German rapper Thomas D and tracks featuring the music of, amongst others, the Super Furry Animals. The Earth Band has had a fluctuating line-up, with Mann the only constant. The current line-up includes both Manfred Mann and Mick Rogers.
Most of the band's original albums have been re-released in recent years and a 4-CD set (Odds & Sods - Mis-takes & Out-takes) featuring many previously unissued versions of tracks was released in August 2005. This includes material from the unreleased (and thought to be lost) Manfred Mann Chapter III Volume 3 album and the first Earth Band album, Stepping Sideways. The fourth CD in the package includes both unreleased studio material and live performances.
December 2006 saw the release of the DVD Unearthed 1973–2005 The Best of Manfred Mann's Earth Band. This features twenty tracks ranging from three recorded in Sweden in 1973 ("Father of Day," "Captain Bobby Stout," and "Black & Blue") to a 2005 performance of "Mighty Quinn." Also included are animations used during the band's live performances of the late 1970s and early 1980s and promo films (including two tracks from the Plains Music album).
In 2007, two separate dance remixes of Bruce Springsteen songs as performed by Manfred Mann's Earth Band entered the Austrian Charts. The first was a remix of "Blinded by the Light", which was credited to Michael Mind featuring Manfred Mann's Earth Band. The second was a remix of "For You", credited to The Disco Boys featuring Manfred Mann's Earth Band. Also in 2007, the 1983 Budapest concert was released in DVD format and included tracks not previously available. In 2008, the band released the Watch DVD which includes footage from a 1979 Austrian concert.[3]
Singer and guitar player Mick Rogers (2010)
Manfred Mann's Earth Band live in Gelsenkirchen 11 June 2010
Mick Rogers (left), Peter Cox (middle) and Steve Kinch (right)
Personnel[edit]
Current members
Manfred Mann – keyboards and vocals (1971–present; founding member)
Mick Rogers – guitar and vocals (1971–1975, 1983–present; founding member)
John Lingwood – drums (1979–1987, 2016–present)
Steve Kinch – bass guitar (1991–present)
Robert Hart – vocals (2011–present)
Former members
Chris Slade – drums (1971–78; founding member)
Colin Pattenden – bass (1971–77; founding member)
Chris Thompson – vocals and guitar (1975–1986, 1996–1999, 2004)
Dave Flett – guitar (1975–1978)
Pat King – bass (1977–1981; band lighting designer, 1991–2013)
Steve Waller – guitar and vocals (1979–1983; died 2000)
Geoff Britton – drums (1979)
Trevor Rabin – guitar, producer (1980–1981, 1984)
Matt Irving – bass (1982–1983)
Shona Laing – vocals (1983)
Noel McCalla – vocals (1980 – 1983, 1991–2009, 2010)
Clive Bunker – drums (1991–1996)
John Trotter[4] – drums (1996–2000)
Richard Marcangelo – drums (2000–2002)
Pete May – drums (2002)
Geoff Dunn – drums (2002–2007; on loan from Epic)
Jimmy Copley – drums and percussion (2007–2015; died 2017)
Peter Cox – vocals (2009–2010)
Timeline[edit]
Discography[edit]
For a detailed listing see Manfred Mann's Earth Band discography.
Manfred Mann's Earth Band (1972)
Glorified Magnified (1972)
Messin' (1973)
Solar Fire (1973)
The Good Earth (1974)
Nightingales & Bombers (1975)
The Roaring Silence (1976)
Watch (1978)
Angel Station (1979)
Chance (1980)
Somewhere in Afrika (1983)
Criminal Tango (1986)
Masque (1987)
Soft Vengeance (1996)
Manfred Mann 2006 (2004)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Klaus Voormann, Warum spielst du Imagine nicht auf dem weißen Klavier, John? Erinnerungen an die Beatles und viele andere Freunde ("Why Don't You Play Imagine on the White Piano, John?: Memories of the Beatles and Many Other Friends"), Heyne 2003. ISBN 3-453-87313-0
Jump up ^ Greg Russo, Mannerisms – The five phases of Manfred Mann (Revised Edition), Crossfire Publications, 2011, ISBN 978-0-9791845-2-9, p.121
Jump up ^ "Manfred Mann". ClassicBands.com. Classic Bands. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
Jump up ^ John Trotter. "John Trotter – Drummer". Johntrotterdrums.com. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Manfred Mann's Earth Band.
Manfred Mann's Earth Band official website
BBC Review of Manfred Mann's Earthband at The Stables, Wavendon, September 2006
[hide]
v
t
e
Manfred Mann's Earth Band
Manfred Mann
Mick Rogers
Robert Hart
John Lingwood
Steve Kinch
Chris Thompson
Steve Waller
Chris Slade
Colin Pattenden
Pat King
Jimmy Copley
Clive Bunker
Dave Flett
Matt Irving
Shona Laing
Richard Marcangelo
Geoff Britton
Noel McCalla
John Trotter
Geoff Dunn
Pete May
Studio albums
Manfred Mann's Earth Band
Glorified Magnified
Messin' (Get Your Rocks Off)
Solar Fire
The Good Earth
Nightingales and Bombers
The Roaring Silence
Watch
Angel Station
Chance
Somewhere in Afrika
Criminal Tango
Masque
Plains Music
Soft Vengeance
2006
Live albums
Budapest Live
Mann Alive
Compilations
Blinded by the Light: The Very Best of Manfred Mann's Earth Band
The Best of Manfred Mann's Earth Band Re-Mastered
The Best of Manfred Mann's Earth Band Re-Mastered Volume II
Odds & Sods - Mis-takes & Out-takes
Songs
"I'll Be Gone"
"Blinded by the Light"
"Spirit in the Night"
"Mighty Quinn"
"Davy's on the Road Again"
"Don't Kill It Carol"
"For You"
"Redemption Song"
Related articles
Discography
Manfred Mann
Manfred Mann Chapter Three
The Manfreds
Authority control
MusicBrainz: 83e9c775-84ea-4cf6-abdf-b9ffa8c3d060
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Michael Faraday Memorial
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Michael Faraday Memorial stands in Elephant Square
Coordinates: 51°29′42″N 0°6′2″W / 51.49500°N 0.10056°W / 51.49500; -0.10056
The Michael Faraday Memorial is a monument to the Victorian scientist Michael Faraday. It is located at Elephant Square in Elephant and Castle, London, England.
Contents
[hide]
1 Description
2 Proposed and actual changes
3 References
4 External links
Description[edit]
The stainless steel box-shaped structure was designed by modern movement architect Rodney Gordon in 1959 and built in 1961, on the centre of what was the northern roundabout of the Elephant and Castle gyratory system. It commemorates Michael Faraday's importance as a scientist and was placed at Elephant and Castle because Faraday's birthplace is nearby in Newington Butts.
The interior of the construction contains a London Underground electrical substation for the Northern line and Bakerloo line (somewhat appropriate for a memorial to one of the great pioneers of electricity). Rodney Gordon originally designed the box clad in glass, intending the workings of the transformer to be seen. The possibility of vandalism prevented this, so the design was changed to a metal casing.
Aspects of Gordon's design which explained the connection to Faraday were left out when it was constructed, so few people realise why it is there. However, there is an inscription in the concrete paving nearby explaining that it is the Faraday Memorial.
In 1996, the monument was given Grade II listed building status.
Proposed and actual changes[edit]
In 1996, the memorial was given a new lighting scheme designed by a local schoolgirl from English Martyrs R.C primary school, the result of a competition held by Blue Peter, the BBC children's programme.
Plans in the early 2000s to redevelop the Elephant and Castle included turning the roundabout into a peninsula and moving the Michael Faraday Memorial 400 metres south-east to the Walworth Road, where it would stand next to the Cuming Museum and possibly become part of a proposed science museum. These plans were shelved as the regeneration of Elephant and Castle evolved into a scheme that retained the roundabout, before changing into a scheme that retained the memorial in its current position by "peninsulaising" it, in the process making it easier to access.[1]
In May 2012, the 16-year-old lighting scheme (which had long since stopped working) was replaced with a new disco theme[2] by Southwark Council, animating every evening after dark.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Improving Elephant & Castle – TFL
Jump up ^ http://www.london-se1.co.uk/news/view/6030
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Michael Faraday Memorial.
Article and photo gallery of the memorial
20th Century Society Risky Buildings listing for the memorial
Elephant & Castle Roundabout "Making a Space a Place"
Elephant & Castle official regeneration website
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