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Apollo 17
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Apollo 17
Eugene Cernan aboard the Lunar Rover during the first EVA of Apollo 17
Mission type
Manned lunar landing
Operator
NASA[1]
COSPAR ID
CSM: 1972-096A
LM: 1972-096C
SATCAT no.
CSM: 6300
LM: 6307
Mission duration
12 days, 13 hours, 51 minutes, 59 seconds
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft
Apollo CSM-114
Apollo LM-12
Manufacturer
CSM: North American Rockwell
LM: Grumman
Launch mass
48,607 kilograms (107,161 lb)
Landing mass
5,500 kilograms (12,120 lb)
Crew
Crew size
3
Members
Eugene A. Cernan
Ronald E. Evans
Harrison H. Schmitt
Callsign
CSM: America
LM: Challenger
EVAs
1 in cislunar space
Plus 3 on the lunar surface
EVA duration
1 hour, 5 minutes, 44 seconds
Spacewalk to retrieve film cassettes
Start of mission
Launch date
December 7, 1972, 05:33:00 (1972-12-07UTC05:33Z) UTC
Rocket
Saturn V SA-512
Launch site
Kennedy LC-39A
End of mission
Recovered by
USS Ticonderoga
Landing date
December 19, 1972, 19:24:59 (1972-12-19UTC19:25:00Z) UTC
Landing site
South Pacific Ocean
17°53′S 166°07′W / 17.88°S 166.11°W / -17.88; -166.11 (Apollo 17 splashdown)
Orbital parameters
Reference system
Selenocentric
Periselene
26.9 kilometers (14.5 nmi)
Aposelene
109.3 kilometers (59.0 nmi)
Epoch
December 11, 4:04 UTC
Lunar orbiter
Spacecraft component
Command/Service Module
Orbital insertion
December 10, 1972, 19:47:22 UTC
Orbital departure
December 16, 1972, 23:35:09 UTC
Orbits
75
Lunar lander
Spacecraft component
Lunar Module
Landing date
December 11, 1972, 19:54:57 UTC
Return launch
December 14, 1972, 22:54:37 UTC
Landing site
Taurus–Littrow
20°11′27″N 30°46′18″E / 20.19080°N 30.77168°E / 20.19080; 30.77168 (Apollo 17 landing)
Sample mass
110.52 kilograms (243.7 lb)
Surface EVAs
3
EVA duration
22 hours, 3 minutes, 57 seconds
First: 7 hours, 11 minutes, 53 seconds
Second: 7 hours, 36 minutes, 56 seconds
Third: 7 hours, 15 minutes, 8 seconds
Lunar rover
Distance covered
35.74 kilometers (22.21 mi)
Docking with LM
Docking date
December 7, 1972, 09:30:10 UTC
Undocking date
December 11, 1972, 17:20:56 UTC
Docking with LM Ascent Stage
Docking date
December 15, 1972, 01:10:15 UTC
Undocking date
December 15, 1972, 04:51:31 UTC
Payload
Scientific Instrument Module
Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package
Lunar Roving Vehicle
Mass
SIM:
ALSEP:
LRV: 463 pounds (210 kg)
Left to right: Schmitt, Cernan (seated), Evans
Apollo program
← Apollo 16
Apollo 17 was the final mission of NASA's Apollo program. Launched at 12:33 a.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST) on December 7, 1972, with a crew made up of Commander Eugene Cernan, Command Module Pilot Ronald Evans, and Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt, it was the last use of Apollo hardware for its original purpose; after Apollo 17, extra Apollo spacecraft were used in the Skylab and Apollo–Soyuz programs.
Apollo 17 was the first night launch of a U.S. human spaceflight and the final manned launch of a Saturn V rocket. It was a "J-type mission" which included three days on the lunar surface, extended scientific capability, and the third Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV). While Evans remained in lunar orbit in the Command/Service Module (CSM), Cernan and Schmitt spent just over three days on the moon in the Taurus–Littrow valley and completed three moonwalks, taking lunar samples and deploying scientific instruments. Evans took scientific measurements and photographs from orbit using a Scientific Instruments Module mounted in the Service Module.
The landing site was chosen with the primary objectives of Apollo 17 in mind: to sample lunar highland material older than the impact that formed Mare Imbrium, and investigate the possibility of relatively new volcanic activity in the same area.[2] Cernan, Evans and Schmitt returned to Earth on December 19 after a 12-day mission.[3]
Apollo 17 is the most recent manned Moon landing and the most recent time humans travelled beyond low Earth orbit.[3][4] It was also the first mission to have no one on board who had been a test pilot; X-15 test pilot Joe Engle lost the lunar module pilot assignment to Schmitt, a scientist.[5] The mission broke several records: the longest moon landing, longest total extravehicular activities (moonwalks),[6] largest lunar sample, and longest time in lunar orbit.[7]
Contents
[hide]
1 Crew
1.1 Backup crew
1.1.1 Original
1.1.2 Replacement
1.2 Support crew
1.3 Mission insignia
2 Planning and training
3 Mission hardware and experiments
3.1 Traverse Gravimeter
3.2 Scientific Instrument Module
3.3 Light flash phenomenon
3.4 Surface Electrical Properties Experiment
3.5 Lunar Roving Vehicle
3.6 Biological cosmic ray experiment
4 Mission highlights
4.1 Launch and outbound trip
4.2 Moon landing
4.3 Lunar surface
4.4 Return to Earth
5 Spacecraft locations
6 Depiction of mission in fiction and popular culture
7 Multimedia
8 See also
9 References
10 Bibliography
11 External links
Crew[edit]
Position[8]
Astronaut
Commander
Eugene A. Cernan
Third and last spaceflight
Command Module Pilot
Ronald E. Evans
Only spaceflight
Lunar Module Pilot
Harrison H. Schmitt
Only spaceflight
Eugene Cernan, Ronald Evans, and former X-15 pilot Joe Engle were assigned to the backup crew of Apollo 14.[9] Engle flew sixteen X-15 flights, three of which exceeded the 50 mi (80 km) border of space.[10] Following the rotation pattern that a backup crew would fly as the prime crew three missions later, Cernan, Evans, and Engle would have flown Apollo 17. Harrison Schmitt served on the backup crew of Apollo 15 and, following the crew rotation cycle, was slated to fly as Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 18. However, Apollo 18 was cancelled in September 1970. Following this decision, the scientific community pressured NASA to assign a geologist to an Apollo landing, as opposed to a pilot trained in geology. In light of this pressure, Harrison Schmitt, a professional geologist, was assigned the Lunar Module Pilot position on Apollo 17.[9] Scientist-astronaut Curt Michel believed that it was his own decision to resign, after it became clear that he would not be given a flight assignment, that mobilized this action.[11]
Subsequent to the decision to assign Schmitt to Apollo 17, there remained the question of which crew (the full backup crew of Apollo 15, Dick Gordon, Vance Brand, and Schmitt, or the backup crew of Apollo 14) would become prime crew of the mission. NASA Director of Flight Crew Operations Deke Slayton ultimately assigned the backup crew of Apollo 14 (Cernan and Evans), along with Schmitt, to the prime crew of Apollo 17.[9]
Backup crew[edit]
Original[edit]
Position[12]
Astronaut
Commander
David Scott
Command Module Pilot
Alfred Worden
Lunar Module Pilot
James Irwin
This had been the Apollo 15 prime crew.
Replacement[edit]
Position[8][13]
Astronaut
Commander
John Young
Command Module Pilot
Stuart Roosa
Lunar Module Pilot
Charles Duke
The Apollo 15 prime crew received the backup assignment since this was to be the last lunar mission and the backup crew would not rotate to another mission. However, when the Apollo 15 postage stamp incident became public in early 1972 the crew was reprimanded by NASA and the United States Air Force (they were active duty officers). Director of Flight Crew Operations Deke Slayton removed them from flight status and replaced them with Young and Duke from the Apollo 16 prime crew and Roosa from the Apollo 14 prime and Apollo 16 backup crews.[12][14]
Support crew[edit]
Robert F. Overmyer[15]
Robert A. Parker[16]
C. Gordon Fullerton[17]
Mission insignia[edit]
Apollo 17 space-flown silver Robbins medallion
The insignia's most prominent feature is an image of the Greek sun god Apollo backdropped by a rendering of an American eagle, the red bars on the eagle mirroring those on the flag of the United States. Three white stars above the red bars represent the three crewmen of the mission. The background includes the Moon, the planet Saturn and a galaxy or nebula. The wing of the eagle partially overlays the Moon, suggesting man's established presence there. The gaze of Apollo and the direction of the eagle's motion embody man's intention to explore further destinations in space.[18]
The patch includes, along with the colors of the U.S. flag (red, white, and blue), the color gold, representative of a "golden age" of spaceflight that was to begin with Apollo 17. The image of Apollo in the mission insignia is a rendering of the Apollo Belvedere sculpture. The insignia was designed by Robert McCall, with input from the crew.[18]
Planning and training[edit]
Gene Cernan participates in geology training in Sudbury, Ontario in May 1972
Like Apollo 15 and Apollo 16, Apollo 17 was slated to be a "J-mission," an Apollo mission type that featured lunar surface stays of three days, higher scientific capability, and the usage of the Lunar Roving Vehicle. Since Apollo 17 was to be the final lunar landing of the Apollo program, high-priority landing sites that had not been visited previously were given consideration for potential exploration. A landing in the crater Copernicus was considered, but was ultimately rejected because Apollo 12 had already obtained samples from that impact, and three other Apollo expeditions had already visited the vicinity of Mare Imbrium. A landing in the lunar highlands near the crater Tycho was also considered, but was rejected because of the rough terrain found there and a landing on the lunar far side in the crater Tsiolkovskiy was rejected due to technical considerations and the operational costs of maintaining communication during surface operations. A landing in a region southwest of Mare Crisium was also considered, but rejected on the grounds that a Soviet spacecraft could easily access the site; Luna 21 eventually did so shortly after the Apollo 17 site selection was made.[2]
After the elimination of several sites, three sites made the final consideration for Apollo 17: Alphonsus crater, Gassendi crater, and the Taurus-Littrow valley. In making the final landing site decision, mission planners took into consideration the primary objectives for Apollo 17: obtaining old highlands material from a substantial distance from Mare Imbrium, sampling material from young volcanic activity (i.e., less than three billion years), and having minimal ground overlap with the orbital ground tracks of Apollo 15 and Apollo 16 to maximize the amount of new data obtained.[2]
The Taurus-Littrow site was selected with the prediction that the crew would be able to obtain samples of old highland material from the remnants of a landslide event that occurred on the south wall of the valley and the possibility of relatively young, explosive volcanic activity in the area. Although the valley is similar to the landing site of Apollo 15 in that it is on the border of a lunar mare, the advantages of Taurus-Littrow were believed to outweigh the drawbacks, thus leading to its selection as the Apollo 17 landing site.[2]
Apollo 17 was the only lunar landing mission to carry the Traverse Gravimeter Experiment (TGE), an experiment built by Draper Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology designed to provide relative gravity measurements throughout the landing site at various locations during the mission's moonwalks. Scientists would then use this data to gather information about the geological substructure of the landing site and the surrounding vicinity.[19]
As with previous lunar landings, the Apollo 17 astronauts underwent an extensive training program that included training to collect samples on the surface, usage of the spacesuits, navigation in the Lunar Roving Vehicle, field geology training, survival training, splashdown and recovery training, and equipment training.[20]
Mission hardware and experiments[edit]
Traverse Gravimeter[edit]
Apollo 17 was the only Apollo lunar landing mission to carry the Traverse Gravimeter Experiment. As gravimeters had proven to be useful in the geologic investigation of the Earth, the objective of this experiment was to determine the feasibility of using the same techniques on the Moon to learn about its internal structure. The gravimeter was used to obtain readings at the landing site in the immediate vicinity of the Lunar Module (LM), as well as various locations on the mission's traverse routes. The TGE was carried on the Lunar Roving Vehicle; measurements were taken by the astronauts while the LRV was not in motion or after the gravimeter was placed on the surface.[21]
A total of twenty-six measurements were taken with the TGE during the mission's three moonwalks, with productive results. As part of the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP), the astronauts also deployed the Lunar Surface Gravimeter, a similar experiment, which ultimately failed to function properly.[19]
Scientific Instrument Module[edit]
Apollo 17 SIM bay on the Service Module, seen from the Lunar Module in orbit around the Moon
Sector one of the Apollo 17 Service Module (SM) contained the Scientific Instrument Module (SIM) bay. The SIM bay housed three experiments for use in lunar orbit: a lunar sounder, an infrared scanning radiometer, and a far-ultraviolet spectrometer. A mapping camera, panoramic camera, and a laser altimeter were also included in the SIM bay.[21]
The lunar sounder beamed electromagnetic impulses toward the lunar surface, which were designed with the objective of obtaining data to assist in developing a geological model of the interior of the Moon to an approximate depth of 1.3 km (0.81 mi).[21]
The Infrared Scanning Radiometer was designed with the objective of generating a temperature map of the lunar surface to aid in locating surface features such as rock fields, structural differences in the lunar crust, and volcanic activity.[21]
The Far-Ultraviolet Spectrometer was to be used to obtain data pertaining to the composition, density, and constituency of the lunar atmosphere. The spectrometer was also designed to detect far-UV radiation emitted by the Sun that has been reflected off the lunar surface.[21]
The Laser Altimeter was designed with the intention of measuring the altitude of the spacecraft above the lunar surface within approximately two meters (6.6 feet), and providing altitude information to the panoramic and mapping cameras.[21]
Light flash phenomenon[edit]
Main article: Cosmic ray visual phenomena
Throughout the Apollo lunar missions, the crew members observed light flashes that penetrated closed eyelids. These flashes, described as "streaks" or "specks" of light, were usually observed by astronauts while the spacecraft was darkened during a sleep period. These flashes, while not observed on the lunar surface, would average about two per minute and were observed by the crew members during the trip out to the Moon, back to Earth, and in lunar orbit.[21]
The Apollo 17 crew conducted an experiment, also conducted on Apollo 16, with the objective of linking these light flashes with cosmic rays. As part of an experiment conducted by NASA and the University of Houston, one astronaut wore a device that recorded the time, strength, and path of high-energy atomic particles that penetrated the device. Analysis of the results concluded that the evidence supported the hypothesis that the flashes occurred when charged particles travelled through the retina in the eye.[21][22]
Surface Electrical Properties Experiment[edit]
Apollo 17 lunar rover at its final resting place on the Moon. The Surface Electrical Properties (SEP) receiver is the antenna on the right-rear of the vehicle
Apollo 17 was the only lunar surface expedition to include the Surface Electrical Properties (SEP) experiment. The experiment included two major components: a transmitting antenna deployed near the Lunar Module and a receiving antenna located on the Lunar Roving Vehicle. At different stops during the mission's traverses, electrical signals traveled from the transmitting device, through the ground, and received at the LRV. The electrical properties of the lunar soil could be determined by comparison of the transmitted and received electrical signals. The results of this experiment, which are consistent with lunar rock composition, show that the top 2 km (1.2 mi) of the Moon are extremely dry.[23]
Lunar Roving Vehicle[edit]
Apollo 17 was the third mission (the others being Apollo 15 and Apollo 16) to make use of a Lunar Roving Vehicle. The LRV, in addition to being used by the astronauts for transport from station to station on the mission's three moonwalks, was used to transport the astronauts' tools, communications equipment, and samples.[21] The Apollo 17 LRV was also used to carry experiments unique to the mission, such as the Traverse Gravimeter and Surface Electrical Properties experiment.[19][23] The Apollo 17 LRV traveled a cumulative distance of approximately 35.9 km (22.3 mi) in a total drive time of about four hours and twenty-six minutes; the greatest distance Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt traveled from the Lunar Module was about 7.6 km (4.7 mi).[24]
Biological cosmic ray experiment[edit]
Apollo 17 included a biological cosmic ray experiment (BIOCORE), carrying mice that had been implanted with radiation monitors to see whether they suffered damage from cosmic rays.[25]
Five pocket mice (Perognathus longimembris) were implanted with radiation monitors under their scalps and flown on the mission. The species was chosen because it was well-documented, small, easy to maintain in an isolated state (not requiring drinking water for the duration of the mission and with highly concentrated waste), and for its ability to withstand environmental stress. Four of the five mice survived the flight; the cause of death of the fifth mouse was not determined.[25]
The study found lesions in the scalp itself and liver. The scalp lesions and liver lesions appeared to be unrelated to one another, and were not thought to be the result of cosmic rays. No damage was found in the mice's retinas or viscera.[25] At the time of the publication of the Apollo 17 Preliminary Science Report, the mouse brains had not yet been examined.[25] However, subsequent studies showed no significant effect on the brains.[26]
Officially, the mice—four male and one female—were assigned the identification numbers A3326, A3400, A3305, A3356 and A3352. Unofficially, according to Cernan, the Apollo 17 crew dubbed them "Fe", "Fi", "Fo", "Fum" and "Phooey".[27]
Mission highlights[edit]
Launch and outbound trip[edit]
Apollo 17 launches on December 7, 1972
Apollo 17 was the last manned Saturn V launch and the only night launch. The launch was delayed by two hours and forty minutes due to an automatic cutoff in the launch sequencer at the T-30 second mark in the countdown. The issue was quickly determined to be a minor technical error. The clock was reset and held at the T-22 minute mark while technicians worked around the malfunction in order to continue with the launch. This pause was the only launch delay in the Apollo program caused by this type of hardware failure. The count then resumed, and the liftoff occurred at 12:33 am EST.[3][28]
Approximately 500,000 people were estimated to have observed the launch in the immediate vicinity of Kennedy Space Center, despite the early morning hour. The launch was visible as far away as 800 km (500 mi); observers in Miami, Florida, saw a "red streak" crossing the northern sky.[28]
At 3:46 am EST, the S-IVB third stage was re-ignited to propel the spacecraft towards the Moon.[3]
At approximately 2:47 pm EST on December 10, the Service Propulsion System engine on the Command/Service Module ignited to slow down the CSM/Lunar Module stack into lunar orbit. Following orbit insertion and orbital stabilization, the crew began preparations for landing in the Taurus-Littrow valley.[3]
Moon landing[edit]
After separating from the Command/Service Module, the Lunar Module Challenger and its crew of two, Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt, adjusted their orbit and began preparations for the descent to Taurus-Littrow. While Cernan and Schmitt prepared for landing, Command Module Pilot Ron Evans remained in orbit to take observations, perform experiments and await the return of his crew-mates a few days later.[3][29]
Soon after completing their preparations for landing, Cernan and Schmitt began their descent to the Taurus-Littrow valley on the lunar surface. Several minutes after the descent phase was initiated, the Lunar Module pitched over, giving the crew their first look at the landing site during the descent phase and allowing Cernan to guide the spacecraft to a desirable landing target while Schmitt provided data from the flight computer essential for landing. The LM touched down on the lunar surface at 2:55 pm EST on December 11. Shortly thereafter, the two astronauts began re-configuring the LM for their stay on the surface and began preparations for the first moonwalk of the mission, or EVA-1.[3][29]
Lunar surface[edit]
Eugene Cernan on the lunar surface, December 13, 1972
The first moonwalk (EVA) of the mission began approximately four hours after landing, at about 6:55 pm on December 11. The first task of the first lunar excursion was to offload the Lunar Roving Vehicle and other equipment from the Lunar Module. While working near the rover, a fender was accidentally broken off when Gene Cernan brushed up against it, his hammer getting caught under the right-rear fender, breaking off the rear extension. The same incident had also occurred on Apollo 16 as Commander John Young maneuvered around the rover. Although this was not a mission-critical issue, the loss of the fender caused Cernan and Schmitt to be covered with dust thrown up when the rover was in motion.[30] The crew used duct tape to fix the problem by attaching a map to the damaged fender, but the dust picked up on the tape surface prevented it from sticking properly and the first fix was short lived. After an overnight rethink by the flight controllers, a better method of applying the tape resulted in a satisfactory fix that lasted for the length of the exploration.[31] The crew then deployed the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP) west of the immediate landing site. After completing this, Cernan and Schmitt departed on the first geologic traverse of the mission towards Steno crater to the south of the landing site, during which they gathered 14 kilograms (31 lb) of samples; took seven gravimeter measurements; and deployed two explosive packages, which were later detonated remotely to test geophones that had been placed by the astronauts and seismometers that had been placed on previous Apollo missions.[32] The EVA ended after seven hours and twelve minutes.[3][33]
Apollo 17 landing site, photographed in 2011 by Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
Lunar Regolith collected during Apollo 17
On December 12, at 6:28 pm EST, Cernan and Schmitt began their second lunar excursion. One of the first tasks of the EVA was repairing the right-rear fender on the LRV, the rearward extension of which had been broken off the previous day. The pair did this by taping together four cronopaque maps with duct tape and clamping the replacement fender extension to the fender, thus providing a means of preventing dust from raining down upon them while in motion.[30][31][34] During this EVA, the pair sampled several different types of geologic deposits found in the valley, including the avalanche at the base of the South Massif, orange-colored soil at Shorty crater, and ejecta of Camelot crater. The crew completed this moonwalk after seven hours and thirty-seven minutes. They collected 34 kilograms (75 lb) of samples, deployed three more explosive packages and took seven gravimeter measurements.[3]
The third moonwalk, the last of the Apollo program, began at 5:26 pm EST on December 13. During this excursion, the crew collected 66 kilograms (146 lb) of lunar samples and took nine gravimeter measurements. They drove the rover to the north and east of the landing site and explored the base of the North Massif, the Sculptured Hills, and the unusual crater Van Serg. Before ending the moonwalk, the crew collected a rock, a breccia, and dedicated it to several different nations which were represented in Mission Control Center in Houston, Texas, at the time. A plaque located on the Lunar Module, commemorating the achievements made during the Apollo program, was then unveiled. Before reentering the LM for the final time, Gene Cernan expressed his thoughts:[3]
...I'm on the surface; and, as I take man's last step from the surface, back home for some time to come - but we believe not too long into the future - I'd like to just [say] what I believe history will record. That America's challenge of today has forged man's destiny of tomorrow. And, as we leave the Moon at Taurus-Littrow, we leave as we came and, God willing, as we shall return, with peace and hope for all mankind. "Godspeed the crew of Apollo 17."[35]
Cernan then followed Schmitt into the Lunar Module after spending approximately seven hours and 15 minutes outside during the mission's final lunar excursion.[3]
Return to Earth[edit]
Apollo 17 post-landing recovery operations
Apollo 17 Command Module after splashdown, with USS Ticonderoga in background.
Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt successfully lifted off from the lunar surface in the ascent stage of the Lunar Module on December 14, at 5:55 pm EST. After a successful rendezvous and docking with Ron Evans in the Command/Service Module in orbit, the crew transferred equipment and lunar samples between the LM and the CSM for return to Earth. Following this, the LM ascent stage was sealed off and jettisoned at 1:31 am on December 15. The ascent stage was then deliberately crashed into the Moon in a collision recorded by seismometers deployed on Apollo 17 and previous Apollo expeditions.[3][36]
On December 17, during the trip back to Earth, at 3:27 pm EST, Ron Evans successfully conducted a one-hour and seven minute spacewalk to retrieve exposed film from the instrument bay on the exterior of the CSM.[3]
On December 19, the crew jettisoned the no-longer-needed Service Module, leaving only the Command Module for return to Earth. The Apollo 17 spacecraft reentered Earth's atmosphere and landed safely in the Pacific Ocean at 2:25 pm, 6.4 kilometers (4.0 mi) from the recovery ship, USS Ticonderoga. Cernan, Evans and Schmitt were then retrieved by a recovery helicopter and were safely aboard the recovery ship 52 minutes after landing.[3][36]
Spacecraft locations[edit]
Apollo 17 Command Module, on display at Space Center Houston.
The Command Module America is currently on display at Space Center Houston at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.[37]
The ascent stage of lunar module Challenger impacted the Moon December 15, 1972 at 06:50:20.8 UT (1:50 am EST), at 19°58′N 30°30′E / 19.96°N 30.50°E / 19.96; 30.50 (Apollo 17 LM ascent stage).[37] The descent stage remains on the Moon at the landing site, 20°11′27″N 30°46′18″E / 20.19080°N 30.77168°E / 20.19080; 30.77168 (Apollo 17 LM descent stage).[1]
In 2009 and again in 2011, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter photographed the landing site from increasingly low orbits.[38]
Depiction of mission in fiction and popular culture[edit]
Portions of the Apollo 17 mission are dramatized in the 1998 HBO miniseries From the Earth to the Moon episode entitled "Le Voyage dans la Lune."[39]
The prologue to the 1999 novel Back to the Moon, by Homer Hickam, begins with a dramatized depiction of the end of the second Apollo 17 EVA. The orange soil then becomes the major driver of the plot of the rest of the story.[40]
The 2005 novel Tyrannosaur Canyon by Douglas Preston opens with a depiction of the Apollo 17 moonwalks using quotes taken from the official mission transcript.[41]
Additionally, there have been fictional astronauts in film, literature and television who have been described as "the last man to walk on the Moon," implying they were crew members on Apollo 17. One such character was Steve Austin in the television series The Six Million Dollar Man. In the 1972 novel Cyborg, upon which the series was based, Austin remembers watching the Earth "fall away during Apollo XVII."[42] In the 1998 film Deep Impact fictional astronaut Spurgeon "Fish" Tanner, portrayed by Robert Duvall, was described at a Presidential press conference as the "last man to walk on the moon" by the President of the United States, portrayed by Morgan Freeman.[43]
In the Anime Aldnoah.Zero, the Apollo 17 mission locates an ancient transporter gate leading to Mars left by an unknown, extinct alien race. This discovery is the divergence point for the story's alternate history.
The song "Contact" from Daft Punk includes audio from the Apollo 17 mission, courtesy of NASA and Captain Eugene Cernan.
The song "Tomorrow" by Public Service Broadcasting also includes audio of Commander Eugene A. Cernan and Lunar Module pilot Harrison “Jack” Schmitt from the mission.
Multimedia[edit]
The Apollo 17 Saturn V awaits launch
Vice President Spiro Agnew congratulates launch control after the launch
Apollo 17 photo of the Earth as the spacecraft heads for the Moon (known as "The Blue Marble photo")
Lunar Orbiter 4 image of the Taurus-Littrow valley, with the landing site near center.
Play media
Astronaut Harrison Schmitt falls while on a moonwalk
Harrison Schmitt poses with the American flag and Earth in the background during Apollo 17's first EVA. Eugene Cernan is visible reflected in Schmitt's helmet visor
View of the waning crescent Earth seen rising above the lunar horizon over the Ritz Crater
Schmitt stands next to a large boulder during EVA-3. He is looking in the direction of the LM which is visible beyond the right limb of the boulder.
Cernan in the Lunar Module after EVA-3
Schmitt in the Lunar Module after EVA-3
Play media
Apollo 17's Lunar Module blasts off and leaves the Moon
Evans performs an EVA before returning home
The plaque left on the Moon by Apollo 17
A model of the UV spectrometer used to take the first accurate measurements of the constituents of the Moon's atmosphere
Landing site, as imaged by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter in 2009
Narrow-angle image of the LM Challenger descent stage surrounded by LRV tracks and footprints, as imaged by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter in 2011
See also[edit]
Spaceflight portal
Apollo Command/Service Module
Apollo Lunar Module
Apollo program
List of Apollo missions
List of Apollo mission types
List of astronauts by year of selection
List of human spaceflights
List of human spaceflight programs
List of landings on extraterrestrial bodies
List of manned spacecraft
List of NASA missions
List of spacewalks and moonwalks 1965–1999
Moon landing
Saturn V
Taurus–Littrow
The Case of the Missing Moon Rocks
References[edit]
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
^ Jump up to: a b Orloff, Richard W. (September 2004) [First published 2000]. "Table of Contents". Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference. NASA History Division, Office of Policy and Plans. NASA History Series. Washington, D.C.: NASA. ISBN 0-16-050631-X. LCCN 00061677. NASA SP-2000-4029. Archived from the original on August 23, 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Landing Site Overview". Apollo 17 Mission. Lunar and Planetary Institute. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Wade, Mark. "Apollo 17". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on August 12, 2011. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Apollo 17 Mission Overview". Apollo Lunar Surface Journal. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
Jump up ^ [see chart]
Jump up ^ "Extravehicular Activity". NASA. Archived from the original on November 18, 2004. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Astronaut Bio: Harrison Schmitt". NASA. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Apollo 17 Crew". The Apollo Program. Washington, D.C.: National Air and Space Museum. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c "A Running Start – Apollo 17 up to Powered Descent Initiation". Apollo Lunar Surface Journal. Archived from the original on March 20, 2012. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Astronaut Bio: Joe Henry Engle". NASA. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Williams, Mike (27 February 2015). "Professor emeritus Curt Michel dies". Rice University News & Media. Retrieved 11 October 2015. He maintained that his decision to return to research prompted a shuffle among flight crews that led to one scientist, Harrison “Jack” Schmitt, landing on the moon with Apollo 17. “The National Academy of Sciences got all pushed out of shape when I left,” Michel said. “I think that was largely influential in Jack getting his flight. When it looked like their primary idea of getting a scientist to the moon was going to flop, they finally started pushing their weight around.” (Full interview at http://news.rice.edu/2009/07/17/from-astrophysicist-to-astronaut-and-back/)
^ Jump up to: a b "2 Astronauts Quitting Jobs And Military". Toledo Blade. Associated Press. 24 May 1972. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Apollo crew warned about commercialism". The Free Lance-Star. 1 August 1972. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Slayton & Cassutt 1994, p. 279
Jump up ^ "Astronaut Bio: Robert Overmyer". NASA. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Astronaut Bio: Robert Allan Ridley Parker". NASA. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Astronaut Bio: C. Gordon Fullerton". NASA. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Apollo Mission Insignias". NASA. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Apollo 17 Traverse Gravimeter Experiment". Apollo Lunar Surface Journal. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Mason, Betsy (20 July 2011). "The Incredible Things NASA Did to Train Apollo Astronauts". Wired Science. Condé Nast Publications. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Apollo 17 Press Kit" (PDF). Washington, D.C.: NASA. 26 November 1972. 72-220K. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2009. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Osborne, W. Zachary; Pinsky, Lawrence S.; Bailey, J. Vernon (1975). "Apollo Light Flash Investigations". In Johnston, Richard S.; Dietlein, Lawrence F.; Berry, Charles A. Biomedical Results of Apollo. Foreword by Christopher C. Kraft, Jr. Washington, D.C.: NASA. NASA SP-368. Archived from the original on September 17, 2011. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Surface Electrical Properties". Apollo 17 Science Experiments. Lunar and Planetary Institute. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Apollo Lunar Roving Vehicle". NASA. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Bailey. O.T.; et al. (1973). "26. Biocore Experiment". Apollo 17 Preliminary Science Report (NASA SPP-330).
Jump up ^ Haymaker, Webb; Look, Bonne C.; Benton, Eugene V.; Simmonds, Richard C. (January 1, 1975). "The Apollo 17 Pocket Mouse Experiment (Biocore)". In Johnston, Richard S.; Berry, Charles A.; Dietlein, Lawrence F. SP-368 Biomedical Results of Apollo (SP-368). Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. OCLC 1906749.
Jump up ^ Burgess, Colin; Dubbs, Chris (July 5, 2007). Animals in Space: From Research Rockets to the Space Shuttle. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 320. ISBN 9780387496788. Retrieved May 4, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Apollo 17 Launch Operations". NASA. Retrieved 16 November 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Landing at Taurus-Littrow". Apollo Lunar Surface Journal. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "ALSEP Off-load". Apollo Lunar Surface Journal. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Phillips, Tony (April 21, 2008). "Moondust and Duct Tape". Science@NASA. NASA. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Brzostowski, Matthew; Brzostowski, Adam (April 2009). "Archiving the Apollo active seismic data". The Leading Edge. Tulsa, OK: Society of Exploration Geophysicists. 28 (4): 414–416. doi:10.1190/1.3112756. ISSN 1070-485X. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "The First EVA". Apollo Lunar Surface Journal. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Preparations for EVA-2". Apollo Lunar Surface Journal. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "EVA-3 Close-out". Apollo Lunar Surface Journal. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Return to Earth". Apollo Lunar Surface Journal. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Apollo: Where are they now?". NASA. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Neal-Jones, Nancy; Zubritsky, Elizabeth; Cole, Steve (September 6, 2011). Garner, Robert, ed. "NASA Spacecraft Images Offer Sharper Views of Apollo Landing Sites". NASA. Goddard Release No. 11-058 (co-issued as NASA HQ Release No. 11-289). Retrieved 24 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "From the Earth to the Moon - Season 1, Episode 12: Le Voyage Dans La Lune". TV.com. San Francisco, CA: CBS Interactive. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Hickam 1999, pp. 3–8
Jump up ^ Anderson, Patrick (19 September 2005). "Rex Marks the Spot". The Washington Post. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Caidin 1972, p. 15
Jump up ^ "Deep Impact quotes". Subzin.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
Bibliography[edit]
Caidin, Martin (1972). Cyborg. New York: Arbor House. ISBN 0-87795-025-3. LCCN 73183758. OCLC 320464.
Hickam, Homer H., Jr. (1999). Back to the Moon. New York: Delacorte Press. ISBN 0-38533-422-2. LCCN 99021995. OCLC 40979898.
Slayton, Donald K. "Deke"; Cassutt, Michael (1994). Deke! U.S. Manned Space: From Mercury to the Shuttle (1st ed.). New York: Forge. ISBN 0-312-85503-6. LCCN 94002463. OCLC 29845663.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Apollo 17.
"Apollo 17" at Encyclopedia Astronautica
"Apollo 17" Detailed mission information by Dr. David R. Williams, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Apollo 17 Press Kit (PDF) NASA, Release No. 72-220K, 26 November 1972
"Table 2-45. Apollo 17 Characteristics" from NASA Historical Data Book: Volume III: Programs and Projects 1969–1978 by Linda Neuman Ezell, NASA SP-4012, NASA History Series (1988)
Apollo 17 Lunar Surface Journal
"Apollo 17 Real-Time Mission Experience" - All mission audio, film, video and photography presented in real-time.
Apollo 17 Mission Experiments Overview at the Lunar and Planetary Institute
Apollo 17 Voice Transcript Pertaining to the Geology of the Landing Site (PDF) by N. G. Bailey and G. E. Ulrich, United States Geological Survey, 1975
"Apollo Program Summary Report" (PDF), NASA, JSC-09423, April 1975
"Development of Manned Space Flight, American and Soviet" from The Partnership: A History of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project by Edward Clinton Ezell and Linda Neuman Ezell, NASA SP-4209, NASA History Series (1978)
The Apollo Spacecraft: A Chronology NASA, NASA SP-4009
Apollo 17 "On The Shoulders of Giants" - NASA Space Program & Moon Landings Documentary on YouTube
"The Final Flight" – excerpt from the September 1973 issue of National Geographic magazine
"Apollo 17 Final Reflections on Apollo" at Maniac World
[show]
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[show]
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← 1971 · Orbital launches in 1972 · 1973 →
Kosmos 471 | OPS 1737 · OPS 7719 | Intelsat IV F-4 | Kosmos 472 | HEOS-2 | Kosmos 473 | Luna 20 | Kosmos 474 | OPS 1844 | Kosmos 475 | OPS 1570 | Kosmos 476 | Pioneer 10 | Kosmos 477 · Nauka-14KS No.1 | TD-1A | Kosmos 478 | OPS 1678 | Kosmos 479 | OPS 5058 | Kosmos 480 | Kosmos 481 | Venera 8 | Meteor-MV No.23 | Kosmos 482 | Kosmos 483 | Molniya-1 No.27 · SRET-1 | Kosmos 484 · Nauka-5KS No.3 | Interkosmos 6 | Kosmos 485 | Prognoz 1 | Kosmos 486 | Apollo 16 (PFS-2) | OPS 5640 | Kosmos 487 | DS-P1-Yu No. 51 | Kosmos 488 | Kosmos 489 | Kosmos 490 · Nauka-1KS No.5 | Molniya-2-2 | OPS 6574 | Kosmos 491 | OPS 6371 | Kosmos 492 | Intelsat IV F-5 | Kosmos 493 | Kosmos 494 | Kosmos 495 | Kosmos 496 | Prognoz 2 | Interkosmos 7 | Kosmos 497 | Meteor-MV No.26 | Kosmos 498 | Kosmos 499 | OPS 7293 · OPS 7803 | Kosmos 500 | Kosmos 501 | Kosmos 502 | Kosmos 503 | Kosmos 504 · Kosmos 505 · Kosmos 506 · Kosmos 507 · Kosmos 508 · Kosmos 509 · Kosmos 510 · Kosmos 511 | ERTS-1 | Kosmos 512 | DOS No.122 | Kosmos 513 | Explorer 46 | Kosmos 514 | Kosmos 515 | Denpa | Copernicus | Kosmos 516 | Kosmos 517 | OPS 8888 | Unnamed | Triad 1 | Kosmos 518 | Kosmos 519 | Kosmos 520 | Explorer 47 | Kosmos 521 | Molniya-2-3 | Radcat 2 · Radsat | Kosmos 522 | Kosmos 523 | OPS 8314 · OPS 8314/2 | Kosmos 524 | Molniya-1 No.26 | NOAA-2 · OSCAR-6 | Unnamed | Kosmos 525 · Nauka-16KS No.1L | Kosmos 526 | Meteor-M No.25 | Kosmos 527 | Kosmos 528 · Kosmos 529 · Kosmos 530 · Kosmos 531 · Kosmos 532 · Kosmos 533 · Kosmos 534 · Kosmos 535 | Kosmos 536 | OPS 7323 | Anik A1 | Explorer 48 | ESRO-4 | Unnamed | Kosmos 537 | Interkosmos 8 | Molniya-1 No.28 | Apollo 17 | Nimbus 5 | Molniya-2-4 | Kosmos 538 | Aeros 1 | OPS 9390 | Kosmos 539 | OPS 3978 | Kosmos 540 | Kosmos 541 | Kosmos 542
Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Manned flights are indicated in bold text. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).
[show]
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No Exit (The Vampire Diaries)
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This article is about an episode of TV series The Vampire Diaries. For other uses, see No Exit.
"No Exit"
The Vampire Diaries episode
Episode no.
Season 5
Episode 14
Directed by
Michael Allowitz
Written by
Brian Young
Production code
2J7514
Original air date
February 27, 2014
Guest appearance(s)
Olga Fonda (Nadia)
Michael Malarkey (Enzo)
Rick Cosnett (Wes Maxfield)
Episode chronology
← Previous
"Total Eclipse of the Heart" Next →
"Gone Girl"
The Vampire Diaries (season 5)
List of The Vampire Diaries episodes
"No Exit" is the 14th episode of the fifth season of the American series The Vampire Diaries and the series' 103rd episode overall. "No Exit" was originally aired on February 27, 2014, on The CW. The episode was written by Brian Young and directed by Michael Allowitz.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Feature music
3 Reception
3.1 Ratings
3.2 Reviews
4 Notes
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
Enzo (Michael Malarkey) and Damon (Ian Somerhalder) turn people on vampires so that Damon can feed on since now, after Wes' (Rick Cosnett) injection, he craves on vampire blood and not human. The two of them try to leave the last victim's house when Wes appears with travelers who spell the house so vampires will not be able to get out. Wes informs them that he wants to make one last test; how long can Damon last before he attacks his friend to feed on.
Katherine (Nina Dobrev), still pretending to be Elena, tries to get closer to Stefan (Paul Wesley) so they can be back together. When Caroline (Candice Accola) arrives and tells them about Damon, Stefan wants to find him and Katherine offers to go with him. Caroline warns him that it is weird for him to be so close to "Elena" after everything that happened but he reassures her that they are just friends. Before Stefan and Katherine go, Caroline gets a phone call from Tyler (Michael Trevino) who tells her that he worries about Matt (Zach Roerig), who is vanished for two days, and that Nadia (Olga Fonda) was compelling him. Katherine hears Caroline's conversation with Tyler and she calls Nadia to ask if everything is fine. When Nadia tells her that Matt found out that she is not Elena, Katherine asks her to kill him. Caroline leaves to go to Tyler's while Katherine and Stefan leave to find Damon.
Caroline gets to Tyler's and they try to find out why Nadia would compel Matt and what does she want from him. The two of them feel awkward because of what happened between Caroline and Klaus (Joseph Morgan). At the same time, Matt tries to convince Nadia that she does not have to kill him and all he has to do is to convince his friends that he is fine. Matt returns home with Nadia and acts like everything is fine. He tells Tyler and Caroline that Nadia is not compelling him and that they just have fun together but Caroline is not really supportive of that. They both depart, leaving Matt and Nadia alone.
Katherine and Stefan are on the road in search of Damon and Katherine tries to seduce Stefan. She breaks the car so they can stay at a hotel she had seen till the car is ready. While being there, Enzo calls Stefan to inform him about the situation he and Damon are but Katherine answers who asks him to text her the address. Stefan goes to get the car and Katherine calls Nadia to tell her that she plans to lead Stefan on killing Damon to save her. Stefan gets back and before they leave the hotel, Katherine gets closer to him and kisses him. He kisses her back but he stops because "Elena" has just broken up with Damon and it is not right.
Enzo chains Damon on a chair in an attempt to prevent him of attacking him. Wes shoots Enzo to make him bleed, so Damon will not be able to resist. Damon breaks the chains and attacks Enzo who tries to tell him to stop. Damon chokes at Enzo's blood and Wes appears to tell him that it is because he had travelers to spell on it. He offers Enzo to go with him so he will not be killed by Damon since the spell will not last forever. Enzo does not want to go but Damon convinces him to do it because if he stays he will kill him. Enzo leaves with Wes and Damon stays alone, trapped in the house.
Nadia checks that finally vervain is out of Matt's system so she can compel him again but before she makes him forget, Matt tries to warn Caroline about Katherine taking over Elena's body. He kisses Nadia who kisses him back and while they are kissing, he tries to text Caroline. He manages to write "Help K" and send it to Caroline before Nadia sees him and stops him. She is hurt by his behavior and trying to fool her, so she compels him and starts to exit the house. Caroline, who got the text, meets Nadia at the door and asks her what is she planning and they start fighting. Tyler gets there in time to stop Nadia from killing Caroline and he fights Nadia who runs away.
Katherine and Stefan arrive at the house where Damon is but Damon warns them to not get into the house because they will not be able to get out and he will attack them. They tell him that they do not afraid of him and they both enter the house. Katherine, to help Damon fight his urge, cuts her hand with a class and provokes him with her blood telling him that he can fight it. Damon starts feeding on her, Stefan tells him to stop and Katherine kicks a stake towards Stefan telling him that Damon is going to kill her. Stefan, instead of taking the stake, he takes a piece of class and cuts himself to distract Damon. Damon leaves Katherine and Stefan snaps his head.
Katherine and Stefan bring Damon back to Mystic Falls and Katherine arranges immediately to meet Nadia. Katherine is happy because, despite that her plan to kill Damon did not work, she had a moment with Stefan. She stops smiling when Nadia tells her that she was bitten by Tyler Lockwood.
Damon wakes up chained on the Salvatore house's basement. Stefan is there and Damon tries to warn him that because of his cravings, one day he will kill him but Stefan tells him that they will find a solution. Damon points to Stefan that "Elena" provoked him to feed on her and then she kicked a stake towards him so he will kill him. Stefan does not believe that Elena would want that, he locks Damon up and gets upstairs where Caroline is. The two of them discuss what happened between Stefan and "Elena" and Caroline also tells him about Nadia and Matt and the text he sent to her. From Matt's text, who used "K" and not "E", they put the pieces together and they realize that Katherine is in Elena's body.
Feature music[edit]
In the "No Exit" episode we can hear the songs:[1]
"Radioactive" by Imagine Dragons
"You Belong Here" by Leagues
"Fleur Blanche" by Örsten
"Poisonous Spider" by Company
Reception[edit]
Ratings[edit]
In its original American broadcast, "No Exit" was watched by 2.03 million; down by 0.13 from the previous episode.[2]
Reviews[edit]
"No Exit" received mixed to negative reviews with many hoping that now that Katherine's secret was revealed, the show will "kick in".
Carrie Raisler from The A.V. Club gave a B rate to the episode saying that it was a filler episode: "this path to realization [finding out that Katherine is in Elena's body] basically creates a filler episode, a way to move the story to the place it needs to be for the inevitable big confrontation in the future [...] Katherine taking over Elena’s life was an incredibly inspired storyline, and watching it unfold has been delightful, but sooner or later, someone had to figure out what was going on. To spend an episode almost solely focused on making that happen is a good thing."[3]
Alyse Wax of Fearnet writes: "I miss the bad-assery this show used to have. Julie Plec took it all with her and stuffed it into The Originals. [...] All of the awesome, violent, supernatural drama has been replaced with standard who’s-sleeping-with-who nonsense, ever since the original vampires got their own show. I guess Klaus really took the bad-assery with him. Well, now everyone knows that “Elena” is really Katherine, so hopefully the crazy shit will kick in."[4]
Caroline Preece from Den of Geek gave a negative review saying that season five of the show has been the worst by far. "[The show] stopped being a fast-paced, well-written vampire show and became a long-running soap that happened to have mythical creatures in it. That’s not what any of us signed up for but, with the Katherine storyline presumably on its way out now that Stefan and Caroline have figured out the deceit and Nadia has a dreaded werewolf bite to contend with, maybe the next half-arsed arc will be better? Let’s hope so because, since we all know how fantastically entertaining this show can be at its best, there is always a glimmer of hope that it can return to form."[5]
Stephanie Hall from K Site TV said that overall the episode left her a feeling that this was an off week of the show. ""No Exit" was an uncharacteristically odd episode of The Vampire Diaries that primarily served to stall the impending solutions of this run of episodes’ two most pressing issues: Katherine and Damon. While it did bring our heroes a step closer to solving both of these problems, the ways in which it did so were not delivered with as much metaphoric bang as could be hoped."[6]
Matt Richenthal of TV Fanatic rated the episode with only 1.3/5 saying that it was one boring hour of television and that the writers recycles scenes and stories from previous episodes/seasons. "We knew from the moment Katherine inhabited Elena's body that she would eventually be found out. What other alternative possibly existed? So we've been waiting and waiting and waiting for that moment for weeks and that's exactly what tonight's episode felt like."[7]
Notes[edit]
The episode was dedicated to Sarah Jones,[8] who lost her life on February 20, 2014 on a train accident while being on set.[9]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Bell, Crystal (February 27, 2014). "The Vampire Diaries Music: Songs From Season 5, Episode 14 — "No Exit"". Wet Paint. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (February 28, 2014). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'The Big Bang Theory', 'Scandal', 'Grey's Anatomy', 'American Idol' & 'Parks & Recreation' Adjusted Up; 'The Millers' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Raisler, Carrie (February 27, 2014). "The Vampire Diaries: "No Exit"". The A.V. Club. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ Wax, Alyse (February 28, 2014). "TV Recap: 'The Vampire Diaries' Episode 514 - 'No Exit'". Fearnet. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ Preece, Caroline (March 3, 2014). "The Vampire Diaries season 5 episode 14 review: No Exit". Den of Geek. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ Hall, Stephanie (March 4, 2014). "The Vampire Diaries #5.14 "No Exit" Recap & Review". K Site TV. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ Richenthal, Matt (February 28, 2014). "The Vampire Diaries Review: Starving for Suspense". TV Fanatic. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ Somerhalder, Ian (February 27, 2014). "Tonights episode of the Vampire Diaries is dedicated in loving memory of our Cosmic Sister Sarah Jones whom we lost last week-pls watch2nite". Twitter. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ Koplowitz, Howard (February 21, 2014). "'Vampire Diaries' Crew Member, Sarah Jones, Dies In 'Midnight Rider' Train Accident". IBTimes. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
External links[edit]
List of The Vampire Diaries episodes on IMDb
Afterbuzz's discussion about "No Exit" on YouTube
[hide]
v
t
e
The Vampire Diaries
Episodes
Season 1
"Pilot"
"The Night of the Comet"
"Friday Night Bites"
"Family Ties"
"You're Undead to Me"
"Lost Girls"
"Haunted"
"162 Candles"
"History Repeating"
"The Turning Point"
"Bloodlines"
"Unpleasantville"
"Children of the Damned"
"Fool Me Once"
"A Few Good Men"
"There Goes the Neighborhood"
"Let the Right One In"
"Under Control"
"Miss Mystic Falls"
"Blood Brothers"
"Isobel"
"Founder's Day"
Season 2
"The Return"
"Brave New World"
"Bad Moon Rising"
"Memory Lane"
"Kill or Be Killed"
"Plan B"
"Masquerade"
"Rose"
"Katerina"
"The Sacrifice"
"By the Light of the Moon"
"The Descent"
"Daddy Issues"
"Crying Wolf"
"The Dinner Party"
"The House Guest"
"Know Thy Enemy"
"The Last Dance"
"Klaus"
"The Last Day"
"The Sun Also Rises"
"As I Lay Dying"
Season 3
"The Birthday"
"The Hybrid"
"The End of the Affair"
"Disturbing Behavior"
"The Reckoning"
"Smells Like Teen Spirit"
"Ghost World"
"Ordinary People"
"Homecoming"
"The New Deal"
"Our Town"
"The Ties That Bind"
"Bringing Out the Dead"
"Dangerous Liaisons"
"All My Children"
"The Departed"
Season 4
"Growing Pains"
"Memorial"
"The Rager"
"The Five"
"The Killer"
"We All Go a Little Mad Sometimes"
"My Brother's Keeper"
"We'll Always Have Bourbon Street"
"O Come, All Ye Faithful"
"After School Special"
"Catch Me If You Can"
"A View to a Kill"
Season 5
"I Know What You Did Last Summer"
"True Lies"
"Original Sin"
"For Whom the Bell Tolls"
"Monster's Ball"
"Handle with Care"
"Death and the Maiden"
"Dead Man on Campus"
"The Cell"
"Fifty Shades of Grayson"
"500 Years of Solitude"
"The Devil Inside"
"Total Eclipse of the Heart"
"No Exit"
"Gone Girl"
"While You Were Sleeping"
"Rescue Me"
"Resident Evil"
"Man on Fire"
"What Lies Beneath"
"Promised Land"
"Home"
Season 6
"I'll Remember"
"Yellow Ledbetter"
"Welcome to Paradise"
"Black Hole Sun"
"The World Has Turned and Left Me Here"
"The More You Ignore Me, the Closer I Get"
"Do You Remember the First Time?"
"Fade Into You"
"I Alone"
Season 7
"Gods and Monsters"
Season 8
"I Was Feeling Epic"
Characters
Elena Gilbert
Katherine Pierce
Stefan Salvatore
Damon Salvatore
Related
Awards and nominations
Novel series
L. J. Smith
Original Vampires
The Originals
episodes
season 1
2
3
4
5
characters
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=No_Exit_(The_Vampire_Diaries)&oldid=804222095"
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value: The More You Ignore Me, the Closer I Get (The Vampire Diaries)

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