text:
Anne (TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Anne
Also known as
Anne with an E
Genre
Drama
Created by
Moira Walley-Beckett
Based on
Anne of Green Gables
by Lucy Maud Montgomery
Screenplay by
Moira Walley-Beckett
Starring
Amybeth McNulty
Geraldine James
R.H. Thomson
Lucas Jade Zumann
Dalila Bela
Corrine Koslo
Aymeric Jett Montaz
Opening theme
"Ahead by a Century" by The Tragically Hip
Country of origin
Canada
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
1
No. of episodes
7 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Elizabeth Bradley
Alex Sapot
Sally Catto
Debra Hayward
Alison Owen
Miranda de Pencier
Moira Walley-Beckett
Producer(s)
Susan Murdoch
Cinematography
Bobby Shore
Running time
44 minutes
Production company(s)
Pelican Ballet
Northwood Entertainment
Distributor
Netflix
Release
Original network
CBC Television
Netflix (worldwide)
Picture format
4K (Ultra HD)
Audio format
Dolby Digital 5.1 with Descriptive Video Service track
Original release
March 19, 2017 (2017-03-19) – present (present)
External links
Website
Anne (titled Anne with an E for international distribution on Netflix) is a Canadian drama television series based on the 1908 novel Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery, and adapted by Emmy Award-winning writer and producer Moira Walley-Beckett.[1] It airs on CBC in Canada, and elsewhere in the world it is available for streaming on Netflix.[2] The first season consists of seven episodes, with Niki Caro directing the 90-minute season premiere.[3] The series premiered on March 19, 2017, on CBC, the season finale airing on April 30, 2017.[4]
On August 3, 2017, both CBC and Netflix renewed the series for a 10-episode second season to premiere in 2018.[5] Season 2 began production in November 2017.[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Premise
2 Cast
2.1 Main
2.2 Others
3 Production
3.1 Personnel
3.2 Casting
3.3 Filming locations
3.4 Music
4 Themes
5 Broadcast and release
6 Episodes
6.1 Season 1 (2017)
7 Reception
7.1 Critical response
8 References
9 External links
Premise[edit]
Brother and sister Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert, both in late middle age (Matthew is 60), decide to take on an orphan boy to help out around their ancestral farm of Green Gables, on the outskirts of the town of Avonlea, on Prince Edward Island. When Matthew goes to pick the child up at the railway station, he finds not a boy, but a high-spirited and talkative girl, Anne Shirley. At first, the Cuthberts are inclined to send her back, particularly after Marilla's brooch goes missing, and Anne, in despair, runs away. Reconciled and settled in her new home and school, Anne once again displays boundless enthusiasm which is nevertheless easily turned into despair when things go wrong, which they often do. Slowly, her ebullient nature wins over those around her.
Cast[edit]
Main[edit]
Amybeth McNulty as Anne Shirley[7]
Geraldine James as Marilla Cuthbert[7]
R. H. Thomson as Matthew Cuthbert[7]
Dalila Bela as Diana Barry[8]
Lucas Jade Zumann as Gilbert Blythe[9]
Corrine Koslo as Rachel Lynde[8]
Aymeric Jett Montaz as Jerry Baynard[8]
Others[edit]
Jonathan Holmes as Mr. William Barry
Helen Johns as Mrs. Eliza Barry
Ryan Kiera Armstrong as Minnie Mary Barry
Deborah Grover as Josephine Barry
Wayne Best as John Blythe
Phillip Williams as Thomas Lynde
David Ingram as Mr. Harmon Andrews
Janet Porter as Mrs. Andrews
Christian Martyn as Billy Andrews
Lia Pappas-Kemps as Jane Andrews
Ella Jonas Farlinger as Prissy Andrews
Jim Annan as Mr. Gillis
Fiona Byrne as Mrs. Gillis
Kyla Matthews as Ruby Gillis
Jacob Ursomarzo as Moody Spurgeon
Stephen Tracey as Mr. Phillips
Cory Gruter-Andrew as Cole Mackenzie
Miranda McKeon as Josie Pye
Glenna Walters as Tillie Boulter
Katelyn Wells as Mary Joe
Jacob Horsley as Charlie Sloane
Production[edit]
According to executive producer Miranda de Pencier, this adaptation of the novel has a different look and feel to past productions, aiming for a "documentary level of realism", as reflected in the extraordinary detail which has gone into the design of sets and costumes.[10]
Personnel[edit]
Besides the show itself having a larger number of female characters than male, women serving as executive producer and showrunner, the series has several female directors.[11] For the second season, showrunner and scriptwriter Moira Walley-Beckett is joined by a team of women writers.[12]
Casting[edit]
Approximately 1800 girls on three continents auditioned for the role of Anne Shirley. Amybeth McNulty was chosen for her ability to deliver dialogue which is "incredibly thick and dynamic and beautiful", according to Miranda de Pencier. Walley-Beckett describes her as at once "luminous," transparent, smart, soulful and emotional.[11]
Filming locations[edit]
The series is filmed partially in Prince Edward Island as well as locations in Southern Ontario (including Millbrook[13] and Caledon).[14]
Music[edit]
The opening theme is the song "Ahead by a Century" performed and originally composed by Canadian band The Tragically Hip.[11]
Themes[edit]
Moira Walley-Beckett had this to say about her treatment, which is darker than the previous productions: "In this day and age, themes of identity, prejudice, bullying, being an outsider, searching for a way to be accepted and how to belong are entirely topical and super relevant, and those are themes that are built into the story of 'Anne.'" She went on to call Anne Shirley an "accidental feminist", and how she "really wanted to tell this story now."[11]
Broadcast and release[edit]
The series initially premiered on March 19, 2017, on CBC and aired on a weekly basis, the season finale airing on April 30, 2017.
The series debuted on Netflix on May 12, 2017, under the title Anne with an E.[15][16]
Episodes[edit]
Season 1 (2017)[edit]
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Can. viewers
(millions)
1
"Your Will Shall Decide Your Destiny" Niki Caro Moira Walley-Beckett March 19, 2017 (2017-03-19) 0.999[17]
When a miscommunication brings a girl, Anne Shirley, to Green Gables instead of a boy, Marilla and Matthew Cuthbert are faced with a life-changing decision.
2
"I Am No Bird, and No Net Ensnares Me" Helen Shaver Moira Walley-Beckett March 26, 2017 (2017-03-26) 0.780[18]
Hoping all is not lost, Matthew races to catch up with Anne while Marilla anxiously hopes and waits for their return to Green Gables.
3
"But What Is So Headstrong as Youth?" Sandra Goldbacher Moira Walley-Beckett April 2, 2017 (2017-04-02) 0.994[19]
Anne is excited to begin school and make friends, but is unprepared for the bullying that occurs when she doesn't fit in. Marilla too, is testing new waters as she accepts an invitation to join a "Progressive Mothers" group.
4
"An Inward Treasure is Born" David Evans Moira Walley-Beckett April 9, 2017 (2017-04-09) 0.654[20]
Anne is faced with the decision of whether or not to return to school. But a fire at the Gillis house and Anne's generous actions help her in her choice.
5
"Tightly Knotted to a Similar String" Patricia Rozema Moira Walley-Beckett April 16, 2017 (2017-04-16) N/A
Anne must deal with the inevitability of womanhood when she gets her first period. At the same time, Marilla and Matthew acclimatize to parenthood and revisit moments of their youth through Anne.
6
"Remorse Is the Poison of Life" Paul Fox Moira Walley-Beckett April 23, 2017 (2017-04-23) 0.656[21]
When her little sister Minnie May becomes ill, Diana runs to Anne for help. Meanwhile, the Blythe farm sees change, as Marilla is reminded of what she gave up and Matthew receives some unsettling news.
7
"Wherever You Are Is My Home" Amanda Tapping Moira Walley-Beckett April 30, 2017 (2017-04-30) N/A
The Cuthberts vow to do whatever it takes to save the farm which reminds Anne of the strength of friendship and love.
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
The series has achieved a rating of 88% on Rotten Tomatoes, the site's critical consensus stating: "Anne with an E uses its complex central character to offer a boldly stylish, emotionally resonant spin on classic source material that satisfies in its own right."[22] The series has received a rating of 79 on Metacritic based on fifteen reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[23]
Emily Ashby, writing for Common Sense Media, calls the series an "exceptional" and "spectacular" interpretation, giving it four out of five stars.[24] Tasha Cerny, contributor for the Tracking Board, praises the cinematography as lush and colourful, the characters vibrant, and the plot "surprisingly thrilling for a story about a young girl living in a small secluded community in the late nineteenth century. I laughed, I cried, and I didn’t expect either from a show about a little girl."[25] Gwen Inhat of the A.V. Club, calls the series "at once darker and sweeter than the original" novel, praising the core cast, reserving the highest for the series lead: "Amybeth McNulty defies her youth with a performance that’s less a portrayal of Anne than an absolute possession. It can’t be easy to make Anne’s fanciful language sing the way she does, and McNulty captures the endearing awkwardness that enables Anne to win over everyone she comes in contact with."[26] Writing of the 90-minute premiere episode for the Toronto Star, Johanna Schneller was appreciative of Walley-Beckett's departures from the novel, bringing its subtext to the fore: "Reading between the novel's lines and adding verisimilitude, she gives us quick but potent glimpses of the miseries many orphans faced in 1890s imperialist culture."[27] Hanh Nguyen, reviewing the series for IndieWire, concurs with this assessment, saying: "Rather than ruining the series, they give the context for why Anne would be filled with gratitude for the beauties of nature, basic human decency and having a family to call her own. Montgomery had based much of Anne’s need for escape into imagination on her own lonely childhood, and her stories have always had an underlying poignancy that made them all the sweeter."[28] Jen Chaney, writing for Vulture.com, agrees, saying: "What distinguishes it from other previous Anne iterations is its willingness to harden some of the story’s softness, just enough, to create an element of realism that period pieces, Gables-related or not, can be inclined to avoid."[29] Neil Genzlinger writing for The New York Times, commenting on reports of darkness and grittiness, goes so far as to call the adaptation "richer" than the source material: "Ms. McNulty’s Anne is still wonderfully ebullient and eminently likable; she’s just not the one-dimensional figure of other adaptations".[30] Annie Hirschlag, writing for Mic, suggests that a genuinely contemporary Anne is bound to reflect the current television landscape and wider culture of its times (the 2010s): "Since today's entertainment is peppered with antiheroes — characters who are far from perfect, even occasionally villainous — it makes sense that Anne's familiar idealism is fringed with darkness and agony."[31]
Some reviewers were more ambivalent, mainly about Walley-Beckett's changes to the story. Canadian novelist Saleema Nawaz, who reviewed the 90-minute first episode for Toronto Life, said she enjoyed it more than she expected, particularly the set designs and costumes, as well as the performances by McNulty and Thomson, and she approved of the choice of theme song as reflective of the continued relevance of the source material. She was less sure about how far the series intended to stray from that source material, and disapproved of the "manufactured drama, such as Matthew’s wild horse ride".[32] Writing for Entertainment Weekly, Isabella Beidenharn expressed similar feelings, but, "putting the source material aside, it’s a fine show on its own", and she conceded that "inventing a dark side might help Anne With an E fit into today’s TV landscape".[33] Allison Keene, writing for Collider, agrees that Anne is a good drama on its own terms, but allows it is "only a fair adaptation" of the novel, at its best in the home scenes: "Anne with an E is undeniably the most stylish adaptation we’ve ever seen of Anne of Green Gables. But its desire to reveal more of Anne’s miserable past in order to be more true to what the desperation of an orphan is like feels at odds with Montgomery’s story."[34] Writing for Variety, critic Sonia Saraiya is even more ambivalent, describing the series as on the one hand "a brilliant adaptation" which "succeeds admirably", but on the other hand, "the show can’t quite sustain the brilliance, veering first into maudlin territory and then into the oddly saccharine as it tests out its tone", contending that "the show gets a bit bogged down in telling the story of Anne’s dysfunction", presenting "a slightly soapy view of Anne’s trials and tribulations that at times really humanize her and in others, are rather infantilizing".[35]
Sarah Larson, writing for The New Yorker, was not at all impressed with changes made to the story, arguing that they alter Anne's character to the point of non-recognition. While she acknowledges that bringing subtext to the fore is a fine idea, she is not pleased with the execution, saying that the result is part "the Anne we know and love" and part "untrustworthy stranger", calling the alteration and addition of scenes a "betrayal" of Montgomery's novel, comparing the treatment unfavourably to Patricia Rozema's 1999 adaptation of Jane Austen's Mansfield Park.[36] For Joanna Robinson, writing for Vanity Fair, a central problem with the show is that it "seems to think that in order for Anne to be a feminist figure, she has to butt up against a straw-man-filled patriarchy," and so it turned many of the male characters into misogynists, most notably the Reverend Allan, who is considered by Anne to be a "kindred spirit" in the book: "Anne with an E seems to think Anne’s triumphs are only noteworthy if she's continually told she can't succeed, when in fact her unfettered brilliance needs no such clumsy opposition. It also seems to think that Anne needs a radical feminist makeover when, in fact, the story of her success was feminist in its own right." This is part of a more general problem Robinson notes, that conflicts are exaggerated and overdone: "this series thrives on non-stop tragedy."[37]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Anne of Green Gables set for new life on CBC-TV". CBC.ca. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Netflix Boards CBC's 'Anne Of Green Gables' Adaptation; Niki Caro To Helm Premiere". Deadline. August 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ Katie Rogers. "Oh, Gilbert! 'Anne of Green Gables' Is Coming to Netflix". The New York Times. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Anne". CBC.ca. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ Yeo, Debra (August 3, 2017). "CBC and Netflix renew reimagined Anne of Green Gables". Toronto Star. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Anne (with an E): Season Two Filming Begins for CBC and Netflix Series". TV Series Finale. November 24, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Netflix's 'Anne of Green Gables' Adaptation Finds Its Anne Shirley, Casts 2 Other Roles". Deadline. October 21, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Netflix's 'Anne Of Green Gables' Adaptation Adds Three To Cast". Deadline.com. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Maureen McCormick To Guest In 'The Guest Book'; Lucas Jade Zumann Joins 'Anne'". Deadline.com. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hunt, Nigel (March 19, 2017). "'Ain't your grandmother's Anne': new series gives gritty Green Gables amid glut of Anne adaptations". CBC News. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Ahearn, Victoria (March 16, 2017). "VIDEO: CBC's 'Anne' shows darker past of 'accidental feminist' from Green Gables". Chronicle Herald. Canadian Press. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "CBC-TV and Netflix renew Anne series for 2nd season: Episodes will be written by team of female writers". CBC News Prince Edward Island. Canadian Press. 3 August 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Anderson, Lance (8 November 2016). "New series based on Anne of Green Gables filmed in Millbrook on Tuesday - MyKawartha.com".
Jump up ^ Fraser, Sara (November 28, 2016). "Behind the scenes on the newest Anne of Green Gables series". CBC News. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Get Red-dy! Netflix's 'Anne' Now Has a Release Date". EW.com. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Anne with an E Netflix". www.netflix.com. Retrieved 2017-04-20.
Jump up ^ "Top Programs – Total Canada (English) March 13, 2017 - March 19, 2017" (PDF). Numeris.
Jump up ^ Brioux, Bill [@BillBriouxTV] (March 31, 2017). "LAST SUN o'nites CBC Heartland 859k Anne 780k Story of Us 745k CTV Saving Hope 665k GLO NCIS:LA 1127k SNet NHL Van-Peg 473k" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ "Top Programs – Total Canada (English) March 27, 2017 - April 2, 2017" (PDF). Numeris.
Jump up ^ Brioux, Bill [@BillBriouxTV] (April 10, 2017). "SUN onites SNET NHL TOR-COL 1181k VAN--EDM 766k TSN CURL 1026k GLO NCISLA 1Mk CBC ANNE 654k STORY US 546k CITY SHOTS 623k CTV SAVE HOPE 548k" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Brioux, Bill [@BillBriouxTV] (April 24, 2017). "SJN o'nites SNet NHL TOR-WASH Game 6 3467k OTT-BOS 1284k OMNI2 TOR-WASH 121k CTV SAVE HOPE 686K CBC ANNE 656K STORY OF US 450K" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ "Anne with an E (2017 - )". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Anne with an E : Season 1". Metacritic. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Ashby, Emily. "Anne with an E". Common Sense Media. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Cerny, Tasha. "ANNE WITH AN E Review: "Episodes 1-3"". www.thetrackingboard.com. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Inhat, Gwen. "Anne With An E offers a winning, darker take on a familiar tale". A.V. Club. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Schneller, Johanna (March 20, 2017). "This Anne of Green Gables hints at miseries: What I'm Watching". Toronto Star. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Nguyen, Hanh. "'Anne with an E' Review: A 'Breaking Bad' Producer Updates 'Anne of Green Gables' for Our Darker Times". IndieWire. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Chaney, Jen. "Anne of Green Gables Fans, You Will Love Netflix's Anne With an E". Vulture.com. New York Magazine. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Genzlinger, Neil (May 11, 2017). "Review: 'Anne With an E' Is a Rewarding Return to Green Gables". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Hirschlag, Annie. "'Anne with an E' Review: The Neflix Adpatation Hits the Nostalgia Button and More". Mic.com. Mic (media Company). Retrieved 17 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Nawaz, Saleema (March 21, 2017). "We asked an Anne of Green Gables superfan to review the first episode of CBC's new TV series". Toronto Life. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Beidenharn, Isabella (May 15, 2017). "Anne With an E: EW review Netflix's new series has a different take on the pleasant Avonlea you may have grown up with". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Keene, Allison. "'Anne with an E' Review: Netflix's Green Gables Adaptation Has Grit". Collider. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Saraiya, Sonia (May 11, 2017). "TV Review: 'Anne With an E,' Based on the Book 'Anne of Green Gables'". Variety. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Larson, Sarah (May 11, 2017). "How Not to Adapt "Anne of Green Gables"". The New Yorker. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Robinson, Joanna (May 12, 2017). "The Depths of Despair: Anne of Green Gables: Netflix's Bleak Adaptation Gets It All So Terribly Wrong". Vanity Fair magazine. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
External links[edit]
Television in Canada portal
Anne on CBC
Anne with an E on Netflix
Anne on IMDb
[show]
v
t
e
The Anne of Green Gables series by L. M. Montgomery
Characters
Anne Shirley
Gilbert Blythe
Walter Blythe
Original novels
Anne of Green Gables (1908)
Anne of Avonlea (1909)
Anne of the Island (1915)
Anne of Windy Poplars (1936)
Anne's House of Dreams (1917)
Anne of Ingleside (1939)
Rainbow Valley (1919)
Rilla of Ingleside (1921)
Companion books
Chronicles of Avonlea (1912)
Further Chronicles of Avonlea (1920)
Before Green Gables (authorised prequel by Budge Wilson, 2008)
The Blythes Are Quoted (2009)
Films
Anne of Green Gables (1919)
Anne of Green Gables (1934)
Anne of Windy Poplars (1940)
Anne of Green Gables (1956)
Anne of Green Gables (1985)
Anne of Green Gables: The Sequel (1987)
Anne of Green Gables: The Continuing Story (2000)
Anne: Journey to Green Gables (2005)
Anne of Green Gables: A New Beginning (2008)
L.M. Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables (2016)
Television series
Anne of Green Gables (1972)
Anne of Avonlea (1975)
Anne of Green Gables (1979)
Road to Avonlea (1990-1996)
Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series (2000)
Kon'nichiwa Anne: Before Green Gables (2009)
Anne (2017)
Stage
Anne of Green Gables: The Musical (since 1965)
Anne & Gilbert (since 2005)
Related articles
Avonlea
Green Gables
[show]
v
t
e
CBC Television programs
List of programs broadcast by CBC Television
Primetime
21 Thunder (2017–)
Alias Grace (2017)
Anne (2017–)
Baroness von Sketch Show (2016–)
Burden of Truth (2018–)
Canada's Smartest Person (2012–)
Canada: The Story of Us (2017)
Caught (2018–)
CBC Music Backstage Pass (2013–)
CBC Selects (2014–)
Crash Gallery (2015–)
The Detectives (2018–)
Dragons' Den (2006–)
Exhibitionists (2015–)
The Filmmakers (2017)
Firsthand (2015–)
Fool Canada (2015–)
Frankie Drake Mysteries (2017–)
The Great Canadian Baking Show (2017–)
Ha!ifax Comedy Fest (1995–)
Heartland (2007–)
Hello Goodbye (2015–)
Hockey Night in Canada (1952–)
Interrupt This Program (2015–)
Keeping Canada Safe (2017)
Kim's Convenience (2016–)
Little Dog (2018–)
Mr. D (2012–)
Murdoch Mysteries (2012–)
The Nature of Things (1960–)
Rick Mercer Report (2004–)
Schitt's Creek (2015–)
The Stats of Life (2017–)
Still Standing (2015–)
This Hour Has 22 Minutes (1993–)
True North Calling (2017–)
Winnipeg Comedy Festival (2002–)
Workin' Moms (2017–)
Daytime
The Goods (2016–)
CBC Kids
The Adventures of Napkin Man! (2013–)
Animal Mechanicals (2008–)
Artzooka! (2010–)
Bo on the Go!
Busytown Mysteries (2007–)
The Doodlebops (2004–)
Dot. (2016)
Lunar Jim (2006–)
Monster Math Squad (2012–)
My Goldfish Is Evil (2006–)
Pirates: Adventures in Art (2010–)
Poko (2003–)
Razzberry Jazzberry Jam (2008–)
The Save-Ums! (2003–)
Snapshots (2016)
Theodore Tugboat (1993–)
Late night/Specials
Canadian Reflections (1978–)
News
Absolutely Canadian (2012–)
CBC News Network (simulcast; 2016–)
The Fifth Estate (1975–)
Mansbridge One on One (1999–)
Marketplace (1972–)
The National (1954–)
The Passionate Eye (1993–)
The Weekly with Wendy Mesley (2018–)
Upcoming
Crawford (Summer 2018)
[show]
v
t
e
Netflix original series
Current
Since 2013
House of Cards
Orange Is the New Black
Since 2014
BoJack Horseman
Since 2015
Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt
Chef's Table
Daredevil
Grace and Frankie
Residue
Sense8
Club de Cuervos
Project Mc2
Dinotrux
Narcos
Master of None
Jessica Jones
F Is for Family
Making a Murderer
Real Rob
Since 2016
Degrassi: Next Class
Fuller House
Lego Friends: The Power of Friendship
Flaked
Lost & Found Music Studios
The Ranch
Kong: King of the Apes
Marseille
Voltron: Legendary Defender
Word Party
World of Winx
Stranger Things
Home: Adventures with Tip & Oh
Last Chance U
Beat Bugs
Ask the StoryBots
Kulipari: An Army of Frogs
Easy
Luke Cage
Skylanders Academy
The Crown
3%
Luna Petunia
The OA
Travelers
Trollhunters
Since 2017
One Day at a Time
A Series of Unfortunate Events
Frontier
Santa Clarita Diet
Abstract: The Art of Design
Ultimate Beastmaster
Legend Quest
Buddy Thunderstruck
Iron Fist
Julie's Greenroom
Ingobernable
13 Reasons Why
Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Return
Bill Nye Saves the World
Dear White People
Cable Girls
Spirit Riding Free
Anne with an E
El Chapo
Free Rein
GLOW
Castlevania
Friends from College
Ozark
The Worst Witch
Atypical
True and the Rainbow Kingdom
Greenhouse Academy
The Confession Tapes
American Vandal
Neo Yokio
Jack Whitehall: Travels with My Father
Big Mouth
The Magic School Bus Rides Again
Suburra
Mindhunter
Super Monsters
Cuando conocí al Chapo: La historia de Kate del Castillo
Beyond Stranger Things
Blazing Transfer Student
The Punisher
Shot in the Dark
Stretch Armstrong and the Flex Fighters
She's Gotta Have It
Dark
Wormwood
The Toys That Made Us
Since 2018
The End of the F***ing World
My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman
Trolls: The Beat Goes On!
Llama Llama
The New Legends of Monkey
Altered Carbon
Dirty Money
Queer Eye
First Team: Juventus
The Joel McHale Show with Joel McHale
Ugly Delicious
B: The Beginning
Flint Town
Girls Incarcerated
A.I.C.O. -Incarnation-
Nailed It!
On My Block
Wild Wild Country
Alexa & Katie
The Mechanism
Requiem
Sword Gai: The Animation
Lost Song
Troy: Fall of a City
The Boss Baby: Back in Business
Lost in Space
Aggretsuko
Spy Kids: Mission Critical
The Letdown
Luis Miguel
Continuations
Arrested Development (season 4, 2013)
The Killing (season 4, 2014)
Star Wars: The Clone Wars (season 6, 2014)
Trailer Park Boys (seasons 8–11, 2014–17)
DreamWorks Dragons (seasons 3–8, 2015–18)
Longmire (seasons 4–6, 2015–17)
Justin Time (season 3, 2016)
Black Mirror (seasons 3–4, 2016–17)
Lovesick (seasons 2–3, 2016–18)
The Last Kingdom (season 2, 2017)
Glitch (season 2, 2017)
Ended
Lilyhammer (2012–14)
Hemlock Grove (2013–15)
Turbo FAST (2013–16)
VeggieTales in the House (2014–16)
Marco Polo (2014–16)
All Hail King Julien (2014–17)
The Adventures of Puss in Boots (2015–18)
Richie Rich (2015)
Bloodline (2015–17)
Between (2015–16)
Wet Hot American Summer: First Day of Camp (2015)
Popples (2015–16)
The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show (2015–17)
Care Bears and Cousins (2015–16)
W/ Bob & David (2015)
Atelier (2015)
Dawn of the Croods (2015–17)
Chelsea Does (2016)
Love (2016–18)
Lego Bionicle: The Journey to One (2016)
Netflix Presents: The Characters (2016)
Chelsea (2016–17)
Lady Dynamite (2016–17)
Hibana: Spark (2016)
Paranoid (2016)
The Get Down (2016–17)
StoryBots Super Songs (2016)
Haters Back Off (2016–17)
Roman Empire: Reign of Blood (2016)
Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life (2016)
Captive (2016)
White Rabbit Project (2016)
Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency (2016–17)
Crazyhead (2016)
Chasing Cameron (2016)
Edgar Rice Burroughs’ Tarzan and Jane (2017)
We're Lalaloopsy (2017)
Disjointed (2017–18)
Five Came Back (2017)
Girlboss (2017)
The Keepers (2017)
Gypsy (2017)
Wet Hot American Summer: Ten Years Later (2017)
The Defenders (2017)
Alias Grace (2017)
Godless (2017)
VeggieTales in the City (2017)
A StoryBots Christmas (2017)
Damnation (2017–18)
Devilman Crybaby (2018)
Collateral (2018)
Everything Sucks! (2018)
Seven Seconds (2018)
Upcoming
A Little Help with Carol Burnett (2018)
The Rain (2018)
Safe (2018)
The Break with Michelle Wolf (2018)
Samantha! (2018)
The Innocents (2018)
3 Below (2018)
Baki (2018)
Chilling Adventures of Sabrina (2018)
Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee (season 10, 2018)
Disenchantment (2018)
Distrito Salvaje (2018)
Dr. Seuss' Green Eggs and Ham (2018)
Harvey Street Kids (2018)
Hilda (2018)
Insatiable (2018)
Kingdom (2018)
Kiss Me First (2018)
Knights of the Zodiac: Saint Seiya (2018)
La Casa de las Flores (2018)
Maniac (2018)
The Ballad of Buster Scruggs (2018)
The Epic Tales of Captain Underpants (2018)
The Umbrella Academy (2018)
Carmen Sandiego (2019)
Jinn (2019)
Messiah (2019)
Money Heist (season 3, 2019)
Tales of the City (2019)
Top Boy (season 3, 2019)
The Last Kids on Earth (2019)
Wizards (2019)
Best Worst Weekend Ever (TBA)
Chambers (TBA)
Cursed (TBA)
Dead to Me (TBA)
Fast & Furious (TBA)
Ghoul (TBA)
Nightflyers (TBA)
Norm Macdonald Has a Show (TBA)
Paradise, P.D. (TBA)
Quicksand (TBA)
Raising Dion (TBA)
Ratched (TBA)
The Dark Crystal: Age of Resistance (TBA)
The Eddy (TBA)
The Forgiving Earth (TBA)
The Good Cop (TBA)
The Green Beret’s Guide to Surviving the Apocalypse (TBA)
The Haunting of Hill House (TBA)
The Kominsky Method (TBA)
The Order (TBA)
The Politician (TBA)
The Prince of Peoria (TBA)
The Spy (TBA)
The Witcher (TBA)
Tidelands (TBA)
Tuca & Bertie (TBA)
Unbelievable (TBA)
V-Wars (TBA)
Wanderlust (TBA)
Watership Down (TBA)
[show]
v
t
e
Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television Award for Best Dramatic Series
Gemini Awards
(1986–2011)
Night Heat (1986)
Night Heat (1987)
Degrassi Junior High (1988)
Degrassi Junior High (1989)
E.N.G. (1990)
E.N.G. (1991)
E.N.G. (1992)
E.N.G. (1993)
Due South (1994)
Due South (1995)
Due South (1996)
Traders (1997)
Traders (1998)
Da Vinci's Inquest (1999)
Da Vinci's Inquest (2000)
Da Vinci's Inquest (2001)
Da Vinci's Inquest (2002)
The Eleventh Hour (2003)
Da Vinci's Inquest (2004)
The Eleventh Hour (2005)
Slings & Arrows (2006)
Slings & Arrows (2007)
Intelligence (2008)
Flashpoint (2009)
The Tudors (2010)
The Borgias (2011)
Canadian Screen Awards
(2012–present)
Flashpoint (2012)
Orphan Black (2013)
Orphan Black (2014)
19-2 (2015)
Orphan Black (2016)
Anne (2017)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anne_(TV_series)&oldid=836596295"
Categories:
2010s Canadian drama television series
2017 Canadian television series debuts
Anne of Green Gables television series
CBC Television shows
English-language television programs
Netflix original programming
Television programs based on Canadian novels
Television programs based on children's books
Television series about orphans
Television series produced in Toronto
Television series set in the 19th century
Gemini and Canadian Screen Award for Best Drama Series winners
Hidden categories:
Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Deutsch
Español
Français
한국어
Italiano
עברית
Nederlands
日本語
Polski
Português
Русский
5 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 15 April 2018, at 19:06.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-style: italic; background: #CCCCFF; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

value:
/wiki/R.H._Thomson
mw-redirect
R.H. Thomson

value: text-align:center;background: #CCCCFF; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

value:
nofollow
http://www.cbc.ca/anne/
external text

value:
/wiki/Diana_Barry
mw-redirect
Diana Barry

value: Jonathan Holmes (actor) (page does not exist)

value: Philip Williams (actor) (page does not exist)

value: David Ingram (actor) (page does not exist)

value:
/wiki/Millbrook,_Ontario
mw-redirect
Millbrook, Ontario

value:
description
6
border-bottom:solid 3px #38A969

value:
/wiki/Vanity_Fair_magazine
mw-redirect
Vanity Fair magazine

value:
nofollow
external text
https://www.netflix.com/title/80136311

value:
nofollow
external text
https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/anne

value: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

value: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

value: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

value:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5421602/
external text

value: Template talk:Anne of Green Gables (page does not exist)

value:
/wiki/Anne_of_Avonlea_(1987_film)
mw-redirect
Anne of Avonlea (1987 film)

value: Anne of Green Gables: The Continuing Story

value: Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series

value: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: Template:CBC Television Shows (current and upcoming)

value: Template talk:CBC Television Shows (current and upcoming)

value: Keeping Canada Safe (page does not exist)

value: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: List of original programs distributed by Netflix

value: A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)

value: Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)

value: Wet Hot American Summer: First Day of Camp

value: Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency (TV series)

value: Wet Hot American Summer: Ten Years Later

value:
/wiki/Collateral_(miniseries)
mw-redirect
Collateral (miniseries)

value: Chilling Adventures of Sabrina (TV series)

value:
/wiki/Wizards_(2019_TV_series)
mw-redirect
Wizards (2019 TV series)

value: Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television

value: Canadian Screen Award for Best Dramatic Series

value: Category:2010s Canadian drama television series

value: Category:2017 Canadian television series debuts

value: Category:Anne of Green Gables television series

value: Category:Television programs based on Canadian novels

value: Category:Television programs based on children's books

value: Category:Television series about orphans

value: Category:Television series produced in Toronto

value: Category:Television series set in the 19th century

value: Category:Gemini and Canadian Screen Award for Best Drama Series winners

value: Category:Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Anne_(TV_series)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: آن (مسلسل) – Arabic

value: Anne (serie de televisión de 2017) – Spanish

value: 빨간 머리 앤 (드라마) – Korean

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

value: אן (סדרת טלוויזיה) – Hebrew

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

value: アンという名の少女 – Japanese

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

value: Энн (телесериал) – Russian

value: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Anne_TV_series rootpage-Anne_TV_series skin-vector action-view


text:
Humus
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the organic matter in soil. For the food, see Hummus. For the band, see Humus (band).
show
This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (May 2016) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
View a machine-translated version of the German article.
Google's machine translation is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary (using German): Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Exact name of German article]]; see its history for attribution.
You should also add the template {{Translated|de|Humus}} to the talk page.
For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.
show
This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Italian. (May 2017) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
View a machine-translated version of the Italian article.
Google's machine translation is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary (using German): Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Exact name of German article]]; see its history for attribution.
You should also add the template {{Translated|it|Humus}} to the talk page.
For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.
Humus has a characteristic black or dark brown color and is an accumulation of organic carbon. Besides the three major soil horizons of (A) surface/topsoil, (B) subsoil, and (C) substratum, some soils have an organic horizon (O) on the very surface. Hard bedrock (R) is not in a strict sense soil.
In soil science, humus (derived in 1790–1800 from the Latin humus for earth, ground[1]) denominates the fraction of soil organic matter that is amorphous and without the "cellular cake structure characteristic of plants, micro-organisms or animals."[2] Humus significantly affects the bulk density of soil and contributes to its retention of moisture and nutrients.
In agriculture, "humus" sometimes also is used to describe mature or natural compost extracted from a woodland or other spontaneous source for use as a soil conditioner.[3] It is also used to describe a topsoil horizon that contains organic matter (humus type,[4] humus form,[5] humus profile).[6]
Humus is the dark organic matter that forms in soil when dead plant and animal matter decays. Humus has many nutrients that improve the health of soil, nitrogen being the most important. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C:N) of humus is 10:1.
Contents
[hide]
1 Description
2 Humification
3 Stability
4 Horizons
5 Benefits of soil organic matter and humus
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Description[edit]
It is difficult to define humus precisely because it is a very complex substance which is not fully understood. Humus is different from decomposing soil organic matter. The latter looks rough and has visible remains of the original plant or animal matter. Fully humified humus, on the contrary, has a uniformly dark, spongy, and jelly-like appearance, and is amorphous; it may gradually decompose over several years or persist for millennia.[7] It has no determinate shape, structure, or quality. However, when examined under a microscope, humus may reveal tiny plant, animal, or microbial remains that have been mechanically, but not chemically, degraded.[8] This suggests an ambiguous boundary between humus and soil organic matter. While distinct, humus is an integral part of soil organic matter.[9]
Humification[edit]
Microorganisms decompose a large portion of the soil organic matter into inorganic minerals that the roots of plants can absorb as nutrients. This process is termed "mineralization". In this process, nitrogen (nitrogen cycle) and the other nutrients (nutrient cycle) in the decomposed organic matter are recycled. Depending on the conditions in which the decomposition occurs, a fraction of the organic matter does not mineralize, and instead is transformed by a process called "humification" into concatenations of organic polymers. Because these organic polymers are resistant to the action of microorganisms, they are stable, and constitute humus. This stability implies that humus integrates into the permanent structure of the soil, thereby improving it.[10]
Humification can occur naturally in soil or artificially in the production of compost. Organic matter is humified by a combination of saprotrophic fungi, bacteria, microbes and animals such as earthworms, nematodes, protozoa, and arthropods.[11][better source needed] Plant remains, including those that animals digested and excreted, contain organic compounds: sugars, starches, proteins, carbohydrates, lignins, waxes, resins, and organic acids. Decay in the soil begins with the decomposition of sugars and starches from carbohydrates, which decompose easily as detritivores initially invade the dead plant organs, while the remaining cellulose and lignin decompose more slowly.[12] Simple proteins, organic acids, starches, and sugars decompose rapidly, while crude proteins, fats, waxes, and resins remain relatively unchanged for longer periods of time. Lignin, which is quickly transformed by white-rot fungi,[13] is one of the primary precursors of humus,[14] together with by-products of microbial[15] and animal[16] activity. The humus produced by humification is thus a mixture of compounds and complex biological chemicals of plant, animal, or microbial origin that has many functions and benefits in soil. Some judge earthworm humus (vermicompost) to be the optimal organic manure.[17]
Stability[edit]
Much of the humus in most soils has persisted for more than 100 years, rather than having been decomposed into CO2, and can be regarded as stable; this organic matter has been protected from decomposition by microbial or enzyme action because it is hidden (occluded) inside small aggregates of soil particles, or tightly sorbed or complexed) to clays.[18] Most humus that is not protected in this way is decomposed within 10 years and can be regarded as less stable or more labile. Stable humus contributes few plant-available nutrients in soil, but it helps maintain its physical structure.[19] A very stable form of humus is formed from the slow oxidation of soil carbon after the incorporation of finely powdered charcoal into the topsoil. This process is speculated to have been important in the formation of the very fertile Amazonian terra preta do Indio.[20]
Horizons[edit]
Humus has a characteristic black or dark brown color and is organic due to an accumulation of organic carbon. Soil scientists use the capital letters O, A, B, C, and E to identify the master horizons, and lowercase letters for distinctions of these horizons. Most soils have three major horizons: the surface horizon (A), the subsoil (B), and the substratum (C). Some soils have an organic horizon (O) on the surface, but this horizon can also be buried. The master horizon (E) is used for subsurface horizons that have significantly lost minerals (eluviation). Bedrock, which is not soil, uses the letter R.
Benefits of soil organic matter and humus[edit]
The importance of chemically stable humus is thought by some to be the fertility it provides to soils in both a physical and chemical sense,[21] though some agricultural experts put a greater focus on other features of it, such as its ability to suppress disease.[22] It helps the soil retain moisture[23] by increasing microporosity,[24] and encourages the formation of good soil structure.[25][26] The incorporation of oxygen into large organic molecular assemblages generates many active, negatively charged sites that bind to positively charged ions (cations) of plant nutrients, making them more available to the plant by way of ion exchange.[27] Humus allows soil organisms to feed and reproduce, and is often described as the "life-force" of the soil.[28][29]
The process that converts soil organic matter into humus feeds the population of microorganisms and other creatures in the soil, and thus maintains high and healthy levels of soil life.[28][29]
The rate at which soil organic matter is converted into humus promotes (when fast) or limits (when slow) the coexistence of plants, animals, and microorganisms in the soil.
Effective humus and stable humus are additional sources of nutrients for microbes: the former provides a readily available supply and the latter acts as a longeval storage reservoir.
Decomposition of dead plant material causes complex organic compounds to be slowly oxidized (lignin-like humus) or to decompose into simpler forms (sugars and amino sugars, and aliphatic and phenolic organic acids), which are further transformed into microbial biomass (microbial humus) or reorganized, and further oxidized, into humic assemblages (fulvic and humic acids), which bind to clay minerals and metal hydroxides. The ability of plants to absorb humic substances with their roots and metabolize them has been long debated. There is now a consensus that humus functions hormonally rather than simply nutritionally in plant physiology.[30][31]
Humus is a colloidal substance and increases the cation exchange capacity of soil, hence its ability to store nutrients by chelation. While these nutrient cations are available to plants, they are held in the soil and prevented from being leached by rain or irrigation.[27]
Humus can hold the equivalent of 80–90% of its weight in moisture, and therefore increases the soil's capacity to withstand drought.[32][33]
The biochemical structure of humus enables it to moderate, i. e. buffer, excessive acidic or alkaline soil conditions.[34]
During humification, microbes secrete sticky, gum-like mucilages; these contribute to the crumby structure (tilth) of the soil by adhering particles together and allowing greater aeration of the soil.[35] Toxic substances such as heavy metals and excess nutrients can be chelated, i. e., bound to the organic molecules of humus, and so prevented from leaching away.[36]
The dark, usually brown or black, color of humus helps to warm cold soils in Spring.
See also[edit]
Biochar
Biomass
Biotic material
Detritus
Glomalin
Humic acid
Immobilization (soil science)
Mineralization (soil science)
Mycorrhizal fungi and soil carbon storage
Organic matter
Plant litter
Soil horizon
Soil organic matter
Soil science
Terra preta
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Humus." Dictionary.com Unabridged, version 1.1. Random House, Inc., 23 Sep 2008, in [1].
Jump up ^ Whitehead, D. C.; Tinsley, J. (1963). "The biochemistry of humus formation". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 14 (12): 849–857. doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740141201. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Humus." Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc., 2011. Accessed 24 Nov 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/276408/humus>.
Jump up ^ Chertov, O.G.; Kornarov, A.S.; Crocker, G.; Grace, P.; Klir, J.; Körschens, M.; Poulton, P.R.; Richter, D. (1997). "Simulating trends of soil organic carbon in seven long-term experiments using the SOMM model of the humus types". Geoderma. 81: 121–135. doi:10.1016/S0016-7061(97)00085-2.
Jump up ^ Baritz, R., 2003. Humus forms in forests of the northern German lowlands. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, Germany, 145 pp.[2]
Jump up ^ Bunting, B.T.; Lundberg, J. (1995). "The humus profile-concept, class and reality". Geoderma. 40: 17–36. doi:10.1016/0016-7061(87)90011-5.
Jump up ^ Di Giovanni1, C.; Disnar, J.R.; Bichet, V.; Campy, M. (1998). "Sur la présence de matières organiques mésocénozoïques dans des humus actuels (bassin de Chaillexon, Doubs, France)". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série IIA. 326: 553–559. doi:10.1016/S1251-8050(98)80206-1.
Jump up ^ Nicolas Bernier and Jean-François Ponge (1994). "Humus form dynamics during the sylvogenetic cycle in a mountain spruce forest" (PDF). Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 26 (2): 183–220. doi:10.1016/0038-0717(94)90161-9.
Jump up ^ Humintech® | Definition Of Soil Organic Matter & Humic Acids Based Products
Jump up ^ Brady, N. C.; Weil, R. R. (1999). The nature and properties of soils. Upper Saddle River, N. J.: Prentice Hall, Inc.
Jump up ^ Soil biology
Jump up ^ Berg, B., McClaugherty, C., 2007. Plant litter: decomposition, humus formation, carbon sequestration, 2nd ed. Springer, 338 pp., ISBN 3-540-74922-5
Jump up ^ Levin, L.; Forchiassin, F.; Ramos, A.M. (2002). "Copper induction of lignin-modifying enzymes in the white-rot fungus Trametes trogii". Mycologia. 94: 377–383. doi:10.2307/3761771.
Jump up ^ González-Pérez, M.; Vidal Torrado, P.; Colnago, L.A.; Martin-Neto, L.; Otero, X.L.; Milori, D.M.B.P.; Haenel Gomes, F. (2008). "13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopy characterization of humic acids in spodosols under tropical rain forest in southeastern Brazil". Geoderma. 146: 425–433. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.06.018.
Jump up ^ Knicker, H.; Almendros, G.; González-Vila, F.J.; Lüdemann, H.D.; Martin, F. (1995). "13C and 15N NMR analysis of some fungal melanins in comparison with soil organic matter". Organic Geochemistry. 23: 1023–1028. doi:10.1016/0146-6380(95)00094-1.
Jump up ^ Muscoloa, A.; Bovalob, F.; Gionfriddob, F.; Nardi, S. (1999). "Earthworm humic matter produces auxin-like effects on Daucus carota cell growth and nitrate metabolism". Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 31: 1303–1311. doi:10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00049-8.
Jump up ^ Vermiculture
Jump up ^ Dungait, J. A.; Hopkins, D. W.; Gregory, A. S.; Whitmore, A. P. (2012). "Soil organic matter turnover is governed by accessibility not recalcitrance" (PDF). Global Change Biology. 18 (6): 1781–1796. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02665.x. Retrieved 30 August 2014. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Oades, J. M. (1984). "Soil organic matter and structural stability: mechanisms and implications for management". Plant and soil. 76: 319–337. doi:10.1007/BF02205590. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Lehmann, J., Kern, D.C., Glaser, B., Woods, W.I., 2004. Amazonian Dark Earths: origin, properties, management. Springer, 523 pp. ISBN 978-1-4020-1839-8
Jump up ^ Hargitai, L (1993). "The soil of organic matter content and humus quality in the maintenance of soil fertility and in environmental protection". Landscape and Urban Planning. 27 (2–4): 161–167. doi:10.1016/0169-2046(93)90044-E.
Jump up ^ Hoitink, H.A.; Fahy, P.C. (1986). "Basic for the control of soilborne plant pathogens with composts". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 24: 93–114. doi:10.1146/annurev.py.24.090186.000521.
Jump up ^ C.Michael Hogan. 2010. Abiotic factor. Encyclopedia of Earth. eds Emily Monosson and C. Cleveland. National Council for Science and the Environment Archived 8 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine.. Washington DC
Jump up ^ De Macedo, J.R.; Do Amaral, Meneguelli; Ottoni, T.B.; Araujo, Jorge Araújo; de Sousa Lima, J. (2002). "Estimation of field capacity and moisture retention based on regression analysis involving chemical and physical properties in Alfisols and Ultisols of the state of Rio de Janeiro". Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 33 (13–14): 2037–2055. doi:10.1081/CSS-120005747.
Jump up ^ Hempfling, R.; Schulten, H.R.; Horn, R. (1990). "Relevance of humus composition to the physical/mechanical stability of agricultural soils: a study by direct pyrolysis-mass spectrometry". Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 17 (3): 275–281. doi:10.1016/0165-2370(90)85016-G.
Jump up ^ Soil Development: Soil Properties Archived 28 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b Szalay, A (1964). "Cation exchange properties of humic acids and their importance in the geochemical enrichment of UO2++ and other cations". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 28: 1605–1614. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(64)90009-2.
^ Jump up to: a b Elo, S.; Maunuksela, L.; Salkinoja-Salonen, M.; Smolander, A.; Haahtela, K. (2006). "Humus bacteria of Norway spruce stands: plant growth promoting properties and birch, red fescue and alder colonizing capacity". FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 31: 143–152. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2000.tb00679.x.
^ Jump up to: a b Vreeken-Buijs, M.J.; Hassink, J.; Brussaard, L. (1998). "Relationships of soil microarthropod biomass with organic matter and pore size distribution in soils under different land use". Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 30: 97–106. doi:10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00064-3.
Jump up ^ Eyheraguibel, B.; Silvestrea, J. Morard (2008). "Effects of humic substances derived from organic waste enhancement on the growth and mineral nutrition of maize". Bioresource Technology. 99: 4206–4212. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.08.082.
Jump up ^ Zandonadi, D. B.; Santos, M. P.; Busato, J. G.; Peres, L. E. P.; Façanha, A. R. (2013). "Plant physiology as affected by humified organic matter". Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology. 25: 13–25. doi:10.1590/S2197-00252013000100003. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Olness, A.; Archer, D. (2005). "Effect of organic carbon on available water in soil". Soil Science. 170: 90–101. doi:10.1097/00010694-200502000-00002.
Jump up ^ Effect of Organic Carbon on Available Water in Soil : Soil Science
Jump up ^ Kikuchi, R (2004). "Deacidification effect of the litter layer on forest soil during snowmelt runoff: laboratory experiment and its basic formularization for simulation modeling". Chemosphere. 54 (8): 1163–1169. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.10.025. PMID 14664845.
Jump up ^ Caesar-Tonthat, T.C. (2002). "Soil binding properties of mucilage produced by a basidiomycete fungus in a model system". Mycological Research. 106 (8): 930–937. doi:10.1017/S0953756202006330.
Jump up ^ Huang, D.L.; Zeng, G.M.; Feng, C.L.; Hu, S.; Jiang, X.Y.; Tang, L.; Su, F.F.; Zhang, Y.; Zeng, W.; Liu, H.L. (2008). "Degradation of lead-contaminated lignocellulosic waste by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and the reduction of lead toxicity". Environmental Science and Technology. 42 (13): 4946–4951. Bibcode:2008EnST...42.4946H. doi:10.1021/es800072c. PMID 18678031.
External links[edit]
Find more aboutHumusat Wikipedia's sister projects
Definitions from Wiktionary
Quotations from Wikiquote
Jerzy Weber. "Types of humus in soils". Agricultural University of Wroclaw, Poland. Retrieved 2013-12-12.
Wershaw, R.L. "Evaluation of conceptual models of natural organic matter (humus) from a consideration of the chemical and biochemical processes of humification" (PDF). pubs.usgs.gov. USGS. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
IHSS. "What are Humic Substances?". International Humic Substances Society. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humus&oldid=836895980"
Categories:
Composting
Soil improvers
Soil science
Organic gardening
Organic farming
Sustainable agriculture
Hidden categories:
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from April 2017
Articles with permanently dead external links
Webarchive template wayback links
Articles to be expanded from May 2016
All articles to be expanded
Articles needing translation from German Wikipedia
Articles to be expanded from May 2017
Articles needing translation from Italian Wikipedia
Use dmy dates from April 2014
All articles lacking reliable references
Articles lacking reliable references from February 2017
Pages using div col with deprecated parameters
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
অসমীয়া
Azərbaycanca
Беларуская
Български
Català
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Gaeilge
Galego
한국어
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Ido
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Basa Jawa
ქართული
Қазақша
Kiswahili
Kreyòl ayisyen
Latina
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Magyar
Bahasa Melayu
Монгол
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Occitan
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Simple English
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Suomi
Svenska
Татарча/tatarça
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
中文
49 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 17 April 2018, at 14:11.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

tag: div

attr: id class

value: mw-page-base noprint

key: html

type: local

value: mw-head-base noprint

tag: a

attr: id class lang

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attr: href title

attr: role class

value:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

tag: img

attr: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

tag: td

tag: span

attr: class role tabindex

attr: href class title

tag: b

tag: small

tag: i

value: font-size:100%;line-height:1.6;font-weight:bold;background:transparent;text-align:center;;padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left

attr: rel class href

tag: li

value: text-align: left; display: none; background: transparent;

value:
plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice
presentation

attr: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact

value:
/wiki/Complex_(chemistry)
mw-redirect
Complex (chemistry)

value: Edit section: Benefits of soil organic matter and humus

value:
/wiki/Natural_phenol
mw-redirect
Natural phenol

value:
/wiki/Cation_exchange_capacity
mw-redirect
Cation exchange capacity

value:
/wiki/Alkali_soils
mw-redirect
Alkali soils

value:
/wiki/Heavy_metal_(chemistry)
mw-redirect
Heavy metal (chemistry)

value: Mycorrhizal fungi and soil carbon storage

value: div-col columns column-count column-count-2

value: -moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;

value:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1002%2Fjsfa.2740141201

value:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2307%2F3761771

value:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02205590

value:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1081%2FCSS-120005747

value:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

value:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14664845

value:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1021%2Fes800072c

value:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18678031

value: padding-bottom: 0.75em; text-align: center;

attr: alt src width height style srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;

value: display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;

value: border-top:1px solid #aaa; padding-top: 0.75em;

value: metadata plainlinks plainlist mbox-small

value: border:1px solid #aaa; padding:0.75em; background:#f9f9f9;

value:
nofollow
http://humic-substances.org/
external text

value: Category:All articles with dead external links

value: Category:Articles with dead external links from April 2017

value: Category:Articles with permanently dead external links

value: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

value: Category:Articles to be expanded from May 2016

value: Category:Articles needing translation from German Wikipedia

value: Category:Articles to be expanded from May 2017

value: Category:Articles needing translation from Italian Wikipedia

value: Category:All articles lacking reliable references

value: Category:Articles lacking reliable references from February 2017

value: Category:Pages using div col with deprecated parameters

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Humus
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value:
/w/index.php?title=Humus&action=edit
Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e]
e

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

value: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-as
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

value:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus
Humus – Catalan
ca
ca
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

value:
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus
Humus – Czech
cs
cs
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

value:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus
Humus – Danish
da
da
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

value:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus
Humus – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-de
display: none;

value:
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huumus
Huumus – Estonian
et
et
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

value: Χούμος – Greek

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

value:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus
Humus – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

value:
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humo
Humo – Esperanto
eo
eo
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

value:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus
Humus – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

value: گیاخاک – Persian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

value:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus
Humus – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ga
display: none;

value:
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus
Humus – Galician
gl
gl
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

value: Հումուս – Armenian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

value:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus
Humus – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

value:
https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humuso
Humuso – Ido
io
io
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-io
display: none;

value:
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus
Humus – Indonesian
id
id
interlanguage-link-target

value:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus
Humus – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

value: הומוס – Hebrew

value:
https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus
Humus – Javanese
jv
jv
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-jv
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ka
display: none;

value: Гумус – Kazakh

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
display: none;

value:
https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutuba
Rutuba – Swahili
sw
sw
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sw
display: none;

value:
https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imis
Imis – Haitian Creole
ht
ht
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ht
display: none;

value:
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus
Humus – Latin
la
la
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

value:
https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humusas
Humusas – Lithuanian
lt
lt
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

value:
https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humusz
Humusz – Hungarian
hu
hu
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

value:
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus
Humus – Malay
ms
ms
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mn
display: none;

value:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus
Humus – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

value:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus
Humus – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

value:
https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus
Humus – Norwegian Nynorsk
nn
nn
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

value:
https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Um%C3%BAs
Umús – Occitan
oc
oc
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-oc
display: none;

value:
https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gumus
Gumus – Uzbek
uz
uz
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uz
display: none;

value:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus
Humus – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

value:
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus
Humus – Simple English
simple
simple
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

value:
https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus
Humus – Slovenian
sl
sl
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

value:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus
Humus – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

value:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus
Humus – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

value: Гумус – Tatar

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tt
display: none;

value: ฮิวมัส – Thai

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

value:
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B9n
Mùn – Vietnamese
vi
vi
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Humus rootpage-Humus skin-vector action-view


text:
What a Friend We Have in Jesus
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"What a Friend We Have in Jesus"
Song
Genre
Hymn
Composer(s)
Charles C. Converse (1868)
Lyricist(s)
Joseph M. Scriven (1855)
"What a Friend We Have in Jesus" is a Christian hymn originally written by Joseph M. Scriven as a poem in 1855 to comfort his mother who was living in Ireland while he was in Canada. Scriven originally published the poem anonymously, and only received full credit for it in the 1880s.[1] The tune to the hymn was composed by Charles Crozat Converse in 1868. William Bolcom composed a setting of the hymn.
The hymn also has many versions with different lyrics in multiple languages. The Handbook to the Lutheran Hymnal notes, "In spite of the fact that this hymn, with its tune, has been criticized as being too much on the order of the sentimental gospel type, its popularity remains strong, and the hymn retains a place in modern hymnals."[2] In some settings, the lyrics have been matched to other tunes such as the Welsh "Calon Lân" (originally wedded to the Welsh poem translated as "A Pure Heart").
What a Friend We Have In Jesus
Performed by the Onward Brass Band
Problems playing this file? See media help.
Contents
[hide]
1 Renditions
1.1 In Asia
2 In popular culture
3 Published versions
4 References
5 External links
Renditions[edit]
Washington Phillips, as "Jesus Is My Friend" (1928, Columbia Records)[3][4]
Bing Crosby (1951, Beloved Hymns)
Rosemary Clooney (1959, Hymns from the Heart, MGM Records)
Ella Fitzgerald with the Ralph Carmichael Choir (1967, Brighten the Corner)
Aretha Franklin (1972, Amazing Grace)
Alan Price used the tune for his song "Changes" in the 1973 film O Lucky Man!, which was reused in a Volkswagen commercial of the same name with Paula Hamilton in the 1980s.[5]
Glen Campbell (1989, Favorite Hymns)
Driving Miss Daisy (1989) sung at Little Friendship Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia
Ike & Tina Turner (1974, The Gospel According to Ike & Tina)
The John Tesh Project (2000, Pure Hymns)[6]
Amy Grant recorded it as part of the medley "What a Friend We Have in Jesus/Old Rugged Cross/How Great Thou Art" on her 2002 studio album Legacy... Hymns and Faith, and later included on her 2015 compilation album Be Still and Know... Hymns & Faith.
Alan Jackson (2006, Precious Memories)
Brad Paisley (2008, Play)
Ronnie Milsap (2009, Then Sings My Soul)
Monty Alexander (2013, Uplift 2)[7]
In Asia[edit]
In Japan, the hymn's title was originally translated as "Itsukushimi Fukaki" (いつくしみ深き, lit. "Merciful"),[8] which is what it is best known by. In 1910, Daisui Sugitani re-wrote the lyrics in Japanese and changed the title to "Hoshi no Yo" (星の界, lit. "World of Stars"). Another version was written by Ryūkō Kawaji with the title "Hoshi no Sekai" (星の世界, lit. "World of Stars"). It is also known by the title "Tsumitoga o Ninou" (つみとがをにのう, lit. "To Bear Sin"). The hymn is popular at wedding ceremonies in Japan.[9]
In Indonesia, the hymn is known as "Yesus Kawan yang Sejati" and is sung in Indonesian or Batak (the indigenous language of North Sumatra) in Manado, Maluccan, and Protestant churches (around 6% of the population). Statistically, the majority of Indonesians are Muslim (around 76%) but native religion elements have up to 90% of the total population and consequently the hymn is widely known only among musicians, scholars and Indonesia's Christian community. However, prior to when Suharto seized power in 1967, the same music was adopted for a popular patriotic song titled "Ibu Pertiwi".
In Hindi, the hymn is a very important song and is sung as "Yeshu kaisa dost pyara". In Marathi, the hymn has been translated as "Kon Mitra Yeshuwani" By Mary Bessel.The song is common during solemn services (Passion week and burial). In Malayalam, the hymn as "Enthu Nallore sakhi Yesu" is sung to comfort and as an invitation to Christ.[10] This hymn had been translated into Telugu and it is sung during occasions as a song of comfort and solace. It is translated as "Preethi gala mana Yesu" and it is listed in the Andhra Kraisthava Keerthanalu (Andhra Christian hymnals) as hymn No. 407.
In India, the hymn sung in Konkani, "Dulob Jezu", was translated by Felix Paul Noronha of Mangalore.
In popular culture[edit]
This section indiscriminately collects miscellaneous information. Please compress this material to remove any irrelevant or unimportant information. (February 2018)
A version was sung during World War I with the line "When this bloody war is over" in place of the original title.[9] The tune was used in the 1969 film, Oh! What a Lovely War with the title "When This Lousy War Is Over". The tune was used in Alan Price's song Changes, which was written for the 1973 film O Lucky Man! and later became a hit when used in the 1987 Volkswagen Golf television commercial. The tune was in the labor protest movement due to its wide popularity. "Dump the Bosses Off Your Backs" (words by John Brill) was published in the IWW "Little Red Songbook" and has been recorded by dozens of artists including Utah Phillips, Anne Feeney, and Joe Glazer. A Norwegian version was used in the film Trollhunter.
Published versions[edit]
Rise Up Singing, page 98
The Lutheran Hymnal, hymn #457
References[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
What a Friend We Have in Jesus
Jump up ^ "What a Friend We Have in Jesus". Retrieved 2007-05-03.
Jump up ^ Polack, W.G. (1941). Handbook to the Lutheran Hymnal. St. Louis: Concordia. p. 323.
Jump up ^ "Washington Phillips discography". wirz.de. Retrieved August 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ George Washington Phillips: Jesus Is My Friend at AllMusic. Retrieved August 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Volkswagen Golf – Paula Hamilton – 1987 – UK Advert". Retro Commercials. March 13, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Pure Hymns overview". Allmusic. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Monty Alexander UPLIFT 2". Jazz Legacy Productions. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Itsukushimi Fukaki song sheet" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-07-16.
^ Jump up to: a b "312: What a Friend We Have in Jesus". Retrieved 2008-03-19.
Jump up ^ Christhiya Keerthanangal (Christian Hymns). 2007. Hymn 173.
External links[edit]
Piano score (pdf) at Timeless Truths
Text, MIDI, and piano score for "What a Friend We Have in Jesus" at HymnSite.com
"What a Friend We Have in Jesus" Mp3 and lyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
Washington Phillips
Original Columbia
78 rpm records
(chronological)
"Lift Him Up That's All" / "Take Your Burden to the Lord and Leave It There"
"Denomination Blues – Part 1" / "Denomination Blues – Part 2"
"Mother's Last Word to Her Son" / "Paul and Silas in Jail"
"What Are They Doing in Heaven Today" / "Jesus Is My Friend"
"I Am Born to Preach the Gospel" / "Train Your Child"
"A Mother's Last Word to Her Daughter" / "I've Got the Key to the Kingdom"
"I Had a Good Father and Mother" / "The Church Needs Good Deacons"
Later song
releases
"You Can't Stop a Tattler – Part 1" "You Can't Stop a Tattler – Part 2"
Related articles
List of songs (with recording & catalogue details)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=What_a_Friend_We_Have_in_Jesus&oldid=831327264"
Categories:
1928 songs
Canadian Christian hymns
Columbia Records singles
Glen Campbell songs
Mississippi John Hurt songs
Pace Jubilee Singers songs
Songs about Jesus
Washington Phillips songs
Hidden categories:
Articles with hAudio microformats
Articles containing Japanese-language text
Articles with trivia sections from February 2018
All articles with trivia sections
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikisource
Languages
日本語
Norsk
Svenska
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 20 March 2018, at 00:54.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

tag: th

attr: colspan class style

tag: tr

value:
/wiki/Welsh_(language)
mw-redirect
Welsh (language)

value: position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 110px; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 0px; width: 0px;

value: left: 50%; top: 50%; margin-left: -35px; margin-top: -27.5px;

value: width:220px width: 220px; position: relative;

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help
mw-redirect
Wikipedia:Media help

value: Then Sings My Soul (Ronnie Milsap album)

value:
/wiki/Hindi_language
mw-redirect
Hindi language

value:
/wiki/Passion_week
mw-redirect
Passion week

value:
/wiki/Malayalam_language
mw-redirect
Malayalam language

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:Trivia_sections
mw-redirect
Wikipedia:Trivia sections

value:
plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style
presentation

value: wikisource:Special:Search/What a Friend We Have in Jesus

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.wirz.de/music/philwfrm.htm

value:
nofollow
external text
https://www.allmusic.com/album/r500795

value:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

value:
Washington_Phillips
fn
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

value:
/wiki/78_rpm_record
mw-redirect
78 rpm record

value:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;

value: List of songs recorded by Washington Phillips

value: nowraplinks vcard plainlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

value: Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text

value: Category:Articles with trivia sections from February 2018

value: Category:All articles with trivia sections

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/What_a_Friend_We_Have_in_Jesus
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

value: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

value: いつくしみ深き – Japanese

value: What a Friend We Have in Jesus – Norwegian

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-What_a_Friend_We_Have_in_Jesus rootpage-What_a_Friend_We_Have_in_Jesus skin-vector action-view