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Penguins of Madagascar
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This article is about the animated feature film. For the Nickelodeon TV series, see The Penguins of Madagascar.
Penguins of Madagascar
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Eric Darnell
Simon J. Smith
Produced by
Mark Swift
Lara Breay[1]
Tripp Hudson[2]
Screenplay by
Michael Colton[3]
John Aboud[3]
Brandon Sawyer[3]
Story by
Alan J. Schoolcraft
Brent Simons
Michael Colton
John Aboud
Based on
Characters created
by Tom McGrath
and Eric Darnell
Starring
Tom McGrath
Chris Miller
Christopher Knights
Conrad Vernon
Benedict Cumberbatch
Ken Jeong
Annet Mahendru
Peter Stormare
John Malkovich
Music by
Lorne Balfe[4][5]
Edited by
Nick Kenway
Production
company
DreamWorks Animation
Pacific Data Images[6]
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
November 14, 2014 (2014-11-14) (China)
November 26, 2014 (2014-11-26) (United States)
Running time
92 minutes[7]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$132 million[8]
Box office
$373 million[9]
Penguins of Madagascar is a 2014 American 3D computer-animated comedy film,[10] produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox. It is a spin-off of the Madagascar film series, and takes place right after the events of Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted,[11] following the penguins Skipper, Kowalski, Rico and Private in their own adventure.[10] Apart from the main characters, it is unrelated to the TV series The Penguins of Madagascar.[12]
The film was directed by Simon J. Smith and Eric Darnell,[13] and written by Michael Colton, John Aboud,[1] and Brandon Sawyer.[3] It stars the voices of Tom McGrath, Chris Miller, Conrad Vernon, Christopher Knights, Benedict Cumberbatch, John Malkovich, and Ken Jeong. The film was released on November 26, 2014.[1] It is the only film in the Madagascar franchise that was distributed by 20th Century Fox and was the final film produced by Pacific Data Images before its closure on January 22, 2015.[14] Despite earning $373 million on a $132 million budget, the film forced a write-down for the studio.[15]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Release
4.1 Home media
5 Reception
5.1 Box office
5.2 Critical response
5.3 Awards and nominations
6 Soundtrack
7 Video game
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
In Antarctica, three young penguin brothers—Skipper, Kowalski, and Rico—defy the laws of nature to save an egg the other penguins believe to be doomed. After saving it from a pack of leopard seals and accidentally setting themselves adrift on an iceberg, the egg hatches into their new member, Private.
Ten years later (after the events of the previous film), the penguins decide to leave the circus to celebrate Private's birthday by breaking into the United States Gold Depository at Fort Knox in order to treat him to a discontinued snack called "Cheezy Dibbles" in the vending machine of their break room. Despite this, Private begins to feel out of place with the team, as he is constantly described as being the "secretary/mascot". Suddenly, they are abducted by the machine and sent to Venice, Italy by Dr. Octavius Brine, a renowned geneticist who removes his human disguise and reveals he is actually an octopus named Dave, who has grown resentful of penguins after their cuteness had him shunned from every zoo and aquarium across the globe.
Rico swallows Dave's collection of snowglobes along with a canister of a green substance called the Medusa Serum before the four escape and are chased through the canals and streets of Venice by Dave's henchmen. When cornered, they are rescued by a group of animals from an Arctic elite undercover interspecies task force agency called "The North Wind" consisting of their leader, a gray wolf whose name is classified (in which Skipper mistakenly calls him "Classified" throughout the film), a harp seal demolitionist named Short Fuse, a polar bear named Corporal, and an intelligent snowy owl named Eva, who Kowalski instantly falls in love with. Their mission is to help animals who can't help themselves and have been fighting Dave to protect the penguin population.
At their hideout, their communication systems are hacked by Dave, who reveals that he has an enormous supply of the Medusa Serum and that he intends to capture the penguins out of every zoo he was kicked out of. Viewing the penguins as a hindrance to their mission, Classified tranquilizes the group and sends the group to their most remote base (which happens to be on Madagascar) but the penguins awaken mid-flight and crash land in the Sahara Desert before making their way to Shanghai, China, which they mistake for Dublin, Ireland. Discovering Dave's next target in Shanghai using Dave's snowglobe collection, the penguins ship themselves to their current location and make their way to the zoo. Disguising himself as a mermaid-tailed penguin (a tourist attraction) to distract Dave from his real target, Private himself is captured along with the Shanghai penguins after the North Wind arrives to put a stop to Dave's plan. The penguins take the North Wind's high-tech plane to give chase, but inadvertently self-destruct the machine. They manage to track Private to an island though, using a tracking device planted on him when Classified darted them before planting them in a flight to Madagascar. Meanwhile, on the island, Dave demonstrates his way to genetically mutate the penguins into hideous monsters as an effort to make humans disgusted by them as revenge.
Skipper and Classified argue on the best means to rescue the captives and stop Dave, finally settling on Classified's plan of a frontal assault and Skipper agrees to act as a diversion. The North Wind manages to corner Dave in his lair only to be captured by Dave's henchmen as well as the other penguins. Dave demonstrates his mutation ray at full power on Private, apparently disintegrating him with the beam, but unbeknownst to them he escapes at the last minute by using a paper clip he swallowed earlier. Private rescues the North Wind members, who want to regroup due to lack of equipment, but Private, not wanting to leave anyone behind goes to stop Dave. As Dave's submarine docks at New York with the promise of returning the penguins he found to the zoo, he turns the ray on the rest of the penguins, mutating them all into hideous monsters. The city erupts into chaos as the brainwashed, mutated penguins run amok on the terrified human crowd. Getting Skipper, Kowalski and Rico back to their senses, Private decides to connect himself into the ray to return them to normal. After fending off more of Dave's henchmen, they manage to turn all the penguins back to normal in one huge blast.
Private is left partially mutated from the machine while the rest of the penguins are restored to normal. Despite his strange new look, the Penguins show their gratitude and new-found respect for Private. Dave (who was caught in the blast) has been turned into a pipsqueak version of himself and is trapped in a snow globe where he is admired by a little girl. Finally seeing one another as equals, Classified promises to grant the Penguins anything they want. In addition to Kowalski getting a kiss from Eva, the Penguins are given their own jet packs and they then fly off above the clouds looking for their next adventure.
In a mid-credits scene, the Penguins return to the circus and plug Mort into the ray and use him to revert Private back to normal. Mort does not appear to show any side effects from the ray until he manages to swallow King Julien whole, much to King Julien's delight.
Cast[edit]
John Malkovich and Benedict Cumberbatch talking at the Penguins of Madagascar panel at the 2014 San Diego Comic-Con International
Main article: List of Madagascar characters
Tom McGrath as Skipper, the leader of the penguins.[16]
Chris Miller as Kowalski, the brains of the penguins.[16]
Christopher Knights as Private, the rookie of the penguins.[16]
Conrad Vernon as Rico,[17] the loose cannon of the penguins.
Benedict Cumberbatch as Classified, a British gray wolf and team leader of the North Wind.[1][16]
Ken Jeong as Short Fuse, a Belgian explosive and demolitions expert harp seal and a member of the North Wind.[13]
Annet Mahendru as Eva, a Russian snowy owl and the North Wind's intelligence analyst.[16]
Peter Stormare as Corporal, a Norwegian polar bear and a member of the North Wind who serves as the muscle.[16]
John Malkovich as Dave, a villainous and disgruntled octopus who has the human disguise of Dr. Octavius Brine.[1][16][18]
Werner Herzog as a documentary filmmaker.[19]
Danny Jacobs as King Julien XIII, a ring-tailed lemur.
Andy Richter as Mort, a Goodman's mouse lemur.
Production[edit]
A direct-to-video film featuring the penguins had been in the works since 2005 when the first Madagascar film was released, with a release date initially planned for 2009.[20] The studio announced in March 2011 that the penguin characters would be given their own feature film to be directed by Simon J. Smith, the co-director of Bee Movie, produced by Lara Breay, and written by Alan J. Schoolcraft and Brent Simons, the writers of DreamWorks' Megamind.[21][22]
At the July 2012 Comic-Con, DreamWorks Animation announced that the film, titled The Penguins of Madagascar, would be released in 2015.[23] Robert Schooley, one of the producers of The Penguins series, said that the film would be unrelated to the TV series of the same name, but added that that could always change.[24] In early September 2012, 20th Century Fox, the studio's new distributor, and DreamWorks Animation announced a release date of March 27, 2015, and a new pair of writers, Michael Colton and John Aboud.[25] Benedict Cumberbatch and John Malkovich joined the cast in August 2013.[1] Malkovich, who had been offered the role of Dr. Octavius Brine three and a half years before the film's release, told an audience at the July 2014 Comic-Con that he thought that it "was a funny idea" to use his voice for an octopus.[12]
Release[edit]
On May 20, 2014, the film's release date was moved up to November 26, 2014, from its initial March 27, 2015, date, switching places with DreamWorks Animation's other film Home.[26] Jeffrey Katzenberg, DreamWorks Animation's CEO, reasoned that the film, coming from one of DWA's most successful franchises, would have an easier task to stand out around the Thanksgiving holiday season, while Home was to try to take advantage of a less competitive spring release window and repeat successful spring launches of some of DWA's original films including The Croods and How to Train Your Dragon.[27] The film was released two weeks earlier in China, on November 14, 2014.[28]
The film was released in RealD 3D and Digital 3D formats.[6] It was digitally remastered into the IMAX format, and released in select theaters across Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Latin America.[29] A four-issue comic book series based on the film was published by Titan Comics. Written by Alex Matthews and drawn by Lucas Fereyra.[30]
Home media[edit]
Penguins of Madagascar was released on DVD, Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D on March 17, 2015.[31] It topped the home video sales chart in its first week.[32]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
Penguins of Madagascar grossed $83.4 million in North America and $290.2 million in foreign countries for a worldwide total of $373.6 million.[9] The film's production budget was $132 million, which, according to the DreamWorks Animation's president Ann Dally, excluded "incentive-based compensation."[8] By the end of 2014, the studio had to take a $57.1 million write-down, primarily related to the performance of Penguins of Madagascar and another DreamWorks Animation's film Mr. Peabody & Sherman.[15][33]
Penguins of Madagascar was released on November 26, 2014 in North America and Canada across 3,764 theatres. It earned $6.25 million on its opening day and $3.95 million the next day on Thanksgiving Day.[34] It earned $10.5 million on Black Friday.[35][36] The film underperformed during its opening weekend earning $25.4 million and debuting at #2 at the box office behind The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1, for which 3D accounted for 24% of its opening-weekend gross.[37] The opening-weekend audience was evenly split among those under and over the age of 25, with 58% and female accounted 51%. In CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, cinema audiences gave Penguins of Madagascar an average grade of A- on an A+ to F scale.[38]
The film was released in China on November 14,[28] two weeks ahead of its North American debut, and earned $11.3 million from 3,500 screens, debuting at number two at the Chinese box office behind Interstellar ($42 million).[39] In its opening weekend, the film earned $36.5 million from 47 markets.[40] Overall, the top openings were in Russia ($8.2 million), Korea ($6 million), Italy ($4.63 million), Germany ($4.2 million), and Australia ($3.68 million).[41][42] The film's opening in Germany was the second-highest for an animated film in 2014, behind How to Train Your Dragon 2.[41]
Critical response[edit]
The film has a 73% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 107 reviews, with an average rating of 6.2/10. The site's consensus was "Penguins of Madagascar is fast and brightly colored enough to entertain small children, but too frantically silly to offer real filmgoing fun for the whole family."[43] On Metacritic, the film achieved a score of 53 out of 100 based on 31 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[44]
Michael Rechtshaffen of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a negative review, saying "While there are plenty of madcap antics to fill a feature, all that manic energy ultimately proves to be more exhausting than exhilarating."[45] Elizabeth Weitzman of the New York Daily News gave the film three out of five stars, saying "Granted, it's no classic, but a sassy script and good-natured voice work from Benedict Cumberbatch and John Malkovich should keep kids and grownups entertained over the holidays."[46] Ignatiy Vishnevetsky of The A.V. Club gave the film a B, saying "Frenetic and frequently funny, Penguins Of Madagascar represents the DreamWorks Animation franchise style—which boils down to self-aware, but naïve, talking animals who learn kid-friendly life lessons—at its most palatable."[47] Ben Kenigsberg of The New York Times gave the film a positive review, saying "The lack of originality is offset by sheer silliness, including Classified and Skipper's Abbott and Costello-style argument over whether there's a long I in 'diversion.' The word fits the movie."[48]
Bill Zwecker of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three out of four stars, saying "Once again the Madagascar team have come up with a winner – a nice way to kick off the Thanksgiving and holiday filmgoing experience for the whole family."[49] Lou Lumenick of the New York Post gave the film one out of four stars, saying "Penguins of Madagascar is a lazy, noisy ADHD-addled collection of animated clichés guaranteed to give anyone older than 5 a headache, even if you don't see it in optional 3-D."[50] Jeff Labrecque of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a C-, saying "Penguins of Madagascar aims primarily for the kiddies, racing from one frenetic action sequence to another like some haywire Walter Lantz cartoon."[51]
Awards and nominations[edit]
List of awards and nominations
Award/Film Festival
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
42nd Annie Awards[52] Outstanding Achievement for Animated Effects in an Animated Production Mitul Patel, Nicolas Delbecq, Santosh Khedkar and Yash Argawal Nominated
Outstanding Achievement for Character Animation in an Animated Feature Production Ravi Kamble Nominated
Outstanding Achievement for Character Design in an Animated Feature Production Craig Kellman, Joe Moshier, Stevie Lewis and Todd Kurosawa Nominated
51st Cinema Audio Society Awards[53] Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for Motion Picture - Animated Tighe Sheldon, Paul N.J. Ottosson, Dennis Sands and Randy K. Singer Nominated
28th Kids' Choice Awards[54] Favorite Animated Movie Eric Darnell and Simon J. Smith Nominated
11th St. Louis Film Critics Association Awards[55] Best Animated Film Nominated
Soundtrack[edit]
Penguins of Madagascar: Music from the Motion Picture
Film score by Lorne Balfe
Released
November 25, 2014 (2014-11-25)
Recorded
2014
Genre
Film score
Length
52:46
Label
Relativity Music Group
Producer
Hans Zimmer
DreamWorks Animation chronology
How to Train Your Dragon 2
(2014) How to Train Your Dragon 22014 Penguins of Madagascar
(2014) Penguins of Madagascar2014
Lorne Balfe composed the original score for the film,[56] making it his first solo debut in a DreamWorks Animation film. Balfe wrote the additional music for the previous two Madagascar films and helped Madagascar composer Hans Zimmer with the score for Megamind. The soundtrack was released on November 25, 2014, by Relativity Music Group.[56] Relativity also released an EP, Penguins of Madagascar: Black & White Christmas Album, which featured five holiday songs.[56]
No.
Title
Length
1. "The Penguins of Madagascar" 4:10
2. "Antarctica" 3:31
3. "Demersus" 2:53
4. "Sclateri" 3:25
5. "Adeliae" 3:31
6. "Forsteri" 2:52
7. "Patagonicus" 3:03
8. "Magellanicus" 1:24
9. "Private’s Theme" 2:34
10. "Robustus" 3:36
11. "Eudyptula Minor" 1:35
12. "Chrysolophus" 2:51
13. "Chrysocome" 1:59
14. "Antipodes" 1:20
15. "Schlegeli" 2:46
16. "Mendiculus" 3:14
17. "Papua" 1:56
18. "Humboldti" 2:52
19. "He Is Dave" (featuring Antony Genn) 3:14
Video game[edit]
A video game based on the film, titled Penguins of Madagascar, and published by Little Orbit, was released on November 25, 2014 for Nintendo 3DS, Wii, and Wii U.[57]
References[edit]
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External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Penguins of Madagascar.
Official website
Penguins of Madagascar on IMDb
Penguins of Madagascar at Box Office Mojo
Penguins of Madagascar at Rotten Tomatoes
Penguins of Madagascar at Metacritic
[show]
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Madagascar
Films
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Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa
Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted
Penguins of Madagascar
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The Penguins of Madagascar
Episodes
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All Hail King Julien
Episodes
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Madagascar 3: The Video Game
Penguins of Madagascar
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[show]
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Feature
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Chicken Run (2000)
Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005)
Flushed Away (2006)
Upcoming
How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World (2019)
Everest (2019)
Trolls 2 (2020)
The Croods 2 (2020)
The Boss Baby 2 (2021)
Spooky Jack (2021)
Franchises
Shrek (since 2001)
Madagascar (since 2005)
Kung Fu Panda (since 2008)
Monsters vs. Aliens (2009–14)
How to Train Your Dragon (since 2010)
Tales of Arcadia (since 2016)
TV series
Toonsylvania (1998)
Invasion America (1998)
Alienators: Evolution Continues (2001–02)
Father of the Pride (2004–05)
The Penguins of Madagascar (2008–15)
Neighbors from Hell (2010)
Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness (2011–16)
DreamWorks Dragons (2012–18)
Monsters vs. Aliens (2013–14)
Turbo FAST (2013–16)
VeggieTales in the House (2014–16)
All Hail King Julien (2014–17)
The Adventures of Puss in Boots (2015–18)
Dawn of the Croods (since 2015)
Dinotrux (since 2015)
The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show (2015-17)
Home: Adventures with Tip & Oh (since 2016)
Noddy, Toyland Detective (since 2016)
Trollhunters (since 2016)
Voltron: Legendary Defender (since 2016)
VeggieTales in the City (since 2017)
Spirit Riding Free (since 2017)
Trolls: The Beat Goes On! (since 2018)
The Boss Baby: Back in Business (since 2018)
Upcoming
The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (2018)
Kung Fu Panda: The Paws of Destiny (2018)
The Epic Tales of Captain Underpants (2018)
Harvey Street Kids (2018)
3 Below (2018)
Wizards (2019)
Fast & Furious (TBA)
Television
specials
Shrek the Halls (2007)
Monsters vs. Aliens: Mutant Pumpkins from Outer Space (2009)
Merry Madagascar (2009)
Scared Shrekless (2010)
Kung Fu Panda Holiday (2010)
Madly Madagascar (2013)
Trolls Holiday (2017)
Short films
Shrek 4-D (2003)
Far Far Away Idol (2004)
The Madagascar Penguins in a Christmas Caper (2005)
First Flight (2006)
Hammy's Boomerang Adventure (2006)
Secrets of the Furious Five (2008)
B.O.B.'s Big Break (2009)
Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon (2010)
Megamind: The Button of Doom (2011)
Night of the Living Carrots (2011)
Gift of the Night Fury (2011)
Book of Dragons (2011)
Kung Fu Panda: Secrets of the Masters (2011)
Puss in Boots: The Three Diablos (2012)
Rocky and Bullwinkle (2014)
Dawn of the Dragon Racers (2014)
Kung Fu Panda: Secrets of the Scroll (2016)
People
Bill Damaschke
Chris Meledandri
Jeffrey Katzenberg
Subsidiaries
DreamWorks Channel
DreamWorks Classics
Big Idea Entertainment
Harvey Entertainment
DreamWorks New Media (AwesomenessTV (51%))
Pearl Studio
Related
topics
Amblimation
DreamWorks
DreamWorks Records
DreamWorks Television
DreamWorks Interactive
Go Fish Pictures
In amusement parks
DreamWorks Experience
Pacific Data Images
List of DreamWorks Animation programs
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Style guide
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For Wikipedia's own style manual, see Wikipedia:Manual of Style.
Style guides
ACS Style Guide
AMA Manual of Style
AP Stylebook
APA Style
The ASA Style Guide
Bluebook
Brazilian National Standards Organization
The Business Style Handbook
The Chicago Manual of Style
Citing Medicine
The Elements of Style
The Elements of Typographic Style
Fowler's Modern English Usage
IEEE style
ISO 690
McGill Guide
MHRA Style Guide
The Microsoft Manual of Style
MLA Handbook
The New York Times Manual
The Oxford Guide to Style/New Hart's Rules
Scientific Style and Format (CSE style)
The Sense of Style
Turabian: A Manual for Writers
List of style guide abbreviations
v
t
e
A style guide (or manual of style) is a set of standards for the writing and design of documents, either for general use or for a specific publication, organization, or field. (It is often called a style sheet, though that term has other meanings.)
A style guide establishes and enforces style to improve communication. To do that, it ensures consistency within a document and across multiple documents and enforces best practice in usage and in language composition, visual composition, orthography and typography. For academic and technical documents, a guide may also enforce the best practice in ethics (such as authorship, research ethics, and disclosure), pedagogy (such as exposition and clarity), and compliance (technical and regulatory).
Style guides are common for general and specialized use, for the general reading and writing audience, and for students and scholars of various academic disciplines, medicine, journalism, the law, government, business, and specific industries.
Contents
[hide]
1 Varieties
1.1 Sizes
1.2 Topics
2 Updating
3 Examples
3.1 International
3.2 Europe
3.3 Australia
3.4 Canada
3.5 United Kingdom
3.5.1 General
3.5.2 Journalism
3.6 United States
3.6.1 General
3.6.2 Academic papers
3.6.3 Business
3.6.4 Government
3.6.5 Journalism
3.6.6 Law
3.6.7 Religion
3.6.8 Science
3.6.8.1 Hard sciences
3.6.8.2 Social sciences
3.6.9 Web publishing
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Varieties[edit]
Style guides vary widely in scope and size.
Sizes[edit]
This variety in scope and length is enabled by the cascading of one style over another, in a way analogous to how styles cascade in web development and in desktop publishing (e.g., how inline styles in HTML cascade over CSS styles).
A short style guide is often called a style sheet. A comprehensive guide tends to be long and is often called a style manual or manual of style (MOS or MoS). In many cases, a project such as one book, journal, or monograph series typically has a short style sheet that cascades over the somewhat larger style guide of an organization such as a publishing company, whose content is usually called house style. Most house styles, in turn, cascade over an industry-wide or profession-wide style manual that is even more comprehensive. Some examples of these industry style guides include the following:
AP style for journalism and most forms of corporate communications
USGPO style or AGPS style for government publications
Oxford style and Chicago style for academic publishing and readership
APA style and ASA style for the social sciences
CSE style for various physical sciences
ACS style for chemistry
AMA style for medicine
Bluebook style for law
Finally, these reference works cascade over the orthographic norms of the language in use (for example, English orthography for English-language publications). This, of course, may be subject to national variety such as the different varieties of American English and British English.
Topics[edit]
Some style guides focus on specific topic areas such as graphic design, including typography. Website style guides cover a publication's visual and technical aspects along with text.
Style guides that cover usage may suggest ways of describing people that avoid racism, sexism, and homophobia. Guides in specific scientific and technical fields cover nomenclature, which specifies names or classifying labels that are preferred because they are clear, standardized, and ontologically sound (e.g., taxonomy, chemical nomenclature, and gene nomenclature).
Updating[edit]
Most style guides are revised periodically to accommodate changes in conventions and usage. The frequency of updating and the revision control are determined by the subject matter. For style manuals in reference work format, new editions typically appear every 1 to 20 years. For example, the AP Stylebook is revised annually, and the Chicago, APA, and ASA manuals are in their 17th, 6th, and 4th editions, respectively. Many house styles and individual project styles change more frequently, especially for new projects.
Examples[edit]
Further information: List of style guides
International[edit]
Several basic style guides for technical and scientific communication have been defined by international standards organizations. One example is ISO 215 Documentation — Presentation of contributions to periodicals and other serials.[1]
Europe[edit]
The European Union publishes an Interinstitutional style guide—encompassing 24 languages across the European Union. This manual is "obligatory" for all those employed by the institutions of the EU who are involved in preparing EU documents and works.[2] The Directorate-General for Translation of the European Commission publishes its own English Style Guide, intended primarily for English-language authors and translators, but aiming to serve a wider readership as well.[3]
Australia[edit]
Style Manual: For Authors, Editors and Printers by Snooks & Co for the Department of Finance and Administration. 6th ed. ISBN 0-7016-3648-3.
Australian Guide to Legal Citation
Australian manual of scientific style (AMOSS) - online. by by Biotext; illustrated by Biotext. 1st ed. ISBN 978-0-9946369-0-4
Canada[edit]
General
Public Works and Government Services Canada, Translation Bureau. The Canadian Style: A Guide to Writing and Editing. Rev. ed. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1997. ISBN 1-55002-276-8.[4]
The Canadian Press Stylebook: A Guide for Writers and Editors, 14th ed. Toronto: Canadian Press, 2006. Guide to newspaper style in Canada. ISBN 0-920009-38-7.
Lexicographical Centre for Canadian English A Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles: Dictionary of Canadian English Walter Spencer Avis (ed.) Toronto: W.J. Gage (1967) OCLC 301088035[5]
Editing Canadian English, 2nd ed. Prepared for the Editors' Association of Canada / Association canadienne des réviseurs by Catherine Cragg, Barbara Czarnecki, Iris Hossé Phillips, Katharine Vanderlinden, and Sheila Protti. Toronto, ON: Macfarlane Walter and Ross, 2000.
Law
McGill Law Journal. Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation / Manuel canadien de la référence juridique. 8th ed. Toronto: Carswell, 2014.[6]
United Kingdom[edit]
General[edit]
Style, by F. L. Lucas, 1955; 3rd edition, Harriman House, 2012
Butcher's Copy-editing: The Cambridge Handbook for Editors, Copy-editors and Proofreaders, Judith Butcher, Caroline Drake, Maureen Leach. 4th ed. 2006 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press ISBN 978-0521847131
Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage. Ed. Jeremy Butterfield. 4th ed. Oxford University Press, 2015. ISBN 978- 0-19-966135-0 (hardcover). Based on Fowler's Modern English Usage, by Henry Watson Fowler.
The King's English, by Henry Watson Fowler and Francis George Fowler.
New Hart's Rules 2005. (formerly republished as The Oxford Guide to Style, 2002).
The Complete Plain Words, by Sir Ernest Gowers.
MHRA Style Guide: A Handbook for Authors, Editors, and Writers of Theses, 2nd ed. London: Modern Humanities Research Association, 2008.
The Oxford Style Manual. Edited by Robert Ritter. Oxford–New York: Oxford University Press, 2003 (republished as New Oxford Style Manual, 2012). Combines New Hart's Rules (2002) and The Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors (2000).
Usage and Abusage, by Eric Partridge.
Journalism[edit]
The BBC News Style Guide: by the British Broadcasting Corporation.[7]
The Economist Style Guide: by The Economist (UK).[8]
The Guardian Style Guide: by The Guardian (United Kingdom).[9]
The Times Style and Usage Guide. Rev. ed. Compiled by Tim Austin. London: Times Books, 2003.[10]
United States[edit]
In the United States, most public-facing corporate communication and journalism writing is written with styles following The Associated Press Stylebook.[11] Book publishers and authors of journals requiring reference sections generally choose the Chicago Manual of Style, while scholarly writing often follows the MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing.[12] One of the most popular grammar guides used in third-person writing is The Elements of Style. The Associated Press Stylebook is written to be used together with The Elements of Style to provide a very complete grammar and English style reference with no conflicts.
General[edit]
The Careful Writer, by Theodore Bernstein.
The Elements of Style, by William Strunk, Jr. and E. B. White. (Commonly called "Strunk and White")
Style: Lessons in Clarity and Grace, by Joseph M. Williams
The Well-Spoken Thesaurus, by Tom Heehler
The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th ed. Chicago–London: University of Chicago Press, 2017.
Merriam-Webster's Manual for Writers and Editors. By the editors of Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1998. (rev. ed. of Webster's Standard American Style Manual, 1985)
The New York Public Library Writer's Guide to Style and Usage. New York: HarperCollins, 1994.
William A. Sabin. The Gregg Reference Manual: A Manual of Style, Grammar, Usage, and Formatting, 10th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2005.
Words into Type, 3rd ed. Based on studies by Marjorie E. Skillin, Robert M. Gay, and other authorities. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1974.
Academic papers[edit]
MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 8th ed. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 2016. (Commonly called "MLA style".)
MLA Style Manual and Guide in Scholarly Publishing, 3rd ed. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 2008.
William A. Sabin. The Gregg Reference Manual: A Manual of Style, Grammar, Usage, and Formatting. 10th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2005.
Kate L. Turabian. A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers, 7th ed. Revised by Wayne C. Booth, Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams, and University of Chicago Press editorial staff. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. (Commonly called "Turabian style".)
Kate L. Turabian. Student's Guide to Writing College Papers, 4th ed. Revised by Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams, and the University of Chicago Press editorial staff. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010.
Business[edit]
The Business Style Handbook, An A-to-Z Guide for Effective Writing on the Job, by Helen Cunningham and Brenda Greene.[13]
The Wall Street Journal Guide to Business Style and Usage. Edited by Paul R. Martin. London: Free Press, 2002.
Government[edit]
The Complete Guide to Citing Government Information Resources: A Manual for Writers and Librarians. Rev. ed. Edited by Diane L. Garner and Diane H. Smith. Bethesda, MD: Congressional Information Service for the Government Documents Round Table, American Library Association, 1993.
United States Government Printing Office Style Manual, 30th ed. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 2008.
U.S. Geological Survey. Suggestions to Authors of the Reports of the United States Geological Survey, 7th ed. Revised and edited by Wallace R. Hansen. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1991.
Journalism[edit]
The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law, 44th ed. Edited by Darrell Christian, Sally Jacobsen, and David Minthorn. New York: Associated Press, 2009.[14]
The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage. Rev. ed. Edited by Allan M. Siegal and William G. Connolly. New York: Three Rivers Press, 1999.
Law[edit]
ALWD Citation Manual: A Professional System of Citations, 3rd ed. Edited by the Association of Legal Writing Directors and Darby Dickerson. New York: Aspen, 2006.
The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation, compiled by the Harvard Law Review Association, the Columbia Law Review, the University of Pennsylvania Law Review, and the Yale Law Journal. Legal writers in most law schools in the United States are trained using this.
Brian A. Garner. The Elements of Legal Style, 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
The University of Chicago Manual of Legal Citation, 2nd ed. Edited by the University of Chicago Law Review. 2000.
Despite the near uniform use of the Bluebook, nearly every state has appellate court rules that specify citation methods and writing styles specific to that state - and the Supreme Court of the United States has its own citation method. However, in most cases these are derived from the Bluebook.
There are also several other citation manuals available to legal writers in wide usage in the United States. Virtually all large law firms maintain their own citation manual and several major publishers of legal texts (West, Lexis-Nexis, Hein, et al.) maintain their own systems.
Religion[edit]
Catholic News Service. CNS Stylebook on Religion: Reference Guide and Usage Manual, 3rd ed. Washington, D.C.: Catholic News Service, 2006.
The Little Style Guide to Great Christian Writing and Publishing, 13th ed. By Leonard G. Goss and Carolyn Stanford Goss. This popular guide provides a fresh understanding and distinctively Christian examination of style and language. It covers the basic rules of grammar, style, and editing, and is intended for writers and editors.
The SBL Handbook of Style for Biblical Studies and Related Disciplines, 2nd ed. Edited by Patrick H. Alexander. Atlanta: SBL Press, 2014 (1st ed.: The SBL Handbook of Style: For Ancient Near Eastern, Biblical, and Early Christian Studies. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1999). The industry standard.[1]
Reporting on Religion 2: A Stylebook on Religion's Best Beat. Edited by Diane Connolly and Debra I. Mason. Westerville, OH: Religion Newswriters, 2007.
Science[edit]
Hard sciences[edit]
AIP Style Manual, 4th ed. New York: American Institute of Physics, 1990.
American Medical Association. AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors, 10th ed. Edited by Cheryl Iverson. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. Primarily used in medicine. (Commonly called "AMA style".)
American Chemical Society (ACS). Primarily used for the physical sciences, such as physical chemistry, physics, and related disciplines. Commonly called "ACS style".
The ACS Style Guide: Effective Communication of Scientific Information, 3rd ed. Edited by Anne M. Coghill and Lorrin R. Garson. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society, 2006; and
ACS Style Guide: A Manual for Authors and Editors (1997).
ASM Style Manual for Journals and Books. Washington, D.C.: American Society for Microbiology, 1991.
Scientific Style and Format: The CSE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers, 7th ed. Compiled by the Style Manual Committee of the Council of Science Editors. Reston, VA: Council of Science Editors in cooperation with the Rockefeller University Press, 2006. Used widely in the natural sciences, especially the life sciences. (Commonly called "CSE style".)
Social sciences[edit]
ASA. Style Guide. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Sociological Association, 2014.
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, 2009. Primarily used in social sciences. (Commonly called "APA style".)
Style Manual for Political Science, rev. ed. Washington, D.C.: American Political Science Association Committee on Publications, 2006.
Web publishing[edit]
Janice Walker and Todd Taylor. The Columbia Guide to Online Style, 2nd ed. New York: Columbia University Press, 2006.
Microsoft Manual of Style by Microsoft Corporation.
The Yahoo! Style Guide: The Ultimate Sourcebook for Writing, Editing and Creating Content for the Web, by Chris Barr and the Yahoo! Editorial Staff.
Wikipedia Manual of Style
Guidelines for citing web content also appear in comprehensive style guides such as Oxford/Hart, Chicago and MLA.
See also[edit]
Writing portal
Graphic charter
Citation
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Documentation
Disputed usage
English writing style
Grammar
List of style guides
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Punctuation
Sentence spacing in language and style guides
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Usage
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "ISO 215:1986 - Documentation - Presentation of contributions to periodicals and other serials". Iso.org. 2012-09-19. Retrieved 2013-06-17.
Jump up ^ Publications Office of the European Union (24 July 2008). "Interinstitutional Style Guide". Europa. European Union12 May 2010.
Jump up ^ Directorate-General for Translation (European Commission). "English Style Guide". European Union.
Jump up ^ Translation Bureau, Public Works and Government Services Canada (1997). The Canadian Style: A Guide to Writing and Editing (Softcover) (Revised ed.). Toronto: Dundurn Press Limited. ISBN 1-55002-276-8. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Catherine Craig; et al., eds. (2000). Editing Canadian English (2nd ed.). Toronto, ON: McClelland & Stewart Ltd. p. 258. ISBN 978-1-55199-045-3.
Jump up ^ McGill Law Journal / Revue de droit de McGill (2014). Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation / Manuel canadien de la référence juridique (Hardcover) (in French and English) (8th ed.). Toronto: Carswell. ISBN 978-0-7798-6075-3. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
Jump up ^ BBC News Styleguide (PDF), retrieved 2012-04-18
Jump up ^ The Economist Style Guide, 10th edition (2010), ISBN 1-84668-175-8. Online version as of May 2012.
Jump up ^ The Guardian Style Guide, London, 19 December 2008, retrieved 2011-04-13
Jump up ^ The Times Style and Usage Guide (2003) ISBN 0-00-714505-5. Online version as of May 2011 via archive.org
Jump up ^ June Casagrande, Grammar Snobs Are Great Big Meanies: A Guide to Language for Fun and Spite (New York: Penguin, 2006).
Jump up ^ "What Is MLA Style?", mla.org, Modern Language Association, 2011, Web, 31 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Library of Congress Catalog Record for The Business Style Handbook, 2nd edition: http://lccn.loc.gov/2012033481
Jump up ^ The Associated Press Stylebook, retrieved 2011-04-13
ISBN 978-0-8054-2787-5
External links[edit]
Look up stylebook or usage in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
But the stylebook says ...—Blog post about stylebook abuse, by Bill Walsh of The Washington Post
Handouts about writing style guides, from a conference of the American Copy Editors Society in 2007
William G. Connolly. "How to Write a Stylebook in 10 Easy Steps" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-08-21.
Doug Kouma. "Creating an In-House Stylebook" (PDF). Meredith Special Interest Media. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-08-21.
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Ricardio the Heart Guy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Ricardio the Heart Guy"
Adventure Time episode
Ricardio plots to cut out Princess Bubblegum's heart. Ricardio is one of the few individuals in the Adventure Time universe to have a highly detailed face, which has been compared to the moon in 1902 silent film Le Voyage dans la Lune.
Episode no.
Season 1
Episode 7
Directed by
Larry Leichliter (director)
Patrick McHale (creative director)
Nick Jennings (art director)
Written by
Bert Youn
Sean Jimenez
Story by
Merriwether Williams
Tim McKeon
Adam Muto
Production code
692-007[1]
Original air date
April 26, 2010
Running time
11 minutes
Guest appearance(s)
George Takei as Ricardio
Episode chronology
← Previous
"The Jiggler" Next →
"Business Time"
Adventure Time (season 1)
List of Adventure Time episodes
"Ricardio the Heart Guy" is the seventh episode of the first season of the American animated television series Adventure Time. The episode was written and storyboarded by Bert Youn and Sean Jimenez, from a story by Merriwether Williams, Tim McKeon, and Adam Muto. It originally aired on Cartoon Network on April 26, 2010. The episode guest stars George Takei as the title character, Ricardio.
The series follows the adventures of Finn (voiced by Jeremy Shada), a human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake (voiced by John DiMaggio), a dog with magical powers to change shape and grow and shrink at will. In this episode, Finn believes that Princess Bubblegum's (voiced by Hynden Walch) new friend, a heart named Ricardio, is evil, and is proven right after learning that Ricardio is the heart of the Ice King (voiced by Tom Kenny). Ricardio reveals that he wants to "make out" with Bubblegum's heart, but he is defeated by Finn and Jake.
Ricardio would become a minor recurring villain, reappearing in the fourth season entry "Lady & Peebles". After the episode aired, series composer Casey James Basichis posted a video explaining his inspiration and the method in which he produced the music featured in the episode. Basichis largely scored the episode with opera music, because he felt the genre suited Ricardio. "Ricardio the Heart Guy" was watched by 1.91 million people and received largely positive critical attention, with many reviews praising Takei's voice work.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Production
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
After the Ice King captures Princess Bubblegum, Finn and Jake manage to save her. Bubblegum is so happy that she decides to throw a party for Finn as a thank you. Finn makes a Paper Crane for Bubblegum as a gift, but Jake says that Finn has a crush on her, which Finn denies. When they arrive at the party, however, no one notices them; everyone, including Bubblegum, is too preoccupied with a heart-shaped man named Ricardio. He and Bubblegum begin discussing scientific topics on the dance floor, which leaves Finn feeling jealous.
Finn begins to think that Ricardio is a villain, but Jake just notes that Finn is jealous. However, the two spy on Ricardio to see if he is evil or not. They see Ricardio going into a dumpster and acquiring a rope and broken bottles. Then they see him throwing the Ice King into the dumpster, so they decide to question Ricardio about being a super-villain. Finn punches Ricardio right when Bubblegum comes. Mad and upset, she takes Ricardio away. However, the Ice King soon crawls toward Finn and Jake, looking sickly. He reveals that Ricardio is actually his own heart, which gained sentience after the Ice King performed a failed love spell. Ricardio desires to cut out Bubblegum's heart and make it his bride.
Finn and Jake race to Bubblegum's castle and find her tied to a chair, with Ricardio about to rip her heart out. Finn and Jake then fight Ricardio and manage to beat him up. The Ice King crawls into the castle and places Ricardio back into his chest. Later during dinner, Bubblegum tells Finn that he does not need to be jealous anymore, but Finn denies that he was jealous in the first place.
Production[edit]
The episode guest stars George Takei.
"Ricardio the Heart Guy" was written and storyboarded by Bert Youn and Sean Jimenez, from a story by Merriwether Williams, Tim McKeon, and Adam Muto. Directed by Larry Leichliter, the episode introduces the recurring villain Ricardio, played by George Takei, a character that Tom Kenny later called "the valentine from Hell".[2] Takei later reprised the role in the season four episode "Lady and Peebles".[3] Initial drafts of the character featured him looking more like an anthropomorphic heart, complete with arteries and ventricles.[4] Ricardio is one of the few individuals in the Adventure Time universe to have a highly detailed face; during the commentary for the episode, his design was compared to that of the face on the moon in the 1902 French silent film Le Voyage dans la Lune, based on H.G. Wells's 1901 novel The First Men in the Moon.[5]
After the episode aired, series composer Casey Basichis posted a video explaining his inspiration and method of producing the music featured in the episode. According to the video, Basichis created a "skeleton" of the score in his shower using his voice and a ukulele; the audio was captured on a phone. Originally, the score was going to have a "New York City, taxi, and jazz" feel, but Basichis was unhappy with the genre choice, and changed the feel.[6] For the music that played while the Ice King interacted with Ricardio, Basichis was inspired by the score from the original seven-minute short. In addition, opera singer Karen Vuong lent her voice to the episode. According to Basichis, Vuong was able to record her vocals successfully in one take. Basichis chose opera because he knew it had a reputation for being "sickeningly intellectual" and "preoccupied with murder", traits that he felt suited Ricardio.[6]
Reception[edit]
"Ricardio the Heart Guy" first aired on Cartoon Network on April 26, 2010. The episode was watched by 1.91 million viewers, and scored a 1.3/2 percent Nielsen household rating, meaning that it was seen by 1.3 percent of all households and 2 percent of all households watching television at the time of the episode's airing.[7] The episode first saw physical release as part of the 2011 Adventure Time: My Two Favorite People DVD, which included 12 episodes from the series' first two seasons.[8] It was later re-released as part of the complete first season DVD in July 2012; commentary for the episode was also included on the DVD.[9][10]
The episode garnered mostly positive reviews from critics. Matt Fowler of IGN, in a review of the My Two Favorite People DVD, noted that while "the idea of a walking, talking heart named Ricardio […] who plans to cut out Princess Bubblegum's heart is potent nightmare fuel", the show nevertheless "finds a way to make that grim idea accessible and fun."[11]
Takei's appearance as Ricardio gained critical favor. Charlie Anders of io9 named Takei's appearance in the episode as one of his "greatest moments", noting, "how could we have missed that Takei did the voice for this sleazy science-talking heart on Adventure Time, our new favorite show?"[12] Tyler Foster of DVD Talk called Ricardio one of the highlights of the season.[13] The A.V. Club reviewer Oliver Sava, in a review for "Lady & Peebles", wrote that Ricardio is "always welcome on this series, largely due to Takei’s delightful voice work."[3] Furthermore, he praised the way that Takei delivered his lines, noting that "there’s a theatrical smarminess to his vocals that is a stark contrast to the Ice King’s nasality", and that "Takei always sounds like he’s having a great time reading the ridiculous lines that are written for him."[3]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Seibert, Fred (August 14, 2009). "Writing Pick-Up". Frederator Studios. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved January 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kenny, Tom (Actor). 2012. "Ricardio the Heart Guy" [Commentary track], Adventure Time Season One [DVD], Los Angeles, CA: Cartoon Network.
^ Jump up to: a b c Sava, Oliver (August 20, 2012). "'Lady and Peebles' | Adventure Time | TV Club". The A.V. Club. The Onion. Retrieved January 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ Seibert, Fred (February 3, 2009). "'Ricardo the Heart Guy' Story Notes". Frederator. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Ricardio the Heart Guy" [Commentary track], Adventure Time Season One [DVD], Los Angeles, CA: Cartoon Network.
^ Jump up to: a b "Adventure Time: Composing Ricardio Behind the Scenes". YouTube. May 3, 2010. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (April 27, 2010). "WWE Raw and NBA Playoff Action Lead Monday Cable". TV by the Numbers. Zap2it. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ Leichliter, Larry et al. (2011). Adventure Time: My Two Favorite People (DVD). Warner Home Video. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
Jump up ^ Leichliter, Larry et al. (2012). Adventure Time: The Complete First Season (DVD). Warner Home Video. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
Jump up ^ "Oh My Glob! Adventure Time Season 1 Comes to DVD". Wired. Condé Nast. July 6, 2011. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ Fowler, Matt (September 22, 2011). "My Two Favorite People Review". IGN. News Corporation. Retrieved June 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Anders, Charlie (December 23, 2011). "George Takei's Greatest and Weirdest Moments". io9. Gawker Media. Retrieved April 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ Foster, Tyler (July 10, 2012). "Adventure Time: The Complete First Season". DVD Talk. Internet Brands. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
External links[edit]
"Ricardio the Heart Guy" on IMDb
"Ricardio the Heart Guy" at TV.com
[hide]
v
t
e
Adventure Time episodes
Pilot
Season 1
"Tree Trunks"
"The Enchiridion!"
"Ricardio the Heart Guy"
"Evicted!"
Season 2
"It Came from the Nightosphere"
"The Eyes"
"Guardians of Sunshine"
"Death in Bloom"
"Mortal Folly" / "Mortal Recoil"
Season 3
"Hitman"
"Too Young"
"Fionna and Cake"
"What Was Missing"
"Holly Jolly Secrets"
"Another Way"
"Incendium"
Season 4
"Hot to the Touch"
"Five Short Graybles"
"Web Weirdos"
"Dream of Love"
"Return to the Nightosphere" / "Daddy's Little Monster"
"In Your Footsteps"
"Hug Wolf"
"Princess Monster Wife"
"Goliad"
"Beyond This Earthly Realm"
"Gotcha!"
"Princess Cookie"
"Card Wars"
"Sons of Mars"
"Burning Low"
"BMO Noire"
"King Worm"
"Lady & Peebles"
"You Made Me"
"Who Would Win"
"Ignition Point"
"The Hard Easy"
"Reign of Gunters"
"I Remember You"
"The Lich"
Season 5
"Finn the Human" / "Jake the Dog"
"Bad Little Boy"
"Simon & Marcy"
"A Glitch Is a Glitch"
"Puhoy"
"James Baxter the Horse"
"Wizards Only, Fools"
"Be More"
"Sky Witch"
"Frost & Fire"
"Time Sandwich"
"Root Beer Guy"
"Rattleballs"
"The Red Throne"
"Betty"
"Bad Timing"
"Billy's Bucket List"
Season 6
"Wake Up" / "Escape from the Citadel"
"Food Chain"
"Furniture & Meat"
"Something Big"
"Is That You?"
"Jake the Brick"
"Dentist"
"Evergreen"
"Astral Plane"
"The Diary"
"Walnuts & Rain"
"Jermaine"
Season 7
Stakes
"Bad Jubies"
"Crossover"
"The Hall of Egress"
Season 8
"Normal Man"
Islands
Season 9
Elements
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ricardio_the_Heart_Guy&oldid=804215519"
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