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September 16
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2018
September 16 in recent years
2017 (Saturday)
2016 (Friday)
2015 (Wednesday)
2014 (Tuesday)
2013 (Monday)
2012 (Sunday)
2011 (Friday)
2010 (Thursday)
2009 (Wednesday)
2008 (Tuesday)
Date
September 16 is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 106 days remaining until the end of the year.
Contents
[hide]
1 Events
2 Births
3 Deaths
4 Holidays and observances
5 References
6 External links
Events[edit]
307 – Emperor Severus II is captured and imprisoned at Tres Tabernae. He is later executed (or forced to commit suicide) after Galerius unsuccessfully invades Italy.
1400 – Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers.
1620 – Pilgrims set sail from England on the Mayflower.
1701 – James Francis Edward Stuart, sometimes called the "Old Pretender", becomes the Jacobite claimant to the thrones of England and Scotland.
1732 – In Campo Maior, Portugal, a storm hits the Armory and a violent explosion ensues, killing two thirds of its inhabitants.
1776 – American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Harlem Heights is fought.
1779 – American Revolutionary War: The Franco-American Siege of Savannah begins.
1810 – With the Grito de Dolores, Father Miguel Hidalgo begins Mexico's fight for independence from Spain.
1863 – Robert College, in Istanbul, the first American educational institution outside the United States, is founded by Christopher Robert, an American philanthropist.
1880 – The Cornell Daily Sun prints its first issue in Ithaca, New York. The Sun is the nation's oldest, continuously-independent college daily.
1893 – Settlers make a land run for prime land in the Cherokee Strip in Oklahoma.
1908 – The General Motors Corporation is founded.
1914 – World War I: The Siege of Przemyśl (present-day Poland) begins.
1920 – The Wall Street bombing: A bomb in a horse wagon explodes in front of the J. P. Morgan building in New York City killing 38 and injuring 400.
1940 – World War II: Italian troops conquer Sidi Barrani.
1943 – World War II: The German Tenth Army reports that it can no longer contain the Allied bridgehead around Salerno.
1945 – World War II: The surrender of the Japanese troops in Hong Kong is accepted by Royal Navy Admiral Sir Cecil Harcourt.
1947 – Typhoon Kathleen hits Saitama, Tokyo and Tone River area, at least 1,930 killed.
1955 – The military coup to unseat President Juan Perón of Argentina is launched at midnight.
1955 – A Soviet Navy Zulu-class submarine becomes the first to launch a ballistic missile.
1956 – TCN-9 Sydney is the first Australian television station to commence regular broadcasts.
1959 – The first successful photocopier, the Xerox 914, is introduced in a demonstration on live television from New York City.
1961 – The United States National Hurricane Research Project drops eight cylinders of silver iodide into the eyewall of Hurricane Esther. Wind speed reduces by 10%, giving rise to Project Stormfury.
1961 – Typhoon Nancy, with possibly the strongest winds ever measured in a tropical cyclone, makes landfall in Osaka, Japan, killing 173 people.
1961 – Pakistan establishes its Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission with Abdus Salam as its head.
1963 – Malaysia is formed from the Federation of Malaya, Singapore, North Borneo (Sabah) and Sarawak. However, Singapore soon leaves this new country.
1966 – The Metropolitan Opera House opens at Lincoln Center in New York City with the world premiere of Samuel Barber's opera Antony and Cleopatra.
1970 – King Hussein of Jordan declares military rule following the hijacking of four civilian airliners by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). This results in the formation of the Black September Palestinian paramilitary unit.
1975 – Papua New Guinea gains independence from Australia.
1975 – Cape Verde, Mozambique, and São Tomé and Príncipe join the United Nations.
1975 – The first prototype of the Mikoyan MiG-31 interceptor makes its maiden flight.
1976 – Armenian champion swimmer Shavarsh Karapetyan saves 20 people from a trolleybus that had fallen into a Yerevan reservoir.
1978 – The 7.4 Mw Tabas earthquake affects the city of Tabas, Iran with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). At least 15,000 people were killed.
1979 – East German balloon escape: Eight people escaped from East Germany to the west in a homemade hot air balloon.
1982 – Lebanon War: The Sabra and Shatila massacre in Lebanon takes place.
1987 – The Montreal Protocol is signed to protect the ozone layer from depletion.
1990 – The railroad between the People's Republic of China and Kazakhstan is completed at Dostyk, adding a sizable link to the concept of the Eurasian Land Bridge.
1992 – The trial of the deposed Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega ends in the United States with a 40-year sentence for drug trafficking and money laundering.
1992 – Black Wednesday: The pound is forced out of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism by currency speculators and is forced to devalue against the German mark.
1994 – The British government lifts the broadcasting ban imposed against members of Sinn Féin and Irish paramilitary groups in 1988.
2004 – Hurricane Ivan makes landfall in Gulf Shores, Alabama as a Category 3 hurricane.
2005 – The Camorra organized crime boss Paolo Di Lauro is arrested in Naples, Italy.
2007 – One-Two-GO Airlines Flight 269 carrying 128 crew and passengers crashes in Thailand killing 89 people.
2007 – Mercenaries working for Blackwater Worldwide shoot and kill 17 Iraqis in Nisour Square, Baghdad
2013 – A gunman kills twelve people at the Navy Yard in Washington, D.C.
2014 – The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant launches its Kobani offensive against Syrian–Kurdish forces.
Births[edit]
AD 16 – Julia Drusilla, Roman daughter of Germanicus (d. 38)
508 – Yuan Di, emperor of the Liang dynasty (d. 555)
1295 – Elizabeth de Clare, English noblewoman (d. 1360)
1462 – Pietro Pomponazzi, Italian philosopher (d. 1525)
1507 – Jiajing Emperor of China (d. 1567)
1541 – Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex, English nobleman (died 1576)
1557 – Jacques Mauduit, French composer (d. 1627)
1615 – Heinrich Bach, German organist and composer (d. 1692)
1625 – Gregorio Barbarigo, Roman Catholic saint (d. 1697)
1651 – Engelbert Kaempfer, German physician and botanist (d. 1716)
1666 – Antoine Parent, French mathematician and theorist (d. 1716)
1678 – Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke, English philosopher and politician, Secretary of State for the Southern Department (d. 1751)
1716 – Angelo Maria Amorevoli, Italian tenor and actor (d. 1798)
1722 – Gabriel Christie, Scottish-Canadian general (d. 1799)
1725 – Nicolas Desmarest, French geologist, zoologist, and author (d. 1815)
1745 – Mikhail Kutuzov, Russian field marshal (d. 1813)
1777 – Nathan Mayer Rothschild, German-English banker and financier (d. 1836)
1782 – Daoguang Emperor of China (d. 1850)
1823 – Francis Parkman, American historian and author (d. 1893)
1827 – Jean Albert Gaudry, French geologist and paleontologist (d. 1908)
1828 – Per Pålsson, Swedish murderer (d. 1914)
1830 – Patrick Francis Moran, Irish-Australian cardinal (d. 1911)
1837 – Pedro V of Portugal (d. 1861)
1838 – James J. Hill, Canadian-American railroad executive (d. 1916)
1844 – Paul Taffanel, French flute player and conductor (d. 1908)
1846 – Anna Kingsford, English author, poet, and activist (d. 1888)
1853 – Albrecht Kossel, German physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1927)
1858 – Edward Marshall Hall, English lawyer and politician (d. 1927)
1858 – Bonar Law, Canadian-Scottish banker and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1923)
1859 – Yuan Shikai, Chinese general and politician, President of the Republic of China (d. 1916)
1861 – Miriam Benjamin, African-American educator and inventor (d. 1947)
1866 – Georg Voigt, German lawyer and politician, Mayor of Marburg (d. 1927)
1870 – John Pius Boland, Irish tennis player and politician (d. 1958)
1875 – James Cash Penney, American businessman and philanthropist, founded J. C. Penney (d. 1971)
1876 – Marvin Hart, American boxer (d. 1931)
1877 – Jacob Schick, American-Canadian inventor and businessman, founded Schick Razors (d. 1937)
1878 – Karl Albiker, German sculptor, lithographer, and educator (d. 1961)
1880 – Clara Ayres, American nurse (d. 1917)
1880 – Alfred Noyes, English author, poet, and playwright (d. 1958)
1881 – Clive Bell, English philosopher and critic (d. 1964)
1883 – T. E. Hulme, English poet and critic (d. 1917)
1886 – Jean Arp, Alsatian sculptor and painter (d. 1966)
1887 – Nadia Boulanger, French composer and educator (d. 1979)
1888 – W. O. Bentley, English race car driver and engineer, founded Bentley Motors Limited (d. 1971)
1888 – Frans Eemil Sillanpää, Finnish author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1964)
1890 – Avigdor Hameiri, Israeli author (d. 1970)
1891 – Karl Dönitz, German admiral and politician, President of Germany (d. 1980)
1891 – Stephanie von Hohenlohe, Austrian-German spy (d. 1972)
1893 – Alexander Korda, Hungarian-English director, producer, and screenwiter (d. 1956)
1893 – Albert Szent-Györgyi, Hungarian-American physiologist and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
1895 – Zainal Abidin Ahmad, Malaysian author and scholar (d. 1973)
1897 – Milt Franklyn, American composer (d. 1962)
1898 – H. A. Rey, American author and illustrator, co-created Curious George (d. 1977)
1899 – Hans Swarowsky, Hungarian-Austrian conductor and educator (d. 1975)
1901 – Josef Schächter, Austrian rabbi and philosopher from the Vienna Circle (d. 1994)
1905 – Vladimír Holan, Czech poet and author (d. 1980)
1906 – Jack Churchill, Sri Lankan-English colonel (d. 1996)
1910 – Erich Kempka, German colonel and chauffeur (d. 1975)
1910 – Karl Kling, German race car driver and manager (d. 2003)
1911 – Wilfred Burchett, Australian journalist and author (d. 1983)
1911 – Paul Henning, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2005)
1914 – Allen Funt, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1999)
1915 – Cy Walter, American pianist (d. 1968)
1916 – Robert Llewellyn Bradshaw, Caribbean politician, 1st Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (d. 1978)
1916 – Frank Farrell, Australian rugby league player and policeman (d. 1985)
1916 – M. S. Subbulakshmi, an Indian Carnatic Vocalist (d. 2004)
1916 – Frank Leslie Walcott, Barbadian cricketer, umpire, and politician (d. 1999)
1918 – Władysław Kędra, Polish pianist (d. 1968)
1919 – Bill Daley, American football player and sportscaster (d. 2015)
1919 – Laurence J. Peter, Canadian-American hierarchiologist and educator (d. 1990)
1919 – Andy Russell, American singer and actor (d. 1992)
1920 – Staryl C. Austin, American air force general (d. 2015)
1920 – Sheila Quinn, English nurse and educator (d. 2016)
1920 – Art Sansom, American cartoonist (d. 1991)
1921 – Ursula Franklin, German-Canadian metallurgist (d. 2016)
1921 – Jon Hendricks, American singer-songwriter (d. 2017)
1921 – Korla Pandit, American pianist and composer (d. 1998)
1922 – Guy Hamilton, French-English director and screenwriter (d. 2016)
1922 – Janis Paige, American actress and singer
1923 – Lee Kuan Yew, Singaporean lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Singapore (d. 2015)
1924 – Lauren Bacall, American actress (d. 2014)
1925 – Charlie Byrd, American singer and guitarist (d. 1999)
1925 – Charles Haughey, Irish accountant, lawyer, and politician, 7th Taoiseach of Ireland (d. 2006)
1925 – B.B. King, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 2015)
1926 – Eric Gross, Austrian-Australian pianist and composer (d. 2011)
1926 – John Knowles, American novelist (d. 2001)
1926 – Rogers McKee, American baseball player (d. 2014)
1926 – Robert H. Schuller, American pastor and author (d. 2015)
1927 – Peter Falk, American actor (d. 2011)
1927 – Jack Kelly, American actor and politician (d. 1992)
1927 – Sadako Ogata, Japanese academic and diplomat, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
1928 – Rex Trailer, American television host, actor, and singer (d. 2013)
1928 – Lady Gwen Thompson, English author and educator (d. 1986)
1929 – Stan Stephens, American politician, 20th Governor of Montana
1930 – Anne Francis, American actress (d. 2011)
1931 – K. D. Arulpragasam, Sri Lankan zoologist and academic (d. 2003)
1931 – Little Willie Littlefield, American-Dutch singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 2013)
1932 – Micky Stewart, English cricketer and coach
1933 – Steve Shirley, German-English businesswoman and philanthropist, founded Xansa
1934 – Elgin Baylor, American basketball player and coach
1934 – George Chakiris, American actor, singer, and dancer
1934 – Ronnie Drew, Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2008)
1934 – Dick Heckstall-Smith, English saxophonist (d. 2004)
1935 – Carl Andre, American sculptor
1935 – Billy Boy Arnold, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1935 – Jules Bass, American director, producer, composer, and author
1935 – Bob Kiley, American-English businessman (d. 2016)
1935 – Esther Vilar, Argentinian-German author and playwright
1937 – Aleksandr Medved, Russian wrestler
1937 – Vince Naimoli, American businessman and philanthropist
1939 – Breyten Breytenbach, South African-French poet and painter
1939 – Bill McGill, American basketball player (d. 2014)
1940 – Hamiet Bluiett, American saxophonist and composer
1940 – Butch Buchholz, American tennis player
1941 – Joe Butler, American singer, autoharp player, and drummer
1941 – Richard Perle, American political scientist and politician
1942 – Bernie Calvert, English bass player and keyboard player
1942 – Susan L. Graham, American computer scientist and academic
1943 – Wang Houjun, Chinese footballer and manager (d. 2012)
1943 – James Alan McPherson, American short story writer and essayist (d. 2016)
1944 – Linda Kaye Henning, American actress
1944 – Betty Kelly, American soul/R&B singer (Martha and the Vandellas)
1946 – Sonny LeMaire, American country music singer-songwriter and bass player (Exile)
1946 – Mike Reynolds, Australian lawyer and politician
1946 – Camilo Sesto, Spanish singer-songwriter and producer
1947 – Dusty Hughes, English director and playwright
1948 – Ron Blair, American bass player
1948 – Rosemary Casals, American tennis player and sportscaster
1948 – Julia Donaldson, English author and playwright
1948 – Kenney Jones, English drummer
1948 – Susan Ruttan, American actress
1949 – Ed Begley Jr., American actor and environmental activist
1950 – David Bellamy, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1950 – Henry Louis Gates Jr., American historian, scholar, and journalist
1950 – Loyd Grossman, American-English singer, guitarist, and television host
1951 – Vince Bell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1951 – Andy Irvine, Scottish rugby player and coach
1952 – Tony Cunningham, English educator and politician
1952 – Česlovas Laurinavičius, Lithuanian historian
1952 – Karen Muir, South African swimmer and physician (d. 2013)
1952 – Mickey Rourke, American boxer and actor
1953 – Kurt Fuller, American character actor
1953 – Alan Barton, English singer and guitarist (d. 1995)
1953 – Nancy Huston, Canadian-American author and translator
1953 – Mark Malloch Brown, Baron Malloch-Brown, English journalist and politician, 2nd Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations
1953 – Jerry Pate, American golfer and sportscaster
1953 – Manuel Pellegrini, Chilean footballer and manager
1953 – Eric Vail, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
1954 – Sanjoy Bandopadhyay, Indian sitar player and composer
1954 – Earl Klugh, American guitarist and composer
1954 – William McKeen, American author and academic
1954 – Colin Newman, English singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer
1954 – Frank Reed, American singer-songwriter (d. 2014)
1954 – Roger Woolley, Australian cricketer
1955 – Ron Brewer, American basketball player
1955 – Robin Yount, American baseball player and coach
1956 – Maggie Atkinson, English educator and civil servant
1956 – David Copperfield, American magician and actor
1956 – Ross Greenberg, American journalist and antivirus pioneer (d. 2017)
1956 – Dave Schulthise, American bass player (d. 2004)
1956 – Kazuharu Sonoda, Japanese wrestler (d. 1987)
1957 – DC Drake, American wrestler
1957 – Clara Furse, English businesswoman
1957 – Norman Lamb, English lawyer and politician
1957 – David McCreery, Northern Irish footballer and manager
1957 – Anca Parghel, Romanian singer and pianist (d. 2008)
1958 – Orel Hershiser, American baseball player and coach
1958 – Neville Southall, Welsh footballer and manager
1958 – Jennifer Tilly, American actress and poker player
1959 – Peter Keleghan, Canadian actor and screenwriter
1959 – Tim Raines, American baseball player, coach, and manager
1959 – Dave Richardson, South African cricketer, manager, and lawyer
1959 – Victory Tischler-Blue, American bass player, director, and producer
1960 – Graham Haynes, American trumpet player and composer
1960 – Mike Mignola, American author and illustrator
1961 – Bilinda Butcher, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
1961 – Philip Lafon, Canadian wrestler
1961 – Annamária Szalai, Hungarian journalist, economist, and politician (d. 2013)
1962 – Seth, Canadian author and illustrator
1963 – Richard Marx, American singer-songwriter and producer
1964 – Mary Coustas, Australian actress and screenwriter
1964 – Rossy de Palma, Spanish-French model and actress
1964 – Dave Sabo, American guitarist and songwriter
1964 – Molly Shannon, American actress, comedian and producer
1965 – Katy Kurtzman, American actress and producer
1965 – Karl-Heinz Riedle, German footballer and manager
1966 – John Bel Edwards, American attorney and politician
1966 – Wil McCarthy, American author and playwright
1966 – Scott Workman, American stuntman and actor (d. 2013)
1966 – Kevin Young, American hurdler
1967 – Hiroya Oku, Japanese author and illustrator
1968 – Marc Anthony, American singer-songwriter, actor, and producer
1968 – Walt Becker, American director, producer, and screenwriter
1968 – Tommy Keane, Irish footballer (d. 2012)
1969 – Justine Frischmann, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
1969 – Janno Gibbs, Filipino singer-songwriter and actor
1970 – Mark Schultz, American singer-songwriter
1971 – Joel Heyman, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
1971 – Amy Poehler, American actress, comedian, and producer
1971 – Richard Slinger, American wrestler
1972 – Mark Bruener, American football player
1972 – Mike Doyle, American actor and producer
1972 – Alessandro Nunziati, Italian singer-songwriter and producer
1973 – George Corrie, English footballer
1973 – Camiel Eurlings, Dutch businessman and member of the International Olympic Committee
1973 – Justin Haythe, American author and screenwriter
1973 – Alexander Vinokourov, Kazakh cyclist and manager
1974 – Loona, Dutch singer-songwriter and dancer
1974 – Monique Brumby, Australian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1974 – Joaquín Castro, American lawyer and politician
1974 – Julian Castro, American lawyer and politician, 16th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
1975 – Jason Leffler, American race car driver (d. 2013)
1975 – Shannon Noll, Australian singer-songwriter
1976 – Elīna Garanča, Latvian soprano
1976 – Tina Barrett, English singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress
1976 – Greg Buckner, American basketball player and coach
1977 – Gregory Ball, American captain and politician
1977 – Musiq Soulchild, American singer-songwriter
1978 – Dan Dickau, American basketball player and coach
1978 – Claudia Marx, German runner
1978 – Sensei, Mexican wrestler
1978 – Brian Sims, American lawyer, politician, and LGBT activist
1979 – Fanny, French singer
1979 – Bobby Korecky, American baseball player
1980 – Patrik Štefan, Czech ice hockey player
1980 – Kenny van Weeghel, Dutch wheelchair racer
1981 – Fan Bingbing, Chinese actress, singer, and producer
1981 – Alexis Bledel, American actress
1981 – LaVerne Jones-Ferrette, Virgin Islander sprinter
1982 – Leon Knight, English footballer
1982 – Michele Rizzo, Italian rugby player
1982 – Fiete Sykora, German footballer
1982 – Ryan Thomson, Scottish footballer
1983 – John Afoa, New Zealand rugby player
1983 – Katerine Avgoustakis, Belgian singer and pianist
1983 – Jennifer Blake, Canadian wrestler
1983 – Kirsty Coventry, Zimbabwean swimmer
1983 – Brandon Moss, American baseball player
1983 – Legedu Naanee, American football player
1984 – Sabrina Bryan, American singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress
1984 – Serginho Catarinense, Brazilian footballer
1984 – Katie Melua, Georgian-English singer-songwriter and guitarist
1985 – Max Minghella, English actor
1986 – Gordon Beckham, American baseball player
1986 – Kyla Pratt, American actress and singer
1987 – Merve Boluğur, Turkish actress
1987 – Kyle Lafferty, Irish footballer
1987 – Louis Ngwat-Mahop, Cameroonian footballer
1987 – Burry Stander, South African cyclist (d. 2013)
1987 – Travis Wall, American dancer and choreographer
1988 – Teddy Geiger, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
1989 – Lancelot Bravado, American wrestler
1989 – Braden Holtby, Canadian ice hockey player
1989 – José Salomón Rondón, Venezuelan footballer
1989 – Dustin Tokarski, Canadian ice hockey player
1991 – Diāna Bukājeva, Latvian tennis player
1991 – Alexandra Paul, Canadian figure skater
1991 – Kyle Smith, English motorcycle racer
1992 – Vytenis Čižauskas, Lithuanian basketball player
1992 – Nick Jonas, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1992 – Jake Roche, English singer-songwriter and actor
1993 – Sam Byram, English footballer
1994 – Mitchell Moses, Australian rugby league player
Deaths[edit]
307 – Flavius Valerius Severus, Roman emperor
655 – Pope Martin I
1087 – Pope Victor III (b. 1026)
1100 – Bernold of Constance, German priest and historian (b. 1054)
1226 – Pandulf Verraccio, Roman ecclesiastical politician
1343 – Philip III of Navarre (b. 1306)
1345 – John IV, Duke of Brittany (b. 1295)
1360 – William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton (b. 1319)
1380 – Charles V of France (b. 1338)
1394 – Antipope Clement VII (b. 1342)
1406 – Cyprian, Metropolitan of Moscow (b. 1336)
1498 – Tomás de Torquemada, Spanish friar (b. 1420)
1581 – Peter Niers, notorious German bandit (date of birth unknown)
1583 – Catherine Jagiellon, queen of John II of Sweden (b. 1526)
1589 – Michael Baius, Belgian theologian and academic (b. 1513)
1607 – Mary Stuart, English-Scottish princess (b. 1605)
1672 – Anne Bradstreet, English poet (b. 1612)
1701 – James II of England (b. 1633)
1736 – Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, Polish-Dutch physicist and engineer, invented the thermometer (b. 1686)
1792 – Nguyễn Huệ, Vietnamese emperor (b. 1753)
1803 – Nicolas Baudin, French explorer, hydrographer, and cartographer (b. 1754)
1819 – John Jeffries, American physician and surgeon (b. 1744)
1824 – Louis XVIII of France (b. 1755)
1843 – Ezekiel Hart, Canadian businessman and politician (b. 1770)
1845 – Thomas Davis, Irish poet and publisher (b. 1814)
1865 – Christian de Meza, Danish general (b. 1792)
1887 – Sakaigawa Namiemon, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 14th Yokozuna (b. 1841)
1896 – Antônio Carlos Gomes, Brazilian composer (b. 1836)
1896 – Pavlos Kalligas, Greek jurist and politician, Foreign Minister of Greece (b. 1814)
1898 – Ramón Emeterio Betances, Puerto Rican surgeon and politician (b. 1827)
1911 – Edward Whymper, English-French mountaineer, explorer, and author (b. 1840)
1914 – C. X. Larrabee, American businessman (b. 1843)
1925 – Leo Fall, Czech-Austrian composer (b. 1873)
1925 – Alexander Friedmann, Russian physicist and mathematician (b. 1888)
1931 – Omar Mukhtar, Libyan theorist and educator (b. 1862)
1932 – Ronald Ross, Indian-English physician and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1857)
1933 – George Gore, American baseball player and manager (b. 1857)
1936 – Jean-Baptiste Charcot, French physician and explorer (b. 1867)
1940 – Charles Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington, English-Scottish politician, 8th Governor of Queensland (b. 1860)
1944 – Gustav Bauer, German journalist and politician, 11th Chancellor of Germany (b. 1870)
1945 – John McCormack, Irish tenor and actor (b. 1884)
1946 – James Hopwood Jeans, English physicist, astronomer, and mathematician (b. 1877)
1950 – Pedro de Cordoba, American actor (b. 1881)
1955 – Leo Amery, Indian-English journalist and politician, Secretary of State for the Colonies (b. 1873)
1961 – Hasan Polatkan, Turkish politician, 15th Turkish Minister of Finance (b. 1915)
1961 – Fatin Rüştü Zorlu, Turkish diplomat and politician, 21st Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1910)
1965 – Ahn Eak-tai, North Korean composer and conductor (b. 1906)
1965 – Fred Quimby, American animator and producer (b. 1886)
1973 – Víctor Jara, Chilean singer-songwriter, teacher and theatre director (b. 1932)
1976 – Bertha Lutz, Brazilian feminist and scientist (b. 1894)
1977 – Marc Bolan, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1947)
1977 – Maria Callas, Greek operatic soprano (b. 1923)
1980 – Jean Piaget, Swiss psychologist and philosopher (b. 1896)
1984 – Louis Réard, French engineer and fashion designer, created the bikini (b. 1897)
1984 – Richard Brautigan, American novelist, poet, and short story writer (b. 1935)
1987 – Christopher Soames, English soldier and politician, Governor of Southern Rhodesia (b. 1920)
1991 – Olga Spessivtseva, Russian-American ballerina (b. 1895)
1992 – Millicent Fenwick, American journalist and politician (b. 1910)
1993 – František Jílek, Czech conductor (b. 1913)
1993 – Oodgeroo Noonuccal, Australian poet and activist (b. 1920)
1996 – McGeorge Bundy, American intelligence officer and diplomat, 6th United States National Security Advisor (b. 1919)
1996 – Gene Nelson, American actor, dancer, and director (b. 1920)
2001 – Samuel Z. Arkoff, American producer (b. 1918)
2002 – James Gregory, American actor (b. 1911)
2003 – Sheb Wooley, American singer-songwriter (b. 1921)
2004 – Michael Donaghy, American-English poet and author (b. 1954)
2005 – Harry Freedman, Canadian horn player, composer, and educator (b. 1922)
2005 – Gordon Gould, American physicist and academic, invented the laser (b. 1920)
2006 – Floyd Curry, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1925)
2007 – Robert Jordan, American engineer and author (b. 1948)
2008 – Norman Whitfield, American songwriter and producer (b. 1940)
2009 – Myles Brand, American philosopher and academic (b. 1942)
2009 – Ernst Märzendorfer, Austrian conductor (b. 1921)
2009 – Mary Travers, American singer-songwriter (b. 1936)
2010 – George N. Parks, American educator and bandleader (b. 1953)
2010 – Jim Towers, English footballer (b. 1933)
2011 – Willie "Big Eyes" Smith, American singer-songwriter, harmonica player, and drummer (b. 1936)
2012 – Roman Kroitor, Canadian director and producer, co-founded IMAX (b. 1926)
2012 – Julien J. LeBourgeois, American admiral (b. 1923)
2012 – Friedrich Zimmermann, German lawyer and politician, German Federal Minister of the Interior (b. 1925)
2013 – Scott Adams, American football player (b. 1966)
2013 – Ratiba El-Hefny, Egyptian soprano and director (b. 1931)
2013 – Patsy Swayze, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1927)
2014 – H. M. Fowler American sergeant and politician (b. 1918)
2015 – Guy Béart, Egyptian-French singer-songwriter (b. 1930)
2015 – Julio Brady, Virgin Islander lawyer, judge, and politician, 5th Lieutenant Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (b. 1942)
2015 – Kurt Oppelt, Austrian figure skater and coach (b. 1932)
2015 – Allan Wright, English captain and pilot (b. 1920)
2016 – Edward Albee, American director and playwright (b. 1928)
2016 – Gabriele Amorth, Italian priest and exorcist (b. 1925)
2016 – Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, Italian economist and politician, 10th President of Italy and 49th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1920)
2016 – W. P. Kinsella, American novelist (b. 1935)
2016 – António Mascarenhas Monteiro, Cabo Verdean politician, 2nd President of Cape Verde (b. 1944)
2016 – Gérard Louis-Dreyfus, French-born American businessman (b. 1932)
2017 – Marcelo Rezende, Brazilian journalist (b. 1951)
2017 – Arjan Singh, Marshal of the Indian Air Force (b. 1919)
Holidays and observances[edit]
Christian feast day:
Andrew Kim Taegon (one of The Korean Martyrs)
Curcodomus
Cyprian (Catholic Church)
Edith of Wilton
Euphemia
Ludmila
Ninian
Pope Cornelius
September 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics).
Owain Glyndŵr Day, celebrates the life of Owain Glyndŵr who became Prince of Wales on this day in 1400.
Cry of Dolores, celebrates the declaration of independence of Mexico from Spain in 1810. See Fiestas Patrias
Independence Day (Papua New Guinea), celebrates the independence of Papua New Guinea from Australia in 1975.
International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer
Malaysian Armed Forces Day (Malaysia)
Malaysia Day (Malaysia, Singapore)
Martyrs' Day (Libya)
National Heroes Day (Saint Kitts and Nevis)
National Guacamole Day (United States)
Stay Away from Seattle Day (Chase's Calendar of Events)
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BBC: On This Day
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text:
Hasta la vista, baby
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the catchphrase. For other uses, see Hasta la vista, baby (disambiguation).
"Hasta la vista, baby"
Character
Terminator
Actor
Arnold Schwarzenegger
First used in
Terminator 2: Judgment Day
Voted #76 in AFI's 100 Movie Quotes poll
Arnold Schwarzenegger's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame
"Hasta la vista, baby" is a catchphrase associated with Arnold Schwarzenegger's title character from the 1991 science fiction thriller film Terminator 2: Judgment Day.
Contents
[hide]
1 Origination and uses
2 Terminator 2: Judgment Day
3 Politics
4 Other usage
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Origination and uses[edit]
The term "Hasta la vista" is a Spanish farewell that can be literally translated as "Until the (next) sighting" and means "See you later" and "Goodbye". This term, with the added word "baby" - "=Hasta la vista, baby" - was used in the popular hit song from 1987, "Looking for a New Love" by Grammy Award winner Jody Watley.[1] It was also used in the 1988 Tone Lōc single "Wild Thing".
Terminator 2: Judgment Day[edit]
"Hasta la vista, baby" became a famous catchphrase when it was used in the 1991 film Terminator 2: Judgment Day, which was written by James Cameron and William Wisher Jr. The phrase is featured in an exchange between the film's characters John Connor (Edward Furlong) and The Terminator (Arnold Schwarzenegger), where the former teaches the latter the use of slang:
John Connor: No, no, no, no. You gotta listen to the way people talk. You don't say "affirmative" or some shit like that. You say "no problemo". And if someone comes on to you with an attitude, you say "eat me". And if you want to shine them on, it's "hasta la vista, baby".
The Terminator: Hasta la vista, baby.
The Terminator says the phrase again prior to shattering the liquid nitrogen-frozen T-1000 with a gunshot, famously enunciating it with the pause before the word "baby".
In the European Spanish version of the film, the phrase was dubbed as "Sayonara, baby" to preserve its humorous nature among Spanish-speaking audiences.[2] However, in the Hispanic American version of the film, the phrase remains untouched.
Politics[edit]
Schwarzenegger has since used the phrase during public speeches as part of his political career. During the 1992 Republican primaries, Pat Buchanan challenged President George H. W. Bush for the nomination. Schwarzenegger joined Bush in New Hampshire and urged voters to send Pat Buchanan a message: "Hasta la vista, baby."[3]
On October 7, 2003, Schwarzenegger was elected Governor of California in a recall election. The Michigan Daily titled its article "Voters bid 'hasta la vista' to Davis".[4]
On November 17, 2008, Schwarzenegger said in an interview on CNN: "There are so many different challenges California has — it's the greatest state in the greatest country in the world. Hasta la vista, baby!"[5]
In 2008, Schwarzenegger met with Chilean president Michelle Bachelet during her state visit to California. Bachelet closed her public speech with the phrase "Hasta la vista" and imitated Schwarzenegger's accent.[6]
Other usage[edit]
Sign at the Fort Bliss U.S. Army post
The phrase was also the title of the Skin album Hasta la Vista, Baby! and part of the title of U2's 1997 live album Hasta la Vista Baby! U2 Live in Mexico City.
See also[edit]
I'll be back - Another Schwarzenegger catchphrase from The Terminator.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Hasta la vista". Phrases.org.uk. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)". IMDb. Amazon. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "The 1992 Campaign - Republicans - SCHWARZENEGGER ASSAILS BUCHANAN". The New York Times Company. The New York Times Company. 16 February 1992. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Voters bid 'hasta la vista' to Davis". The Michigan Daily. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
Jump up ^ [1] Archived May 30, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Michelle Bachelet and Arnold Schwarzenegger". YouTube. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
External links[edit]
"Hasta la vista, baby", at The Phrase Finder
[hide]
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text:
Super Bowl ring
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Steelers Super Bowl XL ring
Joe Theismann's Super Bowl ring (right)
The Super Bowl ring is an award in the National Football League given to the winners of the league's annual championship game, the Super Bowl. Since only one Vince Lombardi Trophy is awarded to the team (ownership) itself, the Super Bowl ring offers a collectable memento for the actual players and team members to keep for themselves to symbolise their victory.
Contents
[hide]
1 Details
2 Value and resale
3 Most Super Bowl rings
4 Players with Super Bowl and Grey Cup rings
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Details[edit]
These rings are typically made of yellow or white gold with diamonds. They usually include the team name, team logo, and Super Bowl number (usually indicated in Roman numerals). The NFL contributes up to $5,000 per ring for up to 150 rings for the winning team; any additional costs are borne by the team.[1] Most rings are manufactured by memorabilia company Jostens. In 2015, the rings for the New England Patriots reportedly cost $36,500 each, making them the most expensive rings Jostens has ever produced.[2]
The winning team can typically present rings to whomever they choose, including usually, but not limited to: players (active roster or injured), coaches, trainers, executives, personnel, and general staff. Some teams have given rings to former players and coaches that were on the team at some point during the season, despite not having been on the winning roster for the Super Bowl itself.[3][4] Sometimes a team will give rings to fans as part of a charity raffle.[5] Teams can distribute any number of rings. A recent trend over the last 15–20 years has been lesser rings awarded to front office staff. These are commonly called "B" and "C" level rings and are smaller and contain fewer diamonds or contain faux diamonds. The first instance of this was the Redskins Super Bowl XVII ring when many in the front office received rings that were not solid gold and contained cubic zirconia stones (which resemble diamonds). When Tampa Bay won Super Bowl XXXVII, the players and coaches received rings with a diamond-centered Lombardi trophy. Some staff received rings with a metal Lombardi trophy and real diamonds surrounding the trophy and the "C" level ring did not contain any diamonds.
Many rings feature diamonds in the shape of the Vince Lombardi Trophy or a football. Some feature diamonds or gold in the shape of a team logo. Others illustrate the number of Super Bowls that franchise has won. Also, the rings are customized with the player's name and uniform number.
The Green Bay Packers Super Bowl XLV ring[6] contained more than 100 diamonds. The Packer logo, in the center of the ring, made up 13 diamonds, one for each title the team has won, dating back to 1929. In a break from tradition, this is the first Super Bowl ring to be made of platinum, not gold.[citation needed]
The New England Patriots Super Bowl LI ring has 283 diamonds, to commemorate their comeback from being down 28-3 versus the Atlanta Falcons late in the 3rd quarter.[7]
Value and resale[edit]
Replicas of the rings for various years are popular collectibles, along with genuine rings. Dave Meggett is known to have placed his ring for sale on eBay. Two Super Bowl rings from the 1970 Steelers sold on eBay for over $69,000 apiece in mid-2008.[8] Patriots safety Je'Rod Cherry raffled his ring from Super Bowl XXXVI in November 2008 to benefit several charities working to help children in Africa and Asia.[9] Tight end Shannon Sharpe, meanwhile, gave his first Super Bowl ring to his brother Sterling, who had his career cut short by injury.[10]
In 2011, a Super Bowl ring belonging to Steve Wright, a lineman for the Green Bay Packers in the 1960s, sold for over $73,000 at auction. Three Super Bowl rings belonging to former Raiders' punter Ray Guy brought over $96,000 at auction. In 2012, Lawrence Taylor's son sold his father's Super Bowl ring from 1990 for more than $250,000.
Most Super Bowl rings[edit]
Seven: two people.
Bill Belichick: two as defensive coordinator of the New York Giants and five as head coach of New England Patriots
Neal Dahlen:[11][12] five with San Francisco 49ers (staff and player personnel) and two with Denver Broncos (general manager)
Six: six people.
Dan Rooney and Art Rooney II: each as an executive with Pittsburgh Steelers
Chuck Noll: four as head coach and two as a team consultant with Pittsburgh Steelers
Bill Nunn: each as a scout with Pittsburgh Steelers[13][14]
"Mean Joe" Greene: four as a defensive tackle, two as a special assistant for player personnel, all with the Pittsburgh Steelers[15]
Conditioning coach Mike Woicik: three with Dallas Cowboys and three with New England Patriots
Five: twenty people.
Charles Haley, five (two as a linebacker with the San Francisco 49ers and three as a defensive end with the Dallas Cowboys)
Tom Brady, five as starting quarterback with New England Patriots; he has the most rings of any active player (as of the end of the 2017–18 season), he is the only player to win five playing for one team, and he has more than any other quarterback in Super Bowl history.
Robert Kraft, five as owner of New England Patriots
Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr., five as owner of San Francisco 49ers
Keith Simon: five as CFO and Executive VP with San Francisco 49ers
Bobb McKittrick: five as offensive line coach with San Francisco 49ers
Ray Rhodes: five as an assistant coach with San Francisco 49ers
Bill McPherson: five as defensive line coach with San Francisco 49ers
Dick Hoak: each as a running backs coach with Pittsburgh Steelers
Romeo Crennel: two as a defensive coach with New York Giants and three as a defensive coordinator with New England Patriots
George Seifert: three as an assistant coach and two as a head coach all with San Francisco 49ers
Dwight Clark: two as a player and three as a member of the front office, all with San Francisco 49ers
Pepper Johnson: two as a linebacker for New York Giants and three as an assistant coach with New England Patriots
Monsignor Peter Armstrong: five as chaplain for San Francisco 49ers
Markus Paul: three as an assistant strength and conditioning coach with the New England Patriots, and two as an assistant strength and conditioning coach with the New York Giants[16]
Tim Rooney: Three with Pittsburgh Steelers and two with New York Giants (as Pro Personnel Director/Scout)
Josh McDaniels has won five with the New England Patriots his first as personnel assistant, second as defensive coaching assistant, third as quarterbacks coach and his fourth and fifth as offensive coordinator.
Ivan Fears has won five with New England Patriots his first as wide receivers coach and the remaining as running backs coach.
Ernie Adams has won five with New England Patriots as a football research director
Brian Daboll has won five with New England Patriots, one as a defensive coaching assistant, two as wide receivers coach, and two as tight ends coach
Four: at least 39 players, many coaches and staff.
The first player to win four Super Bowl rings was tight-end Marv Fleming, who got a pair with Green Bay Packers in 1966 and 1967, and another pair with Miami Dolphins in 1972 and 1973.
Twenty-two players earned four rings with Pittsburgh Steelers in the 1970s: Terry Bradshaw, Franco Harris, Lynn Swann, John Stallworth, Mel Blount, Jack Lambert, Jack Ham, Mike Webster, Donnie Shell, L. C. Greenwood, Rocky Bleier, Gerry Mullins, Larry Brown, Mike Wagner, J.T. Thomas, Loren Toews, Jon Kolb, Sam Davis, Steve Furness, Dwight White, Randy Grossman and the previously mentioned Joe Greene (who later added two more rings). At least five coaches were with the team all four years: George Perles, Louis Riecke, Woody Widenhofer and (as noted above) Chuck Noll and Dick Hoak. The list of Steelers front office staff receiving four rings during that era includes Director of Player Personnel Dick Haley.
Tom Flores: First person to have rings as a player (Kansas City Chiefs), assistant coach and head coach (Oakland Raiders)
Joe Montana, Keena Turner, Jesse Sapolu, Eric Wright, Mike Wilson and Ronnie Lott each won four Super Bowl rings with the 49ers.
Kicker Adam Vinatieri won three with the New England Patriots and one with the Indianapolis Colts
Russ Grimm won three with Washington Redskins and one with Pittsburgh Steelers
Ted Hendricks won one with Baltimore Colts and three with Oakland Raiders
Bill Romanowski won two with San Francisco and two with Denver Broncos
Coach Charlie Weis won one with New York Giants and three with New England Patriots
Matt Millen has four rings while playing for four different cities and three different teams, one with Oakland Raiders, one with Los Angeles Raiders, one with San Francisco 49ers, and one with Washington Redskins (only player to earn a ring with four different cities)
Sherman Lewis won three as running backs coach with San Francisco 49ers and one as offensive coordinator with Green Bay Packers
Willie Davis[17] Won all four rings with Green Bay Packers: two as a player, one as a member of the team's board of directors, and one as an emeritus director. He is the only person to possess all four of Green Bay's Super Bowl rings. Davis also won rings as a member of the 1961, 1962 and 1965 NFL Championship Green Bay Packer teams, bringing his unofficial championship ring count to seven, as the first three were awarded prior to the creation of the Super Bowl.
Mike Pope won all four of his Super Bowl rings as the long time Tight End coach for New York Giants
Ken Norton, Jr. was the first member of 3 Super Bowl-winning teams in a row as a player, and gained a 4th ring as the Linebacker coach for the 2013 Seattle Seahawks
Larry Izzo won three Super Bowls with New England Patriots, and one as the special teams assistant coach with New York Giants
Coach Gary Kubiak won one with San Francisco 49ers as quarterbacks coach, two with Denver Broncos as offensive coordinator, and one as the head coach of the Broncos
Dante Scarnecchia has won four with New England Patriots as an offensive line coach, along with being assistant head coach for three of them
Brian Pariani has won four rings. One as an offensive assistant coach with San Francisco 49ers and three as the tight ends coach with the Denver Broncos
Three: many players, coaches and staff
Among the many figures with three are Bill Walsh, John Elway, Mike Ditka, Mike Shanahan, Art Shell, Jerry Rice, Steve Young, Troy Aikman, Emmitt Smith, Jay Novacek, Michael Irvin, Larry Brown, Eric Mangini, Joe Gibbs, Dave Dalby, Cliff Branch, Roger Craig, Shannon Sharpe, Ed McCaffrey, Mark Schlereth, Forrest Gregg, Herb Adderley, Tom Coughlin, LeGarrette Blount, and Matt Cavanaugh.
Twenty-two players earned three rings with the New England Patriots during the early 2000s: Troy Brown, Willie McGinest, Richard Seymour, Ty Law, Mike Vrabel, Tedy Bruschi, Kevin Faulk, Matt Light, Patrick Pass, Ted Johnson, Lonie Paxton, Stephen Neal, Joe Andruzzi, David Patten, Roman Phifer, Tom Ashworth, Adrian Klemm, Je'Rod Cherry, Matt Chatham, the aforementioned Adam Vinatieri (who later added a fourth ring with the Colts), the aforementioned Tom Brady (who went on to win two additional Super Bowls with the Patriots), and the aforementioned Larry Izzo (who won a fourth with the Giants).
Players with Super Bowl and Grey Cup rings[edit]
As of 2017, ten players have won championships in both the NFL and Canada’s equivalent Canadian Football League (CFL).
O. J. Brigance (linebacker) won a Grey Cup ring in 1995 with the CFL’s Baltimore Stallions and won a Super Bowl ring in 2001 with the Baltimore Ravens. He is the only player to win both a Grey Cup and a Super Bowl with teams from the same city.
Brandon Browner (cornerback) won a ring in 2008 with the CFL’s Calgary Stampeders and then won a Super Bowl ring in 2013 with the Seattle Seahawks, although he did not play in that game due to a suspension. He went on to play against the Seahawks in the following year's Super Bowl, when he won a second ring with the 2014 New England Patriots.
Terry Greer (wide receiver) was the first person to win both championships; he won the Grey Cup as a member of the Toronto Argonauts in 1983, and two Super Bowl rings as a member of the San Francisco 49ers in 1988 and 1989.
Harald Hasselbach (defensive end) won a ring in 1992 with the CFL’s Calgary Stampeders and won a Super Bowl ring in 1997 with the Denver Broncos.
Bobby Singh (guard) is the only player to win a Super Bowl (1999 with the St. Louis Rams), and a Grey Cup (2006 with the BC Lions), and the XFL Championship (2001 with the Los Angeles Xtreme).
Alvin Walton (safety) won two Super Bowl rings with the NFL's Washington Redskins (1987 and 1991 seasons, but he did not participate in the 1991 season Super Bowl victory) and won a Grey Cup ring with the Baltimore Stallions in 1995.
Barry Wilburn (cornerback) won a Super Bowl with the Washington Redskins in 1988 and the Grey Cup in 1994 with the BC Lions.
Tyrone Williams (wide receiver) won two Super Bowl rings with Dallas in 1992 and 1993, although he did not participate in either game. He then won a Grey Cup ring with the Toronto Argonauts in 1996.
Andre Rison (wide receiver) won a Super Bowl with the Green Bay Packers in 1996, and a Grey Cup with the Toronto Argonauts in 2004.
Josh Miller (punter) won a Grey Cup with the Baltimore Stallions in 1995, and a Super Bowl with the New England Patriots in 2004.
See also[edit]
National Football League portal
Championship ring
World Series ring
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "How much does a Super Bowl ring cost? It depends". Christian Science Monitor. 2015-01-26. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 2017-12-27.
Jump up ^ "How much does each Patriots Super Bowl ring cost?". Espn.com. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ Sando, Mike (December 16, 2007). "Week 15: Winter Leaves its Mark: Playoff Picture Remains Muddled". Last Call. ESPN.
Jump up ^ Duncan, Jeff (September 28, 2011). "Former New Orleans Saints Player Steve Gleason Gets a Super Bowl Ring at an Emotional Party". The Times-Picayune. New Orleans.
Jump up ^ d'Estries, Michael (September 21, 2010). "New Orleans Saints Raffle Super Bowl Ring for Gulf Spill Charities". Mother Nature Network.
Jump up ^ Hunt, Michael (June 16, 2011). "Packers Marvel at Super Bowl Ring's Might". In My Opinion. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Familiar ring: Pats' SB bling has 283 diamonds". Espn.com. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Steelers Super Bowl Rings Sold In Online Auction". Pittsburgh: WTAE-TV. July 21, 2008. Retrieved February 27, 2009. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Je'Rod Cherry Super Bowl XXXVI Ring Raffle". Celebrities for Charities. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved February 27, 2009. This ring is currently in the possession of a sports collector in Ottawa, Canada
Jump up ^ Garber, Greg. "Super Bowl Ring 'a Symbol of Excellence'". ESPN. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ Edholm, Eric (January 26, 2011). "Lord of the Rings". Pro Football Weekly. Archived from the original on January 30, 2011.
Jump up ^ Delozier, Dave (February 6, 2011). "7 Super Bowl Rings for a Coloradan". Denvery: KUSA-TV. Retrieved February 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Varley, Teresa (February 27, 2007). "Long-Time Scout Bill Nunn Is a Man who Made a Difference" (Press release). Pittsburgh Steelers. Archived from the original on February 10, 2009. Retrieved February 27, 2009.
Jump up ^ Bouchette, Ed (February 20, 2010). "Steelers Scout Nunn Receives Honor". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved March 12, 2010.
Jump up ^ Varley, Teresa (February 12, 2009). "Greene one of few with six rings" (Press release). Pittsburgh Steelers. Archived from the original on February 5, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ Mayer, Larry (March 6, 2012). "Former Bears Safety Boasts Five Super Bowl Rings" (Press release). Chicago Bears. Archived from the original on April 13, 2012. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ Spofford, Mike (July 2, 2011). "One man has all four rings" (Press release). Green Bay Packers. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
External links[edit]
Images of the first 45 Super Bowl Rings at ESPN.com
Images of all of the Super Bowl Rings, photos of presentation boxes & conference rings at sports-rings.com
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