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8 Mile (film)
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8 Mile
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Curtis Hanson
Produced by
Curtis Hanson
Brian Grazer
Jimmy Iovine
Written by
Scott Silver
Starring
Eminem
Kim Basinger
Brittany Murphy
Mekhi Phifer
Music by
Eminem
Cinematography
Rodrigo Prieto
Edited by
Jay Rabinowitz
Production
company
Imagine Entertainment
Distributed by
Universal Pictures
Release date
November 8, 2002 (2002-11-08)
Running time
110 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$41 million[2]
Box office
$242.9 million[2]
8 Mile is a 2002 American hip hop drama film written by Scott Silver, directed by Curtis Hanson, and starring Eminem, Mekhi Phifer, Brittany Murphy, Michael Shannon, and Kim Basinger.
The film is based loosely on Eminem's actual upbringing, and follows white rapper B-Rabbit (Eminem) and his attempt to launch a career in a genre dominated by African-Americans. The title is derived from 8 Mile Road, the highway between the predominantly black city of Detroit and Wayne County and the predominantly White Oakland County and Macomb County suburbs. It was filmed mostly on location.
8 Mile was a critical and commercial success. Eminem won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Lose Yourself."
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Music
4 Reception
4.1 Box office
4.2 Critical reception
4.3 Top lists
4.4 Awards and honors
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
In 1995 in Detroit, Jimmy "B-Rabbit" Smith Jr. is a blue-collar worker from a poor family. He has moved back north of 8 Mile Road to the run-down trailer home in Warren, Michigan of his alcoholic mother Stephanie, his little sister Lily, and Stephanie's abusive live-in boyfriend Greg. Although encouraged by his friends, Jimmy worries about his potential as a rapper. He falters during a rap battle one night at a local venue, the Shelter, and he leaves the stage humiliated.
Jimmy works at a car factory. When he asks for extra shifts, his supervisor laughs and dismisses his request on account of his habitual lateness. Jimmy befriends a woman named Alex. Over time, Jimmy begins to take more responsibility for the direction of his life. When he exhibits an improved attitude and performance at work, his supervisor grants him the extra shifts he requested.
Stephanie receives a notice evicting her and the family as she cannot pay rent. Despite Stephanie's best attempts to keep the eviction notice a secret, Greg finds out about it. A fight ensues between him and Jimmy, and Greg leaves Stephanie for good. Jimmy's friendship with Wink, a radio DJ with ties to a record label promoter, becomes strained after he discovers that Wink does promotional work for Jimmy's rivals, a rap group known as the "Leaders of the Free World." At one point, Jimmy and his friends get into a violent brawl with the Leaders, which is disrupted when Jimmy's friend Cheddar Bob pulls out a gun and accidentally shoots himself in the leg; he survives but is confined to crutches.
At work one day when on lunch break, Jimmy witnesses a rap battle in which an employee insults a gay co-worker, Paul. Jimmy joins the battle and defends Paul. Alex is impressed by Jimmy's actions; they have sex in the factory. Wink arranges for Jimmy to meet with producers at a recording studio, but Jimmy finds Wink and Alex engaging in intercourse. Enraged, Jimmy attacks Wink as Alex tries to break up their altercation. In retaliation, Wink and the Leaders of the Free World assault Jimmy outside his mother's trailer. The leader of the gang, Papa Doc, holds Jimmy at gunpoint, threatening to kill him before being dissuaded by Wink.
Jimmy's best friend and battle host, Future, pushes him to get revenge by competing against the Leaders of the Free World at the next rap battle. However, Jimmy's late-night shift conflicts with the timing of the next battle tournament. A goodbye visit from Alex, who is moving to New York, changes his mind about competing, and Paul agrees to cover his shift at work as a favor while Jimmy goes to the battle.
In all rounds of the rap battle, Jimmy has to compete against one member of "the Leaders." After winning the first two rounds, he has to challenge Papa Doc. He wins by exposing his opponent's weaknesses as well as his own. With nothing to say in rebuttal, Papa Doc hands the microphone back to Future, embarrassed. After being congratulated by Alex and his friends, Jimmy is offered a position by Future, hosting battles at The Shelter. Jimmy declines, saying he has to get back to work and to find success his own way.
Cast[edit]
Eminem as Jimmy "B-Rabbit" Smith, Jr.
Mekhi Phifer as Future, Jimmy's closest friend and the rap battle host
Brittany Murphy as Alex Latourno, Jimmy's love interest
Kim Basinger as Stephanie, Jimmy and Lily's mother
Anthony Mackie as Papa Doc
Michael Shannon as Greg Buehl, Stephanie's boyfriend
Eugene Byrd as Wink
Evan Jones as Cheddar Bob, Jimmy's friend
Omar Benson Miller as Sol George, Jimmy's friend and Iz's brother
De'Angelo Wilson as DJ Iz, Jimmy's friend and Sol's brother
Taryn Manning as Janeane, Jimmy's ex-girlfriend
Proof as Lil' Tic
Xzibit as Mike (Male Lunch Truck Rapper)
Craig Chandler as Paul
Obie Trice as Male parking lot rapper
Chloe Greenfield as Lily, Jimmy's sister
John Singleton as Bouncer
Miz Korona as Vanessa (Female Lunch Truck Rapper)
Brandon T. Jackson (uncredited) as a Chin Tiki club-foe
Music[edit]
Main article: Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture 8 Mile
Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture 8 Mile is the soundtrack to 8 Mile. Eminem features on five tracks from the album. It was released under the Shady/Interscope label and spawned Eminem's first number 1 US single[3] "Lose Yourself". The album debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 Albums Chart that year with over 702,000 copies sold and 507,000 sold in the second week also finishing the year as the fifth best-selling album of 2002 with US sales of 3.2 million, despite only two months of release. It also reached #1 on the UK Compilations Chart and the Australian ARIAnet Albums Chart. It also spawned a follow up soundtrack, More Music from 8 Mile, consisting of songs that appear in 8 Mile that were current singles during the film's time setting of 1995. The album was also made in a clean edition removing most of the strong profanity and violent content.
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
8 Mile opened at #1 with $51,240,555 in its opening weekend, the then second highest opening for an R-rated movie in the U.S.[4] The film would go on to gross $116,750,901 domestically, and $126,124,177 overseas for a total of $242,875,078 worldwide.[2] The film's final domestic gross would hold the film at #3 in Box Office Mojo's "Pop Star Debuts" list, behind Austin Powers in Goldmember (Beyoncé) and The Bodyguard (Whitney Houston).
The 8 Mile DVD, which was released on March 18, 2003, generated $75 million in sales and rentals in its first week, making it the biggest DVD debut ever for an R-rated movie and putting it in the all-time Top 10 for first week home video sales for a movie. A VHS version was also released on the same date.[5][6]
Critical reception[edit]
8 Mile received positive reviews, with critics praising the music and Eminem's performance. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports the film is "Certified Fresh", with 76% of 206 professional critics giving the film a positive review and a rating average of 7.0 out of 10. The site's consensus is that "Even though the story is overly familiar, there's enough here for an engaging ride."[7] On Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 reviews from film critics, the film has rating score of 77 based on 38 reviews, which indicates "generally favorable reviews".[8] CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend revealed the average grade cinemagoers gave 8 Mile was B+ on an A+ to F scale, with the core under-21 demographics giving it an A.[9]
Roger Ebert gave the film 3 out of 4 stars. He said that we "are hardly started in 8 Mile, and already we see that this movie stands aside from routine debut films by pop stars" and that it is "a faithful reflection of his myth". He said that Eminem, as an actor, is "convincing without being too electric" and "survives the X-ray truth-telling of the movie camera"[10] In the At the Movies with Ebert and Roeper review, both Ebert and Richard Roeper gave the film a thumbs up; Roeper said that Eminem has a "winning screen presence" and "raw magic" to him. He was happy with Rabbit's "tender side" presented through his relationship with the "adorable" Greenfield as his sister, but felt that Basinger was "really miscast". Roeper said: "8 Mile probably won't win converts to rap, but it should thrill Eminem fans."[11]
Peter Travers gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars. He said that 8 Mile "is a real movie, not a fast-buck package to exploit the fan base of a rap nonentity" that "qualifies as a cinematic event by tapping into the roots of Eminem and the fury and feeling that inform his rap." He praised Hanson's directing and the performances, and compared the final battle with Papa Doc to the fight between Rocky Balboa and Apollo Creed in Rocky.[12]
Top lists[edit]
8 Mile has been named in various year-end and all-time top lists:
2nd – Billboard (Erika Ramirez): Top 10 Best Hip-Hop Movies Ever[13]
7th – The New York Observer (Andrew Sarris): The 10 Best English-Language Films of 2002[14]
9th – Time (Richard Schickel): Top 10 Movies of 2002[15]
10th – Rolling Stone (Peter Travers): The Best Movies of 2002[16]
N/A – The Daily Californian: Best Films of 2002[17]
Awards and honors[edit]
In 2003, Eminem won the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 75th Academy Awards, for his single "Lose Yourself" from the soundtrack of 8 Mile.[18][19] Thus he became the first hip hop artist ever to win an Academy Award. He was not present at the ceremony, but musician Luis Resto accepted the award.[20] The film has been nominated for 32 awards, winning 11.[21]
[show]List of awards and nominations
Year
Award
Category
Result
Recipient
2003 Academy Award Best Original Song – Lose Yourself Won Eminem, Luis Resto and Jeff Bass
Black Reel Awards Best Original Soundtrack Nominated 8 Mile
BMI Film Award for Music Won Eminem
Most Performed Song from a Film – Lose Yourself Won Eminem
Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards Critics Choice Award for Best Song – Lose Yourself Won Eminem
CNOMA Awards Best Make-Up Artist for a Feature Film Nominated Donald Mowat
Chicago Film Critics Association Awards Most Promising Performer Nominated Eminem
European Film Awards Screen International Award Nominated Curtis Hanson
Golden Globe Award[22] Best Original Song – Lose Yourself Nominated Eminem
Golden Trailer Awards[23] Best Music Nominated 8 Mile
Best of Show Nominated 8 Mile
Most Original Nominated 8 Mile
Golden Reel Award Best Sound Editing in a Feature - Music - Musical Nominated Carlton Kaller
Hollywood Makeup Artist and Hair Stylist Guild Awards Best Contemporary Makeup - Feature Nominated Donald Mowat, Ronnie Specter, Matiki Anoff
MTV Movie Awards[24] Best Movie Nominated 8 Mile
Best Male Performance Won Eminem
Breakthrough Male Performance Won Eminem
Online Film Critics Society Awards Best Breakthrough Performance Nominated Eminem
Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards Best Original Song – Lose Yourself Nominated Eminem
Satellite Awards Best Original Song – Lose Yourself Nominated Eminem
Teen Choice Awards Choice Movie: Drama Nominated 8 Mile
Choice Movie Actor: Drama Won Eminem
Choice Movie: Male Breakout Star Won Eminem
Choice Crossover Artist Nominated Eminem
Choice Movie: Liplock Nominated Eminem and Brittany Murphy
World Soundtrack Awards Best Original Song Written for a Film – Lose Yourself Nominated Eminem
2004 ASCAP Awards Most Performed Song from a Motion Picture – Lose Yourself Won Eminem
Grammy Award[25] Grammy Award for Record of the Year – Lose Yourself Nominated Eminem
Grammy Award for Song of the Year – Lose Yourself Nominated Jeff Bass, Eminem & Luis Resto
Grammy Award for Best Rap Song – Lose Yourself Won Jeff Bass, Eminem & Luis Resto
Grammy Award for Best Male Rap Solo Performance – Lose Yourself Won Eminem
Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media – Lose Yourself Nominated Jeff Bass, Eminem & Luis Resto
The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:
2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
"Lose Yourself" – #93[26]
2006: AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – Nominated[27]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "8 Mile". British Board of Film Classification. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
^ Jump up to: a b c 8 Mile at Box Office Mojo
Jump up ^ "Eminem." Encyclopedia of Popular Music, 4th ed. Ed. Colin Larkin. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 27 Sep. 2016.
Jump up ^ "Eminem movie tops at US box office". RTÉ. 2002-11-12. Retrieved 2011-10-06.
Jump up ^ Hettrick, Scott (2003-03-24). "'8 Mile' DVD's going far". Variety. Retrieved 2011-09-20.
Jump up ^ "Eminem Stars in '8 MILE' Coming to DVD and VHS March 18, 2003". PR Newswire. 2003-01-30. Retrieved 2011-09-20.
Jump up ^ "8 Mile Movie Reviews". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on 2008-07-30. Retrieved 2008-07-30.
Jump up ^ "8 Mile". Metacritic. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "Box Office Prophets: Box Office Report for November 8-10, 2002". Box Office Prophets. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "8 Mile". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2011-02-27.
Jump up ^ http://apps.tvplex.go.com/ebertandthemovies/audioplayer.cgi?file=021111_8_mile[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "8 Mile". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Ramirez, Erika (November 8, 2012). "Top 10 Best Hip-Hop Movies Ever". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved February 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ Sarris, Andrew (January 13, 2003). "The Best Films of 2002, And a Few Honorable Mentions". The New York Observer. The New York Observer, LLC. Retrieved February 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ Schickel, Richard (December 12, 2002). "Top 10 Everything 2002: Movies (Schickel)". Time. Time Inc. Retrieved February 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ Travers, Peter (December 26, 2002). "The Best and Worst Movies of 2002". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media, LLC. Retrieved February 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Best Films of 2002". The Daily Californian. Independent Berkeley Students Publishing Company, Inc. January 21, 2003. Retrieved February 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The 75th Academy Awards (2003) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 2011-09-12.
Jump up ^ "The 60th Annual Golden Globe Awards (2003)". Hollywood Foreign Press Association. Archived from the original on 2010-12-29. Retrieved 2011-12-26.
Jump up ^ Bozza 2003, p. 174
Jump up ^ "8 Mile". IMDB. 8 November 2002. Retrieved 15 September 2016 – via IMDb.
Jump up ^ "The 60th Annual Golden Globe Awards (2003)". GoldenGlobes.com. HFPA. 2003. Retrieved February 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Winners and Nominees for the 4th Annual Golden Trailer Awards". GoldenTrailer.com. 2003. Archived from the original on February 23, 2014. Retrieved February 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ "2003 MTV Movie Awards". MTV. Viacom Media Networks. 2003. Retrieved February 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Past Winners". GRAMMY.com. National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. 2003. Retrieved February 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved 2016-08-14.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers Nominees" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-08-14.
External links[edit]
Detroit portal
Film portal
2000s portal
Hip hop portal
Eminem portal
Wikiquote has quotations related to: 8 Mile
Official website
8 Mile on IMDb
8 Mile at AllMovie
8 Mile at Box Office Mojo
8 Mile at Rotten Tomatoes
8 Mile at Metacritic
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Curtis Hanson
Sweet Kill (1973)
The Little Dragons (1979)
Losin' It (1983)
The Children of Times Square (1986)
The Bedroom Window (1987)
Bad Influence (1990)
The Hand That Rocks the Cradle (1992)
The River Wild (1994)
L.A. Confidential (1997)
Wonder Boys (2000)
8 Mile (2002)
In Her Shoes (2005)
Lucky You (2007)
Too Big to Fail (2011)
Chasing Mavericks (2012)
[show]
v
t
e
Brian Grazer
Films produced
Night Shift (1982)
Splash (1984)
Real Genius (1985)
Spies Like Us (1985)
Armed and Dangerous (1986)
Like Father Like Son (1987)
Parenthood (1989)
Kindergarten Cop (1990)
Closet Land (1991)
My Girl (1991)
Far and Away (1992)
Housesitter (1992)
Boomerang (1992)
For Love or Money (1993)
My Girl 2 (1994)
Greedy (1994)
The Paper (1994)
The Cowboy Way (1994)
Apollo 13 (1995)
Sgt. Bilko (1996)
Fear (1996)
The Nutty Professor (1996)
The Chamber (1996)
Ransom (1996)
Liar Liar (1997)
Inventing the Abbotts (1997)
Mercury Rising (1998)
Psycho (1998)
Edtv (1999)
Life (1999)
Bowfinger (1999)
Beyond the Mat (2000)
Nutty Professor II: The Klumps (2000)
How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000)
A Beautiful Mind (2001)
Undercover Brother (2002)
Blue Crush (2002)
8 Mile (2002)
Intolerable Cruelty (2003)
The Cat in the Hat (2003)
The Missing (2003)
Friday Night Lights (2004)
Inside Deep Throat (2005)
Cinderella Man (2005)
Flightplan (2005)
Fun with Dick and Jane (2005)
Inside Man (2006)
The Da Vinci Code (2006)
American Gangster (2007)
Changeling (2008)
Frost/Nixon (2008)
Angels & Demons (2009)
Robin Hood (2010)
The Dilemma (2011)
Restless (2011)
Cowboys & Aliens (2011)
J. Edgar (2011)
Tower Heist (2011)
Katy Perry: Part of Me (2012)
Rush (2013)
In the Heart of the Sea (2015)
Inferno (2016)
Lowriders (2016)
American Made (2017)
TV series created
Shadow Chasers
[show]
v
t
e
Academy Award for Best Original Song
1934–1940
"The Continental"
Music: Con Conrad
Lyrics: Herb Magidson (1934)
"Lullaby of Broadway"
Music: Harry Warren
Lyrics: Al Dubin (1935)
"The Way You Look Tonight"
Music: Jerome Kern
Lyrics: Dorothy Fields (1936)
"Sweet Leilani"
Music and lyrics: Harry Owens (1937)
"Thanks for the Memory"
Music: Ralph Rainger
Lyrics: Leo Robin (1938)
"Over the Rainbow"
Music: Harold Arlen
Lyrics: E. Y. Harburg (1939)
"When You Wish Upon a Star"
Music: Leigh Harline
Lyrics: Ned Washington (1940)
1941–1950
"The Last Time I Saw Paris"
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Lyrics: Oscar Hammerstein II (1941)
"White Christmas"
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"You'll Never Know"
Music: Harry Warren
Lyrics: Mack Gordon (1943)
"Swinging on a Star"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Johnny Burke (1944)
"It Might as Well Be Spring"
Music: Richard Rodgers
Lyrics: Oscar Hammerstein II (1945)
"On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe"
Music: Harry Warren
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1946)
"Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah"
Music: Allie Wrubel
Lyrics: Ray Gilbert (1947)
"Buttons and Bows"
Music: Jay Livingston
Lyrics: Ray Evans (1948)
"Baby, It's Cold Outside"
Music and lyrics: Frank Loesser (1949)
"Mona Lisa"
Music and lyrics: Ray Evans and Jay Livingston (1950)
1951–1960
"In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening"
Music: Hoagy Carmichael
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1951)
"High Noon (Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darlin')"
Music: Dimitri Tiomkin
Lyrics: Ned Washington (1952)
"Secret Love"
Music: Sammy Fain
Lyrics: Paul Francis Webster (1953)
"Three Coins in the Fountain"
Music: Jule Styne
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1954)
"Love Is a Many Splendored Thing"
Music: Sammy Fain
Lyrics: Paul Francis Webster (1955)
"Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)"
Music and lyrics: Jay Livingston and Ray Evans (1956)
"All the Way"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1957)
"Gigi"
Music: Frederick Loewe
Lyrics: Alan Jay Lerner (1958)
"High Hopes"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1959)
"Never on Sunday"
Music and lyrics: Manos Hatzidakis (1960)
1961–1970
"Moon River"
Music: Henry Mancini
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1961)
"Days of Wine and Roses"
Music: Henry Mancini
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1962)
"Call Me Irresponsible"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1963)
"Chim Chim Cher-ee"
Music and lyrics: Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman (1964)
"The Shadow of Your Smile"
Music: Johnny Mandel
Lyrics: Paul Francis Webster (1965)
"Born Free"
Music: John Barry
Lyrics: Don Black (1966)
"Talk to the Animals"
Music and lyrics: Leslie Bricusse (1967)
"The Windmills of Your Mind"
Music: Michel Legrand
Lyrics: Alan and Marilyn Bergman (1968)
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
Music: Burt Bacharach
Lyrics: Hal David (1969)
"For All We Know"
Music: Fred Karlin
Lyrics: Robb Royer and Jimmy Griffin (1970)
1971–1980
"Theme from Shaft"
Music and lyrics: Isaac Hayes (1971)
"The Morning After"
Music and lyrics: Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn (1972)
"The Way We Were"
Music: Marvin Hamlisch
Lyrics: Alan and Marilyn Bergman (1973)
"We May Never Love Like This Again"
Music and lyrics: Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn (1974)
"I'm Easy"
Music and lyrics: Keith Carradine (1975)
"Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)"
Music: Barbra Streisand
Lyrics: Paul Williams (1976)
"You Light Up My Life"
Music and lyrics: Joseph Brooks (1977)
"Last Dance"
Music and lyrics: Paul Jabara (1978)
"It Goes Like It Goes"
Music: David Shire
Lyrics: Norman Gimbel (1979)
"Fame"
Music: Michael Gore
Lyrics: Dean Pitchford (1980)
1981–1990
"Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)"
Music and lyrics: Burt Bacharach, Carole Bayer Sager, Christopher Cross and Peter Allen (1981)
"Up Where We Belong"
Music: Jack Nitzsche and Buffy Sainte-Marie
Lyrics: Will Jennings (1982)
"Flashdance... What a Feeling"
Music: Giorgio Moroder
Lyrics: Keith Forsey and Irene Cara (1983)
"I Just Called to Say I Love You"
Music and lyrics: Stevie Wonder (1984)
"Say You, Say Me"
Music and lyrics: Lionel Richie (1985)
"Take My Breath Away"
Music: Giorgio Moroder
Lyrics: Tom Whitlock (1986)
"(I've Had) The Time of My Life"
Music: Franke Previte, John DeNicola and Donald Markowitz
Lyrics: Franke Previte (1987)
"Let the River Run"
Music and lyrics: Carly Simon (1988)
"Under the Sea"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Howard Ashman (1989)
"Sooner or Later (I Always Get My Man)"
Music and lyrics: Stephen Sondheim (1990)
1991–2000
"Beauty and the Beast"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Howard Ashman (1991)
"A Whole New World"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Tim Rice (1992)
"Streets of Philadelphia"
Music and lyrics: Bruce Springsteen (1993)
"Can You Feel the Love Tonight"
Music: Elton John
Lyrics: Tim Rice (1994)
"Colors of the Wind"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Stephen Schwartz (1995)
"You Must Love Me"
Music: Andrew Lloyd Webber
Lyrics: Tim Rice (1996)
"My Heart Will Go On"
Music: James Horner
Lyrics: Will Jennings (1997)
"When You Believe"
Music and lyrics: Stephen Schwartz (1998)
"You'll Be in My Heart"
Music and lyrics: Phil Collins (1999)
"Things Have Changed"
Music and lyrics: Bob Dylan (2000)
2001–2010
"If I Didn't Have You (Disney song)"
Music and lyrics: Randy Newman (2001)
"Lose Yourself"
Music: Eminem, Jeff Bass and Luis Resto
Lyrics: Eminem (2002)
"Into the West"
Music and lyrics: Fran Walsh, Howard Shore and Annie Lennox (2003)
"Al otro lado del río"
Music and lyrics: Jorge Drexler (2004)
"It's Hard out Here for a Pimp"
Music and lyrics: Juicy J, Frayser Boy and DJ Paul (2005)
"I Need to Wake Up"
Music and lyrics: Melissa Etheridge (2006)
"Falling Slowly"
Music and lyrics: Glen Hansard and Markéta Irglová (2007)
"Jai Ho"
Music: A. R. Rahman
Lyrics: Gulzar (2008)
"The Weary Kind"
Music and lyrics: Ryan Bingham and T Bone Burnett (2009)
"We Belong Together"
Music and lyrics: Randy Newman (2010)
2011–present
"Man or Muppet"
Music and lyrics: Bret McKenzie (2011)
"Skyfall"
Music and lyrics: Adele Adkins and Paul Epworth (2012)
"Let It Go"
Music and lyrics: Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez (2013)
"Glory"
Music and lyrics: John Stephens and Lonnie Lynn (2014)
"Writing's on the Wall"
Music and lyrics: James Napier and Sam Smith (2015)
"City of Stars"
Music: Justin Hurwitz
Lyrics: Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (2016)
"Remember Me"
Music and lyrics: Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez (2017)
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text:
Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district (constituency) to the Legislature of a State in the Indian system of government. Each state has between seven and nine MLAs for every Member of Parliament (MP) that it has in the Lok Sabha. There are also Members in two unicameral legislatures in Union Territories: the Delhi Legislative Assembly and Puducherry Legislative Assembly.
Contents
[hide]
1 State legislature
2 Qualification
3 Term
4 Powers
5 MLA party memberships as of 2 September 2017
6 Presiding officers
7 See also
8 References
State legislature[edit]
In states where there are 45769 houses there is a Legislative Council and a Legislative Assembly. In such a case, the Legislative Council is the Upper House, while Legislative Assembly is the Lower House of the State Legislature.
The Governor shall not be a member of the Legislature or Parliament, shall not hold any office of profit, and shall be entitled to emoluments and allowances. (Article 158 of Indian constitution).
The Legislative Assembly consists of not more than 500 members and not fewer than 60. The biggest state, Uttar Pradesh, has 403 members in its Assembly. States which have small populations and are small in size have a provision for having an even lesser number of members in the Legislative Assembly. Puducherry has 3032564 members. Mizoram and Goa have only 40 members each. Sikkim has 32. All members of the Legislative Assembly are elected on the basis of adult franchise, and one member is elected from one constituency. Just as the President has the power to nominate two Anglo Indians to the Lok Sabha, similarly, the Governor has the power to nominate one member[1] from the Anglo Indian community as he/she deems fit, if he/she is of the opinion that they are not adequately represented in the Assembly.
Qualification[edit]
The qualifications to become a member of the state Legislature are largely similar to the qualifications to be a member of Parliament. A person should be i) a citizen of India ii) not less than 25 years of age[2] to be a member of the Legislative Assembly and not less than 30 years as per Article 54 of Indian Constitution to be a member of the Legislative Council.
No person can become a member of the Legislative Assembly or the Legislative Council of any state, unless the individual is a voter from any constituency of the state. Those who cannot become members of Parliament also cannot become members of the state legislature.
The member is elected by the people of that particular constituency and represents those people in the legislative assembly and debates on issues related to his or her constituency. The MLA's position is like an MP, but the difference is only that MLA is in the state level and the MP is in the national level.
Term[edit]
The term of the Legislative Assembly is five years. However, it may be dissolved earlier than that by the Governor on the request of the Chief Minister. The term of the Legislative Assembly may be extended during an emergency, but not more than six months at a time. In the state of Jammu and Kashmir the tenure of the Legislative Assembly is six years.
The Legislative Council is the Upper House in the State. Just like the Rajya Sabha it is a permanent House. The members of the state's upper house are selected based on the strength of each party in the lower house and by state gubernatorial nomination. The term of each member is six years, and a third of the members of the House retire after every two years. The upper house of a state assembly, unlike the Upper house of the Parliament, can be abolished by the lower house, if it passes a specific law bill, which states to dissolve the upper house, and gets it attested in both houses of parliament and then signed by the president into law. Only Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh have their upper houses in existence. All other states have abolished the upper house by the above-mentioned method, as the upper house causes unnecessary problems and issues.
Powers[edit]
The most important function of the legislature is law making. The State Legislature has the power to make laws on all items on which Parliament cannot legislate. Some of these items are police, prisons, irrigation, agriculture, local governments, public health, pilgrimages, and burial grounds. Some topics on which both Parliament and states can make laws are education, marriage and divorce, forests, and the protection of wild animals and birds.
As regards money bills, the position is the same. Bills can originate only in the Legislative Assembly. The Legislative Council can either pass the bill within 14 days of the date of the receipt of the Bill or suggest changes in it within 14 days. These changes may or may not be accepted by the Assembly.
The state legislature, besides making laws, has one electoral power, in electing the President of India. Elected members of the Legislative Assembly along with the elected members of Parliament are involved in this process.
Some parts of the Constitution can be amended by Parliament with the approval of half of state legislatures. Thus the state legislatures take part in the process of amendment of the Constitution.
MLA party memberships as of 2 September 2017[edit]
State name
Total
INC
BJP
Leftists
Socialist
NDA
Others
Ind.
Vacant
Andhra Pradesh 175 4 TDP 103 YSRCP 66, Navodayam Party 1 1
Arunachal Pradesh 60 1 47 PPA 9 2 1
Assam 126 25 61 AGP 14, BPF 12 AIUDF 13 1
Bihar 243 27 53 CPI-ML 3 RJD 80 JDU 71, LJP 2, RLSP 2, HAM 1 4
Chhattisgarh 90 39 49 BSP 1 1
Goa 40 16 14 MGP 3, GFP 3 NCP 1 3
Gujarat 182 43 120 JDU 1 NCP 2 1 15
Haryana 90 17 47 INLD 19 SAD 1 BSP 1 5
Himachal Pradesh 68 36 27 5
Jammu & Kashmir 87 12 25 CPM 1 PDP 28, JKPC 2 NC 15, PDF 1 3
Jharkhand 81 7 43 CPI-ML 1, MCC 1 JMM 19, JBSP 1 AJSU 4 JVM(P) 2, BSP 1, JP 1, NSM 1
Karnataka 224 124 44 JDS 40 BSRC 3, KJP 2, KMP 1, SKP 1 9
Kerala 140 22 1 CPM 58, CPI 19, CMP(KSC) 1, RSP(L) 1, C(S) 1, NSC 1, KCB 1 JDS 3 IUML 18, KCM 6, KCJ 1, NCP 2, 5
Madhya Pradesh 230 56 165 BSP 4 3 2
Maharashtra 288 42 122 PWPI 3, CPM 1 SP 1 SS 63, RSP 1 NCP 41, BVA 3, AIMIM 2, BBM 1 7 1
Manipur 60 19 31 NPF 4 NPP 4, LJP 1 1
Meghalaya 60 30 UDP 8, HSPDP 4, NPP 2 NCP 2, NESDP 1 13
Mizoram 40 34 MNF 5 MPC 1
Nagaland 60 4 NPF 46, JDU 1 NCP 1 8
Odisha 147 16 10 CPM 1 BJD 117, SKD 1 2
Punjab 117 77 3 SAD 15 AAP 20, LIP 2
Rajasthan 200 24 161 NPP 4 BSP 2, NUZP 2 7
Sikkim 32 SDF 29 SKM 2 1
Tamil Nadu 234 8 AIADMK 135 DMK 89, IUML 1 1
Telangana 119 13 5 CPM 1 TDP 3 TRS 90, AIMIM 7
Tripura 60 3 6 CPM 50, CPI 1
Uttar Pradesh 403 7 311 SP 47, RLD 1, ADS 9, SBSP 4 BSP 19, NISHAD 1 3 1
Uttarakhand 70 11 57 2
West Bengal 294 42 3 CPM 26, RSP 3, AIFB 2, CPI 1 GJM 3 AITC 211 1 2
Delhi 70 4 AAP 63 3
Puducherry 30 15 AINRC 8, AIADMK 4 DMK 2 1
Total 4120 766 1417 177 329 609 707 92 23
Presiding officers[edit]
Similar to the Presiding officers of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council also have Presiding Officers. The Legislative Assembly has a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker and the Legislative Council has a Chairman and a Deputy Chairman. They are elected from among the members of the House.
See also[edit]
Election Commission of India
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Indian Government Structure at State Level". KKHSOU.
Jump up ^ [1]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(India)&oldid=805594524"
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State legislatures of India
Members of the state Legislative Assemblies of India
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text:
United Nations Commission on Human Rights
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Not to be confused with Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations Human Rights Committee, or United Nations Human Rights Council.
The United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) was a functional commission within the overall framework of the United Nations from 1946 until it was replaced by the United Nations Human Rights Council in 2006. It was a subsidiary body of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), and was also assisted in its work by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNOHCHR). It was the UN's principal mechanism and international forum concerned with the promotion and protection of human rights.
On 15 March 2006, the UN General Assembly voted overwhelmingly to replace UNCHR with the UN Human Rights Council.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Mandate
3 Structure
4 Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights
5 Special procedures
6 Criticism
6.1 Israel
7 Human rights and mental health
8 Genocide
9 See also
10 References
History[edit]
Eleanor Roosevelt at United Nations for Human Rights Commission meeting in Lake Success, New York in 1947
The UNCHR was established in 1946 by ECOSOC, and was one of the first two "Functional Commissions" set up within the early UN structure (the other being the Commission on the Status of Women). It was a body created under the terms of the United Nations Charter (specifically, under Article 68) to which all UN member states are signatories.
It met for the first time in January 1947 and established a drafting committee for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which was adopted by the United Nations on December 10, 1948.
The body went through two distinct phases. From 1947 to 1967, it followed the policy of absenteeism, which meant that the Commission would concentrate on promoting human rights and helping states elaborate treaties, but not on investigating or condemning violators. It was a period of strict observance of the sovereignty principle.
In 1967, the Commission adopted interventionism as its policy. The context of the decade was of decolonization of Africa and Asia, and many countries of the continent pressed for a more active UN policy on human rights issues, especially in light of massive violations in apartheid South Africa. The new policy meant that the Commission would also investigate and produce reports on violations.
To allow better fulfillment of this new policy, other changes took place. In the 1970s, the possibility of geographically-oriented workgroups was created. These groups would specialize their activities on the investigation of violations on a given region or even a single country, as was the case with Chile. With the 1980s came the creation of theme-oriented workgroups, which would specialize in specific types of abuses.
None of these measures, however, were able to make the Commission as effective as desired, mainly because of the presence of human rights violators and the politicization of the body. During the following years until its extinction, the UNCHR became increasingly discredited among activists and governments alike.
The Commission held its final meeting in Geneva on March 27, 2006 and was replaced by the United Nations Human Rights Council in the same year.
Mandate[edit]
The Commission on Human Rights was intended to examine, monitor and publicly report on human rights situations in specific countries or territories (known as country mechanisms or mandates) as well as on major phenomena of human rights violations worldwide (known as thematic mechanisms or mandates).[2] The Human Rights division of the U.N. is also expected to uphold and protect the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Structure[edit]
See also: List of members of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights
At the time it was extinguished, the Commission consisted of representatives drawn from 53 member states, elected by the members of ECOSOC. There were no permanent members; each year (usually in May) approximately a third of the seats of the Commission would come up for election, and the representatives were appointed for a three-year term.
Seats on the Commission were apportioned by region, using the mechanism of the United Nations Regional Groups. During its last year of service in 2005, the representation by region was as follows:
15 from the African Group:
Burkina Faso, Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guinea, Kenya, Mauritania, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Togo, Zimbabwe
12 from the Asian Group:
Bhutan, People's Republic of China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka
5 from the Eastern European Group:
Armenia, Hungary, Romania, Russian Federation, Ukraine
11 from the Latin American and Caribbean Group:
Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru
10 from the Western European and Others Group:
Australia, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, United Kingdom, United States
The Commission would meet each year in regular session for six weeks during March and April in Geneva, Switzerland. In January 2004, Australia was elected as chair of the 60th Session. In January 2005, Indonesia was elected chair of the 61st Session. Peru was elected chair of the 62nd Session in January 2006. The Commission held its final meeting in Geneva on March 27, 2006.
Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights[edit]
In 1999 the Economic and Social Council changed its title from the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities to the Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights".[3]
The Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights was the main subsidiary body of the Commission on Human Rights. It was composed of twenty-six experts whose responsibility was to undertake studies, particularly in light of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and make recommendations to the Commission concerning the prevention of discrimination of any kind relating to human rights and fundamental freedoms and the protection of racial, national, religious and linguistic minorities. Membership was selected with regard to equitable geographical distribution.
The Sub-Commission established seven Working Groups that investigate specific human rights concerns, including:
Minorities
Transnational corporations
Administration of justice
Anti-terrorism
Contemporary Forms of Slavery
Indigenous Populations
Communication
Social Forum
The United Nations Human Rights Council assumed responsibility for the Sub-Commission when it replaced the Commission on Human Rights in 2006.
Special procedures[edit]
The Commission on Human Rights established 30 special procedures, or mechanisms, to address specific country situations or thematic issues such as freedom of expression and opinion, torture, the right to food, and the right to education.[4]
Individuals with expertise in particular areas of human rights were appointed by the chair of the Commission to serve as Special Rapporteurs for a maximum of six years. They are unpaid, independent experts who receive personnel and logistical support from the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for their work. Their main activities are to examine, monitor, advise and publicly report on human rights situations in specific countries or territories. They are able to write to governments about reported violations and conduct fact-finding visits to countries that invite them.[5]
The special mechanisms are categorised according to:
Thematic Mandates.[6]
Country Mandates.[7]
Special procedures also include working groups made up of up to five experts who monitor and investigate specific human rights concerns. Three groups were established by the Commission:
Working Group on Arbitrary Detention
Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances
Working Group on the use of mercenaries as a means of impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination
The special procedures are now under the direction of the United Nations Human Rights Council.
Criticism[edit]
The Commission was repeatedly criticized for the composition of its membership. In particular, several of its member countries themselves had dubious human rights records, including states whose representatives had been elected to chair the commission.[8]
Another criticism was that the Commission did not engage in constructive discussion of human rights issues, but was a forum for politically selective finger-pointing and criticism. The desire of states with problematic human rights records to be elected to the Commission was viewed largely as a way to defend themselves from such attacks.[9][10]
Activist groups had long expressed concern over the memberships of the People's Republic of China, Zimbabwe, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan, and the past memberships of Algeria, Syria, Libya, Uganda and Vietnam on the Commission. These countries had extensive records of human rights violations, and one concern was that by working against resolutions on the commission condemning human rights violations, they indirectly promoted despotism and domestic repression.[8]
On May 4, 2004, United States ambassador Sichan Siv walked out of the Commission following the uncontested election of Sudan to the commission, calling it an "absurdity" in light of Sudan's ethnic cleansing in the Darfur region.[11] One major consequence of the election of Sudan to the Commission was the lack of willingness for some countries to work through the commission. Indeed, on July 30, 2004, it was the United Nations Security Council, not the Commission, that passed a resolution—by 13–0, with China and Pakistan abstaining—threatening Sudan with unspecified sanctions if the situation in the Darfur region did not improve within the following 30 days. The reasons given for the action were the attacks by the Janjaweed Arab militias of Sudan on the non-Arab African Muslim population of Darfur, a region in western Sudan.
The commission had also come under repeated criticism from the United States for its unwillingness to address real human rights concerns. In 2002, the United States was kicked off the commission by the other member states, many of whom have been criticized for their human rights violations, and in 2003 Syria put forward a proposal to discuss US war crimes in Iraq. But journalist Anne Applebaum wrote, "the European Union and the United States aren't exempt from blame, either", citing their hesitance in voting to criticize Russia's actions in Chechnya.[12]
Israel[edit]
The Commission was also criticized by advocates of Israel for bias against Israel.[13] In 2002 Anne Bayefsky, a professor of international law at York University in Toronto, wrote that "commission members seek to avoid directly criticizing states with human rights problems, frequently by focusing on Israel, a state that, according to analysis of summary records, has for over 30 years occupied 15 percent of commission time and has been the subject of a third of country-specific resolutions".[14] On April 15, 2002, the Commission approved a resolution affirming the "legitimate right of the Palestinian people to resist the Israeli occupation in order to free its land and be able to exercise its right of self-determination".[15] In so doing, the Palestinian people was declared "fulfilling its mission, one of the goals and purposes of the United Nations". Of the 53-member commission, 40 countries voted yes, five voted no, and seven abstained. Although widely reported that the resolution condoned resistance to Israel by "all available means, including armed struggle", the resolution itself does not contain those words.[16] Alfred Moses, a former United States ambassador to the commission and now chairman of the monitoring group UN Watch, said that "A vote in favour of this resolution is a vote for Palestinian terrorism."[17] In a letter to the UNHRC on November 15, 2002, following an attack by Palestinians on Israelis in the town of Hebron, Nabil Ramlawi, the permanent observer for Palestine at the U.N., appealed to the resolution as justification for the attack.[18]
Human rights and mental health[edit]
In 1977, the commission formed a "Sub-Commission to study, with a view to formulating guidelines, if possible, the question of the protection of those detained on the grounds of mental ill-health against treatment that might adversely affect the human personality and its physical and intellectual integrity". The sub-commission was charged with "determin[ing] whether adequate grounds existed for detaining persons on the grounds of mental ill-health".
The guidelines that resulted have been criticized for failing to protect the rights of involuntary patients.[19]
Genocide[edit]
The United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) passed a number of resolutions concerning genocide, these were: UNCHR Decision 9 (XXXV).
1986/18; 1987/25; 1988/28; 1989/16; 1990/19; "Fiftieth Anniversary of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide", 1998/10; and "Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide", 1999/67.[20]
Also:
1978 the UNCHR endorsed the recommendation of the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities to distribute widely the Ruhashyankiko Report.[21]
August 1992, the UNCHR "Condemn[ed] absolutely the concept and practice of 'ethnic cleansing [in the former Yugoslavia]' but did not describe it as genocide. The commissions resolution was endorsed the UNCHR parent body the United Nations Economic and Social Council.[20]
November 1992, the UNCHR "Call[ed] upon all States to consider the extent to which the acts committed in Bosnia ... and in Croatia constitute genocide in accordance with [the Genocide Convention]".[20]
1994, at the request of Canada an emergency meeting was convened to deal with the ongoing genocide in Rwanda. René Degni-Sgui was appointed as a Special Rapporteur, and he immediately visited Rwanda where he promptly issued a report on the scope of the genocide.[20]
See also[edit]
United Nations Human Rights Committee
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "UN creates new human rights body". BBC. 15 March 2006.
Jump up ^ "Administrative Committee on Coordination (ACC)" (PDF). Administrative Committee on Coordination (ACC). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Retrieved 2010-04-19
Jump up ^ [1] Archived April 28, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Human Rights Special Procedures: Determinants of Influence" (PDF). Retrieved August 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Thematic Mandates Archived April 28, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Country Mandates Archived March 5, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Shame of the United Nations". New York Times. 2006-02-26. Retrieved 2006-08-15.
Jump up ^ Annan, Kofi (2005). "In Larger Freedom, Report of the Secretary-General of the United Nations for decision by Heads of State and Government in September 2005". The United Nations.
Jump up ^ Crossette, Barbara (December 1, 2008). "A Disappointing Record, Will the new Human Rights Council take its mandate seriously?". America Magazine. Retrieved 2015-09-28.
Jump up ^ Sudan keeps U.N. human rights post - World news - MSNBC.com
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-21. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
Jump up ^ "The Struggle against Anti-Israel Bias at the UN Commission on Human Rights". UN Watch. 4 January 2006. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
Jump up ^ Anne Bayefsky: Ending Bias in the Human Rights System New York Times, May 22, 2002.
Jump up ^ UN Commission on Human Rights, Resolution 2002/8 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 27, 2012. , UN Doc. E/CN.4/RES/2002/8, 15 April 2002.
Jump up ^ See e.g. Question of the Violation of Human Rights in the Occupied Arab Territories, Including Palestine Archived April 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Commission on Human Rights, Fifty-eighth session, Agenda item 8. E/CN.4/2002/L.16. 9 April 2002.
Jump up ^ Steven Edwards: UN Backs Palestinian Violence[permanent dead link] Christian Action for Israel, April 16, 2002.
Jump up ^ Ed Morgan: Slaughterhouse-Six: Updating the Law of War, Part 2 of 2 Archived June 3, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. German Law Journal, Vol. 5 No. 5–1 May 2004.
Jump up ^ University of Wollongong - Faculty of Arts - STS Research Archived October 14, 2004, at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Schabas, William (2000). Genocide in international law: the crimes of crimes, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-78790-4, ISBN 978-0-521-78790-1 pp. 468,469
Jump up ^ Schabas, p.466 footnote 124 citing UNCHR Decision 9 (XXXV).
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Son of a Preacher Man
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the John Rich album, see Son of a Preacher Man (album).
"Son of a Preacher Man"
Single by Dusty Springfield
from the album Dusty in Memphis
B-side
"Just a Little Lovin'"
Released
November 8, 1968
Format
7"
Recorded
American Studios, Memphis, Tennessee: September 1968
Genre
Blue-eyed soul, R&B
Length
2:29
Label
Atlantic (US), Philips (Canada)
Songwriter(s)
John Hurley, Ronnie Wilkins
Producer(s)
Jerry Wexler, Arif Mardin, Jeff Barry, Tom Dowd
Dusty Springfield singles chronology
"Don't Forget About Me"
(1969) "Son of a Preacher Man"
(1968) "Willie & Laura Mae Jones"
(1969)
"Don't Forget About Me"
(1969) “Son of a Preacher Man”
(1969) "Willie & Laura Mae Jones"
(1969)
Dusty in Memphis track listing
"So Much Love"
(2) “Son of a Preacher Man”
(3) "I Don't Want to Hear It Anymore"
(4)
Audio sample
file
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“Son of a Preacher Man” is a song written and composed by John Hurley and Ronnie Wilkins and recorded by British singer Dusty Springfield in September 1968 for the album Dusty in Memphis.
Springfield's version was produced by Jerry Wexler, Tom Dowd and Arif Mardin for her first album for the Atlantic Records label and became an international hit reaching No.10 in the United States and No.9 in her native Great Britain when it was released in late 1968. The album Dusty in Memphis was released in stereo, though its singles were remixed and released in mono. "Son of a Preacher Man" was to be the last Top Ten chart hit for Springfield for almost 20 years, till she teamed up with Pet Shop Boys for the single "What Have I Done to Deserve This?" in 1987.
Contents
[hide]
1 Origins
2 Legacy
3 Other recorded versions
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Origins[edit]
In 1967, while working at Muscle Shoals, Alabama, songwriters John Hurley and Ronnie Wilkins, who had recently had a hit with "Love of the Common People," were asked by Jerry Wexler to write a song for Aretha Franklin. Remembering the fact that Franklin's father was a preacher, as Wilkins's grandfather had been, Hurley and Wilkins quickly came up with the song "Son of a Preacher Man." Wexler liked the song and recorded it with Aretha Franklin, but then decided that it did not fit with her other songs and passed the song on to Dusty Springfield for her album Dusty in Memphis.[1]
The song was recorded by Franklin's older sister Erma, who included it on her 1969 Brunswick album Soul Sister. Not till after hearing Springfield's version did Franklin reconsider; when she did release the song herself, including it on her 1970 album, This Girl's in Love with You, her version charted only as a less popular a-side of the b-side hit single "Call Me."
Legacy[edit]
The writers of Rolling Stone magazine placed Dusty Springfield's recording at No.77 among The 100 Best Singles of the Last 25 Years in 1987. The record was placed at No.43 of the Greatest Singles of All Time by the writers of New Musical Express in 2002. In 2004, the song made the Rolling Stone list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time[2] at No.240.
In 1994, the song was featured in a scene of the film Pulp Fiction. The film's soundtrack reached No. 21 on the Billboard 200 and went platinum (100,000 units) in Canada alone.[3] "Son of a Preacher Man" helped to sell over two million units of the album[4] and to help it reach number six on the charts according to SoundScan.[5] Quentin Tarantino has been quoted, on the "Collectors Edition" DVD of Pulp Fiction, as saying that he probably would not have filmed the scene in which the song is featured had he not been able to use it.
The song is also featured in the film Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room, during scenes depicting Kenneth Lay, ex-Enron CEO and son of a Baptist minister, and on an episode of Hindsight. In the 2008 television episode of the American series The Office titled "Baby Shower," [Jan Levinson]], played by Melora Hardin, is filmed singing "Son of a Preacher Man" as a lullaby to her newborn daughter Astrid.[6] Later in the same episode, Jim Halpert (John Krasinski) describes the bizarre scene to his fiancee, Pam Beesley(Jenna Fischer), noting that the song is about "losing your virginity next to a church."
Samples from "Son of a Preacher Man" were used on Cypress Hill's "Hits from the Bong" on their album Black Sunday.
Melissa Manchester has paid tribute to Dusty Springfield by performing the song live in recent years.[citation needed]
The song is also featured in the 2016 video game Mafia III. [7]
Other recorded versions[edit]
Eva Cassidy released her version on her 1996 album Live at Blues Alley.
Nancy Sinatra released her version on her 1969 album Nancy.
Country singer Peggy Little released a cover version in 1969 that peaked at #40 on the Billboard country charts.
Sylvia Vrethammar had a 1969 single release of "Son of a Preacher Man" rendered in Swedish as "En lärling på våran gård"[8] which entered the Svensktoppen.[9] In 2012, Pugh Rogefeldt recorded a variation of this version entitled "Fröken i våran klass" for the TV Show Så mycket bättre.
French singer Nicoletta recorded a French rendering entitled "Le Grand Amour" for her 1969 EP Quand On A Que L'Amour.
A German version entitled "Der Junge von Nebenan" was recorded by German singer Katja Ebstein for her second album Mein Leben ist wie ein Lied in 1970.
American R&B/soul trio Honey Cone recorded the song for their 1970 debut album Take Me with You.
Other early versions of the song appeared on albums by Skeeter Davis, Erma Franklin, Bobbie Gentry, Jan Howard, Ketty Lester, Liza Minnelli, Irene Reid, Mavis Staples, Tina Turner, Nancy Wilson, and Judy Mowatt & The Gaylettes. Also Czech vocalist Věra Špinarová (cs) had a 1969 single release with a cover of the original English-language version. Tanya Tucker recorded a version in 1975 on her album Tanya Tucker.
Canadian country music band Farmer's Daughter took an upbeat version of the song to #35 on the RPM Country Tracks charts in 1995.[10]
A live version by Joan Osborne appears on her 1996 album Early Recordings.
Cam Clarke recorded the song in 1999, giving it a gay interpretation.[citation needed]
Australian-born country singer Sherrié Austin also released a version that reached #46 on the U.S. Billboard country charts in 2004.[11]
There is a version in Swiss German called "där Sohn vom Pfarrär" recorded in 1994 by Sina from Switzerland.
The song has also been recorded by Katey Sagal for an episode of the television show Sons of Anarchy.
Hank Marvin included the song on his 2000 album Marvin at the Movies.
The song has also been recorded by Hanne Boel (album Black Wolf/ 1988), Phoebe Cates (album Paradise/ 1982), Sarah Connor (album Soulicious / 2007), Barbara Dex (album Strong/ 1998), Jessica Simpson (performed on the Early Show), Joss Stone, and Jackie Thomas (album Jackie Thomas/ 2013).
The Finnish rendering "Salapoliisin Tytär " was recorded by Jouko Ja Kosti (fi) for their 1971 self-titled album.
Canadian singer Jann Arden recorded the song on her 2007 album Uncover Me.
Liza Minnelli performed the song as part of her 1972 filmed concert Liza with a Z.
Hollie Cavanagh performed and recorded a version of the song on Season 11 of American Idol in 2012. She received general praise for her rendition and progressed to the Top 6.
Dolly Parton recorded the song in 1996 during sessions for her Treasures album, though the song was ultimately not included on the final album, and remained unreleased. Parton has performed the song live a few times on television shows, and included it in her set list during her 2011 Better Day World Tour
Tom Goss made a gay-themed version of the song in 2015 telling the story of two young, gay teens struggling to understand their sexuality and feelings for one another while operating within the confines of an evangelical church.[12]
See also[edit]
Preacher's kid
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "I Hate Country Music, But Not Country Songs - The Nashville work of Hurley, Putman & Wilkins", Soul-source.co.uk. Retrieved 14 August 2017
Jump up ^ "The RS 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". RollingStone.com. Retrieved 2008-11-05.
Jump up ^ Billboard; 1/28/95, Vol. 107 Issue 4, p62, 1/2p
Jump up ^ Billboard, 00062510, 4/20/96, Vol. 108, Issue 16
Jump up ^ Christian Science Monitor, 08827729, 9/8/97, Vol. 89, Issue 198
Jump up ^ The Office [1], Season 5 Episode 3, aired Thursday, October 16. 2008
Jump up ^ Makuch, Eddie. "Mafia 3's Excellent Soundtrack Revealed, Contains These 100-Plus Songs". Gamespot. Gamespot. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Svensk mediedatabas". Retrieved 11 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "Svensktoppen". 1969. Retrieved 11 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "RPM Country Tracks". RPM. 10 April 1995. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2008). Hot Country Songs 1944 to 2008. Record Research, Inc. p. 36. ISBN 0-89820-177-2.
Jump up ^ Nichols, James Michael (14 March 2016). "'Son Of A Preacher Man' Gets Reimagined As Heartbreaking Gay Romance - A powerful, somber take on the Dusty Springfield classic". Huffington Post, Queer Voices. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
External links[edit]
Son of a Preacher Man at allmusic.com
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[show]
v
t
e
Farmer's Daughter
Studio albums
Girls Will Be Girls
Makin' Hay
This Is the Life
Compilation albums
The Best of Farmer's Daughter
Notable singles
"Son of a Preacher Man"
"Cornfields or Cadillacs"
"Now That I'm On My Own"
"You Said"
"Blue Horizon"
"Let It Ride"
"Walkin' in the Sunshine"
[show]
v
t
e
Sherrié Austin
Studio albums
Words (1997)
Love in the Real World (1999)
Followin' a Feelin' (2001)
Streets of Heaven (2003)
Circus Girl (2011)
Singles
"Streets of Heaven"
[show]
v
t
e
Deni Hines
Studio albums
Imagination (1996)
Water for Chocolate (2006)
The Other Woman (2007)
The Soul Sessions (2014)
Remix and compilation albums
Remix Your Imagination (1997)
A Delicious Collection/The Definitive Collection (2002)/(2004)
Singles
"It's Alright"
"Imagination"
"I Like the Way"
"I'm Not in Love"
"Pull Up to the Bumper"
"Son of a Preacher Man"
"I Only Have Eyes for You"
"Takin' It to the Streets"
"Love Is in Control (Finger on the Trigger)"
Featured singles
"Ain't No Sunshine"
"That Word (L.O.V.E.)"
"It's Not Over
"Stomp!"
Related articles
Rockmelons
Marcia Hines
Kirk Pengilly
Ben Steel
Mushroom Records
Mao's Last Dancer (film)
"Not Enough Time" (INXS song)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Son_of_a_Preacher_Man&oldid=820916594"
Categories:
1968 singles
Skeeter Davis songs
Aretha Franklin songs
Liza Minnelli songs
Dusty Springfield songs
Farmer's Daughter songs
Sherrié Austin songs
Song recordings produced by Arif Mardin
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Song recordings produced by Tom Dowd
Atlantic Records singles
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