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Patricia Cornwell
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Patricia Cornwell
Born
Patricia Carroll Daniels
(1956-06-09) June 9, 1956 (age 61)
Miami, Florida, United States
Occupation
Novelist
Nationality
American
Period
1990–present
Genre
Crime fiction
Spouse
Charles Cornwell (1980–1989)
Staci Gruber (2006–present)
Website
www.patriciacornwell.com
Patricia Cornwell (born Patricia Carroll Daniels; June 9, 1956) is a contemporary American crime writer. She is known for writing a best-selling series of novels featuring the heroine Dr. Kay Scarpetta, a medical examiner. Her books have sold more than 100 million copies.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 Scarpetta series
2.2 Andy Brazil/Judy Hammer series
2.3 Jack the Ripper
2.4 TV appearance
3 Legal issues
3.1 Leslie Sachs case
3.2 Anchin, Block & Anchin
4 Personal life
4.1 Relationships
4.2 Health problems
4.3 Political views
4.4 Charity
5 Bibliography
5.1 Fiction series
5.2 Non-fiction
5.3 Omnibus
6 Awards
7 References
8 External links
Early life[edit]
A descendant of abolitionist and writer Harriet Beecher Stowe,[1] Cornwell was born on June 9, 1956 in Miami, Florida, second of three children, to Marilyn (née Zenner) and Sam Daniels. Her father was one of the leading appellate lawyers in the United States and served as a law clerk to Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black. Cornwell later traced her own motivations in life to the emotional abuse she says she suffered from her father, who walked out on the family on Christmas Day 1961. She has said, "He was on his deathbed. We knew it was the last time we were seeing each other; he grabbed my brother's hand and mouthed 'I love you,' but he never touched me. All he did was write on a legal pad 'How's work?'"[2]
In 1961, Marilyn left with three children in tow and moved to Montreat, North Carolina. Ruth Bell Graham, wife of the evangelist Billy Graham took the wayward family in and arranged for Cornwell and her brothers, Jim and John, to be raised by Lenore and Manfred Saunders, who had recently returned from Africa. Marilyn Daniels, suffering from severe depression, was hospitalized. Cornwell turned to Ruth Bell Graham as an authority figure, and it was she who noticed that Cornwell's talent lay in writing and encouraged her literary efforts. A bright student, a capable cartoonist, and a talented athlete on the tennis court, Cornwell attended King College in Bristol, Tennessee briefly before transferring to Davidson College on a tennis scholarship (which she later rejected), from where she graduated in 1979 with a B.A. in English.
Career[edit]
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In 1979, Cornwell began working as a reporter for The Charlotte Observer, initially editing TV listings, then moving to features, and finally becoming a reporter covering crime. In 1980, she received the North Carolina Press Association's Investigative Reporting Award for a series on prostitution. She continued at the newspaper until 1981, when she moved to Richmond, Virginia with her first husband, Charles Cornwell (married in 1980), who enrolled at the Union Theological Seminary. The same year she began working on the biography of Ruth Bell Graham, A Time for Remembering: The Ruth Bell Graham Story (renamed Ruth, A Portrait: The Story of Ruth Bell Graham in subsequent editions), which was published in 1983. The biography gained a Gold Medallion Book Award from the Evangelic Christian Publishers Association in 1985. It also, however, was a major blow to her friendship with Graham- they weren't on speaking terms for 8 years following the book's publication.
Cornwell began work on her first novel in 1984, about a male detective named Joe Constable and met Dr. Marcella Farinelli Fierro, a medical examiner in Richmond, and subsequent inspiration for the character of Dr. Kay Scarpetta. In 1985, she took a job at the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of Virginia. She worked there for six years, first as a technical writer and then as a computer analyst. She also volunteered to work with the Richmond Police Department. Cornwell wrote three novels that she says were rejected before the publication, in 1990, of the first installment of her Scarpetta series, Postmortem, based on real-life stranglings in Richmond in the summer of 1987. The novel won her various awards including the British John Creasey Award, the French Prix du Roman d'Adventure and the American Edgar Award.
Scarpetta series[edit]
Main article: Kay Scarpetta
The Scarpetta novels include a great deal of detail on forensic science. The initial resolution to the mystery is found in the forensic investigation of the murder victim's corpse, although Scarpetta does considerably more field investigation and confrontation with suspects than real-life medical examiners. The novels generally climax with action scenes in which Scarpetta and her associates confront, or are confronted by, the killer or killers, usually concluding with the death of the killer. The novels are considered to have influenced the development of popular TV series on forensics, both fictional, such as CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, and documentaries, such as Cold Case Files.[citation needed]
Other significant themes in the Scarpetta novels include health, individual safety and security, food, family, and the emerging sexual self-discovery of Scarpetta's niece. Often, conflicts and secret manipulations by Scarpetta's colleagues and staff are involved in the storyline and make the murder cases more complex. Although scenes from the novels take place in a variety of locations around the United States and (less commonly) internationally, they center around the city of Richmond, Virginia.
There are two remarkable style shifts in the Scarpetta novels. Starting from The Last Precinct (2000), the style changes from past tense to present tense. Starting from Blow Fly (2003), the style changes from a first person to a third person, omniscient, narrator. Events are even narrated from the viewpoint of the murderers. Before Blow Fly the events are seen through Scarpetta's eyes only, and other points of view only appear in letters that Scarpetta reads.
Cornwell shifted back to a first-person perspective in the Scarpetta novel Port Mortuary (2010).
Andy Brazil/Judy Hammer series[edit]
In addition to the Scarpetta novels, Cornwell has written three pseudo-police fictions, known as the Trooper Andy Brazil/Superintendent Judy Hammer series, which are set in North Carolina, Virginia, and off the mid-Atlantic coast. Besides the older-woman/younger-man premise, the books include discomforting themes of scatology and sepsis.
Jack the Ripper[edit]
Cornwell has been involved in a continuing, self-financed search for evidence to support her theory that painter Walter Sickert was Jack the Ripper. She wrote Portrait of a Killer: Jack the Ripper—Case Closed, which was published in 2002 to much controversy, especially within the British art world and among Ripperologists.[3][4][5] Cornwell denied being obsessed with Jack the Ripper in full-page ads in two British newspapers and has said the case was "far from closed".[6][7] In 2001, Cornwell was criticized for allegedly destroying one of Sickert's paintings in pursuit of the Ripper's identity.[8] She believed the well-known painter to be responsible for the string of murders and had purchased over thirty of his paintings and argued that they closely resembled the Ripper crime scenes.[8] Cornwell also claimed a breakthrough: a letter written by someone purporting to be the killer, had the same watermark as some of Sickert's writing paper.[8] Ripper experts noted, however, that there were hundreds of letters from different authors falsely claiming to be the killer, and the watermark in question was on a brand of stationery that was widely available.[4]
TV appearance[edit]
She made a brief appearance on the police procedural drama Criminal Minds in the episode "True Genius" as herself.
Legal issues[edit]
Leslie Sachs case[edit]
Leslie Sachs, author of The Virginia Ghost Murders (1998), claimed there were similarities between his novel and Cornwell's The Last Precinct. In 2000, he sent letters to Cornwell's publisher, started a web page, and placed stickers on copies of his novel alleging that Cornwell was committing plagiarism. The U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia granted Cornwell a preliminary injunction against Sachs, opining that his claims were likely to be found baseless.[9]
In 2007, during her libel suit against Sachs, Cornwell testified that Sachs had accused her in online postings of being a "Jew hater" and "neo-Nazi" who bribed judges, conspired to have him killed, and was under investigation by U.S. authorities.[10][11] The court permanently enjoined Sachs from making defamatory accusations against Cornwell and awarded Cornwell $37,780 in damages to cover the costs of defending herself against Sachs' internet attacks.[12]
Anchin, Block & Anchin[edit]
In 2004, Cornwell assigned management of her financial matters to New York-based Anchin, Block & Anchin, managed by principal Evan Snapper. Agreeing to pay the firm a base rate of $40,000/month,[13] her lawyer later claimed that Cornwell had hired Snapper to insulate herself from her money due to her ongoing mental health issues, and that Snapper knew this and took advantage of her over her four-and-a-half-year relationship with the company.[13]
Cornwell fired the firm after discovering in July 2009 that the net worth of her and her company, Cornwell Entertainment Inc., despite having above $10 million in earnings per year during the previous four years, was a little under $13 million, the equivalent of only one year's net income. After Cornwell filed the lawsuit, Snapper pleaded guilty to violating campaign finance regulations. The court case opened in January 2013, with Cornwell suing the firm for a combined sum of $100M.[13][14] On February 19, a Boston jury awarded Cornwell US$50.9 million (£33.4 million).[15]
Personal life[edit]
Relationships[edit]
On June 14, 1980, shortly after graduating from Davidson College in North Carolina, she married one of her English professors, Charles L. Cornwell, who was 17 years her senior.[16] Professor Cornwell later left his tenured professorship to become a preacher. In 1989, the couple separated, with Patricia retaining her married name after the divorce.
From 1991 to 1992, Cornwell was involved in an affair with Margo Bennett, a married FBI agent, after meeting her at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia, where Cornwell was doing research for her Scarpetta novels.[17] In 1996, the affair came to light after Margo Bennett's estranged husband, FBI agent Gene Bennett, was arrested for, and later convicted of, the attempted murder of his wife and the abduction of Margo's church pastor.[17]
In 2006, Cornwell married Staci Ann Gruber, an associate professor of psychiatry at Harvard University.[18] However, she did not disclose news of her marriage until 2007.[19] Cornwell later stated that turning 50 had made her see the importance of speaking out for equal rights and spoke of how Billie Jean King had helped her come to terms with talking about her sexuality publicly.[20] She lives with Gruber in Massachusetts.[21][22]
Since childhood, Cornwell has been friends with the family of evangelist Billy Graham and his wife Ruth Bell, often serving as the family's unofficial spokesperson to the media.[23] She also wrote an authorized biography of Ruth Bell Graham. Cornwell was previously a personal friend of former President George H. W. Bush, whom she referred to as "Big George", spending a number of weeks at the family's summer retreat in Kennebunkport, Maine.
Health problems[edit]
Cornwell has in the past suffered from anorexia nervosa and depression, which began in her late teens.[2][24] She spoke openly about her struggle with bipolar disorder,[24] but in 2015 said that she was misdiagnosed.[25]
On January 10, 1993, Cornwell crashed her Mercedes-Benz while under the influence of alcohol. She was convicted of drunk driving and sentenced to 28 days in a treatment center.[26]
Political views[edit]
Since 1998, Cornwell has donated at least $130,000 to the Republican Party, and has made additional individual contributions to Republican U.S. Senate candidates, including George Allen, John Warner, and Orrin Hatch.[27] She has occasionally supported specific Democratic candidates as well, including Hillary Clinton, Nicola Tsongas, Charles Robb, and Mark Warner.[27]
Cornwell has spoken negatively of the presidency of George W. Bush, saying, "I was supportive of young George W. Bush because I liked his family. I thought he was going to be another Big George. Boy, was I ever wrong. It's not a democracy so much as a theocracy, and those are not the principles this country was founded on."[28]
Charity[edit]
Cornwell has made several notable charitable donations, including funding the Virginia Institute for Forensic Science and Medicine, funding scholarships to the University of Tennessee's National Forensics Academy and Davidson College's Creative Writing Program (the result of which is the Patricia Cornwell Creative Writing Scholarship, awarded to one or two incoming freshmen), and donating her collection of Walter Sickert paintings to Harvard University. As a member of the Harvard-affiliated McLean Hospital's National Council, she is an advocate for psychiatric research. She has also made million-dollar donations to the John Jay College of Criminal Justice for the Crime Scene Academy and to the Harvard Art Museum. She donated funds to the Richmond City Police Dept. and neighboring Henrico County Police Dept. to purchase bullet-proof vests for the police dogs. Cornwell is also a major contributor at the Five Star level to the Veterans Village of San Diego, with lifetime giving of more than $250,000.
Bibliography[edit]
Fiction series[edit]
Kay Scarpetta series:
Postmortem (1990)
Body of Evidence (1991)
All That Remains (1992)
Cruel and Unusual (1993)
The Body Farm (1994)
From Potter's Field (1995)
Cause of Death (1996)
Unnatural Exposure (1997)
Point of Origin (1998)
Scarpetta's Winter Table (1998)
Black Notice (1999)
The Last Precinct (2000)
Blow Fly (2003)
Trace (2004)
Predator (2005)
Book of the Dead (2007)
Scarpetta (2008)
The Scarpetta Factor (2009)
Port Mortuary (2010)
Red Mist (2011)
The Bone Bed (2012)
Dust (2013)
Flesh and Blood (2014)
Depraved Heart (2015)
Chaos (2016)
Andy Brazil / Judy Hammer series:
Hornet's Nest (1996)
Southern Cross (1999)
Isle of Dogs (2001)
At Risk / Win Garano series:
At Risk (2006)
The Front (2008)
Children's books:
Life's Little Fable (1999)
Non-fiction[edit]
A Time for Remembering: The Ruth Graham Bell Story (1983) [Reprinted as An Uncommon Friend: The Authorized Biography of Ruth Graham Bell (1996) and Ruth, A Portrait: The Story of Ruth Bell Graham (1997)] Biography of Ruth Bell Graham
Food to Die For: Secrets from Kay Scarpetta's Kitchen (2002)
Portrait of a Killer: Jack the Ripper—Case Closed (2002)
Ripper: The Secret Life of Walter Sickert (2017)
Omnibus[edit]
The First Scarpetta Collection. Postmortem and Body of Evidence (1995)
A Scarpetta Omnibus: Postmortem, Body of Evidence, All that Remains (2000)
A Second Scarpetta Omnibus: Cruel and Unusual, The Body Farm, From Potter's Field (2000)
A Third Scarpetta Omnibus: Cause of Death, Unnatural Exposure & Point of Origin (2002)
The Scarpetta Collection Volume 1: Postmortem and Body of Evidence (2003)
The Scarpetta Collection Volume 2: All that Remains and Cruel and Unusual (2003)
Awards[edit]
ECPA Gold Medallion Book Award in the Biography/Autobiography category for A Time For Remembering (1985)[29]
Edgar Award,[30] John Creasey Memorial Award, Anthony Award,[31] and Macavity Award;[32] for Postmortem (1991) (Cornwell is the only author to receive these awards in a single year)[citation needed]
Prix du Roman d'Adventures for Postmortem (1992)
Gold Dagger for Cruel and Unusual (1993)[33]
Sherlock Award for Best Detective for the character Kay Scarpetta (1999)[34]
British Book Awards' Crime Thriller of the Year for Book of the Dead (2008) (Cornwell is the first American author to receive this award.)
RBA International Prize for Crime Writing 2011 for Red Mist, the world's most lucrative crime fiction prize at €125,000.[35]
References[edit]
Beahm, George (2002). The Unofficial Patricia Cornwell Companion. New York: St. Martin's Minotaur. pp. 3–16. ISBN 0-312-30732-2.
Jump up ^ Patricia Cornwell Biography and Notes (1956-06-09). "Patricia Cornwell Biography and List of Works - Patricia Cornwell Books". Biblio.com. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
^ Jump up to: a b Watson, Roland. "Unknown". The Times. London. Retrieved 2010-05-21. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ "November Article: Portrait of the Artist as a Serial Killer". Artcyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
^ Jump up to: a b "Jack the Ripper - The Art of Murder". Casebook. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
Jump up ^ "Jack the Ripper - Patricia Cornwell and Walter Sickert: A Primer". Casebook. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
Jump up ^ "The Grand Old Ripper". The Guardian. London. 2005-08-25. Retrieved 2010-05-21.
Jump up ^ "Author denies 'Ripper' obsession". BBC News. 2005-08-27. Retrieved 2010-05-21.
^ Jump up to: a b c Gibbons, Fiachra (8 December 2001). "Does this painting by Walter Sickert reveal the identity of Jack the Ripper? Author rips up canvas in attempt to prove artist was killer". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 20 October 2009.
Jump up ^ Cyberlaw update - Chapter 10: Privacy Rights and Security Issues Pearson Higher Education
Jump up ^ Dan Glaister, Crime writer Patricia Cornwell takes 'cyberstalker' to court, The Guardian, May 24, 2007.
Jump up ^ David Mehegan, Crime novelist tries to ward off Internet attacker, Boston Globe, June 7, 2007.
Jump up ^ Matthew Heller, Defaulted Defamer Ordered to Pay Crime Author $35K, Courthouse News Service, December 24, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b c Milton J. Valencia (9 January 2012). "Mystery novelist accuses her manager of betrayal". Boston Globe. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Crime novelist Patricia Cornwell sues finance firm". BBC News. 14 January 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Hughes, Mark (February 20, 2013). "Crime writer Patricia Cornwell wins $51m lawsuit against accountants". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Mecklenburg County Register of Deeds Web Access". manatron.com. Retrieved June 20, 2015. [permanent dead link]
^ Jump up to: a b Brennan, Zoe (2015). "How Patricia Cornwell's lesbian affair with FBI agent ended in savage revenge". Daily Mail Online. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kidd, James (6 December 2008). ""I created a monster": Interview with Patricia Cornwell". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Patricia Cornwell: 'Finally, I feel rooted somewhere'". The Daily Telegraph. London. 2007-11-26. Retrieved 2010-05-21.
Jump up ^ Advocate.com Editors (20 October 2009). "Interview with The Advocate October 20, 2009". Advocate.com. Retrieved 17 March 2014. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ "Crime pays quite well for Patricia Cornwell" USA Today 3 December 2008
Jump up ^ "Patricia Cornwell: 'Finally, I feel rooted somewhere'" November 26, 2007
Jump up ^ Stepp, Laura Sessions (December 13, 2006). "A Family at Cross-Purposes: Billy Graham's Sons Argue Over a Final Resting Place". Washington Post.
^ Jump up to: a b Nigel Farndale (16 November 2009). "Killer Queen: Patricia Cornwell Interview". Telegraph. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
Jump up ^ Cornwell, Patricia (24 January 2015). "Facebook". Retrieved 24 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Fabrikant, Geraldine (1997-03-23). "New Chapter for a Serial Spender". The New York Times.
^ Jump up to: a b "NEWSMEAT ▷ Patricia Cornwell's Federal Campaign Contribution Report". Newsmeat.com. Archived from the original on 2012-01-28. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
Jump up ^ Kidd, James (2008-12-07). "I created a monster". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2010-05-21.
Jump up ^ 1985 Gold Medallion Book Awards Winners, Evangelical Christian Publishers Association
Jump up ^ "Best First Mystery Novel by an American Author Edgar Award Winners and Nominees - Complete Lists". Mysterynet.com. Archived from the original on 2012-04-14. Retrieved 2012-03-23.
Jump up ^ "Bouchercon World Mystery Convention : Anthony Awards Nominees". Bouchercon.info. 2003-10-02. Retrieved 2012-03-23.
Jump up ^ "Mystery Readers International's Macavity Awards". Mysteryreaders.org. Retrieved 2012-03-23.
Jump up ^ "THE CWA Dagger Awards Overview". Thecwa.co.uk. 2011-08-23. Archived from the original on July 23, 2012. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
Jump up ^ Cornwell, Patricia (2006-01-08). "At Risk". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-05-21.
Jump up ^ The RBA International Thriller Prize Archived 2012-03-10 at the Wayback Machine., RBA page; retrieved 2011-09-10
External links[edit]
Library resources
By Patricia Cornwell
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Official website
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Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 36976332
LCCN: n82218798
ISNI: 0000 0001 2128 1954
GND: 124106684
SELIBR: 220259
SUDOC: 031452183
BNF: cb12266506x (data)
BIBSYS: 90765449
MusicBrainz: 6ab0318a-0ed6-4c4e-9891-7b7851b92fc4
NLA: 36217489
NDL: 00464938
NKC: jn20000810170
ICCU: IT\ICCU\RAVV\071004
BNE: XX1727174
SNAC: w66h5ggt
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Cornwell&oldid=814215041"
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text:
Financial management
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Financial management refers to the efficient and effective management of money (funds) in such a manner as to accomplish the objectives of the organization. It is the specialized function directly associated with the top management. The significance of this function is not seen in the 'Line' but also in the capacity of the 'Staff' in overall of a company. It has been defined differently by different experts in the field.
The term typically applies to an organization or company's financial strategy, while personal finance or financial life management refers to an individual's management strategy. It includes how to raise the capital and how to allocate capital, i.e. capital budgeting. Not only for long term budgeting, but also how to allocate the short term resources like current liabilities. It also deals with the dividend policies of the share holders.
Contents
[hide]
1 Definitions of Financial Management
2 Objectives of Financial Management
3 Scope of Financial Management
4 Financial Management for Start Up
5 See also
6 References
Definitions of Financial Management[edit]
"Planning is an inextricable dimension of financial management. The term financial management can notes that funds flows are directed according to some plan." By James Van Horne
"Financial management is that activity of management which is concerned with the planning, procuring and controlling of the firm's financial resources. " By Deepika &Maya Rani
“Financial Management is the Operational Activity of a business that is responsible for obtaining and effectively utilizing the funds necessary for efficient operation.” By Joseph Massie
“Business finance deals primarily with rising administering and disbursing funds by privately owned business units operating in non-financial fields of industry.”– By Kuldeep Roy
“Financial Management is an area of financial decision making, harmonizing individual motives and enterprise goals." -By Weston and Brigham
“Financial management is the area of business management devoted to a judicious use of capital and a careful selection of sources of capital in order to enable a business firm to move in the direction of reaching its goals.” – by J.F.Bradlery
“Financial management is the application of the planning and control function to the finance function.” – by K.D. Willson
“Financial management may be defined as that area or set of administrative function in an organization which relate with arrangement of cash and credit so that organization may have the means to carry out its objective as satisfactorily as possible." - by Howard & Opton.[1]
Business finance can be broadly defined as the activity concerned with planning, raising, controlling and administering of funds and in the business. “ by H.G Gathman & H.E Dougall
Financial management is a body of business concerned with the efficient and effective use of either equity capital, borrowed cash or any other business funds as well as taking the right decision for profit maximization and value addition of an entity.- Kepher Petra; Kisii University.
"Financial management refers to the proper and efficient use of money and it plays a significant role in analyzing to invest in profitable business enterprise. Return on Investment must be greater than the invested amount."
"Financial management refers to the effective and efficient management of money and it is also process of planning, controlling, leading, directing of a firm's financial resources."
Objectives of Financial Management[edit]
Profit maximization happens when marginal cost is equal to marginal revenue. This is the main objective of Financial Management.
Wealth maximization means maximization of shareholders' wealth. It is an advanced goal compared to profit maximization.[2]
Survival of company is an important consideration when the financial manager makes any financial decisions. One incorrect decision may lead company to be bankrupt.
Maintaining proper cash flow is a short run objective of financial management. It is necessary for operations to pay the day-to-day expenses e.g. raw material, electricity bills, wages, rent etc. A good cash flow ensures the survival of company.
Minimization on capital cost in financial management can help operations gain more profit.
It is vague :- There are several types of profits before interest, depreciation and taxes, profit before taxes, profit after taxes, cash profit etc
Scope of Financial Management[edit]
Estimating the Requirement of Funds: Businesses make forecast on funds needed in both short run and long run, hence, they can improve the efficiency of funding. The estimation is based on the budget e.g. sales budget, production budget.
Determining the Capital Structure: Capital structure is how a firm finances its overall operations and growth by using different sources of funds.[3] Once the requirement of funds has estimated, the financial manager should decide the mix of debt and equity and also types of debt.
Investment Fund: A good investment plan can bring businesses huge returns.
Financial Management for Start Up[edit]
For new enterprises, it is important to make a good estimation on costs, sales.[4] Consideration on appropriate length sources of finances can help businesses avoid the cash flow problems even the failure of setting up. There are fixed and current sides of assets balance sheet. Fixed assets refers to assets that cannot be converted into cash easily, like plant, property, equipment etc.[5] A current asset is an item on an entity's balance sheet that is either cash, a cash equivalent, or which can be converted into cash within one year.[6] It is not easy for start ups to forecast the current asset, because there are changes in receivables and payables.[7]
See also[edit]
Managerial finance, a branch of finance concerned with the managerial significance of financial techniques.
Corporate finance, a branch of finance concerned with monetary resource allocations made by corporations
Financial management for IT services, financial management of IT assets and resources
Financial Planning Association, an organization for finance and economics students and professionals
Financial Management Service, a bureau of the U.S. Treasury which provides financial services for the government[8]
Financial planner
Finance
References[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Financial management
Jump up ^ "Business Finance and Financial Management". UpFina. Retrieved 2015-11-04.
Jump up ^ "Wealth Maximization". eFinanceManagement. Retrieved 2015-11-04.
Jump up ^ "Capital Structure Definition | Investopedia". Investopedia. Retrieved 2015-11-04.
Jump up ^ Nobanee, Haitham; Abraham, Jaya (2015). "Current assets management of small enterprises". Journal of Economic Studie.
Jump up ^ "What are fixed assets? | The e-conomic Accounting Glossary". www.e-conomic.co.uk. Retrieved 2015-11-04.
Jump up ^ "Current Asset Definition - AccountingTools". www.accountingtools.com. Retrieved 2015-11-04.
Jump up ^ "The Top 4 Cash Flow Forecasting Mistakes". Entrepreneur. Retrieved 2015-11-04.
Jump up ^ faustin.G. karamage
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text:
List of massacres in Great Britain
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This list has no precise inclusion criteria as described in the Manual of Style for standalone lists. Please improve this article by adding inclusion criteria. (Discuss) (August 2015)
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
This is a list of incidents that happened in Great Britain and commonly called massacres.
This list does not include massacres on the island of Ireland from times when there was United Kingdom jurisdiction on that island. For those massacres, see List of massacres in Ireland.
List[edit]
Date
Name
Location
Deaths
Injuries
Notes
61 AD Menai Massacre Anglesey, North Wales unknown Roman suppression of Druid religion
60 or 61 AD Boudica's attacks on the Romans Camulodunum (modern-day Colchester), Londinium and Verulamium (modern-day St Albans) 70,000–80,000 (Mostly Britons) Forces led by Boudica, Queen of the British Iceni tribe, massacred both Romans and Britons in Camulodunum, Londinium and Verulamium. Her forces were later defeated by the Romans at the Battle of Watling Street.[1]
686 Caedwalla's attack on Wihtwara Isle of Wight All but one According to Bede, King Caedwalla of Wessex "endeavoured to destroy all the inhabitants" of the island for reverting to paganism.
13 November 1002 St. Brice's Day massacre Throughout the Kingdom of England Unknown The St. Brice's Day massacre was the mass killing of Danes in the Kingdom of England on orders of King Æthelred the Unready.[2]
1069–1070 Harrying of the North The North of England between the Humber and the Tees 100,000 William the Conqueror's men burnt whole villages and slaughtered the inhabitants. Foodstores and livestock were destroyed so that anyone surviving the initial massacre would starve over the winter.[3][4]
16 March 1190 Massacre of the Jews at York[5] York, England 0150 !150 'A wave of anti-Semitic riots culminated in the massacre of an estimated 150 Jews – the entire Jewish community of York – who had taken refuge in the royal castle where Clifford’s Tower now stands. The chronicler William of Newburgh described the rioters in York as acting “without any scruple of Christian conscientiousness” in wiping out the Jewish community'.[6][7]
30 March 1296 Massacre of Berwick Berwick-upon-Tweed, Scotland (at the time) 7,500–16,000 unknown English troops massacred the civilian and military population, including women and children, after besieging the Scottish town.[8]
10-12 February 1355 St Scholastica Day riot Oxford, England 93 Unknown A riot culminating from tensions between the city of Oxford and the academic community of the university.
21 October 1490 Massacre of Monzievaird Monzievaird, Scotland possibly 120 Clan warfare
1577 Eigg Massacre Isle of Eigg, Scotland 395 Clan warfare
According to the Clanranald legend all but one of the Isle of Eigg's MacDonald clan were asphyxiated by their rival MacLeod clan in Massacre Cave on the south coast of the island.[9] [10]
28 May 1644 Bolton Massacre Bolton, England 1600 !1,600 During the English Civil War, Royalist Forces under Prince Rupert of the Rhine slaughtered a large population of the strongly Roundhead town of Bolton.
1646 Dunoon Massacre Dunoon, Scotland 200 Clan warfare
May 1647 Battle of Dunaverty Kintyre, Scotland 300 More than 300 MacDougalls and MacDonald's followers, men, women and children, were slaughtered at Dunaverty after being promised quarter (mercy) by the Covenanters.
13 February 1692 Massacre of Glencoe Glen Coe, Scotland 0078 !78 Committed by the Clan Campbell under Captain Robert Campbell of Glenlyon, ostensibly due to irregularities concerning the swearing of an oath of allegiance to William II of Scotland.
10 May 1768 Massacre of St George's Fields London, England 0006 !6–7 Committed by the military during a riot.
29 October 1797 Massacre of Tranent Tranent, East Lothian, Scotland 12 Townsfolk, including women and children, were killed by members of the Cinque Ports Dragoons, a fencible cavalry regiment, during a protest against the Act of Parliament to raise a Scots militia by a form of conscription.
16 August 1819 Peterloo Massacre Manchester, Lancashire, England 015 !15 0400 !400–700 Committed by the military during a large outdoor protest.
May - 7 June 1831 Merthyr Rising Merthyr Tydfil, Wales 0024-26 !24-26 070+ !70+ Described by historian John Davies as "the most ferocious and bloody event in the history of industrialised Britain", the rebellion in Merthyr Tydfil and surrounding areas broke out following protests against falling wages, the price of bread, and forced redundancy. During the bloodiest incident, Highland troops sent to retake Merthyr fired on protesters during a fight against a large crowd.
4 November 1839 Newport Rising Newport, Wales 0022 !22 050+ !50+ Led by John Frost, between 1,000 and 5,000 Chartist sympathisers armed with home-made weapons marched on Newport, intent on liberating fellow Chartists who had been reportedly taken prisoner. About 22 demonstrators were killed when troops opened fire on them. The leaders of the rebellion were convicted of high treason, and sentenced to transportation for life.
12/13 August 1842 Preston Strike of 1842 Preston, Lancashire, England 0004 !4 0003 !3+ The Mayor Samuel Horrocks read the Riot Act. This gave local authorities the right to use force if necessary to disperse unlawful assemblies and stop riots. When violence escalated and the crowd did not disperse, the military then fired, shooting at least eight men.
30 January 1972 Bloody Sunday Derry, Northern Ireland 14 14+ During a peaceful protest march against internment, 28 unarmed civilians are shot by British soldiers.
22 February 1972 Aldershot Bombing Aldershot, England 7 18 A car bomb outside the headquarters of the British Army's 16th Parachute Regiment by Official IRA member Noel Jenkinson.
4 February 1974 M62 coach bombing West Yorkshire, England 12 38 A bombing on a coach carrying servicemen and their families by the Provisional IRA.
5 October 1974 Guildford pub bombings Guildford, England 5 65 Two bombs detonated in two separate Guildford pubs by the Provisional IRA who targeted them because they were popular with British servicemen.
21 November 1974 Birmingham pub bombings Birmingham, England 21 182 Two bombs detonated in two separate Birmingham pubs by the Provisional IRA.
16 August 1980 Denmark Place fire London, England 0037 !37 An arson attack against a night club on Denmark Street by patron who was angry at being barred from the club for arguing with a bartender. Described as the deadliest mass murder in modern British history.
19 August 1987 Hungerford massacre Hungerford, England 0016 !16 0015 !15 A spree shooting/murder–suicide.
21 December 1988 Lockerbie Bombing Lockerbie, Scotland 00270 !270 A bombing on the Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie by Libyan terrorist Abdelbaset al-Megrahi, the wreckage of the destroyed plane fell onto the town of Lockerbie. All passengers and crew members on the flight died, and eleven people on the ground.
13 March 1996 Dunblane school massacre Dunblane, Scotland 0018 !17 0015 !15 A school shooting/murder–suicide.
7 July 2005 7 July 2005 London bombings London, England 0052 !52 0700 !700+ A series of coordinated terrorist suicide attacks throughout central London between 08:50-09:47. It was the United Kingdom's worst terrorist incident since the 1988 Lockerbie bombing, as well as the country's first ever suicide attack.
2 June 2010 Cumbria shootings Cumbria, England 0012 !12 0011 !11 A killing spree/murder–suicide.
22 March 2017 2017 Westminster attack London, England 6 49 A vehicle and knife attack. Islamist terror attack.
22 May 2017 Manchester Arena Bombing Manchester, England 0022 !23 0059 !400+ Islamist terror attack/suicide attack.[11]
3 June 2017 June 2017 London Bridge attack London, England 0008 !8 0048 !48 Islamist terror/vehicle and knife attack.[12]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Davies, Norman (1999). The Isles: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 93. ISBN 0-19-820171-0.
Jump up ^ Williams, Ann (2003). Aethelred the Unready: The Ill-Counselled King. Hambledon: Hambledon Continuum. pp. 52–53. ISBN 1-85285-382-4.
Jump up ^ Rex, Peter (2004). The English Resistance: The Underground War Against the Normans. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus. p. 28. ISBN 0-7524-2827-6. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Vitalis, Ordericus (1854). Thomas Forester Tr., ed. The Ecclesiastical history of England and Normandy. Volume ii. London: Henry G. Bohn. p. 28. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Clifford's Tower: Massacre at York (1190) Archived 19 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "The 1190 Massacre: History of York". Retrieved 2013-04-19.
Jump up ^ Margolis, Max. L. and Marx, Alexander. A History of the Jewish People. (Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1927.) pp. 387-388
Jump up ^ John Parker Lawson (1849), "Siege of Berwick, 1296", Historical Tales of the Wars of Scotland, and of the Border Raids, Forays, and Conflicts, pp. 113–116
Jump up ^ Wiseman, Andrew (21 May 2014). "The Calum Maclean Project: The Eigg Massacre of 1577".
Jump up ^ "Isle of Eigg – Small Isles". 27 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Reporter, Record (25 May 2017). "The 22 lost lives of Manchester attack as all victims named by police".
Jump up ^ Evans, Sophie (4 June 2017). "First victim of London Bridge massacre identified as "beautiful" bride-to-be".
[hide]
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Guardians of the Galaxy (soundtrack)
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Guardians of the Galaxy: Awesome Mix Vol. 1 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack album for the Marvel Studios film Guardians of the Galaxy. Featuring the songs present on Peter Quill's mixtape in the film,[1] the album was released by Hollywood Records on July 29, 2014. A separate film score album, Guardians of the Galaxy (Original Score), composed by Tyler Bates, was also released by Hollywood Records on the same date, along with a deluxe version featuring both albums.[1] The soundtrack album reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart, becoming the first soundtrack album in history consisting entirely of previously released songs to top the chart.
The album topped the Billboard Top Soundtracks for 11 consecutive weeks[2] and 16 weeks in total.[3] As of April 2017, it has sold over 1.75 million copies in the United States alone, and has been certified Platinum by the RIAA.[4] The album was the US's second best-selling soundtrack album of 2014, behind only the soundtrack to Frozen.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Guardians of the Galaxy: Awesome Mix Vol. 1 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
2.1 Track listing
2.2 Charts and certifications
2.2.1 Charts
2.2.2 Year-end charts
2.2.3 Certifications
3 Guardians of the Galaxy (Original Score)
3.1 Track listing
4 References
Background[edit]
In August 2013 the film's director, James Gunn, posted on his Facebook page that Tyler Bates would be composing the film's score. Gunn stated that Bates will write some of the score first so that he can film to the music, as opposed to scoring to the film.[6] In February 2014, Gunn revealed that the film would incorporate songs from the 1970s and 1980s, such as "Hooked on a Feeling", on a mixtape in Quill's Walkman, which acts as a way for him to stay connected to the Earth, home and family he lost.[7] In May 2014, Gunn added that using the songs from the 70s and 80s were "cultural reference points", saying, "It's striking the balance throughout the whole movie, through something that is very unique, but also something that is easily accessible to people at the same time. The music and the Earth stuff is one of those touchstones that we have to remind us that, yeah, [Quill] is a real person from planet Earth who's just like you and me. Except that he's in this big outer space adventure."[8]
Guardians of the Galaxy: Awesome Mix Vol. 1 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)[edit]
Guardians of the Galaxy: Awesome Mix Vol. 1 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
Soundtrack album by Various artists
Released
July 29, 2014
Recorded
1967–1979
Studio
Various, across the United States and the United Kingdom
Genre
Rock, soul
Length
44:34
Label
Hollywood
Marvel Music
Producer
James Gunn
Kevin Feige
Dave Jordan
Marvel Cinematic Universe soundtrack chronology
Captain America: The Winter Soldier
(2014) Captain America: The Winter Soldier2014 Guardians of the Galaxy
(2014) Guardians of the Galaxy2014 Avengers: Age of Ultron
(2015) Avengers: Age of Ultron2015
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
AllMusic [9]
Track listing[edit]
All songs—with the exception of "Spirit in the Sky", which is played in the trailer—are featured in the film.[10] "Never Been to Spain" by Three Dog Night, "Magic" by Pilot, and "Livin' Thing" by Electric Light Orchestra were also used during filming; however, the scenes in which they were featured were cut from the final version of the film.[11][12] "Wichita Lineman" by Glen Campbell and "Mama Told Me (Not to Come)" by Three Dog Night were originally considered for the film instead of "Moonage Daydream".[12] "Fox on the Run" by Sweet and "Surrender" by Cheap Trick were also considered for the film.[13] Both would be used for Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2's Awesome Mix Vol. 2.[14]
No.
Title
Artist(s)
Length
1. "Hooked on a Feeling" Blue Swede 2:52
2. "Go All the Way" Raspberries 3:21
3. "Spirit in the Sky" Norman Greenbaum 4:02
4. "Moonage Daydream" David Bowie 4:41
5. "Fooled Around and Fell in Love" Elvin Bishop 4:35
6. "I'm Not in Love" 10cc 6:03
7. "I Want You Back" The Jackson 5 2:58
8. "Come and Get Your Love" Redbone 3:26
9. "Cherry Bomb" The Runaways 2:17
10. "Escape (The Piña Colada Song)" Rupert Holmes 4:37
11. "O-o-h Child" Five Stairsteps 3:13
12. "Ain't No Mountain High Enough" Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell 2:29
Total length: 44:35
Charts and certifications[edit]
By August 2014, Guardians of the Galaxy: Awesome Mix Vol. 1 had reached the top of the Billboard 200 chart, becoming the first soundtrack album in history consisting entirely of previously released songs to top the chart.[15][16] By September 2014, Guardians of the Galaxy: Awesome Mix Vol. 1 was the second best-selling soundtrack album in the US (after Frozen) with 426,000 copies sold at that time.[17] The album was also the second soundtrack album released by Disney Music Group that year (also after Frozen) to reach No. 1 on the aforementioned chart.[18] The album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America, eight weeks after its release.[19] An exclusive vinyl LP edition of the soundtrack was also released on September 16, 2014.[19] On November 28, 2014, the soundtrack got a limited edition cassette tape release exclusive to retailers associated with Record Store Day's Black Friday event, and is the first cassette release by Disney Music Group since 2003's Classic Disney: 60 Years of Musical Magic.[20] The soundtrack became the fifth best-selling album of 2014, selling a total of 898,000 copies that year.[21] In January 2015, the album was certified platinum by the RIAA.[22] It has sold 1.75 million total copies in the United States,[4][23][24] with 11,000 coming from cassette sales.[25] Worldwide, Guardians of the Galaxy: Awesome Mix Vol. 1 sold over 2.5 million copies in 2014.[26]
Charts[edit]
Charts (2014)
Peak
position
Australian Albums (ARIA)[27]
2
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[28]
18
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)[29]
23
Canadian Albums Chart[30][31]
1
Danish Albums (Hitlisten)[32]
5
Dutch Albums (MegaCharts)[33]
27
French Albums (SNEP)[34]
46
Hungarian Albums (MAHASZ)[35]
11
Italian Compilation Albums Chart[36]
2
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[37]
7
Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE)[38]
28
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[39]
67
UK Compilation Albums Chart[40]
2
US Billboard 200[41]
1
US Billboard Top Soundtracks[42]
1
US Billboard Top Rock Albums
1
US Billboard Top Digital Albums
1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (2014)
Position
Australian Albums (ARIA)[43]
22
Chart (2015)
Position
Australian Albums (ARIA)[44]
36
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[45]
48
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[46]
2× Platinum 140,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria)[47]
Gold 7,500*
Canada (Music Canada)[48]
Platinum 80,000^
Germany (BVMI)[49]
Gold 100,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[50]
Gold 7,500^
United States (RIAA)[51]
Platinum 1,003,000[4]
Worldwide (IFPI)
2,500,000[52]
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
Guardians of the Galaxy (Original Score)[edit]
Guardians of the Galaxy (Original Score)
Guardians of the Galaxy Deluxe Edition
Film score by Tyler Bates
Released
July 29, 2014 (2014-07-29)
Studio
Abbey Road Studios
Genre
Film score
Length
64:34
Label
Hollywood
Marvel Music
Producer
James Gunn
Kevin Feige
Dave Jordan
Tyler Bates chronology
Flight 7500
(2014)Flight 75002014 Guardians of the Galaxy
(2014) John Wick
(2014)John Wick2014
Marvel Cinematic Universe soundtrack chronology
Captain America: The Winter Soldier
(2014) Captain America: The Winter Soldier2014 Guardians of the Galaxy
(2014) Guardians of the Galaxy2014 Avengers: Age of Ultron
(2015) Avengers: Age of Ultron2015
Track listing[edit]
All music composed by Tyler Bates[53].
No.
Title
Length
1. "Morag" 1:58
2. "The Final Battle Begins" 4:21
3. "Plasma Ball" 1:18
4. "Quill's Big Retreat" 1:38
5. "To the Stars" 2:52
6. "Ronan's Theme" 2:24
7. "Everyone's an Idiot" 1:26
8. "What a Bunch of A-Holes" 2:14
9. "Busted" 1:34
10. "The New Meat" 0:36
11. "The Destroyer" 1:27
12. "Sanctuary" 2:26
13. "The Kyln Escape" 7:23
14. "Don't Mess With My Walkman" 0:44
15. "The Great Companion" 0:51
16. "The Road to Knowhere" 0:37
17. "The Collector" 3:20
18. "Ronan's Arrival" 0:56
19. "The Pod Chase" 3:56
20. "Sacrifice" 3:20
21. "We All Got Dead People" 1:46
22. "The Ballad of the Nova Corps." 1:48
23. "Groot Spores" 1:11
24. "Guardians United" 2:46
25. "The Big Blast" 3:05
26. "Groot Cocoon" 2:29
27. "Black Tears" 2:43
28. "Citizens Unite" 1:15
29. "A Nova Upgrade" 2:10
Total length: 64:34
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Hollywood Records And Marvel Set To Release Marvel's Guardians Of The Galaxy Deluxe Soundtrack, Marvel's Guardians Of The Galaxy Awesome Mix Vol. 1 And Marvel's Guardians Of The Galaxy Digital Score Soundtrack". Digital Journal via PR Newswire. July 9, 2014. Archived from the original on July 10, 2014. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ Paul Grein (December 18, 2014). "Carrie Underwood's 'Greatest' Is Doing Great". Yahoo! Music. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ Paul Grein (January 22, 2015). "Meghan Trainor's Debut Album Arrives at #1". Yahoo! Music. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Caulfield, Keith (January 16, 2015). "Billboard 200 Chart Moves: 'Guardians' Soundtrack Surpasses 1 Million in Sales". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Caulfield, Keith (December 31, 2014). "Taylor Swift's '1989' Beats 'Frozen' As Top Selling Album of 2014". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved January 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ Schaefer, Sandy (August 2013). "James Gunn On ‘Guardians of the Galaxy’ Composer Tyler Bates’ Approach". ScreenRant. Archived from the original on August 22, 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ Ashurst, Sam (February 19, 2014). "Guardians of the Galaxy: James Gunn's Trailer Breakdown: Star Lord's Walkman". Total Film. Archived from the original on February 19, 2014. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Tilly, Chris (May 16, 2014). "15 Reasons To Get Excited About Guardians Of The Galaxy". IGN. Archived from the original on May 19, 2014. Retrieved May 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ AllMusic review
Jump up ^ McMillan, Graeme (July 2, 2014). "'Guardians of The Galaxy' Soundtrack: Marvel Unearths '70s Jams". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on July 4, 2014. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bussey, Ben (September 12, 2014). "James Gunn Teases Deleted Guardians Of The Galaxy Musical Scene". Yahoo! UK. Archived from the original on September 12, 2014. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Suskind, Alex (August 8, 2014). "Director James Gunn on How He Chose the Music in Guardians of the Galaxy". Vulture. New York. Archived from the original on September 19, 2014. Retrieved September 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Matt (December 18, 2014). "James Gunn Reveals Uncut Awesome Mix: Vol. 1; Includes Cheap Trick and Three Dog Night". Collider.com. Archived from the original on April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hiatt, Brian (April 19, 2017). "Inside the 'Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2' Soundtrack". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on April 19, 2017. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Gilman, Greg (August 13, 2014). "‘Guardians of the Galaxy’ Becomes First Soundtrack in History Without New Songs to Land No. 1 Spot". The Wrap. Archived from the original on August 14, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ Wood, Mikael (August 13, 2014). "'Guardians of the Galaxy' soundtrack shoots to No. 1 on Billboard 200". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Caulfield, Keith (September 12, 2014). "Billboard 200 Chart Moves: 'Guardians' & 'Frozen' Make Up Almost 40% of 2014 Soundtrack Sales". Billboard. Retrieved September 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ Morris, Christopher (August 13, 2014). "‘Guardians of the Galaxy’ Soundtrack Takes Over U.S. Album Chart" (Variety). Retrieved August 19, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Marvel Music And Hollywood Records' Marvel's Guardians Of The Galaxy Awesome Mix Vol. 1 Soundtrack Is Certified Gold". PR Newsire. September 25, 2014. Retrieved September 26, 2014.
Jump up ^ Caulfield, Keith (October 20, 2014). "Exclusive: 'Guardians' Soundtrack To Be Released On Cassette Tape". Billboard. Archived from the original on October 21, 2014. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ Caulfield, Keith (December 31, 2014). "Taylor Swift's '1989' Beats 'Frozen' As Top Selling Album of 2014". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved January 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Marvel's Guardians Of The Galaxy Awesome Mix Vol. 1 Soundtrack Is Certified Platinum". PR Newswire. January 16, 2015. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Keith Caulfield (April 27, 2017). "Billboard 200 Chart Moves: 'Saturday Night Fever' Soundtrack Returns". Billboard. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Keith Caulfield (April 30, 2017). "Kendrick Lamar's 'DAMN.' Spends Second Week at No. 1 on Billboard 200, Incubus & 'Guardians 2' Debut in Top 10". Billboard. Retrieved May 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Rottenberg, Josh (May 4, 2017). "Director James Gunn talks mom rock and why Led Zeppelin missed the cut for his ‘Guardians 2’ mix". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 16, 2017. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "IFPI Digital Music Report 2015: Charting the Path to Sustainable Growth" (PDF). International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Australiancharts.com – Soundtrack – Marvel's Guardians of the Galaxy - Awesome Mix Vol. 1". Hung Medien.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Soundtrack – Marvel's Guardians of the Galaxy - Awesome Mix Vol. 1" (in Dutch). Hung Medien.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Soundtrack – Marvel's Guardians of the Galaxy - Awesome Mix Vol. 1" (in French). Hung Medien.
Jump up ^ "Soundtrack - Chart history -Billboard". Billboard. August 7, 2014. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ "A Journal of Musical ThingsWeekly Music Sales Report and Analysis: 14 August 2014 - A Journal of Musical Things". A Journal of Musical Things.
Jump up ^ "Danishcharts.com – Soundtrack – Marvel's Guardians of the Galaxy - Awesome Mix Vol. 1". Hung Medien.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Soundtrack – Marvel's Guardians of the Galaxy - Awesome Mix Vol. 1" (in Dutch). Hung Medien.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – Soundtrack – Marvel's Guardians of the Galaxy - Awesome Mix Vol. 1". Hung Medien.
Jump up ^ "Top 40 album DVD és válogatáslemez-lista – 2014. 34. hét" (in Hungarian). MAHASZ.
Jump up ^ "Compilation - Classifica settimanale WK 44 (dal 27-10-2014 al 02-11-2014)" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Archived from the original on November 6, 2014. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Soundtrack – Marvel's Guardians of the Galaxy - Awesome Mix Vol. 1". Hung Medien.
Jump up ^ "Spanishcharts.com – Soundtrack – Marvel's Guardians of the Galaxy - Awesome Mix Vol. 1". Hung Medien.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Soundtrack – Marvel's Guardians of the Galaxy - Awesome Mix Vol. 1". Hung Medien.
Jump up ^ Travis, Ben (August 14, 2014). "Guardians of the Galaxy: Awesome Mix soundtrack tops Billboard chart". The Telegraph. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Caulfield, Keith (August 13, 2014). "'Guardians Of The Galaxy' Soundtrack Hits No. 1 On Billboard 200". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ Grein, Paul. "Chart Watch: J.J. Cale Tribute, 'Galaxy' Soundtrack Soar". Yahoo!. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ "End of Year Charts – ARIA Top 100 Albums 2014". ARIA Charts. Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts - End of Year Charts - Top 100 Albums 2015". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved January 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Official NZ Music Charts - End of Year Charts 2015".
Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2015 Albums". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved April 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Austrian album certifications – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack – Guardians of the Galaxy - Awesome Mix Vol. 1" (in German). IFPI Austria. Enter Original Motion Picture Soundtrack in the field Interpret. Enter Guardians of the Galaxy - Awesome Mix Vol. 1 in the field Titel. Select album in the field Format. Click Suchen
Jump up ^ "Canadian album certifications – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack – Guardians of the Galaxy - Awesome Mix Vol. 1". Music Canada.
Jump up ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (O.S.T. - Various; 'Guardians Of The Galaxy')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved March 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand album certifications – Soundtrack – Guardians Of The Galaxy: Awesome Mix Vol. 1". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
Jump up ^ "American album certifications – Soundtrack – Guardians of the Galaxy". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ "IFPI publishes Digital Music Report 2015". IFPI. April 14, 2015. Retrieved May 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "‘Guardians of the Galaxy’ Deluxe Edition Soundtrack & Score Album Details". Film Music Reporter. July 16, 2014. Archived from the original on July 17, 2014. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
[show]
v
t
e
Guardians of the Galaxy
Creators
Stan Lee
Arnold Drake
Roy Thomas
Dan Abnett
Andy Lanning
Members
1969 team members
Charlie-27
Martinex T'Naga
Nikki
Starhawk
Talon
Vance Astro/Major Victory
Yondu Udonta
2008 team members
Adam Warlock
Bug
Cosmo the Spacedog
Drax the Destroyer
Gamora
Groot
Jack Flag
Mantis
Moondragon
Quasar (Phyla-Vell)
Rocket Raccoon
Star-Lord
Supporting characters
Annihilators
Beta Ray Bill
Gladiator
Quasar
Ronan the Accuser
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Avengers
Kismet
Nova Corps
Richard Rider
Sam Alexander
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Antagonists
Annihilus
Badoon
Blastaar
Brood
Ego the Living Planet
Galactus
Hala the Accuser
J'son
Korvac
Magus
Nebula
Shi'ar Empire
Vulcan
Skrull
Thanos
Titus
Universal Church of Truth
Storylines
Annihilation
Annihilation: Conquest
War of Kings
Realm of Kings
The Thanos Imperative
The Black Vortex
In other media
Guardians of the Galaxy (film)
soundtrack
Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2
soundtrack
Guardians of the Galaxy (TV series)
Guardians of the Galaxy: The Telltale Series
Related articles
Cosmic entities
Knowhere
Guardians of the Galaxy – Mission: Breakout!
Guardians of the Galaxy (Epcot Attraction)
[show]
v
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e
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Thor
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Zack Conroy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Zack Conroy
Born
(1985-04-19) April 19, 1985 (age 32)
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, United States
Zack Conroy (born April 19, 1985 in Portsmouth, New Hampshire) is an American actor. He graduated from Boston College with a bachelor's degree in finance and management. Later, in June 2015, he also earned a master's degree in business administration from UCLA.
Contents
[hide]
1 Career
2 Filmography
3 Awards and nominations
4 References
5 External links
Career[edit]
Conroy played James Spaulding on Guiding Light from April until the show's finale in September 2009. In 2010, Conroy received a nomination for Outstanding Younger Actor for his portrayal of James at the 37th Daytime Emmy Awards.[1]
In December 2009, it was announced that Conroy would be joining the cast of The Bold and the Beautiful as Oliver Jones. His first air date was on January 20, 2010.[2] On April 5, 2013, it was announced that Conroy would crossover to B&B's sister-soap The Young and the Restless in his role as Oliver, starting on May 21.[3]
Filmography[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
Television
2008
As the World Turns
Leo Morrisey 3 episodes
Gossip Girl
Ben Simmons 1 episode
2009
Guiding Light
James Spaulding April - September 2009
2010–15
The Bold and the Beautiful
Oliver Jones January 20, 2010 – July 27, 2015
2013
The Young and the Restless
3 episodes
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Work
Result
Ref
2010 Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series Guiding Light Nominated [1]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Fairman, Michael (May 23, 2010). "Zack Conroy on his GL Daytime Emmy Nomination for James & B&B's Oliver!". Michael Fairman. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ Newcomb, Roger (December 18, 2009). "Zack Conroy Joins B&B As Oliver". We Love Soaps. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ Giddens, Jamey (April 5, 2013). "EXCLUSIVE: Zack Conroy's Oliver Jones to Crossover From Bold and Beautiful to The Young and the Restless!". Daytime Confidential. Zap2it. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
External links[edit]
Zack Conroy on IMDb
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zack_Conroy&oldid=756637062"
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