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List of countries where Spanish is an official language
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It has been suggested that this article be merged into List of territorial entities where Spanish is an official language. (Discuss) Proposed since February 2018.
Countries and territories where the Spanish language holds official status.
The following is a list of countries where Spanish is an official language, plus a number of countries where Spanish, or any language closely related to it, is an important or significant language.
Contents
[hide]
1 Official or national language
2 Significant minority language
2.1 Andorra
2.2 Belize
2.3 Gibraltar
2.4 United States
3 Historical language
3.1 Philippines
3.2 Western Sahara
3.3 Guam and Northern Mariana Islands
4 Creole languages
5 Judeo-Spanish
6 International organizations
7 References
Official or national language[edit]
Spanish is the majority language in 21 sovereign states and several dependent territories, totaling around 440 million people.[1] It is additionally the main official language in Equatorial Guinea.
In these countries and territories, Spanish is the main or mostly used language of communication of the vast majority of the population; official documents are written chiefly or solely in that language; and it is taught in schools and utilized as the primary medium of instruction as part of the official curriculum.
Country/Territory
Status
Population
(2014)[2]
Regulatory body
More information
Mexico De facto[3] 120,286,655 Academia Mexicana de la Lengua Mexican Spanish
Colombia De jure[4] 48,400,388 Academia Colombiana de la Lengua Colombian Spanish
Spaina De jure[5] 47,737,941 Real Academia Española Peninsular Spanish
Argentina De facto[6] 43,024,374 Academia Argentina de Letras Rioplatense Spanish
Perub De jure[7] 30,147,935 Academia Peruana de la Lengua Peruvian Coast Spanish
Venezuela De jure[8] 28,868,486 Academia Venezolana de la Lengua Venezuelan Spanish
Chile De facto[9] 17,363,894 Academia Chilena de la Lengua Chilean Spanish
Ecuadorc De jure[10] 15,654,411 Academia Ecuatoriana de la Lengua Ecuadorian Spanish
Guatemala De jure[11] 14,647,083 Academia Guatemalteca de la Lengua Guatemalan Spanish
Cuba De jure[12] 11,047,251 Academia Cubana de la Lengua Cuban Spanish
Boliviad De jure[13] 10,631,486 Academia Boliviana de la Lengua Bolivian Spanish
Dominican Republic De jure[14] 10,349,741 Academia Dominicana de la Lengua Dominican Spanish
Honduras De jure[15] 8,598,561 Academia Hondureña de la Lengua Honduran Spanish
Paraguaye De jure[16] 6,703,860 Academia Paraguaya de la Lengua Española Paraguayan Spanish
El Salvador De jure[17] 6,125,512 Academia Salvadoreña de la Lengua Salvadoran Spanish
Nicaragua De facto[18] 5,848,641 Academia Nicaragüense de la Lengua Nicaraguan Spanish
Costa Rica De jure[19] 4,755,234 Academia Costarricense de la Lengua Costa Rican Spanish
Puerto Ricof De jure[20] 3,620,897 Academia Puertorriqueña de la Lengua Española Puerto Rican Spanish
Panama De jure[21] 3,608,431 Academia Panameña de la Lengua Panamanian Spanish
Uruguay De facto[22] 3,332,972 Academia Nacional de Letras Uruguayan Spanish
Equatorial Guineag De jure[23] 1,722,254 Academia Ecuatoguineana de la Lengua Española Equatoguinean Spanish
Total 442,476,007 Association of Spanish Language Academies
a In Spain, Spanish is the sole official language at the national level, while the languages of Basque, Catalan/Valencian, and Galician are co-official alongside Spanish in certain regions.
b In Peru, Spanish is the sole official language at the national level while Quechua and Aymara hold co-official status in selected regions.
c In Ecuador, Spanish is the sole official language at the national level while the Kichwa (Northern Quechua) and Shuar languages hold co-official status in selected regions.
d In Bolivia, the national constitution recognizes Spanish and various indigenous languages of Bolivia as official at the national level, though Spanish is predominant nationwide.
e In Paraguay, Spanish and the indigenous Guaraní are recognized as co-official at the national level and both are widely used in society.
f Puerto Rico is an unincorporated territory of the U.S. where Spanish and English are the official languages and Spanish is the primary language.[20]
g In Equatorial Guinea, the Spanish, French, and Portuguese languages all hold official status at the national level, though Spanish is the primary language in the public sphere while Fang, Bube, Kombe, and other Bantu languages, as well as an English-based creole, are used at home and family settings. See Equatorial Guinea#Languages.
Population of the Spanish speaking countries (+ Puerto Rico) in 2011
Significant minority language[edit]
Though not an official language at the national level, Spanish is regularly spoken by significant minority populations in each of the nations and territories noted below. In each, public services and information are widely available in Spanish, as are various forms of printed and broadcast media.
Country
Population
(2014)[2]
Total speakers
Percentage Spanish-speaking
Andorra 85,458 29,907 35%
Belize 340,844 106,795 30%
Gibraltar 29,185 23,857 81%
United States of America 318,892,103 52,000,000 23%
Andorra[edit]
See also: Languages of Andorra
The Spanish language is not official but also holds a special status (in the education system, the media, and some official documents) in the Principality of Andorra which shares land borders with Spain.[24]
Belize[edit]
See also: Languages of Belize
Spanish has no official recognition in the Central American nation of Belize, a Commonwealth realm where English is the official national language. However, the country shares land borders with Spanish-speaking Mexico and Guatemala and, per the 2010 Belizean census, Spanish is spoken by a sizable portion of the population; 30% claim Spanish as a mother tongue and about 50% of the population has working knowledge of the language.[25]
Gibraltar[edit]
See also: Languages of Gibraltar
The Spanish language is not official but also holds a special status (in the education system, the media, and some official documents) in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar, which share land borders with Spain.[26]
United States[edit]
Main article: Spanish language in the United States
Spanish has been spoken in the United States for several centuries in the Southwest and Florida, which were all once part of New Spain. However, today only a tiny minority of Spanish speakers in the US trace their language back to those times; the overwhelming majority of speakers come from recent immigration. Only in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado has Spanish maintained speaking communities uninterruptedly since colonial times. [27] Spanish is the most studied foreign language in United States schools and is spoken as a native tongue by 41 million people, plus an additional 11 million fluent second-language speakers.[28] Though not official, Spanish has a special status for education in the U.S. state of New Mexico. [29] With over 50 million native speakers and second language speakers, the United States now has the second largest Spanish-speaking population in the world after Mexico.[30] Spanish is increasingly used alongside English nationwide in business and politics. In the United States, the language is regulated by the North American Academy of the Spanish Language.
Historical language[edit]
Philippines[edit]
Main article: Spanish language in the Philippines
See also: Philippine Spanish
Spanish was an official language of the Philippines from the beginning of the Hispanic period in 1565 and through independence until a constitutional change in 1973. However, President Ferdinand Marcos had Spanish redesigned as an official language under Presidential Decree No. 156, dated 15 March 1973 and Spanish remained official until 1987, when it was re-designated as a voluntary and optional auxiliary language.[31]
On 8 August 2007, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo announced that the Philippine government asked help from the Spanish Government in her plan to reintroduce Spanish as a required subject in the Philippine school system.[32] By 2012, the language was a compulsory subject at only a very select number of secondary schools.[33] In spite of government promotion of Spanish, less than 0.5% of the population are able to speak Spanish at least proficiently.[34]
While Spanish is designated as an optional government language in the Philippines, its usage is very limited and not present in everyday life.[35] In the country, Spanish is regulated by the Philippine Academy of the Spanish Language.
Western Sahara[edit]
Spanish is a secondary official language, alongside Arabic, in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, a former Spanish colony and now a partially recognized state, most of whose territory is occupied by Morocco. Spanish is not a native language in that country.[36][37]
Guam and Northern Mariana Islands[edit]
Spanish was spoken during Spanish rule, but is no longer used. But in Guam there are Spanish songs and is spoken by Puerto Ricans and Catholic people. And both islands music is influenced by Spanish. Chamorro language is derived from Spanish language but is not creole. And the culture and cuisine are influenced by Hispanic culture and cuisine, and have Spanish surnames.
Creole languages[edit]
Main article: Spanish-based creole languages
There are a number of Spanish-based creole languages. Chavacano is spoken in Zamboanga City in the Philippines and is a regional language.[38] Papiamento is the official language in Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao; it has been classified as either a Spanish-based or a Portuguese-based creole.[39][40]
Chamorro is an Austronesian language with many Spanish loanwords; some scholars have considered it a creole, but the most authoritative sources deny this. [41]
Country
Creole language
Estimated speakers[42]
Year
Status
Aruba Papiamento ~100,000[43] N/A Official.[44]
Caribbean Netherlands Papiamento – – Official.[45]
Curaçao Papiamento 185,155[46] 1981 Official.[47]
Philippines Chavacano 689,000[46] 1992 Regional.[38]
Judeo-Spanish[edit]
Main article: Judaeo-Spanish
Judaeo-Spanish (sometimes known as Ladino or other names) is a language derived from medieval Spanish; it is still spoken by some Sephardi Jews, mainly in Israel.[48]
International organizations[edit]
United Nations (UN)
European Union (EU)
Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)
African Union (AU)
Central American Integration System (SICA)
Latin American Parliament (Parlatino)
United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
Organization of American States (OAS)
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Mercosur
Andean Community of Nations (CAN)
Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)
Antarctic Treaty Secretariat (ATS)
International Labour Organization (ILO)
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
Latin Union
Pacific Alliance
Interpol
Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
Jump up ^ Mexico does not have an official language at the federal level [1]; however, Spanish is spoken by the majority.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Colombia, Art. 10
Jump up ^ Spanish Constitution, Art. 3-1
Jump up ^ The Argentine Constitution does not establish Spanish as an official language.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Peru, Art. 48
Jump up ^ Constitution of Venezuela, Art. 9
Jump up ^ The Constitution of Chile does not establish Spanish as an official language. However, Chilean legislation establishes that schools must teach students to communicate in the "Castilian language" (General Law on Education (Articles 29 and 30), Chile Library of Congress.)
Jump up ^ Constitution of Ecuador, Art. 2
Jump up ^ Constitution of Guatemala, Art. 143
Jump up ^ Constitution of Cuba Archived 2 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine., Art. 2
Jump up ^ Constitution of Bolivia, Art. 5
Jump up ^ The Constitution of the Dominican Republic establish Spanish as it official language.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Honduras, Art. 6
Jump up ^ Constitution of Paraguay, Art. 140
Jump up ^ Constitution of El Salvador, Art. 62
Jump up ^ The Constitution of Nicaragua does not establish Spanish as an official language.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Costa Rica, Art. 76
^ Jump up to: a b Constitution of Puerto Rico Archived 19 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine., Art. 3, Section 5: It is mandatory to be able to read and write in either English or Spanish in order to be a member of the Legislative Assembly.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Panama, Art. 7
Jump up ^ The Constitution of Uruguay does not establish Spanish as an official language.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Equatorial Guinea Archived 1 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine., Art. 4
Jump up ^ "Observatori de l'Institut d'Estudis Andorrans" (in Catalan). Archived from the original on 17 July 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Statistical Institute of Belize: Belize Population and Housing Census 2010. Country Report. Belmopan 2013.
Jump up ^ <Constitution of Gibraltar Archived 21 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Canfield, Delos Lincoln (1981). Spanish Pronunciation in the Americas. The University of Chicago Press. p. 80. The main nuclei of Spanish speech in the United States are northern New Mexico / southern Colorado, the border territories from California through Texas, the Florida peninsula, New York City, and other large cities of the Northeast and Midwest. Only one of these, the New Mexico / Colorado dialect area, has maintained linguistic continuity since colonial days, and its speech goes back to about 1600.
Jump up ^ "US now has more Spanish speakers than Spain". theguardian.com. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
Jump up ^ Language Rights and New Mexico Statehood By the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
Jump up ^ "Más 'speak spanish' que en España". Retrieved 2007-10-06. (Spanish)
Jump up ^ Article XIV, Sec 7: For purposes of communication and instruction, the official languages of the Philippines are Filipino and, until otherwise provided by law, English. The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein. Spanish and Arabic shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis.
Jump up ^ "La presidenta filipina pedirá ayuda a España para oficializar el español" (in Spanish). MSN Noticias. Archived from the original on 26 October 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-30.
Jump up ^ Legaspi, Amita O. (3 July 2012). "PNoy (President Benigno Aquino III) and Spain's Queen Sofia welcome return of Spanish language in Philippine schools". GMA News.
Jump up ^ Medium projection, Philippine Statistics Authority, 2010, archived from the original on 11 August 2011
Jump up ^ Constitution of the Philippines, Art. 14
Jump up ^ "Como saharauis queremos conservar el español". Lavozdegalicia.es. 2008-03-13. Retrieved 2015-01-28.
Jump up ^ "EL ESPAñOL EN LOS CAMPAMENTOS DE REFUGIADOS SAHARAUIS (TINDUF, ARGELIA)" (PDF). Cvc.cervantes.es. Retrieved 2015-05-20.
^ Jump up to: a b DepEd adds 7 languages to mother tongue-based education for Kinder to Grade 3. GMA News. July 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ Attila Narin (June 1998). "Papiamentu Facts". Retrieved 2008-06-13.
Jump up ^ Dalby, Andrew (1998). Dictionary of Languages. Bloomsbury Publishing plc. p. 489. ISBN 0-7475-3117-X.
Jump up ^ Topping, Donald (1973). Chamorro Reference Grammar. University Press of Hawaii. pp. 6 and 7. ISBN 978-0-8248-0269-1.
Jump up ^ "Ethnologue". Retrieved 2008-06-13.
Jump up ^ "Language" - Government of Aruba (official site) - 2010
Jump up ^ Migge, Bettina; Léglise, Isabelle; Bartens, Angela (2010). Creoles in Education: An Appraisal of Current Programs and Projects. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 268. ISBN 978-90-272-5258-6.
Jump up ^ "Tijdelijke wet officiële talen BES" (in Dutch). wetten.nl. Retrieved 2010-10-24. Artikel 2: De officiële talen zijn het Engels, het Nederlands en het Papiamento. (English: Article 2: The official languages are English, Dutch and Papiamento)
^ Jump up to: a b Número de hispanohablantes en países y territorios donde el español no es lengua oficial Archived 29 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine., Instituto Cervantes.
Jump up ^ "Nieuwsbrief 070313 – Papiaments officieel erkend". Nieuws.leidenuniv.nl. Retrieved 2011-11-21.
Jump up ^ EJP | News | Western Europe | Judaeo-Spanish language revived Archived 29 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine.. Ejpress.org (19 September 2005). Retrieved on 19 October 2011.
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text:
List of former European colonies
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This is a list of former European colonies.
Contents
[hide]
1 North America
1.1 United Kingdom
1.2 Denmark
1.3 France
1.4 Netherlands
1.5 Norway
1.6 Portugal
1.7 Russia
1.8 Spain
1.9 Sweden
2 West Indies and the Caribbean
2.1 Brandenburg
2.2 Britain
2.3 Courland
2.4 Denmark-Norway
2.5 France
2.6 Knights of Malta
2.7 Netherlands
2.8 Portugal
2.9 Sweden
3 South America
3.1 Britain
3.2 France
3.3 Netherlands
3.4 Portugal
3.5 Spain
4 Africa
4.1 Belgium
4.2 Brandenburg
4.3 Britain
4.4 Courland
4.5 Denmark-Norway
4.6 France
4.7 Germany
4.8 Italy
4.9 Netherlands
4.10 Portugal
4.11 Spain
4.12 Sweden
5 Indian Ocean
5.1 Britain
5.2 France
5.3 Netherlands
5.4 Portugal
6 Middle East
6.1 Britain
6.2 France
6.3 Netherlands
6.4 Portugal
6.5 Russia
7 Indian Subcontinent
7.1 Austria
7.2 Britain
7.3 Denmark-Norway
7.4 France
7.5 Netherlands
7.6 Portugal
8 Asia-Pacific
8.1 Britain
8.2 Belgium
8.3 France
8.4 Germany
8.5 Italy
8.6 Netherlands
8.7 Portugal
8.8 Russia
8.9 Spain
9 Europe
9.1 Austria
9.2 Britain
9.3 Denmark
9.4 Greece
9.5 Italy
9.6 Norway
9.7 Russia
9.8 Spain
9.9 Sweden
10 See also
11 References
North America[edit]
United Kingdom[edit]
British America
Canadian colonies
Island of St. John
Colony of Newfoundland
Province of Nova Scotia
Province of Quebec
Rupert's Land (A private estate stretching from the Atlantic to the Rocky Mountains, and from the prairies to the Arctic Circle.[1])
"Thirteen Colonies"
New England Colonies:
Province of Massachusetts Bay
Province of New Hampshire
Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
Connecticut Colony
Province of New York
Province of New Jersey
Province of Pennsylvania
Delaware Colony
Province of Maryland
Colony of Virginia
Province of North Carolina
Province of South Carolina
Province of Georgia
Other North American colonies
Province of East Florida
Province of West Florida
Indian Reserve
Oregon Country (disputed with France)
Bermuda
British Honduras
Mosquito Coast
Denmark[edit]
Greenland
Norway
France[edit]
New France
Newfoundland
Île-Royale (Cape Breton Island)
Saint-Domingue (Haiti)
Netherlands[edit]
New Netherlands (Nieuw-Amsterdam / New York)
Norway[edit]
Greenland
Vinland
Portugal[edit]
Claim to Labrador
Claim and settlement in Terra Nova (Newfoundland)
Russia[edit]
Fort Ross, California
Alaska, USA
Spain[edit]
Viceroyalty of New Spain (1535–1821)
Las Californias
Nuevo Reino de León
Nuevo Santander
Nueva Vizcaya
Santa Fe de Nuevo México
Nueva Extremadura
Nueva Galicia
Captaincy General of Cuba
Puerto Rico
Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic)
Captaincy General of Guatemala
Costa Rica
El Salvador
East Florida and West Florida
Settlement at Nootka, near Vancouver Island, Canada
Philippines
Sweden[edit]
New Sweden (Nya Sverige)
West Indies and the Caribbean[edit]
Brandenburg[edit]
St Thomas
Britain[edit]
Bahamas
Barbados
Jamaica
Leeward Islands
Antigua and Barbuda
Dominica
Saint Christopher (St Kitts)-Nevis
Windward Islands
Grenada
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Courland[edit]
New Courland (Tobago)
Denmark-Norway[edit]
Saint John
Saint Thomas
Saint Croix
France[edit]
Anguilla
Antigua and Barbuda
Dominica
Grenada
Haiti
Montserrat
Saint Barthélemy
Nevis
Saint Christophe (St Kitts)
Saint Croix
Saint-Domingue (Haiti)
Sainte-Lucia (St Lucia)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Sint Eustatius
Tobago
Knights of Malta[edit]
Saint-Barthélemy
Saint Christopher (St Kitts)
Saint Croix
Tortuga (off coast of Haiti)
Netherlands[edit]
Anegada
New Walcheren (Tobago)
Saint Croix
Tortola
Virgin Gorda
Portugal[edit]
Barbados
Sweden[edit]
Guadeloupe
Saint-Barthélemy
South America[edit]
Britain[edit]
British Guiana
Berbice, Essequibo, Demerara
Falkland Islands
South Georgia
South Sandwich Islands
France[edit]
Brazil (Rio de Janeiro briefly, and São Luís briefly)
(see France Antarctique and France Équinoxiale)
Iles Malouines (Falkland Islands)
French Guiana
Netherlands[edit]
Berbice (Guyana)
Demerara
Surinam (Suriname)
Essequibo
New Holland (Brazil – Half the capitanas)
Portugal[edit]
Brazil
Cisplatina (Uruguay)
French Guiana
Spain[edit]
Perú
New Granada
Río de la Plata
Chile
Bolivia
Paraguay
Venezuela
Colombia
Ecuador
Africa[edit]
Belgium[edit]
Belgian Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Lado Enclave
Ruanda-Urundi (Rwanda and Burundi)
Brandenburg[edit]
Arguin (in Mauritania)
Brandenburger Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)
Britain[edit]
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Sudan)
Basutoland (Lesotho)
Balleland (Benin)
Bechuanaland (Botswana)
British East Africa (Kenya)
British Somaliland (northern Somalia)
British Togoland (eastern Ghana)
British Cameroons (split between Nigeria and Cameroon)
British Egypt
Khedivate of Egypt
Sultanate of Egypt
Kingdom of Egypt
Gambia Colony and Protectorate
Gold Coast (Ghana)
Colonial Nigeria
Niger Coast Protectorate
Northern Nigeria Protectorate
Southern Nigeria Protectorate
Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria
Northern Rhodesia (Zambia)
Nyasaland (Malawi)
Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate
South Africa
British Cape Colony
Colony of Natal
Orange Free State
Transvaal Colony
South-West Africa (Namibia)
Walvis Bay
Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)
Swaziland
Tanganyika Territory (mainland Tanzania)
Uganda Protectorate
Sultanate of Zanzibar (insular Tanzania)
Courland[edit]
St. Andrews Island (in Gambia)
Denmark-Norway[edit]
Danish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)
France[edit]
Albreda (in Gambia)
Dahomey (Benin)
French Algeria
French Cameroons (91% of modern Cameroon)
French Chad
French Congo (Republic of Congo)
French Guinea (Guinea)
French Upper Volta (Republic of Upper Volta, Burkina Faso)
French Somaliland (Djibouti)
French Sudan (Mali)
French Togoland (Togo)
Gabon
Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)
Malagasy Protectorate
Colonial Mauritania
French protectorate in Morocco (89% of Morocco)
Niger
Oubangui-Chari (Central African Republic)
Senegambia and Niger(
Upper Senegal and Niger
Colony of Niger
French protectorate of Tunisia
Germany[edit]
German East Africa (Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania)
German South-West Africa (Namibia)
Kamerun (split between Cameroon and Nigeria)
Togoland (split between Togo and Ghana)
Wituland
Italy[edit]
Italian East Africa
Italian Ethiopia
Italian Eritrea
Italian Somaliland
Italian Libya
Netherlands[edit]
Arguin Island (in Mauritania)
Dutch Cape Colony
Dutch Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana, including El Mina)
Dutch Loango-Angola (Luanda, Sonyo and Cabinda)
Gorée (Senegal)
Moçambique (Delagoa Bay)
São Tomé
South Africa
Portugal[edit]
Ajuda (Whydah, in Benin)
Angola
Annobon
Cabinda
Cape Verde
Ceuta
Gorée (in Senegal)
Malindi
Mombasa
Algarve Ultramar (Morocco)
Agadir
Alcacer Ceguer
Arzila
Azamor
Mazagan
Mogador
Safim
Nigeria (Lagos area)
Mozambique
Portuguese Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana)
Portuguese Guinea (Guinea-Bissau)
Quíloa
São Tomé and Príncipe
Tangier
Zanzibar
Ziguinchor
Spain[edit]
Bona
Bougie
Jerba
Fernando Po and Annobon (insular Equatorial Guinea)
Oran
Port Guinea
Rio Muni (mainland Equatorial Guinea)
Spanish North Africa
Spanish Protectorate in Morocco
Ceuta
Melilla
Spanish West Africa
Río de Oro
Saguia el-Hamra
Tarfaya Strip
Ifni
Sweden[edit]
Swedish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)
Indian Ocean[edit]
Britain[edit]
Mauritius
France[edit]
French Comoros
Isle de France (now Mauritius)
French Madagascar
French Seychelles
Netherlands[edit]
Dutch Mauritius (now Mauritius)
Portugal[edit]
Laccadive Islands (Lakshadweep)
Maldive Islands
Socotra
Middle East[edit]
Britain[edit]
Aden Protectorate
Bahrain
British Egypt
Mandatory Iraq
Sheikhdom of Kuwait
Muscat and Oman
Mandatory Palestine
Qatar
South Arabia
Emirate of Transjordan
Trucial States
France[edit]
French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
Netherlands[edit]
Jemen, Al Mukha (Mocca)
Mesopotamia (Iraq, Al Basrah)
Portugal[edit]
Aden
Bandar Abbas
Hormuz
Manama
Muharraq Island
Muscat
Qeshm
Russia[edit]
Russian Armenia
Russian Azerbaijan
Russian Georgia
Indian Subcontinent[edit]
Austria[edit]
Nicobar Islands
Britain[edit]
British India (After independence from Britain,` British India became Pakistan (East and West) and India – later East Pakistan was to become Bangladesh)
Bangladesh
India
Pakistan
Burma (Myanmar)
Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
Denmark-Norway[edit]
Frederik Oerne Islands (Nicobar Islands)
Serampore
Tranquebar
France[edit]
India
Pondicherry, Karikal, Yanaon, Mahé, and Chandernagore
Netherlands[edit]
Bangladesh (Dutch Bengal)
Burma (Myanmar) (Mrohaung (Arakan), Siriangh, Syriam, Ava, Martaban)
Ceylon
India (Dutch Bengal, Suratte, Malabar, Coromandel)
Portugal[edit]
Bombay
Calicut
Cambay
Cannanore
Ceylon (Cilão)
Chaul
Chittagong
Cochin
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Daman and Diu
Goa
Hughli
Masulipatnam
Mangalore
Surat
Syriam
Asia-Pacific[edit]
Britain[edit]
Australia
New South Wales
Queensland
South Australia
Swan River Colony/Western Australia
Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania)
Victoria
British Solomon Islands
British Western Pacific Territories
Brunei
Colonial Fiji
Gilbert and Ellice Islands (Kiribati & Tuvalu)
Kingdom of Rarotonga (Cook Islands)
New Zealand
Auckland Islands
New Hebrides
Niue
Malaysia
British Malaya
Federated Malay States
Straits Settlements
Unfederated Malay States
British Borneo
North Borneo
Kingdom of Sarawak
Nauru
Singapore
Territory of Papua and New Guinea
Territory of New Guinea
Western Samoa
Phoenix Islands (part of Kiribati)
Solomon Islands
Territory of Papua
Tokelau
Tonga
Hong Kong
New Hebrides (Vanuatu, condominium with France)
Belgium[edit]
Tientsin (concession territory)
France[edit]
East Asia
Kwang-Chou-Wan (廣州灣) leased territory, now the city of Zhanjiang (Guangdong province)
French settlements (concessions) in Shanghai, Guangdong, Tianjin, and Hankou
French zone of influence officially recognized by China over the provinces of Yunnan, Guangxi, Hainan, and Guangdong
Indochina
Cambodia
Laos
Vietnam
Annam
Cochinchina
Tonkin
New Hebrides (Vanuatu, condominium with Britain)
Germany[edit]
Bismarck Archipelago
Caroline Islands (Karolinen)
German Samoa
Jiaozhou Bay (Kiautschou)
Kaiser-Wilhelmsland
Marshall Islands
Nauru
North Solomon Islands
Northern Marianas Islands (Marianen)
Palau
Italy[edit]
Tientsin (concession)
Netherlands[edit]
Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)
Malacca
Taiwan (Tayowan)
Portugal[edit]
Flores
Macau
Malacca
Moluccas
Ambon
Ternate
Tidore
Portuguese Timor (Timor-Leste)
Russia[edit]
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Spain[edit]
Spanish East Indies
Philippines
Marianas Islands (Ladrones)
Guam
Northern Marianas Islands
Caroline Islands
Marshall Islands
Europe[edit]
Austria[edit]
Austrian Netherlands
Saarland or Saar (protectorate)
Britain[edit]
Corsica (the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom was a protectorate or in personal union with Britain)
Cyprus
Heligoland
Ionian islands
Ireland (Originally as the Lordship of Ireland)
Malta
Menorca
Denmark[edit]
Danish Estonia
Iceland
Greece[edit]
Magna Graecia
Italy[edit]
See also: Colonia (Roman), Venetian Empire, and Genoese Empire
Albania
Dodecanese
Norway[edit]
See also: Viking expansion
Faroe Islands
Hebrides
Iceland
Isle of Man
Orkney
Shetland
Russia[edit]
Belarus
Finland
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Moldova
Ukraine
Poland
USSR
Baltic States
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Eastern Europe
Belarus
Ukraine
Moldova
Transcaucasia
Georgia
Azerbaijan
Armenia
Central Asia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Spain[edit]
Spanish Netherlands
Crown of Castile
Gibraltar
Crown of Aragon
Duchy of Milan
Sweden[edit]
Main article: Dominions of Sweden
Swedish Estonia
Swedish Finland
Swedish Ingria
Swedish Livonia
Swedish Pomerania
See also[edit]
Austrian colonial policy
Belgian colonial empire
British colonial empire
Danish colonial empire
Dutch colonial empire
French colonial empire
German colonial empire
List of former German colonies
Italian colonial empire
Portuguese colonial empire
Evolution of the Portuguese Empire
Spanish colonial empire
Swedish colonial empire
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ruperts-land/
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_former_European_colonies&oldid=838415912"
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Kelly Reno
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Kelly Reno
Born
(1966-06-19) June 19, 1966 (age 51)
Pueblo, Colorado, U.S.
Occupation
Actor, rancher, trucker
Years active
1979–1985
Spouse(s)
Lynette Tuttle (m. 1986; div. 1996)
Annette Crump (m. 1998; div. 2005)
Dawn Hickey (m. 2007)
Children
Three (with Tuttle) One stepdaughter (with Hickey)
Kelly Reno (born June 19, 1966, in Pueblo, Colorado)[citation needed] is a former child actor who was cast at age 11 in the role of Alec Ramsey, the young boy who is marooned on a deserted island along with a horse, in The Black Stallion (based on the novel by Walter Farley). The film was made in 1977.
Reno also appeared in the 1983 film adaptation of The Black Stallion Returns, alongside Vincent Spano.
Reno's acting career was cut short when the pick-up truck he was driving was hit by a semi-truck. He had severe injuries and the long recovery time put an end to his acting career. In 1985 he appeared as an Alamo messenger who travels through time in an episode entitled "Alamo Jobe" in Steven Spielberg's Amazing Stories.
After 20 years as a cattle rancher, he became a semi-truck driver. He lives in Colorado with his third wife and her daughter (Shaina).
Contents
[hide]
1 Filmography
1.1 Films
1.2 Television
2 Bibliography
3 External links
Filmography[edit]
Films[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1979 The Black Stallion Alec Ramsey
1983 The Black Stallion Returns
Brady's Escape Miki
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1983 The Merv Griffin Show Himself
1985 Amazing Stories (TV series) Alamo Jobe
Bibliography[edit]
Holmstrom, John. The Moving Picture Boy: An International Encyclopaedia from 1895 to 1995. Norwich, Michael Russell, 1996, p. 372-373.
External links[edit]
Kelly Reno on IMDb
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 66074482
LCCN: no97030641
ISNI: 0000 0000 4190 156X
GND: 1031749829
BNF: cb142199525 (data)
BIBSYS: 11050985
This article about a United States film actor or actress born in the 1960s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
v
t
e
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kelly_Reno&oldid=831587328"
Categories:
1966 births
Living people
American male child actors
People from Pueblo, Colorado
Truck drivers
American film actor, 1960s birth stubs
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Articles lacking reliable references from November 2015
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You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby"
Featured in the 1938 film Hard to Get
Song by Dick Powell
Published
1938
Composer(s)
Harry Warren
Lyricist(s)
Johnny Mercer
"You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby" is a popular song with music by Harry Warren and lyrics by Johnny Mercer, published in 1938 by Remick Music Corporation. It was featured in the Warner Brothers movie Hard to Get, released November 1938, in which it was sung by Dick Powell.[1]
Originally, the song was recorded by Bing Crosby for the biggest-selling hit version,[1][2] while other contemporaneous hit versions included recordings by Tommy Dorsey (with vocal by Edythe Wright) and Russ Morgan.[1] It was also revived by Bobby Darin in 1961, reaching the charts again that year.[1] The song has been recorded by many other artists (see below for a partial list) and is considered a popular standard. It was used frequently in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons, also produced by Warner Brothers, under the musical direction of Carl W. Stalling.[3]
Recorded versions[edit]
Russ Morgan and his orchestra (recorded August 26, 1938, released by Decca Records as catalog number 2125A,[1] with the flip side "This Is Madness"[4])
Tommy Dorsey and his Clambake 7 with vocal by Edythe Wright (recorded September 29, 1938, released by Victor Records as catalog number 26066,[1] with the flip side "Sailing at Midnight"[5])
Blue Barron and his orchestra (recorded October 1, 1938, released by Bluebird Records as catalog number 7886[6] and by Montgomery Ward Records as catalog number 7537,[7] both with the flip side "It's Time to Say Aloha"[6][7])
Bing Crosby (recorded October 14, 1938,[8] released by Decca Records as catalog number 2147A,[1] with the flip side "Summertime"[4])
Chick Bullock (recorded October 20, 1938, released by Conqueror Records as catalog number 9149, with the flip side "I Won't Tell a Soul"[9])
Dorothy Carless and Sam Costa ("two voices and a piano") in February 1939, released by Regal Zonophone (MR 2984).
Robert Clary (released by Capitol Records as catalog number 891, with the flip side "Alouette"[10])
Perry Como (recorded March 21, 1946, released by RCA Victor Records as catalog number 20-1916, with the flip side "A Garden in the Rain"[11])
Bobby Darin (recorded on June 19, 1961 released as Atco 6206, with the flip side "Sorrow Tomorrow";[12] the biggest hit version, reaching U.S. #5 and UK #10)
Joe Loss & his Band with vocal by Chick Henderson (recorded January 21, 1939 released on Regal Zonophone MR-2992)
The Dave Clark Five (released in 1967 as a U.S. single on Epic Records, catalog number 10179, with the flip side "Man in the Pin-Stripe Suit"). Their version peaked at number thirty-five and was their seventeenth and final Top 40 hit [13]
Johnny Mercer (recorded January, 1974, released on the album My Huckleberry Friend.)
Red Norvo and his orchestra (vocal: Mildred Bailey; released by Brunswick Records as catalog number 8240, with the flip side "Just You, Just Me"[14])
Bob Smith and the Herman Chittison Trio (released by RCA Victor Records as catalog number 20-2266, with the flip side "Where's Sam?"[15])
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Gardner, Edward Foote (2000). Popular Songs of the 20th Century: Chart Detail & Encyclopedia, 1900-1949. St. Paul, Minnesota: Paragon House. ISBN 1-55778-789-1.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1999). Joel Whitburn Presents a Century of Pop Music. Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research. ISBN 0-89820-135-7.
Jump up ^ http://www.alfred.com/Products/The-Looney-Tunes-Songbook--00-35330.aspx
^ Jump up to: a b Decca Records in the 2000 to 2499 series
Jump up ^ Victor Records in the 26000 to 26499 series
^ Jump up to: a b Bluebird Records in the 7500 to 7999 series
^ Jump up to: a b Montgomery Ward Records in the 7500 to 7999 series
Jump up ^ "A Bing Crosby Discography". BING magazine. International Club Crosby. Retrieved August 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Conqueror Records in the 9000 to 9499 series
Jump up ^ Capitol Records in the 500 to 999 series
Jump up ^ RCA Victor Records in the 20-1500 to 20-1999 series
Jump up ^ Atco Records in the 6050 to 6792 series
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits: Eighth Edition. Record Research. p. 129.
Jump up ^ Brunswick Records in the 8000 to 8517 series
Jump up ^ RCA Victor Records in the 20-2000 to 20-2499 series
[show]
v
t
e
Bobby Darin
Discography
Studio albums
Bobby Darin (1958)
That's All (1960)
This is Darin (1960)
For Teenagers Only (1960)
The 25th Day of December (1960)
Two of a Kind (1961)
Love Swings (1961)
Twist with Bobby Darin (1961)
Bobby Darin Sings Ray Charles (1962)
Things and Other Things (1962)
Oh! Look at Me Now (1962)
You're the Reason I'm Living (1963)
It's You or No One (1963)
18 Yellow Roses (1963)
Earthy! (1963)
Golden Folk Hits (1963)
Winners (1964)
From Hello Dolly to Goodbye Charlie (1964)
Venice Blue (1965)
Bobby Darin Sings The Shadow of Your Smile (1966)
In a Broadway Bag (Mame) (1966)
If I Were a Carpenter (1966)
Inside Out (1967)
Bobby Darin Sings Doctor Dolittle (1967)
Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto (1968)
Commitment (1969)
Live albums
Darin at the Copa (1960)
Live at the Desert Inn (1987)
Compilation albums
The Bobby Darin Story (1961)
Aces Back to Back (2004)
Singles
"Splish Splash"
"Early in the Morning"
"Dream Lover"
"Mack the Knife"
"Beyond the Sea"
"You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby"
"Things"
"You're the Reason I'm Living"
"If I Were a Carpenter"
"Darlin' Be Home Soon"
Related articles
Beyond the Sea (film)
Dream Lover: The Bobby Darin Musical
Book:Bobby Darin
[show]
v
t
e
Bing Crosby
Discography
Filmography
Albums
Music of Hawaii (1939)
Victor Herbert Melodies, Vol. One (1939)
Patriotic Songs for Children (1939)
Cowboy Songs (1939)
Victor Herbert Melodies, Vol. Two (1939)
George Gershwin Songs, Vol. One (1939)
Ballad for Americans (1940)
Favorite Hawaiian Songs (1940)
Christmas Music (1940)
Star Dust (1940)
Hawaii Calls (1941)
Small Fry (1941)
Crosbyana (1941)
Under Western Skies (1941)
Song Hits from Holiday Inn (w/ Fred Astaire) (1942)
Merry Christmas (1945)
Selections from Going My Way (1945)
Selections from The Bells of St. Mary's (1946)
Don't Fence Me In (1946)
The Happy Prince (1946)
Selections from Road to Utopia (1946)
Bing Crosby – Stephen Foster (1946)
What We So Proudly Hail (1946)
Favorite Hawaiian Songs, Vol. One (1946)
Favorite Hawaiian Songs, Vol. Two (1946)
Blue Skies (w/ Fred Astaire) (1946)
Bing Crosby – Jerome Kern (1946)
St. Patrick's Day (1947)
Bing Crosby – Victor Herbert (1947)
Selections from Welcome Stranger (1947)
Our Common Heritage (1947)
El Bingo (1947)
The Small One (1947)
The Man Without a Country (1947)
Drifting and Dreaming (1947)
Blue of the Night (1948)
Selections from Showboat (1948)
The Emperor Waltz (1948)
St. Valentine's Day (1948)
Bing Crosby Sings with Al Jolson, Bob Hope, Dick Haymes and the Andrews Sisters (1948)
Selections from Road to Rio (1948)
Bing Crosby Sings with Judy Garland, Mary Martin, Johnny Mercer (1948)
Bing Crosby Sings with Lionel Hampton, Eddie Heywood, Louis Jordan (1948)
Auld Lang Syne (1948)
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1949)
Bing Crosby Sings Songs by George Gershwin (1949)
South Pacific (1949)
Christmas Greetings (1949)
Ichabod – The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1949)
Top o' the Morning / Emperor Waltz (1949)
Songs from Mr. Music (1950)
Go West Young Man (1950)
Le Bing: Song Hits of Paris (1953)
Some Fine Old Chestnuts (1954)
Selections from White Christmas (1954)
Bing: A Musical Autobiography (1954)
High Tor (1956)
A Christmas Sing with Bing Around the World (1956)
High Society (w/ Frank Sinatra, Grace Kelly, and Louis Armstrong) (1956)
Songs I Wish I Had Sung the First Time Around (1956)
Bing Sings Whilst Bregman Swings (1956)
Bing with a Beat (1957)
A Christmas Story (1957)
Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (1957)
Never Be Afraid (1957)
Jack B. Nimble – A Mother Goose Fantasy (1957)
New Tricks (1957)
Fancy Meeting You Here ( w/ Rosemary Clooney) (1958)
How the West Was Won (1959)
Bing & Satchmo (w/ Louis Armstrong) (1960)
101 Gang Songs (1960)
Holiday in Europe (1960)
The Road to Hong Kong (1962)
On the Happy Side (1962)
On the Sentimental Side (1962)
I Wish You a Merry Christmas (1962)
Reprise Musical Repertory Theatre (1963)
Return to Paradise Islands (1963)
Bing Crosby Sings the Great Country Hits (1963)
America, I Hear You Singing (w/ Frank Sinatra and Fred Waring) (1964)
12 Songs of Christmas (w/ Frank Sinatra and Fred Waring) (1964)
That Travelin' Two-Beat (w/ Rosemary Clooney) (1965)
Bing 'n' Basie (w/ Count Basie) (1972)
A Couple of Song and Dance Men (w/ Fred Astaire) (1975)
Seasons (1977)
Bing Crosby: The Voice of Christmas (1998)
Family
Dixie Lee (first wife)
Gary Crosby (son)
Dennis Crosby (son)
Phillip Crosby (son)
Lindsay Crosby (daughter)
Kathryn Crosby (second wife)
Harry Crosby (son)
Mary Crosby (daughter)
Nathaniel Crosby (son)
Denise Crosby (granddaughter)
Larry Crosby (brother)
Bob Crosby (brother)
Related
Songs Bing Crosby recorded multiple times
A Tribute to Bing Crosby
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=You_Must_Have_Been_a_Beautiful_Baby&oldid=797262214"
Categories:
Songs with music by Harry Warren
1938 songs
Bobby Darin songs
Looney Tunes songs
Songs with lyrics by Johnny Mercer
Mildred Bailey songs
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