Question: What are the benefits of Authenticating?

Answer: AuthenticatingThis page provides an overview of authentication in Kubernetes, with a focus on authentication to the Kubernetes API.Users in KubernetesAll Kubernetes clusters have two categories of users: service accounts managed by Kubernetes, and normal users.It is assumed that a cluster-independent service manages normal users in the following ways:an administrator distributing private keysa user store like Keystone or Google Accountsa file with a list of usernames and passwordsIn this regard, Kubernetes does not have objects which represent normal user accounts. Normal users cannot be added to a cluster through an API call.Even though a normal user cannot be added via an API call, any user that presents a valid certificate signed by the cluster's certificate authority (CA) is considered authenticated. In this configuration, Kubernetes determines the username from the common name field in the 'subject' of the cert (e.g., "/CN=bob"). From there, the role based access control (RBAC) sub-system would determine whether the user is authorized to perform a specific operation on a resource.In contrast, service accounts are users managed by the Kubernetes API. They are bound to specific namespaces, and created automatically by the API server or manually through API calls. Service accounts are tied to a set of credentials stored as Secrets, which are mounted into pods allowing in-cluster processes to talk to the Kubernetes API.API requests are tied to either a normal user or a service account, or are treated as anonymous requests. This means every process inside or outside the cluster, from a human user typing kubectl on a workstation, to kubelets on nodes, to members of the control plane, must authenticate when making requests to the API server, or be treated as an anonymous user.Authentication strategiesKubernetes uses client certificates, bearer tokens, or an authenticating proxy to authenticate API requests through authentication plugins. As HTTP requests are made to the API server, plugins attempt to associate the following attributes with the request:Username: a string which identifies the end user. Common values might be kube-admin or jane@example.com.UID: a string which identifies the end user and attempts to be more consistent and unique than username.Groups: a set of strings, each of which indicates the user's membership in a named logical collection of users. Common values might be system:masters or devops-team.Extra fields: a map of strings to list of strings which holds additional information authorizers may find useful.Note:All values are opaque to the authentication system and only hold significance when interpreted by an authorizer.Authentication methodsYou can enable multiple authentication methods at once. You should usually use at least two methods:service account tokens for service accountsat least one other method for user authentication.When multiple authenticator modules are enabled, the first module to successfully authenticate t


Question: What is Authenticating?

Answer: T h i s   p a g e   p r o v i d e s   a n   o v e r v i e w   o f   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   i n   K u b e r n e t e s ,   w i t h   a   f o c u s   o n   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   t o   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I .


Question: What is Users in Kubernetes?

Answer: A l l   K u b e r n e t e s   c l u s t e r s   h a v e   t w o   c a t e g o r i e s   o f   u s e r s :   s e r v i c e   a c c o u n t s   m a n a g e d   b y   K u b e r n e t e s ,   a n d   n o r m a l   u s e r s .   I t   i s   a s s u m e d   t h a t   a   c l u s t e r - i n d e p e n d e n t   s e r v i c e   m a n a g e s   n o r m a l   u s e r s   i n   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   w a y s :   a n   a d m i n i s t r a t o r   d i s t r i b u t i n g   p r i v a t e   k e y s a   u s e r   s t o r e   l i k e   K e y s t o n e   o r   G o o g l e   A c c o u n t s a   f i l e   w i t h   a   l i s t   o f   u s e r n a m e s   a n d   p a s s w o r d s   I n   t h i s   r e g a r d ,   K u b e r n e t e s   d o e s   n o t   h a v e   o b j e c t s   w h i c h   r e p r e s e n t   n o r m a l   u s e r   a c c o u n t s .   N o r m a l   u s e r s   c a n n o t   b e   a d d e d   t o   a   c l u s t e r   t h r o u g h   a n   A P I   c a l l .   E v e n   t h o u g h   a   n o r m a l   u s e r   c a n n o t   b e   a d d e d   v i a   a n   A P I   c a l l ,   a n y   u s e r   t h a t   p r e s e n t s   a   v a l i d   c e r t i f i c a t e   s i g n e d   b y   t h e   c l u s t e r ' s   c e r t i f i c a t e   a u t h o r i t y   ( C A )   i s   c o n s i d e r e d   a u t h e n t i c a t e d .   I n   t h i s   c o n f i g u r a t i o n ,   K u b e r n e t e s   d e t e r m i n e s   t h e   u s e r n a m e   f r o m   t h e   c o m m o n   n a m e   f i e l d   i n   t h e   ' s u b j e c t '   o f   t h e   c e r t   ( e . g . ,   " / C N = b o b " ) .   F r o m   t h e r e ,   t h e   r o l e   b a s e d   a c c e s s   c o n t r o l   ( R B A C )   s u b - s y s t e m   w o u l d   d e t e r m i n e   w h e t h e r   t h e   u s e r   i s   a u t h o r i z e d   t o   p e r f o r m   a   s p e c i f i c   o p e r a t i o n   o n   a   r e s o u r c e .   I n   c o n t r a s t ,   s e r v i c e   a c c o u n t s   a r e   u s e r s   m a n


Question: What is Authentication strategies?

Answer: K u b e r n e t e s   u s e s   c l i e n t   c e r t i f i c a t e s ,   b e a r e r   t o k e n s ,   o r   a n   a u t h e n t i c a t i n g   p r o x y   t o   a u t h e n t i c a t e   A P I   r e q u e s t s   t h r o u g h   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   p l u g i n s .   A s   H T T P   r e q u e s t s   a r e   m a d e   t o   t h e   A P I   s e r v e r ,   p l u g i n s   a t t e m p t   t o   a s s o c i a t e   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   a t t r i b u t e s   w i t h   t h e   r e q u e s t :   U s e r n a m e :   a   s t r i n g   w h i c h   i d e n t i f i e s   t h e   e n d   u s e r .   C o m m o n   v a l u e s   m i g h t   b e   k u b e - a d m i n   o r   j a n e @ e x a m p l e . c o m . U I D :   a   s t r i n g   w h i c h   i d e n t i f i e s   t h e   e n d   u s e r   a n d   a t t e m p t s   t o   b e   m o r e   c o n s i s t e n t   a n d   u n i q u e   t h a n   u s e r n a m e . G r o u p s :   a   s e t   o f   s t r i n g s ,   e a c h   o f   w h i c h   i n d i c a t e s   t h e   u s e r ' s   m e m b e r s h i p   i n   a   n a m e d   l o g i c a l   c o l l e c t i o n   o f   u s e r s .   C o m m o n   v a l u e s   m i g h t   b e   s y s t e m : m a s t e r s   o r   d e v o p s - t e a m . E x t r a   f i e l d s :   a   m a p   o f   s t r i n g s   t o   l i s t   o f   s t r i n g s   w h i c h   h o l d s   a d d i t i o n a l   i n f o r m a t i o n   a u t h o r i z e r s   m a y   f i n d   u s e f u l .


Question: What is Authentication methods?

Answer: Y o u   c a n   e n a b l e   m u l t i p l e   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   m e t h o d s   a t   o n c e .   Y o u   s h o u l d   u s u a l l y   u s e   a t   l e a s t   t w o   m e t h o d s :   s e r v i c e   a c c o u n t   t o k e n s   f o r   s e r v i c e   a c c o u n t s a t   l e a s t   o n e   o t h e r   m e t h o d   f o r   u s e r   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n .   W h e n   m u l t i p l e   a u t h e n t i c a t o r   m o d u l e s   a r e   e n a b l e d ,   t h e   f i r s t   m o d u l e   t o   s u c c e s s f u l l y   a u t h e n t i c a t e   t h e   r e q u e s t   s h o r t - c i r c u i t s   e v a l u a t i o n .   T h e   A P I   s e r v e r   d o e s   n o t   g u a r a n t e e   t h e   o r d e r   a u t h e n t i c a t o r s   r u n   i n .   T h e   s y s t e m : a u t h e n t i c a t e d   g r o u p   i s   i n c l u d e d   i n   t h e   l i s t   o f   g r o u p s   f o r   a l l   a u t h e n t i c a t e d   u s e r s .   I n t e g r a t i o n s   w i t h   o t h e r   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   p r o t o c o l s   ( L D A P ,   S A M L ,   K e r b e r o s ,   a l t e r n a t e   x 5 0 9   s c h e m e s ,   e t c )   a r e   a v a i l a b l e ;   f o r   e x a m p l e   u s i n g   a n   a u t h e n t i c a t i n g   p r o x y   o r   t h e   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   w e b h o o k .


Question: What is X.509 client certificates?

Answer: C l i e n t   c e r t i f i c a t e   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   i s   e n a b l e d   b y   p a s s i n g   t h e   - - c l i e n t - c a - f i l e = S O M E F I L E   o p t i o n   t o   A P I   s e r v e r .   T h e   r e f e r e n c e d   f i l e   m u s t   c o n t a i n   o n e   o r   m o r e   c e r t i f i c a t e   a u t h o r i t i e s   t o   u s e   t o   v a l i d a t e   c l i e n t   c e r t i f i c a t e s   p r e s e n t e d   t o   t h e   A P I   s e r v e r .   I f   a   c l i e n t   c e r t i f i c a t e   i s   p r e s e n t e d   a n d   v e r i f i e d ,   t h e   c o m m o n   n a m e   o f   t h e   s u b j e c t   i s   u s e d   a s   t h e   u s e r   n a m e   f o r   t h e   r e q u e s t .   A s   o f   K u b e r n e t e s   1 . 4 ,   c l i e n t   c e r t i f i c a t e s   c a n   a l s o   i n d i c a t e   a   u s e r ' s   g r o u p   m e m b e r s h i p s   u s i n g   t h e   c e r t i f i c a t e ' s   o r g a n i z a t i o n   f i e l d s .   T o   i n c l u d e   m u l t i p l e   g r o u p   m e m b e r s h i p s   f o r   a   u s e r ,   i n c l u d e   m u l t i p l e   o r g a n i z a t i o n   f i e l d s   i n   t h e   c e r t i f i c a t e .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   u s i n g   t h e   o p e n s s l   c o m m a n d   l i n e   t o o l   t o   g e n e r a t e   a   c e r t i f i c a t e   s i g n i n g   r e q u e s t :   o p e n s s l   r e q   - n e w   - k e y   j b e d a . p e m   - o u t   j b e d a - c s r . p e m   - s u b j   " / C N = j b e d a / O = a p p 1 / O = a p p 2 "   T h i s   w o u l d   c r e a t e   a   C S R   f o r   t h e   u s e r n a m e   " j b e d a " ,   b e l o n g i n g   t o   t w o   g r o u p s ,   " a p p 1 "   a n d   " a p p 2 " .   S e e   M a n a g i n g   C e r t i f i c a t e s   f o r   h o w   t o   g e n e r a t e   a   c l i e n t   c e r t .


Question: What is Putting a bearer token in a request?

Answer: W h e n   u s i n g   b e a r e r   t o k e n   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   f r o m   a n   h t t p   c l i e n t ,   t h e   A P I   s e r v e r   e x p e c t s   a n   A u t h o r i z a t i o n   h e a d e r   w i t h   a   v a l u e   o f   B e a r e r   < t o k e n > .   T h e   b e a r e r   t o k e n   m u s t   b e   a   c h a r a c t e r   s e q u e n c e   t h a t   c a n   b e   p u t   i n   a n   H T T P   h e a d e r   v a l u e   u s i n g   n o   m o r e   t h a n   t h e   e n c o d i n g   a n d   q u o t i n g   f a c i l i t i e s   o f   H T T P .   F o r   e x a m p l e :   i f   t h e   b e a r e r   t o k e n   i s   3 1 a d a 4 f d - a d e c - 4 6 0 c - 8 0 9 a - 9 e 5 6 c e b 7 5 2 6 9   t h e n   i t   w o u l d   a p p e a r   i n   a n   H T T P   h e a d e r   a s   s h o w n   b e l o w .   A u t h o r i z a t i o n :   B e a r e r   3 1 a d a 4 f d - a d e c - 4 6 0 c - 8 0 9 a - 9 e 5 6 c e b 7 5 2 6 9


Question: What is Bootstrap tokens?

Answer: T o   a l l o w   f o r   s t r e a m l i n e d   b o o t s t r a p p i n g   f o r   n e w   c l u s t e r s ,   K u b e r n e t e s   i n c l u d e s   a   d y n a m i c a l l y - m a n a g e d   B e a r e r   t o k e n   t y p e   c a l l e d   a   B o o t s t r a p   T o k e n .   T h e s e   t o k e n s   a r e   s t o r e d   a s   S e c r e t s   i n   t h e   k u b e - s y s t e m   n a m e s p a c e ,   w h e r e   t h e y   c a n   b e   d y n a m i c a l l y   m a n a g e d   a n d   c r e a t e d .   C o n t r o l l e r   M a n a g e r   c o n t a i n s   a   T o k e n C l e a n e r   c o n t r o l l e r   t h a t   d e l e t e s   b o o t s t r a p   t o k e n s   a s   t h e y   e x p i r e .   T h e   t o k e n s   a r e   o f   t h e   f o r m   [ a - z 0 - 9 ] { 6 } . [ a - z 0 - 9 ] { 1 6 } .   T h e   f i r s t   c o m p o n e n t   i s   a   T o k e n   I D   a n d   t h e   s e c o n d   c o m p o n e n t   i s   t h e   T o k e n   S e c r e t .   Y o u   s p e c i f y   t h e   t o k e n   i n   a n   H T T P   h e a d e r   a s   f o l l o w s :   A u t h o r i z a t i o n :   B e a r e r   7 8 1 2 9 2 . d b 7 b c 3 a 5 8 f c 5 f 0 7 e   Y o u   m u s t   e n a b l e   t h e   B o o t s t r a p   T o k e n   A u t h e n t i c a t o r   w i t h   t h e   - - e n a b l e - b o o t s t r a p - t o k e n - a u t h   f l a g   o n   t h e   A P I   S e r v e r .   Y o u   m u s t   e n a b l e   t h e   T o k e n C l e a n e r   c o n t r o l l e r   v i a   t h e   - - c o n t r o l l e r s   c o m m a n d   l i n e   a r g u m e n t   f o r   k u b e - c o n t r o l l e r - m a n a g e r .   T h i s   i s   d o n e   w i t h   s o m e t h i n g   l i k e   - - c o n t r o l l e r s = * , t o k e n c l e a n e r .   T h e   k u b e a d m   t o o l   w i l l   d o   t h i s   f o r   y o u   i f   y o u   a r e   u s i n g   i t   t o   b o o t s t r a p   a   c l u s t e r .   T h e   a u t h e n t i c a t o r   a u t h e n t i c a t e s   a s


Question: What is Service account tokens?

Answer: A   s e r v i c e   a c c o u n t   i s   a n   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   e n a b l e d   a u t h e n t i c a t o r   t h a t   u s e s   s i g n e d   b e a r e r   t o k e n s   t o   v e r i f y   r e q u e s t s .   T h e   p l u g i n   t a k e s   t w o   o p t i o n a l   f l a g s :   - - s e r v i c e - a c c o u n t - k e y - f i l e   F i l e   c o n t a i n i n g   P E M - e n c o d e d   x 5 0 9   R S A   o r   E C D S A   p r i v a t e   o r   p u b l i c   k e y s ,   u s e d   t o   v e r i f y   S e r v i c e A c c o u n t   t o k e n s .   T h e   s p e c i f i e d   f i l e   c a n   c o n t a i n   m u l t i p l e   k e y s ,   a n d   t h e   f l a g   c a n   b e   s p e c i f i e d   m u l t i p l e   t i m e s   w i t h   d i f f e r e n t   f i l e s .   I f   u n s p e c i f i e d ,   - - t l s - p r i v a t e - k e y - f i l e   i s   u s e d . - - s e r v i c e - a c c o u n t - l o o k u p   I f   e n a b l e d ,   t o k e n s   w h i c h   a r e   d e l e t e d   f r o m   t h e   A P I   w i l l   b e   r e v o k e d .   S e r v i c e   a c c o u n t s   a r e   u s u a l l y   c r e a t e d   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   b y   t h e   A P I   s e r v e r   a n d   a s s o c i a t e d   w i t h   p o d s   r u n n i n g   i n   t h e   c l u s t e r   t h r o u g h   t h e   S e r v i c e A c c o u n t   A d m i s s i o n   C o n t r o l l e r .   B e a r e r   t o k e n s   a r e   m o u n t e d   i n t o   p o d s   a t   w e l l - k n o w n   l o c a t i o n s ,   a n d   a l l o w   i n - c l u s t e r   p r o c e s s e s   t o   t a l k   t o   t h e   A P I   s e r v e r .   A c c o u n t s   m a y   b e   e x p l i c i t l y   a s s o c i a t e d   w i t h   p o d s   u s i n g   t h e   s e r v i c e A c c o u n t N a m e   f i e l d   o f   a   P o d S p e c .


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: a p i V e r s i o n :   a p p s / v 1   #   t h i s   a p i V e r s i o n   i s   r e l e v a n t   a s   o f   K u b e r n e t e s   1 . 9   k i n d :   D e p l o y m e n t   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   n g i n x - d e p l o y m e n t   n a m e s p a c e :   d e f a u l t   s p e c :   r e p l i c a s :   3   t e m p l a t e :   m e t a d a t a :   #   . . .   s p e c :   s e r v i c e A c c o u n t N a m e :   b o b - t h e - b o t   c o n t a i n e r s :   -   n a m e :   n g i n x   i m a g e :   n g i n x : 1 . 1 4 . 2   S e r v i c e   a c c o u n t   b e a r e r   t o k e n s   a r e   p e r f e c t l y   v a l i d   t o   u s e   o u t s i d e   t h e   c l u s t e r   a n d   c a n   b e   u s e d   t o   c r e a t e   i d e n t i t i e s   f o r   l o n g   s t a n d i n g   j o b s   t h a t   w i s h   t o   t a l k   t o   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I .   T o   m a n u a l l y   c r e a t e   a   s e r v i c e   a c c o u n t ,   u s e   t h e   k u b e c t l   c r e a t e   s e r v i c e a c c o u n t   ( N A M E )   c o m m a n d .   T h i s   c r e a t e s   a   s e r v i c e   a c c o u n t   i n   t h e   c u r r e n t   n a m e s p a c e .   k u b e c t l   c r e a t e   s e r v i c e a c c o u n t   j e n k i n s   s e r v i c e a c c o u n t / j e n k i n s   c r e a t e d   Y o u   c a n   m a n u a l l y   c r e a t e   a n   a s s o c i a t e d   t o k e n :   k u b e c t l   c r e a t e   t o k e n   j e n k i n s   e y J h b G c i O i J S U z I 1 N i I s I m t p . . .   T h e   c r e a t e d   t o k e n   i s   a   s i g n e d   J S O N   W e b   T o k e n   ( J W T ) .   T h e   s i g n e d   J W T   c a n   b e   u s e d   a s   a   b e a r e r   t o k e n   t o   a u t h e n t i c a t e   a s   t h e   g i v e n   s e r v i c e   a c c o u n t .   S e e   a b o v e   f o r   h o w   t h e   t o k e n   i s   i n c l u d e d   i n   a   r e q u e s t .   N o r m a l l y   t h e s e   t o k e n s   a r e   m o u n t e d   i n t


Question: What is External integrations?

Answer: K u b e r n e t e s   h a s   n a t i v e   s u p p o r t   f o r   O p e n I D   C o n n e c t   ( O I D C ) ;   s e e   O p e n I D   C o n n e c t   t o k e n s .   I n t e g r a t i o n s   w i t h   o t h e r   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   p r o t o c o l s   ( f o r   e x a m p l e :   L D A P ,   S A M L ,   K e r b e r o s ,   a l t e r n a t e   X . 5 0 9   s c h e m e s )   c a n   b e   a c c o m p l i s h e d   u s i n g   a n   a u t h e n t i c a t i n g   p r o x y   o r   b y   i n t e g r a t i n g   w i t h   a n   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   w e b h o o k .   Y o u   c a n   a l s o   u s e   a n y   c u s t o m   m e t h o d   t h a t   i s s u e s   c l i e n t   X . 5 0 9   c e r t i f i c a t e s   t o   c l i e n t s ,   p r o v i d e d   t h a t   t h e   A P I   s e r v e r   w i l l   t r u s t   t h e   v a l i d   c e r t i f i c a t e s .   R e a d   X . 5 0 9   c l i e n t   c e r t i f i c a t e s   t o   l e a r n   a b o u t   h o w   t o   g e n e r a t e   a   c e r t i f i c a t e .   I f   y o u   d o   i s s u e   c e r t i f i c a t e s   t o   c l i e n t s ,   i t   i s   u p   t o   y o u   ( a s   a   c l o u d   p l a t f o r m   a d m i n i s t r a t o r )   t o   m a k e   s u r e   t h a t   t h e   c e r t i f i c a t e   v a l i d i t y   p e r i o d ,   a n d   o t h e r   d e s i g n   c h o i c e s   y o u   m a k e ,   p r o v i d e   a   s u i t a b l e   l e v e l   o f   s e c u r i t y .


Question: What is OpenID Connect tokens?

Answer: O p e n I D   C o n n e c t   i s   a   f l a v o r   o f   O A u t h 2   s u p p o r t e d   b y   s o m e   O A u t h 2   p r o v i d e r s ,   n o t a b l y   M i c r o s o f t   E n t r a   I D ,   S a l e s f o r c e ,   a n d   G o o g l e .   T h e   p r o t o c o l ' s   m a i n   e x t e n s i o n   o f   O A u t h 2   i s   a n   a d d i t i o n a l   f i e l d   r e t u r n e d   w i t h   t h e   a c c e s s   t o k e n   c a l l e d   a n   I D   T o k e n .   T h i s   t o k e n   i s   a   J S O N   W e b   T o k e n   ( J W T )   w i t h   w e l l   k n o w n   f i e l d s ,   s u c h   a s   a   u s e r ' s   e m a i l ,   s i g n e d   b y   t h e   s e r v e r .   T o   i d e n t i f y   t h e   u s e r ,   t h e   a u t h e n t i c a t o r   u s e s   t h e   i d _ t o k e n   ( n o t   t h e   a c c e s s _ t o k e n )   f r o m   t h e   O A u t h 2   t o k e n   r e s p o n s e   a s   a   b e a r e r   t o k e n .   S e e   a b o v e   f o r   h o w   t h e   t o k e n   i s   i n c l u d e d   i n   a   r e q u e s t .   L o g   i n   t o   y o u r   i d e n t i t y   p r o v i d e r Y o u r   i d e n t i t y   p r o v i d e r   w i l l   p r o v i d e   y o u   w i t h   a n   a c c e s s _ t o k e n ,   i d _ t o k e n   a n d   a   r e f r e s h _ t o k e n W h e n   u s i n g   k u b e c t l ,   u s e   y o u r   i d _ t o k e n   w i t h   t h e   - - t o k e n   c o m m a n d   l i n e   a r g u m e n t   o r   a d d   i t   d i r e c t l y   t o   y o u r   k u b e c o n f i g k u b e c t l   s e n d s   y o u r   i d _ t o k e n   i n   a   h e a d e r   c a l l e d   A u t h o r i z a t i o n   t o   t h e   A P I   s e r v e r T h e   A P I   s e r v e r   w i l l   m a k e   s u r e   t h e   J W T   s i g n a t u r e   i s   v a l i d C h e c k   t o   m a k e   s u r e   t h e   i d _ t o k e n   h a s n ' t   e x p i r e d P e r f o r m   c l a i m   a n d / o r   u s e r   v a l i d a t i o n   i f   C E L   e x p r e s s i o


Question: What is Using command line arguments?

Answer: T o   e n a b l e   t h e   p l u g i n ,   c o n f i g u r e   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   c o m m a n d   l i n e   a r g u m e n t s   f o r   t h e   A P I   s e r v e r :


Question: What is Authentication configuration from a file?

Answer: J W T   A u t h e n t i c a t o r   i s   a n   a u t h e n t i c a t o r   t o   a u t h e n t i c a t e   K u b e r n e t e s   u s e r s   u s i n g   J W T   c o m p l i a n t   t o k e n s .   T h e   a u t h e n t i c a t o r   w i l l   a t t e m p t   t o   p a r s e   a   r a w   I D   t o k e n ,   v e r i f y   i t ' s   b e e n   s i g n e d   b y   t h e   c o n f i g u r e d   i s s u e r .   T h e   p u b l i c   k e y   t o   v e r i f y   t h e   s i g n a t u r e   i s   d i s c o v e r e d   f r o m   t h e   i s s u e r ' s   p u b l i c   e n d p o i n t   u s i n g   O I D C   d i s c o v e r y .   T h e   m i n i m u m   v a l i d   J W T   p a y l o a d   m u s t   c o n t a i n   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   c l a i m s :   {   " i s s " :   " h t t p s : / / e x a m p l e . c o m " ,   / /   m u s t   m a t c h   t h e   i s s u e r . u r l   " a u d " :   [ " m y - a p p " ] ,   / /   a t   l e a s t   o n e   o f   t h e   e n t r i e s   i n   i s s u e r . a u d i e n c e s   m u s t   m a t c h   t h e   " a u d "   c l a i m   i n   p r e s e n t e d   J W T s .   " e x p " :   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ,   / /   t o k e n   e x p i r a t i o n   a s   U n i x   t i m e   ( t h e   n u m b e r   o f   s e c o n d s   e l a p s e d   s i n c e   J a n u a r y   1 ,   1 9 7 0   U T C )   " < u s e r n a m e - c l a i m > " :   " u s e r "   / /   t h i s   i s   t h e   u s e r n a m e   c l a i m   c o n f i g u r e d   i n   t h e   c l a i m M a p p i n g s . u s e r n a m e . c l a i m   o r   c l a i m M a p p i n g s . u s e r n a m e . e x p r e s s i o n   }   T h e   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   f i l e   a p p r o a c h   a l l o w s   y o u   t o   c o n f i g u r e   m u l t i p l e   J W T   a u t h e n t i c a t o r s ,   e a c h   w i t h   a   u n i q u e   i s s u e r . u r l   a n d   i s s u e r . d i s c o v e r y U R L .   T h e   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   f i l e   e v e n   a l l o w s   y o u   t o   s p e c i f y   C


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: - - -   #   #   C A U T I O N :   t h i s   i s   a n   e x a m p l e   c o n f i g u r a t i o n .   #   D o   n o t   u s e   t h i s   f o r   y o u r   o w n   c l u s t e r !   #   a p i V e r s i o n :   a p i s e r v e r . c o n f i g . k 8 s . i o / v 1   k i n d :   A u t h e n t i c a t i o n C o n f i g u r a t i o n   #   l i s t   o f   a u t h e n t i c a t o r s   t o   a u t h e n t i c a t e   K u b e r n e t e s   u s e r s   u s i n g   J W T   c o m p l i a n t   t o k e n s .   #   t h e   m a x i m u m   n u m b e r   o f   a l l o w e d   a u t h e n t i c a t o r s   i s   6 4 .   j w t :   -   i s s u e r :   #   u r l   m u s t   b e   u n i q u e   a c r o s s   a l l   a u t h e n t i c a t o r s .   #   u r l   m u s t   n o t   c o n f l i c t   w i t h   i s s u e r   c o n f i g u r e d   i n   - - s e r v i c e - a c c o u n t - i s s u e r .   u r l :   h t t p s : / / e x a m p l e . c o m   #   S a m e   a s   - - o i d c - i s s u e r - u r l .   #   d i s c o v e r y U R L ,   i f   s p e c i f i e d ,   o v e r r i d e s   t h e   U R L   u s e d   t o   f e t c h   d i s c o v e r y   #   i n f o r m a t i o n   i n s t e a d   o f   u s i n g   " { u r l } / . w e l l - k n o w n / o p e n i d - c o n f i g u r a t i o n " .   #   T h e   e x a c t   v a l u e   s p e c i f i e d   i s   u s e d ,   s o   " / . w e l l - k n o w n / o p e n i d - c o n f i g u r a t i o n "   #   m u s t   b e   i n c l u d e d   i n   d i s c o v e r y U R L   i f   n e e d e d .   #   #   T h e   " i s s u e r "   f i e l d   i n   t h e   f e t c h e d   d i s c o v e r y   i n f o r m a t i o n   m u s t   m a t c h   t h e   " i s s u e r . u r l "   f i e l d   #   i n   t h e   A u t h e n t i c a t i o n C o n f i g u r a t i o n   a n d   w i l l   b e   u s e d   t o   v a l i d a t e   t h e   " i s s "   c l a i m   i n   t h e   p r e s e n t e d   J W T .   #   T h i s   i s   f o r   s c e n a r i o s   w h e r e   t h e   w e


Question: What is JWT egress selector type?

Answer: T h e   e g r e s s S e l e c t o r T y p e   f i e l d   i n   t h e   J W T   i s s u e r   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   a l l o w s   y o u   t o   s p e c i f y   w h i c h   e g r e s s   s e l e c t o r   s h o u l d   b e   u s e d   f o r   s e n d i n g   a l l   t r a f f i c   r e l a t e d   t o   t h e   i s s u e r   ( d i s c o v e r y ,   J W K S ,   d i s t r i b u t e d   c l a i m s ,   e t c ) .   T h i s   f e a t u r e   r e q u i r e s   t h e   S t r u c t u r e d A u t h e n t i c a t i o n C o n f i g u r a t i o n E g r e s s S e l e c t o r   f e a t u r e   g a t e   t o   b e   e n a b l e d .


Question: What is Limitations?

Answer: D i s t r i b u t e d   c l a i m s   d o   n o t   w o r k   v i a   C E L   e x p r e s s i o n s .   K u b e r n e t e s   d o e s   n o t   p r o v i d e   a n   O p e n I D   C o n n e c t   I d e n t i t y   P r o v i d e r .   Y o u   c a n   u s e   a n   e x i s t i n g   p u b l i c   O p e n I D   C o n n e c t   I d e n t i t y   P r o v i d e r   o r   r u n   y o u r   o w n   I d e n t i t y   P r o v i d e r   t h a t   s u p p o r t s   t h e   O p e n I D   C o n n e c t   p r o t o c o l .   F o r   a n   i d e n t i t y   p r o v i d e r   t o   w o r k   w i t h   K u b e r n e t e s   i t   m u s t :   S u p p o r t   O p e n I D   c o n n e c t   d i s c o v e r y T h e   p u b l i c   k e y   t o   v e r i f y   t h e   s i g n a t u r e   i s   d i s c o v e r e d   f r o m   t h e   i s s u e r ' s   p u b l i c   e n d p o i n t   u s i n g   O I D C   d i s c o v e r y .   I f   y o u ' r e   u s i n g   t h e   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   f i l e ,   t h e   i d e n t i t y   p r o v i d e r   d o e s n ' t   n e e d   t o   p u b l i c l y   e x p o s e   t h e   d i s c o v e r y   e n d p o i n t .   Y o u   c a n   h o s t   t h e   d i s c o v e r y   e n d p o i n t   a t   a   d i f f e r e n t   l o c a t i o n   t h a n   t h e   i s s u e r   ( s u c h   a s   l o c a l l y   i n   t h e   c l u s t e r )   a n d   s p e c i f y   t h e   i s s u e r . d i s c o v e r y U R L   i n   t h e   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   f i l e . R u n   i n   T L S   w i t h   n o n - o b s o l e t e   c i p h e r s H a v e   a   C A   s i g n e d   c e r t i f i c a t e   ( e v e n   i f   t h e   C A   i s   n o t   a   c o m m e r c i a l   C A   o r   i s   s e l f   s i g n e d )   S u p p o r t   O p e n I D   c o n n e c t   d i s c o v e r y   T h e   p u b l i c   k e y   t o   v e r i f y   t h e   s i g n a t u r e   i s   d i s c o v e r e d   f r o m   t h e   i s s u e r ' s   p u b l i c   e n d p o


Question: What is Option 1 - OIDC authenticator?

Answer: T h e   f i r s t   o p t i o n   i s   t o   u s e   t h e   k u b e c t l   o i d c   a u t h e n t i c a t o r ,   w h i c h   s e t s   t h e   i d _ t o k e n   a s   a   b e a r e r   t o k e n   f o r   a l l   r e q u e s t s   a n d   r e f r e s h e s   t h e   t o k e n   o n c e   i t   e x p i r e s .   A f t e r   y o u ' v e   l o g g e d   i n t o   y o u r   p r o v i d e r ,   u s e   k u b e c t l   t o   a d d   y o u r   i d _ t o k e n ,   r e f r e s h _ t o k e n ,   c l i e n t _ i d ,   a n d   c l i e n t _ s e c r e t   t o   c o n f i g u r e   t h e   p l u g i n .   P r o v i d e r s   t h a t   d o n ' t   r e t u r n   a n   i d _ t o k e n   a s   p a r t   o f   t h e i r   r e f r e s h   t o k e n   r e s p o n s e   a r e n ' t   s u p p o r t e d   b y   t h i s   p l u g i n   a n d   s h o u l d   u s e   O p t i o n   2   ( s p e c i f y i n g   - - t o k e n ) .   k u b e c t l   c o n f i g   s e t - c r e d e n t i a l s   U S E R _ N A M E   \   - - a u t h - p r o v i d e r = o i d c   \   - - a u t h - p r o v i d e r - a r g = i d p - i s s u e r - u r l = (   i s s u e r   u r l   )   \   - - a u t h - p r o v i d e r - a r g = c l i e n t - i d = (   y o u r   c l i e n t   i d   )   \   - - a u t h - p r o v i d e r - a r g = c l i e n t - s e c r e t = (   y o u r   c l i e n t   s e c r e t   )   \   - - a u t h - p r o v i d e r - a r g = r e f r e s h - t o k e n = (   y o u r   r e f r e s h   t o k e n   )   \   - - a u t h - p r o v i d e r - a r g = i d p - c e r t i f i c a t e - a u t h o r i t y = (   p a t h   t o   y o u r   c a   c e r t i f i c a t e   )   \   - - a u t h - p r o v i d e r - a r g = i d - t o k e n = (   y o u r   i d _ t o k e n   )   A s   a n   e x a m p l e ,   r u n n i n g   t h e   b e l o w   c o m m a n d   a f t e r   a u t h e n t i c a t i n g   t o   y o u r   i d e n t i t y   p r o v i d e r :   k u b e c t l   c o n f i g   s e t - c r e d e n t i a l s   m m o s l e


Question: What is Option 2 - Use the --token command line argument?

Answer: T h e   k u b e c t l   c o m m a n d   l e t s   y o u   p a s s   i n   a   t o k e n   u s i n g   t h e   - - t o k e n   c o m m a n d   l i n e   a r g u m e n t .   C o p y   a n d   p a s t e   t h e   i d _ t o k e n   i n t o   t h i s   o p t i o n :   k u b e c t l   - - t o k e n = e y J h b G c i O i J S U z I 1 N i J 9 . e y J p c 3 M i O i J o d H R w c z o v L 2 1 s Y i 5 0 c m V t b 2 x v L m x h b j o 4 M D Q z L 2 F 1 d G g v a W R w L 2 9 p Z G M i L C J h d W Q i O i J r d W J l c m 5 l d G V z I i w i Z X h w I j o x N D c 0 N T k 2 N j Y 5 L C J q d G k i O i I 2 R D U z N X o x U E p F N j J O R 3 Q x a W V y Y m 9 R I i w i a W F 0 I j o x N D c 0 N T k 2 M z Y 5 L C J u Y m Y i O j E 0 N z Q 1 O T Y y N D k s I n N 1 Y i I 6 I m 1 3 a W 5 k d S I s I n V z Z X J f c m 9 s Z S I 6 W y J 1 c 2 V y c y I s I m 5 l d y 1 u Y W 1 l c 3 B h Y 2 U t d m l l d 2 V y I l 0 s I m V t Y W l s I j o i b X d p b m R 1 Q G 5 v b W 9 y Z W p l Z G k u Y 2 9 t I n 0 . f 2 A s 5 7 9 n 9 V N o a K z o F - d O Q G m X k F K f 1 F M y N V 0 - v a _ B 6 3 j n - _ n 9 L G S C c a _ 6 I V M P 8 p O - Z b 4 K v R q G y T P 0 r 3 H k H x Y y 5 c 8 1 A n I h 8 i j a r r u c z l - T K _ y F 5 a k j S T H F Z D - 0 g R z l e v B D i H 8 Q 7 9 N A r - k y 0 P 4 i I X S 8 l Y 9 V n j c h 5 M F 7 4 Z x 0 c 3 a l K J H J U n n p j I A C B y f F 2 S C a Y z b W F M U N a t - K 1 P a U k 5 - u j M B G 7 y Y n r 9 5 x D - 6 3 n 8 C O 8 t e G U A A E M x 6 z R j z f h n h b z X - a j w Z L G w G U B T 4 W q j M s 7 0 - 6 a 7 _ 8 g Z m L Z b 2 a z 1 c Z y n k F R j 2 B a C k V T 3 A 2 R r j e E w Z E t G X l M q K J 1 _ I 2 u l r O V s Y x 0 1 _ y D 3 5 - r w   g e t   n o d e s


Question: What is Webhook token authentication?

Answer: K u b e r n e t e s   w e b h o o k   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   i s   a   m e c h a n i s m   t o   m a k e   a n   H T T P   c a l l o u t   f o r   v e r i f y i n g   b e a r e r   t o k e n s .   I n   t e r m s   o f   h o w   y o u   c o n f i g u r e   t h e   A P I   s e r v e r :   - - a u t h e n t i c a t i o n - t o k e n - w e b h o o k - c o n f i g - f i l e   a   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   f i l e   d e s c r i b i n g   h o w   t o   a c c e s s   t h e   r e m o t e   w e b h o o k   s e r v i c e . - - a u t h e n t i c a t i o n - t o k e n - w e b h o o k - c a c h e - t t l   h o w   l o n g   t o   c a c h e   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   d e c i s i o n s .   D e f a u l t s   t o   t w o   m i n u t e s . - - a u t h e n t i c a t i o n - t o k e n - w e b h o o k - v e r s i o n   d e t e r m i n e s   w h e t h e r   t o   u s e   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 b e t a 1   o r   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1   T o k e n R e v i e w   o b j e c t s   t o   s e n d / r e c e i v e   i n f o r m a t i o n   f r o m   t h e   w e b h o o k .   D e f a u l t s   t o   v 1 b e t a 1 .   T h e   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   f i l e   u s e s   t h e   k u b e c o n f i g   f i l e   f o r m a t .   W i t h i n   t h e   f i l e ,   c l u s t e r s   r e f e r s   t o   t h e   r e m o t e   s e r v i c e   a n d   u s e r s   r e f e r s   t o   t h e   A P I   s e r v e r   w e b h o o k .   A n   e x a m p l e   w o u l d   b e :   #   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I   v e r s i o n   a p i V e r s i o n :   v 1   #   k i n d   o f   t h e   A P I   o b j e c t   k i n d :   C o n f i g   #   c l u s t e r s   r e f e r s   t o   t h e   r e m o t e   s e r v i c e .   c l u s t e r s :   -   n a m e :   n a m e - o f - r e m o t e - a u t h n - s e r v i c e   c l u s t e r :   c e r t i f i c a t e - a u t h o r i t y :   / p a t h / t o / c a . p e m   #   C A   f o r   v e r i f y i n g   t h e   r e m o


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: {   " a p i V e r s i o n " :   " a u t h e n t i c a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 " ,   " k i n d " :   " T o k e n R e v i e w " ,   " s p e c " :   {   #   O p a q u e   b e a r e r   t o k e n   s e n t   t o   t h e   A P I   s e r v e r   " t o k e n " :   " 0 1 4 f b f f 9 a 0 7 c . . . " ,   #   O p t i o n a l   l i s t   o f   t h e   a u d i e n c e   i d e n t i f i e r s   f o r   t h e   s e r v e r   t h e   t o k e n   w a s   p r e s e n t e d   t o .   #   A u d i e n c e - a w a r e   t o k e n   a u t h e n t i c a t o r s   ( f o r   e x a m p l e ,   O I D C   t o k e n   a u t h e n t i c a t o r s )   #   s h o u l d   v e r i f y   t h e   t o k e n   w a s   i n t e n d e d   f o r   a t   l e a s t   o n e   o f   t h e   a u d i e n c e s   i n   t h i s   l i s t ,   #   a n d   r e t u r n   t h e   i n t e r s e c t i o n   o f   t h i s   l i s t   a n d   t h e   v a l i d   a u d i e n c e s   f o r   t h e   t o k e n   i n   t h e   r e s p o n s e   s t a t u s .   #   T h i s   e n s u r e s   t h e   t o k e n   i s   v a l i d   t o   a u t h e n t i c a t e   t o   t h e   s e r v e r   i t   w a s   p r e s e n t e d   t o .   #   I f   n o   a u d i e n c e s   a r e   p r o v i d e d ,   t h e   t o k e n   s h o u l d   b e   v a l i d a t e d   t o   a u t h e n t i c a t e   t o   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I   s e r v e r .   " a u d i e n c e s " :   [ " h t t p s : / / m y s e r v e r . e x a m p l e . c o m " ,   " h t t p s : / / m y s e r v e r . i n t e r n a l . e x a m p l e . c o m " ]   }   }   {   " a p i V e r s i o n " :   " a u t h e n t i c a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 b e t a 1 " ,   " k i n d " :   " T o k e n R e v i e w " ,   " s p e c " :   {   #   O p a q u e   b e a r e r   t o k e n   s e n t   t o   t h e   A P I   s e r v e r   " t o k e n " :   " 0 1 4 f b f f 9 a 0 7 c . . . " ,   #   O p t i o n a l   l i s t   o f   t h e   a u d i e n c e   i d e n t i f i e r s   f o r   t h e   s


Question: What is Warning:?

Answer: T h e   A P I   s e r v e r   c a n   b e   c o n f i g u r e d   t o   i d e n t i f y   u s e r s   f r o m   r e q u e s t   h e a d e r   v a l u e s ,   s u c h   a s   X - R e m o t e - U s e r .   I t   i s   d e s i g n e d   f o r   u s e   i n   c o m b i n a t i o n   w i t h   a n   a u t h e n t i c a t i n g   p r o x y   t h a t   s e t s   t h e s e   h e a d e r s .   T h e   c o m m a n d   l i n e   a r g u m e n t s   t o   c o n f i g u r e   t h i s   m o d e   a r e :   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   w i t h   t h i s   c o n f i g u r a t i o n :   - - r e q u e s t h e a d e r - u s e r n a m e - h e a d e r s = X - R e m o t e - U s e r   - - r e q u e s t h e a d e r - g r o u p - h e a d e r s = X - R e m o t e - G r o u p   - - r e q u e s t h e a d e r - e x t r a - h e a d e r s - p r e f i x = X - R e m o t e - E x t r a -   t h i s   r e q u e s t :   G E T   /   H T T P / 1 . 1   X - R e m o t e - U s e r :   f i d o   X - R e m o t e - G r o u p :   d o g s   X - R e m o t e - G r o u p :   d a c h s h u n d s   X - R e m o t e - E x t r a - A c m e . c o m % 2 F p r o j e c t :   s o m e - p r o j e c t   X - R e m o t e - E x t r a - S c o p e s :   o p e n i d   X - R e m o t e - E x t r a - S c o p e s :   p r o f i l e   w o u l d   r e s u l t   i n   t h i s   u s e r   i n f o :   n a m e :   f i d o   g r o u p s :   -   d o g s   -   d a c h s h u n d s   e x t r a :   a c m e . c o m / p r o j e c t :   -   s o m e - p r o j e c t   s c o p e s :   -   o p e n i d   -   p r o f i l e


Question: What is Client certificate?

Answer: I n   o r d e r   t o   p r e v e n t   h e a d e r   s p o o f i n g ,   t h e   a u t h e n t i c a t i n g   p r o x y   i s   r e q u i r e d   t o   p r e s e n t   a   v a l i d   c l i e n t   c e r t i f i c a t e   t o   t h e   A P I   s e r v e r   f o r   v a l i d a t i o n   a g a i n s t   t h e   s p e c i f i e d   C A   b e f o r e   t h e   r e q u e s t   h e a d e r s   a r e   c h e c k e d .   D o   n o t   r e u s e   a   C A   t h a t   i s   u s e d   i n   a   d i f f e r e n t   c o n t e x t   u n l e s s   y o u   u n d e r s t a n d   t h e   r i s k s   a n d   t h e   m e c h a n i s m s   t o   p r o t e c t   t h e   C A ' s   u s a g e .


Question: What is Static token file integration?

Answer: T h e   A P I   s e r v e r   r e a d s   s t a t i c   b e a r e r   t o k e n s   f r o m   a   f i l e   w h e n   g i v e n   t h e   - - t o k e n - a u t h - f i l e = < S O M E F I L E >   o p t i o n   o n   t h e   c o m m a n d   l i n e .   I n   K u b e r n e t e s   1 . 3 4 ,   t o k e n s   l a s t   i n d e f i n i t e l y ,   a n d   t h e   t o k e n   l i s t   c a n n o t   b e   c h a n g e d   w i t h o u t   r e s t a r t i n g   t h e   A P I   s e r v e r .   T h e   t o k e n   f i l e   i s   a   C S V   f i l e   w i t h   a   m i n i m u m   o f   3   c o l u m n s :   t o k e n ,   u s e r   n a m e ,   u s e r   u i d ,   f o l l o w e d   b y   a   c o m m a - s e p a r a t e d   l i s t   o f   o p t i o n a l   g r o u p   n a m e s .


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: I f   y o u   h a v e   m o r e   t h a n   o n e   g r o u p ,   t h e   c o l u m n   m u s t   b e   d o u b l e   q u o t e d   e . g .   t o k e n , u s e r , u i d , " g r o u p 1 , g r o u p 2 , g r o u p 3 "   U s i n g   a   s t a t i c   t o k e n   f i l e   i s   a p p r o p r i a t e   f o r   t o k e n s   t h a t   b y   t h e i r   n a t u r e   a r e   l o n g - l i v e d ,   s t a t i c ,   a n d   p e r h a p s   m a y   n e v e r   b e   r o t a t e d .   I t   i s   a l s o   u s e f u l   w h e n   t h e   c l i e n t   i s   l o c a l   t o   a   p a r t i c u l a r   A P I   s e r v e r   w i t h i n   t h e   c o n t r o l   p l a n e ,   s u c h   a s   a   m o n i t o r i n g   a g e n t .   I f   y o u   u s e   t h i s   m e t h o d   d u r i n g   c l u s t e r   p r o v i s i o n i n g ,   a n d   t h e n   t r a n s i t i o n   t o   a   d i f f e r e n t   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   m e t h o d   t h a t   w i l l   b e   u s e d   l o n g e r   t e r m ,   y o u   s h o u l d   d e a c t i v a t e   t h e   t o k e n   t h a t   w a s   u s e d   f o r   b o o t s t r a p p i n g   ( t h i s   r e q u i r e s   a   r e s t a r t   o f   e a c h   A P I   s e r v e r .   F o r   o t h e r   c i r c u m s t a n c e s ,   a n d   e s p e c i a l l y   w h e r e   v e r y   p r o m p t   t o k e n   r o t a t i o n   i s   i m p o r t a n t ,   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t   r e c o m m e n d s   u s i n g   a   w e b h o o k   t o k e n   a u t h e n t i c a t o r   i n s t e a d   o f   t h i s   m e c h a n i s m .


Question: What is Anonymous requests?

Answer: W h e n   e n a b l e d ,   r e q u e s t s   t h a t   a r e   n o t   r e j e c t e d   b y   o t h e r   c o n f i g u r e d   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   m e t h o d s   a r e   t r e a t e d   a s   a n o n y m o u s   r e q u e s t s ,   a n d   g i v e n   a   u s e r n a m e   o f   s y s t e m : a n o n y m o u s   a n d   a   g r o u p   o f   s y s t e m : u n a u t h e n t i c a t e d .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   o n   a   s e r v e r   w i t h   t o k e n   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   c o n f i g u r e d ,   a n d   a n o n y m o u s   a c c e s s   e n a b l e d ,   a   r e q u e s t   p r o v i d i n g   a n   i n v a l i d   b e a r e r   t o k e n   w o u l d   r e c e i v e   a   4 0 1   U n a u t h o r i z e d   e r r o r .   A   r e q u e s t   p r o v i d i n g   n o   b e a r e r   t o k e n   w o u l d   b e   t r e a t e d   a s   a n   a n o n y m o u s   r e q u e s t .   I n   1 . 5 . 1 - 1 . 5 . x ,   a n o n y m o u s   a c c e s s   i s   d i s a b l e d   b y   d e f a u l t ,   a n d   c a n   b e   e n a b l e d   b y   p a s s i n g   t h e   - - a n o n y m o u s - a u t h = t r u e   o p t i o n   t o   t h e   A P I   s e r v e r .   I n   1 . 6 + ,   a n o n y m o u s   a c c e s s   i s   e n a b l e d   b y   d e f a u l t   i f   a n   a u t h o r i z a t i o n   m o d e   o t h e r   t h a n   A l w a y s A l l o w   i s   u s e d ,   a n d   c a n   b e   d i s a b l e d   b y   p a s s i n g   t h e   - - a n o n y m o u s - a u t h = f a l s e   o p t i o n   t o   t h e   A P I   s e r v e r .   S t a r t i n g   i n   1 . 6 ,   t h e   A B A C   a n d   R B A C   a u t h o r i z e r s   r e q u i r e   e x p l i c i t   a u t h o r i z a t i o n   o f   t h e   s y s t e m : a n o n y m o u s   u s e r   o r   t h e   s y s t e m : u n a u t h e n t i c a t e d   g r o u p ,   s o   l e g a c y   p o l i c y   r u l e s   t h a t   g r a n t   a c c e s s   t o   t h e   *   u s e r   o r   *   g r o u p   d o   n


Question: What is Anonymous Authenticator Configuration?

Answer: T h e   A u t h e n t i c a t i o n C o n f i g u r a t i o n   c a n   b e   u s e d   t o   c o n f i g u r e   t h e   a n o n y m o u s   a u t h e n t i c a t o r .   I f   y o u   s e t   t h e   a n o n y m o u s   f i e l d   i n   t h e   A u t h e n t i c a t i o n C o n f i g u r a t i o n   f i l e   t h e n   y o u   c a n n o t   s e t   t h e   - - a n o n y m o u s - a u t h   f l a g .   T h e   m a i n   a d v a n t a g e   o f   c o n f i g u r i n g   a n o n y m o u s   a u t h e n t i c a t o r   u s i n g   t h e   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   f i l e   i s   t h a t   i n   a d d i t i o n   t o   e n a b l i n g   a n d   d i s a b l i n g   a n o n y m o u s   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   y o u   c a n   a l s o   c o n f i g u r e   w h i c h   e n d p o i n t s   s u p p o r t   a n o n y m o u s   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n .   A   s a m p l e   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   f i l e   i s   b e l o w :   - - -   #   #   C A U T I O N :   t h i s   i s   a n   e x a m p l e   c o n f i g u r a t i o n .   #   D o   n o t   u s e   t h i s   f o r   y o u r   o w n   c l u s t e r !   #   a p i V e r s i o n :   a p i s e r v e r . c o n f i g . k 8 s . i o / v 1   k i n d :   A u t h e n t i c a t i o n C o n f i g u r a t i o n   a n o n y m o u s :   e n a b l e d :   t r u e   c o n d i t i o n s :   -   p a t h :   / l i v e z   -   p a t h :   / r e a d y z   -   p a t h :   / h e a l t h z   I n   t h e   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   a b o v e   o n l y   t h e   / l i v e z ,   / r e a d y z   a n d   / h e a l t h z   e n d p o i n t s   a r e   r e a c h a b l e   b y   a n o n y m o u s   r e q u e s t s .   A n y   o t h e r   e n d p o i n t s   w i l l   n o t   b e   r e a c h a b l e   e v e n   i f   i t   i s   a l l o w e d   b y   R B A C   c o n f i g u r a t i o n .


Question: What is User impersonation?

Answer: A   u s e r   c a n   a c t   a s   a n o t h e r   u s e r   t h r o u g h   i m p e r s o n a t i o n   h e a d e r s .   T h e s e   l e t   r e q u e s t s   m a n u a l l y   o v e r r i d e   t h e   u s e r   i n f o   a   r e q u e s t   a u t h e n t i c a t e s   a s .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   a n   a d m i n   c o u l d   u s e   t h i s   f e a t u r e   t o   d e b u g   a n   a u t h o r i z a t i o n   p o l i c y   b y   t e m p o r a r i l y   i m p e r s o n a t i n g   a n o t h e r   u s e r   a n d   s e e i n g   i f   a   r e q u e s t   w a s   d e n i e d .   I m p e r s o n a t i o n   r e q u e s t s   f i r s t   a u t h e n t i c a t e   a s   t h e   r e q u e s t i n g   u s e r ,   t h e n   s w i t c h   t o   t h e   i m p e r s o n a t e d   u s e r   i n f o .   A   u s e r   m a k e s   a n   A P I   c a l l   w i t h   t h e i r   c r e d e n t i a l s   a n d   i m p e r s o n a t i o n   h e a d e r s . A P I   s e r v e r   a u t h e n t i c a t e s   t h e   u s e r . A P I   s e r v e r   e n s u r e s   t h e   a u t h e n t i c a t e d   u s e r s   h a v e   i m p e r s o n a t i o n   p r i v i l e g e s . R e q u e s t   u s e r   i n f o   i s   r e p l a c e d   w i t h   i m p e r s o n a t i o n   v a l u e s . R e q u e s t   i s   e v a l u a t e d ,   a u t h o r i z a t i o n   a c t s   o n   i m p e r s o n a t e d   u s e r   i n f o .   T h e   f o l l o w i n g   H T T P   h e a d e r s   c a n   b e   u s e d   t o   p e r f o r m i n g   a n   i m p e r s o n a t i o n   r e q u e s t :   I m p e r s o n a t e - U s e r :   T h e   u s e r n a m e   t o   a c t   a s . I m p e r s o n a t e - G r o u p :   A   g r o u p   n a m e   t o   a c t   a s .   C a n   b e   p r o v i d e d   m u l t i p l e   t i m e s   t o   s e t   m u l t i p l e   g r o u p s .   O p t i o n a l .   R e q u i r e s   " I m p e r s o n a t e - U s e r " . I m p e r s o n a t e - E x t r a - (   e x t r a   n a m e   ) :


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: A n   e x a m p l e   o f   t h e   i m p e r s o n a t i o n   h e a d e r s   u s e d   w h e n   i m p e r s o n a t i n g   a   u s e r   w i t h   g r o u p s :   I m p e r s o n a t e - U s e r :   j a n e . d o e @ e x a m p l e . c o m   I m p e r s o n a t e - G r o u p :   d e v e l o p e r s   I m p e r s o n a t e - G r o u p :   a d m i n s   A n   e x a m p l e   o f   t h e   i m p e r s o n a t i o n   h e a d e r s   u s e d   w h e n   i m p e r s o n a t i n g   a   u s e r   w i t h   a   U I D   a n d   e x t r a   f i e l d s :   I m p e r s o n a t e - U s e r :   j a n e . d o e @ e x a m p l e . c o m   I m p e r s o n a t e - E x t r a - d n :   c n = j a n e , o u = e n g i n e e r s , d c = e x a m p l e , d c = c o m   I m p e r s o n a t e - E x t r a - a c m e . c o m % 2 F p r o j e c t :   s o m e - p r o j e c t   I m p e r s o n a t e - E x t r a - s c o p e s :   v i e w   I m p e r s o n a t e - E x t r a - s c o p e s :   d e v e l o p m e n t   I m p e r s o n a t e - U i d :   0 6 f 6 c e 9 7 - e 2 c 5 - 4 a b 8 - 7 b a 5 - 7 6 5 4 d d 0 8 d 5 2 b   W h e n   u s i n g   k u b e c t l   s e t   t h e   - - a s   c o m m a n d   l i n e   a r g u m e n t   t o   c o n f i g u r e   t h e   I m p e r s o n a t e - U s e r   h e a d e r ,   y o u   c a n   a l s o   s e t   t h e   - - a s - g r o u p   f l a g   t o   c o n f i g u r e   t h e   I m p e r s o n a t e - G r o u p   h e a d e r .   k u b e c t l   d r a i n   m y n o d e   E r r o r   f r o m   s e r v e r   ( F o r b i d d e n ) :   U s e r   " c l a r k "   c a n n o t   g e t   n o d e s   a t   t h e   c l u s t e r   s c o p e .   ( g e t   n o d e s   m y n o d e )   S e t   t h e   - - a s   a n d   - - a s - g r o u p   f l a g :   k u b e c t l   d r a i n   m y n o d e   - - a s = s u p e r m a n   - - a s - g r o u p = s y s t e m : m a s t e r s   n o d e / m y n o d e   c o r d o n e d   n o d e / m y n o d e   d r a i n e d


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: T o   i m p e r s o n a t e   a   u s e r ,   g r o u p ,   u s e r   i d e n t i f i e r   ( U I D )   o r   e x t r a   f i e l d s ,   t h e   i m p e r s o n a t i n g   u s e r   m u s t   h a v e   t h e   a b i l i t y   t o   p e r f o r m   t h e   i m p e r s o n a t e   v e r b   o n   t h e   k i n d   o f   a t t r i b u t e   b e i n g   i m p e r s o n a t e d   ( " u s e r " ,   " g r o u p " ,   " u i d " ,   e t c . ) .   F o r   c l u s t e r s   t h a t   e n a b l e   t h e   R B A C   a u t h o r i z a t i o n   p l u g i n ,   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   C l u s t e r R o l e   e n c o m p a s s e s   t h e   r u l e s   n e e d e d   t o   s e t   u s e r   a n d   g r o u p   i m p e r s o n a t i o n   h e a d e r s :   a p i V e r s i o n :   r b a c . a u t h o r i z a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1   k i n d :   C l u s t e r R o l e   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   i m p e r s o n a t o r   r u l e s :   -   a p i G r o u p s :   [ " " ]   r e s o u r c e s :   [ " u s e r s " ,   " g r o u p s " ,   " s e r v i c e a c c o u n t s " ]   v e r b s :   [ " i m p e r s o n a t e " ]   F o r   i m p e r s o n a t i o n ,   e x t r a   f i e l d s   a n d   i m p e r s o n a t e d   U I D s   a r e   b o t h   u n d e r   t h e   " a u t h e n t i c a t i o n . k 8 s . i o "   a p i G r o u p .   E x t r a   f i e l d s   a r e   e v a l u a t e d   a s   s u b - r e s o u r c e s   o f   t h e   r e s o u r c e   " u s e r e x t r a s " .   T o   a l l o w   a   u s e r   t o   u s e   i m p e r s o n a t i o n   h e a d e r s   f o r   t h e   e x t r a   f i e l d   s c o p e s   a n d   f o r   U I D s ,   a   u s e r   s h o u l d   b e   g r a n t e d   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   r o l e :   a p i V e r s i o n :   r b a c . a u t h o r i z a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1   k i n d :   C l u s t e r R o l e   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   s c o p e s - a n d - u i d - i m p e r s o n a t o r   r u l e s :   #   C a n   s e t   " I m p


Question: What is client-go credential plugins?

Answer: k 8 s . i o / c l i e n t - g o   a n d   t o o l s   u s i n g   i t   s u c h   a s   k u b e c t l   a n d   k u b e l e t   a r e   a b l e   t o   e x e c u t e   a n   e x t e r n a l   c o m m a n d   t o   r e c e i v e   u s e r   c r e d e n t i a l s .   T h i s   f e a t u r e   i s   i n t e n d e d   f o r   c l i e n t   s i d e   i n t e g r a t i o n s   w i t h   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   p r o t o c o l s   n o t   n a t i v e l y   s u p p o r t e d   b y   k 8 s . i o / c l i e n t - g o   ( L D A P ,   K e r b e r o s ,   O A u t h 2 ,   S A M L ,   e t c . ) .   T h e   p l u g i n   i m p l e m e n t s   t h e   p r o t o c o l   s p e c i f i c   l o g i c ,   t h e n   r e t u r n s   o p a q u e   c r e d e n t i a l s   t o   u s e .   A l m o s t   a l l   c r e d e n t i a l   p l u g i n   u s e   c a s e s   r e q u i r e   a   s e r v e r   s i d e   c o m p o n e n t   w i t h   s u p p o r t   f o r   t h e   w e b h o o k   t o k e n   a u t h e n t i c a t o r   t o   i n t e r p r e t   t h e   c r e d e n t i a l   f o r m a t   p r o d u c e d   b y   t h e   c l i e n t   p l u g i n .


Question: What is Example use case?

Answer: I n   a   h y p o t h e t i c a l   u s e   c a s e ,   a n   o r g a n i z a t i o n   w o u l d   r u n   a n   e x t e r n a l   s e r v i c e   t h a t   e x c h a n g e s   L D A P   c r e d e n t i a l s   f o r   u s e r   s p e c i f i c ,   s i g n e d   t o k e n s .   T h e   s e r v i c e   w o u l d   a l s o   b e   c a p a b l e   o f   r e s p o n d i n g   t o   w e b h o o k   t o k e n   a u t h e n t i c a t o r   r e q u e s t s   t o   v a l i d a t e   t h e   t o k e n s .   U s e r s   w o u l d   b e   r e q u i r e d   t o   i n s t a l l   a   c r e d e n t i a l   p l u g i n   o n   t h e i r   w o r k s t a t i o n .   T o   a u t h e n t i c a t e   a g a i n s t   t h e   A P I :   T h e   u s e r   i s s u e s   a   k u b e c t l   c o m m a n d . C r e d e n t i a l   p l u g i n   p r o m p t s   t h e   u s e r   f o r   L D A P   c r e d e n t i a l s ,   e x c h a n g e s   c r e d e n t i a l s   w i t h   e x t e r n a l   s e r v i c e   f o r   a   t o k e n . C r e d e n t i a l   p l u g i n   r e t u r n s   t o k e n   t o   c l i e n t - g o ,   w h i c h   u s e s   i t   a s   a   b e a r e r   t o k e n   a g a i n s t   t h e   A P I   s e r v e r . A P I   s e r v e r   u s e s   t h e   w e b h o o k   t o k e n   a u t h e n t i c a t o r   t o   s u b m i t   a   T o k e n R e v i e w   t o   t h e   e x t e r n a l   s e r v i c e . E x t e r n a l   s e r v i c e   v e r i f i e s   t h e   s i g n a t u r e   o n   t h e   t o k e n   a n d   r e t u r n s   t h e   u s e r ' s   u s e r n a m e   a n d   g r o u p s .


Question: What is Configuration?

Answer: C r e d e n t i a l   p l u g i n s   a r e   c o n f i g u r e d   t h r o u g h   k u b e c t l   c o n f i g   f i l e s   a s   p a r t   o f   t h e   u s e r   f i e l d s .   a p i V e r s i o n :   v 1   k i n d :   C o n f i g   u s e r s :   -   n a m e :   m y - u s e r   u s e r :   e x e c :   #   C o m m a n d   t o   e x e c u t e .   R e q u i r e d .   c o m m a n d :   " e x a m p l e - c l i e n t - g o - e x e c - p l u g i n "   #   A P I   v e r s i o n   t o   u s e   w h e n   d e c o d i n g   t h e   E x e c C r e d e n t i a l s   r e s o u r c e .   R e q u i r e d .   #   #   T h e   A P I   v e r s i o n   r e t u r n e d   b y   t h e   p l u g i n   M U S T   m a t c h   t h e   v e r s i o n   l i s t e d   h e r e .   #   #   T o   i n t e g r a t e   w i t h   t o o l s   t h a t   s u p p o r t   m u l t i p l e   v e r s i o n s   ( s u c h   a s   c l i e n t . a u t h e n t i c a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 b e t a 1 ) ,   #   s e t   a n   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e ,   p a s s   a n   a r g u m e n t   t o   t h e   t o o l   t h a t   i n d i c a t e s   w h i c h   v e r s i o n   t h e   e x e c   p l u g i n   e x p e c t s ,   #   o r   r e a d   t h e   v e r s i o n   f r o m   t h e   E x e c C r e d e n t i a l   o b j e c t   i n   t h e   K U B E R N E T E S _ E X E C _ I N F O   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e .   a p i V e r s i o n :   " c l i e n t . a u t h e n t i c a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 "   #   E n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e s   t o   s e t   w h e n   e x e c u t i n g   t h e   p l u g i n .   O p t i o n a l .   e n v :   -   n a m e :   " F O O "   v a l u e :   " b a r "   #   A r g u m e n t s   t o   p a s s   w h e n   e x e c u t i n g   t h e   p l u g i n .   O p t i o n a l .   a r g s :   -   " a r g 1 "   -   " a r g 2 "   #   T e x t   s h o w n   t o   t h e   u s e r   w h e n   t h e   e x e c u t a b l e   d o e s n ' t   s e e m   t o   b e   p r e s


Question: What is Input and output formats?

Answer: T h e   e x e c u t e d   c o m m a n d   p r i n t s   a n   E x e c C r e d e n t i a l   o b j e c t   t o   s t d o u t .   k 8 s . i o / c l i e n t - g o   a u t h e n t i c a t e s   a g a i n s t   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I   u s i n g   t h e   r e t u r n e d   c r e d e n t i a l s   i n   t h e   s t a t u s .   T h e   e x e c u t e d   c o m m a n d   i s   p a s s e d   a n   E x e c C r e d e n t i a l   o b j e c t   a s   i n p u t   v i a   t h e   K U B E R N E T E S _ E X E C _ I N F O   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e .   T h i s   i n p u t   c o n t a i n s   h e l p f u l   i n f o r m a t i o n   l i k e   t h e   e x p e c t e d   A P I   v e r s i o n   o f   t h e   r e t u r n e d   E x e c C r e d e n t i a l   o b j e c t   a n d   w h e t h e r   o r   n o t   t h e   p l u g i n   c a n   u s e   s t d i n   t o   i n t e r a c t   w i t h   t h e   u s e r .   W h e n   r u n   f r o m   a n   i n t e r a c t i v e   s e s s i o n   ( i . e . ,   a   t e r m i n a l ) ,   s t d i n   c a n   b e   e x p o s e d   d i r e c t l y   t o   t h e   p l u g i n .   P l u g i n s   s h o u l d   u s e   t h e   s p e c . i n t e r a c t i v e   f i e l d   o f   t h e   i n p u t   E x e c C r e d e n t i a l   o b j e c t   f r o m   t h e   K U B E R N E T E S _ E X E C _ I N F O   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e   i n   o r d e r   t o   d e t e r m i n e   i f   s t d i n   h a s   b e e n   p r o v i d e d .   A   p l u g i n ' s   s t d i n   r e q u i r e m e n t s   ( i . e . ,   w h e t h e r   s t d i n   i s   o p t i o n a l ,   s t r i c t l y   r e q u i r e d ,   o r   n e v e r   u s e d   i n   o r d e r   f o r   t h e   p l u g i n   t o   r u n   s u c c e s s f u l l y )   i s   d e c l a r e d   v i a   t h e   u s e r . e x e c . i n t e r a c t i v e M o d e   f i e l d   i n   t h e   k u b e c o n f i g   ( s e e   t a b l e   b e l o w   f o r   v a l i d   v a l u e s ) .   T h e   u


Question: What is API access to authentication information for a client?

Answer: I f   y o u r   c l u s t e r   h a s   t h e   A P I   e n a b l e d ,   y o u   c a n   u s e   t h e   S e l f S u b j e c t R e v i e w   A P I   t o   f i n d   o u t   h o w   y o u r   K u b e r n e t e s   c l u s t e r   m a p s   y o u r   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   i n f o r m a t i o n   t o   i d e n t i f y   y o u   a s   a   c l i e n t .   T h i s   w o r k s   w h e t h e r   y o u   a r e   a u t h e n t i c a t i n g   a s   a   u s e r   ( t y p i c a l l y   r e p r e s e n t i n g   a   r e a l   p e r s o n )   o r   a s   a   S e r v i c e A c c o u n t .   S e l f S u b j e c t R e v i e w   o b j e c t s   d o   n o t   h a v e   a n y   c o n f i g u r a b l e   f i e l d s .   O n   r e c e i v i n g   a   r e q u e s t ,   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I   s e r v e r   f i l l s   t h e   s t a t u s   w i t h   t h e   u s e r   a t t r i b u t e s   a n d   r e t u r n s   i t   t o   t h e   u s e r .   R e q u e s t   e x a m p l e   ( t h e   b o d y   w o u l d   b e   a   S e l f S u b j e c t R e v i e w ) :   P O S T   / a p i s / a u t h e n t i c a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / s e l f s u b j e c t r e v i e w s   {   " a p i V e r s i o n " :   " a u t h e n t i c a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 " ,   " k i n d " :   " S e l f S u b j e c t R e v i e w "   }   R e s p o n s e   e x a m p l e :   {   " a p i V e r s i o n " :   " a u t h e n t i c a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 " ,   " k i n d " :   " S e l f S u b j e c t R e v i e w " ,   " s t a t u s " :   {   " u s e r I n f o " :   {   " n a m e " :   " j a n e . d o e " ,   " u i d " :   " b 6 c 7 c f d 4 - f 1 6 6 - 1 1 e c - 8 e a 0 - 0 2 4 2 a c 1 2 0 0 0 2 " ,   " g r o u p s " :   [   " v i e w e r s " ,   " e d i t o r s " ,   " s y s t e m : a u t h e n t i c a t e d "   ] ,   " e x t r a " :   {   " p r o v i d e r _ i d " :   [ " t o k e n . c o m p a n y . e x a m p l e " ]   }   }   }   }   F o r   c o n v e n i e n c e ,   t h e   k u b e c t l   a u


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: B y   d e f a u l t ,   a l l   a u t h e n t i c a t e d   u s e r s   c a n   c r e a t e   S e l f S u b j e c t R e v i e w   o b j e c t s   w h e n   t h e   A P I S e l f S u b j e c t R e v i e w   f e a t u r e   i s   e n a b l e d .   I t   i s   a l l o w e d   b y   t h e   s y s t e m : b a s i c - u s e r   c l u s t e r   r o l e .


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: Y o u   c a n   o n l y   m a k e   S e l f S u b j e c t R e v i e w   r e q u e s t s   i f :   t h e   A P I S e l f S u b j e c t R e v i e w   f e a t u r e   g a t e   i s   e n a b l e d   f o r   y o u r   c l u s t e r   ( n o t   n e e d e d   f o r   K u b e r n e t e s   1 . 3 4 ,   b u t   o l d e r   K u b e r n e t e s   v e r s i o n s   m i g h t   n o t   o f f e r   t h i s   f e a t u r e   g a t e ,   o r   m i g h t   d e f a u l t   i t   t o   b e   o f f ) ( i f   y o u   a r e   r u n n i n g   a   v e r s i o n   o f   K u b e r n e t e s   o l d e r   t h a n   v 1 . 2 8 )   t h e   A P I   s e r v e r   f o r   y o u r   c l u s t e r   h a s   t h e   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 a l p h a 1   o r   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 b e t a 1   A P I   g r o u p   e n a b l e d .


Question: What is What's next?

Answer: T o   l e a r n   a b o u t   i s s u i n g   c e r t i f i c a t e s   f o r   u s e r s ,   r e a d   I s s u e   a   C e r t i f i c a t e   f o r   a   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I   C l i e n t   U s i n g   A   C e r t i f i c a t e S i g n i n g R e q u e s t R e a d   t h e   c l i e n t   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   r e f e r e n c e   ( v 1 ) R e a d   t h e   c l i e n t   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   r e f e r e n c e   ( v 1 b e t a 1 )


Question: What is Configure GMSA for Windows Pods and containers?

Answer: Configure GMSA for Windows Pods and containersFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.18 [stable]This page shows how to configure Group Managed Service Accounts (GMSA) for Pods and containers that will run on Windows nodes. Group Managed Service Accounts are a specific type of Active Directory account that provides automatic password management, simplified service principal name (SPN) management, and the ability to delegate the management to other administrators across multiple servers.In Kubernetes, GMSA credential specs are configured at a Kubernetes cluster-wide scope as Custom Resources. Windows Pods, as well as individual containers within a Pod, can be configured to use a GMSA for domain based functions (e.g. Kerberos authentication) when interacting with other Windows services.Before you beginYou need to have a Kubernetes cluster and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. The cluster is expected to have Windows worker nodes. This section covers a set of initial steps required once for each cluster:Install the GMSACredentialSpec CRDA CustomResourceDefinition(CRD) for GMSA credential spec resources needs to be configured on the cluster to define the custom resource type GMSACredentialSpec. Download the GMSA CRD YAML and save it as gmsa-crd.yaml. Next, install the CRD with kubectl apply -f gmsa-crd.yamlInstall webhooks to validate GMSA usersTwo webhooks need to be configured on the Kubernetes cluster to populate and validate GMSA credential spec references at the Pod or container level:A mutating webhook that expands references to GMSAs (by name from a Pod specification) into the full credential spec in JSON form within the Pod spec.A validating webhook ensures all references to GMSAs are authorized to be used by the Pod service account.Installing the above webhooks and associated objects require the steps below:Create a certificate key pair (that will be used to allow the webhook container to communicate to the cluster)Install a secret with the certificate from above.Create a deployment for the core webhook logic.Create the validating and mutating webhook configurations referring to the deployment.A script can be used to deploy and configure the GMSA webhooks and associated objects mentioned above. The script can be run with a --dry-run=server option to allow you to review the changes that would be made to your cluster.The YAML template used by the script may also be used to deploy the webhooks and associated objects manually (with appropriate substitutions for the parameters)Configure GMSAs and Windows nodes in Active DirectoryBefore Pods in Kubernetes can be configured to use GMSAs, the desired GMSAs need to be provisioned in Active Directory as described in the Windows GMSA documentation. Windows worker nodes (that are part of the Kubernetes cluster) need to be configured in Active Directory to access the secret credentials associated with the desired GMSA as described in the Windows GMSA documentation.Cre


Question: How does Configure GMSA for Windows Pods and containers work?

Answer: Configure GMSA for Windows Pods and containersFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.18 [stable]This page shows how to configure Group Managed Service Accounts (GMSA) for Pods and containers that will run on Windows nodes. Group Managed Service Accounts are a specific type of Active Directory account that provides automatic password management, simplified service principal name (SPN) management, and the ability to delegate the management to other administrators across multiple servers.In Kubernetes, GMSA credential specs are configured at a Kubernetes cluster-wide scope as Custom Resources. Windows Pods, as well as individual containers within a Pod, can be configured to use a GMSA for domain based functions (e.g. Kerberos authentication) when interacting with other Windows services.Before you beginYou need to have a Kubernetes cluster and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. The cluster is expected to have Windows worker nodes. This section covers a set of initial steps required once for each cluster:Install the GMSACredentialSpec CRDA CustomResourceDefinition(CRD) for GMSA credential spec resources needs to be configured on the cluster to define the custom resource type GMSACredentialSpec. Download the GMSA CRD YAML and save it as gmsa-crd.yaml. Next, install the CRD with kubectl apply -f gmsa-crd.yamlInstall webhooks to validate GMSA usersTwo webhooks need to be configured on the Kubernetes cluster to populate and validate GMSA credential spec references at the Pod or container level:A mutating webhook that expands references to GMSAs (by name from a Pod specification) into the full credential spec in JSON form within the Pod spec.A validating webhook ensures all references to GMSAs are authorized to be used by the Pod service account.Installing the above webhooks and associated objects require the steps below:Create a certificate key pair (that will be used to allow the webhook container to communicate to the cluster)Install a secret with the certificate from above.Create a deployment for the core webhook logic.Create the validating and mutating webhook configurations referring to the deployment.A script can be used to deploy and configure the GMSA webhooks and associated objects mentioned above. The script can be run with a --dry-run=server option to allow you to review the changes that would be made to your cluster.The YAML template used by the script may also be used to deploy the webhooks and associated objects manually (with appropriate substitutions for the parameters)Configure GMSAs and Windows nodes in Active DirectoryBefore Pods in Kubernetes can be configured to use GMSAs, the desired GMSAs need to be provisioned in Active Directory as described in the Windows GMSA documentation. Windows worker nodes (that are part of the Kubernetes cluster) need to be configured in Active Directory to access the secret credentials associated with the desired GMSA as described in the Windows GMSA documentation.Cre


Question: When would you use Configure GMSA for Windows Pods and containers?

Answer: Configure GMSA for Windows Pods and containersFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.18 [stable]This page shows how to configure Group Managed Service Accounts (GMSA) for Pods and containers that will run on Windows nodes. Group Managed Service Accounts are a specific type of Active Directory account that provides automatic password management, simplified service principal name (SPN) management, and the ability to delegate the management to other administrators across multiple servers.In Kubernetes, GMSA credential specs are configured at a Kubernetes cluster-wide scope as Custom Resources. Windows Pods, as well as individual containers within a Pod, can be configured to use a GMSA for domain based functions (e.g. Kerberos authentication) when interacting with other Windows services.Before you beginYou need to have a Kubernetes cluster and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. The cluster is expected to have Windows worker nodes. This section covers a set of initial steps required once for each cluster:Install the GMSACredentialSpec CRDA CustomResourceDefinition(CRD) for GMSA credential spec resources needs to be configured on the cluster to define the custom resource type GMSACredentialSpec. Download the GMSA CRD YAML and save it as gmsa-crd.yaml. Next, install the CRD with kubectl apply -f gmsa-crd.yamlInstall webhooks to validate GMSA usersTwo webhooks need to be configured on the Kubernetes cluster to populate and validate GMSA credential spec references at the Pod or container level:A mutating webhook that expands references to GMSAs (by name from a Pod specification) into the full credential spec in JSON form within the Pod spec.A validating webhook ensures all references to GMSAs are authorized to be used by the Pod service account.Installing the above webhooks and associated objects require the steps below:Create a certificate key pair (that will be used to allow the webhook container to communicate to the cluster)Install a secret with the certificate from above.Create a deployment for the core webhook logic.Create the validating and mutating webhook configurations referring to the deployment.A script can be used to deploy and configure the GMSA webhooks and associated objects mentioned above. The script can be run with a --dry-run=server option to allow you to review the changes that would be made to your cluster.The YAML template used by the script may also be used to deploy the webhooks and associated objects manually (with appropriate substitutions for the parameters)Configure GMSAs and Windows nodes in Active DirectoryBefore Pods in Kubernetes can be configured to use GMSAs, the desired GMSAs need to be provisioned in Active Directory as described in the Windows GMSA documentation. Windows worker nodes (that are part of the Kubernetes cluster) need to be configured in Active Directory to access the secret credentials associated with the desired GMSA as described in the Windows GMSA documentation.Cre


Question: What are the benefits of Configure GMSA for Windows Pods and containers?

Answer: Configure GMSA for Windows Pods and containersFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.18 [stable]This page shows how to configure Group Managed Service Accounts (GMSA) for Pods and containers that will run on Windows nodes. Group Managed Service Accounts are a specific type of Active Directory account that provides automatic password management, simplified service principal name (SPN) management, and the ability to delegate the management to other administrators across multiple servers.In Kubernetes, GMSA credential specs are configured at a Kubernetes cluster-wide scope as Custom Resources. Windows Pods, as well as individual containers within a Pod, can be configured to use a GMSA for domain based functions (e.g. Kerberos authentication) when interacting with other Windows services.Before you beginYou need to have a Kubernetes cluster and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. The cluster is expected to have Windows worker nodes. This section covers a set of initial steps required once for each cluster:Install the GMSACredentialSpec CRDA CustomResourceDefinition(CRD) for GMSA credential spec resources needs to be configured on the cluster to define the custom resource type GMSACredentialSpec. Download the GMSA CRD YAML and save it as gmsa-crd.yaml. Next, install the CRD with kubectl apply -f gmsa-crd.yamlInstall webhooks to validate GMSA usersTwo webhooks need to be configured on the Kubernetes cluster to populate and validate GMSA credential spec references at the Pod or container level:A mutating webhook that expands references to GMSAs (by name from a Pod specification) into the full credential spec in JSON form within the Pod spec.A validating webhook ensures all references to GMSAs are authorized to be used by the Pod service account.Installing the above webhooks and associated objects require the steps below:Create a certificate key pair (that will be used to allow the webhook container to communicate to the cluster)Install a secret with the certificate from above.Create a deployment for the core webhook logic.Create the validating and mutating webhook configurations referring to the deployment.A script can be used to deploy and configure the GMSA webhooks and associated objects mentioned above. The script can be run with a --dry-run=server option to allow you to review the changes that would be made to your cluster.The YAML template used by the script may also be used to deploy the webhooks and associated objects manually (with appropriate substitutions for the parameters)Configure GMSAs and Windows nodes in Active DirectoryBefore Pods in Kubernetes can be configured to use GMSAs, the desired GMSAs need to be provisioned in Active Directory as described in the Windows GMSA documentation. Windows worker nodes (that are part of the Kubernetes cluster) need to be configured in Active Directory to access the secret credentials associated with the desired GMSA as described in the Windows GMSA documentation.Cre


Question: What is Configure GMSA for Windows Pods and containers?

Answer: T h i s   p a g e   s h o w s   h o w   t o   c o n f i g u r e   G r o u p   M a n a g e d   S e r v i c e   A c c o u n t s   ( G M S A )   f o r   P o d s   a n d   c o n t a i n e r s   t h a t   w i l l   r u n   o n   W i n d o w s   n o d e s .   G r o u p   M a n a g e d   S e r v i c e   A c c o u n t s   a r e   a   s p e c i f i c   t y p e   o f   A c t i v e   D i r e c t o r y   a c c o u n t   t h a t   p r o v i d e s   a u t o m a t i c   p a s s w o r d   m a n a g e m e n t ,   s i m p l i f i e d   s e r v i c e   p r i n c i p a l   n a m e   ( S P N )   m a n a g e m e n t ,   a n d   t h e   a b i l i t y   t o   d e l e g a t e   t h e   m a n a g e m e n t   t o   o t h e r   a d m i n i s t r a t o r s   a c r o s s   m u l t i p l e   s e r v e r s .   I n   K u b e r n e t e s ,   G M S A   c r e d e n t i a l   s p e c s   a r e   c o n f i g u r e d   a t   a   K u b e r n e t e s   c l u s t e r - w i d e   s c o p e   a s   C u s t o m   R e s o u r c e s .   W i n d o w s   P o d s ,   a s   w e l l   a s   i n d i v i d u a l   c o n t a i n e r s   w i t h i n   a   P o d ,   c a n   b e   c o n f i g u r e d   t o   u s e   a   G M S A   f o r   d o m a i n   b a s e d   f u n c t i o n s   ( e . g .   K e r b e r o s   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n )   w h e n   i n t e r a c t i n g   w i t h   o t h e r   W i n d o w s   s e r v i c e s .


Question: What is Before you begin?

Answer: Y o u   n e e d   t o   h a v e   a   K u b e r n e t e s   c l u s t e r   a n d   t h e   k u b e c t l   c o m m a n d - l i n e   t o o l   m u s t   b e   c o n f i g u r e d   t o   c o m m u n i c a t e   w i t h   y o u r   c l u s t e r .   T h e   c l u s t e r   i s   e x p e c t e d   t o   h a v e   W i n d o w s   w o r k e r   n o d e s .   T h i s   s e c t i o n   c o v e r s   a   s e t   o f   i n i t i a l   s t e p s   r e q u i r e d   o n c e   f o r   e a c h   c l u s t e r :


Question: What is Install the GMSACredentialSpec CRD?

Answer: A   C u s t o m R e s o u r c e D e f i n i t i o n ( C R D )   f o r   G M S A   c r e d e n t i a l   s p e c   r e s o u r c e s   n e e d s   t o   b e   c o n f i g u r e d   o n   t h e   c l u s t e r   t o   d e f i n e   t h e   c u s t o m   r e s o u r c e   t y p e   G M S A C r e d e n t i a l S p e c .   D o w n l o a d   t h e   G M S A   C R D   Y A M L   a n d   s a v e   i t   a s   g m s a - c r d . y a m l .   N e x t ,   i n s t a l l   t h e   C R D   w i t h   k u b e c t l   a p p l y   - f   g m s a - c r d . y a m l


Question: What is Install webhooks to validate GMSA users?

Answer: T w o   w e b h o o k s   n e e d   t o   b e   c o n f i g u r e d   o n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   c l u s t e r   t o   p o p u l a t e   a n d   v a l i d a t e   G M S A   c r e d e n t i a l   s p e c   r e f e r e n c e s   a t   t h e   P o d   o r   c o n t a i n e r   l e v e l :   A   m u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k   t h a t   e x p a n d s   r e f e r e n c e s   t o   G M S A s   ( b y   n a m e   f r o m   a   P o d   s p e c i f i c a t i o n )   i n t o   t h e   f u l l   c r e d e n t i a l   s p e c   i n   J S O N   f o r m   w i t h i n   t h e   P o d   s p e c . A   v a l i d a t i n g   w e b h o o k   e n s u r e s   a l l   r e f e r e n c e s   t o   G M S A s   a r e   a u t h o r i z e d   t o   b e   u s e d   b y   t h e   P o d   s e r v i c e   a c c o u n t .   A   m u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k   t h a t   e x p a n d s   r e f e r e n c e s   t o   G M S A s   ( b y   n a m e   f r o m   a   P o d   s p e c i f i c a t i o n )   i n t o   t h e   f u l l   c r e d e n t i a l   s p e c   i n   J S O N   f o r m   w i t h i n   t h e   P o d   s p e c .   A   v a l i d a t i n g   w e b h o o k   e n s u r e s   a l l   r e f e r e n c e s   t o   G M S A s   a r e   a u t h o r i z e d   t o   b e   u s e d   b y   t h e   P o d   s e r v i c e   a c c o u n t .   I n s t a l l i n g   t h e   a b o v e   w e b h o o k s   a n d   a s s o c i a t e d   o b j e c t s   r e q u i r e   t h e   s t e p s   b e l o w :   C r e a t e   a   c e r t i f i c a t e   k e y   p a i r   ( t h a t   w i l l   b e   u s e d   t o   a l l o w   t h e   w e b h o o k   c o n t a i n e r   t o   c o m m u n i c a t e   t o   t h e   c l u s t e r ) I n s t a l l   a   s e c r e t   w i t h   t h e   c e r t i f i c a t e   f r o m   a b o v e . C r e a t e   a   d e p l o y m e n t   f o r   t h e   c o r e   w e b h o o k   l o g i c . C r e a t e   t h e   v a l i d a t i n g   a n d   m u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k   c o n f i g u r a


Question: What is Configure GMSAs and Windows nodes in Active Directory?

Answer: B e f o r e   P o d s   i n   K u b e r n e t e s   c a n   b e   c o n f i g u r e d   t o   u s e   G M S A s ,   t h e   d e s i r e d   G M S A s   n e e d   t o   b e   p r o v i s i o n e d   i n   A c t i v e   D i r e c t o r y   a s   d e s c r i b e d   i n   t h e   W i n d o w s   G M S A   d o c u m e n t a t i o n .   W i n d o w s   w o r k e r   n o d e s   ( t h a t   a r e   p a r t   o f   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   c l u s t e r )   n e e d   t o   b e   c o n f i g u r e d   i n   A c t i v e   D i r e c t o r y   t o   a c c e s s   t h e   s e c r e t   c r e d e n t i a l s   a s s o c i a t e d   w i t h   t h e   d e s i r e d   G M S A   a s   d e s c r i b e d   i n   t h e   W i n d o w s   G M S A   d o c u m e n t a t i o n .


Question: What is Create GMSA credential spec resources?

Answer: W i t h   t h e   G M S A C r e d e n t i a l S p e c   C R D   i n s t a l l e d   ( a s   d e s c r i b e d   e a r l i e r ) ,   c u s t o m   r e s o u r c e s   c o n t a i n i n g   G M S A   c r e d e n t i a l   s p e c s   c a n   b e   c o n f i g u r e d .   T h e   G M S A   c r e d e n t i a l   s p e c   d o e s   n o t   c o n t a i n   s e c r e t   o r   s e n s i t i v e   d a t a .   I t   i s   i n f o r m a t i o n   t h a t   a   c o n t a i n e r   r u n t i m e   c a n   u s e   t o   d e s c r i b e   t h e   d e s i r e d   G M S A   o f   a   c o n t a i n e r   t o   W i n d o w s .   G M S A   c r e d e n t i a l   s p e c s   c a n   b e   g e n e r a t e d   i n   Y A M L   f o r m a t   w i t h   a   u t i l i t y   P o w e r S h e l l   s c r i p t .   F o l l o w i n g   a r e   t h e   s t e p s   f o r   g e n e r a t i n g   a   G M S A   c r e d e n t i a l   s p e c   Y A M L   m a n u a l l y   i n   J S O N   f o r m a t   a n d   t h e n   c o n v e r t i n g   i t :   I m p o r t   t h e   C r e d e n t i a l S p e c   m o d u l e :   i p m o   C r e d e n t i a l S p e c . p s m 1 C r e a t e   a   c r e d e n t i a l   s p e c   i n   J S O N   f o r m a t   u s i n g   N e w - C r e d e n t i a l S p e c .   T o   c r e a t e   a   G M S A   c r e d e n t i a l   s p e c   n a m e d   W e b A p p 1 ,   i n v o k e   N e w - C r e d e n t i a l S p e c   - N a m e   W e b A p p 1   - A c c o u n t N a m e   W e b A p p 1   - D o m a i n   $ ( G e t - A D D o m a i n   - C u r r e n t   L o c a l C o m p u t e r ) U s e   G e t - C r e d e n t i a l S p e c   t o   s h o w   t h e   p a t h   o f   t h e   J S O N   f i l e . C o n v e r t   t h e   c r e d s p e c   f i l e   f r o m   J S O N   t o   Y A M L   f o r m a t   a n d   a p p l y   t h e   n e c e s s a r y   h e a d e r   f i e l d s   a p i V e r s i o n ,   k i n d ,   m e t a d a t a   a n d   c r e d s p e c   t o   m a k e   i t   a   G M S A C r e d e


Question: What is Configure cluster role to enable RBAC on specific GMSA credential specs?

Answer: A   c l u s t e r   r o l e   n e e d s   t o   b e   d e f i n e d   f o r   e a c h   G M S A   c r e d e n t i a l   s p e c   r e s o u r c e .   T h i s   a u t h o r i z e s   t h e   u s e   v e r b   o n   a   s p e c i f i c   G M S A   r e s o u r c e   b y   a   s u b j e c t   w h i c h   i s   t y p i c a l l y   a   s e r v i c e   a c c o u n t .   T h e   f o l l o w i n g   e x a m p l e   s h o w s   a   c l u s t e r   r o l e   t h a t   a u t h o r i z e s   u s a g e   o f   t h e   g m s a - W e b A p p 1   c r e d e n t i a l   s p e c   f r o m   a b o v e .   S a v e   t h e   f i l e   a s   g m s a - w e b a p p 1 - r o l e . y a m l   a n d   a p p l y   u s i n g   k u b e c t l   a p p l y   - f   g m s a - w e b a p p 1 - r o l e . y a m l   #   C r e a t e   t h e   R o l e   t o   r e a d   t h e   c r e d s p e c   a p i V e r s i o n :   r b a c . a u t h o r i z a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1   k i n d :   C l u s t e r R o l e   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   w e b a p p 1 - r o l e   r u l e s :   -   a p i G r o u p s :   [ " w i n d o w s . k 8 s . i o " ]   r e s o u r c e s :   [ " g m s a c r e d e n t i a l s p e c s " ]   v e r b s :   [ " u s e " ]   r e s o u r c e N a m e s :   [ " g m s a - W e b A p p 1 " ]


Question: What is Assign role to service accounts to use specific GMSA credspecs?

Answer: A   s e r v i c e   a c c o u n t   ( t h a t   P o d s   w i l l   b e   c o n f i g u r e d   w i t h )   n e e d s   t o   b e   b o u n d   t o   t h e   c l u s t e r   r o l e   c r e a t e   a b o v e .   T h i s   a u t h o r i z e s   t h e   s e r v i c e   a c c o u n t   t o   u s e   t h e   d e s i r e d   G M S A   c r e d e n t i a l   s p e c   r e s o u r c e .   T h e   f o l l o w i n g   s h o w s   t h e   d e f a u l t   s e r v i c e   a c c o u n t   b e i n g   b o u n d   t o   a   c l u s t e r   r o l e   w e b a p p 1 - r o l e   t o   u s e   g m s a - W e b A p p 1   c r e d e n t i a l   s p e c   r e s o u r c e   c r e a t e d   a b o v e .   a p i V e r s i o n :   r b a c . a u t h o r i z a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1   k i n d :   R o l e B i n d i n g   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   a l l o w - d e f a u l t - s v c - a c c o u n t - r e a d - o n - g m s a - W e b A p p 1   n a m e s p a c e :   d e f a u l t   s u b j e c t s :   -   k i n d :   S e r v i c e A c c o u n t   n a m e :   d e f a u l t   n a m e s p a c e :   d e f a u l t   r o l e R e f :   k i n d :   C l u s t e r R o l e   n a m e :   w e b a p p 1 - r o l e   a p i G r o u p :   r b a c . a u t h o r i z a t i o n . k 8 s . i o


Question: What is Configure GMSA credential spec reference in Pod spec?

Answer: T h e   P o d   s p e c   f i e l d   s e c u r i t y C o n t e x t . w i n d o w s O p t i o n s . g m s a C r e d e n t i a l S p e c N a m e   i s   u s e d   t o   s p e c i f y   r e f e r e n c e s   t o   d e s i r e d   G M S A   c r e d e n t i a l   s p e c   c u s t o m   r e s o u r c e s   i n   P o d   s p e c s .   T h i s   c o n f i g u r e s   a l l   c o n t a i n e r s   i n   t h e   P o d   s p e c   t o   u s e   t h e   s p e c i f i e d   G M S A .   A   s a m p l e   P o d   s p e c   w i t h   t h e   a n n o t a t i o n   p o p u l a t e d   t o   r e f e r   t o   g m s a - W e b A p p 1 :   a p i V e r s i o n :   a p p s / v 1   k i n d :   D e p l o y m e n t   m e t a d a t a :   l a b e l s :   r u n :   w i t h - c r e d s   n a m e :   w i t h - c r e d s   n a m e s p a c e :   d e f a u l t   s p e c :   r e p l i c a s :   1   s e l e c t o r :   m a t c h L a b e l s :   r u n :   w i t h - c r e d s   t e m p l a t e :   m e t a d a t a :   l a b e l s :   r u n :   w i t h - c r e d s   s p e c :   s e c u r i t y C o n t e x t :   w i n d o w s O p t i o n s :   g m s a C r e d e n t i a l S p e c N a m e :   g m s a - w e b a p p 1   c o n t a i n e r s :   -   i m a g e :   m c r . m i c r o s o f t . c o m / w i n d o w s / s e r v e r c o r e / i i s : w i n d o w s s e r v e r c o r e - l t s c 2 0 1 9   i m a g e P u l l P o l i c y :   A l w a y s   n a m e :   i i s   n o d e S e l e c t o r :   k u b e r n e t e s . i o / o s :   w i n d o w s   I n d i v i d u a l   c o n t a i n e r s   i n   a   P o d   s p e c   c a n   a l s o   s p e c i f y   t h e   d e s i r e d   G M S A   c r e d s p e c   u s i n g   a   p e r - c o n t a i n e r   s e c u r i t y C o n t e x t . w i n d o w s O p t i o n s . g m s a C r e d e n t i a l S p e c N a m e   f i e l d .   F o r   e x a m p l e :   a p i V e r s i o n :   a p p s / v 1   k i n d :   D e p l o y m e n t   m e t a d a t a :   l a b e l s :   r u n :   w i t h


Question: What is Authenticating to network shares using hostname or FQDN?

Answer: I f   y o u   a r e   e x p e r i e n c i n g   i s s u e s   c o n n e c t i n g   t o   S M B   s h a r e s   f r o m   P o d s   u s i n g   h o s t n a m e   o r   F Q D N ,   b u t   a r e   a b l e   t o   a c c e s s   t h e   s h a r e s   v i a   t h e i r   I P v 4   a d d r e s s   t h e n   m a k e   s u r e   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   r e g i s t r y   k e y   i s   s e t   o n   t h e   W i n d o w s   n o d e s .   r e g   a d d   " H K L M \ S Y S T E M \ C u r r e n t C o n t r o l S e t \ S e r v i c e s \ h n s \ S t a t e "   / v   E n a b l e C o m p a r t m e n t N a m e s p a c e   / t   R E G _ D W O R D   / d   1   R u n n i n g   P o d s   w i l l   t h e n   n e e d   t o   b e   r e c r e a t e d   t o   p i c k   u p   t h e   b e h a v i o r   c h a n g e s .   M o r e   i n f o r m a t i o n   o n   h o w   t h i s   r e g i s t r y   k e y   i s   u s e d   c a n   b e   f o u n d   h e r e


Question: What is Troubleshooting?

Answer: I f   y o u   a r e   h a v i n g   d i f f i c u l t i e s   g e t t i n g   G M S A   t o   w o r k   i n   y o u r   e n v i r o n m e n t ,   t h e r e   a r e   a   f e w   t r o u b l e s h o o t i n g   s t e p s   y o u   c a n   t a k e .   F i r s t ,   m a k e   s u r e   t h e   c r e d s p e c   h a s   b e e n   p a s s e d   t o   t h e   P o d .   T o   d o   t h i s   y o u   w i l l   n e e d   t o   e x e c   i n t o   o n e   o f   y o u r   P o d s   a n d   c h e c k   t h e   o u t p u t   o f   t h e   n l t e s t . e x e   / p a r e n t d o m a i n   c o m m a n d .   I n   t h e   e x a m p l e   b e l o w   t h e   P o d   d i d   n o t   g e t   t h e   c r e d s p e c   c o r r e c t l y :   k u b e c t l   e x e c   - i t   i i s - a u t h - 7 7 7 6 9 6 6 9 9 9 - n 5 n z r   p o w e r s h e l l . e x e   n l t e s t . e x e   / p a r e n t d o m a i n   r e s u l t s   i n   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   e r r o r :   G e t t i n g   p a r e n t   d o m a i n   f a i l e d :   S t a t u s   =   1 7 2 2   0 x 6 b a   R P C _ S _ S E R V E R _ U N A V A I L A B L E   I f   y o u r   P o d   d i d   g e t   t h e   c r e d s p e c   c o r r e c t l y ,   t h e n   n e x t   c h e c k   c o m m u n i c a t i o n   w i t h   t h e   d o m a i n .   F i r s t ,   f r o m   i n s i d e   o f   y o u r   P o d ,   q u i c k l y   d o   a n   n s l o o k u p   t o   f i n d   t h e   r o o t   o f   y o u r   d o m a i n .   T h i s   w i l l   t e l l   u s   3   t h i n g s :   T h e   P o d   c a n   r e a c h   t h e   D C T h e   D C   c a n   r e a c h   t h e   P o d D N S   i s   w o r k i n g   c o r r e c t l y .   I f   t h e   D N S   a n d   c o m m u n i c a t i o n   t e s t   p a s s e s ,   n e x t   y o u   w i l l   n e e d   t o   c h e c k   i f   t h e   P o d   h a s   e s t a b l i s h e d   s e c u r e   c h a n n e l   c o m m u n i c a t i o n   w i t h   t h e   d o m a i n .   T o   d o   t h i s ,   a g a i n ,   e x


Question: What is Kubernetes Security and Disclosure Information?

Answer: Kubernetes Security and Disclosure InformationThis page describes Kubernetes security and disclosure information.Security AnnouncementsJoin the kubernetes-security-announce group for emails about security and major API announcements.Report a VulnerabilityWe're extremely grateful for security researchers and users that report vulnerabilities to the Kubernetes Open Source Community. All reports are thoroughly investigated by a set of community volunteers.To make a report, submit your vulnerability to the Kubernetes bug bounty program. This allows triage and handling of the vulnerability with standardized response times.You can also email the private security@kubernetes.io list with the security details and the details expected for all Kubernetes bug reports.You may encrypt your email to this list using the GPG keys of the Security Response Committee members. Encryption using GPG is NOT required to make a disclosure.When Should I Report a Vulnerability?You think you discovered a potential security vulnerability in KubernetesYou are unsure how a vulnerability affects KubernetesYou think you discovered a vulnerability in another project that Kubernetes depends onFor projects with their own vulnerability reporting and disclosure process, please report it directly thereWhen Should I NOT Report a Vulnerability?You need help tuning Kubernetes components for securityYou need help applying security related updatesYour issue is not security relatedSecurity Vulnerability ResponseEach report is acknowledged and analyzed by Security Response Committee members within 3 working days. This will set off the Security Release Process.Any vulnerability information shared with Security Response Committee stays within Kubernetes project and will not be disseminated to other projects unless it is necessary to get the issue fixed.As the security issue moves from triage, to identified fix, to release planning we will keep the reporter updated.Public Disclosure TimingA public disclosure date is negotiated by the Kubernetes Security Response Committee and the bug submitter. We prefer to fully disclose the bug as soon as possible once a user mitigation is available. It is reasonable to delay disclosure when the bug or the fix is not yet fully understood, the solution is not well-tested, or for vendor coordination. The timeframe for disclosure is from immediate (especially if it's already publicly known) to a few weeks. For a vulnerability with a straightforward mitigation, we expect report date to disclosure date to be on the order of 7 days. The Kubernetes Security Response Committee holds the final say when setting a disclosure date.


Question: How does Kubernetes Security and Disclosure Information work?

Answer: Kubernetes Security and Disclosure InformationThis page describes Kubernetes security and disclosure information.Security AnnouncementsJoin the kubernetes-security-announce group for emails about security and major API announcements.Report a VulnerabilityWe're extremely grateful for security researchers and users that report vulnerabilities to the Kubernetes Open Source Community. All reports are thoroughly investigated by a set of community volunteers.To make a report, submit your vulnerability to the Kubernetes bug bounty program. This allows triage and handling of the vulnerability with standardized response times.You can also email the private security@kubernetes.io list with the security details and the details expected for all Kubernetes bug reports.You may encrypt your email to this list using the GPG keys of the Security Response Committee members. Encryption using GPG is NOT required to make a disclosure.When Should I Report a Vulnerability?You think you discovered a potential security vulnerability in KubernetesYou are unsure how a vulnerability affects KubernetesYou think you discovered a vulnerability in another project that Kubernetes depends onFor projects with their own vulnerability reporting and disclosure process, please report it directly thereWhen Should I NOT Report a Vulnerability?You need help tuning Kubernetes components for securityYou need help applying security related updatesYour issue is not security relatedSecurity Vulnerability ResponseEach report is acknowledged and analyzed by Security Response Committee members within 3 working days. This will set off the Security Release Process.Any vulnerability information shared with Security Response Committee stays within Kubernetes project and will not be disseminated to other projects unless it is necessary to get the issue fixed.As the security issue moves from triage, to identified fix, to release planning we will keep the reporter updated.Public Disclosure TimingA public disclosure date is negotiated by the Kubernetes Security Response Committee and the bug submitter. We prefer to fully disclose the bug as soon as possible once a user mitigation is available. It is reasonable to delay disclosure when the bug or the fix is not yet fully understood, the solution is not well-tested, or for vendor coordination. The timeframe for disclosure is from immediate (especially if it's already publicly known) to a few weeks. For a vulnerability with a straightforward mitigation, we expect report date to disclosure date to be on the order of 7 days. The Kubernetes Security Response Committee holds the final say when setting a disclosure date.


Question: When would you use Kubernetes Security and Disclosure Information?

Answer: Kubernetes Security and Disclosure InformationThis page describes Kubernetes security and disclosure information.Security AnnouncementsJoin the kubernetes-security-announce group for emails about security and major API announcements.Report a VulnerabilityWe're extremely grateful for security researchers and users that report vulnerabilities to the Kubernetes Open Source Community. All reports are thoroughly investigated by a set of community volunteers.To make a report, submit your vulnerability to the Kubernetes bug bounty program. This allows triage and handling of the vulnerability with standardized response times.You can also email the private security@kubernetes.io list with the security details and the details expected for all Kubernetes bug reports.You may encrypt your email to this list using the GPG keys of the Security Response Committee members. Encryption using GPG is NOT required to make a disclosure.When Should I Report a Vulnerability?You think you discovered a potential security vulnerability in KubernetesYou are unsure how a vulnerability affects KubernetesYou think you discovered a vulnerability in another project that Kubernetes depends onFor projects with their own vulnerability reporting and disclosure process, please report it directly thereWhen Should I NOT Report a Vulnerability?You need help tuning Kubernetes components for securityYou need help applying security related updatesYour issue is not security relatedSecurity Vulnerability ResponseEach report is acknowledged and analyzed by Security Response Committee members within 3 working days. This will set off the Security Release Process.Any vulnerability information shared with Security Response Committee stays within Kubernetes project and will not be disseminated to other projects unless it is necessary to get the issue fixed.As the security issue moves from triage, to identified fix, to release planning we will keep the reporter updated.Public Disclosure TimingA public disclosure date is negotiated by the Kubernetes Security Response Committee and the bug submitter. We prefer to fully disclose the bug as soon as possible once a user mitigation is available. It is reasonable to delay disclosure when the bug or the fix is not yet fully understood, the solution is not well-tested, or for vendor coordination. The timeframe for disclosure is from immediate (especially if it's already publicly known) to a few weeks. For a vulnerability with a straightforward mitigation, we expect report date to disclosure date to be on the order of 7 days. The Kubernetes Security Response Committee holds the final say when setting a disclosure date.