Question: What is Horizontal Pod Autoscaling?

Answer: Horizontal Pod AutoscalingIn Kubernetes, a HorizontalPodAutoscaler automatically updates a workload resource (such as a Deployment or StatefulSet), with the aim of automatically scaling the workload to match demand.Horizontal scaling means that the response to increased load is to deploy more Pods. This is different from vertical scaling, which for Kubernetes would mean assigning more resources (for example: memory or CPU) to the Pods that are already running for the workload.If the load decreases, and the number of Pods is above the configured minimum, the HorizontalPodAutoscaler instructs the workload resource (the Deployment, StatefulSet, or other similar resource) to scale back down.Horizontal pod autoscaling does not apply to objects that can't be scaled (for example: a DaemonSet.)The HorizontalPodAutoscaler is implemented as a Kubernetes API resource and a controller. The resource determines the behavior of the controller. The horizontal pod autoscaling controller, running within the Kubernetes control plane, periodically adjusts the desired scale of its target (for example, a Deployment) to match observed metrics such as average CPU utilization, average memory utilization, or any other custom metric you specify.There is walkthrough example of using horizontal pod autoscaling.How does a HorizontalPodAutoscaler work?graph BT hpa[Horizontal Pod Autoscaler] --> scale[Scale] subgraph rc[RC / Deployment] scale end scale -.-> pod1[Pod 1] scale -.-> pod2[Pod 2] scale -.-> pod3[Pod N] classDef hpa fill:#D5A6BD,stroke:#1E1E1D,stroke-width:1px,color:#1E1E1D; classDef rc fill:#F9CB9C,stroke:#1E1E1D,stroke-width:1px,color:#1E1E1D; classDef scale fill:#B6D7A8,stroke:#1E1E1D,stroke-width:1px,color:#1E1E1D; classDef pod fill:#9FC5E8,stroke:#1E1E1D,stroke-width:1px,color:#1E1E1D; class hpa hpa; class rc rc; class scale scale; class pod1,pod2,pod3 podJavaScript must be enabled to view this contentFigure 1. HorizontalPodAutoscaler controls the scale of a Deployment and its ReplicaSetKubernetes implements horizontal pod autoscaling as a control loop that runs intermittently (it is not a continuous process). The interval is set by the --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period parameter to the kube-controller-manager (and the default interval is 15 seconds).Once during each period, the controller manager queries the resource utilization against the metrics specified in each HorizontalPodAutoscaler definition. The controller manager finds the target resource defined by the scaleTargetRef, then selects the pods based on the target resource's .spec.selector labels, and obtains the metrics from either the resource metrics API (for per-pod resource metrics), or the custom metrics API (for all other metrics).For per-pod resource metrics (like CPU), the controller fetches the metrics from the resource metrics API for each Pod targeted by the HorizontalPodAutoscaler. Then, if a target utilization value is set, the controller calculates the utilization value as a percenta


Question: How does Horizontal Pod Autoscaling work?

Answer: Horizontal Pod AutoscalingIn Kubernetes, a HorizontalPodAutoscaler automatically updates a workload resource (such as a Deployment or StatefulSet), with the aim of automatically scaling the workload to match demand.Horizontal scaling means that the response to increased load is to deploy more Pods. This is different from vertical scaling, which for Kubernetes would mean assigning more resources (for example: memory or CPU) to the Pods that are already running for the workload.If the load decreases, and the number of Pods is above the configured minimum, the HorizontalPodAutoscaler instructs the workload resource (the Deployment, StatefulSet, or other similar resource) to scale back down.Horizontal pod autoscaling does not apply to objects that can't be scaled (for example: a DaemonSet.)The HorizontalPodAutoscaler is implemented as a Kubernetes API resource and a controller. The resource determines the behavior of the controller. The horizontal pod autoscaling controller, running within the Kubernetes control plane, periodically adjusts the desired scale of its target (for example, a Deployment) to match observed metrics such as average CPU utilization, average memory utilization, or any other custom metric you specify.There is walkthrough example of using horizontal pod autoscaling.How does a HorizontalPodAutoscaler work?graph BT hpa[Horizontal Pod Autoscaler] --> scale[Scale] subgraph rc[RC / Deployment] scale end scale -.-> pod1[Pod 1] scale -.-> pod2[Pod 2] scale -.-> pod3[Pod N] classDef hpa fill:#D5A6BD,stroke:#1E1E1D,stroke-width:1px,color:#1E1E1D; classDef rc fill:#F9CB9C,stroke:#1E1E1D,stroke-width:1px,color:#1E1E1D; classDef scale fill:#B6D7A8,stroke:#1E1E1D,stroke-width:1px,color:#1E1E1D; classDef pod fill:#9FC5E8,stroke:#1E1E1D,stroke-width:1px,color:#1E1E1D; class hpa hpa; class rc rc; class scale scale; class pod1,pod2,pod3 podJavaScript must be enabled to view this contentFigure 1. HorizontalPodAutoscaler controls the scale of a Deployment and its ReplicaSetKubernetes implements horizontal pod autoscaling as a control loop that runs intermittently (it is not a continuous process). The interval is set by the --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period parameter to the kube-controller-manager (and the default interval is 15 seconds).Once during each period, the controller manager queries the resource utilization against the metrics specified in each HorizontalPodAutoscaler definition. The controller manager finds the target resource defined by the scaleTargetRef, then selects the pods based on the target resource's .spec.selector labels, and obtains the metrics from either the resource metrics API (for per-pod resource metrics), or the custom metrics API (for all other metrics).For per-pod resource metrics (like CPU), the controller fetches the metrics from the resource metrics API for each Pod targeted by the HorizontalPodAutoscaler. Then, if a target utilization value is set, the controller calculates the utilization value as a percenta


Question: When would you use Horizontal Pod Autoscaling?

Answer: Horizontal Pod AutoscalingIn Kubernetes, a HorizontalPodAutoscaler automatically updates a workload resource (such as a Deployment or StatefulSet), with the aim of automatically scaling the workload to match demand.Horizontal scaling means that the response to increased load is to deploy more Pods. This is different from vertical scaling, which for Kubernetes would mean assigning more resources (for example: memory or CPU) to the Pods that are already running for the workload.If the load decreases, and the number of Pods is above the configured minimum, the HorizontalPodAutoscaler instructs the workload resource (the Deployment, StatefulSet, or other similar resource) to scale back down.Horizontal pod autoscaling does not apply to objects that can't be scaled (for example: a DaemonSet.)The HorizontalPodAutoscaler is implemented as a Kubernetes API resource and a controller. The resource determines the behavior of the controller. The horizontal pod autoscaling controller, running within the Kubernetes control plane, periodically adjusts the desired scale of its target (for example, a Deployment) to match observed metrics such as average CPU utilization, average memory utilization, or any other custom metric you specify.There is walkthrough example of using horizontal pod autoscaling.How does a HorizontalPodAutoscaler work?graph BT hpa[Horizontal Pod Autoscaler] --> scale[Scale] subgraph rc[RC / Deployment] scale end scale -.-> pod1[Pod 1] scale -.-> pod2[Pod 2] scale -.-> pod3[Pod N] classDef hpa fill:#D5A6BD,stroke:#1E1E1D,stroke-width:1px,color:#1E1E1D; classDef rc fill:#F9CB9C,stroke:#1E1E1D,stroke-width:1px,color:#1E1E1D; classDef scale fill:#B6D7A8,stroke:#1E1E1D,stroke-width:1px,color:#1E1E1D; classDef pod fill:#9FC5E8,stroke:#1E1E1D,stroke-width:1px,color:#1E1E1D; class hpa hpa; class rc rc; class scale scale; class pod1,pod2,pod3 podJavaScript must be enabled to view this contentFigure 1. HorizontalPodAutoscaler controls the scale of a Deployment and its ReplicaSetKubernetes implements horizontal pod autoscaling as a control loop that runs intermittently (it is not a continuous process). The interval is set by the --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period parameter to the kube-controller-manager (and the default interval is 15 seconds).Once during each period, the controller manager queries the resource utilization against the metrics specified in each HorizontalPodAutoscaler definition. The controller manager finds the target resource defined by the scaleTargetRef, then selects the pods based on the target resource's .spec.selector labels, and obtains the metrics from either the resource metrics API (for per-pod resource metrics), or the custom metrics API (for all other metrics).For per-pod resource metrics (like CPU), the controller fetches the metrics from the resource metrics API for each Pod targeted by the HorizontalPodAutoscaler. Then, if a target utilization value is set, the controller calculates the utilization value as a percenta


Question: What are the benefits of Horizontal Pod Autoscaling?

Answer: Horizontal Pod AutoscalingIn Kubernetes, a HorizontalPodAutoscaler automatically updates a workload resource (such as a Deployment or StatefulSet), with the aim of automatically scaling the workload to match demand.Horizontal scaling means that the response to increased load is to deploy more Pods. This is different from vertical scaling, which for Kubernetes would mean assigning more resources (for example: memory or CPU) to the Pods that are already running for the workload.If the load decreases, and the number of Pods is above the configured minimum, the HorizontalPodAutoscaler instructs the workload resource (the Deployment, StatefulSet, or other similar resource) to scale back down.Horizontal pod autoscaling does not apply to objects that can't be scaled (for example: a DaemonSet.)The HorizontalPodAutoscaler is implemented as a Kubernetes API resource and a controller. The resource determines the behavior of the controller. The horizontal pod autoscaling controller, running within the Kubernetes control plane, periodically adjusts the desired scale of its target (for example, a Deployment) to match observed metrics such as average CPU utilization, average memory utilization, or any other custom metric you specify.There is walkthrough example of using horizontal pod autoscaling.How does a HorizontalPodAutoscaler work?graph BT hpa[Horizontal Pod Autoscaler] --> scale[Scale] subgraph rc[RC / Deployment] scale end scale -.-> pod1[Pod 1] scale -.-> pod2[Pod 2] scale -.-> pod3[Pod N] classDef hpa fill:#D5A6BD,stroke:#1E1E1D,stroke-width:1px,color:#1E1E1D; classDef rc fill:#F9CB9C,stroke:#1E1E1D,stroke-width:1px,color:#1E1E1D; classDef scale fill:#B6D7A8,stroke:#1E1E1D,stroke-width:1px,color:#1E1E1D; classDef pod fill:#9FC5E8,stroke:#1E1E1D,stroke-width:1px,color:#1E1E1D; class hpa hpa; class rc rc; class scale scale; class pod1,pod2,pod3 podJavaScript must be enabled to view this contentFigure 1. HorizontalPodAutoscaler controls the scale of a Deployment and its ReplicaSetKubernetes implements horizontal pod autoscaling as a control loop that runs intermittently (it is not a continuous process). The interval is set by the --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period parameter to the kube-controller-manager (and the default interval is 15 seconds).Once during each period, the controller manager queries the resource utilization against the metrics specified in each HorizontalPodAutoscaler definition. The controller manager finds the target resource defined by the scaleTargetRef, then selects the pods based on the target resource's .spec.selector labels, and obtains the metrics from either the resource metrics API (for per-pod resource metrics), or the custom metrics API (for all other metrics).For per-pod resource metrics (like CPU), the controller fetches the metrics from the resource metrics API for each Pod targeted by the HorizontalPodAutoscaler. Then, if a target utilization value is set, the controller calculates the utilization value as a percenta


Question: What is Horizontal Pod Autoscaling?

Answer: I n   K u b e r n e t e s ,   a   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   u p d a t e s   a   w o r k l o a d   r e s o u r c e   ( s u c h   a s   a   D e p l o y m e n t   o r   S t a t e f u l S e t ) ,   w i t h   t h e   a i m   o f   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   s c a l i n g   t h e   w o r k l o a d   t o   m a t c h   d e m a n d .   H o r i z o n t a l   s c a l i n g   m e a n s   t h a t   t h e   r e s p o n s e   t o   i n c r e a s e d   l o a d   i s   t o   d e p l o y   m o r e   P o d s .   T h i s   i s   d i f f e r e n t   f r o m   v e r t i c a l   s c a l i n g ,   w h i c h   f o r   K u b e r n e t e s   w o u l d   m e a n   a s s i g n i n g   m o r e   r e s o u r c e s   ( f o r   e x a m p l e :   m e m o r y   o r   C P U )   t o   t h e   P o d s   t h a t   a r e   a l r e a d y   r u n n i n g   f o r   t h e   w o r k l o a d .   I f   t h e   l o a d   d e c r e a s e s ,   a n d   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   P o d s   i s   a b o v e   t h e   c o n f i g u r e d   m i n i m u m ,   t h e   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   i n s t r u c t s   t h e   w o r k l o a d   r e s o u r c e   ( t h e   D e p l o y m e n t ,   S t a t e f u l S e t ,   o r   o t h e r   s i m i l a r   r e s o u r c e )   t o   s c a l e   b a c k   d o w n .   H o r i z o n t a l   p o d   a u t o s c a l i n g   d o e s   n o t   a p p l y   t o   o b j e c t s   t h a t   c a n ' t   b e   s c a l e d   ( f o r   e x a m p l e :   a   D a e m o n S e t . )   T h e   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   i s   i m p l e m e n t e d   a s   a   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I   r e s o u r c e   a n d   a   c o n t r o l l e r .   T h e   r e s o u r c e   d e t e r m i n e s   t h e   b e h a v i o r   o f   t h e   c o n t r o l l e r .   T h e   h o r i z o n t a l   p o d   a u t o s c a l i n g   c o n t r o l l e r ,   r u n n i n g   w i t h i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   c o n t r o


Question: What is How does a HorizontalPodAutoscaler work??

Answer: F i g u r e   1 .   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   c o n t r o l s   t h e   s c a l e   o f   a   D e p l o y m e n t   a n d   i t s   R e p l i c a S e t   K u b e r n e t e s   i m p l e m e n t s   h o r i z o n t a l   p o d   a u t o s c a l i n g   a s   a   c o n t r o l   l o o p   t h a t   r u n s   i n t e r m i t t e n t l y   ( i t   i s   n o t   a   c o n t i n u o u s   p r o c e s s ) .   T h e   i n t e r v a l   i s   s e t   b y   t h e   - - h o r i z o n t a l - p o d - a u t o s c a l e r - s y n c - p e r i o d   p a r a m e t e r   t o   t h e   k u b e - c o n t r o l l e r - m a n a g e r   ( a n d   t h e   d e f a u l t   i n t e r v a l   i s   1 5   s e c o n d s ) .   O n c e   d u r i n g   e a c h   p e r i o d ,   t h e   c o n t r o l l e r   m a n a g e r   q u e r i e s   t h e   r e s o u r c e   u t i l i z a t i o n   a g a i n s t   t h e   m e t r i c s   s p e c i f i e d   i n   e a c h   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   d e f i n i t i o n .   T h e   c o n t r o l l e r   m a n a g e r   f i n d s   t h e   t a r g e t   r e s o u r c e   d e f i n e d   b y   t h e   s c a l e T a r g e t R e f ,   t h e n   s e l e c t s   t h e   p o d s   b a s e d   o n   t h e   t a r g e t   r e s o u r c e ' s   . s p e c . s e l e c t o r   l a b e l s ,   a n d   o b t a i n s   t h e   m e t r i c s   f r o m   e i t h e r   t h e   r e s o u r c e   m e t r i c s   A P I   ( f o r   p e r - p o d   r e s o u r c e   m e t r i c s ) ,   o r   t h e   c u s t o m   m e t r i c s   A P I   ( f o r   a l l   o t h e r   m e t r i c s ) .   F o r   p e r - p o d   r e s o u r c e   m e t r i c s   ( l i k e   C P U ) ,   t h e   c o n t r o l l e r   f e t c h e s   t h e   m e t r i c s   f r o m   t h e   r e s o u r c e   m e t r i c s   A P I   f o r   e a c h   P o d   t a r g e t e d   b y   t h e   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r .   T h e n ,   i f   a   t a r g e t   u t i


Question: What is Algorithm details?

Answer: F r o m   t h e   m o s t   b a s i c   p e r s p e c t i v e ,   t h e   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   c o n t r o l l e r   o p e r a t e s   o n   t h e   r a t i o   b e t w e e n   d e s i r e d   m e t r i c   v a l u e   a n d   c u r r e n t   m e t r i c   v a l u e :   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   i f   t h e   c u r r e n t   m e t r i c   v a l u e   i s   2 0 0 m ,   a n d   t h e   d e s i r e d   v a l u e   i s   1 0 0 m ,   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   r e p l i c a s   w i l l   b e   d o u b l e d ,   s i n c e   \ (   {   2 0 0 . 0   \ d i v   1 0 0 . 0   }   =   2 . 0   \ ) . I f   t h e   c u r r e n t   v a l u e   i s   i n s t e a d   5 0 m ,   y o u ' l l   h a l v e   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   r e p l i c a s ,   s i n c e   \ (   {   5 0 . 0   \ d i v   1 0 0 . 0   }   =   0 . 5   \ ) .   T h e   c o n t r o l   p l a n e   s k i p s   a n y   s c a l i n g   a c t i o n   i f   t h e   r a t i o   i s   s u f f i c i e n t l y   c l o s e   t o   1 . 0   ( w i t h i n   a   c o n f i g u r a b l e   t o l e r a n c e ,   0 . 1   b y   d e f a u l t ) .   W h e n   a   t a r g e t A v e r a g e V a l u e   o r   t a r g e t A v e r a g e U t i l i z a t i o n   i s   s p e c i f i e d ,   t h e   c u r r e n t M e t r i c V a l u e   i s   c o m p u t e d   b y   t a k i n g   t h e   a v e r a g e   o f   t h e   g i v e n   m e t r i c   a c r o s s   a l l   P o d s   i n   t h e   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r ' s   s c a l e   t a r g e t .   B e f o r e   c h e c k i n g   t h e   t o l e r a n c e   a n d   d e c i d i n g   o n   t h e   f i n a l   v a l u e s ,   t h e   c o n t r o l   p l a n e   a l s o   c o n s i d e r s   w h e t h e r   a n y   m e t r i c s   a r e   m i s s i n g ,   a n d   h o w   m a n y   P o d s   a r e   R e a d y .   A l l   P o d s   w i t h   a   d e l e t i o n   t i m e s t a m p   s e t   ( o b j e c t s   w i t h   a   d e l e t i o n   t i m e s t a m p   a


Question: What is Pod readiness and autoscaling metrics?

Answer: T h e   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   ( H P A )   c o n t r o l l e r   i n c l u d e s   t w o   f l a g s   t h a t   i n f l u e n c e   h o w   C P U   m e t r i c s   a r e   c o l l e c t e d   f r o m   P o d s   d u r i n g   s t a r t u p :   - - h o r i z o n t a l - p o d - a u t o s c a l e r - c p u - i n i t i a l i z a t i o n - p e r i o d   ( d e f a u l t :   5   m i n u t e s )   T h i s   d e f i n e s   t h e   t i m e   w i n d o w   a f t e r   a   P o d   s t a r t s   d u r i n g   w h i c h   i t s   C P U   u s a g e   i s   i g n o r e d   u n l e s s :   -   T h e   P o d   i s   i n   a   R e a d y   s t a t e   a n d   -   T h e   m e t r i c   s a m p l e   w a s   t a k e n   e n t i r e l y   d u r i n g   t h e   p e r i o d   i t   w a s   R e a d y .   T h i s   f l a g   h e l p s   e x c l u d e   m i s l e a d i n g   h i g h   C P U   u s a g e   f r o m   i n i t i a l i z i n g   P o d s   ( e . g . ,   J a v a   a p p s   w a r m i n g   u p )   i n   H P A   s c a l i n g   d e c i s i o n s .   - - h o r i z o n t a l - p o d - a u t o s c a l e r - i n i t i a l - r e a d i n e s s - d e l a y   ( d e f a u l t :   3 0   s e c o n d s )   T h i s   d e f i n e s   a   s h o r t   d e l a y   p e r i o d   a f t e r   a   P o d   s t a r t s   d u r i n g   w h i c h   t h e   H P A   c o n t r o l l e r   t r e a t s   P o d s   t h a t   a r e   c u r r e n t l y   U n r e a d y   a s   s t i l l   i n i t i a l i z i n g ,   e v e n   i f   t h e y   h a v e   p r e v i o u s l y   t r a n s i t i o n e d   t o   R e a d y   b r i e f l y .   I t   i s   d e s i g n e d   t o :   -   A v o i d   i n c l u d i n g   P o d s   t h a t   r a p i d l y   f l u c t u a t e   b e t w e e n   R e a d y   a n d   U n r e a d y   d u r i n g   s t a r t u p .   -   E n s u r e   s t a b i l i t y   i n   t h e   i n i t i a l   r e a d i n e s s   s i g n a l   b e f o r e   H P A   c o n s i d e r s   t h e


Question: What is Best Practice:?

Answer: I f   y o u r   P o d   h a s   a   s t a r t u p   p h a s e   w i t h   h i g h   C P U   u s a g e :   C o n f i g u r e   a   s t a r t u p P r o b e   t h a t   d o e s n ' t   p a s s   u n t i l   t h e   h i g h   C P U   u s a g e   h a s   p a s s e d ,   o r E n s u r e   y o u r   r e a d i n e s s P r o b e   o n l y   r e p o r t s   R e a d y   a f t e r   t h e   C P U   s p i k e   s u b s i d e s ,   u s i n g   i n i t i a l D e l a y S e c o n d s .   A n d   i d e a l l y   a l s o   s e t   - - h o r i z o n t a l - p o d - a u t o s c a l e r - c p u - i n i t i a l i z a t i o n - p e r i o d   t o   c o v e r   t h e   s t a r t u p   d u r a t i o n .


Question: What is API Object?

Answer: T h e   H o r i z o n t a l   P o d   A u t o s c a l e r   i s   a n   A P I   r e s o u r c e   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   a u t o s c a l i n g   A P I   g r o u p .   T h e   c u r r e n t   s t a b l e   v e r s i o n   c a n   b e   f o u n d   i n   t h e   a u t o s c a l i n g / v 2   A P I   v e r s i o n   w h i c h   i n c l u d e s   s u p p o r t   f o r   s c a l i n g   o n   m e m o r y   a n d   c u s t o m   m e t r i c s .   T h e   n e w   f i e l d s   i n t r o d u c e d   i n   a u t o s c a l i n g / v 2   a r e   p r e s e r v e d   a s   a n n o t a t i o n s   w h e n   w o r k i n g   w i t h   a u t o s c a l i n g / v 1 .   W h e n   y o u   c r e a t e   a   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   A P I   o b j e c t ,   m a k e   s u r e   t h e   n a m e   s p e c i f i e d   i s   a   v a l i d   D N S   s u b d o m a i n   n a m e .   M o r e   d e t a i l s   a b o u t   t h e   A P I   o b j e c t   c a n   b e   f o u n d   a t   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   O b j e c t .


Question: What is Stability of workload scale?

Answer: W h e n   m a n a g i n g   t h e   s c a l e   o f   a   g r o u p   o f   r e p l i c a s   u s i n g   t h e   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r ,   i t   i s   p o s s i b l e   t h a t   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   r e p l i c a s   k e e p s   f l u c t u a t i n g   f r e q u e n t l y   d u e   t o   t h e   d y n a m i c   n a t u r e   o f   t h e   m e t r i c s   e v a l u a t e d .   T h i s   i s   s o m e t i m e s   r e f e r r e d   t o   a s   t h r a s h i n g ,   o r   f l a p p i n g .   I t ' s   s i m i l a r   t o   t h e   c o n c e p t   o f   h y s t e r e s i s   i n   c y b e r n e t i c s .


Question: What is Autoscaling during rolling update?

Answer: K u b e r n e t e s   l e t s   y o u   p e r f o r m   a   r o l l i n g   u p d a t e   o n   a   D e p l o y m e n t .   I n   t h a t   c a s e ,   t h e   D e p l o y m e n t   m a n a g e s   t h e   u n d e r l y i n g   R e p l i c a S e t s   f o r   y o u .   W h e n   y o u   c o n f i g u r e   a u t o s c a l i n g   f o r   a   D e p l o y m e n t ,   y o u   b i n d   a   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   t o   a   s i n g l e   D e p l o y m e n t .   T h e   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   m a n a g e s   t h e   r e p l i c a s   f i e l d   o f   t h e   D e p l o y m e n t .   T h e   d e p l o y m e n t   c o n t r o l l e r   i s   r e s p o n s i b l e   f o r   s e t t i n g   t h e   r e p l i c a s   o f   t h e   u n d e r l y i n g   R e p l i c a S e t s   s o   t h a t   t h e y   a d d   u p   t o   a   s u i t a b l e   n u m b e r   d u r i n g   t h e   r o l l o u t   a n d   a l s o   a f t e r w a r d s .   I f   y o u   p e r f o r m   a   r o l l i n g   u p d a t e   o f   a   S t a t e f u l S e t   t h a t   h a s   a n   a u t o s c a l e d   n u m b e r   o f   r e p l i c a s ,   t h e   S t a t e f u l S e t   d i r e c t l y   m a n a g e s   i t s   s e t   o f   P o d s   ( t h e r e   i s   n o   i n t e r m e d i a t e   r e s o u r c e   s i m i l a r   t o   R e p l i c a S e t ) .


Question: What is Support for resource metrics?

Answer: A n y   H P A   t a r g e t   c a n   b e   s c a l e d   b a s e d   o n   t h e   r e s o u r c e   u s a g e   o f   t h e   p o d s   i n   t h e   s c a l i n g   t a r g e t .   W h e n   d e f i n i n g   t h e   p o d   s p e c i f i c a t i o n   t h e   r e s o u r c e   r e q u e s t s   l i k e   c p u   a n d   m e m o r y   s h o u l d   b e   s p e c i f i e d .   T h i s   i s   u s e d   t o   d e t e r m i n e   t h e   r e s o u r c e   u t i l i z a t i o n   a n d   u s e d   b y   t h e   H P A   c o n t r o l l e r   t o   s c a l e   t h e   t a r g e t   u p   o r   d o w n .   T o   u s e   r e s o u r c e   u t i l i z a t i o n   b a s e d   s c a l i n g   s p e c i f y   a   m e t r i c   s o u r c e   l i k e   t h i s :   t y p e :   R e s o u r c e   r e s o u r c e :   n a m e :   c p u   t a r g e t :   t y p e :   U t i l i z a t i o n   a v e r a g e U t i l i z a t i o n :   6 0   W i t h   t h i s   m e t r i c   t h e   H P A   c o n t r o l l e r   w i l l   k e e p   t h e   a v e r a g e   u t i l i z a t i o n   o f   t h e   p o d s   i n   t h e   s c a l i n g   t a r g e t   a t   6 0 % .   U t i l i z a t i o n   i s   t h e   r a t i o   b e t w e e n   t h e   c u r r e n t   u s a g e   o f   r e s o u r c e   t o   t h e   r e q u e s t e d   r e s o u r c e s   o f   t h e   p o d .   S e e   A l g o r i t h m   f o r   m o r e   d e t a i l s   a b o u t   h o w   t h e   u t i l i z a t i o n   i s   c a l c u l a t e d   a n d   a v e r a g e d .


Question: What is Container resource metrics?

Answer: T h e   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   A P I   a l s o   s u p p o r t s   a   c o n t a i n e r   m e t r i c   s o u r c e   w h e r e   t h e   H P A   c a n   t r a c k   t h e   r e s o u r c e   u s a g e   o f   i n d i v i d u a l   c o n t a i n e r s   a c r o s s   a   s e t   o f   P o d s ,   i n   o r d e r   t o   s c a l e   t h e   t a r g e t   r e s o u r c e .   T h i s   l e t s   y o u   c o n f i g u r e   s c a l i n g   t h r e s h o l d s   f o r   t h e   c o n t a i n e r s   t h a t   m a t t e r   m o s t   i n   a   p a r t i c u l a r   P o d .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   i f   y o u   h a v e   a   w e b   a p p l i c a t i o n   a n d   a   s i d e c a r   c o n t a i n e r   t h a t   p r o v i d e s   l o g g i n g ,   y o u   c a n   s c a l e   b a s e d   o n   t h e   r e s o u r c e   u s e   o f   t h e   w e b   a p p l i c a t i o n ,   i g n o r i n g   t h e   s i d e c a r   c o n t a i n e r   a n d   i t s   r e s o u r c e   u s e .   I f   y o u   r e v i s e   t h e   t a r g e t   r e s o u r c e   t o   h a v e   a   n e w   P o d   s p e c i f i c a t i o n   w i t h   a   d i f f e r e n t   s e t   o f   c o n t a i n e r s ,   y o u   s h o u l d   r e v i s e   t h e   H P A   s p e c   i f   t h a t   n e w l y   a d d e d   c o n t a i n e r   s h o u l d   a l s o   b e   u s e d   f o r   s c a l i n g .   I f   t h e   s p e c i f i e d   c o n t a i n e r   i n   t h e   m e t r i c   s o u r c e   i s   n o t   p r e s e n t   o r   o n l y   p r e s e n t   i n   a   s u b s e t   o f   t h e   p o d s   t h e n   t h o s e   p o d s   a r e   i g n o r e d   a n d   t h e   r e c o m m e n d a t i o n   i s   r e c a l c u l a t e d .   S e e   A l g o r i t h m   f o r   m o r e   d e t a i l s   a b o u t   t h e   c a l c u l a t i o n .   T o   u s e   c o n t a i n e r   r e s o u r c e s   f o r   a u t o s c a l i n g   d e f i n e   a   m e t r i c   s o u r c e   a s   f o


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: I f   y o u   c h a n g e   t h e   n a m e   o f   a   c o n t a i n e r   t h a t   a   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   i s   t r a c k i n g ,   y o u   c a n   m a k e   t h a t   c h a n g e   i n   a   s p e c i f i c   o r d e r   t o   e n s u r e   s c a l i n g   r e m a i n s   a v a i l a b l e   a n d   e f f e c t i v e   w h i l s t   t h e   c h a n g e   i s   b e i n g   a p p l i e d .   B e f o r e   y o u   u p d a t e   t h e   r e s o u r c e   t h a t   d e f i n e s   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   ( s u c h   a s   a   D e p l o y m e n t ) ,   y o u   s h o u l d   u p d a t e   t h e   a s s o c i a t e d   H P A   t o   t r a c k   b o t h   t h e   n e w   a n d   o l d   c o n t a i n e r   n a m e s .   T h i s   w a y ,   t h e   H P A   i s   a b l e   t o   c a l c u l a t e   a   s c a l i n g   r e c o m m e n d a t i o n   t h r o u g h o u t   t h e   u p d a t e   p r o c e s s .   O n c e   y o u   h a v e   r o l l e d   o u t   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   n a m e   c h a n g e   t o   t h e   w o r k l o a d   r e s o u r c e ,   t i d y   u p   b y   r e m o v i n g   t h e   o l d   c o n t a i n e r   n a m e   f r o m   t h e   H P A   s p e c i f i c a t i o n .


Question: What is Scaling on custom metrics?

Answer: ( t h e   a u t o s c a l i n g / v 2 b e t a 2   A P I   v e r s i o n   p r e v i o u s l y   p r o v i d e d   t h i s   a b i l i t y   a s   a   b e t a   f e a t u r e )   P r o v i d e d   t h a t   y o u   u s e   t h e   a u t o s c a l i n g / v 2   A P I   v e r s i o n ,   y o u   c a n   c o n f i g u r e   a   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   t o   s c a l e   b a s e d   o n   a   c u s t o m   m e t r i c   ( t h a t   i s   n o t   b u i l t   i n   t o   K u b e r n e t e s   o r   a n y   K u b e r n e t e s   c o m p o n e n t ) .   T h e   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   c o n t r o l l e r   t h e n   q u e r i e s   f o r   t h e s e   c u s t o m   m e t r i c s   f r o m   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I .   S e e   S u p p o r t   f o r   m e t r i c s   A P I s   f o r   t h e   r e q u i r e m e n t s .


Question: What is Scaling on multiple metrics?

Answer: ( t h e   a u t o s c a l i n g / v 2 b e t a 2   A P I   v e r s i o n   p r e v i o u s l y   p r o v i d e d   t h i s   a b i l i t y   a s   a   b e t a   f e a t u r e )   P r o v i d e d   t h a t   y o u   u s e   t h e   a u t o s c a l i n g / v 2   A P I   v e r s i o n ,   y o u   c a n   s p e c i f y   m u l t i p l e   m e t r i c s   f o r   a   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   t o   s c a l e   o n .   T h e n ,   t h e   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   c o n t r o l l e r   e v a l u a t e s   e a c h   m e t r i c ,   a n d   p r o p o s e s   a   n e w   s c a l e   b a s e d   o n   t h a t   m e t r i c .   T h e   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   t a k e s   t h e   m a x i m u m   s c a l e   r e c o m m e n d e d   f o r   e a c h   m e t r i c   a n d   s e t s   t h e   w o r k l o a d   t o   t h a t   s i z e   ( p r o v i d e d   t h a t   t h i s   i s n ' t   l a r g e r   t h a n   t h e   o v e r a l l   m a x i m u m   t h a t   y o u   c o n f i g u r e d ) .


Question: What is Support for metrics APIs?

Answer: B y   d e f a u l t ,   t h e   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   c o n t r o l l e r   r e t r i e v e s   m e t r i c s   f r o m   a   s e r i e s   o f   A P I s .   I n   o r d e r   f o r   i t   t o   a c c e s s   t h e s e   A P I s ,   c l u s t e r   a d m i n i s t r a t o r s   m u s t   e n s u r e   t h a t :   T h e   A P I   a g g r e g a t i o n   l a y e r   i s   e n a b l e d . T h e   c o r r e s p o n d i n g   A P I s   a r e   r e g i s t e r e d : F o r   r e s o u r c e   m e t r i c s ,   t h i s   i s   t h e   m e t r i c s . k 8 s . i o   A P I ,   g e n e r a l l y   p r o v i d e d   b y   m e t r i c s - s e r v e r .   I t   c a n   b e   l a u n c h e d   a s   a   c l u s t e r   a d d - o n . F o r   c u s t o m   m e t r i c s ,   t h i s   i s   t h e   c u s t o m . m e t r i c s . k 8 s . i o   A P I .   I t ' s   p r o v i d e d   b y   " a d a p t e r "   A P I   s e r v e r s   p r o v i d e d   b y   m e t r i c s   s o l u t i o n   v e n d o r s .   C h e c k   w i t h   y o u r   m e t r i c s   p i p e l i n e   t o   s e e   i f   t h e r e   i s   a   K u b e r n e t e s   m e t r i c s   a d a p t e r   a v a i l a b l e . F o r   e x t e r n a l   m e t r i c s ,   t h i s   i s   t h e   e x t e r n a l . m e t r i c s . k 8 s . i o   A P I .   I t   m a y   b e   p r o v i d e d   b y   t h e   c u s t o m   m e t r i c s   a d a p t e r s   p r o v i d e d   a b o v e .   T h e   A P I   a g g r e g a t i o n   l a y e r   i s   e n a b l e d .   T h e   c o r r e s p o n d i n g   A P I s   a r e   r e g i s t e r e d :   F o r   r e s o u r c e   m e t r i c s ,   t h i s   i s   t h e   m e t r i c s . k 8 s . i o   A P I ,   g e n e r a l l y   p r o v i d e d   b y   m e t r i c s - s e r v e r .   I t   c a n   b e   l a u n c h e d   a s   a   c l u s t e r   a d d - o n . F o r   c u s t o m   m e t r i c s ,   t h i s   i s   t h e   c u s t o m . m e t r i c s . k 8 s . i o   A P I .


Question: What is Configurable scaling behavior?

Answer: ( t h e   a u t o s c a l i n g / v 2 b e t a 2   A P I   v e r s i o n   p r e v i o u s l y   p r o v i d e d   t h i s   a b i l i t y   a s   a   b e t a   f e a t u r e )   I f   y o u   u s e   t h e   v 2   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   A P I ,   y o u   c a n   u s e   t h e   b e h a v i o r   f i e l d   ( s e e   t h e   A P I   r e f e r e n c e )   t o   c o n f i g u r e   s e p a r a t e   s c a l e - u p   a n d   s c a l e - d o w n   b e h a v i o r s .   Y o u   s p e c i f y   t h e s e   b e h a v i o u r s   b y   s e t t i n g   s c a l e U p   a n d   /   o r   s c a l e D o w n   u n d e r   t h e   b e h a v i o r   f i e l d .   S c a l i n g   p o l i c i e s   l e t   y o u   c o n t r o l   t h e   r a t e   o f   c h a n g e   o f   r e p l i c a s   w h i l e   s c a l i n g .   A l s o   t w o   s e t t i n g s   c a n   b e   u s e d   t o   p r e v e n t   f l a p p i n g :   y o u   c a n   s p e c i f y   a   s t a b i l i z a t i o n   w i n d o w   f o r   s m o o t h i n g   r e p l i c a   c o u n t s ,   a n d   a   t o l e r a n c e   t o   i g n o r e   m i n o r   m e t r i c   f l u c t u a t i o n s   b e l o w   a   s p e c i f i e d   t h r e s h o l d .


Question: What is Scaling policies?

Answer: O n e   o r   m o r e   s c a l i n g   p o l i c i e s   c a n   b e   s p e c i f i e d   i n   t h e   b e h a v i o r   s e c t i o n   o f   t h e   s p e c .   W h e n   m u l t i p l e   p o l i c i e s   a r e   s p e c i f i e d   t h e   p o l i c y   w h i c h   a l l o w s   t h e   h i g h e s t   a m o u n t   o f   c h a n g e   i s   t h e   p o l i c y   w h i c h   i s   s e l e c t e d   b y   d e f a u l t .   T h e   f o l l o w i n g   e x a m p l e   s h o w s   t h i s   b e h a v i o r   w h i l e   s c a l i n g   d o w n :   b e h a v i o r :   s c a l e D o w n :   p o l i c i e s :   -   t y p e :   P o d s   v a l u e :   4   p e r i o d S e c o n d s :   6 0   -   t y p e :   P e r c e n t   v a l u e :   1 0   p e r i o d S e c o n d s :   6 0   p e r i o d S e c o n d s   i n d i c a t e s   t h e   l e n g t h   o f   t i m e   i n   t h e   p a s t   f o r   w h i c h   t h e   p o l i c y   m u s t   h o l d   t r u e .   T h e   m a x i m u m   v a l u e   t h a t   y o u   c a n   s e t   f o r   p e r i o d S e c o n d s   i s   1 8 0 0   ( h a l f   a n   h o u r ) .   T h e   f i r s t   p o l i c y   ( P o d s )   a l l o w s   a t   m o s t   4   r e p l i c a s   t o   b e   s c a l e d   d o w n   i n   o n e   m i n u t e .   T h e   s e c o n d   p o l i c y   ( P e r c e n t )   a l l o w s   a t   m o s t   1 0 %   o f   t h e   c u r r e n t   r e p l i c a s   t o   b e   s c a l e d   d o w n   i n   o n e   m i n u t e .   S i n c e   b y   d e f a u l t   t h e   p o l i c y   w h i c h   a l l o w s   t h e   h i g h e s t   a m o u n t   o f   c h a n g e   i s   s e l e c t e d ,   t h e   s e c o n d   p o l i c y   w i l l   o n l y   b e   u s e d   w h e n   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   p o d   r e p l i c a s   i s   m o r e   t h a n   4 0 .   W i t h   4 0   o r   l e s s   r e p l i c a s ,   t h e   f i r s t   p o l i c y   w i l l   b e   a p p l i e d .   F o r   i n s t a n c e   i f   t h e r e


Question: What is Stabilization window?

Answer: T h e   s t a b i l i z a t i o n   w i n d o w   i s   u s e d   t o   r e s t r i c t   t h e   f l a p p i n g   o f   r e p l i c a   c o u n t   w h e n   t h e   m e t r i c s   u s e d   f o r   s c a l i n g   k e e p   f l u c t u a t i n g .   T h e   a u t o s c a l i n g   a l g o r i t h m   u s e s   t h i s   w i n d o w   t o   i n f e r   a   p r e v i o u s   d e s i r e d   s t a t e   a n d   a v o i d   u n w a n t e d   c h a n g e s   t o   w o r k l o a d   s c a l e .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   i n   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   e x a m p l e   s n i p p e t ,   a   s t a b i l i z a t i o n   w i n d o w   i s   s p e c i f i e d   f o r   s c a l e D o w n .   b e h a v i o r :   s c a l e D o w n :   s t a b i l i z a t i o n W i n d o w S e c o n d s :   3 0 0   W h e n   t h e   m e t r i c s   i n d i c a t e   t h a t   t h e   t a r g e t   s h o u l d   b e   s c a l e d   d o w n   t h e   a l g o r i t h m   l o o k s   i n t o   p r e v i o u s l y   c o m p u t e d   d e s i r e d   s t a t e s ,   a n d   u s e s   t h e   h i g h e s t   v a l u e   f r o m   t h e   s p e c i f i e d   i n t e r v a l .   I n   t h e   a b o v e   e x a m p l e ,   a l l   d e s i r e d   s t a t e s   f r o m   t h e   p a s t   5   m i n u t e s   w i l l   b e   c o n s i d e r e d .   T h i s   a p p r o x i m a t e s   a   r o l l i n g   m a x i m u m ,   a n d   a v o i d s   h a v i n g   t h e   s c a l i n g   a l g o r i t h m   f r e q u e n t l y   r e m o v e   P o d s   o n l y   t o   t r i g g e r   r e c r e a t i n g   a n   e q u i v a l e n t   P o d   j u s t   m o m e n t s   l a t e r .


Question: What is Tolerance?

Answer: T h e   t o l e r a n c e   f i e l d   c o n f i g u r e s   a   t h r e s h o l d   f o r   m e t r i c   v a r i a t i o n s ,   p r e v e n t i n g   t h e   a u t o s c a l e r   f r o m   s c a l i n g   f o r   c h a n g e s   b e l o w   t h a t   v a l u e .   T h i s   t o l e r a n c e   i s   d e f i n e d   a s   t h e   a m o u n t   o f   v a r i a t i o n   a r o u n d   t h e   d e s i r e d   m e t r i c   v a l u e   u n d e r   w h i c h   n o   s c a l i n g   w i l l   o c c u r .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   c o n s i d e r   a   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   c o n f i g u r e d   w i t h   a   t a r g e t   m e m o r y   c o n s u m p t i o n   o f   1 0 0 M i B   a n d   a   s c a l e - u p   t o l e r a n c e   o f   5 % :   b e h a v i o r :   s c a l e U p :   t o l e r a n c e :   0 . 0 5   #   5 %   t o l e r a n c e   f o r   s c a l e   u p   W i t h   t h i s   c o n f i g u r a t i o n ,   t h e   H P A   a l g o r i t h m   w i l l   o n l y   c o n s i d e r   s c a l i n g   u p   i f   t h e   m e m o r y   c o n s u m p t i o n   i s   h i g h e r   t h a n   1 0 5 M i B   ( t h a t   i s :   5 %   a b o v e   t h e   t a r g e t ) .   I f   y o u   d o n ' t   s e t   t h i s   f i e l d ,   t h e   H P A   a p p l i e s   t h e   d e f a u l t   c l u s t e r - w i d e   t o l e r a n c e   o f   1 0 % .   T h i s   d e f a u l t   c a n   b e   u p d a t e d   f o r   b o t h   s c a l e - u p   a n d   s c a l e - d o w n   u s i n g   t h e   k u b e - c o n t r o l l e r - m a n a g e r   - - h o r i z o n t a l - p o d - a u t o s c a l e r - t o l e r a n c e   c o m m a n d   l i n e   a r g u m e n t .   ( Y o u   c a n ' t   u s e   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I   t o   c o n f i g u r e   t h i s   d e f a u l t   v a l u e . )


Question: What is Default Behavior?

Answer: T o   u s e   t h e   c u s t o m   s c a l i n g   n o t   a l l   f i e l d s   h a v e   t o   b e   s p e c i f i e d .   O n l y   v a l u e s   w h i c h   n e e d   t o   b e   c u s t o m i z e d   c a n   b e   s p e c i f i e d .   T h e s e   c u s t o m   v a l u e s   a r e   m e r g e d   w i t h   d e f a u l t   v a l u e s .   T h e   d e f a u l t   v a l u e s   m a t c h   t h e   e x i s t i n g   b e h a v i o r   i n   t h e   H P A   a l g o r i t h m .   b e h a v i o r :   s c a l e D o w n :   s t a b i l i z a t i o n W i n d o w S e c o n d s :   3 0 0   p o l i c i e s :   -   t y p e :   P e r c e n t   v a l u e :   1 0 0   p e r i o d S e c o n d s :   1 5   s c a l e U p :   s t a b i l i z a t i o n W i n d o w S e c o n d s :   0   p o l i c i e s :   -   t y p e :   P e r c e n t   v a l u e :   1 0 0   p e r i o d S e c o n d s :   1 5   -   t y p e :   P o d s   v a l u e :   4   p e r i o d S e c o n d s :   1 5   s e l e c t P o l i c y :   M a x   F o r   s c a l i n g   d o w n   t h e   s t a b i l i z a t i o n   w i n d o w   i s   3 0 0   s e c o n d s   ( o r   t h e   v a l u e   o f   t h e   - - h o r i z o n t a l - p o d - a u t o s c a l e r - d o w n s c a l e - s t a b i l i z a t i o n   f l a g   i f   p r o v i d e d ) .   T h e r e   i s   o n l y   a   s i n g l e   p o l i c y   f o r   s c a l i n g   d o w n   w h i c h   a l l o w s   a   1 0 0 %   o f   t h e   c u r r e n t l y   r u n n i n g   r e p l i c a s   t o   b e   r e m o v e d   w h i c h   m e a n s   t h e   s c a l i n g   t a r g e t   c a n   b e   s c a l e d   d o w n   t o   t h e   m i n i m u m   a l l o w e d   r e p l i c a s .   F o r   s c a l i n g   u p   t h e r e   i s   n o   s t a b i l i z a t i o n   w i n d o w .   W h e n   t h e   m e t r i c s   i n d i c a t e   t h a t   t h e   t a r g e t   s h o u l d   b e   s c a l e d   u p   t h e   t a r g e t   i s   s c a l e d   u p   i m m e d i a t e l y .   T h e


Question: What is Example: change downscale stabilization window?

Answer: T o   p r o v i d e   a   c u s t o m   d o w n s c a l e   s t a b i l i z a t i o n   w i n d o w   o f   1   m i n u t e ,   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   b e h a v i o r   w o u l d   b e   a d d e d   t o   t h e   H P A :   b e h a v i o r :   s c a l e D o w n :   s t a b i l i z a t i o n W i n d o w S e c o n d s :   6 0


Question: What is Example: limit scale down rate?

Answer: T o   l i m i t   t h e   r a t e   a t   w h i c h   p o d s   a r e   r e m o v e d   b y   t h e   H P A   t o   1 0 %   p e r   m i n u t e ,   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   b e h a v i o r   w o u l d   b e   a d d e d   t o   t h e   H P A :   b e h a v i o r :   s c a l e D o w n :   p o l i c i e s :   -   t y p e :   P e r c e n t   v a l u e :   1 0   p e r i o d S e c o n d s :   6 0   T o   e n s u r e   t h a t   n o   m o r e   t h a n   5   P o d s   a r e   r e m o v e d   p e r   m i n u t e ,   y o u   c a n   a d d   a   s e c o n d   s c a l e - d o w n   p o l i c y   w i t h   a   f i x e d   s i z e   o f   5 ,   a n d   s e t   s e l e c t P o l i c y   t o   m i n i m u m .   S e t t i n g   s e l e c t P o l i c y   t o   M i n   m e a n s   t h a t   t h e   a u t o s c a l e r   c h o o s e s   t h e   p o l i c y   t h a t   a f f e c t s   t h e   s m a l l e s t   n u m b e r   o f   P o d s :   b e h a v i o r :   s c a l e D o w n :   p o l i c i e s :   -   t y p e :   P e r c e n t   v a l u e :   1 0   p e r i o d S e c o n d s :   6 0   -   t y p e :   P o d s   v a l u e :   5   p e r i o d S e c o n d s :   6 0   s e l e c t P o l i c y :   M i n


Question: What is Example: disable scale down?

Answer: T h e   s e l e c t P o l i c y   v a l u e   o f   D i s a b l e d   t u r n s   o f f   s c a l i n g   t h e   g i v e n   d i r e c t i o n .   S o   t o   p r e v e n t   d o w n s c a l i n g   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   p o l i c y   w o u l d   b e   u s e d :   b e h a v i o r :   s c a l e D o w n :   s e l e c t P o l i c y :   D i s a b l e d


Question: What is Support for HorizontalPodAutoscaler in kubectl?

Answer: H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r ,   l i k e   e v e r y   A P I   r e s o u r c e ,   i s   s u p p o r t e d   i n   a   s t a n d a r d   w a y   b y   k u b e c t l .   Y o u   c a n   c r e a t e   a   n e w   a u t o s c a l e r   u s i n g   k u b e c t l   c r e a t e   c o m m a n d .   Y o u   c a n   l i s t   a u t o s c a l e r s   b y   k u b e c t l   g e t   h p a   o r   g e t   d e t a i l e d   d e s c r i p t i o n   b y   k u b e c t l   d e s c r i b e   h p a .   F i n a l l y ,   y o u   c a n   d e l e t e   a n   a u t o s c a l e r   u s i n g   k u b e c t l   d e l e t e   h p a .   I n   a d d i t i o n ,   t h e r e   i s   a   s p e c i a l   k u b e c t l   a u t o s c a l e   c o m m a n d   f o r   c r e a t i n g   a   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   o b j e c t .   F o r   i n s t a n c e ,   e x e c u t i n g   k u b e c t l   a u t o s c a l e   r s   f o o   - - m i n = 2   - - m a x = 5   - - c p u - p e r c e n t = 8 0   w i l l   c r e a t e   a n   a u t o s c a l e r   f o r   R e p l i c a S e t   f o o ,   w i t h   t a r g e t   C P U   u t i l i z a t i o n   s e t   t o   8 0 %   a n d   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   r e p l i c a s   b e t w e e n   2   a n d   5 .


Question: What is Implicit maintenance-mode deactivation?

Answer: Y o u   c a n   i m p l i c i t l y   d e a c t i v a t e   t h e   H P A   f o r   a   t a r g e t   w i t h o u t   t h e   n e e d   t o   c h a n g e   t h e   H P A   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   i t s e l f .   I f   t h e   t a r g e t ' s   d e s i r e d   r e p l i c a   c o u n t   i s   s e t   t o   0 ,   a n d   t h e   H P A ' s   m i n i m u m   r e p l i c a   c o u n t   i s   g r e a t e r   t h a n   0 ,   t h e   H P A   s t o p s   a d j u s t i n g   t h e   t a r g e t   ( a n d   s e t s   t h e   S c a l i n g A c t i v e   C o n d i t i o n   o n   i t s e l f   t o   f a l s e )   u n t i l   y o u   r e a c t i v a t e   i t   b y   m a n u a l l y   a d j u s t i n g   t h e   t a r g e t ' s   d e s i r e d   r e p l i c a   c o u n t   o r   H P A ' s   m i n i m u m   r e p l i c a   c o u n t .


Question: What is Migrating Deployments and StatefulSets to horizontal autoscaling?

Answer: W h e n   a n   H P A   i s   e n a b l e d ,   i t   i s   r e c o m m e n d e d   t h a t   t h e   v a l u e   o f   s p e c . r e p l i c a s   o f   t h e   D e p l o y m e n t   a n d   /   o r   S t a t e f u l S e t   b e   r e m o v e d   f r o m   t h e i r   m a n i f e s t ( s ) .   I f   t h i s   i s n ' t   d o n e ,   a n y   t i m e   a   c h a n g e   t o   t h a t   o b j e c t   i s   a p p l i e d ,   f o r   e x a m p l e   v i a   k u b e c t l   a p p l y   - f   d e p l o y m e n t . y a m l ,   t h i s   w i l l   i n s t r u c t   K u b e r n e t e s   t o   s c a l e   t h e   c u r r e n t   n u m b e r   o f   P o d s   t o   t h e   v a l u e   o f   t h e   s p e c . r e p l i c a s   k e y .   T h i s   m a y   n o t   b e   d e s i r e d   a n d   c o u l d   b e   t r o u b l e s o m e   w h e n   a n   H P A   i s   a c t i v e ,   r e s u l t i n g   i n   t h r a s h i n g   o r   f l a p p i n g   b e h a v i o r .   K e e p   i n   m i n d   t h a t   t h e   r e m o v a l   o f   s p e c . r e p l i c a s   m a y   i n c u r   a   o n e - t i m e   d e g r a d a t i o n   o f   P o d   c o u n t s   a s   t h e   d e f a u l t   v a l u e   o f   t h i s   k e y   i s   1   ( r e f e r e n c e   D e p l o y m e n t   R e p l i c a s ) .   U p o n   t h e   u p d a t e ,   a l l   P o d s   e x c e p t   1   w i l l   b e g i n   t h e i r   t e r m i n a t i o n   p r o c e d u r e s .   A n y   d e p l o y m e n t   a p p l i c a t i o n   a f t e r w a r d s   w i l l   b e h a v e   a s   n o r m a l   a n d   r e s p e c t   a   r o l l i n g   u p d a t e   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   a s   d e s i r e d .   Y o u   c a n   a v o i d   t h i s   d e g r a d a t i o n   b y   c h o o s i n g   o n e   o f   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   t w o   m e t h o d s   b a s e d   o n   h o w   y o u   a r e   m o d i f y i n g   y o u r   d e p l o y m e n t s :   k u b e c t l   a p p l y   e d i t - l a s t - a p p l i e d   d e


Question: What is What's next?

Answer: I f   y o u   c o n f i g u r e   a u t o s c a l i n g   i n   y o u r   c l u s t e r ,   y o u   m a y   a l s o   w a n t   t o   c o n s i d e r   u s i n g   n o d e   a u t o s c a l i n g   t o   e n s u r e   y o u   a r e   r u n n i n g   t h e   r i g h t   n u m b e r   o f   n o d e s .   F o r   m o r e   i n f o r m a t i o n   o n   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r :   R e a d   a   w a l k t h r o u g h   e x a m p l e   f o r   h o r i z o n t a l   p o d   a u t o s c a l i n g . R e a d   d o c u m e n t a t i o n   f o r   k u b e c t l   a u t o s c a l e . I f   y o u   w o u l d   l i k e   t o   w r i t e   y o u r   o w n   c u s t o m   m e t r i c s   a d a p t e r ,   c h e c k   o u t   t h e   b o i l e r p l a t e   t o   g e t   s t a r t e d . R e a d   t h e   A P I   r e f e r e n c e   f o r   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r .


Question: What is Windows Storage?

Answer: Windows StorageThis page provides an storage overview specific to the Windows operating system.Persistent storageWindows has a layered filesystem driver to mount container layers and create a copy filesystem based on NTFS. All file paths in the container are resolved only within the context of that container.With Docker, volume mounts can only target a directory in the container, and not an individual file. This limitation does not apply to containerd.Volume mounts cannot project files or directories back to the host filesystem.Read-only filesystems are not supported because write access is always required for the Windows registry and SAM database. However, read-only volumes are supported.Volume user-masks and permissions are not available. Because the SAM is not shared between the host & container, there's no mapping between them. All permissions are resolved within the context of the container.As a result, the following storage functionality is not supported on Windows nodes:Volume subpath mounts: only the entire volume can be mounted in a Windows containerSubpath volume mounting for SecretsHost mount projectionRead-only root filesystem (mapped volumes still support readOnly)Block device mappingMemory as the storage medium (for example, emptyDir.medium set to Memory)File system features like uid/gid; per-user Linux filesystem permissionsSetting secret permissions with DefaultMode (due to UID/GID dependency)NFS based storage/volume supportExpanding the mounted volume (resizefs)Kubernetes volumes enable complex applications, with data persistence and Pod volume sharing requirements, to be deployed on Kubernetes. Management of persistent volumes associated with a specific storage back-end or protocol includes actions such as provisioning/de-provisioning/resizing of volumes, attaching/detaching a volume to/from a Kubernetes node and mounting/dismounting a volume to/from individual containers in a pod that needs to persist data.Volume management components are shipped as Kubernetes volume plugin. The following broad classes of Kubernetes volume plugins are supported on Windows:FlexVolume pluginsPlease note that FlexVolumes have been deprecated as of 1.23CSI PluginsIn-tree volume pluginsThe following in-tree plugins support persistent storage on Windows nodes:azureFilevsphereVolume


Question: How does Windows Storage work?

Answer: Windows StorageThis page provides an storage overview specific to the Windows operating system.Persistent storageWindows has a layered filesystem driver to mount container layers and create a copy filesystem based on NTFS. All file paths in the container are resolved only within the context of that container.With Docker, volume mounts can only target a directory in the container, and not an individual file. This limitation does not apply to containerd.Volume mounts cannot project files or directories back to the host filesystem.Read-only filesystems are not supported because write access is always required for the Windows registry and SAM database. However, read-only volumes are supported.Volume user-masks and permissions are not available. Because the SAM is not shared between the host & container, there's no mapping between them. All permissions are resolved within the context of the container.As a result, the following storage functionality is not supported on Windows nodes:Volume subpath mounts: only the entire volume can be mounted in a Windows containerSubpath volume mounting for SecretsHost mount projectionRead-only root filesystem (mapped volumes still support readOnly)Block device mappingMemory as the storage medium (for example, emptyDir.medium set to Memory)File system features like uid/gid; per-user Linux filesystem permissionsSetting secret permissions with DefaultMode (due to UID/GID dependency)NFS based storage/volume supportExpanding the mounted volume (resizefs)Kubernetes volumes enable complex applications, with data persistence and Pod volume sharing requirements, to be deployed on Kubernetes. Management of persistent volumes associated with a specific storage back-end or protocol includes actions such as provisioning/de-provisioning/resizing of volumes, attaching/detaching a volume to/from a Kubernetes node and mounting/dismounting a volume to/from individual containers in a pod that needs to persist data.Volume management components are shipped as Kubernetes volume plugin. The following broad classes of Kubernetes volume plugins are supported on Windows:FlexVolume pluginsPlease note that FlexVolumes have been deprecated as of 1.23CSI PluginsIn-tree volume pluginsThe following in-tree plugins support persistent storage on Windows nodes:azureFilevsphereVolume


Question: When would you use Windows Storage?

Answer: Windows StorageThis page provides an storage overview specific to the Windows operating system.Persistent storageWindows has a layered filesystem driver to mount container layers and create a copy filesystem based on NTFS. All file paths in the container are resolved only within the context of that container.With Docker, volume mounts can only target a directory in the container, and not an individual file. This limitation does not apply to containerd.Volume mounts cannot project files or directories back to the host filesystem.Read-only filesystems are not supported because write access is always required for the Windows registry and SAM database. However, read-only volumes are supported.Volume user-masks and permissions are not available. Because the SAM is not shared between the host & container, there's no mapping between them. All permissions are resolved within the context of the container.As a result, the following storage functionality is not supported on Windows nodes:Volume subpath mounts: only the entire volume can be mounted in a Windows containerSubpath volume mounting for SecretsHost mount projectionRead-only root filesystem (mapped volumes still support readOnly)Block device mappingMemory as the storage medium (for example, emptyDir.medium set to Memory)File system features like uid/gid; per-user Linux filesystem permissionsSetting secret permissions with DefaultMode (due to UID/GID dependency)NFS based storage/volume supportExpanding the mounted volume (resizefs)Kubernetes volumes enable complex applications, with data persistence and Pod volume sharing requirements, to be deployed on Kubernetes. Management of persistent volumes associated with a specific storage back-end or protocol includes actions such as provisioning/de-provisioning/resizing of volumes, attaching/detaching a volume to/from a Kubernetes node and mounting/dismounting a volume to/from individual containers in a pod that needs to persist data.Volume management components are shipped as Kubernetes volume plugin. The following broad classes of Kubernetes volume plugins are supported on Windows:FlexVolume pluginsPlease note that FlexVolumes have been deprecated as of 1.23CSI PluginsIn-tree volume pluginsThe following in-tree plugins support persistent storage on Windows nodes:azureFilevsphereVolume


Question: What are the benefits of Windows Storage?

Answer: Windows StorageThis page provides an storage overview specific to the Windows operating system.Persistent storageWindows has a layered filesystem driver to mount container layers and create a copy filesystem based on NTFS. All file paths in the container are resolved only within the context of that container.With Docker, volume mounts can only target a directory in the container, and not an individual file. This limitation does not apply to containerd.Volume mounts cannot project files or directories back to the host filesystem.Read-only filesystems are not supported because write access is always required for the Windows registry and SAM database. However, read-only volumes are supported.Volume user-masks and permissions are not available. Because the SAM is not shared between the host & container, there's no mapping between them. All permissions are resolved within the context of the container.As a result, the following storage functionality is not supported on Windows nodes:Volume subpath mounts: only the entire volume can be mounted in a Windows containerSubpath volume mounting for SecretsHost mount projectionRead-only root filesystem (mapped volumes still support readOnly)Block device mappingMemory as the storage medium (for example, emptyDir.medium set to Memory)File system features like uid/gid; per-user Linux filesystem permissionsSetting secret permissions with DefaultMode (due to UID/GID dependency)NFS based storage/volume supportExpanding the mounted volume (resizefs)Kubernetes volumes enable complex applications, with data persistence and Pod volume sharing requirements, to be deployed on Kubernetes. Management of persistent volumes associated with a specific storage back-end or protocol includes actions such as provisioning/de-provisioning/resizing of volumes, attaching/detaching a volume to/from a Kubernetes node and mounting/dismounting a volume to/from individual containers in a pod that needs to persist data.Volume management components are shipped as Kubernetes volume plugin. The following broad classes of Kubernetes volume plugins are supported on Windows:FlexVolume pluginsPlease note that FlexVolumes have been deprecated as of 1.23CSI PluginsIn-tree volume pluginsThe following in-tree plugins support persistent storage on Windows nodes:azureFilevsphereVolume


Question: What is Windows Storage?

Answer: T h i s   p a g e   p r o v i d e s   a n   s t o r a g e   o v e r v i e w   s p e c i f i c   t o   t h e   W i n d o w s   o p e r a t i n g   s y s t e m .


Question: What is Persistent storage?

Answer: W i n d o w s   h a s   a   l a y e r e d   f i l e s y s t e m   d r i v e r   t o   m o u n t   c o n t a i n e r   l a y e r s   a n d   c r e a t e   a   c o p y   f i l e s y s t e m   b a s e d   o n   N T F S .   A l l   f i l e   p a t h s   i n   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   a r e   r e s o l v e d   o n l y   w i t h i n   t h e   c o n t e x t   o f   t h a t   c o n t a i n e r .   W i t h   D o c k e r ,   v o l u m e   m o u n t s   c a n   o n l y   t a r g e t   a   d i r e c t o r y   i n   t h e   c o n t a i n e r ,   a n d   n o t   a n   i n d i v i d u a l   f i l e .   T h i s   l i m i t a t i o n   d o e s   n o t   a p p l y   t o   c o n t a i n e r d . V o l u m e   m o u n t s   c a n n o t   p r o j e c t   f i l e s   o r   d i r e c t o r i e s   b a c k   t o   t h e   h o s t   f i l e s y s t e m . R e a d - o n l y   f i l e s y s t e m s   a r e   n o t   s u p p o r t e d   b e c a u s e   w r i t e   a c c e s s   i s   a l w a y s   r e q u i r e d   f o r   t h e   W i n d o w s   r e g i s t r y   a n d   S A M   d a t a b a s e .   H o w e v e r ,   r e a d - o n l y   v o l u m e s   a r e   s u p p o r t e d . V o l u m e   u s e r - m a s k s   a n d   p e r m i s s i o n s   a r e   n o t   a v a i l a b l e .   B e c a u s e   t h e   S A M   i s   n o t   s h a r e d   b e t w e e n   t h e   h o s t   &   c o n t a i n e r ,   t h e r e ' s   n o   m a p p i n g   b e t w e e n   t h e m .   A l l   p e r m i s s i o n s   a r e   r e s o l v e d   w i t h i n   t h e   c o n t e x t   o f   t h e   c o n t a i n e r .   A s   a   r e s u l t ,   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   s t o r a g e   f u n c t i o n a l i t y   i s   n o t   s u p p o r t e d   o n   W i n d o w s   n o d e s :   V o l u m e   s u b p a t h   m o u n t s :   o n l y   t h e   e n t i r e   v o l u m e   c a n   b e   m o u n t e d   i n   a   W i n d o w s   c o n t a i n e r S u b p a t h   v o l u m e   m o u n t i n g   f o r   S e c r e t s


Question: What is In-tree volume plugins?

Answer: T h e   f o l l o w i n g   i n - t r e e   p l u g i n s   s u p p o r t   p e r s i s t e n t   s t o r a g e   o n   W i n d o w s   n o d e s :   a z u r e F i l e v s p h e r e V o l u m e


Question: What is Extending the Kubernetes API?

Answer: Extending the Kubernetes APICustom resources are extensions of the Kubernetes API. Kubernetes provides two ways to add custom resources to your cluster:The CustomResourceDefinition (CRD) mechanism allows you to declaratively define a new custom API with an API group, kind, and schema that you specify. The Kubernetes control plane serves and handles the storage of your custom resource. CRDs allow you to create new types of resources for your cluster without writing and running a custom API server.The aggregation layer sits behind the primary API server, which acts as a proxy. This arrangement is called API Aggregation (AA), which allows you to provide specialized implementations for your custom resources by writing and deploying your own API server. The main API server delegates requests to your API server for the custom APIs that you specify, making them available to all of its clients.Custom ResourcesKubernetes API Aggregation Layer


Question: How does Extending the Kubernetes API work?

Answer: Extending the Kubernetes APICustom resources are extensions of the Kubernetes API. Kubernetes provides two ways to add custom resources to your cluster:The CustomResourceDefinition (CRD) mechanism allows you to declaratively define a new custom API with an API group, kind, and schema that you specify. The Kubernetes control plane serves and handles the storage of your custom resource. CRDs allow you to create new types of resources for your cluster without writing and running a custom API server.The aggregation layer sits behind the primary API server, which acts as a proxy. This arrangement is called API Aggregation (AA), which allows you to provide specialized implementations for your custom resources by writing and deploying your own API server. The main API server delegates requests to your API server for the custom APIs that you specify, making them available to all of its clients.Custom ResourcesKubernetes API Aggregation Layer


Question: When would you use Extending the Kubernetes API?

Answer: Extending the Kubernetes APICustom resources are extensions of the Kubernetes API. Kubernetes provides two ways to add custom resources to your cluster:The CustomResourceDefinition (CRD) mechanism allows you to declaratively define a new custom API with an API group, kind, and schema that you specify. The Kubernetes control plane serves and handles the storage of your custom resource. CRDs allow you to create new types of resources for your cluster without writing and running a custom API server.The aggregation layer sits behind the primary API server, which acts as a proxy. This arrangement is called API Aggregation (AA), which allows you to provide specialized implementations for your custom resources by writing and deploying your own API server. The main API server delegates requests to your API server for the custom APIs that you specify, making them available to all of its clients.Custom ResourcesKubernetes API Aggregation Layer


Question: What are the benefits of Extending the Kubernetes API?

Answer: Extending the Kubernetes APICustom resources are extensions of the Kubernetes API. Kubernetes provides two ways to add custom resources to your cluster:The CustomResourceDefinition (CRD) mechanism allows you to declaratively define a new custom API with an API group, kind, and schema that you specify. The Kubernetes control plane serves and handles the storage of your custom resource. CRDs allow you to create new types of resources for your cluster without writing and running a custom API server.The aggregation layer sits behind the primary API server, which acts as a proxy. This arrangement is called API Aggregation (AA), which allows you to provide specialized implementations for your custom resources by writing and deploying your own API server. The main API server delegates requests to your API server for the custom APIs that you specify, making them available to all of its clients.Custom ResourcesKubernetes API Aggregation Layer


Question: What is Extending the Kubernetes API?

Answer: C u s t o m   r e s o u r c e s   a r e   e x t e n s i o n s   o f   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I .   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o v i d e s   t w o   w a y s   t o   a d d   c u s t o m   r e s o u r c e s   t o   y o u r   c l u s t e r :   T h e   C u s t o m R e s o u r c e D e f i n i t i o n   ( C R D )   m e c h a n i s m   a l l o w s   y o u   t o   d e c l a r a t i v e l y   d e f i n e   a   n e w   c u s t o m   A P I   w i t h   a n   A P I   g r o u p ,   k i n d ,   a n d   s c h e m a   t h a t   y o u   s p e c i f y .   T h e   K u b e r n e t e s   c o n t r o l   p l a n e   s e r v e s   a n d   h a n d l e s   t h e   s t o r a g e   o f   y o u r   c u s t o m   r e s o u r c e .   C R D s   a l l o w   y o u   t o   c r e a t e   n e w   t y p e s   o f   r e s o u r c e s   f o r   y o u r   c l u s t e r   w i t h o u t   w r i t i n g   a n d   r u n n i n g   a   c u s t o m   A P I   s e r v e r . T h e   a g g r e g a t i o n   l a y e r   s i t s   b e h i n d   t h e   p r i m a r y   A P I   s e r v e r ,   w h i c h   a c t s   a s   a   p r o x y .   T h i s   a r r a n g e m e n t   i s   c a l l e d   A P I   A g g r e g a t i o n   ( A A ) ,   w h i c h   a l l o w s   y o u   t o   p r o v i d e   s p e c i a l i z e d   i m p l e m e n t a t i o n s   f o r   y o u r   c u s t o m   r e s o u r c e s   b y   w r i t i n g   a n d   d e p l o y i n g   y o u r   o w n   A P I   s e r v e r .   T h e   m a i n   A P I   s e r v e r   d e l e g a t e s   r e q u e s t s   t o   y o u r   A P I   s e r v e r   f o r   t h e   c u s t o m   A P I s   t h a t   y o u   s p e c i f y ,   m a k i n g   t h e m   a v a i l a b l e   t o   a l l   o f   i t s   c l i e n t s .


Question: What is kubectl reference?

Answer: kubectl referencekubectlkubectl annotatekubectl api-resourceskubectl api-versionskubectl applykubectl attachkubectl authkubectl autoscalekubectl certificatekubectl cluster-infokubectl completionkubectl configkubectl cordonkubectl cpkubectl createkubectl debugkubectl deletekubectl describekubectl diffkubectl drainkubectl editkubectl eventskubectl execkubectl explainkubectl exposekubectl getkubectl kustomizekubectl labelkubectl logskubectl optionskubectl patchkubectl pluginkubectl port-forwardkubectl proxykubectl replacekubectl rolloutkubectl runkubectl scalekubectl setkubectl taintkubectl topkubectl uncordonkubectl versionkubectl wait


Question: How does kubectl reference work?

Answer: kubectl referencekubectlkubectl annotatekubectl api-resourceskubectl api-versionskubectl applykubectl attachkubectl authkubectl autoscalekubectl certificatekubectl cluster-infokubectl completionkubectl configkubectl cordonkubectl cpkubectl createkubectl debugkubectl deletekubectl describekubectl diffkubectl drainkubectl editkubectl eventskubectl execkubectl explainkubectl exposekubectl getkubectl kustomizekubectl labelkubectl logskubectl optionskubectl patchkubectl pluginkubectl port-forwardkubectl proxykubectl replacekubectl rolloutkubectl runkubectl scalekubectl setkubectl taintkubectl topkubectl uncordonkubectl versionkubectl wait


Question: When would you use kubectl reference?

Answer: kubectl referencekubectlkubectl annotatekubectl api-resourceskubectl api-versionskubectl applykubectl attachkubectl authkubectl autoscalekubectl certificatekubectl cluster-infokubectl completionkubectl configkubectl cordonkubectl cpkubectl createkubectl debugkubectl deletekubectl describekubectl diffkubectl drainkubectl editkubectl eventskubectl execkubectl explainkubectl exposekubectl getkubectl kustomizekubectl labelkubectl logskubectl optionskubectl patchkubectl pluginkubectl port-forwardkubectl proxykubectl replacekubectl rolloutkubectl runkubectl scalekubectl setkubectl taintkubectl topkubectl uncordonkubectl versionkubectl wait


Question: What are the benefits of kubectl reference?

Answer: kubectl referencekubectlkubectl annotatekubectl api-resourceskubectl api-versionskubectl applykubectl attachkubectl authkubectl autoscalekubectl certificatekubectl cluster-infokubectl completionkubectl configkubectl cordonkubectl cpkubectl createkubectl debugkubectl deletekubectl describekubectl diffkubectl drainkubectl editkubectl eventskubectl execkubectl explainkubectl exposekubectl getkubectl kustomizekubectl labelkubectl logskubectl optionskubectl patchkubectl pluginkubectl port-forwardkubectl proxykubectl replacekubectl rolloutkubectl runkubectl scalekubectl setkubectl taintkubectl topkubectl uncordonkubectl versionkubectl wait


Question: What is kubelet?

Answer: kubeletSynopsisThe kubelet is the primary "node agent" that runs on each node. It can register the node with the apiserver using one of: the hostname; a flag to override the hostname; or specific logic for a cloud provider.The kubelet works in terms of a PodSpec. A PodSpec is a YAML or JSON object that describes a pod. The kubelet takes a set of PodSpecs that are provided through various mechanisms (primarily through the apiserver) and ensures that the containers described in those PodSpecs are running and healthy. The kubelet doesn't manage containers which were not created by Kubernetes.Other than from an PodSpec from the apiserver, there are two ways that a container manifest can be provided to the Kubelet.File: Path passed as a flag on the command line. Files under this path will be monitored periodically for updates. The monitoring period is 20s by default and is configurable via a flag.HTTP endpoint: HTTP endpoint passed as a parameter on the command line. This endpoint is checked every 20 seconds (also configurable with a flag).kubelet [flags] Options--address string Default: 0.0.0.0The IP address for the Kubelet to serve on (set to '0.0.0.0' or '::' for listening on all interfaces and IP address families) (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag. See https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/ for more information.)--allowed-unsafe-sysctls stringsComma-separated whitelist of unsafe sysctls or unsafe sysctl patterns (ending in *). Use these at your own risk. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag. See https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/ for more information.)--anonymous-auth Default: trueEnables anonymous requests to the Kubelet server. Requests that are not rejected by another authentication method are treated as anonymous requests. Anonymous requests have a username of system:anonymous, and a group name of system:unauthenticated. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag. See https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/ for more information.)--authentication-token-webhookUse the TokenReview API to determine authentication for bearer tokens. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag. See https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/ for more information.)--authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl duration Default: 2m0sThe duration to cache responses from the webhook token authenticator. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag. See https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/ for more information.)--authorization-mode string Default: "AlwaysAllow"Authorization mode for Kubelet server. Valid


Question: How does kubelet work?

Answer: kubeletSynopsisThe kubelet is the primary "node agent" that runs on each node. It can register the node with the apiserver using one of: the hostname; a flag to override the hostname; or specific logic for a cloud provider.The kubelet works in terms of a PodSpec. A PodSpec is a YAML or JSON object that describes a pod. The kubelet takes a set of PodSpecs that are provided through various mechanisms (primarily through the apiserver) and ensures that the containers described in those PodSpecs are running and healthy. The kubelet doesn't manage containers which were not created by Kubernetes.Other than from an PodSpec from the apiserver, there are two ways that a container manifest can be provided to the Kubelet.File: Path passed as a flag on the command line. Files under this path will be monitored periodically for updates. The monitoring period is 20s by default and is configurable via a flag.HTTP endpoint: HTTP endpoint passed as a parameter on the command line. This endpoint is checked every 20 seconds (also configurable with a flag).kubelet [flags] Options--address string Default: 0.0.0.0The IP address for the Kubelet to serve on (set to '0.0.0.0' or '::' for listening on all interfaces and IP address families) (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag. See https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/ for more information.)--allowed-unsafe-sysctls stringsComma-separated whitelist of unsafe sysctls or unsafe sysctl patterns (ending in *). Use these at your own risk. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag. See https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/ for more information.)--anonymous-auth Default: trueEnables anonymous requests to the Kubelet server. Requests that are not rejected by another authentication method are treated as anonymous requests. Anonymous requests have a username of system:anonymous, and a group name of system:unauthenticated. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag. See https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/ for more information.)--authentication-token-webhookUse the TokenReview API to determine authentication for bearer tokens. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag. See https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/ for more information.)--authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl duration Default: 2m0sThe duration to cache responses from the webhook token authenticator. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag. See https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/ for more information.)--authorization-mode string Default: "AlwaysAllow"Authorization mode for Kubelet server. Valid


Question: When would you use kubelet?

Answer: kubeletSynopsisThe kubelet is the primary "node agent" that runs on each node. It can register the node with the apiserver using one of: the hostname; a flag to override the hostname; or specific logic for a cloud provider.The kubelet works in terms of a PodSpec. A PodSpec is a YAML or JSON object that describes a pod. The kubelet takes a set of PodSpecs that are provided through various mechanisms (primarily through the apiserver) and ensures that the containers described in those PodSpecs are running and healthy. The kubelet doesn't manage containers which were not created by Kubernetes.Other than from an PodSpec from the apiserver, there are two ways that a container manifest can be provided to the Kubelet.File: Path passed as a flag on the command line. Files under this path will be monitored periodically for updates. The monitoring period is 20s by default and is configurable via a flag.HTTP endpoint: HTTP endpoint passed as a parameter on the command line. This endpoint is checked every 20 seconds (also configurable with a flag).kubelet [flags] Options--address string Default: 0.0.0.0The IP address for the Kubelet to serve on (set to '0.0.0.0' or '::' for listening on all interfaces and IP address families) (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag. See https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/ for more information.)--allowed-unsafe-sysctls stringsComma-separated whitelist of unsafe sysctls or unsafe sysctl patterns (ending in *). Use these at your own risk. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag. See https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/ for more information.)--anonymous-auth Default: trueEnables anonymous requests to the Kubelet server. Requests that are not rejected by another authentication method are treated as anonymous requests. Anonymous requests have a username of system:anonymous, and a group name of system:unauthenticated. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag. See https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/ for more information.)--authentication-token-webhookUse the TokenReview API to determine authentication for bearer tokens. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag. See https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/ for more information.)--authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl duration Default: 2m0sThe duration to cache responses from the webhook token authenticator. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag. See https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/ for more information.)--authorization-mode string Default: "AlwaysAllow"Authorization mode for Kubelet server. Valid


Question: What are the benefits of kubelet?

Answer: kubeletSynopsisThe kubelet is the primary "node agent" that runs on each node. It can register the node with the apiserver using one of: the hostname; a flag to override the hostname; or specific logic for a cloud provider.The kubelet works in terms of a PodSpec. A PodSpec is a YAML or JSON object that describes a pod. The kubelet takes a set of PodSpecs that are provided through various mechanisms (primarily through the apiserver) and ensures that the containers described in those PodSpecs are running and healthy. The kubelet doesn't manage containers which were not created by Kubernetes.Other than from an PodSpec from the apiserver, there are two ways that a container manifest can be provided to the Kubelet.File: Path passed as a flag on the command line. Files under this path will be monitored periodically for updates. The monitoring period is 20s by default and is configurable via a flag.HTTP endpoint: HTTP endpoint passed as a parameter on the command line. This endpoint is checked every 20 seconds (also configurable with a flag).kubelet [flags] Options--address string Default: 0.0.0.0The IP address for the Kubelet to serve on (set to '0.0.0.0' or '::' for listening on all interfaces and IP address families) (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag. See https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/ for more information.)--allowed-unsafe-sysctls stringsComma-separated whitelist of unsafe sysctls or unsafe sysctl patterns (ending in *). Use these at your own risk. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag. See https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/ for more information.)--anonymous-auth Default: trueEnables anonymous requests to the Kubelet server. Requests that are not rejected by another authentication method are treated as anonymous requests. Anonymous requests have a username of system:anonymous, and a group name of system:unauthenticated. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag. See https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/ for more information.)--authentication-token-webhookUse the TokenReview API to determine authentication for bearer tokens. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag. See https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/ for more information.)--authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl duration Default: 2m0sThe duration to cache responses from the webhook token authenticator. (DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag. See https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubelet-config-file/ for more information.)--authorization-mode string Default: "AlwaysAllow"Authorization mode for Kubelet server. Valid


Question: What is Synopsis?

Answer: T h e   k u b e l e t   i s   t h e   p r i m a r y   " n o d e   a g e n t "   t h a t   r u n s   o n   e a c h   n o d e .   I t   c a n   r e g i s t e r   t h e   n o d e   w i t h   t h e   a p i s e r v e r   u s i n g   o n e   o f :   t h e   h o s t n a m e ;   a   f l a g   t o   o v e r r i d e   t h e   h o s t n a m e ;   o r   s p e c i f i c   l o g i c   f o r   a   c l o u d   p r o v i d e r .   T h e   k u b e l e t   w o r k s   i n   t e r m s   o f   a   P o d S p e c .   A   P o d S p e c   i s   a   Y A M L   o r   J S O N   o b j e c t   t h a t   d e s c r i b e s   a   p o d .   T h e   k u b e l e t   t a k e s   a   s e t   o f   P o d S p e c s   t h a t   a r e   p r o v i d e d   t h r o u g h   v a r i o u s   m e c h a n i s m s   ( p r i m a r i l y   t h r o u g h   t h e   a p i s e r v e r )   a n d   e n s u r e s   t h a t   t h e   c o n t a i n e r s   d e s c r i b e d   i n   t h o s e   P o d S p e c s   a r e   r u n n i n g   a n d   h e a l t h y .   T h e   k u b e l e t   d o e s n ' t   m a n a g e   c o n t a i n e r s   w h i c h   w e r e   n o t   c r e a t e d   b y   K u b e r n e t e s .   O t h e r   t h a n   f r o m   a n   P o d S p e c   f r o m   t h e   a p i s e r v e r ,   t h e r e   a r e   t w o   w a y s   t h a t   a   c o n t a i n e r   m a n i f e s t   c a n   b e   p r o v i d e d   t o   t h e   K u b e l e t .   F i l e :   P a t h   p a s s e d   a s   a   f l a g   o n   t h e   c o m m a n d   l i n e .   F i l e s   u n d e r   t h i s   p a t h   w i l l   b e   m o n i t o r e d   p e r i o d i c a l l y   f o r   u p d a t e s .   T h e   m o n i t o r i n g   p e r i o d   i s   2 0 s   b y   d e f a u l t   a n d   i s   c o n f i g u r a b l e   v i a   a   f l a g .   H T T P   e n d p o i n t :   H T T P   e n d p o i n t   p a s s e d   a s   a   p a r a m e t e r   o n   t h e   c o m m a n d   l i n e .   T h i s   e n d p o i n t   i s   c h e c k e d   e v e r y   2 0


Question: What is Options?

Answer: T h e   I P   a d d r e s s   f o r   t h e   K u b e l e t   t o   s e r v e   o n   ( s e t   t o   ' 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 '   o r   ' : : '   f o r   l i s t e n i n g   o n   a l l   i n t e r f a c e s   a n d   I P   a d d r e s s   f a m i l i e s )   ( D E P R E C A T E D :   T h i s   p a r a m e t e r   s h o u l d   b e   s e t   v i a   t h e   c o n f i g   f i l e   s p e c i f i e d   b y   t h e   K u b e l e t ' s   - - c o n f i g   f l a g .   S e e   h t t p s : / / k u b e r n e t e s . i o / d o c s / t a s k s / a d m i n i s t e r - c l u s t e r / k u b e l e t - c o n f i g - f i l e /   f o r   m o r e   i n f o r m a t i o n . )   C o m m a - s e p a r a t e d   w h i t e l i s t   o f   u n s a f e   s y s c t l s   o r   u n s a f e   s y s c t l   p a t t e r n s   ( e n d i n g   i n   * ) .   U s e   t h e s e   a t   y o u r   o w n   r i s k .   ( D E P R E C A T E D :   T h i s   p a r a m e t e r   s h o u l d   b e   s e t   v i a   t h e   c o n f i g   f i l e   s p e c i f i e d   b y   t h e   K u b e l e t ' s   - - c o n f i g   f l a g .   S e e   h t t p s : / / k u b e r n e t e s . i o / d o c s / t a s k s / a d m i n i s t e r - c l u s t e r / k u b e l e t - c o n f i g - f i l e /   f o r   m o r e   i n f o r m a t i o n . )   E n a b l e s   a n o n y m o u s   r e q u e s t s   t o   t h e   K u b e l e t   s e r v e r .   R e q u e s t s   t h a t   a r e   n o t   r e j e c t e d   b y   a n o t h e r   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   m e t h o d   a r e   t r e a t e d   a s   a n o n y m o u s   r e q u e s t s .   A n o n y m o u s   r e q u e s t s   h a v e   a   u s e r n a m e   o f   s y s t e m : a n o n y m o u s ,   a n d   a   g r o u p   n a m e   o f   s y s t e m : u n a u t h e n t i c a t e d .   ( D E P R E C A T E D :   T h i s   p a r a m e t e r   s h o u l d   b e   s e t   v i a   t h e   c o n f i g   f i l e   s p e c i f i e d   b y   t h e   K u b e l e t ' s   - - c o n f i g   f l a g .


Question: What is Suggesting content improvements?

Answer: Suggesting content improvementsIf you notice an issue with Kubernetes documentation or have an idea for new content, then open an issue. All you need is a GitHub account and a web browser.In most cases, new work on Kubernetes documentation begins with an issue in GitHub. Kubernetes contributors then review, categorize and tag issues as needed. Next, you or another member of the Kubernetes community open a pull request with changes to resolve the issue.Opening an issueIf you want to suggest improvements to existing content or notice an error, then open an issue.Click the Create an issue link on the right sidebar. This redirects you to a GitHub issue page pre-populated with some headers.Describe the issue or suggestion for improvement. Provide as many details as you can.Click Submit new issue.After submitting, check in on your issue occasionally or turn on GitHub notifications. Reviewers and other community members might ask questions before they can take action on your issue.Suggesting new contentIf you have an idea for new content, but you aren't sure where it should go, you can still file an issue. Either:Choose an existing page in the section you think the content belongs in and click Create an issue.Go to GitHub and file the issue directly.How to file great issuesKeep the following in mind when filing an issue:Provide a clear issue description. Describe what specifically is missing, out of date, wrong, or needs improvement.Explain the specific impact the issue has on users.Limit the scope of a given issue to a reasonable unit of work. For problems with a large scope, break them down into smaller issues. For example, "Fix the security docs" is too broad, but "Add details to the 'Restricting network access' topic" is specific enough to be actionable.Search the existing issues to see if there's anything related or similar to the new issue.If the new issue relates to another issue or pull request, refer to it either by its full URL or by the issue or pull request number prefixed with a # character. For example, Introduced by #987654.Follow the Code of Conduct. Respect your fellow contributors. For example, "The docs are terrible" is not helpful or polite


Question: How does Suggesting content improvements work?

Answer: Suggesting content improvementsIf you notice an issue with Kubernetes documentation or have an idea for new content, then open an issue. All you need is a GitHub account and a web browser.In most cases, new work on Kubernetes documentation begins with an issue in GitHub. Kubernetes contributors then review, categorize and tag issues as needed. Next, you or another member of the Kubernetes community open a pull request with changes to resolve the issue.Opening an issueIf you want to suggest improvements to existing content or notice an error, then open an issue.Click the Create an issue link on the right sidebar. This redirects you to a GitHub issue page pre-populated with some headers.Describe the issue or suggestion for improvement. Provide as many details as you can.Click Submit new issue.After submitting, check in on your issue occasionally or turn on GitHub notifications. Reviewers and other community members might ask questions before they can take action on your issue.Suggesting new contentIf you have an idea for new content, but you aren't sure where it should go, you can still file an issue. Either:Choose an existing page in the section you think the content belongs in and click Create an issue.Go to GitHub and file the issue directly.How to file great issuesKeep the following in mind when filing an issue:Provide a clear issue description. Describe what specifically is missing, out of date, wrong, or needs improvement.Explain the specific impact the issue has on users.Limit the scope of a given issue to a reasonable unit of work. For problems with a large scope, break them down into smaller issues. For example, "Fix the security docs" is too broad, but "Add details to the 'Restricting network access' topic" is specific enough to be actionable.Search the existing issues to see if there's anything related or similar to the new issue.If the new issue relates to another issue or pull request, refer to it either by its full URL or by the issue or pull request number prefixed with a # character. For example, Introduced by #987654.Follow the Code of Conduct. Respect your fellow contributors. For example, "The docs are terrible" is not helpful or polite


Question: When would you use Suggesting content improvements?

Answer: Suggesting content improvementsIf you notice an issue with Kubernetes documentation or have an idea for new content, then open an issue. All you need is a GitHub account and a web browser.In most cases, new work on Kubernetes documentation begins with an issue in GitHub. Kubernetes contributors then review, categorize and tag issues as needed. Next, you or another member of the Kubernetes community open a pull request with changes to resolve the issue.Opening an issueIf you want to suggest improvements to existing content or notice an error, then open an issue.Click the Create an issue link on the right sidebar. This redirects you to a GitHub issue page pre-populated with some headers.Describe the issue or suggestion for improvement. Provide as many details as you can.Click Submit new issue.After submitting, check in on your issue occasionally or turn on GitHub notifications. Reviewers and other community members might ask questions before they can take action on your issue.Suggesting new contentIf you have an idea for new content, but you aren't sure where it should go, you can still file an issue. Either:Choose an existing page in the section you think the content belongs in and click Create an issue.Go to GitHub and file the issue directly.How to file great issuesKeep the following in mind when filing an issue:Provide a clear issue description. Describe what specifically is missing, out of date, wrong, or needs improvement.Explain the specific impact the issue has on users.Limit the scope of a given issue to a reasonable unit of work. For problems with a large scope, break them down into smaller issues. For example, "Fix the security docs" is too broad, but "Add details to the 'Restricting network access' topic" is specific enough to be actionable.Search the existing issues to see if there's anything related or similar to the new issue.If the new issue relates to another issue or pull request, refer to it either by its full URL or by the issue or pull request number prefixed with a # character. For example, Introduced by #987654.Follow the Code of Conduct. Respect your fellow contributors. For example, "The docs are terrible" is not helpful or polite


Question: What are the benefits of Suggesting content improvements?

Answer: Suggesting content improvementsIf you notice an issue with Kubernetes documentation or have an idea for new content, then open an issue. All you need is a GitHub account and a web browser.In most cases, new work on Kubernetes documentation begins with an issue in GitHub. Kubernetes contributors then review, categorize and tag issues as needed. Next, you or another member of the Kubernetes community open a pull request with changes to resolve the issue.Opening an issueIf you want to suggest improvements to existing content or notice an error, then open an issue.Click the Create an issue link on the right sidebar. This redirects you to a GitHub issue page pre-populated with some headers.Describe the issue or suggestion for improvement. Provide as many details as you can.Click Submit new issue.After submitting, check in on your issue occasionally or turn on GitHub notifications. Reviewers and other community members might ask questions before they can take action on your issue.Suggesting new contentIf you have an idea for new content, but you aren't sure where it should go, you can still file an issue. Either:Choose an existing page in the section you think the content belongs in and click Create an issue.Go to GitHub and file the issue directly.How to file great issuesKeep the following in mind when filing an issue:Provide a clear issue description. Describe what specifically is missing, out of date, wrong, or needs improvement.Explain the specific impact the issue has on users.Limit the scope of a given issue to a reasonable unit of work. For problems with a large scope, break them down into smaller issues. For example, "Fix the security docs" is too broad, but "Add details to the 'Restricting network access' topic" is specific enough to be actionable.Search the existing issues to see if there's anything related or similar to the new issue.If the new issue relates to another issue or pull request, refer to it either by its full URL or by the issue or pull request number prefixed with a # character. For example, Introduced by #987654.Follow the Code of Conduct. Respect your fellow contributors. For example, "The docs are terrible" is not helpful or polite


Question: What is Suggesting content improvements?

Answer: I f   y o u   n o t i c e   a n   i s s u e   w i t h   K u b e r n e t e s   d o c u m e n t a t i o n   o r   h a v e   a n   i d e a   f o r   n e w   c o n t e n t ,   t h e n   o p e n   a n   i s s u e .   A l l   y o u   n e e d   i s   a   G i t H u b   a c c o u n t   a n d   a   w e b   b r o w s e r .   I n   m o s t   c a s e s ,   n e w   w o r k   o n   K u b e r n e t e s   d o c u m e n t a t i o n   b e g i n s   w i t h   a n   i s s u e   i n   G i t H u b .   K u b e r n e t e s   c o n t r i b u t o r s   t h e n   r e v i e w ,   c a t e g o r i z e   a n d   t a g   i s s u e s   a s   n e e d e d .   N e x t ,   y o u   o r   a n o t h e r   m e m b e r   o f   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   c o m m u n i t y   o p e n   a   p u l l   r e q u e s t   w i t h   c h a n g e s   t o   r e s o l v e   t h e   i s s u e .


Question: What is Opening an issue?

Answer: I f   y o u   w a n t   t o   s u g g e s t   i m p r o v e m e n t s   t o   e x i s t i n g   c o n t e n t   o r   n o t i c e   a n   e r r o r ,   t h e n   o p e n   a n   i s s u e .   C l i c k   t h e   C r e a t e   a n   i s s u e   l i n k   o n   t h e   r i g h t   s i d e b a r .   T h i s   r e d i r e c t s   y o u   t o   a   G i t H u b   i s s u e   p a g e   p r e - p o p u l a t e d   w i t h   s o m e   h e a d e r s . D e s c r i b e   t h e   i s s u e   o r   s u g g e s t i o n   f o r   i m p r o v e m e n t .   P r o v i d e   a s   m a n y   d e t a i l s   a s   y o u   c a n . C l i c k   S u b m i t   n e w   i s s u e .   A f t e r   s u b m i t t i n g ,   c h e c k   i n   o n   y o u r   i s s u e   o c c a s i o n a l l y   o r   t u r n   o n   G i t H u b   n o t i f i c a t i o n s .   R e v i e w e r s   a n d   o t h e r   c o m m u n i t y   m e m b e r s   m i g h t   a s k   q u e s t i o n s   b e f o r e   t h e y   c a n   t a k e   a c t i o n   o n   y o u r   i s s u e .


Question: What is Suggesting new content?

Answer: I f   y o u   h a v e   a n   i d e a   f o r   n e w   c o n t e n t ,   b u t   y o u   a r e n ' t   s u r e   w h e r e   i t   s h o u l d   g o ,   y o u   c a n   s t i l l   f i l e   a n   i s s u e .   E i t h e r :   C h o o s e   a n   e x i s t i n g   p a g e   i n   t h e   s e c t i o n   y o u   t h i n k   t h e   c o n t e n t   b e l o n g s   i n   a n d   c l i c k   C r e a t e   a n   i s s u e . G o   t o   G i t H u b   a n d   f i l e   t h e   i s s u e   d i r e c t l y .