Question: What are the benefits of kubectl rollout status?

Answer: kubectl rollout statusSynopsisShow the status of the rollout.By default 'rollout status' will watch the status of the latest rollout until it's done. If you don't want to wait for the rollout to finish then you can use --watch=false. Note that if a new rollout starts in-between, then 'rollout status' will continue watching the latest revision. If you want to pin to a specific revision and abort if it is rolled over by another revision, use --revision=N where N is the revision you need to watch for.kubectl rollout status (TYPE NAME | TYPE/NAME) [flags] Examples # Watch the rollout status of a deployment kubectl rollout status deployment/nginx Options-f, --filename stringsFilename, directory, or URL to files identifying the resource to get from a server.-h, --helphelp for status-k, --kustomize stringProcess the kustomization directory. This flag can't be used together with -f or -R.-R, --recursiveProcess the directory used in -f, --filename recursively. Useful when you want to manage related manifests organized within the same directory.--revision intPin to a specific revision for showing its status. Defaults to 0 (last revision).-l, --selector stringSelector (label query) to filter on, supports '=', '==', '!=', 'in', 'notin'.(e.g. -l key1=value1,key2=value2,key3 in (value3)). Matching objects must satisfy all of the specified label constraints.--timeout durationThe length of time to wait before ending watch, zero means never. Any other values should contain a corresponding time unit (e.g. 1s, 2m, 3h).-w, --watch Default: trueWatch the status of the rollout until it's done.Parent Options Inherited--as stringUsername to impersonate for the operation. User could be a regular user or a service account in a namespace.--as-group stringsGroup to impersonate for the operation, this flag can be repeated to specify multiple groups.--as-uid stringUID to impersonate for the operation.--cache-dir string Default: "$HOME/.kube/cache"Default cache directory--certificate-authority stringPath to a cert file for the certificate authority--client-certificate stringPath to a client certificate file for TLS--client-key stringPath to a client key file for TLS--cluster stringThe name of the kubeconfig cluster to use--context stringThe name of the kubeconfig context to use--disable-compressionIf true, opt-out of response compression for all requests to the server--insecure-skip-tls-verifyIf true, the server's certificate will not be checked for validity. This will make your HTTPS connections insecure--kubeconfig stringPath to the kubeconfig file to use for CLI requests.--kuberc stringPath to the kuberc file to use for preferences. This can be disabled by exporting KUBECTL_KUBERC=false feature gate or turning off the feature KUBERC=off.--match-server-versionRequire server version to match client version-n, --namespace stringIf present, the namespace scope for this CLI request--password stringPassword for basic authentication to the API server--profile string Default: "none


Question: What is Synopsis?

Answer: S h o w   t h e   s t a t u s   o f   t h e   r o l l o u t .   B y   d e f a u l t   ' r o l l o u t   s t a t u s '   w i l l   w a t c h   t h e   s t a t u s   o f   t h e   l a t e s t   r o l l o u t   u n t i l   i t ' s   d o n e .   I f   y o u   d o n ' t   w a n t   t o   w a i t   f o r   t h e   r o l l o u t   t o   f i n i s h   t h e n   y o u   c a n   u s e   - - w a t c h = f a l s e .   N o t e   t h a t   i f   a   n e w   r o l l o u t   s t a r t s   i n - b e t w e e n ,   t h e n   ' r o l l o u t   s t a t u s '   w i l l   c o n t i n u e   w a t c h i n g   t h e   l a t e s t   r e v i s i o n .   I f   y o u   w a n t   t o   p i n   t o   a   s p e c i f i c   r e v i s i o n   a n d   a b o r t   i f   i t   i s   r o l l e d   o v e r   b y   a n o t h e r   r e v i s i o n ,   u s e   - - r e v i s i o n = N   w h e r e   N   i s   t h e   r e v i s i o n   y o u   n e e d   t o   w a t c h   f o r .   k u b e c t l   r o l l o u t   s t a t u s   ( T Y P E   N A M E   |   T Y P E / N A M E )   [ f l a g s ]


Question: What is Examples?

Answer: #   W a t c h   t h e   r o l l o u t   s t a t u s   o f   a   d e p l o y m e n t   k u b e c t l   r o l l o u t   s t a t u s   d e p l o y m e n t / n g i n x


Question: What is Options?

Answer: F i l e n a m e ,   d i r e c t o r y ,   o r   U R L   t o   f i l e s   i d e n t i f y i n g   t h e   r e s o u r c e   t o   g e t   f r o m   a   s e r v e r .   h e l p   f o r   s t a t u s   P r o c e s s   t h e   k u s t o m i z a t i o n   d i r e c t o r y .   T h i s   f l a g   c a n ' t   b e   u s e d   t o g e t h e r   w i t h   - f   o r   - R .   P r o c e s s   t h e   d i r e c t o r y   u s e d   i n   - f ,   - - f i l e n a m e   r e c u r s i v e l y .   U s e f u l   w h e n   y o u   w a n t   t o   m a n a g e   r e l a t e d   m a n i f e s t s   o r g a n i z e d   w i t h i n   t h e   s a m e   d i r e c t o r y .   P i n   t o   a   s p e c i f i c   r e v i s i o n   f o r   s h o w i n g   i t s   s t a t u s .   D e f a u l t s   t o   0   ( l a s t   r e v i s i o n ) .   S e l e c t o r   ( l a b e l   q u e r y )   t o   f i l t e r   o n ,   s u p p o r t s   ' = ' ,   ' = = ' ,   ' ! = ' ,   ' i n ' ,   ' n o t i n ' . ( e . g .   - l   k e y 1 = v a l u e 1 , k e y 2 = v a l u e 2 , k e y 3   i n   ( v a l u e 3 ) ) .   M a t c h i n g   o b j e c t s   m u s t   s a t i s f y   a l l   o f   t h e   s p e c i f i e d   l a b e l   c o n s t r a i n t s .   T h e   l e n g t h   o f   t i m e   t o   w a i t   b e f o r e   e n d i n g   w a t c h ,   z e r o   m e a n s   n e v e r .   A n y   o t h e r   v a l u e s   s h o u l d   c o n t a i n   a   c o r r e s p o n d i n g   t i m e   u n i t   ( e . g .   1 s ,   2 m ,   3 h ) .   W a t c h   t h e   s t a t u s   o f   t h e   r o l l o u t   u n t i l   i t ' s   d o n e .


Question: What is Parent Options Inherited?

Answer: U s e r n a m e   t o   i m p e r s o n a t e   f o r   t h e   o p e r a t i o n .   U s e r   c o u l d   b e   a   r e g u l a r   u s e r   o r   a   s e r v i c e   a c c o u n t   i n   a   n a m e s p a c e .   G r o u p   t o   i m p e r s o n a t e   f o r   t h e   o p e r a t i o n ,   t h i s   f l a g   c a n   b e   r e p e a t e d   t o   s p e c i f y   m u l t i p l e   g r o u p s .   U I D   t o   i m p e r s o n a t e   f o r   t h e   o p e r a t i o n .   D e f a u l t   c a c h e   d i r e c t o r y   P a t h   t o   a   c e r t   f i l e   f o r   t h e   c e r t i f i c a t e   a u t h o r i t y   P a t h   t o   a   c l i e n t   c e r t i f i c a t e   f i l e   f o r   T L S   P a t h   t o   a   c l i e n t   k e y   f i l e   f o r   T L S   T h e   n a m e   o f   t h e   k u b e c o n f i g   c l u s t e r   t o   u s e   T h e   n a m e   o f   t h e   k u b e c o n f i g   c o n t e x t   t o   u s e   I f   t r u e ,   o p t - o u t   o f   r e s p o n s e   c o m p r e s s i o n   f o r   a l l   r e q u e s t s   t o   t h e   s e r v e r   I f   t r u e ,   t h e   s e r v e r ' s   c e r t i f i c a t e   w i l l   n o t   b e   c h e c k e d   f o r   v a l i d i t y .   T h i s   w i l l   m a k e   y o u r   H T T P S   c o n n e c t i o n s   i n s e c u r e   P a t h   t o   t h e   k u b e c o n f i g   f i l e   t o   u s e   f o r   C L I   r e q u e s t s .   P a t h   t o   t h e   k u b e r c   f i l e   t o   u s e   f o r   p r e f e r e n c e s .   T h i s   c a n   b e   d i s a b l e d   b y   e x p o r t i n g   K U B E C T L _ K U B E R C = f a l s e   f e a t u r e   g a t e   o r   t u r n i n g   o f f   t h e   f e a t u r e   K U B E R C = o f f .   R e q u i r e   s e r v e r   v e r s i o n   t o   m a t c h   c l i e n t   v e r s i o n   I f   p r e s e n t ,   t h e   n a m e s p a c e   s c o p e   f o r   t h i s   C L I   r e q u e s t   P a s s w o r d   f o r   b a s i c   a u t h e n t i c a t


Question: What is See Also?

Answer: k u b e c t l   r o l l o u t   -   M a n a g e   t h e   r o l l o u t   o f   a   r e s o u r c e   T h i s   p a g e   i s   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   g e n e r a t e d .   I f   y o u   p l a n   t o   r e p o r t   a n   i s s u e   w i t h   t h i s   p a g e ,   m e n t i o n   t h a t   t h e   p a g e   i s   a u t o - g e n e r a t e d   i n   y o u r   i s s u e   d e s c r i p t i o n .   T h e   f i x   m a y   n e e d   t o   h a p p e n   e l s e w h e r e   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t .


Question: What is EndpointSlice?

Answer: EndpointSliceEndpointSlice represents a set of service endpoints.apiVersion: discovery.k8s.io/v1import "k8s.io/api/discovery/v1"EndpointSliceEndpointSlice represents a set of service endpoints. Most EndpointSlices are created by the EndpointSlice controller to represent the Pods selected by Service objects. For a given service there may be multiple EndpointSlice objects which must be joined to produce the full set of endpoints; you can find all of the slices for a given service by listing EndpointSlices in the service's namespace whose kubernetes.io/service-name label contains the service's name.apiVersion: discovery.k8s.io/v1kind: EndpointSlicemetadata (ObjectMeta)Standard object's metadata.addressType (string), requiredaddressType specifies the type of address carried by this EndpointSlice. All addresses in this slice must be the same type. This field is immutable after creation. The following address types are currently supported: * IPv4: Represents an IPv4 Address. * IPv6: Represents an IPv6 Address. * FQDN: Represents a Fully Qualified Domain Name. (Deprecated) The EndpointSlice controller only generates, and kube-proxy only processes, slices of addressType "IPv4" and "IPv6". No semantics are defined for the "FQDN" type.endpoints ([]Endpoint), requiredAtomic: will be replaced during a mergeendpoints is a list of unique endpoints in this slice. Each slice may include a maximum of 1000 endpoints.Endpoint represents a single logical "backend" implementing a service.endpoints.addresses ([]string), requiredSet: unique values will be kept during a mergeaddresses of this endpoint. For EndpointSlices of addressType "IPv4" or "IPv6", the values are IP addresses in canonical form. The syntax and semantics of other addressType values are not defined. This must contain at least one address but no more than 100. EndpointSlices generated by the EndpointSlice controller will always have exactly 1 address. No semantics are defined for additional addresses beyond the first, and kube-proxy does not look at them.endpoints.conditions (EndpointConditions)conditions contains information about the current status of the endpoint.EndpointConditions represents the current condition of an endpoint.endpoints.conditions.ready (boolean)ready indicates that this endpoint is ready to receive traffic, according to whatever system is managing the endpoint. A nil value should be interpreted as "true". In general, an endpoint should be marked ready if it is serving and not terminating, though this can be overridden in some cases, such as when the associated Service has set the publishNotReadyAddresses flag.endpoints.conditions.serving (boolean)serving indicates that this endpoint is able to receive traffic, according to whatever system is managing the endpoint. For endpoints backed by pods, the EndpointSlice controller will mark the endpoint as serving if the pod's Ready condition is True. A nil value should be interpreted as "true".endpoints.conditions.terminating (boolean)te


Question: How does EndpointSlice work?

Answer: EndpointSliceEndpointSlice represents a set of service endpoints.apiVersion: discovery.k8s.io/v1import "k8s.io/api/discovery/v1"EndpointSliceEndpointSlice represents a set of service endpoints. Most EndpointSlices are created by the EndpointSlice controller to represent the Pods selected by Service objects. For a given service there may be multiple EndpointSlice objects which must be joined to produce the full set of endpoints; you can find all of the slices for a given service by listing EndpointSlices in the service's namespace whose kubernetes.io/service-name label contains the service's name.apiVersion: discovery.k8s.io/v1kind: EndpointSlicemetadata (ObjectMeta)Standard object's metadata.addressType (string), requiredaddressType specifies the type of address carried by this EndpointSlice. All addresses in this slice must be the same type. This field is immutable after creation. The following address types are currently supported: * IPv4: Represents an IPv4 Address. * IPv6: Represents an IPv6 Address. * FQDN: Represents a Fully Qualified Domain Name. (Deprecated) The EndpointSlice controller only generates, and kube-proxy only processes, slices of addressType "IPv4" and "IPv6". No semantics are defined for the "FQDN" type.endpoints ([]Endpoint), requiredAtomic: will be replaced during a mergeendpoints is a list of unique endpoints in this slice. Each slice may include a maximum of 1000 endpoints.Endpoint represents a single logical "backend" implementing a service.endpoints.addresses ([]string), requiredSet: unique values will be kept during a mergeaddresses of this endpoint. For EndpointSlices of addressType "IPv4" or "IPv6", the values are IP addresses in canonical form. The syntax and semantics of other addressType values are not defined. This must contain at least one address but no more than 100. EndpointSlices generated by the EndpointSlice controller will always have exactly 1 address. No semantics are defined for additional addresses beyond the first, and kube-proxy does not look at them.endpoints.conditions (EndpointConditions)conditions contains information about the current status of the endpoint.EndpointConditions represents the current condition of an endpoint.endpoints.conditions.ready (boolean)ready indicates that this endpoint is ready to receive traffic, according to whatever system is managing the endpoint. A nil value should be interpreted as "true". In general, an endpoint should be marked ready if it is serving and not terminating, though this can be overridden in some cases, such as when the associated Service has set the publishNotReadyAddresses flag.endpoints.conditions.serving (boolean)serving indicates that this endpoint is able to receive traffic, according to whatever system is managing the endpoint. For endpoints backed by pods, the EndpointSlice controller will mark the endpoint as serving if the pod's Ready condition is True. A nil value should be interpreted as "true".endpoints.conditions.terminating (boolean)te


Question: When would you use EndpointSlice?

Answer: EndpointSliceEndpointSlice represents a set of service endpoints.apiVersion: discovery.k8s.io/v1import "k8s.io/api/discovery/v1"EndpointSliceEndpointSlice represents a set of service endpoints. Most EndpointSlices are created by the EndpointSlice controller to represent the Pods selected by Service objects. For a given service there may be multiple EndpointSlice objects which must be joined to produce the full set of endpoints; you can find all of the slices for a given service by listing EndpointSlices in the service's namespace whose kubernetes.io/service-name label contains the service's name.apiVersion: discovery.k8s.io/v1kind: EndpointSlicemetadata (ObjectMeta)Standard object's metadata.addressType (string), requiredaddressType specifies the type of address carried by this EndpointSlice. All addresses in this slice must be the same type. This field is immutable after creation. The following address types are currently supported: * IPv4: Represents an IPv4 Address. * IPv6: Represents an IPv6 Address. * FQDN: Represents a Fully Qualified Domain Name. (Deprecated) The EndpointSlice controller only generates, and kube-proxy only processes, slices of addressType "IPv4" and "IPv6". No semantics are defined for the "FQDN" type.endpoints ([]Endpoint), requiredAtomic: will be replaced during a mergeendpoints is a list of unique endpoints in this slice. Each slice may include a maximum of 1000 endpoints.Endpoint represents a single logical "backend" implementing a service.endpoints.addresses ([]string), requiredSet: unique values will be kept during a mergeaddresses of this endpoint. For EndpointSlices of addressType "IPv4" or "IPv6", the values are IP addresses in canonical form. The syntax and semantics of other addressType values are not defined. This must contain at least one address but no more than 100. EndpointSlices generated by the EndpointSlice controller will always have exactly 1 address. No semantics are defined for additional addresses beyond the first, and kube-proxy does not look at them.endpoints.conditions (EndpointConditions)conditions contains information about the current status of the endpoint.EndpointConditions represents the current condition of an endpoint.endpoints.conditions.ready (boolean)ready indicates that this endpoint is ready to receive traffic, according to whatever system is managing the endpoint. A nil value should be interpreted as "true". In general, an endpoint should be marked ready if it is serving and not terminating, though this can be overridden in some cases, such as when the associated Service has set the publishNotReadyAddresses flag.endpoints.conditions.serving (boolean)serving indicates that this endpoint is able to receive traffic, according to whatever system is managing the endpoint. For endpoints backed by pods, the EndpointSlice controller will mark the endpoint as serving if the pod's Ready condition is True. A nil value should be interpreted as "true".endpoints.conditions.terminating (boolean)te


Question: What are the benefits of EndpointSlice?

Answer: EndpointSliceEndpointSlice represents a set of service endpoints.apiVersion: discovery.k8s.io/v1import "k8s.io/api/discovery/v1"EndpointSliceEndpointSlice represents a set of service endpoints. Most EndpointSlices are created by the EndpointSlice controller to represent the Pods selected by Service objects. For a given service there may be multiple EndpointSlice objects which must be joined to produce the full set of endpoints; you can find all of the slices for a given service by listing EndpointSlices in the service's namespace whose kubernetes.io/service-name label contains the service's name.apiVersion: discovery.k8s.io/v1kind: EndpointSlicemetadata (ObjectMeta)Standard object's metadata.addressType (string), requiredaddressType specifies the type of address carried by this EndpointSlice. All addresses in this slice must be the same type. This field is immutable after creation. The following address types are currently supported: * IPv4: Represents an IPv4 Address. * IPv6: Represents an IPv6 Address. * FQDN: Represents a Fully Qualified Domain Name. (Deprecated) The EndpointSlice controller only generates, and kube-proxy only processes, slices of addressType "IPv4" and "IPv6". No semantics are defined for the "FQDN" type.endpoints ([]Endpoint), requiredAtomic: will be replaced during a mergeendpoints is a list of unique endpoints in this slice. Each slice may include a maximum of 1000 endpoints.Endpoint represents a single logical "backend" implementing a service.endpoints.addresses ([]string), requiredSet: unique values will be kept during a mergeaddresses of this endpoint. For EndpointSlices of addressType "IPv4" or "IPv6", the values are IP addresses in canonical form. The syntax and semantics of other addressType values are not defined. This must contain at least one address but no more than 100. EndpointSlices generated by the EndpointSlice controller will always have exactly 1 address. No semantics are defined for additional addresses beyond the first, and kube-proxy does not look at them.endpoints.conditions (EndpointConditions)conditions contains information about the current status of the endpoint.EndpointConditions represents the current condition of an endpoint.endpoints.conditions.ready (boolean)ready indicates that this endpoint is ready to receive traffic, according to whatever system is managing the endpoint. A nil value should be interpreted as "true". In general, an endpoint should be marked ready if it is serving and not terminating, though this can be overridden in some cases, such as when the associated Service has set the publishNotReadyAddresses flag.endpoints.conditions.serving (boolean)serving indicates that this endpoint is able to receive traffic, according to whatever system is managing the endpoint. For endpoints backed by pods, the EndpointSlice controller will mark the endpoint as serving if the pod's Ready condition is True. A nil value should be interpreted as "true".endpoints.conditions.terminating (boolean)te


Question: What is EndpointSlice?

Answer: a p i V e r s i o n :   d i s c o v e r y . k 8 s . i o / v 1   i m p o r t   " k 8 s . i o / a p i / d i s c o v e r y / v 1 "


Question: What is EndpointSlice?

Answer: E n d p o i n t S l i c e   r e p r e s e n t s   a   s e t   o f   s e r v i c e   e n d p o i n t s .   M o s t   E n d p o i n t S l i c e s   a r e   c r e a t e d   b y   t h e   E n d p o i n t S l i c e   c o n t r o l l e r   t o   r e p r e s e n t   t h e   P o d s   s e l e c t e d   b y   S e r v i c e   o b j e c t s .   F o r   a   g i v e n   s e r v i c e   t h e r e   m a y   b e   m u l t i p l e   E n d p o i n t S l i c e   o b j e c t s   w h i c h   m u s t   b e   j o i n e d   t o   p r o d u c e   t h e   f u l l   s e t   o f   e n d p o i n t s ;   y o u   c a n   f i n d   a l l   o f   t h e   s l i c e s   f o r   a   g i v e n   s e r v i c e   b y   l i s t i n g   E n d p o i n t S l i c e s   i n   t h e   s e r v i c e ' s   n a m e s p a c e   w h o s e   k u b e r n e t e s . i o / s e r v i c e - n a m e   l a b e l   c o n t a i n s   t h e   s e r v i c e ' s   n a m e .   a p i V e r s i o n :   d i s c o v e r y . k 8 s . i o / v 1 k i n d :   E n d p o i n t S l i c e m e t a d a t a   ( O b j e c t M e t a ) S t a n d a r d   o b j e c t ' s   m e t a d a t a . a d d r e s s T y p e   ( s t r i n g ) ,   r e q u i r e d a d d r e s s T y p e   s p e c i f i e s   t h e   t y p e   o f   a d d r e s s   c a r r i e d   b y   t h i s   E n d p o i n t S l i c e .   A l l   a d d r e s s e s   i n   t h i s   s l i c e   m u s t   b e   t h e   s a m e   t y p e .   T h i s   f i e l d   i s   i m m u t a b l e   a f t e r   c r e a t i o n .   T h e   f o l l o w i n g   a d d r e s s   t y p e s   a r e   c u r r e n t l y   s u p p o r t e d :   *   I P v 4 :   R e p r e s e n t s   a n   I P v 4   A d d r e s s .   *   I P v 6 :   R e p r e s e n t s   a n   I P v 6   A d d r e s s .   *   F Q D N :   R e p r e s e n t s   a   F u l l y   Q u a l i f i e d   D o m a i n   N a m e .   ( D e p r e c a t e d )   T h e   E n d p o i n t S l i c e   c o n t r o l l e r   o n l y   g e n e r a t e s ,   a n d   k u b e - p r o


Question: What is EndpointSliceList?

Answer: E n d p o i n t S l i c e L i s t   r e p r e s e n t s   a   l i s t   o f   e n d p o i n t   s l i c e s   a p i V e r s i o n :   d i s c o v e r y . k 8 s . i o / v 1 k i n d :   E n d p o i n t S l i c e L i s t m e t a d a t a   ( L i s t M e t a ) S t a n d a r d   l i s t   m e t a d a t a . i t e m s   ( [ ] E n d p o i n t S l i c e ) ,   r e q u i r e d i t e m s   i s   t h e   l i s t   o f   e n d p o i n t   s l i c e s   a p i V e r s i o n :   d i s c o v e r y . k 8 s . i o / v 1   k i n d :   E n d p o i n t S l i c e L i s t   m e t a d a t a   ( L i s t M e t a )   S t a n d a r d   l i s t   m e t a d a t a .   i t e m s   ( [ ] E n d p o i n t S l i c e ) ,   r e q u i r e d   i t e m s   i s   t h e   l i s t   o f   e n d p o i n t   s l i c e s


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: G E T   / a p i s / d i s c o v e r y . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / e n d p o i n t s l i c e s / { n a m e }


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   E n d p o i n t S l i c e n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   E n d p o i n t S l i c e   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( E n d p o i n t S l i c e ) :   O K   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: G E T   / a p i s / d i s c o v e r y . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / e n d p o i n t s l i c e s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g c o n t i n u e f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d S e l e c t o r l a b e l S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g l a b e l S e l e c t o r l i m i t   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r l i m i t p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r t i m e o u t S e c o n d s w a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n w a t c h   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s   c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   c o n t i n u e   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   l a b e l S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   l a b e l S e l e c t o r   l i m i t   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r   l i m i t   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( E n d p o i n t S l i c e L i s t ) :   O K   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: G E T   / a p i s / d i s c o v e r y . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / e n d p o i n t s l i c e s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g c o n t i n u e f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d S e l e c t o r l a b e l S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g l a b e l S e l e c t o r l i m i t   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r l i m i t p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r t i m e o u t S e c o n d s w a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n w a t c h   a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s   c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   c o n t i n u e   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   l a b e l S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   l a b e l S e l e c t o r   l i m i t   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r   l i m i t   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r   t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   w a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   w a t c h


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( E n d p o i n t S l i c e L i s t ) :   O K   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: P O S T   / a p i s / d i s c o v e r y . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / e n d p o i n t s l i c e s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e b o d y :   E n d p o i n t S l i c e ,   r e q u i r e d d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d M a n a g e r f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   b o d y :   E n d p o i n t S l i c e ,   r e q u i r e d   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d M a n a g e r   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( E n d p o i n t S l i c e ) :   O K   2 0 1   ( E n d p o i n t S l i c e ) :   C r e a t e d   2 0 2   ( E n d p o i n t S l i c e ) :   A c c e p t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: P U T   / a p i s / d i s c o v e r y . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / e n d p o i n t s l i c e s / { n a m e }


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   E n d p o i n t S l i c e n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e b o d y :   E n d p o i n t S l i c e ,   r e q u i r e d d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d M a n a g e r f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   E n d p o i n t S l i c e   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   b o d y :   E n d p o i n t S l i c e ,   r e q u i r e d   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d M a n a g e r   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( E n d p o i n t S l i c e ) :   O K   2 0 1   ( E n d p o i n t S l i c e ) :   C r e a t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: P A T C H   / a p i s / d i s c o v e r y . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / e n d p o i n t s l i c e s / { n a m e }


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   E n d p o i n t S l i c e n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e b o d y :   P a t c h ,   r e q u i r e d d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d M a n a g e r f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n f o r c e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n f o r c e p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   E n d p o i n t S l i c e   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   b o d y :   P a t c h ,   r e q u i r e d   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d M a n a g e r   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   f o r c e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   f o r c e   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( E n d p o i n t S l i c e ) :   O K   2 0 1   ( E n d p o i n t S l i c e ) :   C r e a t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: D E L E T E   / a p i s / d i s c o v e r y . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / e n d p o i n t s l i c e s / { n a m e }


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   E n d p o i n t S l i c e n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e b o d y :   D e l e t e O p t i o n s d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   E n d p o i n t S l i c e   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   b o d y :   D e l e t e O p t i o n s   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r   g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y   p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( S t a t u s ) :   O K   2 0 2   ( S t a t u s ) :   A c c e p t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: D E L E T E   / a p i s / d i s c o v e r y . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / e n d p o i n t s l i c e s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e b o d y :   D e l e t e O p t i o n s c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g c o n t i n u e d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d S e l e c t o r g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l l a b e l S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g l a b e l S e l e c t o r l i m i t   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r l i m i t p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   b o d y :   D e l e t e O p t i o n s   c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   c o n t i n u e   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r   g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( S t a t u s ) :   O K   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d   T h i s   p a g e   i s   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   g e n e r a t e d .   I f   y o u   p l a n   t o   r e p o r t   a n   i s s u e   w i t h   t h i s   p a g e ,   m e n t i o n   t h a t   t h e   p a g e   i s   a u t o - g e n e r a t e d   i n   y o u r   i s s u e   d e s c r i p t i o n .   T h e   f i x   m a y   n e e d   t o   h a p p e n   e l s e w h e r e   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t .


Question: What is Learn Kubernetes Basics?

Answer: Learn Kubernetes BasicsObjectivesThis tutorial provides a walkthrough of the basics of the Kubernetes cluster orchestration system. Each module contains some background information on major Kubernetes features and concepts, and a tutorial for you to follow along.Using the tutorials, you can learn to:Deploy a containerized application on a cluster.Scale the deployment.Update the containerized application with a new software version.Debug the containerized application.What can Kubernetes do for you?With modern web services, users expect applications to be available 24/7, and developers expect to deploy new versions of those applications several times a day. Containerization helps package software to serve these goals, enabling applications to be released and updated without downtime. Kubernetes helps you make sure those containerized applications run where and when you want, and helps them find the resources and tools they need to work. Kubernetes is a production-ready, open source platform designed with Google's accumulated experience in container orchestration, combined with best-of-breed ideas from the community.Kubernetes Basics Modules1. Create a Kubernetes cluster2. Deploy an app3. Explore your app4. Expose your app publicly5. Scale up your app6. Update your appWhat's nextTutorial Using Minikube to Create a Cluster


Question: How does Learn Kubernetes Basics work?

Answer: Learn Kubernetes BasicsObjectivesThis tutorial provides a walkthrough of the basics of the Kubernetes cluster orchestration system. Each module contains some background information on major Kubernetes features and concepts, and a tutorial for you to follow along.Using the tutorials, you can learn to:Deploy a containerized application on a cluster.Scale the deployment.Update the containerized application with a new software version.Debug the containerized application.What can Kubernetes do for you?With modern web services, users expect applications to be available 24/7, and developers expect to deploy new versions of those applications several times a day. Containerization helps package software to serve these goals, enabling applications to be released and updated without downtime. Kubernetes helps you make sure those containerized applications run where and when you want, and helps them find the resources and tools they need to work. Kubernetes is a production-ready, open source platform designed with Google's accumulated experience in container orchestration, combined with best-of-breed ideas from the community.Kubernetes Basics Modules1. Create a Kubernetes cluster2. Deploy an app3. Explore your app4. Expose your app publicly5. Scale up your app6. Update your appWhat's nextTutorial Using Minikube to Create a Cluster


Question: When would you use Learn Kubernetes Basics?

Answer: Learn Kubernetes BasicsObjectivesThis tutorial provides a walkthrough of the basics of the Kubernetes cluster orchestration system. Each module contains some background information on major Kubernetes features and concepts, and a tutorial for you to follow along.Using the tutorials, you can learn to:Deploy a containerized application on a cluster.Scale the deployment.Update the containerized application with a new software version.Debug the containerized application.What can Kubernetes do for you?With modern web services, users expect applications to be available 24/7, and developers expect to deploy new versions of those applications several times a day. Containerization helps package software to serve these goals, enabling applications to be released and updated without downtime. Kubernetes helps you make sure those containerized applications run where and when you want, and helps them find the resources and tools they need to work. Kubernetes is a production-ready, open source platform designed with Google's accumulated experience in container orchestration, combined with best-of-breed ideas from the community.Kubernetes Basics Modules1. Create a Kubernetes cluster2. Deploy an app3. Explore your app4. Expose your app publicly5. Scale up your app6. Update your appWhat's nextTutorial Using Minikube to Create a Cluster


Question: What are the benefits of Learn Kubernetes Basics?

Answer: Learn Kubernetes BasicsObjectivesThis tutorial provides a walkthrough of the basics of the Kubernetes cluster orchestration system. Each module contains some background information on major Kubernetes features and concepts, and a tutorial for you to follow along.Using the tutorials, you can learn to:Deploy a containerized application on a cluster.Scale the deployment.Update the containerized application with a new software version.Debug the containerized application.What can Kubernetes do for you?With modern web services, users expect applications to be available 24/7, and developers expect to deploy new versions of those applications several times a day. Containerization helps package software to serve these goals, enabling applications to be released and updated without downtime. Kubernetes helps you make sure those containerized applications run where and when you want, and helps them find the resources and tools they need to work. Kubernetes is a production-ready, open source platform designed with Google's accumulated experience in container orchestration, combined with best-of-breed ideas from the community.Kubernetes Basics Modules1. Create a Kubernetes cluster2. Deploy an app3. Explore your app4. Expose your app publicly5. Scale up your app6. Update your appWhat's nextTutorial Using Minikube to Create a Cluster


Question: What is Objectives?

Answer: T h i s   t u t o r i a l   p r o v i d e s   a   w a l k t h r o u g h   o f   t h e   b a s i c s   o f   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   c l u s t e r   o r c h e s t r a t i o n   s y s t e m .   E a c h   m o d u l e   c o n t a i n s   s o m e   b a c k g r o u n d   i n f o r m a t i o n   o n   m a j o r   K u b e r n e t e s   f e a t u r e s   a n d   c o n c e p t s ,   a n d   a   t u t o r i a l   f o r   y o u   t o   f o l l o w   a l o n g .   U s i n g   t h e   t u t o r i a l s ,   y o u   c a n   l e a r n   t o :   D e p l o y   a   c o n t a i n e r i z e d   a p p l i c a t i o n   o n   a   c l u s t e r . S c a l e   t h e   d e p l o y m e n t . U p d a t e   t h e   c o n t a i n e r i z e d   a p p l i c a t i o n   w i t h   a   n e w   s o f t w a r e   v e r s i o n . D e b u g   t h e   c o n t a i n e r i z e d   a p p l i c a t i o n .


Question: What is What can Kubernetes do for you??

Answer: W i t h   m o d e r n   w e b   s e r v i c e s ,   u s e r s   e x p e c t   a p p l i c a t i o n s   t o   b e   a v a i l a b l e   2 4 / 7 ,   a n d   d e v e l o p e r s   e x p e c t   t o   d e p l o y   n e w   v e r s i o n s   o f   t h o s e   a p p l i c a t i o n s   s e v e r a l   t i m e s   a   d a y .   C o n t a i n e r i z a t i o n   h e l p s   p a c k a g e   s o f t w a r e   t o   s e r v e   t h e s e   g o a l s ,   e n a b l i n g   a p p l i c a t i o n s   t o   b e   r e l e a s e d   a n d   u p d a t e d   w i t h o u t   d o w n t i m e .   K u b e r n e t e s   h e l p s   y o u   m a k e   s u r e   t h o s e   c o n t a i n e r i z e d   a p p l i c a t i o n s   r u n   w h e r e   a n d   w h e n   y o u   w a n t ,   a n d   h e l p s   t h e m   f i n d   t h e   r e s o u r c e s   a n d   t o o l s   t h e y   n e e d   t o   w o r k .   K u b e r n e t e s   i s   a   p r o d u c t i o n - r e a d y ,   o p e n   s o u r c e   p l a t f o r m   d e s i g n e d   w i t h   G o o g l e ' s   a c c u m u l a t e d   e x p e r i e n c e   i n   c o n t a i n e r   o r c h e s t r a t i o n ,   c o m b i n e d   w i t h   b e s t - o f - b r e e d   i d e a s   f r o m   t h e   c o m m u n i t y .


Question: What is What's next?

Answer: T u t o r i a l   U s i n g   M i n i k u b e   t o   C r e a t e   a   C l u s t e r


Question: What is Security Checklist?

Answer: Security ChecklistBaseline checklist for ensuring security in Kubernetes clusters.This checklist aims at providing a basic list of guidance with links to more comprehensive documentation on each topic. It does not claim to be exhaustive and is meant to evolve.On how to read and use this document:The order of topics does not reflect an order of priority.Some checklist items are detailed in the paragraph below the list of each section.Caution:Checklists are not sufficient for attaining a good security posture on their own. A good security posture requires constant attention and improvement, but a checklist can be the first step on the never-ending journey towards security preparedness. Some of the recommendations in this checklist may be too restrictive or too lax for your specific security needs. Since Kubernetes security is not "one size fits all", each category of checklist items should be evaluated on its merits.Authentication & Authorization system:masters group is not used for user or component authentication after bootstrapping. The kube-controller-manager is running with --use-service-account-credentials enabled. The root certificate is protected (either an offline CA, or a managed online CA with effective access controls). Intermediate and leaf certificates have an expiry date no more than 3 years in the future. A process exists for periodic access review, and reviews occur no more than 24 months apart. The Role Based Access Control Good Practices are followed for guidance related to authentication and authorization.After bootstrapping, neither users nor components should authenticate to the Kubernetes API as system:masters. Similarly, running all of kube-controller-manager as system:masters should be avoided. In fact, system:masters should only be used as a break-glass mechanism, as opposed to an admin user.Network security CNI plugins in use support network policies. Ingress and egress network policies are applied to all workloads in the cluster. Default network policies within each namespace, selecting all pods, denying everything, are in place. If appropriate, a service mesh is used to encrypt all communications inside of the cluster. The Kubernetes API, kubelet API and etcd are not exposed publicly on Internet. Access from the workloads to the cloud metadata API is filtered. Use of LoadBalancer and ExternalIPs is restricted.A number of Container Network Interface (CNI) plugins plugins provide the functionality to restrict network resources that pods may communicate with. This is most commonly done through Network Policies which provide a namespaced resource to define rules. Default network policies that block all egress and ingress, in each namespace, selecting all pods, can be useful to adopt an allow list approach to ensure that no workloads are missed.Not all CNI plugins provide encryption in transit. If the chosen plugin lacks this feature, an alternative solution could be to use a service mesh to provide that functionality.The et


Question: How does Security Checklist work?

Answer: Security ChecklistBaseline checklist for ensuring security in Kubernetes clusters.This checklist aims at providing a basic list of guidance with links to more comprehensive documentation on each topic. It does not claim to be exhaustive and is meant to evolve.On how to read and use this document:The order of topics does not reflect an order of priority.Some checklist items are detailed in the paragraph below the list of each section.Caution:Checklists are not sufficient for attaining a good security posture on their own. A good security posture requires constant attention and improvement, but a checklist can be the first step on the never-ending journey towards security preparedness. Some of the recommendations in this checklist may be too restrictive or too lax for your specific security needs. Since Kubernetes security is not "one size fits all", each category of checklist items should be evaluated on its merits.Authentication & Authorization system:masters group is not used for user or component authentication after bootstrapping. The kube-controller-manager is running with --use-service-account-credentials enabled. The root certificate is protected (either an offline CA, or a managed online CA with effective access controls). Intermediate and leaf certificates have an expiry date no more than 3 years in the future. A process exists for periodic access review, and reviews occur no more than 24 months apart. The Role Based Access Control Good Practices are followed for guidance related to authentication and authorization.After bootstrapping, neither users nor components should authenticate to the Kubernetes API as system:masters. Similarly, running all of kube-controller-manager as system:masters should be avoided. In fact, system:masters should only be used as a break-glass mechanism, as opposed to an admin user.Network security CNI plugins in use support network policies. Ingress and egress network policies are applied to all workloads in the cluster. Default network policies within each namespace, selecting all pods, denying everything, are in place. If appropriate, a service mesh is used to encrypt all communications inside of the cluster. The Kubernetes API, kubelet API and etcd are not exposed publicly on Internet. Access from the workloads to the cloud metadata API is filtered. Use of LoadBalancer and ExternalIPs is restricted.A number of Container Network Interface (CNI) plugins plugins provide the functionality to restrict network resources that pods may communicate with. This is most commonly done through Network Policies which provide a namespaced resource to define rules. Default network policies that block all egress and ingress, in each namespace, selecting all pods, can be useful to adopt an allow list approach to ensure that no workloads are missed.Not all CNI plugins provide encryption in transit. If the chosen plugin lacks this feature, an alternative solution could be to use a service mesh to provide that functionality.The et


Question: When would you use Security Checklist?

Answer: Security ChecklistBaseline checklist for ensuring security in Kubernetes clusters.This checklist aims at providing a basic list of guidance with links to more comprehensive documentation on each topic. It does not claim to be exhaustive and is meant to evolve.On how to read and use this document:The order of topics does not reflect an order of priority.Some checklist items are detailed in the paragraph below the list of each section.Caution:Checklists are not sufficient for attaining a good security posture on their own. A good security posture requires constant attention and improvement, but a checklist can be the first step on the never-ending journey towards security preparedness. Some of the recommendations in this checklist may be too restrictive or too lax for your specific security needs. Since Kubernetes security is not "one size fits all", each category of checklist items should be evaluated on its merits.Authentication & Authorization system:masters group is not used for user or component authentication after bootstrapping. The kube-controller-manager is running with --use-service-account-credentials enabled. The root certificate is protected (either an offline CA, or a managed online CA with effective access controls). Intermediate and leaf certificates have an expiry date no more than 3 years in the future. A process exists for periodic access review, and reviews occur no more than 24 months apart. The Role Based Access Control Good Practices are followed for guidance related to authentication and authorization.After bootstrapping, neither users nor components should authenticate to the Kubernetes API as system:masters. Similarly, running all of kube-controller-manager as system:masters should be avoided. In fact, system:masters should only be used as a break-glass mechanism, as opposed to an admin user.Network security CNI plugins in use support network policies. Ingress and egress network policies are applied to all workloads in the cluster. Default network policies within each namespace, selecting all pods, denying everything, are in place. If appropriate, a service mesh is used to encrypt all communications inside of the cluster. The Kubernetes API, kubelet API and etcd are not exposed publicly on Internet. Access from the workloads to the cloud metadata API is filtered. Use of LoadBalancer and ExternalIPs is restricted.A number of Container Network Interface (CNI) plugins plugins provide the functionality to restrict network resources that pods may communicate with. This is most commonly done through Network Policies which provide a namespaced resource to define rules. Default network policies that block all egress and ingress, in each namespace, selecting all pods, can be useful to adopt an allow list approach to ensure that no workloads are missed.Not all CNI plugins provide encryption in transit. If the chosen plugin lacks this feature, an alternative solution could be to use a service mesh to provide that functionality.The et


Question: What are the benefits of Security Checklist?

Answer: Security ChecklistBaseline checklist for ensuring security in Kubernetes clusters.This checklist aims at providing a basic list of guidance with links to more comprehensive documentation on each topic. It does not claim to be exhaustive and is meant to evolve.On how to read and use this document:The order of topics does not reflect an order of priority.Some checklist items are detailed in the paragraph below the list of each section.Caution:Checklists are not sufficient for attaining a good security posture on their own. A good security posture requires constant attention and improvement, but a checklist can be the first step on the never-ending journey towards security preparedness. Some of the recommendations in this checklist may be too restrictive or too lax for your specific security needs. Since Kubernetes security is not "one size fits all", each category of checklist items should be evaluated on its merits.Authentication & Authorization system:masters group is not used for user or component authentication after bootstrapping. The kube-controller-manager is running with --use-service-account-credentials enabled. The root certificate is protected (either an offline CA, or a managed online CA with effective access controls). Intermediate and leaf certificates have an expiry date no more than 3 years in the future. A process exists for periodic access review, and reviews occur no more than 24 months apart. The Role Based Access Control Good Practices are followed for guidance related to authentication and authorization.After bootstrapping, neither users nor components should authenticate to the Kubernetes API as system:masters. Similarly, running all of kube-controller-manager as system:masters should be avoided. In fact, system:masters should only be used as a break-glass mechanism, as opposed to an admin user.Network security CNI plugins in use support network policies. Ingress and egress network policies are applied to all workloads in the cluster. Default network policies within each namespace, selecting all pods, denying everything, are in place. If appropriate, a service mesh is used to encrypt all communications inside of the cluster. The Kubernetes API, kubelet API and etcd are not exposed publicly on Internet. Access from the workloads to the cloud metadata API is filtered. Use of LoadBalancer and ExternalIPs is restricted.A number of Container Network Interface (CNI) plugins plugins provide the functionality to restrict network resources that pods may communicate with. This is most commonly done through Network Policies which provide a namespaced resource to define rules. Default network policies that block all egress and ingress, in each namespace, selecting all pods, can be useful to adopt an allow list approach to ensure that no workloads are missed.Not all CNI plugins provide encryption in transit. If the chosen plugin lacks this feature, an alternative solution could be to use a service mesh to provide that functionality.The et


Question: What is Security Checklist?

Answer: T h i s   c h e c k l i s t   a i m s   a t   p r o v i d i n g   a   b a s i c   l i s t   o f   g u i d a n c e   w i t h   l i n k s   t o   m o r e   c o m p r e h e n s i v e   d o c u m e n t a t i o n   o n   e a c h   t o p i c .   I t   d o e s   n o t   c l a i m   t o   b e   e x h a u s t i v e   a n d   i s   m e a n t   t o   e v o l v e .   O n   h o w   t o   r e a d   a n d   u s e   t h i s   d o c u m e n t :   T h e   o r d e r   o f   t o p i c s   d o e s   n o t   r e f l e c t   a n   o r d e r   o f   p r i o r i t y . S o m e   c h e c k l i s t   i t e m s   a r e   d e t a i l e d   i n   t h e   p a r a g r a p h   b e l o w   t h e   l i s t   o f   e a c h   s e c t i o n .


Question: What is Authentication & Authorization?

Answer: s y s t e m : m a s t e r s   g r o u p   i s   n o t   u s e d   f o r   u s e r   o r   c o m p o n e n t   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   a f t e r   b o o t s t r a p p i n g .   T h e   k u b e - c o n t r o l l e r - m a n a g e r   i s   r u n n i n g   w i t h   - - u s e - s e r v i c e - a c c o u n t - c r e d e n t i a l s   e n a b l e d .   T h e   r o o t   c e r t i f i c a t e   i s   p r o t e c t e d   ( e i t h e r   a n   o f f l i n e   C A ,   o r   a   m a n a g e d   o n l i n e   C A   w i t h   e f f e c t i v e   a c c e s s   c o n t r o l s ) .   I n t e r m e d i a t e   a n d   l e a f   c e r t i f i c a t e s   h a v e   a n   e x p i r y   d a t e   n o   m o r e   t h a n   3   y e a r s   i n   t h e   f u t u r e .   A   p r o c e s s   e x i s t s   f o r   p e r i o d i c   a c c e s s   r e v i e w ,   a n d   r e v i e w s   o c c u r   n o   m o r e   t h a n   2 4   m o n t h s   a p a r t .   T h e   R o l e   B a s e d   A c c e s s   C o n t r o l   G o o d   P r a c t i c e s   a r e   f o l l o w e d   f o r   g u i d a n c e   r e l a t e d   t o   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   a n d   a u t h o r i z a t i o n .   A f t e r   b o o t s t r a p p i n g ,   n e i t h e r   u s e r s   n o r   c o m p o n e n t s   s h o u l d   a u t h e n t i c a t e   t o   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I   a s   s y s t e m : m a s t e r s .   S i m i l a r l y ,   r u n n i n g   a l l   o f   k u b e - c o n t r o l l e r - m a n a g e r   a s   s y s t e m : m a s t e r s   s h o u l d   b e   a v o i d e d .   I n   f a c t ,   s y s t e m : m a s t e r s   s h o u l d   o n l y   b e   u s e d   a s   a   b r e a k - g l a s s   m e c h a n i s m ,   a s   o p p o s e d   t o   a n   a d m i n   u s e r .


Question: What is Network security?

Answer: C N I   p l u g i n s   i n   u s e   s u p p o r t   n e t w o r k   p o l i c i e s .   I n g r e s s   a n d   e g r e s s   n e t w o r k   p o l i c i e s   a r e   a p p l i e d   t o   a l l   w o r k l o a d s   i n   t h e   c l u s t e r .   D e f a u l t   n e t w o r k   p o l i c i e s   w i t h i n   e a c h   n a m e s p a c e ,   s e l e c t i n g   a l l   p o d s ,   d e n y i n g   e v e r y t h i n g ,   a r e   i n   p l a c e .   I f   a p p r o p r i a t e ,   a   s e r v i c e   m e s h   i s   u s e d   t o   e n c r y p t   a l l   c o m m u n i c a t i o n s   i n s i d e   o f   t h e   c l u s t e r .   T h e   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I ,   k u b e l e t   A P I   a n d   e t c d   a r e   n o t   e x p o s e d   p u b l i c l y   o n   I n t e r n e t .   A c c e s s   f r o m   t h e   w o r k l o a d s   t o   t h e   c l o u d   m e t a d a t a   A P I   i s   f i l t e r e d .   U s e   o f   L o a d B a l a n c e r   a n d   E x t e r n a l I P s   i s   r e s t r i c t e d .   A   n u m b e r   o f   C o n t a i n e r   N e t w o r k   I n t e r f a c e   ( C N I )   p l u g i n s   p l u g i n s   p r o v i d e   t h e   f u n c t i o n a l i t y   t o   r e s t r i c t   n e t w o r k   r e s o u r c e s   t h a t   p o d s   m a y   c o m m u n i c a t e   w i t h .   T h i s   i s   m o s t   c o m m o n l y   d o n e   t h r o u g h   N e t w o r k   P o l i c i e s   w h i c h   p r o v i d e   a   n a m e s p a c e d   r e s o u r c e   t o   d e f i n e   r u l e s .   D e f a u l t   n e t w o r k   p o l i c i e s   t h a t   b l o c k   a l l   e g r e s s   a n d   i n g r e s s ,   i n   e a c h   n a m e s p a c e ,   s e l e c t i n g   a l l   p o d s ,   c a n   b e   u s e f u l   t o   a d o p t   a n   a l l o w   l i s t   a p p r o a c h   t o   e n s u r e   t h a t   n o   w o r k l o a d s   a r e   m i s s e d .   N o t   a l l   C N I   p l u g i n s   p r o v i d e   e n c r y p t i o n   i n   t r a


Question: What is Pod security?

Answer: R B A C   r i g h t s   t o   c r e a t e ,   u p d a t e ,   p a t c h ,   d e l e t e   w o r k l o a d s   i s   o n l y   g r a n t e d   i f   n e c e s s a r y .   A p p r o p r i a t e   P o d   S e c u r i t y   S t a n d a r d s   p o l i c y   i s   a p p l i e d   f o r   a l l   n a m e s p a c e s   a n d   e n f o r c e d .   M e m o r y   l i m i t   i s   s e t   f o r   t h e   w o r k l o a d s   w i t h   a   l i m i t   e q u a l   o r   i n f e r i o r   t o   t h e   r e q u e s t .   C P U   l i m i t   m i g h t   b e   s e t   o n   s e n s i t i v e   w o r k l o a d s .   F o r   n o d e s   t h a t   s u p p o r t   i t ,   S e c c o m p   i s   e n a b l e d   w i t h   a p p r o p r i a t e   s y s c a l l s   p r o f i l e   f o r   p r o g r a m s .   F o r   n o d e s   t h a t   s u p p o r t   i t ,   A p p A r m o r   o r   S E L i n u x   i s   e n a b l e d   w i t h   a p p r o p r i a t e   p r o f i l e   f o r   p r o g r a m s .   R B A C   a u t h o r i z a t i o n   i s   c r u c i a l   b u t   c a n n o t   b e   g r a n u l a r   e n o u g h   t o   h a v e   a u t h o r i z a t i o n   o n   t h e   P o d s '   r e s o u r c e s   ( o r   o n   a n y   r e s o u r c e   t h a t   m a n a g e s   P o d s ) .   T h e   o n l y   g r a n u l a r i t y   i s   t h e   A P I   v e r b s   o n   t h e   r e s o u r c e   i t s e l f ,   f o r   e x a m p l e ,   c r e a t e   o n   P o d s .   W i t h o u t   a d d i t i o n a l   a d m i s s i o n ,   t h e   a u t h o r i z a t i o n   t o   c r e a t e   t h e s e   r e s o u r c e s   a l l o w s   d i r e c t   u n r e s t r i c t e d   a c c e s s   t o   t h e   s c h e d u l a b l e   n o d e s   o f   a   c l u s t e r .   T h e   P o d   S e c u r i t y   S t a n d a r d s   d e f i n e   t h r e e   d i f f e r e n t   p o l i c i e s ,   p r i v i l e g e d ,   b a s e l i n e   a n d   r e s t r i c t e d   t h a t   l i m i t   h o w   f i e l d s   c a n   b


Question: What is Enabling Seccomp?

Answer: S e c c o m p   s t a n d s   f o r   s e c u r e   c o m p u t i n g   m o d e   a n d   h a s   b e e n   a   f e a t u r e   o f   t h e   L i n u x   k e r n e l   s i n c e   v e r s i o n   2 . 6 . 1 2 .   I t   c a n   b e   u s e d   t o   s a n d b o x   t h e   p r i v i l e g e s   o f   a   p r o c e s s ,   r e s t r i c t i n g   t h e   c a l l s   i t   i s   a b l e   t o   m a k e   f r o m   u s e r s p a c e   i n t o   t h e   k e r n e l .   K u b e r n e t e s   l e t s   y o u   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   a p p l y   s e c c o m p   p r o f i l e s   l o a d e d   o n t o   a   n o d e   t o   y o u r   P o d s   a n d   c o n t a i n e r s .   S e c c o m p   c a n   i m p r o v e   t h e   s e c u r i t y   o f   y o u r   w o r k l o a d s   b y   r e d u c i n g   t h e   L i n u x   k e r n e l   s y s c a l l   a t t a c k   s u r f a c e   a v a i l a b l e   i n s i d e   c o n t a i n e r s .   T h e   s e c c o m p   f i l t e r   m o d e   l e v e r a g e s   B P F   t o   c r e a t e   a n   a l l o w   o r   d e n y   l i s t   o f   s p e c i f i c   s y s c a l l s ,   n a m e d   p r o f i l e s .   S i n c e   K u b e r n e t e s   1 . 2 7 ,   y o u   c a n   e n a b l e   t h e   u s e   o f   R u n t i m e D e f a u l t   a s   t h e   d e f a u l t   s e c c o m p   p r o f i l e   f o r   a l l   w o r k l o a d s .   A   s e c u r i t y   t u t o r i a l   i s   a v a i l a b l e   o n   t h i s   t o p i c .   I n   a d d i t i o n ,   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   S e c u r i t y   P r o f i l e s   O p e r a t o r   i s   a   p r o j e c t   t h a t   f a c i l i t a t e s   t h e   m a n a g e m e n t   a n d   u s e   o f   s e c c o m p   i n   c l u s t e r s .


Question: What is AppArmor?

Answer: A p p A r m o r   i s   a   L i n u x   k e r n e l   s e c u r i t y   m o d u l e   t h a t   c a n   p r o v i d e   a n   e a s y   w a y   t o   i m p l e m e n t   M a n d a t o r y   A c c e s s   C o n t r o l   ( M A C )   a n d   b e t t e r   a u d i t i n g   t h r o u g h   s y s t e m   l o g s .   A   d e f a u l t   A p p A r m o r   p r o f i l e   i s   e n f o r c e d   o n   n o d e s   t h a t   s u p p o r t   i t ,   o r   a   c u s t o m   p r o f i l e   c a n   b e   c o n f i g u r e d .   L i k e   s e c c o m p ,   A p p A r m o r   i s   a l s o   c o n f i g u r e d   t h r o u g h   p r o f i l e s ,   w h e r e   e a c h   p r o f i l e   i s   e i t h e r   r u n n i n g   i n   e n f o r c i n g   m o d e ,   w h i c h   b l o c k s   a c c e s s   t o   d i s a l l o w e d   r e s o u r c e s   o r   c o m p l a i n   m o d e ,   w h i c h   o n l y   r e p o r t s   v i o l a t i o n s .   A p p A r m o r   p r o f i l e s   a r e   e n f o r c e d   o n   a   p e r - c o n t a i n e r   b a s i s ,   w i t h   a n   a n n o t a t i o n ,   a l l o w i n g   f o r   p r o c e s s e s   t o   g a i n   j u s t   t h e   r i g h t   p r i v i l e g e s .


Question: What is SELinux?

Answer: S E L i n u x   i s   a l s o   a   L i n u x   k e r n e l   s e c u r i t y   m o d u l e   t h a t   c a n   p r o v i d e   a   m e c h a n i s m   f o r   s u p p o r t i n g   a c c e s s   c o n t r o l   s e c u r i t y   p o l i c i e s ,   i n c l u d i n g   M a n d a t o r y   A c c e s s   C o n t r o l s   ( M A C ) .   S E L i n u x   l a b e l s   c a n   b e   a s s i g n e d   t o   c o n t a i n e r s   o r   p o d s   v i a   t h e i r   s e c u r i t y C o n t e x t   s e c t i o n .


Question: What is Logs and auditing?

Answer: A u d i t   l o g s ,   i f   e n a b l e d ,   a r e   p r o t e c t e d   f r o m   g e n e r a l   a c c e s s .


Question: What is Pod placement?

Answer: P o d   p l a c e m e n t   i s   d o n e   i n   a c c o r d a n c e   w i t h   t h e   t i e r s   o f   s e n s i t i v i t y   o f   t h e   a p p l i c a t i o n .   S e n s i t i v e   a p p l i c a t i o n s   a r e   r u n n i n g   i s o l a t e d   o n   n o d e s   o r   w i t h   s p e c i f i c   s a n d b o x e d   r u n t i m e s .   P o d s   t h a t   a r e   o n   d i f f e r e n t   t i e r s   o f   s e n s i t i v i t y ,   f o r   e x a m p l e ,   a n   a p p l i c a t i o n   p o d   a n d   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I   s e r v e r ,   s h o u l d   b e   d e p l o y e d   o n t o   s e p a r a t e   n o d e s .   T h e   p u r p o s e   o f   n o d e   i s o l a t i o n   i s   t o   p r e v e n t   a n   a p p l i c a t i o n   c o n t a i n e r   b r e a k o u t   t o   d i r e c t l y   p r o v i d i n g   a c c e s s   t o   a p p l i c a t i o n s   w i t h   h i g h e r   l e v e l   o f   s e n s i t i v i t y   t o   e a s i l y   p i v o t   w i t h i n   t h e   c l u s t e r .   T h i s   s e p a r a t i o n   s h o u l d   b e   e n f o r c e d   t o   p r e v e n t   p o d s   a c c i d e n t a l l y   b e i n g   d e p l o y e d   o n t o   t h e   s a m e   n o d e .   T h i s   c o u l d   b e   e n f o r c e d   w i t h   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   f e a t u r e s :


Question: What is Secrets?

Answer: C o n f i g M a p s   a r e   n o t   u s e d   t o   h o l d   c o n f i d e n t i a l   d a t a .   E n c r y p t i o n   a t   r e s t   i s   c o n f i g u r e d   f o r   t h e   S e c r e t   A P I .   I f   a p p r o p r i a t e ,   a   m e c h a n i s m   t o   i n j e c t   s e c r e t s   s t o r e d   i n   t h i r d - p a r t y   s t o r a g e   i s   d e p l o y e d   a n d   a v a i l a b l e .   S e r v i c e   a c c o u n t   t o k e n s   a r e   n o t   m o u n t e d   i n   p o d s   t h a t   d o n ' t   r e q u i r e   t h e m .   B o u n d   s e r v i c e   a c c o u n t   t o k e n   v o l u m e   i s   i n - u s e   i n s t e a d   o f   n o n - e x p i r i n g   t o k e n s .   S e c r e t s   r e q u i r e d   f o r   p o d s   s h o u l d   b e   s t o r e d   w i t h i n   K u b e r n e t e s   S e c r e t s   a s   o p p o s e d   t o   a l t e r n a t i v e s   s u c h   a s   C o n f i g M a p .   S e c r e t   r e s o u r c e s   s t o r e d   w i t h i n   e t c d   s h o u l d   b e   e n c r y p t e d   a t   r e s t .   P o d s   n e e d i n g   s e c r e t s   s h o u l d   h a v e   t h e s e   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   m o u n t e d   t h r o u g h   v o l u m e s ,   p r e f e r a b l y   s t o r e d   i n   m e m o r y   l i k e   w i t h   t h e   e m p t y D i r . m e d i u m   o p t i o n .   M e c h a n i s m   c a n   b e   u s e d   t o   a l s o   i n j e c t   s e c r e t s   f r o m   t h i r d - p a r t y   s t o r a g e s   a s   v o l u m e ,   l i k e   t h e   S e c r e t s   S t o r e   C S I   D r i v e r .   T h i s   s h o u l d   b e   d o n e   p r e f e r e n t i a l l y   a s   c o m p a r e d   t o   p r o v i d i n g   t h e   p o d s   s e r v i c e   a c c o u n t   R B A C   a c c e s s   t o   s e c r e t s .   T h i s   w o u l d   a l l o w   a d d i n g   s e c r e t s   i n t o   t h e   p o d   a s   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e s   o r   f i l e s .   P l e a s e   n o t e   t h


Question: What is Images?

Answer: M i n i m i z e   u n n e c e s s a r y   c o n t e n t   i n   c o n t a i n e r   i m a g e s .   C o n t a i n e r   i m a g e s   a r e   c o n f i g u r e d   t o   b e   r u n   a s   u n p r i v i l e g e d   u s e r .   R e f e r e n c e s   t o   c o n t a i n e r   i m a g e s   a r e   m a d e   b y   s h a 2 5 6   d i g e s t s   ( r a t h e r   t h a n   t a g s )   o r   t h e   p r o v e n a n c e   o f   t h e   i m a g e   i s   v a l i d a t e d   b y   v e r i f y i n g   t h e   i m a g e ' s   d i g i t a l   s i g n a t u r e   a t   d e p l o y   t i m e   v i a   a d m i s s i o n   c o n t r o l .   C o n t a i n e r   i m a g e s   a r e   r e g u l a r l y   s c a n n e d   d u r i n g   c r e a t i o n   a n d   i n   d e p l o y m e n t ,   a n d   k n o w n   v u l n e r a b l e   s o f t w a r e   i s   p a t c h e d .   C o n t a i n e r   i m a g e   s h o u l d   c o n t a i n   t h e   b a r e   m i n i m u m   t o   r u n   t h e   p r o g r a m   t h e y   p a c k a g e .   P r e f e r a b l y ,   o n l y   t h e   p r o g r a m   a n d   i t s   d e p e n d e n c i e s ,   b u i l d i n g   t h e   i m a g e   f r o m   t h e   m i n i m a l   p o s s i b l e   b a s e .   I n   p a r t i c u l a r ,   i m a g e   u s e d   i n   p r o d u c t i o n   s h o u l d   n o t   c o n t a i n   s h e l l s   o r   d e b u g g i n g   u t i l i t i e s ,   a s   a n   e p h e m e r a l   d e b u g   c o n t a i n e r   c a n   b e   u s e d   f o r   t r o u b l e s h o o t i n g .   B u i l d   i m a g e s   t o   d i r e c t l y   s t a r t   w i t h   a n   u n p r i v i l e g e d   u s e r   b y   u s i n g   t h e   U S E R   i n s t r u c t i o n   i n   D o c k e r f i l e .   T h e   S e c u r i t y   C o n t e x t   a l l o w s   a   c o n t a i n e r   i m a g e   t o   b e   s t a r t e d   w i t h   a   s p e c i f i c   u s e r   a n d   g r o u p   w i t h   r u n A s U s e r   a n d   r u n A s G r o u p ,   e v e n   i


Question: What is Admission controllers?

Answer: A n   a p p r o p r i a t e   s e l e c t i o n   o f   a d m i s s i o n   c o n t r o l l e r s   i s   e n a b l e d .   A   p o d   s e c u r i t y   p o l i c y   i s   e n f o r c e d   b y   t h e   P o d   S e c u r i t y   A d m i s s i o n   o r / a n d   a   w e b h o o k   a d m i s s i o n   c o n t r o l l e r .   T h e   a d m i s s i o n   c h a i n   p l u g i n s   a n d   w e b h o o k s   a r e   s e c u r e l y   c o n f i g u r e d .   A d m i s s i o n   c o n t r o l l e r s   c a n   h e l p   i m p r o v e   t h e   s e c u r i t y   o f   t h e   c l u s t e r .   H o w e v e r ,   t h e y   c a n   p r e s e n t   r i s k s   t h e m s e l v e s   a s   t h e y   e x t e n d   t h e   A P I   s e r v e r   a n d   s h o u l d   b e   p r o p e r l y   s e c u r e d .   T h e   f o l l o w i n g   l i s t s   p r e s e n t   a   n u m b e r   o f   a d m i s s i o n   c o n t r o l l e r s   t h a t   c o u l d   b e   c o n s i d e r e d   t o   e n h a n c e   t h e   s e c u r i t y   p o s t u r e   o f   y o u r   c l u s t e r   a n d   a p p l i c a t i o n .   I t   i n c l u d e s   c o n t r o l l e r s   t h a t   m a y   b e   r e f e r e n c e d   i n   o t h e r   p a r t s   o f   t h i s   d o c u m e n t .   T h i s   f i r s t   g r o u p   o f   a d m i s s i o n   c o n t r o l l e r s   i n c l u d e s   p l u g i n s   e n a b l e d   b y   d e f a u l t ,   c o n s i d e r   t o   l e a v e   t h e m   e n a b l e d   u n l e s s   y o u   k n o w   w h a t   y o u   a r e   d o i n g :   T h e   s e c o n d   g r o u p   i n c l u d e s   p l u g i n s   t h a t   a r e   n o t   e n a b l e d   b y   d e f a u l t   b u t   a r e   i n   g e n e r a l   a v a i l a b i l i t y   s t a t e   a n d   a r e   r e c o m m e n d e d   t o   i m p r o v e   y o u r   s e c u r i t y   p o s t u r e :   T h e   t h i r d   g r o u p   i n c l u d e s   p l u g i n s   t h a t   a r e   n o t   e n a b l e d   b y   d e f


Question: What is What's next?

Answer: P r i v i l e g e   e s c a l a t i o n   v i a   P o d   c r e a t i o n   w a r n s   y o u   a b o u t   a   s p e c i f i c   a c c e s s   c o n t r o l   r i s k ;   c h e c k   h o w   y o u ' r e   m a n a g i n g   t h a t   t h r e a t . I f   y o u   u s e   K u b e r n e t e s   R B A C ,   r e a d   R B A C   G o o d   P r a c t i c e s   f o r   f u r t h e r   i n f o r m a t i o n   o n   a u t h o r i z a t i o n . S e c u r i n g   a   C l u s t e r   f o r   i n f o r m a t i o n   o n   p r o t e c t i n g   a   c l u s t e r   f r o m   a c c i d e n t a l   o r   m a l i c i o u s   a c c e s s . C l u s t e r   M u l t i - t e n a n c y   g u i d e   f o r   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   o p t i o n s   r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s   a n d   b e s t   p r a c t i c e s   o n   m u l t i - t e n a n c y . B l o g   p o s t   " A   C l o s e r   L o o k   a t   N S A / C I S A   K u b e r n e t e s   H a r d e n i n g   G u i d a n c e "   f o r   c o m p l e m e n t a r y   r e s o u r c e   o n   h a r d e n i n g   K u b e r n e t e s   c l u s t e r s .   I f   y o u   u s e   K u b e r n e t e s   R B A C ,   r e a d   R B A C   G o o d   P r a c t i c e s   f o r   f u r t h e r   i n f o r m a t i o n   o n   a u t h o r i z a t i o n .


Question: What is Kubernetes Components?

Answer: Kubernetes ComponentsAn overview of the key components that make up a Kubernetes cluster.This page provides a high-level overview of the essential components that make up a Kubernetes cluster.The components of a Kubernetes clusterCore ComponentsA Kubernetes cluster consists of a control plane and one or more worker nodes. Here's a brief overview of the main components:Control Plane ComponentsManage the overall state of the cluster:kube-apiserverThe core component server that exposes the Kubernetes HTTP API.etcdConsistent and highly-available key value store for all API server data.kube-schedulerLooks for Pods not yet bound to a node, and assigns each Pod to a suitable node.kube-controller-managerRuns controllers to implement Kubernetes API behavior.cloud-controller-manager (optional)Integrates with underlying cloud provider(s).Node ComponentsRun on every node, maintaining running pods and providing the Kubernetes runtime environment:kubeletEnsures that Pods are running, including their containers.kube-proxy (optional)Maintains network rules on nodes to implement Services.Container runtimeSoftware responsible for running containers. Read Container Runtimes to learn more.🛇 This item links to a third party project or product that is not part of Kubernetes itself. More informationYour cluster may require additional software on each node; for example, you might also run systemd on a Linux node to supervise local components.AddonsAddons extend the functionality of Kubernetes. A few important examples include:DNSFor cluster-wide DNS resolution.Web UI (Dashboard)For cluster management via a web interface.Container Resource MonitoringFor collecting and storing container metrics.Cluster-level LoggingFor saving container logs to a central log store.Flexibility in ArchitectureKubernetes allows for flexibility in how these components are deployed and managed. The architecture can be adapted to various needs, from small development environments to large-scale production deployments.For more detailed information about each component and various ways to configure your cluster architecture, see the Cluster Architecture page.Items on this page refer to third party products or projects that provide functionality required by Kubernetes. The Kubernetes project authors aren't responsible for those third-party products or projects. See the CNCF website guidelines for more details.You should read the content guide before proposing a change that adds an extra third-party link.


Question: How does Kubernetes Components work?

Answer: Kubernetes ComponentsAn overview of the key components that make up a Kubernetes cluster.This page provides a high-level overview of the essential components that make up a Kubernetes cluster.The components of a Kubernetes clusterCore ComponentsA Kubernetes cluster consists of a control plane and one or more worker nodes. Here's a brief overview of the main components:Control Plane ComponentsManage the overall state of the cluster:kube-apiserverThe core component server that exposes the Kubernetes HTTP API.etcdConsistent and highly-available key value store for all API server data.kube-schedulerLooks for Pods not yet bound to a node, and assigns each Pod to a suitable node.kube-controller-managerRuns controllers to implement Kubernetes API behavior.cloud-controller-manager (optional)Integrates with underlying cloud provider(s).Node ComponentsRun on every node, maintaining running pods and providing the Kubernetes runtime environment:kubeletEnsures that Pods are running, including their containers.kube-proxy (optional)Maintains network rules on nodes to implement Services.Container runtimeSoftware responsible for running containers. Read Container Runtimes to learn more.🛇 This item links to a third party project or product that is not part of Kubernetes itself. More informationYour cluster may require additional software on each node; for example, you might also run systemd on a Linux node to supervise local components.AddonsAddons extend the functionality of Kubernetes. A few important examples include:DNSFor cluster-wide DNS resolution.Web UI (Dashboard)For cluster management via a web interface.Container Resource MonitoringFor collecting and storing container metrics.Cluster-level LoggingFor saving container logs to a central log store.Flexibility in ArchitectureKubernetes allows for flexibility in how these components are deployed and managed. The architecture can be adapted to various needs, from small development environments to large-scale production deployments.For more detailed information about each component and various ways to configure your cluster architecture, see the Cluster Architecture page.Items on this page refer to third party products or projects that provide functionality required by Kubernetes. The Kubernetes project authors aren't responsible for those third-party products or projects. See the CNCF website guidelines for more details.You should read the content guide before proposing a change that adds an extra third-party link.


Question: When would you use Kubernetes Components?

Answer: Kubernetes ComponentsAn overview of the key components that make up a Kubernetes cluster.This page provides a high-level overview of the essential components that make up a Kubernetes cluster.The components of a Kubernetes clusterCore ComponentsA Kubernetes cluster consists of a control plane and one or more worker nodes. Here's a brief overview of the main components:Control Plane ComponentsManage the overall state of the cluster:kube-apiserverThe core component server that exposes the Kubernetes HTTP API.etcdConsistent and highly-available key value store for all API server data.kube-schedulerLooks for Pods not yet bound to a node, and assigns each Pod to a suitable node.kube-controller-managerRuns controllers to implement Kubernetes API behavior.cloud-controller-manager (optional)Integrates with underlying cloud provider(s).Node ComponentsRun on every node, maintaining running pods and providing the Kubernetes runtime environment:kubeletEnsures that Pods are running, including their containers.kube-proxy (optional)Maintains network rules on nodes to implement Services.Container runtimeSoftware responsible for running containers. Read Container Runtimes to learn more.🛇 This item links to a third party project or product that is not part of Kubernetes itself. More informationYour cluster may require additional software on each node; for example, you might also run systemd on a Linux node to supervise local components.AddonsAddons extend the functionality of Kubernetes. A few important examples include:DNSFor cluster-wide DNS resolution.Web UI (Dashboard)For cluster management via a web interface.Container Resource MonitoringFor collecting and storing container metrics.Cluster-level LoggingFor saving container logs to a central log store.Flexibility in ArchitectureKubernetes allows for flexibility in how these components are deployed and managed. The architecture can be adapted to various needs, from small development environments to large-scale production deployments.For more detailed information about each component and various ways to configure your cluster architecture, see the Cluster Architecture page.Items on this page refer to third party products or projects that provide functionality required by Kubernetes. The Kubernetes project authors aren't responsible for those third-party products or projects. See the CNCF website guidelines for more details.You should read the content guide before proposing a change that adds an extra third-party link.


Question: What are the benefits of Kubernetes Components?

Answer: Kubernetes ComponentsAn overview of the key components that make up a Kubernetes cluster.This page provides a high-level overview of the essential components that make up a Kubernetes cluster.The components of a Kubernetes clusterCore ComponentsA Kubernetes cluster consists of a control plane and one or more worker nodes. Here's a brief overview of the main components:Control Plane ComponentsManage the overall state of the cluster:kube-apiserverThe core component server that exposes the Kubernetes HTTP API.etcdConsistent and highly-available key value store for all API server data.kube-schedulerLooks for Pods not yet bound to a node, and assigns each Pod to a suitable node.kube-controller-managerRuns controllers to implement Kubernetes API behavior.cloud-controller-manager (optional)Integrates with underlying cloud provider(s).Node ComponentsRun on every node, maintaining running pods and providing the Kubernetes runtime environment:kubeletEnsures that Pods are running, including their containers.kube-proxy (optional)Maintains network rules on nodes to implement Services.Container runtimeSoftware responsible for running containers. Read Container Runtimes to learn more.🛇 This item links to a third party project or product that is not part of Kubernetes itself. More informationYour cluster may require additional software on each node; for example, you might also run systemd on a Linux node to supervise local components.AddonsAddons extend the functionality of Kubernetes. A few important examples include:DNSFor cluster-wide DNS resolution.Web UI (Dashboard)For cluster management via a web interface.Container Resource MonitoringFor collecting and storing container metrics.Cluster-level LoggingFor saving container logs to a central log store.Flexibility in ArchitectureKubernetes allows for flexibility in how these components are deployed and managed. The architecture can be adapted to various needs, from small development environments to large-scale production deployments.For more detailed information about each component and various ways to configure your cluster architecture, see the Cluster Architecture page.Items on this page refer to third party products or projects that provide functionality required by Kubernetes. The Kubernetes project authors aren't responsible for those third-party products or projects. See the CNCF website guidelines for more details.You should read the content guide before proposing a change that adds an extra third-party link.


Question: What is Kubernetes Components?

Answer: T h i s   p a g e   p r o v i d e s   a   h i g h - l e v e l   o v e r v i e w   o f   t h e   e s s e n t i a l   c o m p o n e n t s   t h a t   m a k e   u p   a   K u b e r n e t e s   c l u s t e r .   T h e   c o m p o n e n t s   o f   a   K u b e r n e t e s   c l u s t e r


Question: What is Core Components?

Answer: A   K u b e r n e t e s   c l u s t e r   c o n s i s t s   o f   a   c o n t r o l   p l a n e   a n d   o n e   o r   m o r e   w o r k e r   n o d e s .   H e r e ' s   a   b r i e f   o v e r v i e w   o f   t h e   m a i n   c o m p o n e n t s :


Question: What is Control Plane Components?

Answer: M a n a g e   t h e   o v e r a l l   s t a t e   o f   t h e   c l u s t e r :


Question: What is Node Components?

Answer: R u n   o n   e v e r y   n o d e ,   m a i n t a i n i n g   r u n n i n g   p o d s   a n d   p r o v i d i n g   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   r u n t i m e   e n v i r o n m e n t :   Y o u r   c l u s t e r   m a y   r e q u i r e   a d d i t i o n a l   s o f t w a r e   o n   e a c h   n o d e ;   f o r   e x a m p l e ,   y o u   m i g h t   a l s o   r u n   s y s t e m d   o n   a   L i n u x   n o d e   t o   s u p e r v i s e   l o c a l   c o m p o n e n t s .


Question: What is Addons?

Answer: A d d o n s   e x t e n d   t h e   f u n c t i o n a l i t y   o f   K u b e r n e t e s .   A   f e w   i m p o r t a n t   e x a m p l e s   i n c l u d e :


Question: What is Flexibility in Architecture?

Answer: K u b e r n e t e s   a l l o w s   f o r   f l e x i b i l i t y   i n   h o w   t h e s e   c o m p o n e n t s   a r e   d e p l o y e d   a n d   m a n a g e d .   T h e   a r c h i t e c t u r e   c a n   b e   a d a p t e d   t o   v a r i o u s   n e e d s ,   f r o m   s m a l l   d e v e l o p m e n t   e n v i r o n m e n t s   t o   l a r g e - s c a l e   p r o d u c t i o n   d e p l o y m e n t s .   F o r   m o r e   d e t a i l e d   i n f o r m a t i o n   a b o u t   e a c h   c o m p o n e n t   a n d   v a r i o u s   w a y s   t o   c o n f i g u r e   y o u r   c l u s t e r   a r c h i t e c t u r e ,   s e e   t h e   C l u s t e r   A r c h i t e c t u r e   p a g e .   I t e m s   o n   t h i s   p a g e   r e f e r   t o   t h i r d   p a r t y   p r o d u c t s   o r   p r o j e c t s   t h a t   p r o v i d e   f u n c t i o n a l i t y   r e q u i r e d   b y   K u b e r n e t e s .   T h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t   a u t h o r s   a r e n ' t   r e s p o n s i b l e   f o r   t h o s e   t h i r d - p a r t y   p r o d u c t s   o r   p r o j e c t s .   S e e   t h e   C N C F   w e b s i t e   g u i d e l i n e s   f o r   m o r e   d e t a i l s .   Y o u   s h o u l d   r e a d   t h e   c o n t e n t   g u i d e   b e f o r e   p r o p o s i n g   a   c h a n g e   t h a t   a d d s   a n   e x t r a   t h i r d - p a r t y   l i n k .


Question: What is kubectl certificate approve?

Answer: kubectl certificate approveSynopsisApprove a certificate signing request.kubectl certificate approve allows a cluster admin to approve a certificate signing request (CSR). This action tells a certificate signing controller to issue a certificate to the requester with the attributes requested in the CSR.SECURITY NOTICE: Depending on the requested attributes, the issued certificate can potentially grant a requester access to cluster resources or to authenticate as a requested identity. Before approving a CSR, ensure you understand what the signed certificate can do.kubectl certificate approve (-f FILENAME | NAME) Examples # Approve CSR 'csr-sqgzp' kubectl certificate approve csr-sqgzp Options--allow-missing-template-keys Default: trueIf true, ignore any errors in templates when a field or map key is missing in the template. Only applies to golang and jsonpath output formats.-f, --filename stringsFilename, directory, or URL to files identifying the resource to update--forceUpdate the CSR even if it is already approved.-h, --helphelp for approve-k, --kustomize stringProcess the kustomization directory. This flag can't be used together with -f or -R.-o, --output stringOutput format. One of: (json, yaml, name, go-template, go-template-file, template, templatefile, jsonpath, jsonpath-as-json, jsonpath-file).-R, --recursiveProcess the directory used in -f, --filename recursively. Useful when you want to manage related manifests organized within the same directory.--show-managed-fieldsIf true, keep the managedFields when printing objects in JSON or YAML format.--template stringTemplate string or path to template file to use when -o=go-template, -o=go-template-file. The template format is golang templates [http://golang.org/pkg/text/template/#pkg-overview].Parent Options Inherited--as stringUsername to impersonate for the operation. User could be a regular user or a service account in a namespace.--as-group stringsGroup to impersonate for the operation, this flag can be repeated to specify multiple groups.--as-uid stringUID to impersonate for the operation.--cache-dir string Default: "$HOME/.kube/cache"Default cache directory--certificate-authority stringPath to a cert file for the certificate authority--client-certificate stringPath to a client certificate file for TLS--client-key stringPath to a client key file for TLS--cluster stringThe name of the kubeconfig cluster to use--context stringThe name of the kubeconfig context to use--disable-compressionIf true, opt-out of response compression for all requests to the server--insecure-skip-tls-verifyIf true, the server's certificate will not be checked for validity. This will make your HTTPS connections insecure--kubeconfig stringPath to the kubeconfig file to use for CLI requests.--kuberc stringPath to the kuberc file to use for preferences. This can be disabled by exporting KUBECTL_KUBERC=false feature gate or turning off the feature KUBERC=off.--match-server-versionRequire server version to match client v


Question: How does kubectl certificate approve work?

Answer: kubectl certificate approveSynopsisApprove a certificate signing request.kubectl certificate approve allows a cluster admin to approve a certificate signing request (CSR). This action tells a certificate signing controller to issue a certificate to the requester with the attributes requested in the CSR.SECURITY NOTICE: Depending on the requested attributes, the issued certificate can potentially grant a requester access to cluster resources or to authenticate as a requested identity. Before approving a CSR, ensure you understand what the signed certificate can do.kubectl certificate approve (-f FILENAME | NAME) Examples # Approve CSR 'csr-sqgzp' kubectl certificate approve csr-sqgzp Options--allow-missing-template-keys Default: trueIf true, ignore any errors in templates when a field or map key is missing in the template. Only applies to golang and jsonpath output formats.-f, --filename stringsFilename, directory, or URL to files identifying the resource to update--forceUpdate the CSR even if it is already approved.-h, --helphelp for approve-k, --kustomize stringProcess the kustomization directory. This flag can't be used together with -f or -R.-o, --output stringOutput format. One of: (json, yaml, name, go-template, go-template-file, template, templatefile, jsonpath, jsonpath-as-json, jsonpath-file).-R, --recursiveProcess the directory used in -f, --filename recursively. Useful when you want to manage related manifests organized within the same directory.--show-managed-fieldsIf true, keep the managedFields when printing objects in JSON or YAML format.--template stringTemplate string or path to template file to use when -o=go-template, -o=go-template-file. The template format is golang templates [http://golang.org/pkg/text/template/#pkg-overview].Parent Options Inherited--as stringUsername to impersonate for the operation. User could be a regular user or a service account in a namespace.--as-group stringsGroup to impersonate for the operation, this flag can be repeated to specify multiple groups.--as-uid stringUID to impersonate for the operation.--cache-dir string Default: "$HOME/.kube/cache"Default cache directory--certificate-authority stringPath to a cert file for the certificate authority--client-certificate stringPath to a client certificate file for TLS--client-key stringPath to a client key file for TLS--cluster stringThe name of the kubeconfig cluster to use--context stringThe name of the kubeconfig context to use--disable-compressionIf true, opt-out of response compression for all requests to the server--insecure-skip-tls-verifyIf true, the server's certificate will not be checked for validity. This will make your HTTPS connections insecure--kubeconfig stringPath to the kubeconfig file to use for CLI requests.--kuberc stringPath to the kuberc file to use for preferences. This can be disabled by exporting KUBECTL_KUBERC=false feature gate or turning off the feature KUBERC=off.--match-server-versionRequire server version to match client v