Question: What is Suggested defaults?

Answer: T h e   k u b e c t l   m a i n t a i n e r s   e n c o u r a g e   y o u   t o   a d o p t   k u b e r c   w i t h   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   d e f a u l t s :   a p i V e r s i o n :   k u b e c t l . c o n f i g . k 8 s . i o / v 1 b e t a 1   k i n d :   P r e f e r e n c e   d e f a u l t s :   #   ( 1 )   d e f a u l t   s e r v e r - s i d e   a p p l y   -   c o m m a n d :   a p p l y   o p t i o n s :   -   n a m e :   s e r v e r - s i d e   d e f a u l t :   " t r u e "   #   ( 2 )   d e f a u l t   i n t e r a c t i v e   d e l e t i o n   -   c o m m a n d :   d e l e t e   o p t i o n s :   -   n a m e :   i n t e r a c t i v e   d e f a u l t :   " t r u e "   I n   t h i s   e x a m p l e ,   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   s e t t i n g s   a r e   e n f o r c e d :   D e f a u l t s   t o   u s i n g   S e r v e r - S i d e   A p p l y . D e f a u l t s   t o   i n t e r a c t i v e   r e m o v a l   w h e n e v e r   i n v o k i n g   k u b e c t l   d e l e t e   t o   p r e v e n t   a c c i d e n t a l   r e m o v a l   o f   r e s o u r c e s   f r o m   t h e   c l u s t e r .


Question: What is Disable kuberc?

Answer: T o   t e m p o r a r i l y   d i s a b l e   t h e   k u b e r c   f u n c t i o n a l i t y ,   s e t   ( a n d   e x p o r t )   t h e   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e   K U B E R C   w i t h   t h e   v a l u e   o f f :   e x p o r t   K U B E R C = o f f   o r   d i s a b l e   t h e   f e a t u r e   g a t e :   e x p o r t   K U B E C T L _ K U B E R C = f a l s e   ©   2 0 2 5   T h e   K u b e r n e t e s   A u t h o r s   |   D o c u m e n t a t i o n   D i s t r i b u t e d   u n d e r   C C   B Y   4 . 0   ©   2 0 2 5   T h e   L i n u x   F o u n d a t i o n   ® .   A l l   r i g h t s   r e s e r v e d .   T h e   L i n u x   F o u n d a t i o n   h a s   r e g i s t e r e d   t r a d e m a r k s   a n d   u s e s   t r a d e m a r k s .   F o r   a   l i s t   o f   t r a d e m a r k s   o f   T h e   L i n u x   F o u n d a t i o n ,   p l e a s e   s e e   o u r   T r a d e m a r k   U s a g e   p a g e   I C P   l i c e n s e :   京 I C P 备 1 7 0 7 4 2 6 6 号 - 3


Question: What is Storage Classes?

Answer: Storage ClassesThis document describes the concept of a StorageClass in Kubernetes. Familiarity with volumes and persistent volumes is suggested.A StorageClass provides a way for administrators to describe the classes of storage they offer. Different classes might map to quality-of-service levels, or to backup policies, or to arbitrary policies determined by the cluster administrators. Kubernetes itself is unopinionated about what classes represent.The Kubernetes concept of a storage class is similar to “profiles” in some other storage system designs.StorageClass objectsEach StorageClass contains the fields provisioner, parameters, and reclaimPolicy, which are used when a PersistentVolume belonging to the class needs to be dynamically provisioned to satisfy a PersistentVolumeClaim (PVC).The name of a StorageClass object is significant, and is how users can request a particular class. Administrators set the name and other parameters of a class when first creating StorageClass objects.As an administrator, you can specify a default StorageClass that applies to any PVCs that don't request a specific class. For more details, see the PersistentVolumeClaim concept.Here's an example of a StorageClass:storage/storageclass-low-latency.yaml apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1 kind: StorageClass metadata: name: low-latency annotations: storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class: "false" provisioner: csi-driver.example-vendor.example reclaimPolicy: Retain # default value is Delete allowVolumeExpansion: true mountOptions: - discard # this might enable UNMAP / TRIM at the block storage layer volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer parameters: guaranteedReadWriteLatency: "true" # provider-specific Default StorageClassYou can mark a StorageClass as the default for your cluster. For instructions on setting the default StorageClass, see Change the default StorageClass.When a PVC does not specify a storageClassName, the default StorageClass is used.If you set the storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class annotation to true on more than one StorageClass in your cluster, and you then create a PersistentVolumeClaim with no storageClassName set, Kubernetes uses the most recently created default StorageClass.Note:You should try to only have one StorageClass in your cluster that is marked as the default. The reason that Kubernetes allows you to have multiple default StorageClasses is to allow for seamless migration.You can create a PersistentVolumeClaim without specifying a storageClassName for the new PVC, and you can do so even when no default StorageClass exists in your cluster. In this case, the new PVC creates as you defined it, and the storageClassName of that PVC remains unset until a default becomes available.You can have a cluster without any default StorageClass. If you don't mark any StorageClass as default (and one hasn't been set for you by, for example, a cloud provider), then Kubernetes cannot apply that defaulting for PersistentVolumeClaims that need it.If or


Question: How does Storage Classes work?

Answer: Storage ClassesThis document describes the concept of a StorageClass in Kubernetes. Familiarity with volumes and persistent volumes is suggested.A StorageClass provides a way for administrators to describe the classes of storage they offer. Different classes might map to quality-of-service levels, or to backup policies, or to arbitrary policies determined by the cluster administrators. Kubernetes itself is unopinionated about what classes represent.The Kubernetes concept of a storage class is similar to “profiles” in some other storage system designs.StorageClass objectsEach StorageClass contains the fields provisioner, parameters, and reclaimPolicy, which are used when a PersistentVolume belonging to the class needs to be dynamically provisioned to satisfy a PersistentVolumeClaim (PVC).The name of a StorageClass object is significant, and is how users can request a particular class. Administrators set the name and other parameters of a class when first creating StorageClass objects.As an administrator, you can specify a default StorageClass that applies to any PVCs that don't request a specific class. For more details, see the PersistentVolumeClaim concept.Here's an example of a StorageClass:storage/storageclass-low-latency.yaml apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1 kind: StorageClass metadata: name: low-latency annotations: storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class: "false" provisioner: csi-driver.example-vendor.example reclaimPolicy: Retain # default value is Delete allowVolumeExpansion: true mountOptions: - discard # this might enable UNMAP / TRIM at the block storage layer volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer parameters: guaranteedReadWriteLatency: "true" # provider-specific Default StorageClassYou can mark a StorageClass as the default for your cluster. For instructions on setting the default StorageClass, see Change the default StorageClass.When a PVC does not specify a storageClassName, the default StorageClass is used.If you set the storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class annotation to true on more than one StorageClass in your cluster, and you then create a PersistentVolumeClaim with no storageClassName set, Kubernetes uses the most recently created default StorageClass.Note:You should try to only have one StorageClass in your cluster that is marked as the default. The reason that Kubernetes allows you to have multiple default StorageClasses is to allow for seamless migration.You can create a PersistentVolumeClaim without specifying a storageClassName for the new PVC, and you can do so even when no default StorageClass exists in your cluster. In this case, the new PVC creates as you defined it, and the storageClassName of that PVC remains unset until a default becomes available.You can have a cluster without any default StorageClass. If you don't mark any StorageClass as default (and one hasn't been set for you by, for example, a cloud provider), then Kubernetes cannot apply that defaulting for PersistentVolumeClaims that need it.If or


Question: When would you use Storage Classes?

Answer: Storage ClassesThis document describes the concept of a StorageClass in Kubernetes. Familiarity with volumes and persistent volumes is suggested.A StorageClass provides a way for administrators to describe the classes of storage they offer. Different classes might map to quality-of-service levels, or to backup policies, or to arbitrary policies determined by the cluster administrators. Kubernetes itself is unopinionated about what classes represent.The Kubernetes concept of a storage class is similar to “profiles” in some other storage system designs.StorageClass objectsEach StorageClass contains the fields provisioner, parameters, and reclaimPolicy, which are used when a PersistentVolume belonging to the class needs to be dynamically provisioned to satisfy a PersistentVolumeClaim (PVC).The name of a StorageClass object is significant, and is how users can request a particular class. Administrators set the name and other parameters of a class when first creating StorageClass objects.As an administrator, you can specify a default StorageClass that applies to any PVCs that don't request a specific class. For more details, see the PersistentVolumeClaim concept.Here's an example of a StorageClass:storage/storageclass-low-latency.yaml apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1 kind: StorageClass metadata: name: low-latency annotations: storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class: "false" provisioner: csi-driver.example-vendor.example reclaimPolicy: Retain # default value is Delete allowVolumeExpansion: true mountOptions: - discard # this might enable UNMAP / TRIM at the block storage layer volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer parameters: guaranteedReadWriteLatency: "true" # provider-specific Default StorageClassYou can mark a StorageClass as the default for your cluster. For instructions on setting the default StorageClass, see Change the default StorageClass.When a PVC does not specify a storageClassName, the default StorageClass is used.If you set the storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class annotation to true on more than one StorageClass in your cluster, and you then create a PersistentVolumeClaim with no storageClassName set, Kubernetes uses the most recently created default StorageClass.Note:You should try to only have one StorageClass in your cluster that is marked as the default. The reason that Kubernetes allows you to have multiple default StorageClasses is to allow for seamless migration.You can create a PersistentVolumeClaim without specifying a storageClassName for the new PVC, and you can do so even when no default StorageClass exists in your cluster. In this case, the new PVC creates as you defined it, and the storageClassName of that PVC remains unset until a default becomes available.You can have a cluster without any default StorageClass. If you don't mark any StorageClass as default (and one hasn't been set for you by, for example, a cloud provider), then Kubernetes cannot apply that defaulting for PersistentVolumeClaims that need it.If or


Question: What are the benefits of Storage Classes?

Answer: Storage ClassesThis document describes the concept of a StorageClass in Kubernetes. Familiarity with volumes and persistent volumes is suggested.A StorageClass provides a way for administrators to describe the classes of storage they offer. Different classes might map to quality-of-service levels, or to backup policies, or to arbitrary policies determined by the cluster administrators. Kubernetes itself is unopinionated about what classes represent.The Kubernetes concept of a storage class is similar to “profiles” in some other storage system designs.StorageClass objectsEach StorageClass contains the fields provisioner, parameters, and reclaimPolicy, which are used when a PersistentVolume belonging to the class needs to be dynamically provisioned to satisfy a PersistentVolumeClaim (PVC).The name of a StorageClass object is significant, and is how users can request a particular class. Administrators set the name and other parameters of a class when first creating StorageClass objects.As an administrator, you can specify a default StorageClass that applies to any PVCs that don't request a specific class. For more details, see the PersistentVolumeClaim concept.Here's an example of a StorageClass:storage/storageclass-low-latency.yaml apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1 kind: StorageClass metadata: name: low-latency annotations: storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class: "false" provisioner: csi-driver.example-vendor.example reclaimPolicy: Retain # default value is Delete allowVolumeExpansion: true mountOptions: - discard # this might enable UNMAP / TRIM at the block storage layer volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer parameters: guaranteedReadWriteLatency: "true" # provider-specific Default StorageClassYou can mark a StorageClass as the default for your cluster. For instructions on setting the default StorageClass, see Change the default StorageClass.When a PVC does not specify a storageClassName, the default StorageClass is used.If you set the storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class annotation to true on more than one StorageClass in your cluster, and you then create a PersistentVolumeClaim with no storageClassName set, Kubernetes uses the most recently created default StorageClass.Note:You should try to only have one StorageClass in your cluster that is marked as the default. The reason that Kubernetes allows you to have multiple default StorageClasses is to allow for seamless migration.You can create a PersistentVolumeClaim without specifying a storageClassName for the new PVC, and you can do so even when no default StorageClass exists in your cluster. In this case, the new PVC creates as you defined it, and the storageClassName of that PVC remains unset until a default becomes available.You can have a cluster without any default StorageClass. If you don't mark any StorageClass as default (and one hasn't been set for you by, for example, a cloud provider), then Kubernetes cannot apply that defaulting for PersistentVolumeClaims that need it.If or


Question: What is Storage Classes?

Answer: T h i s   d o c u m e n t   d e s c r i b e s   t h e   c o n c e p t   o f   a   S t o r a g e C l a s s   i n   K u b e r n e t e s .   F a m i l i a r i t y   w i t h   v o l u m e s   a n d   p e r s i s t e n t   v o l u m e s   i s   s u g g e s t e d .   A   S t o r a g e C l a s s   p r o v i d e s   a   w a y   f o r   a d m i n i s t r a t o r s   t o   d e s c r i b e   t h e   c l a s s e s   o f   s t o r a g e   t h e y   o f f e r .   D i f f e r e n t   c l a s s e s   m i g h t   m a p   t o   q u a l i t y - o f - s e r v i c e   l e v e l s ,   o r   t o   b a c k u p   p o l i c i e s ,   o r   t o   a r b i t r a r y   p o l i c i e s   d e t e r m i n e d   b y   t h e   c l u s t e r   a d m i n i s t r a t o r s .   K u b e r n e t e s   i t s e l f   i s   u n o p i n i o n a t e d   a b o u t   w h a t   c l a s s e s   r e p r e s e n t .   T h e   K u b e r n e t e s   c o n c e p t   o f   a   s t o r a g e   c l a s s   i s   s i m i l a r   t o   “ p r o f i l e s ”   i n   s o m e   o t h e r   s t o r a g e   s y s t e m   d e s i g n s .


Question: What is StorageClass objects?

Answer: E a c h   S t o r a g e C l a s s   c o n t a i n s   t h e   f i e l d s   p r o v i s i o n e r ,   p a r a m e t e r s ,   a n d   r e c l a i m P o l i c y ,   w h i c h   a r e   u s e d   w h e n   a   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e   b e l o n g i n g   t o   t h e   c l a s s   n e e d s   t o   b e   d y n a m i c a l l y   p r o v i s i o n e d   t o   s a t i s f y   a   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e C l a i m   ( P V C ) .   T h e   n a m e   o f   a   S t o r a g e C l a s s   o b j e c t   i s   s i g n i f i c a n t ,   a n d   i s   h o w   u s e r s   c a n   r e q u e s t   a   p a r t i c u l a r   c l a s s .   A d m i n i s t r a t o r s   s e t   t h e   n a m e   a n d   o t h e r   p a r a m e t e r s   o f   a   c l a s s   w h e n   f i r s t   c r e a t i n g   S t o r a g e C l a s s   o b j e c t s .   A s   a n   a d m i n i s t r a t o r ,   y o u   c a n   s p e c i f y   a   d e f a u l t   S t o r a g e C l a s s   t h a t   a p p l i e s   t o   a n y   P V C s   t h a t   d o n ' t   r e q u e s t   a   s p e c i f i c   c l a s s .   F o r   m o r e   d e t a i l s ,   s e e   t h e   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e C l a i m   c o n c e p t .   H e r e ' s   a n   e x a m p l e   o f   a   S t o r a g e C l a s s :   a p i V e r s i o n :   s t o r a g e . k 8 s . i o / v 1   k i n d :   S t o r a g e C l a s s   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   l o w - l a t e n c y   a n n o t a t i o n s :   s t o r a g e c l a s s . k u b e r n e t e s . i o / i s - d e f a u l t - c l a s s :   " f a l s e "   p r o v i s i o n e r :   c s i - d r i v e r . e x a m p l e - v e n d o r . e x a m p l e   r e c l a i m P o l i c y :   R e t a i n   #   d e f a u l t   v a l u e   i s   D e l e t e   a l l o w V o l u m e E x p a n s i o n :   t r u e   m o u n t O p t i o n s :   -   d i s c a r d   #   t h i s   m i g h t   e n a b l e   U N M A P   /   T R I M   a t   t h e   b l o c k   s t o r a g e   l a y e r   v o l u m e B i n d i n


Question: What is Default StorageClass?

Answer: Y o u   c a n   m a r k   a   S t o r a g e C l a s s   a s   t h e   d e f a u l t   f o r   y o u r   c l u s t e r .   F o r   i n s t r u c t i o n s   o n   s e t t i n g   t h e   d e f a u l t   S t o r a g e C l a s s ,   s e e   C h a n g e   t h e   d e f a u l t   S t o r a g e C l a s s .   W h e n   a   P V C   d o e s   n o t   s p e c i f y   a   s t o r a g e C l a s s N a m e ,   t h e   d e f a u l t   S t o r a g e C l a s s   i s   u s e d .   I f   y o u   s e t   t h e   s t o r a g e c l a s s . k u b e r n e t e s . i o / i s - d e f a u l t - c l a s s   a n n o t a t i o n   t o   t r u e   o n   m o r e   t h a n   o n e   S t o r a g e C l a s s   i n   y o u r   c l u s t e r ,   a n d   y o u   t h e n   c r e a t e   a   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e C l a i m   w i t h   n o   s t o r a g e C l a s s N a m e   s e t ,   K u b e r n e t e s   u s e s   t h e   m o s t   r e c e n t l y   c r e a t e d   d e f a u l t   S t o r a g e C l a s s .


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: Y o u   c a n   c r e a t e   a   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e C l a i m   w i t h o u t   s p e c i f y i n g   a   s t o r a g e C l a s s N a m e   f o r   t h e   n e w   P V C ,   a n d   y o u   c a n   d o   s o   e v e n   w h e n   n o   d e f a u l t   S t o r a g e C l a s s   e x i s t s   i n   y o u r   c l u s t e r .   I n   t h i s   c a s e ,   t h e   n e w   P V C   c r e a t e s   a s   y o u   d e f i n e d   i t ,   a n d   t h e   s t o r a g e C l a s s N a m e   o f   t h a t   P V C   r e m a i n s   u n s e t   u n t i l   a   d e f a u l t   b e c o m e s   a v a i l a b l e .   Y o u   c a n   h a v e   a   c l u s t e r   w i t h o u t   a n y   d e f a u l t   S t o r a g e C l a s s .   I f   y o u   d o n ' t   m a r k   a n y   S t o r a g e C l a s s   a s   d e f a u l t   ( a n d   o n e   h a s n ' t   b e e n   s e t   f o r   y o u   b y ,   f o r   e x a m p l e ,   a   c l o u d   p r o v i d e r ) ,   t h e n   K u b e r n e t e s   c a n n o t   a p p l y   t h a t   d e f a u l t i n g   f o r   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e C l a i m s   t h a t   n e e d   i t .   I f   o r   w h e n   a   d e f a u l t   S t o r a g e C l a s s   b e c o m e s   a v a i l a b l e ,   t h e   c o n t r o l   p l a n e   i d e n t i f i e s   a n y   e x i s t i n g   P V C s   w i t h o u t   s t o r a g e C l a s s N a m e .   F o r   t h e   P V C s   t h a t   e i t h e r   h a v e   a n   e m p t y   v a l u e   f o r   s t o r a g e C l a s s N a m e   o r   d o   n o t   h a v e   t h i s   k e y ,   t h e   c o n t r o l   p l a n e   t h e n   u p d a t e s   t h o s e   P V C s   t o   s e t   s t o r a g e C l a s s N a m e   t o   m a t c h   t h e   n e w   d e f a u l t   S t o r a g e C l a s s .   I f   y o u   h a v e   a n   e x i s t i n g   P V C   w h e r e   t h e   s t o r a g e C l a s s N a m e   i s   " " ,   a n d   y o u   c o n f i g u r e   a   d e f a u l t   S t o r a g e C l a s s ,   t h e n   t h


Question: What is Provisioner?

Answer: E a c h   S t o r a g e C l a s s   h a s   a   p r o v i s i o n e r   t h a t   d e t e r m i n e s   w h a t   v o l u m e   p l u g i n   i s   u s e d   f o r   p r o v i s i o n i n g   P V s .   T h i s   f i e l d   m u s t   b e   s p e c i f i e d .   Y o u   a r e   n o t   r e s t r i c t e d   t o   s p e c i f y i n g   t h e   " i n t e r n a l "   p r o v i s i o n e r s   l i s t e d   h e r e   ( w h o s e   n a m e s   a r e   p r e f i x e d   w i t h   " k u b e r n e t e s . i o "   a n d   s h i p p e d   a l o n g s i d e   K u b e r n e t e s ) .   Y o u   c a n   a l s o   r u n   a n d   s p e c i f y   e x t e r n a l   p r o v i s i o n e r s ,   w h i c h   a r e   i n d e p e n d e n t   p r o g r a m s   t h a t   f o l l o w   a   s p e c i f i c a t i o n   d e f i n e d   b y   K u b e r n e t e s .   A u t h o r s   o f   e x t e r n a l   p r o v i s i o n e r s   h a v e   f u l l   d i s c r e t i o n   o v e r   w h e r e   t h e i r   c o d e   l i v e s ,   h o w   t h e   p r o v i s i o n e r   i s   s h i p p e d ,   h o w   i t   n e e d s   t o   b e   r u n ,   w h a t   v o l u m e   p l u g i n   i t   u s e s   ( i n c l u d i n g   F l e x ) ,   e t c .   T h e   r e p o s i t o r y   k u b e r n e t e s - s i g s / s i g - s t o r a g e - l i b - e x t e r n a l - p r o v i s i o n e r   h o u s e s   a   l i b r a r y   f o r   w r i t i n g   e x t e r n a l   p r o v i s i o n e r s   t h a t   i m p l e m e n t s   t h e   b u l k   o f   t h e   s p e c i f i c a t i o n .   S o m e   e x t e r n a l   p r o v i s i o n e r s   a r e   l i s t e d   u n d e r   t h e   r e p o s i t o r y   k u b e r n e t e s - s i g s / s i g - s t o r a g e - l i b - e x t e r n a l - p r o v i s i o n e r .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   N F S   d o e s n ' t   p r o v i d e   a n   i n t e r n a l   p r o v i s i o n e r ,   b u t   a n   e x t e r n a l   p r o v i s i o n e r   c a n   b e   u s e d .   T h e r e   a r e


Question: What is Reclaim policy?

Answer: P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e s   t h a t   a r e   d y n a m i c a l l y   c r e a t e d   b y   a   S t o r a g e C l a s s   w i l l   h a v e   t h e   r e c l a i m   p o l i c y   s p e c i f i e d   i n   t h e   r e c l a i m P o l i c y   f i e l d   o f   t h e   c l a s s ,   w h i c h   c a n   b e   e i t h e r   D e l e t e   o r   R e t a i n .   I f   n o   r e c l a i m P o l i c y   i s   s p e c i f i e d   w h e n   a   S t o r a g e C l a s s   o b j e c t   i s   c r e a t e d ,   i t   w i l l   d e f a u l t   t o   D e l e t e .   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e s   t h a t   a r e   c r e a t e d   m a n u a l l y   a n d   m a n a g e d   v i a   a   S t o r a g e C l a s s   w i l l   h a v e   w h a t e v e r   r e c l a i m   p o l i c y   t h e y   w e r e   a s s i g n e d   a t   c r e a t i o n .


Question: What is Volume expansion?

Answer: P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e s   c a n   b e   c o n f i g u r e d   t o   b e   e x p a n d a b l e .   T h i s   a l l o w s   y o u   t o   r e s i z e   t h e   v o l u m e   b y   e d i t i n g   t h e   c o r r e s p o n d i n g   P V C   o b j e c t ,   r e q u e s t i n g   a   n e w   l a r g e r   a m o u n t   o f   s t o r a g e .   T h e   f o l l o w i n g   t y p e s   o f   v o l u m e s   s u p p o r t   v o l u m e   e x p a n s i o n ,   w h e n   t h e   u n d e r l y i n g   S t o r a g e C l a s s   h a s   t h e   f i e l d   a l l o w V o l u m e E x p a n s i o n   s e t   t o   t r u e .


Question: What is Mount options?

Answer: P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e s   t h a t   a r e   d y n a m i c a l l y   c r e a t e d   b y   a   S t o r a g e C l a s s   w i l l   h a v e   t h e   m o u n t   o p t i o n s   s p e c i f i e d   i n   t h e   m o u n t O p t i o n s   f i e l d   o f   t h e   c l a s s .   I f   t h e   v o l u m e   p l u g i n   d o e s   n o t   s u p p o r t   m o u n t   o p t i o n s   b u t   m o u n t   o p t i o n s   a r e   s p e c i f i e d ,   p r o v i s i o n i n g   w i l l   f a i l .   M o u n t   o p t i o n s   a r e   n o t   v a l i d a t e d   o n   e i t h e r   t h e   c l a s s   o r   P V .   I f   a   m o u n t   o p t i o n   i s   i n v a l i d ,   t h e   P V   m o u n t   f a i l s .


Question: What is Volume binding mode?

Answer: T h e   v o l u m e B i n d i n g M o d e   f i e l d   c o n t r o l s   w h e n   v o l u m e   b i n d i n g   a n d   d y n a m i c   p r o v i s i o n i n g   s h o u l d   o c c u r .   W h e n   u n s e t ,   I m m e d i a t e   m o d e   i s   u s e d   b y   d e f a u l t .   T h e   I m m e d i a t e   m o d e   i n d i c a t e s   t h a t   v o l u m e   b i n d i n g   a n d   d y n a m i c   p r o v i s i o n i n g   o c c u r s   o n c e   t h e   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e C l a i m   i s   c r e a t e d .   F o r   s t o r a g e   b a c k e n d s   t h a t   a r e   t o p o l o g y - c o n s t r a i n e d   a n d   n o t   g l o b a l l y   a c c e s s i b l e   f r o m   a l l   N o d e s   i n   t h e   c l u s t e r ,   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e s   w i l l   b e   b o u n d   o r   p r o v i s i o n e d   w i t h o u t   k n o w l e d g e   o f   t h e   P o d ' s   s c h e d u l i n g   r e q u i r e m e n t s .   T h i s   m a y   r e s u l t   i n   u n s c h e d u l a b l e   P o d s .   A   c l u s t e r   a d m i n i s t r a t o r   c a n   a d d r e s s   t h i s   i s s u e   b y   s p e c i f y i n g   t h e   W a i t F o r F i r s t C o n s u m e r   m o d e   w h i c h   w i l l   d e l a y   t h e   b i n d i n g   a n d   p r o v i s i o n i n g   o f   a   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e   u n t i l   a   P o d   u s i n g   t h e   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e C l a i m   i s   c r e a t e d .   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e s   w i l l   b e   s e l e c t e d   o r   p r o v i s i o n e d   c o n f o r m i n g   t o   t h e   t o p o l o g y   t h a t   i s   s p e c i f i e d   b y   t h e   P o d ' s   s c h e d u l i n g   c o n s t r a i n t s .   T h e s e   i n c l u d e ,   b u t   a r e   n o t   l i m i t e d   t o ,   r e s o u r c e   r e q u i r e m e n t s ,   n o d e   s e l e c t o r s ,   p o d   a f f i n i t y   a n d   a n t i - a f f i n i t y ,   a n d   t a i n t s   a n d   t o l e r a t i o


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: I f   y o u   c h o o s e   t o   u s e   W a i t F o r F i r s t C o n s u m e r ,   d o   n o t   u s e   n o d e N a m e   i n   t h e   P o d   s p e c   t o   s p e c i f y   n o d e   a f f i n i t y .   I f   n o d e N a m e   i s   u s e d   i n   t h i s   c a s e ,   t h e   s c h e d u l e r   w i l l   b e   b y p a s s e d   a n d   P V C   w i l l   r e m a i n   i n   p e n d i n g   s t a t e .   I n s t e a d ,   y o u   c a n   u s e   n o d e   s e l e c t o r   f o r   k u b e r n e t e s . i o / h o s t n a m e :   a p i V e r s i o n :   v 1   k i n d :   P o d   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   t a s k - p v - p o d   s p e c :   n o d e S e l e c t o r :   k u b e r n e t e s . i o / h o s t n a m e :   k u b e - 0 1   v o l u m e s :   -   n a m e :   t a s k - p v - s t o r a g e   p e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e C l a i m :   c l a i m N a m e :   t a s k - p v - c l a i m   c o n t a i n e r s :   -   n a m e :   t a s k - p v - c o n t a i n e r   i m a g e :   n g i n x   p o r t s :   -   c o n t a i n e r P o r t :   8 0   n a m e :   " h t t p - s e r v e r "   v o l u m e M o u n t s :   -   m o u n t P a t h :   " / u s r / s h a r e / n g i n x / h t m l "   n a m e :   t a s k - p v - s t o r a g e


Question: What is Allowed topologies?

Answer: W h e n   a   c l u s t e r   o p e r a t o r   s p e c i f i e s   t h e   W a i t F o r F i r s t C o n s u m e r   v o l u m e   b i n d i n g   m o d e ,   i t   i s   n o   l o n g e r   n e c e s s a r y   t o   r e s t r i c t   p r o v i s i o n i n g   t o   s p e c i f i c   t o p o l o g i e s   i n   m o s t   s i t u a t i o n s .   H o w e v e r ,   i f   s t i l l   r e q u i r e d ,   a l l o w e d T o p o l o g i e s   c a n   b e   s p e c i f i e d .   T h i s   e x a m p l e   d e m o n s t r a t e s   h o w   t o   r e s t r i c t   t h e   t o p o l o g y   o f   p r o v i s i o n e d   v o l u m e s   t o   s p e c i f i c   z o n e s   a n d   s h o u l d   b e   u s e d   a s   a   r e p l a c e m e n t   f o r   t h e   z o n e   a n d   z o n e s   p a r a m e t e r s   f o r   t h e   s u p p o r t e d   p l u g i n s .   a p i V e r s i o n :   s t o r a g e . k 8 s . i o / v 1   k i n d :   S t o r a g e C l a s s   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   s t a n d a r d   p r o v i s i o n e r :   e x a m p l e . c o m / e x a m p l e   p a r a m e t e r s :   t y p e :   p d - s t a n d a r d   v o l u m e B i n d i n g M o d e :   W a i t F o r F i r s t C o n s u m e r   a l l o w e d T o p o l o g i e s :   -   m a t c h L a b e l E x p r e s s i o n s :   -   k e y :   t o p o l o g y . k u b e r n e t e s . i o / z o n e   v a l u e s :   -   u s - c e n t r a l - 1 a   -   u s - c e n t r a l - 1 b


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: S t o r a g e C l a s s e s   h a v e   p a r a m e t e r s   t h a t   d e s c r i b e   v o l u m e s   b e l o n g i n g   t o   t h e   s t o r a g e   c l a s s .   D i f f e r e n t   p a r a m e t e r s   m a y   b e   a c c e p t e d   d e p e n d i n g   o n   t h e   p r o v i s i o n e r .   W h e n   a   p a r a m e t e r   i s   o m i t t e d ,   s o m e   d e f a u l t   i s   u s e d .   T h e r e   c a n   b e   a t   m o s t   5 1 2   p a r a m e t e r s   d e f i n e d   f o r   a   S t o r a g e C l a s s .   T h e   t o t a l   l e n g t h   o f   t h e   p a r a m e t e r s   o b j e c t   i n c l u d i n g   i t s   k e y s   a n d   v a l u e s   c a n n o t   e x c e e d   2 5 6   K i B .


Question: What is AWS EBS?

Answer: K u b e r n e t e s   1 . 3 4   d o e s   n o t   i n c l u d e   a   a w s E l a s t i c B l o c k S t o r e   v o l u m e   t y p e .   T h e   A W S E l a s t i c B l o c k S t o r e   i n - t r e e   s t o r a g e   d r i v e r   w a s   d e p r e c a t e d   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   v 1 . 1 9   r e l e a s e   a n d   t h e n   r e m o v e d   e n t i r e l y   i n   t h e   v 1 . 2 7   r e l e a s e .   T h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t   s u g g e s t s   t h a t   y o u   u s e   t h e   A W S   E B S   o u t - o f - t r e e   s t o r a g e   d r i v e r   i n s t e a d .   H e r e   i s   a n   e x a m p l e   S t o r a g e C l a s s   f o r   t h e   A W S   E B S   C S I   d r i v e r :   a p i V e r s i o n :   s t o r a g e . k 8 s . i o / v 1   k i n d :   S t o r a g e C l a s s   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   e b s - s c   p r o v i s i o n e r :   e b s . c s i . a w s . c o m   v o l u m e B i n d i n g M o d e :   W a i t F o r F i r s t C o n s u m e r   p a r a m e t e r s :   c s i . s t o r a g e . k 8 s . i o / f s t y p e :   x f s   t y p e :   i o 1   i o p s P e r G B :   " 5 0 "   e n c r y p t e d :   " t r u e "   t a g S p e c i f i c a t i o n _ 1 :   " k e y 1 = v a l u e 1 "   t a g S p e c i f i c a t i o n _ 2 :   " k e y 2 = v a l u e 2 "   a l l o w e d T o p o l o g i e s :   -   m a t c h L a b e l E x p r e s s i o n s :   -   k e y :   t o p o l o g y . e b s . c s i . a w s . c o m / z o n e   v a l u e s :   -   u s - e a s t - 2 c   t a g S p e c i f i c a t i o n :   T a g s   w i t h   t h i s   p r e f i x   a r e   a p p l i e d   t o   d y n a m i c a l l y   p r o v i s i o n e d   E B S   v o l u m e s .


Question: What is AWS EFS?

Answer: T o   c o n f i g u r e   A W S   E F S   s t o r a g e ,   y o u   c a n   u s e   t h e   o u t - o f - t r e e   A W S _ E F S _ C S I _ D R I V E R .   k i n d :   S t o r a g e C l a s s   a p i V e r s i o n :   s t o r a g e . k 8 s . i o / v 1   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   e f s - s c   p r o v i s i o n e r :   e f s . c s i . a w s . c o m   p a r a m e t e r s :   p r o v i s i o n i n g M o d e :   e f s - a p   f i l e S y s t e m I d :   f s - 9 2 1 0 7 4 1 0   d i r e c t o r y P e r m s :   " 7 0 0 "   p r o v i s i o n i n g M o d e :   T h e   t y p e   o f   v o l u m e   t o   b e   p r o v i s i o n e d   b y   A m a z o n   E F S .   C u r r e n t l y ,   o n l y   a c c e s s   p o i n t   b a s e d   p r o v i s i o n i n g   i s   s u p p o r t e d   ( e f s - a p ) . f i l e S y s t e m I d :   T h e   f i l e   s y s t e m   u n d e r   w h i c h   t h e   a c c e s s   p o i n t   i s   c r e a t e d . d i r e c t o r y P e r m s :   T h e   d i r e c t o r y   p e r m i s s i o n s   o f   t h e   r o o t   d i r e c t o r y   c r e a t e d   b y   t h e   a c c e s s   p o i n t .   F o r   m o r e   d e t a i l s ,   r e f e r   t o   t h e   A W S _ E F S _ C S I _ D r i v e r   D y n a m i c   P r o v i s i o n i n g   d o c u m e n t a t i o n .


Question: What is NFS?

Answer: T o   c o n f i g u r e   N F S   s t o r a g e ,   y o u   c a n   u s e   t h e   i n - t r e e   d r i v e r   o r   t h e   N F S   C S I   d r i v e r   f o r   K u b e r n e t e s   ( r e c o m m e n d e d ) .   a p i V e r s i o n :   s t o r a g e . k 8 s . i o / v 1   k i n d :   S t o r a g e C l a s s   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   e x a m p l e - n f s   p r o v i s i o n e r :   e x a m p l e . c o m / e x t e r n a l - n f s   p a r a m e t e r s :   s e r v e r :   n f s - s e r v e r . e x a m p l e . c o m   p a t h :   / s h a r e   r e a d O n l y :   " f a l s e "   s e r v e r :   S e r v e r   i s   t h e   h o s t n a m e   o r   I P   a d d r e s s   o f   t h e   N F S   s e r v e r . p a t h :   P a t h   t h a t   i s   e x p o r t e d   b y   t h e   N F S   s e r v e r . r e a d O n l y :   A   f l a g   i n d i c a t i n g   w h e t h e r   t h e   s t o r a g e   w i l l   b e   m o u n t e d   a s   r e a d   o n l y   ( d e f a u l t   f a l s e ) .   K u b e r n e t e s   d o e s n ' t   i n c l u d e   a n   i n t e r n a l   N F S   p r o v i s i o n e r .   Y o u   n e e d   t o   u s e   a n   e x t e r n a l   p r o v i s i o n e r   t o   c r e a t e   a   S t o r a g e C l a s s   f o r   N F S .   H e r e   a r e   s o m e   e x a m p l e s :   N F S   G a n e s h a   s e r v e r   a n d   e x t e r n a l   p r o v i s i o n e r N F S   s u b d i r   e x t e r n a l   p r o v i s i o n e r


Question: What is vSphere?

Answer: T h e r e   a r e   t w o   t y p e s   o f   p r o v i s i o n e r s   f o r   v S p h e r e   s t o r a g e   c l a s s e s :   C S I   p r o v i s i o n e r :   c s i . v s p h e r e . v m w a r e . c o m v C P   p r o v i s i o n e r :   k u b e r n e t e s . i o / v s p h e r e - v o l u m e   I n - t r e e   p r o v i s i o n e r s   a r e   d e p r e c a t e d .   F o r   m o r e   i n f o r m a t i o n   o n   t h e   C S I   p r o v i s i o n e r ,   s e e   K u b e r n e t e s   v S p h e r e   C S I   D r i v e r   a n d   v S p h e r e V o l u m e   C S I   m i g r a t i o n .


Question: What is CSI Provisioner?

Answer: T h e   v S p h e r e   C S I   S t o r a g e C l a s s   p r o v i s i o n e r   w o r k s   w i t h   T a n z u   K u b e r n e t e s   c l u s t e r s .   F o r   a n   e x a m p l e ,   r e f e r   t o   t h e   v S p h e r e   C S I   r e p o s i t o r y .


Question: What is vCP Provisioner?

Answer: T h e   f o l l o w i n g   e x a m p l e s   u s e   t h e   V M w a r e   C l o u d   P r o v i d e r   ( v C P )   S t o r a g e C l a s s   p r o v i s i o n e r .   C r e a t e   a   S t o r a g e C l a s s   w i t h   a   u s e r   s p e c i f i e d   d i s k   f o r m a t . a p i V e r s i o n :   s t o r a g e . k 8 s . i o / v 1   k i n d :   S t o r a g e C l a s s   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   f a s t   p r o v i s i o n e r :   k u b e r n e t e s . i o / v s p h e r e - v o l u m e   p a r a m e t e r s :   d i s k f o r m a t :   z e r o e d t h i c k   d i s k f o r m a t :   t h i n ,   z e r o e d t h i c k   a n d   e a g e r z e r o e d t h i c k .   D e f a u l t :   " t h i n " . C r e a t e   a   S t o r a g e C l a s s   w i t h   a   d i s k   f o r m a t   o n   a   u s e r   s p e c i f i e d   d a t a s t o r e . a p i V e r s i o n :   s t o r a g e . k 8 s . i o / v 1   k i n d :   S t o r a g e C l a s s   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   f a s t   p r o v i s i o n e r :   k u b e r n e t e s . i o / v s p h e r e - v o l u m e   p a r a m e t e r s :   d i s k f o r m a t :   z e r o e d t h i c k   d a t a s t o r e :   V S A N D a t a s t o r e   d a t a s t o r e :   T h e   u s e r   c a n   a l s o   s p e c i f y   t h e   d a t a s t o r e   i n   t h e   S t o r a g e C l a s s .   T h e   v o l u m e   w i l l   b e   c r e a t e d   o n   t h e   d a t a s t o r e   s p e c i f i e d   i n   t h e   S t o r a g e C l a s s ,   w h i c h   i n   t h i s   c a s e   i s   V S A N D a t a s t o r e .   T h i s   f i e l d   i s   o p t i o n a l .   I f   t h e   d a t a s t o r e   i s   n o t   s p e c i f i e d ,   t h e n   t h e   v o l u m e   w i l l   b e   c r e a t e d   o n   t h e   d a t a s t o r e   s p e c i f i e d   i n   t h e   v S p h e r e   c o n f i g   f i l e   u s e d   t o   i n i t i a l i z e   t h e   v S p h e r e   C l o u d   P r o v i d e r . S t o r a g e   P o l i c y   M a n a g e m e n


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: T h i s   i n t e r n a l   p r o v i s i o n e r   o f   C e p h   R B D   i s   d e p r e c a t e d .   P l e a s e   u s e   C e p h F S   R B D   C S I   d r i v e r .   a p i V e r s i o n :   s t o r a g e . k 8 s . i o / v 1   k i n d :   S t o r a g e C l a s s   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   f a s t   p r o v i s i o n e r :   k u b e r n e t e s . i o / r b d   #   T h i s   p r o v i s i o n e r   i s   d e p r e c a t e d   p a r a m e t e r s :   m o n i t o r s :   1 9 8 . 1 9 . 2 5 4 . 1 0 5 : 6 7 8 9   a d m i n I d :   k u b e   a d m i n S e c r e t N a m e :   c e p h - s e c r e t   a d m i n S e c r e t N a m e s p a c e :   k u b e - s y s t e m   p o o l :   k u b e   u s e r I d :   k u b e   u s e r S e c r e t N a m e :   c e p h - s e c r e t - u s e r   u s e r S e c r e t N a m e s p a c e :   d e f a u l t   f s T y p e :   e x t 4   i m a g e F o r m a t :   " 2 "   i m a g e F e a t u r e s :   " l a y e r i n g "   m o n i t o r s :   C e p h   m o n i t o r s ,   c o m m a   d e l i m i t e d .   T h i s   p a r a m e t e r   i s   r e q u i r e d . a d m i n I d :   C e p h   c l i e n t   I D   t h a t   i s   c a p a b l e   o f   c r e a t i n g   i m a g e s   i n   t h e   p o o l .   D e f a u l t   i s   " a d m i n " . a d m i n S e c r e t N a m e :   S e c r e t   N a m e   f o r   a d m i n I d .   T h i s   p a r a m e t e r   i s   r e q u i r e d .   T h e   p r o v i d e d   s e c r e t   m u s t   h a v e   t y p e   " k u b e r n e t e s . i o / r b d " . a d m i n S e c r e t N a m e s p a c e :   T h e   n a m e s p a c e   f o r   a d m i n S e c r e t N a m e .   D e f a u l t   i s   " d e f a u l t " . p o o l :   C e p h   R B D   p o o l .   D e f a u l t   i s   " r b d " . u s e r I d :   C e p h   c l i e n t   I D   t h a t   i s   u s e d   t o   m a p   t h e   R B D   i m a g e .   D e f a u l t   i s   t h e   s a m e   a s   a d m i n I d . u s e r S e c r e t N a m e :   T h e   n a m e   o f


Question: What is Azure Disk?

Answer: K u b e r n e t e s   1 . 3 4   d o e s   n o t   i n c l u d e   a   a z u r e D i s k   v o l u m e   t y p e .   T h e   a z u r e D i s k   i n - t r e e   s t o r a g e   d r i v e r   w a s   d e p r e c a t e d   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   v 1 . 1 9   r e l e a s e   a n d   t h e n   r e m o v e d   e n t i r e l y   i n   t h e   v 1 . 2 7   r e l e a s e .   T h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t   s u g g e s t s   t h a t   y o u   u s e   t h e   A z u r e   D i s k   t h i r d   p a r t y   s t o r a g e   d r i v e r   i n s t e a d .


Question: What is Azure File (deprecated)?

Answer: a p i V e r s i o n :   s t o r a g e . k 8 s . i o / v 1   k i n d :   S t o r a g e C l a s s   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   a z u r e f i l e   p r o v i s i o n e r :   k u b e r n e t e s . i o / a z u r e - f i l e   p a r a m e t e r s :   s k u N a m e :   S t a n d a r d _ L R S   l o c a t i o n :   e a s t u s   s t o r a g e A c c o u n t :   a z u r e _ s t o r a g e _ a c c o u n t _ n a m e   #   e x a m p l e   v a l u e   s k u N a m e :   A z u r e   s t o r a g e   a c c o u n t   S K U   t i e r .   D e f a u l t   i s   e m p t y . l o c a t i o n :   A z u r e   s t o r a g e   a c c o u n t   l o c a t i o n .   D e f a u l t   i s   e m p t y . s t o r a g e A c c o u n t :   A z u r e   s t o r a g e   a c c o u n t   n a m e .   D e f a u l t   i s   e m p t y .   I f   a   s t o r a g e   a c c o u n t   i s   n o t   p r o v i d e d ,   a l l   s t o r a g e   a c c o u n t s   a s s o c i a t e d   w i t h   t h e   r e s o u r c e   g r o u p   a r e   s e a r c h e d   t o   f i n d   o n e   t h a t   m a t c h e s   s k u N a m e   a n d   l o c a t i o n .   I f   a   s t o r a g e   a c c o u n t   i s   p r o v i d e d ,   i t   m u s t   r e s i d e   i n   t h e   s a m e   r e s o u r c e   g r o u p   a s   t h e   c l u s t e r ,   a n d   s k u N a m e   a n d   l o c a t i o n   a r e   i g n o r e d . s e c r e t N a m e s p a c e :   t h e   n a m e s p a c e   o f   t h e   s e c r e t   t h a t   c o n t a i n s   t h e   A z u r e   S t o r a g e   A c c o u n t   N a m e   a n d   K e y .   D e f a u l t   i s   t h e   s a m e   a s   t h e   P o d . s e c r e t N a m e :   t h e   n a m e   o f   t h e   s e c r e t   t h a t   c o n t a i n s   t h e   A z u r e   S t o r a g e   A c c o u n t   N a m e   a n d   K e y .   D e f a u l t   i s   a z u r e - s t o r a g e - a c c o u n t - < a c c o u n t N a m e > - s e c r e t r e a d O n l y :   a   f l a g   i n d i c a t i n g   w h e t h e r   t h e   s t o


Question: What is Portworx volume (deprecated)?

Answer: a p i V e r s i o n :   s t o r a g e . k 8 s . i o / v 1   k i n d :   S t o r a g e C l a s s   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   p o r t w o r x - i o - p r i o r i t y - h i g h   p r o v i s i o n e r :   k u b e r n e t e s . i o / p o r t w o r x - v o l u m e   #   T h i s   p r o v i s i o n e r   i s   d e p r e c a t e d   p a r a m e t e r s :   r e p l :   " 1 "   s n a p _ i n t e r v a l :   " 7 0 "   p r i o r i t y _ i o :   " h i g h "   f s :   f i l e s y s t e m   t o   b e   l a i d   o u t :   n o n e / x f s / e x t 4   ( d e f a u l t :   e x t 4 ) . b l o c k _ s i z e :   b l o c k   s i z e   i n   K b y t e s   ( d e f a u l t :   3 2 ) . r e p l :   n u m b e r   o f   s y n c h r o n o u s   r e p l i c a s   t o   b e   p r o v i d e d   i n   t h e   f o r m   o f   r e p l i c a t i o n   f a c t o r   1 . . 3   ( d e f a u l t :   1 )   A   s t r i n g   i s   e x p e c t e d   h e r e   i . e .   " 1 "   a n d   n o t   1 . p r i o r i t y _ i o :   d e t e r m i n e s   w h e t h e r   t h e   v o l u m e   w i l l   b e   c r e a t e d   f r o m   h i g h e r   p e r f o r m a n c e   o r   a   l o w e r   p r i o r i t y   s t o r a g e   h i g h / m e d i u m / l o w   ( d e f a u l t :   l o w ) . s n a p _ i n t e r v a l :   c l o c k / t i m e   i n t e r v a l   i n   m i n u t e s   f o r   w h e n   t o   t r i g g e r   s n a p s h o t s .   S n a p s h o t s   a r e   i n c r e m e n t a l   b a s e d   o n   d i f f e r e n c e   w i t h   t h e   p r i o r   s n a p s h o t ,   0   d i s a b l e s   s n a p s   ( d e f a u l t :   0 ) .   A   s t r i n g   i s   e x p e c t e d   h e r e   i . e .   " 7 0 "   a n d   n o t   7 0 . a g g r e g a t i o n _ l e v e l :   s p e c i f i e s   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   c h u n k s   t h e   v o l u m e   w o u l d   b e   d i s t r i b u t e d   i n t o ,   0   i n d i c a t e s   a   n o n - a g g r e g a t e d   v o l u m e   ( d e f a u l t :   0 ) .   A   s t r i n g


Question: What is Local?

Answer: a p i V e r s i o n :   s t o r a g e . k 8 s . i o / v 1   k i n d :   S t o r a g e C l a s s   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   l o c a l - s t o r a g e   p r o v i s i o n e r :   k u b e r n e t e s . i o / n o - p r o v i s i o n e r   #   i n d i c a t e s   t h a t   t h i s   S t o r a g e C l a s s   d o e s   n o t   s u p p o r t   a u t o m a t i c   p r o v i s i o n i n g   v o l u m e B i n d i n g M o d e :   W a i t F o r F i r s t C o n s u m e r   L o c a l   v o l u m e s   d o   n o t   s u p p o r t   d y n a m i c   p r o v i s i o n i n g   i n   K u b e r n e t e s   1 . 3 4 ;   h o w e v e r   a   S t o r a g e C l a s s   s h o u l d   s t i l l   b e   c r e a t e d   t o   d e l a y   v o l u m e   b i n d i n g   u n t i l   a   P o d   i s   a c t u a l l y   s c h e d u l e d   t o   t h e   a p p r o p r i a t e   n o d e .   T h i s   i s   s p e c i f i e d   b y   t h e   W a i t F o r F i r s t C o n s u m e r   v o l u m e   b i n d i n g   m o d e .   D e l a y i n g   v o l u m e   b i n d i n g   a l l o w s   t h e   s c h e d u l e r   t o   c o n s i d e r   a l l   o f   a   P o d ' s   s c h e d u l i n g   c o n s t r a i n t s   w h e n   c h o o s i n g   a n   a p p r o p r i a t e   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e   f o r   a   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e C l a i m .


Question: What is Labels and Selectors?

Answer: Labels and SelectorsLabels are key/value pairs that are attached to objects such as Pods. Labels are intended to be used to specify identifying attributes of objects that are meaningful and relevant to users, but do not directly imply semantics to the core system. Labels can be used to organize and to select subsets of objects. Labels can be attached to objects at creation time and subsequently added and modified at any time. Each object can have a set of key/value labels defined. Each Key must be unique for a given object."metadata": { "labels": { "key1" : "value1", "key2" : "value2" } } Labels allow for efficient queries and watches and are ideal for use in UIs and CLIs. Non-identifying information should be recorded using annotations.MotivationLabels enable users to map their own organizational structures onto system objects in a loosely coupled fashion, without requiring clients to store these mappings.Service deployments and batch processing pipelines are often multi-dimensional entities (e.g., multiple partitions or deployments, multiple release tracks, multiple tiers, multiple micro-services per tier). Management often requires cross-cutting operations, which breaks encapsulation of strictly hierarchical representations, especially rigid hierarchies determined by the infrastructure rather than by users.Example labels:"release" : "stable", "release" : "canary""environment" : "dev", "environment" : "qa", "environment" : "production""tier" : "frontend", "tier" : "backend", "tier" : "cache""partition" : "customerA", "partition" : "customerB""track" : "daily", "track" : "weekly"These are examples of commonly used labels; you are free to develop your own conventions. Keep in mind that label Key must be unique for a given object.Syntax and character setLabels are key/value pairs. Valid label keys have two segments: an optional prefix and name, separated by a slash (/). The name segment is required and must be 63 characters or less, beginning and ending with an alphanumeric character ([a-z0-9A-Z]) with dashes (-), underscores (_), dots (.), and alphanumerics between. The prefix is optional. If specified, the prefix must be a DNS subdomain: a series of DNS labels separated by dots (.), not longer than 253 characters in total, followed by a slash (/).If the prefix is omitted, the label Key is presumed to be private to the user. Automated system components (e.g. kube-scheduler, kube-controller-manager, kube-apiserver, kubectl, or other third-party automation) which add labels to end-user objects must specify a prefix.The kubernetes.io/ and k8s.io/ prefixes are reserved for Kubernetes core components.Valid label value:must be 63 characters or less (can be empty),unless empty, must begin and end with an alphanumeric character ([a-z0-9A-Z]),could contain dashes (-), underscores (_), dots (.), and alphanumerics between.For example, here's a manifest for a Pod that has two labels environment: production and app: nginx:apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: na


Question: How does Labels and Selectors work?

Answer: Labels and SelectorsLabels are key/value pairs that are attached to objects such as Pods. Labels are intended to be used to specify identifying attributes of objects that are meaningful and relevant to users, but do not directly imply semantics to the core system. Labels can be used to organize and to select subsets of objects. Labels can be attached to objects at creation time and subsequently added and modified at any time. Each object can have a set of key/value labels defined. Each Key must be unique for a given object."metadata": { "labels": { "key1" : "value1", "key2" : "value2" } } Labels allow for efficient queries and watches and are ideal for use in UIs and CLIs. Non-identifying information should be recorded using annotations.MotivationLabels enable users to map their own organizational structures onto system objects in a loosely coupled fashion, without requiring clients to store these mappings.Service deployments and batch processing pipelines are often multi-dimensional entities (e.g., multiple partitions or deployments, multiple release tracks, multiple tiers, multiple micro-services per tier). Management often requires cross-cutting operations, which breaks encapsulation of strictly hierarchical representations, especially rigid hierarchies determined by the infrastructure rather than by users.Example labels:"release" : "stable", "release" : "canary""environment" : "dev", "environment" : "qa", "environment" : "production""tier" : "frontend", "tier" : "backend", "tier" : "cache""partition" : "customerA", "partition" : "customerB""track" : "daily", "track" : "weekly"These are examples of commonly used labels; you are free to develop your own conventions. Keep in mind that label Key must be unique for a given object.Syntax and character setLabels are key/value pairs. Valid label keys have two segments: an optional prefix and name, separated by a slash (/). The name segment is required and must be 63 characters or less, beginning and ending with an alphanumeric character ([a-z0-9A-Z]) with dashes (-), underscores (_), dots (.), and alphanumerics between. The prefix is optional. If specified, the prefix must be a DNS subdomain: a series of DNS labels separated by dots (.), not longer than 253 characters in total, followed by a slash (/).If the prefix is omitted, the label Key is presumed to be private to the user. Automated system components (e.g. kube-scheduler, kube-controller-manager, kube-apiserver, kubectl, or other third-party automation) which add labels to end-user objects must specify a prefix.The kubernetes.io/ and k8s.io/ prefixes are reserved for Kubernetes core components.Valid label value:must be 63 characters or less (can be empty),unless empty, must begin and end with an alphanumeric character ([a-z0-9A-Z]),could contain dashes (-), underscores (_), dots (.), and alphanumerics between.For example, here's a manifest for a Pod that has two labels environment: production and app: nginx:apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: na


Question: When would you use Labels and Selectors?

Answer: Labels and SelectorsLabels are key/value pairs that are attached to objects such as Pods. Labels are intended to be used to specify identifying attributes of objects that are meaningful and relevant to users, but do not directly imply semantics to the core system. Labels can be used to organize and to select subsets of objects. Labels can be attached to objects at creation time and subsequently added and modified at any time. Each object can have a set of key/value labels defined. Each Key must be unique for a given object."metadata": { "labels": { "key1" : "value1", "key2" : "value2" } } Labels allow for efficient queries and watches and are ideal for use in UIs and CLIs. Non-identifying information should be recorded using annotations.MotivationLabels enable users to map their own organizational structures onto system objects in a loosely coupled fashion, without requiring clients to store these mappings.Service deployments and batch processing pipelines are often multi-dimensional entities (e.g., multiple partitions or deployments, multiple release tracks, multiple tiers, multiple micro-services per tier). Management often requires cross-cutting operations, which breaks encapsulation of strictly hierarchical representations, especially rigid hierarchies determined by the infrastructure rather than by users.Example labels:"release" : "stable", "release" : "canary""environment" : "dev", "environment" : "qa", "environment" : "production""tier" : "frontend", "tier" : "backend", "tier" : "cache""partition" : "customerA", "partition" : "customerB""track" : "daily", "track" : "weekly"These are examples of commonly used labels; you are free to develop your own conventions. Keep in mind that label Key must be unique for a given object.Syntax and character setLabels are key/value pairs. Valid label keys have two segments: an optional prefix and name, separated by a slash (/). The name segment is required and must be 63 characters or less, beginning and ending with an alphanumeric character ([a-z0-9A-Z]) with dashes (-), underscores (_), dots (.), and alphanumerics between. The prefix is optional. If specified, the prefix must be a DNS subdomain: a series of DNS labels separated by dots (.), not longer than 253 characters in total, followed by a slash (/).If the prefix is omitted, the label Key is presumed to be private to the user. Automated system components (e.g. kube-scheduler, kube-controller-manager, kube-apiserver, kubectl, or other third-party automation) which add labels to end-user objects must specify a prefix.The kubernetes.io/ and k8s.io/ prefixes are reserved for Kubernetes core components.Valid label value:must be 63 characters or less (can be empty),unless empty, must begin and end with an alphanumeric character ([a-z0-9A-Z]),could contain dashes (-), underscores (_), dots (.), and alphanumerics between.For example, here's a manifest for a Pod that has two labels environment: production and app: nginx:apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: na


Question: What are the benefits of Labels and Selectors?

Answer: Labels and SelectorsLabels are key/value pairs that are attached to objects such as Pods. Labels are intended to be used to specify identifying attributes of objects that are meaningful and relevant to users, but do not directly imply semantics to the core system. Labels can be used to organize and to select subsets of objects. Labels can be attached to objects at creation time and subsequently added and modified at any time. Each object can have a set of key/value labels defined. Each Key must be unique for a given object."metadata": { "labels": { "key1" : "value1", "key2" : "value2" } } Labels allow for efficient queries and watches and are ideal for use in UIs and CLIs. Non-identifying information should be recorded using annotations.MotivationLabels enable users to map their own organizational structures onto system objects in a loosely coupled fashion, without requiring clients to store these mappings.Service deployments and batch processing pipelines are often multi-dimensional entities (e.g., multiple partitions or deployments, multiple release tracks, multiple tiers, multiple micro-services per tier). Management often requires cross-cutting operations, which breaks encapsulation of strictly hierarchical representations, especially rigid hierarchies determined by the infrastructure rather than by users.Example labels:"release" : "stable", "release" : "canary""environment" : "dev", "environment" : "qa", "environment" : "production""tier" : "frontend", "tier" : "backend", "tier" : "cache""partition" : "customerA", "partition" : "customerB""track" : "daily", "track" : "weekly"These are examples of commonly used labels; you are free to develop your own conventions. Keep in mind that label Key must be unique for a given object.Syntax and character setLabels are key/value pairs. Valid label keys have two segments: an optional prefix and name, separated by a slash (/). The name segment is required and must be 63 characters or less, beginning and ending with an alphanumeric character ([a-z0-9A-Z]) with dashes (-), underscores (_), dots (.), and alphanumerics between. The prefix is optional. If specified, the prefix must be a DNS subdomain: a series of DNS labels separated by dots (.), not longer than 253 characters in total, followed by a slash (/).If the prefix is omitted, the label Key is presumed to be private to the user. Automated system components (e.g. kube-scheduler, kube-controller-manager, kube-apiserver, kubectl, or other third-party automation) which add labels to end-user objects must specify a prefix.The kubernetes.io/ and k8s.io/ prefixes are reserved for Kubernetes core components.Valid label value:must be 63 characters or less (can be empty),unless empty, must begin and end with an alphanumeric character ([a-z0-9A-Z]),could contain dashes (-), underscores (_), dots (.), and alphanumerics between.For example, here's a manifest for a Pod that has two labels environment: production and app: nginx:apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: na


Question: What is Labels and Selectors?

Answer: L a b e l s   a r e   k e y / v a l u e   p a i r s   t h a t   a r e   a t t a c h e d   t o   o b j e c t s   s u c h   a s   P o d s .   L a b e l s   a r e   i n t e n d e d   t o   b e   u s e d   t o   s p e c i f y   i d e n t i f y i n g   a t t r i b u t e s   o f   o b j e c t s   t h a t   a r e   m e a n i n g f u l   a n d   r e l e v a n t   t o   u s e r s ,   b u t   d o   n o t   d i r e c t l y   i m p l y   s e m a n t i c s   t o   t h e   c o r e   s y s t e m .   L a b e l s   c a n   b e   u s e d   t o   o r g a n i z e   a n d   t o   s e l e c t   s u b s e t s   o f   o b j e c t s .   L a b e l s   c a n   b e   a t t a c h e d   t o   o b j e c t s   a t   c r e a t i o n   t i m e   a n d   s u b s e q u e n t l y   a d d e d   a n d   m o d i f i e d   a t   a n y   t i m e .   E a c h   o b j e c t   c a n   h a v e   a   s e t   o f   k e y / v a l u e   l a b e l s   d e f i n e d .   E a c h   K e y   m u s t   b e   u n i q u e   f o r   a   g i v e n   o b j e c t .   " m e t a d a t a " :   {   " l a b e l s " :   {   " k e y 1 "   :   " v a l u e 1 " ,   " k e y 2 "   :   " v a l u e 2 "   }   }   L a b e l s   a l l o w   f o r   e f f i c i e n t   q u e r i e s   a n d   w a t c h e s   a n d   a r e   i d e a l   f o r   u s e   i n   U I s   a n d   C L I s .   N o n - i d e n t i f y i n g   i n f o r m a t i o n   s h o u l d   b e   r e c o r d e d   u s i n g   a n n o t a t i o n s .


Question: What is Motivation?

Answer: L a b e l s   e n a b l e   u s e r s   t o   m a p   t h e i r   o w n   o r g a n i z a t i o n a l   s t r u c t u r e s   o n t o   s y s t e m   o b j e c t s   i n   a   l o o s e l y   c o u p l e d   f a s h i o n ,   w i t h o u t   r e q u i r i n g   c l i e n t s   t o   s t o r e   t h e s e   m a p p i n g s .   S e r v i c e   d e p l o y m e n t s   a n d   b a t c h   p r o c e s s i n g   p i p e l i n e s   a r e   o f t e n   m u l t i - d i m e n s i o n a l   e n t i t i e s   ( e . g . ,   m u l t i p l e   p a r t i t i o n s   o r   d e p l o y m e n t s ,   m u l t i p l e   r e l e a s e   t r a c k s ,   m u l t i p l e   t i e r s ,   m u l t i p l e   m i c r o - s e r v i c e s   p e r   t i e r ) .   M a n a g e m e n t   o f t e n   r e q u i r e s   c r o s s - c u t t i n g   o p e r a t i o n s ,   w h i c h   b r e a k s   e n c a p s u l a t i o n   o f   s t r i c t l y   h i e r a r c h i c a l   r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s ,   e s p e c i a l l y   r i g i d   h i e r a r c h i e s   d e t e r m i n e d   b y   t h e   i n f r a s t r u c t u r e   r a t h e r   t h a n   b y   u s e r s .   E x a m p l e   l a b e l s :   " r e l e a s e "   :   " s t a b l e " ,   " r e l e a s e "   :   " c a n a r y " " e n v i r o n m e n t "   :   " d e v " ,   " e n v i r o n m e n t "   :   " q a " ,   " e n v i r o n m e n t "   :   " p r o d u c t i o n " " t i e r "   :   " f r o n t e n d " ,   " t i e r "   :   " b a c k e n d " ,   " t i e r "   :   " c a c h e " " p a r t i t i o n "   :   " c u s t o m e r A " ,   " p a r t i t i o n "   :   " c u s t o m e r B " " t r a c k "   :   " d a i l y " ,   " t r a c k "   :   " w e e k l y "   T h e s e   a r e   e x a m p l e s   o f   c o m m o n l y   u s e d   l a b e l s ;   y o u   a r e   f r e e   t o   d e v e l o p   y o u r   o w n   c o n v e n t i o n s .   K e e p   i n   m i n d   t h a t   l a b e l   K e y   m u s t   b e   u n i q u e   f o r   a   g i v e n   o


Question: What is Syntax and character set?

Answer: L a b e l s   a r e   k e y / v a l u e   p a i r s .   V a l i d   l a b e l   k e y s   h a v e   t w o   s e g m e n t s :   a n   o p t i o n a l   p r e f i x   a n d   n a m e ,   s e p a r a t e d   b y   a   s l a s h   ( / ) .   T h e   n a m e   s e g m e n t   i s   r e q u i r e d   a n d   m u s t   b e   6 3   c h a r a c t e r s   o r   l e s s ,   b e g i n n i n g   a n d   e n d i n g   w i t h   a n   a l p h a n u m e r i c   c h a r a c t e r   ( [ a - z 0 - 9 A - Z ] )   w i t h   d a s h e s   ( - ) ,   u n d e r s c o r e s   ( _ ) ,   d o t s   ( . ) ,   a n d   a l p h a n u m e r i c s   b e t w e e n .   T h e   p r e f i x   i s   o p t i o n a l .   I f   s p e c i f i e d ,   t h e   p r e f i x   m u s t   b e   a   D N S   s u b d o m a i n :   a   s e r i e s   o f   D N S   l a b e l s   s e p a r a t e d   b y   d o t s   ( . ) ,   n o t   l o n g e r   t h a n   2 5 3   c h a r a c t e r s   i n   t o t a l ,   f o l l o w e d   b y   a   s l a s h   ( / ) .   I f   t h e   p r e f i x   i s   o m i t t e d ,   t h e   l a b e l   K e y   i s   p r e s u m e d   t o   b e   p r i v a t e   t o   t h e   u s e r .   A u t o m a t e d   s y s t e m   c o m p o n e n t s   ( e . g .   k u b e - s c h e d u l e r ,   k u b e - c o n t r o l l e r - m a n a g e r ,   k u b e - a p i s e r v e r ,   k u b e c t l ,   o r   o t h e r   t h i r d - p a r t y   a u t o m a t i o n )   w h i c h   a d d   l a b e l s   t o   e n d - u s e r   o b j e c t s   m u s t   s p e c i f y   a   p r e f i x .   T h e   k u b e r n e t e s . i o /   a n d   k 8 s . i o /   p r e f i x e s   a r e   r e s e r v e d   f o r   K u b e r n e t e s   c o r e   c o m p o n e n t s .   V a l i d   l a b e l   v a l u e :   m u s t   b e   6 3   c h a r a c t e r s   o r   l e s s   ( c a n   b e   e m p t y ) , u n l e s s   e m p t y ,   m u s t   b e g i n   a n d   e n d   w i t h   a n   a l p h a n u m e r i c   c h a r a c t e r   ( [ a - z 0 - 9 A


Question: What is Label selectors?

Answer: U n l i k e   n a m e s   a n d   U I D s ,   l a b e l s   d o   n o t   p r o v i d e   u n i q u e n e s s .   I n   g e n e r a l ,   w e   e x p e c t   m a n y   o b j e c t s   t o   c a r r y   t h e   s a m e   l a b e l ( s ) .   V i a   a   l a b e l   s e l e c t o r ,   t h e   c l i e n t / u s e r   c a n   i d e n t i f y   a   s e t   o f   o b j e c t s .   T h e   l a b e l   s e l e c t o r   i s   t h e   c o r e   g r o u p i n g   p r i m i t i v e   i n   K u b e r n e t e s .   T h e   A P I   c u r r e n t l y   s u p p o r t s   t w o   t y p e s   o f   s e l e c t o r s :   e q u a l i t y - b a s e d   a n d   s e t - b a s e d .   A   l a b e l   s e l e c t o r   c a n   b e   m a d e   o f   m u l t i p l e   r e q u i r e m e n t s   w h i c h   a r e   c o m m a - s e p a r a t e d .   I n   t h e   c a s e   o f   m u l t i p l e   r e q u i r e m e n t s ,   a l l   m u s t   b e   s a t i s f i e d   s o   t h e   c o m m a   s e p a r a t o r   a c t s   a s   a   l o g i c a l   A N D   ( & & )   o p e r a t o r .   T h e   s e m a n t i c s   o f   e m p t y   o r   n o n - s p e c i f i e d   s e l e c t o r s   a r e   d e p e n d e n t   o n   t h e   c o n t e x t ,   a n d   A P I   t y p e s   t h a t   u s e   s e l e c t o r s   s h o u l d   d o c u m e n t   t h e   v a l i d i t y   a n d   m e a n i n g   o f   t h e m .


Question: What is Equality-based requirement?

Answer: E q u a l i t y -   o r   i n e q u a l i t y - b a s e d   r e q u i r e m e n t s   a l l o w   f i l t e r i n g   b y   l a b e l   k e y s   a n d   v a l u e s .   M a t c h i n g   o b j e c t s   m u s t   s a t i s f y   a l l   o f   t h e   s p e c i f i e d   l a b e l   c o n s t r a i n t s ,   t h o u g h   t h e y   m a y   h a v e   a d d i t i o n a l   l a b e l s   a s   w e l l .   T h r e e   k i n d s   o f   o p e r a t o r s   a r e   a d m i t t e d   = , = = , ! = .   T h e   f i r s t   t w o   r e p r e s e n t   e q u a l i t y   ( a n d   a r e   s y n o n y m s ) ,   w h i l e   t h e   l a t t e r   r e p r e s e n t s   i n e q u a l i t y .   F o r   e x a m p l e :   e n v i r o n m e n t   =   p r o d u c t i o n   t i e r   ! =   f r o n t e n d   T h e   f o r m e r   s e l e c t s   a l l   r e s o u r c e s   w i t h   k e y   e q u a l   t o   e n v i r o n m e n t   a n d   v a l u e   e q u a l   t o   p r o d u c t i o n .   T h e   l a t t e r   s e l e c t s   a l l   r e s o u r c e s   w i t h   k e y   e q u a l   t o   t i e r   a n d   v a l u e   d i s t i n c t   f r o m   f r o n t e n d ,   a n d   a l l   r e s o u r c e s   w i t h   n o   l a b e l s   w i t h   t h e   t i e r   k e y .   O n e   c o u l d   f i l t e r   f o r   r e s o u r c e s   i n   p r o d u c t i o n   e x c l u d i n g   f r o n t e n d   u s i n g   t h e   c o m m a   o p e r a t o r :   e n v i r o n m e n t = p r o d u c t i o n , t i e r ! = f r o n t e n d   O n e   u s a g e   s c e n a r i o   f o r   e q u a l i t y - b a s e d   l a b e l   r e q u i r e m e n t   i s   f o r   P o d s   t o   s p e c i f y   n o d e   s e l e c t i o n   c r i t e r i a .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   t h e   s a m p l e   P o d   b e l o w   s e l e c t s   n o d e s   w h e r e   t h e   a c c e l e r a t o r   l a b e l   e x i s t s   a n d   i s   s e t   t o   n v i d i a - t e s l a - p 1 0 0 .   a p i V e r s i o n :   v 1   k i n


Question: What is Set-based requirement?

Answer: S e t - b a s e d   l a b e l   r e q u i r e m e n t s   a l l o w   f i l t e r i n g   k e y s   a c c o r d i n g   t o   a   s e t   o f   v a l u e s .   T h r e e   k i n d s   o f   o p e r a t o r s   a r e   s u p p o r t e d :   i n , n o t i n   a n d   e x i s t s   ( o n l y   t h e   k e y   i d e n t i f i e r ) .   F o r   e x a m p l e :   e n v i r o n m e n t   i n   ( p r o d u c t i o n ,   q a )   t i e r   n o t i n   ( f r o n t e n d ,   b a c k e n d )   p a r t i t i o n   ! p a r t i t i o n   T h e   f i r s t   e x a m p l e   s e l e c t s   a l l   r e s o u r c e s   w i t h   k e y   e q u a l   t o   e n v i r o n m e n t   a n d   v a l u e   e q u a l   t o   p r o d u c t i o n   o r   q a . T h e   s e c o n d   e x a m p l e   s e l e c t s   a l l   r e s o u r c e s   w i t h   k e y   e q u a l   t o   t i e r   a n d   v a l u e s   o t h e r   t h a n   f r o n t e n d   a n d   b a c k e n d ,   a n d   a l l   r e s o u r c e s   w i t h   n o   l a b e l s   w i t h   t h e   t i e r   k e y . T h e   t h i r d   e x a m p l e   s e l e c t s   a l l   r e s o u r c e s   i n c l u d i n g   a   l a b e l   w i t h   k e y   p a r t i t i o n ;   n o   v a l u e s   a r e   c h e c k e d . T h e   f o u r t h   e x a m p l e   s e l e c t s   a l l   r e s o u r c e s   w i t h o u t   a   l a b e l   w i t h   k e y   p a r t i t i o n ;   n o   v a l u e s   a r e   c h e c k e d .   S i m i l a r l y   t h e   c o m m a   s e p a r a t o r   a c t s   a s   a n   A N D   o p e r a t o r .   S o   f i l t e r i n g   r e s o u r c e s   w i t h   a   p a r t i t i o n   k e y   ( n o   m a t t e r   t h e   v a l u e )   a n d   w i t h   e n v i r o n m e n t   d i f f e r e n t   t h a n   q a   c a n   b e   a c h i e v e d   u s i n g   p a r t i t i o n , e n v i r o n m e n t   n o t i n   ( q a ) .   T h e   s e t - b a s e d   l a b e l   s e l e c t o r   i s   a   g e n e r a l   f o r m   o f   e q u a l


Question: What is LIST and WATCH filtering?

Answer: F o r   l i s t   a n d   w a t c h   o p e r a t i o n s ,   y o u   c a n   s p e c i f y   l a b e l   s e l e c t o r s   t o   f i l t e r   t h e   s e t s   o f   o b j e c t s   r e t u r n e d ;   y o u   s p e c i f y   t h e   f i l t e r   u s i n g   a   q u e r y   p a r a m e t e r .   ( T o   l e a r n   i n   d e t a i l   a b o u t   w a t c h e s   i n   K u b e r n e t e s ,   r e a d   e f f i c i e n t   d e t e c t i o n   o f   c h a n g e s ) .   B o t h   r e q u i r e m e n t s   a r e   p e r m i t t e d   ( p r e s e n t e d   h e r e   a s   t h e y   w o u l d   a p p e a r   i n   a   U R L   q u e r y   s t r i n g ) :   e q u a l i t y - b a s e d   r e q u i r e m e n t s :   ? l a b e l S e l e c t o r = e n v i r o n m e n t % 3 D p r o d u c t i o n , t i e r % 3 D f r o n t e n d s e t - b a s e d   r e q u i r e m e n t s :   ? l a b e l S e l e c t o r = e n v i r o n m e n t + i n + % 2 8 p r o d u c t i o n % 2 C q a % 2 9 % 2 C t i e r + i n + % 2 8 f r o n t e n d % 2 9   B o t h   l a b e l   s e l e c t o r   s t y l e s   c a n   b e   u s e d   t o   l i s t   o r   w a t c h   r e s o u r c e s   v i a   a   R E S T   c l i e n t .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   t a r g e t i n g   a p i s e r v e r   w i t h   k u b e c t l   a n d   u s i n g   e q u a l i t y - b a s e d   o n e   m a y   w r i t e :   k u b e c t l   g e t   p o d s   - l   e n v i r o n m e n t = p r o d u c t i o n , t i e r = f r o n t e n d   o r   u s i n g   s e t - b a s e d   r e q u i r e m e n t s :   k u b e c t l   g e t   p o d s   - l   ' e n v i r o n m e n t   i n   ( p r o d u c t i o n ) , t i e r   i n   ( f r o n t e n d ) '   A s   a l r e a d y   m e n t i o n e d   s e t - b a s e d   r e q u i r e m e n t s   a r e   m o r e   e x p r e s s i v e .   F o r   i n s t a n c e ,   t h e y   c a n   i m p l e m e n t   t h e   O R   o p e r a t o r   o n   v a l u e s :   k u b e c t l   g e t   p o d s   - l   ' e n v i r o n m


Question: What is Set references in API objects?

Answer: S o m e   K u b e r n e t e s   o b j e c t s ,   s u c h   a s   s e r v i c e s   a n d   r e p l i c a t i o n c o n t r o l l e r s ,   a l s o   u s e   l a b e l   s e l e c t o r s   t o   s p e c i f y   s e t s   o f   o t h e r   r e s o u r c e s ,   s u c h   a s   p o d s .


Question: What is Service and ReplicationController?

Answer: T h e   s e t   o f   p o d s   t h a t   a   s e r v i c e   t a r g e t s   i s   d e f i n e d   w i t h   a   l a b e l   s e l e c t o r .   S i m i l a r l y ,   t h e   p o p u l a t i o n   o f   p o d s   t h a t   a   r e p l i c a t i o n c o n t r o l l e r   s h o u l d   m a n a g e   i s   a l s o   d e f i n e d   w i t h   a   l a b e l   s e l e c t o r .   L a b e l   s e l e c t o r s   f o r   b o t h   o b j e c t s   a r e   d e f i n e d   i n   j s o n   o r   y a m l   f i l e s   u s i n g   m a p s ,   a n d   o n l y   e q u a l i t y - b a s e d   r e q u i r e m e n t   s e l e c t o r s   a r e   s u p p o r t e d :   " s e l e c t o r " :   {   " c o m p o n e n t "   :   " r e d i s " ,   }   o r   s e l e c t o r :   c o m p o n e n t :   r e d i s   T h i s   s e l e c t o r   ( r e s p e c t i v e l y   i n   j s o n   o r   y a m l   f o r m a t )   i s   e q u i v a l e n t   t o   c o m p o n e n t = r e d i s   o r   c o m p o n e n t   i n   ( r e d i s ) .


Question: What is Resources that support set-based requirements?

Answer: N e w e r   r e s o u r c e s ,   s u c h   a s   J o b ,   D e p l o y m e n t ,   R e p l i c a S e t ,   a n d   D a e m o n S e t ,   s u p p o r t   s e t - b a s e d   r e q u i r e m e n t s   a s   w e l l .   s e l e c t o r :   m a t c h L a b e l s :   c o m p o n e n t :   r e d i s   m a t c h E x p r e s s i o n s :   -   {   k e y :   t i e r ,   o p e r a t o r :   I n ,   v a l u e s :   [ c a c h e ]   }   -   {   k e y :   e n v i r o n m e n t ,   o p e r a t o r :   N o t I n ,   v a l u e s :   [ d e v ]   }   m a t c h L a b e l s   i s   a   m a p   o f   { k e y , v a l u e }   p a i r s .   A   s i n g l e   { k e y , v a l u e }   i n   t h e   m a t c h L a b e l s   m a p   i s   e q u i v a l e n t   t o   a n   e l e m e n t   o f   m a t c h E x p r e s s i o n s ,   w h o s e   k e y   f i e l d   i s   " k e y " ,   t h e   o p e r a t o r   i s   " I n " ,   a n d   t h e   v a l u e s   a r r a y   c o n t a i n s   o n l y   " v a l u e " .   m a t c h E x p r e s s i o n s   i s   a   l i s t   o f   p o d   s e l e c t o r   r e q u i r e m e n t s .   V a l i d   o p e r a t o r s   i n c l u d e   I n ,   N o t I n ,   E x i s t s ,   a n d   D o e s N o t E x i s t .   T h e   v a l u e s   s e t   m u s t   b e   n o n - e m p t y   i n   t h e   c a s e   o f   I n   a n d   N o t I n .   A l l   o f   t h e   r e q u i r e m e n t s ,   f r o m   b o t h   m a t c h L a b e l s   a n d   m a t c h E x p r e s s i o n s   a r e   A N D e d   t o g e t h e r   - -   t h e y   m u s t   a l l   b e   s a t i s f i e d   i n   o r d e r   t o   m a t c h .


Question: What is Selecting sets of nodes?

Answer: O n e   u s e   c a s e   f o r   s e l e c t i n g   o v e r   l a b e l s   i s   t o   c o n s t r a i n   t h e   s e t   o f   n o d e s   o n t o   w h i c h   a   p o d   c a n   s c h e d u l e .   S e e   t h e   d o c u m e n t a t i o n   o n   n o d e   s e l e c t i o n   f o r   m o r e   i n f o r m a t i o n .


Question: What is Using labels effectively?

Answer: Y o u   c a n   a p p l y   a   s i n g l e   l a b e l   t o   a n y   r e s o u r c e s ,   b u t   t h i s   i s   n o t   a l w a y s   t h e   b e s t   p r a c t i c e .   T h e r e   a r e   m a n y   s c e n a r i o s   w h e r e   m u l t i p l e   l a b e l s   s h o u l d   b e   u s e d   t o   d i s t i n g u i s h   r e s o u r c e   s e t s   f r o m   o n e   a n o t h e r .   F o r   i n s t a n c e ,   d i f f e r e n t   a p p l i c a t i o n s   w o u l d   u s e   d i f f e r e n t   v a l u e s   f o r   t h e   a p p   l a b e l ,   b u t   a   m u l t i - t i e r   a p p l i c a t i o n ,   s u c h   a s   t h e   g u e s t b o o k   e x a m p l e ,   w o u l d   a d d i t i o n a l l y   n e e d   t o   d i s t i n g u i s h   e a c h   t i e r .   T h e   f r o n t e n d   c o u l d   c a r r y   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   l a b e l s :   l a b e l s :   a p p :   g u e s t b o o k   t i e r :   f r o n t e n d   w h i l e   t h e   R e d i s   m a s t e r   a n d   r e p l i c a   w o u l d   h a v e   d i f f e r e n t   t i e r   l a b e l s ,   a n d   p e r h a p s   e v e n   a n   a d d i t i o n a l   r o l e   l a b e l :   l a b e l s :   a p p :   g u e s t b o o k   t i e r :   b a c k e n d   r o l e :   m a s t e r   a n d   l a b e l s :   a p p :   g u e s t b o o k   t i e r :   b a c k e n d   r o l e :   r e p l i c a   T h e   l a b e l s   a l l o w   f o r   s l i c i n g   a n d   d i c i n g   t h e   r e s o u r c e s   a l o n g   a n y   d i m e n s i o n   s p e c i f i e d   b y   a   l a b e l :   k u b e c t l   a p p l y   - f   e x a m p l e s / g u e s t b o o k / a l l - i n - o n e / g u e s t b o o k - a l l - i n - o n e . y a m l   k u b e c t l   g e t   p o d s   - L a p p   - L t i e r   - L r o l e   N A M E   R E A D Y   S T A T U S   R E S T A R T S   A G E   A P P   T I E R   R O L E   g u e s t b o o k - f e - 4 n l p b   1 / 1   R u n n i n g   0   1 m   g u e s t b o o k   f r o n t e n d


Question: What is Updating labels?

Answer: S o m e t i m e s   y o u   m a y   w a n t   t o   r e l a b e l   e x i s t i n g   p o d s   a n d   o t h e r   r e s o u r c e s   b e f o r e   c r e a t i n g   n e w   r e s o u r c e s .   T h i s   c a n   b e   d o n e   w i t h   k u b e c t l   l a b e l .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   i f   y o u   w a n t   t o   l a b e l   a l l   y o u r   N G I N X   P o d s   a s   f r o n t e n d   t i e r ,   r u n :   k u b e c t l   l a b e l   p o d s   - l   a p p = n g i n x   t i e r = f e   p o d / m y - n g i n x - 2 0 3 5 3 8 4 2 1 1 - j 5 f h i   l a b e l e d   p o d / m y - n g i n x - 2 0 3 5 3 8 4 2 1 1 - u 2 c 7 e   l a b e l e d   p o d / m y - n g i n x - 2 0 3 5 3 8 4 2 1 1 - u 3 t 6 x   l a b e l e d   T h i s   f i r s t   f i l t e r s   a l l   p o d s   w i t h   t h e   l a b e l   " a p p = n g i n x " ,   a n d   t h e n   l a b e l s   t h e m   w i t h   t h e   " t i e r = f e " .   T o   s e e   t h e   p o d s   y o u   l a b e l e d ,   r u n :   k u b e c t l   g e t   p o d s   - l   a p p = n g i n x   - L   t i e r   N A M E   R E A D Y   S T A T U S   R E S T A R T S   A G E   T I E R   m y - n g i n x - 2 0 3 5 3 8 4 2 1 1 - j 5 f h i   1 / 1   R u n n i n g   0   2 3 m   f e   m y - n g i n x - 2 0 3 5 3 8 4 2 1 1 - u 2 c 7 e   1 / 1   R u n n i n g   0   2 3 m   f e   m y - n g i n x - 2 0 3 5 3 8 4 2 1 1 - u 3 t 6 x   1 / 1   R u n n i n g   0   2 3 m   f e   T h i s   o u t p u t s   a l l   " a p p = n g i n x "   p o d s ,   w i t h   a n   a d d i t i o n a l   l a b e l   c o l u m n   o f   p o d s '   t i e r   ( s p e c i f i e d   w i t h   - L   o r   - - l a b e l - c o l u m n s ) .   F o r   m o r e   i n f o r m a t i o n ,   p l e a s e   s e e   k u b e c t l   l a b e l .


Question: What is What's next?

Answer: L e a r n   h o w   t o   a d d   a   l a b e l   t o   a   n o d e F i n d   W e l l - k n o w n   l a b e l s ,   A n n o t a t i o n s   a n d   T a i n t s S e e   R e c o m m e n d e d   l a b e l s E n f o r c e   P o d   S e c u r i t y   S t a n d a r d s   w i t h   N a m e s p a c e   L a b e l s R e a d   a   b l o g   o n   W r i t i n g   a   C o n t r o l l e r   f o r   P o d   L a b e l s


Question: What is Container Runtime Interface (CRI)?

Answer: Container Runtime Interface (CRI)The CRI is a plugin interface which enables the kubelet to use a wide variety of container runtimes, without having a need to recompile the cluster components.You need a working container runtime on each Node in your cluster, so that the kubelet can launch Pods and their containers.The Container Runtime Interface (CRI) is the main protocol for the communication between the kubelet and Container Runtime.The Kubernetes Container Runtime Interface (CRI) defines the main gRPC protocol for the communication between the node components kubelet and container runtime.The APIFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.23 [stable]The kubelet acts as a client when connecting to the container runtime via gRPC. The runtime and image service endpoints have to be available in the container runtime, which can be configured separately within the kubelet by using the --container-runtime-endpoint command line flag.For Kubernetes v1.26 and later, the kubelet requires that the container runtime supports the v1 CRI API. If a container runtime does not support the v1 API, the kubelet will not register the node.UpgradingWhen upgrading the Kubernetes version on a node, the kubelet restarts. If the container runtime does not support the v1 CRI API, the kubelet will fail to register and report an error. If a gRPC re-dial is required because the container runtime has been upgraded, the runtime must support the v1 CRI API for the connection to succeed. This might require a restart of the kubelet after the container runtime is correctly configured.What's nextLearn more about the CRI protocol definition


Question: How does Container Runtime Interface (CRI) work?

Answer: Container Runtime Interface (CRI)The CRI is a plugin interface which enables the kubelet to use a wide variety of container runtimes, without having a need to recompile the cluster components.You need a working container runtime on each Node in your cluster, so that the kubelet can launch Pods and their containers.The Container Runtime Interface (CRI) is the main protocol for the communication between the kubelet and Container Runtime.The Kubernetes Container Runtime Interface (CRI) defines the main gRPC protocol for the communication between the node components kubelet and container runtime.The APIFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.23 [stable]The kubelet acts as a client when connecting to the container runtime via gRPC. The runtime and image service endpoints have to be available in the container runtime, which can be configured separately within the kubelet by using the --container-runtime-endpoint command line flag.For Kubernetes v1.26 and later, the kubelet requires that the container runtime supports the v1 CRI API. If a container runtime does not support the v1 API, the kubelet will not register the node.UpgradingWhen upgrading the Kubernetes version on a node, the kubelet restarts. If the container runtime does not support the v1 CRI API, the kubelet will fail to register and report an error. If a gRPC re-dial is required because the container runtime has been upgraded, the runtime must support the v1 CRI API for the connection to succeed. This might require a restart of the kubelet after the container runtime is correctly configured.What's nextLearn more about the CRI protocol definition


Question: When would you use Container Runtime Interface (CRI)?

Answer: Container Runtime Interface (CRI)The CRI is a plugin interface which enables the kubelet to use a wide variety of container runtimes, without having a need to recompile the cluster components.You need a working container runtime on each Node in your cluster, so that the kubelet can launch Pods and their containers.The Container Runtime Interface (CRI) is the main protocol for the communication between the kubelet and Container Runtime.The Kubernetes Container Runtime Interface (CRI) defines the main gRPC protocol for the communication between the node components kubelet and container runtime.The APIFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.23 [stable]The kubelet acts as a client when connecting to the container runtime via gRPC. The runtime and image service endpoints have to be available in the container runtime, which can be configured separately within the kubelet by using the --container-runtime-endpoint command line flag.For Kubernetes v1.26 and later, the kubelet requires that the container runtime supports the v1 CRI API. If a container runtime does not support the v1 API, the kubelet will not register the node.UpgradingWhen upgrading the Kubernetes version on a node, the kubelet restarts. If the container runtime does not support the v1 CRI API, the kubelet will fail to register and report an error. If a gRPC re-dial is required because the container runtime has been upgraded, the runtime must support the v1 CRI API for the connection to succeed. This might require a restart of the kubelet after the container runtime is correctly configured.What's nextLearn more about the CRI protocol definition


Question: What are the benefits of Container Runtime Interface (CRI)?

Answer: Container Runtime Interface (CRI)The CRI is a plugin interface which enables the kubelet to use a wide variety of container runtimes, without having a need to recompile the cluster components.You need a working container runtime on each Node in your cluster, so that the kubelet can launch Pods and their containers.The Container Runtime Interface (CRI) is the main protocol for the communication between the kubelet and Container Runtime.The Kubernetes Container Runtime Interface (CRI) defines the main gRPC protocol for the communication between the node components kubelet and container runtime.The APIFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.23 [stable]The kubelet acts as a client when connecting to the container runtime via gRPC. The runtime and image service endpoints have to be available in the container runtime, which can be configured separately within the kubelet by using the --container-runtime-endpoint command line flag.For Kubernetes v1.26 and later, the kubelet requires that the container runtime supports the v1 CRI API. If a container runtime does not support the v1 API, the kubelet will not register the node.UpgradingWhen upgrading the Kubernetes version on a node, the kubelet restarts. If the container runtime does not support the v1 CRI API, the kubelet will fail to register and report an error. If a gRPC re-dial is required because the container runtime has been upgraded, the runtime must support the v1 CRI API for the connection to succeed. This might require a restart of the kubelet after the container runtime is correctly configured.What's nextLearn more about the CRI protocol definition


Question: What is Container Runtime Interface (CRI)?

Answer: T h e   C R I   i s   a   p l u g i n   i n t e r f a c e   w h i c h   e n a b l e s   t h e   k u b e l e t   t o   u s e   a   w i d e   v a r i e t y   o f   c o n t a i n e r   r u n t i m e s ,   w i t h o u t   h a v i n g   a   n e e d   t o   r e c o m p i l e   t h e   c l u s t e r   c o m p o n e n t s .   Y o u   n e e d   a   w o r k i n g   c o n t a i n e r   r u n t i m e   o n   e a c h   N o d e   i n   y o u r   c l u s t e r ,   s o   t h a t   t h e   k u b e l e t   c a n   l a u n c h   P o d s   a n d   t h e i r   c o n t a i n e r s .   T h e   C o n t a i n e r   R u n t i m e   I n t e r f a c e   ( C R I )   i s   t h e   m a i n   p r o t o c o l   f o r   t h e   c o m m u n i c a t i o n   b e t w e e n   t h e   k u b e l e t   a n d   C o n t a i n e r   R u n t i m e .   T h e   C o n t a i n e r   R u n t i m e   I n t e r f a c e   ( C R I )   i s   t h e   m a i n   p r o t o c o l   f o r   t h e   c o m m u n i c a t i o n   b e t w e e n   t h e   k u b e l e t   a n d   C o n t a i n e r   R u n t i m e .   T h e   K u b e r n e t e s   C o n t a i n e r   R u n t i m e   I n t e r f a c e   ( C R I )   d e f i n e s   t h e   m a i n   g R P C   p r o t o c o l   f o r   t h e   c o m m u n i c a t i o n   b e t w e e n   t h e   n o d e   c o m p o n e n t s   k u b e l e t   a n d   c o n t a i n e r   r u n t i m e .


Question: What is The API?

Answer: T h e   k u b e l e t   a c t s   a s   a   c l i e n t   w h e n   c o n n e c t i n g   t o   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   r u n t i m e   v i a   g R P C .   T h e   r u n t i m e   a n d   i m a g e   s e r v i c e   e n d p o i n t s   h a v e   t o   b e   a v a i l a b l e   i n   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   r u n t i m e ,   w h i c h   c a n   b e   c o n f i g u r e d   s e p a r a t e l y   w i t h i n   t h e   k u b e l e t   b y   u s i n g   t h e   - - c o n t a i n e r - r u n t i m e - e n d p o i n t   c o m m a n d   l i n e   f l a g .   F o r   K u b e r n e t e s   v 1 . 2 6   a n d   l a t e r ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   r e q u i r e s   t h a t   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   r u n t i m e   s u p p o r t s   t h e   v 1   C R I   A P I .   I f   a   c o n t a i n e r   r u n t i m e   d o e s   n o t   s u p p o r t   t h e   v 1   A P I ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   w i l l   n o t   r e g i s t e r   t h e   n o d e .


Question: What is Upgrading?

Answer: W h e n   u p g r a d i n g   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   v e r s i o n   o n   a   n o d e ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   r e s t a r t s .   I f   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   r u n t i m e   d o e s   n o t   s u p p o r t   t h e   v 1   C R I   A P I ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   w i l l   f a i l   t o   r e g i s t e r   a n d   r e p o r t   a n   e r r o r .   I f   a   g R P C   r e - d i a l   i s   r e q u i r e d   b e c a u s e   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   r u n t i m e   h a s   b e e n   u p g r a d e d ,   t h e   r u n t i m e   m u s t   s u p p o r t   t h e   v 1   C R I   A P I   f o r   t h e   c o n n e c t i o n   t o   s u c c e e d .   T h i s   m i g h t   r e q u i r e   a   r e s t a r t   o f   t h e   k u b e l e t   a f t e r   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   r u n t i m e   i s   c o r r e c t l y   c o n f i g u r e d .


Question: What is What's next?

Answer: L e a r n   m o r e   a b o u t   t h e   C R I   p r o t o c o l   d e f i n i t i o n


Question: What is Reference?

Answer: This is the multi-page printable view of this section. Click here to print.Return to the regular view of this page.Reference1: Glossary2: API Overview2.1: Declarative API Validation2.2: Kubernetes API Concepts2.3: Server-Side Apply2.4: Client Libraries2.5: Common Expression Language in Kubernetes2.6: Kubernetes Deprecation Policy2.7: Deprecated API Migration Guide2.8: Kubernetes API health endpoints3: API Access Control3.1: Authenticating3.2: Authenticating with Bootstrap Tokens3.3: Authorization3.4: Using RBAC Authorization3.5: Using Node Authorization3.6: Webhook Mode3.7: Using ABAC Authorization3.8: Admission Control in Kubernetes3.9: Dynamic Admission Control3.10: Managing Service Accounts3.11: Certificates and Certificate Signing Requests3.12: Mapping PodSecurityPolicies to Pod Security Standards3.13: Kubelet authentication/authorization3.14: TLS bootstrapping3.15: Mutating Admission Policy3.16: Validating Admission Policy4: Well-Known Labels, Annotations and Taints4.1: Audit Annotations5: Kubernetes API5.1: Workload Resources5.1.1: Pod5.1.2: Binding5.1.3: PodTemplate5.1.4: ReplicationController5.1.5: ReplicaSet5.1.6: Deployment5.1.7: StatefulSet5.1.8: ControllerRevision5.1.9: DaemonSet5.1.10: Job5.1.11: CronJob5.1.12: HorizontalPodAutoscaler5.1.13: HorizontalPodAutoscaler5.1.14: PriorityClass5.1.15: DeviceTaintRule v1alpha35.1.16: ResourceClaim5.1.17: ResourceClaimTemplate5.1.18: ResourceSlice5.2: Service Resources5.2.1: Service5.2.2: Endpoints5.2.3: EndpointSlice5.2.4: Ingress5.2.5: IngressClass5.3: Config and Storage Resources5.3.1: ConfigMap5.3.2: Secret5.3.3: CSIDriver5.3.4: CSINode5.3.5: CSIStorageCapacity5.3.6: PersistentVolumeClaim5.3.7: PersistentVolume5.3.8: StorageClass5.3.9: StorageVersionMigration v1alpha15.3.10: Volume5.3.11: VolumeAttachment5.3.12: VolumeAttributesClass5.4: Authentication Resources5.4.1: ServiceAccount5.4.2: TokenRequest5.4.3: TokenReview5.4.4: CertificateSigningRequest5.4.5: ClusterTrustBundle v1beta15.4.6: SelfSubjectReview5.4.7: PodCertificateRequest v1alpha15.5: Authorization Resources5.5.1: LocalSubjectAccessReview5.5.2: SelfSubjectAccessReview5.5.3: SelfSubjectRulesReview5.5.4: SubjectAccessReview5.5.5: ClusterRole5.5.6: ClusterRoleBinding5.5.7: Role5.5.8: RoleBinding5.6: Policy Resources5.6.1: FlowSchema5.6.2: LimitRange5.6.3: ResourceQuota5.6.4: NetworkPolicy5.6.5: PodDisruptionBudget5.6.6: PriorityLevelConfiguration5.6.7: ValidatingAdmissionPolicy5.6.8: ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding5.6.9: MutatingAdmissionPolicy v1beta15.6.10: MutatingAdmissionPolicyBinding v1alpha15.7: Extend Resources5.7.1: CustomResourceDefinition5.7.2: DeviceClass5.7.3: MutatingWebhookConfiguration5.7.4: ValidatingWebhookConfiguration5.8: Cluster Resources5.8.1: APIService5.8.2: ComponentStatus5.8.3: Event5.8.4: IPAddress5.8.5: Lease5.8.6: LeaseCandidate v1beta15.8.7: Namespace5.8.8: Node5.8.9: RuntimeClass5.8.10: ServiceCIDR5.9: Common Definitions5.9.1: DeleteOptions5.9.2: LabelSelector5.9.3: ListMeta5.9.4: LocalObjectReferenc


Question: How does Reference work?

Answer: This is the multi-page printable view of this section. Click here to print.Return to the regular view of this page.Reference1: Glossary2: API Overview2.1: Declarative API Validation2.2: Kubernetes API Concepts2.3: Server-Side Apply2.4: Client Libraries2.5: Common Expression Language in Kubernetes2.6: Kubernetes Deprecation Policy2.7: Deprecated API Migration Guide2.8: Kubernetes API health endpoints3: API Access Control3.1: Authenticating3.2: Authenticating with Bootstrap Tokens3.3: Authorization3.4: Using RBAC Authorization3.5: Using Node Authorization3.6: Webhook Mode3.7: Using ABAC Authorization3.8: Admission Control in Kubernetes3.9: Dynamic Admission Control3.10: Managing Service Accounts3.11: Certificates and Certificate Signing Requests3.12: Mapping PodSecurityPolicies to Pod Security Standards3.13: Kubelet authentication/authorization3.14: TLS bootstrapping3.15: Mutating Admission Policy3.16: Validating Admission Policy4: Well-Known Labels, Annotations and Taints4.1: Audit Annotations5: Kubernetes API5.1: Workload Resources5.1.1: Pod5.1.2: Binding5.1.3: PodTemplate5.1.4: ReplicationController5.1.5: ReplicaSet5.1.6: Deployment5.1.7: StatefulSet5.1.8: ControllerRevision5.1.9: DaemonSet5.1.10: Job5.1.11: CronJob5.1.12: HorizontalPodAutoscaler5.1.13: HorizontalPodAutoscaler5.1.14: PriorityClass5.1.15: DeviceTaintRule v1alpha35.1.16: ResourceClaim5.1.17: ResourceClaimTemplate5.1.18: ResourceSlice5.2: Service Resources5.2.1: Service5.2.2: Endpoints5.2.3: EndpointSlice5.2.4: Ingress5.2.5: IngressClass5.3: Config and Storage Resources5.3.1: ConfigMap5.3.2: Secret5.3.3: CSIDriver5.3.4: CSINode5.3.5: CSIStorageCapacity5.3.6: PersistentVolumeClaim5.3.7: PersistentVolume5.3.8: StorageClass5.3.9: StorageVersionMigration v1alpha15.3.10: Volume5.3.11: VolumeAttachment5.3.12: VolumeAttributesClass5.4: Authentication Resources5.4.1: ServiceAccount5.4.2: TokenRequest5.4.3: TokenReview5.4.4: CertificateSigningRequest5.4.5: ClusterTrustBundle v1beta15.4.6: SelfSubjectReview5.4.7: PodCertificateRequest v1alpha15.5: Authorization Resources5.5.1: LocalSubjectAccessReview5.5.2: SelfSubjectAccessReview5.5.3: SelfSubjectRulesReview5.5.4: SubjectAccessReview5.5.5: ClusterRole5.5.6: ClusterRoleBinding5.5.7: Role5.5.8: RoleBinding5.6: Policy Resources5.6.1: FlowSchema5.6.2: LimitRange5.6.3: ResourceQuota5.6.4: NetworkPolicy5.6.5: PodDisruptionBudget5.6.6: PriorityLevelConfiguration5.6.7: ValidatingAdmissionPolicy5.6.8: ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding5.6.9: MutatingAdmissionPolicy v1beta15.6.10: MutatingAdmissionPolicyBinding v1alpha15.7: Extend Resources5.7.1: CustomResourceDefinition5.7.2: DeviceClass5.7.3: MutatingWebhookConfiguration5.7.4: ValidatingWebhookConfiguration5.8: Cluster Resources5.8.1: APIService5.8.2: ComponentStatus5.8.3: Event5.8.4: IPAddress5.8.5: Lease5.8.6: LeaseCandidate v1beta15.8.7: Namespace5.8.8: Node5.8.9: RuntimeClass5.8.10: ServiceCIDR5.9: Common Definitions5.9.1: DeleteOptions5.9.2: LabelSelector5.9.3: ListMeta5.9.4: LocalObjectReferenc


Question: When would you use Reference?

Answer: This is the multi-page printable view of this section. Click here to print.Return to the regular view of this page.Reference1: Glossary2: API Overview2.1: Declarative API Validation2.2: Kubernetes API Concepts2.3: Server-Side Apply2.4: Client Libraries2.5: Common Expression Language in Kubernetes2.6: Kubernetes Deprecation Policy2.7: Deprecated API Migration Guide2.8: Kubernetes API health endpoints3: API Access Control3.1: Authenticating3.2: Authenticating with Bootstrap Tokens3.3: Authorization3.4: Using RBAC Authorization3.5: Using Node Authorization3.6: Webhook Mode3.7: Using ABAC Authorization3.8: Admission Control in Kubernetes3.9: Dynamic Admission Control3.10: Managing Service Accounts3.11: Certificates and Certificate Signing Requests3.12: Mapping PodSecurityPolicies to Pod Security Standards3.13: Kubelet authentication/authorization3.14: TLS bootstrapping3.15: Mutating Admission Policy3.16: Validating Admission Policy4: Well-Known Labels, Annotations and Taints4.1: Audit Annotations5: Kubernetes API5.1: Workload Resources5.1.1: Pod5.1.2: Binding5.1.3: PodTemplate5.1.4: ReplicationController5.1.5: ReplicaSet5.1.6: Deployment5.1.7: StatefulSet5.1.8: ControllerRevision5.1.9: DaemonSet5.1.10: Job5.1.11: CronJob5.1.12: HorizontalPodAutoscaler5.1.13: HorizontalPodAutoscaler5.1.14: PriorityClass5.1.15: DeviceTaintRule v1alpha35.1.16: ResourceClaim5.1.17: ResourceClaimTemplate5.1.18: ResourceSlice5.2: Service Resources5.2.1: Service5.2.2: Endpoints5.2.3: EndpointSlice5.2.4: Ingress5.2.5: IngressClass5.3: Config and Storage Resources5.3.1: ConfigMap5.3.2: Secret5.3.3: CSIDriver5.3.4: CSINode5.3.5: CSIStorageCapacity5.3.6: PersistentVolumeClaim5.3.7: PersistentVolume5.3.8: StorageClass5.3.9: StorageVersionMigration v1alpha15.3.10: Volume5.3.11: VolumeAttachment5.3.12: VolumeAttributesClass5.4: Authentication Resources5.4.1: ServiceAccount5.4.2: TokenRequest5.4.3: TokenReview5.4.4: CertificateSigningRequest5.4.5: ClusterTrustBundle v1beta15.4.6: SelfSubjectReview5.4.7: PodCertificateRequest v1alpha15.5: Authorization Resources5.5.1: LocalSubjectAccessReview5.5.2: SelfSubjectAccessReview5.5.3: SelfSubjectRulesReview5.5.4: SubjectAccessReview5.5.5: ClusterRole5.5.6: ClusterRoleBinding5.5.7: Role5.5.8: RoleBinding5.6: Policy Resources5.6.1: FlowSchema5.6.2: LimitRange5.6.3: ResourceQuota5.6.4: NetworkPolicy5.6.5: PodDisruptionBudget5.6.6: PriorityLevelConfiguration5.6.7: ValidatingAdmissionPolicy5.6.8: ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding5.6.9: MutatingAdmissionPolicy v1beta15.6.10: MutatingAdmissionPolicyBinding v1alpha15.7: Extend Resources5.7.1: CustomResourceDefinition5.7.2: DeviceClass5.7.3: MutatingWebhookConfiguration5.7.4: ValidatingWebhookConfiguration5.8: Cluster Resources5.8.1: APIService5.8.2: ComponentStatus5.8.3: Event5.8.4: IPAddress5.8.5: Lease5.8.6: LeaseCandidate v1beta15.8.7: Namespace5.8.8: Node5.8.9: RuntimeClass5.8.10: ServiceCIDR5.9: Common Definitions5.9.1: DeleteOptions5.9.2: LabelSelector5.9.3: ListMeta5.9.4: LocalObjectReferenc