Question: What is Note:?

Answer: I n   t h i s   m o d e ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   d o e s   n o t   t r a c k   o p e n   f i l e   d e s c r i p t o r s   f o r   d e l e t e d   f i l e s .   I f   y o u   ( o r   a   c o n t a i n e r )   c r e a t e   a   f i l e   i n s i d e   a n   e m p t y D i r   v o l u m e ,   s o m e t h i n g   t h e n   o p e n s   t h a t   f i l e ,   a n d   y o u   d e l e t e   t h e   f i l e   w h i l e   i t   i s   s t i l l   o p e n ,   t h e n   t h e   i n o d e   f o r   t h e   d e l e t e d   f i l e   s t a y s   u n t i l   y o u   c l o s e   t h a t   f i l e   b u t   t h e   k u b e l e t   d o e s   n o t   c a t e g o r i z e   t h e   s p a c e   a s   i n   u s e .   F E A T U R E   S T A T E :   K u b e r n e t e s   v 1 . 3 1   [ b e t a ]   ( e n a b l e d   b y   d e f a u l t :   f a l s e ) P r o j e c t   q u o t a s   a r e   a n   o p e r a t i n g - s y s t e m   l e v e l   f e a t u r e   f o r   m a n a g i n g   s t o r a g e   u s e   o n   f i l e s y s t e m s .   W i t h   K u b e r n e t e s ,   y o u   c a n   e n a b l e   p r o j e c t   q u o t a s   f o r   m o n i t o r i n g   s t o r a g e   u s e .   M a k e   s u r e   t h a t   t h e   f i l e s y s t e m   b a c k i n g   t h e   e m p t y D i r   v o l u m e s ,   o n   t h e   n o d e ,   p r o v i d e s   p r o j e c t   q u o t a   s u p p o r t .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   X F S   a n d   e x t 4 f s   o f f e r   p r o j e c t   q u o t a s . N o t e : P r o j e c t   q u o t a s   l e t   y o u   m o n i t o r   s t o r a g e   u s e ;   t h e y   d o   n o t   e n f o r c e   l i m i t s . K u b e r n e t e s   u s e s   p r o j e c t   I D s   s t a r t i n g   f r o m   1 0 4 8 5 7 6 .   T h e   I D s   i n   u s e   a r e   r e g i s t e r e d   i n   / e t c / p r o j e c t s   a n d   / e t c / p r o j i d .   I f   p r o j e c t   I D s   i n   t h i s   r a n g e   a r e   u s e d   f o r   o t h e r   p u r p o s e s   o n   t h e   s y s t


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: K u b e r n e t e s   u s e s   p r o j e c t   I D s   s t a r t i n g   f r o m   1 0 4 8 5 7 6 .   T h e   I D s   i n   u s e   a r e   r e g i s t e r e d   i n   / e t c / p r o j e c t s   a n d   / e t c / p r o j i d .   I f   p r o j e c t   I D s   i n   t h i s   r a n g e   a r e   u s e d   f o r   o t h e r   p u r p o s e s   o n   t h e   s y s t e m ,   t h o s e   p r o j e c t   I D s   m u s t   b e   r e g i s t e r e d   i n   / e t c / p r o j e c t s   a n d   / e t c / p r o j i d   s o   t h a t   K u b e r n e t e s   d o e s   n o t   u s e   t h e m .   Q u o t a s   a r e   f a s t e r   a n d   m o r e   a c c u r a t e   t h a n   d i r e c t o r y   s c a n n i n g .   W h e n   a   d i r e c t o r y   i s   a s s i g n e d   t o   a   p r o j e c t ,   a l l   f i l e s   c r e a t e d   u n d e r   a   d i r e c t o r y   a r e   c r e a t e d   i n   t h a t   p r o j e c t ,   a n d   t h e   k e r n e l   m e r e l y   h a s   t o   k e e p   t r a c k   o f   h o w   m a n y   b l o c k s   a r e   i n   u s e   b y   f i l e s   i n   t h a t   p r o j e c t .   I f   a   f i l e   i s   c r e a t e d   a n d   d e l e t e d ,   b u t   h a s   a n   o p e n   f i l e   d e s c r i p t o r ,   i t   c o n t i n u e s   t o   c o n s u m e   s p a c e .   Q u o t a   t r a c k i n g   r e c o r d s   t h a t   s p a c e   a c c u r a t e l y   w h e r e a s   d i r e c t o r y   s c a n s   o v e r l o o k   t h e   s t o r a g e   u s e d   b y   d e l e t e d   f i l e s .   T o   u s e   q u o t a s   t o   t r a c k   a   p o d ' s   r e s o u r c e   u s a g e ,   t h e   p o d   m u s t   b e   i n   a   u s e r   n a m e s p a c e .   W i t h i n   u s e r   n a m e s p a c e s ,   t h e   k e r n e l   r e s t r i c t s   c h a n g e s   t o   p r o j e c t I D s   o n   t h e   f i l e s y s t e m ,   e n s u r i n g   t h e   r e l i a b i l i t y   o f   s t o r a g e   m e t r i c s   c a l c u l a t e d   b y   q


Question: What is Extended resources?

Answer: E x t e n d e d   r e s o u r c e s   a r e   f u l l y - q u a l i f i e d   r e s o u r c e   n a m e s   o u t s i d e   t h e   k u b e r n e t e s . i o   d o m a i n .   T h e y   a l l o w   c l u s t e r   o p e r a t o r s   t o   a d v e r t i s e   a n d   u s e r s   t o   c o n s u m e   t h e   n o n - K u b e r n e t e s - b u i l t - i n   r e s o u r c e s .   T h e r e   a r e   t w o   s t e p s   r e q u i r e d   t o   u s e   E x t e n d e d   R e s o u r c e s .   F i r s t ,   t h e   c l u s t e r   o p e r a t o r   m u s t   a d v e r t i s e   a n   E x t e n d e d   R e s o u r c e .   S e c o n d ,   u s e r s   m u s t   r e q u e s t   t h e   E x t e n d e d   R e s o u r c e   i n   P o d s .


Question: What is Node-level extended resources?

Answer: N o d e - l e v e l   e x t e n d e d   r e s o u r c e s   a r e   t i e d   t o   n o d e s .


Question: What is Device plugin managed resources?

Answer: S e e   D e v i c e   P l u g i n   f o r   h o w   t o   a d v e r t i s e   d e v i c e   p l u g i n   m a n a g e d   r e s o u r c e s   o n   e a c h   n o d e .


Question: What is Other resources?

Answer: T o   a d v e r t i s e   a   n e w   n o d e - l e v e l   e x t e n d e d   r e s o u r c e ,   t h e   c l u s t e r   o p e r a t o r   c a n   s u b m i t   a   P A T C H   H T T P   r e q u e s t   t o   t h e   A P I   s e r v e r   t o   s p e c i f y   t h e   a v a i l a b l e   q u a n t i t y   i n   t h e   s t a t u s . c a p a c i t y   f o r   a   n o d e   i n   t h e   c l u s t e r .   A f t e r   t h i s   o p e r a t i o n ,   t h e   n o d e ' s   s t a t u s . c a p a c i t y   w i l l   i n c l u d e   a   n e w   r e s o u r c e .   T h e   s t a t u s . a l l o c a t a b l e   f i e l d   i s   u p d a t e d   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   w i t h   t h e   n e w   r e s o u r c e   a s y n c h r o n o u s l y   b y   t h e   k u b e l e t .   B e c a u s e   t h e   s c h e d u l e r   u s e s   t h e   n o d e ' s   s t a t u s . a l l o c a t a b l e   v a l u e   w h e n   e v a l u a t i n g   P o d   f i t n e s s ,   t h e   s c h e d u l e r   o n l y   t a k e s   a c c o u n t   o f   t h e   n e w   v a l u e   a f t e r   t h a t   a s y n c h r o n o u s   u p d a t e .   T h e r e   m a y   b e   a   s h o r t   d e l a y   b e t w e e n   p a t c h i n g   t h e   n o d e   c a p a c i t y   w i t h   a   n e w   r e s o u r c e   a n d   t h e   t i m e   w h e n   t h e   f i r s t   P o d   t h a t   r e q u e s t s   t h e   r e s o u r c e   c a n   b e   s c h e d u l e d   o n   t h a t   n o d e .   E x a m p l e :   H e r e   i s   a n   e x a m p l e   s h o w i n g   h o w   t o   u s e   c u r l   t o   f o r m   a n   H T T P   r e q u e s t   t h a t   a d v e r t i s e s   f i v e   " e x a m p l e . c o m / f o o "   r e s o u r c e s   o n   n o d e   k 8 s - n o d e - 1   w h o s e   m a s t e r   i s   k 8 s - m a s t e r .   c u r l   - - h e a d e r   " C o n t e n t - T y p e :   a p p l i c a t i o n / j s o n - p a t c h + j s o n "   \   - - r e q u e s t   P A T C H   \   - - d a t a   ' [ { " o p " :


Question: What is Cluster-level extended resources?

Answer: C l u s t e r - l e v e l   e x t e n d e d   r e s o u r c e s   a r e   n o t   t i e d   t o   n o d e s .   T h e y   a r e   u s u a l l y   m a n a g e d   b y   s c h e d u l e r   e x t e n d e r s ,   w h i c h   h a n d l e   t h e   r e s o u r c e   c o n s u m p t i o n   a n d   r e s o u r c e   q u o t a .   Y o u   c a n   s p e c i f y   t h e   e x t e n d e d   r e s o u r c e s   t h a t   a r e   h a n d l e d   b y   s c h e d u l e r   e x t e n d e r s   i n   s c h e d u l e r   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   E x a m p l e :   T h e   f o l l o w i n g   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   f o r   a   s c h e d u l e r   p o l i c y   i n d i c a t e s   t h a t   t h e   c l u s t e r - l e v e l   e x t e n d e d   r e s o u r c e   " e x a m p l e . c o m / f o o "   i s   h a n d l e d   b y   t h e   s c h e d u l e r   e x t e n d e r .   T h e   s c h e d u l e r   s e n d s   a   P o d   t o   t h e   s c h e d u l e r   e x t e n d e r   o n l y   i f   t h e   P o d   r e q u e s t s   " e x a m p l e . c o m / f o o " . T h e   i g n o r e d B y S c h e d u l e r   f i e l d   s p e c i f i e s   t h a t   t h e   s c h e d u l e r   d o e s   n o t   c h e c k   t h e   " e x a m p l e . c o m / f o o "   r e s o u r c e   i n   i t s   P o d F i t s R e s o u r c e s   p r e d i c a t e .   {   " k i n d " :   " P o l i c y " ,   " a p i V e r s i o n " :   " v 1 " ,   " e x t e n d e r s " :   [   {   " u r l P r e f i x " : " < e x t e n d e r - e n d p o i n t > " ,   " b i n d V e r b " :   " b i n d " ,   " m a n a g e d R e s o u r c e s " :   [   {   " n a m e " :   " e x a m p l e . c o m / f o o " ,   " i g n o r e d B y S c h e d u l e r " :   t r u e   }   ]   }   ]   }


Question: What is Extended resources allocation by DRA?

Answer: E x t e n d e d   r e s o u r c e s   a l l o c a t i o n   b y   D R A   a l l o w s   c l u s t e r   a d m i n i s t r a t o r s   t o   s p e c i f y   a n   e x t e n d e d R e s o u r c e N a m e   i n   D e v i c e C l a s s ,   t h e n   t h e   d e v i c e s   m a t c h i n g   t h e   D e v i c e C l a s s   c a n   b e   r e q u e s t e d   f r o m   a   p o d ' s   e x t e n d e d   r e s o u r c e   r e q u e s t s .   R e a d   m o r e   a b o u t   E x t e n d e d   R e s o u r c e   a l l o c a t i o n   b y   D R A .


Question: What is Consuming extended resources?

Answer: U s e r s   c a n   c o n s u m e   e x t e n d e d   r e s o u r c e s   i n   P o d   s p e c s   l i k e   C P U   a n d   m e m o r y .   T h e   s c h e d u l e r   t a k e s   c a r e   o f   t h e   r e s o u r c e   a c c o u n t i n g   s o   t h a t   n o   m o r e   t h a n   t h e   a v a i l a b l e   a m o u n t   i s   s i m u l t a n e o u s l y   a l l o c a t e d   t o   P o d s .   T h e   A P I   s e r v e r   r e s t r i c t s   q u a n t i t i e s   o f   e x t e n d e d   r e s o u r c e s   t o   w h o l e   n u m b e r s .   E x a m p l e s   o f   v a l i d   q u a n t i t i e s   a r e   3 ,   3 0 0 0 m   a n d   3 K i .   E x a m p l e s   o f   i n v a l i d   q u a n t i t i e s   a r e   0 . 5   a n d   1 5 0 0 m   ( b e c a u s e   1 5 0 0 m   w o u l d   r e s u l t   i n   1 . 5 ) .


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: T o   c o n s u m e   a n   e x t e n d e d   r e s o u r c e   i n   a   P o d ,   i n c l u d e   t h e   r e s o u r c e   n a m e   a s   a   k e y   i n   t h e   s p e c . c o n t a i n e r s [ ] . r e s o u r c e s . l i m i t s   m a p   i n   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   s p e c .


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: A   P o d   i s   s c h e d u l e d   o n l y   i f   a l l   o f   t h e   r e s o u r c e   r e q u e s t s   a r e   s a t i s f i e d ,   i n c l u d i n g   C P U ,   m e m o r y   a n d   a n y   e x t e n d e d   r e s o u r c e s .   T h e   P o d   r e m a i n s   i n   t h e   P E N D I N G   s t a t e   a s   l o n g   a s   t h e   r e s o u r c e   r e q u e s t   c a n n o t   b e   s a t i s f i e d .   E x a m p l e :   T h e   P o d   b e l o w   r e q u e s t s   2   C P U s   a n d   1   " e x a m p l e . c o m / f o o "   ( a n   e x t e n d e d   r e s o u r c e ) .   a p i V e r s i o n :   v 1   k i n d :   P o d   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   m y - p o d   s p e c :   c o n t a i n e r s :   -   n a m e :   m y - c o n t a i n e r   i m a g e :   m y i m a g e   r e s o u r c e s :   r e q u e s t s :   c p u :   2   e x a m p l e . c o m / f o o :   1   l i m i t s :   e x a m p l e . c o m / f o o :   1


Question: What is PID limiting?

Answer: P r o c e s s   I D   ( P I D )   l i m i t s   a l l o w   f o r   t h e   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   o f   a   k u b e l e t   t o   l i m i t   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   P I D s   t h a t   a   g i v e n   P o d   c a n   c o n s u m e .   S e e   P I D   L i m i t i n g   f o r   i n f o r m a t i o n .


Question: What is My Pods are pending with event message FailedScheduling?

Answer: I f   t h e   s c h e d u l e r   c a n n o t   f i n d   a n y   n o d e   w h e r e   a   P o d   c a n   f i t ,   t h e   P o d   r e m a i n s   u n s c h e d u l e d   u n t i l   a   p l a c e   c a n   b e   f o u n d .   A n   E v e n t   i s   p r o d u c e d   e a c h   t i m e   t h e   s c h e d u l e r   f a i l s   t o   f i n d   a   p l a c e   f o r   t h e   P o d .   Y o u   c a n   u s e   k u b e c t l   t o   v i e w   t h e   e v e n t s   f o r   a   P o d ;   f o r   e x a m p l e :   k u b e c t l   d e s c r i b e   p o d   f r o n t e n d   |   g r e p   - A   9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9   E v e n t s   E v e n t s :   T y p e   R e a s o n   A g e   F r o m   M e s s a g e   - - - -   - - - - - -   - - - -   - - - -   - - - - - - -   W a r n i n g   F a i l e d S c h e d u l i n g   2 3 s   d e f a u l t - s c h e d u l e r   0 / 4 2   n o d e s   a v a i l a b l e :   i n s u f f i c i e n t   c p u   I n   t h e   p r e c e d i n g   e x a m p l e ,   t h e   P o d   n a m e d   " f r o n t e n d "   f a i l s   t o   b e   s c h e d u l e d   d u e   t o   i n s u f f i c i e n t   C P U   r e s o u r c e   o n   a n y   n o d e .   S i m i l a r   e r r o r   m e s s a g e s   c a n   a l s o   s u g g e s t   f a i l u r e   d u e   t o   i n s u f f i c i e n t   m e m o r y   ( P o d E x c e e d s F r e e M e m o r y ) .   I n   g e n e r a l ,   i f   a   P o d   i s   p e n d i n g   w i t h   a   m e s s a g e   o f   t h i s   t y p e ,   t h e r e   a r e   s e v e r a l   t h i n g s   t o   t r y :   A d d   m o r e   n o d e s   t o   t h e   c l u s t e r . T e r m i n a t e   u n n e e d e d   P o d s   t o   m a k e   r o o m   f o r   p e n d i n g   P o d s . C h e c k   t h a t   t h e   P o d   i s   n o t   l a r g e r   t h a n   a l l   t h e   n o d e s .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   i f   a l l   t h e   n o d e s   h a v e   a   c a p a c i t y   o f   c p u :   1 ,   t h e n   a   P o d   w i t h   a   r e q u e s t


Question: What is My container is terminated?

Answer: Y o u r   c o n t a i n e r   m i g h t   g e t   t e r m i n a t e d   b e c a u s e   i t   i s   r e s o u r c e - s t a r v e d .   T o   c h e c k   w h e t h e r   a   c o n t a i n e r   i s   b e i n g   k i l l e d   b e c a u s e   i t   i s   h i t t i n g   a   r e s o u r c e   l i m i t ,   c a l l   k u b e c t l   d e s c r i b e   p o d   o n   t h e   P o d   o f   i n t e r e s t :   k u b e c t l   d e s c r i b e   p o d   s i m m e m l e a k - h r a 9 9   T h e   o u t p u t   i s   s i m i l a r   t o :   N a m e :   s i m m e m l e a k - h r a 9 9   N a m e s p a c e :   d e f a u l t   I m a g e ( s ) :   s a a d a l i / s i m m e m l e a k   N o d e :   k u b e r n e t e s - n o d e - t f 0 f / 1 0 . 2 4 0 . 2 1 6 . 6 6   L a b e l s :   n a m e = s i m m e m l e a k   S t a t u s :   R u n n i n g   R e a s o n :   M e s s a g e :   I P :   1 0 . 2 4 4 . 2 . 7 5   C o n t a i n e r s :   s i m m e m l e a k :   I m a g e :   s a a d a l i / s i m m e m l e a k : l a t e s t   L i m i t s :   c p u :   1 0 0 m   m e m o r y :   5 0 M i   S t a t e :   R u n n i n g   S t a r t e d :   T u e ,   0 7   J u l   2 0 1 9   1 2 : 5 4 : 4 1   - 0 7 0 0   L a s t   S t a t e :   T e r m i n a t e d   R e a s o n :   O O M K i l l e d   E x i t   C o d e :   1 3 7   S t a r t e d :   F r i ,   0 7   J u l   2 0 1 9   1 2 : 5 4 : 3 0   - 0 7 0 0   F i n i s h e d :   F r i ,   0 7   J u l   2 0 1 9   1 2 : 5 4 : 3 3   - 0 7 0 0   R e a d y :   F a l s e   R e s t a r t   C o u n t :   5   C o n d i t i o n s :   T y p e   S t a t u s   R e a d y   F a l s e   E v e n t s :   T y p e   R e a s o n   A g e   F r o m   M e s s a g e   - - - -   - - - - - -   - - - -   - - - -   - - - - - - -   N o r m a l   S c h e d u l e d   4 2 s   d e f a u l t - s c h e d u l e r   S u c c e s s f u l l y   a s s i g n e d   s i m m e m l e a k - h r a 9 9   t o   k u b e r n e t e s - n o d e - t f 0 f   N o r m a l   P u l l e d   4 1 s   k u b e l e t   C o n t


Question: What is What's next?

Answer: G e t   h a n d s - o n   e x p e r i e n c e   a s s i g n i n g   M e m o r y   r e s o u r c e s   t o   c o n t a i n e r s   a n d   P o d s . G e t   h a n d s - o n   e x p e r i e n c e   a s s i g n i n g   C P U   r e s o u r c e s   t o   c o n t a i n e r s   a n d   P o d s . R e a d   h o w   t h e   A P I   r e f e r e n c e   d e f i n e s   a   c o n t a i n e r   a n d   i t s   r e s o u r c e   r e q u i r e m e n t s R e a d   a b o u t   p r o j e c t   q u o t a s   i n   X F S R e a d   m o r e   a b o u t   t h e   k u b e - s c h e d u l e r   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   r e f e r e n c e   ( v 1 ) R e a d   m o r e   a b o u t   Q u a l i t y   o f   S e r v i c e   c l a s s e s   f o r   P o d s R e a d   m o r e   a b o u t   E x t e n d e d   R e s o u r c e   a l l o c a t i o n   b y   D R A


Question: What is 6 - Organizing Cluster Access Using kubeconfig Files?

Answer: U s e   k u b e c o n f i g   f i l e s   t o   o r g a n i z e   i n f o r m a t i o n   a b o u t   c l u s t e r s ,   u s e r s ,   n a m e s p a c e s ,   a n d   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   m e c h a n i s m s .   T h e   k u b e c t l   c o m m a n d - l i n e   t o o l   u s e s   k u b e c o n f i g   f i l e s   t o   f i n d   t h e   i n f o r m a t i o n   i t   n e e d s   t o   c h o o s e   a   c l u s t e r   a n d   c o m m u n i c a t e   w i t h   t h e   A P I   s e r v e r   o f   a   c l u s t e r .


Question: What is Warning:?

Answer: B y   d e f a u l t ,   k u b e c t l   l o o k s   f o r   a   f i l e   n a m e d   c o n f i g   i n   t h e   $ H O M E / . k u b e   d i r e c t o r y .   Y o u   c a n   s p e c i f y   o t h e r   k u b e c o n f i g   f i l e s   b y   s e t t i n g   t h e   K U B E C O N F I G   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e   o r   b y   s e t t i n g   t h e   - - k u b e c o n f i g   f l a g .   F o r   s t e p - b y - s t e p   i n s t r u c t i o n s   o n   c r e a t i n g   a n d   s p e c i f y i n g   k u b e c o n f i g   f i l e s ,   s e e   C o n f i g u r e   A c c e s s   t o   M u l t i p l e   C l u s t e r s .


Question: What is Supporting multiple clusters, users, and authentication mechanisms?

Answer: S u p p o s e   y o u   h a v e   s e v e r a l   c l u s t e r s ,   a n d   y o u r   u s e r s   a n d   c o m p o n e n t s   a u t h e n t i c a t e   i n   a   v a r i e t y   o f   w a y s .   F o r   e x a m p l e :   A   r u n n i n g   k u b e l e t   m i g h t   a u t h e n t i c a t e   u s i n g   c e r t i f i c a t e s . A   u s e r   m i g h t   a u t h e n t i c a t e   u s i n g   t o k e n s . A d m i n i s t r a t o r s   m i g h t   h a v e   s e t s   o f   c e r t i f i c a t e s   t h a t   t h e y   p r o v i d e   t o   i n d i v i d u a l   u s e r s .   W i t h   k u b e c o n f i g   f i l e s ,   y o u   c a n   o r g a n i z e   y o u r   c l u s t e r s ,   u s e r s ,   a n d   n a m e s p a c e s .   Y o u   c a n   a l s o   d e f i n e   c o n t e x t s   t o   q u i c k l y   a n d   e a s i l y   s w i t c h   b e t w e e n   c l u s t e r s   a n d   n a m e s p a c e s .


Question: What is Context?

Answer: A   c o n t e x t   e l e m e n t   i n   a   k u b e c o n f i g   f i l e   i s   u s e d   t o   g r o u p   a c c e s s   p a r a m e t e r s   u n d e r   a   c o n v e n i e n t   n a m e .   E a c h   c o n t e x t   h a s   t h r e e   p a r a m e t e r s :   c l u s t e r ,   n a m e s p a c e ,   a n d   u s e r .   B y   d e f a u l t ,   t h e   k u b e c t l   c o m m a n d - l i n e   t o o l   u s e s   p a r a m e t e r s   f r o m   t h e   c u r r e n t   c o n t e x t   t o   c o m m u n i c a t e   w i t h   t h e   c l u s t e r .   T o   c h o o s e   t h e   c u r r e n t   c o n t e x t :   k u b e c t l   c o n f i g   u s e - c o n t e x t


Question: What is The KUBECONFIG environment variable?

Answer: T h e   K U B E C O N F I G   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e   h o l d s   a   l i s t   o f   k u b e c o n f i g   f i l e s .   F o r   L i n u x   a n d   M a c ,   t h e   l i s t   i s   c o l o n - d e l i m i t e d .   F o r   W i n d o w s ,   t h e   l i s t   i s   s e m i c o l o n - d e l i m i t e d .   T h e   K U B E C O N F I G   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e   i s   n o t   r e q u i r e d .   I f   t h e   K U B E C O N F I G   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e   d o e s n ' t   e x i s t ,   k u b e c t l   u s e s   t h e   d e f a u l t   k u b e c o n f i g   f i l e ,   $ H O M E / . k u b e / c o n f i g .   I f   t h e   K U B E C O N F I G   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e   d o e s   e x i s t ,   k u b e c t l   u s e s   a n   e f f e c t i v e   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   t h a t   i s   t h e   r e s u l t   o f   m e r g i n g   t h e   f i l e s   l i s t e d   i n   t h e   K U B E C O N F I G   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e .


Question: What is Merging kubeconfig files?

Answer: T o   s e e   y o u r   c o n f i g u r a t i o n ,   e n t e r   t h i s   c o m m a n d :   k u b e c t l   c o n f i g   v i e w   A s   d e s c r i b e d   p r e v i o u s l y ,   t h e   o u t p u t   m i g h t   b e   f r o m   a   s i n g l e   k u b e c o n f i g   f i l e ,   o r   i t   m i g h t   b e   t h e   r e s u l t   o f   m e r g i n g   s e v e r a l   k u b e c o n f i g   f i l e s .   H e r e   a r e   t h e   r u l e s   t h a t   k u b e c t l   u s e s   w h e n   i t   m e r g e s   k u b e c o n f i g   f i l e s :   I f   t h e   - - k u b e c o n f i g   f l a g   i s   s e t ,   u s e   o n l y   t h e   s p e c i f i e d   f i l e .   D o   n o t   m e r g e .   O n l y   o n e   i n s t a n c e   o f   t h i s   f l a g   i s   a l l o w e d . O t h e r w i s e ,   i f   t h e   K U B E C O N F I G   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e   i s   s e t ,   u s e   i t   a s   a   l i s t   o f   f i l e s   t h a t   s h o u l d   b e   m e r g e d .   M e r g e   t h e   f i l e s   l i s t e d   i n   t h e   K U B E C O N F I G   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e   a c c o r d i n g   t o   t h e s e   r u l e s : I g n o r e   e m p t y   f i l e n a m e s . P r o d u c e   e r r o r s   f o r   f i l e s   w i t h   c o n t e n t   t h a t   c a n n o t   b e   d e s e r i a l i z e d . T h e   f i r s t   f i l e   t o   s e t   a   p a r t i c u l a r   v a l u e   o r   m a p   k e y   w i n s . N e v e r   c h a n g e   t h e   v a l u e   o r   m a p   k e y .   E x a m p l e :   P r e s e r v e   t h e   c o n t e x t   o f   t h e   f i r s t   f i l e   t o   s e t   c u r r e n t - c o n t e x t .   E x a m p l e :   I f   t w o   f i l e s   s p e c i f y   a   r e d - u s e r ,   u s e   o n l y   v a l u e s   f r o m   t h e   f i r s t   f i l e ' s   r e d - u s e r .   E v e n   i f   t h e   s e c o n d   f i l e   h a s   n o n - c o n f l i c t i n g   e n t r i e s   u n d e r   r e d - u s e r ,   d


Question: What is File references?

Answer: F i l e   a n d   p a t h   r e f e r e n c e s   i n   a   k u b e c o n f i g   f i l e   a r e   r e l a t i v e   t o   t h e   l o c a t i o n   o f   t h e   k u b e c o n f i g   f i l e .   F i l e   r e f e r e n c e s   o n   t h e   c o m m a n d   l i n e   a r e   r e l a t i v e   t o   t h e   c u r r e n t   w o r k i n g   d i r e c t o r y .   I n   $ H O M E / . k u b e / c o n f i g ,   r e l a t i v e   p a t h s   a r e   s t o r e d   r e l a t i v e l y ,   a n d   a b s o l u t e   p a t h s   a r e   s t o r e d   a b s o l u t e l y .


Question: What is Proxy?

Answer: Y o u   c a n   c o n f i g u r e   k u b e c t l   t o   u s e   a   p r o x y   p e r   c l u s t e r   u s i n g   p r o x y - u r l   i n   y o u r   k u b e c o n f i g   f i l e ,   l i k e   t h i s :   a p i V e r s i o n :   v 1   k i n d :   C o n f i g   c l u s t e r s :   -   c l u s t e r :   p r o x y - u r l :   h t t p : / / p r o x y . e x a m p l e . o r g : 3 1 2 8   s e r v e r :   h t t p s : / / k 8 s . e x a m p l e . o r g / k 8 s / c l u s t e r s / c - x x y y z z   n a m e :   d e v e l o p m e n t   u s e r s :   -   n a m e :   d e v e l o p e r   c o n t e x t s :   -   c o n t e x t :   n a m e :   d e v e l o p m e n t


Question: What is What's next?

Answer: C o n f i g u r e   A c c e s s   t o   M u l t i p l e   C l u s t e r s k u b e c t l   c o n f i g


Question: What is 7 - Resource Management for Windows nodes?

Answer: T h i s   p a g e   o u t l i n e s   t h e   d i f f e r e n c e s   i n   h o w   r e s o u r c e s   a r e   m a n a g e d   b e t w e e n   L i n u x   a n d   W i n d o w s .   O n   L i n u x   n o d e s ,   c g r o u p s   a r e   u s e d   a s   a   p o d   b o u n d a r y   f o r   r e s o u r c e   c o n t r o l .   C o n t a i n e r s   a r e   c r e a t e d   w i t h i n   t h a t   b o u n d a r y   f o r   n e t w o r k ,   p r o c e s s   a n d   f i l e   s y s t e m   i s o l a t i o n .   T h e   L i n u x   c g r o u p   A P I s   c a n   b e   u s e d   t o   g a t h e r   C P U ,   I / O ,   a n d   m e m o r y   u s e   s t a t i s t i c s .   I n   c o n t r a s t ,   W i n d o w s   u s e s   a   j o b   o b j e c t   p e r   c o n t a i n e r   w i t h   a   s y s t e m   n a m e s p a c e   f i l t e r   t o   c o n t a i n   a l l   p r o c e s s e s   i n   a   c o n t a i n e r   a n d   p r o v i d e   l o g i c a l   i s o l a t i o n   f r o m   t h e   h o s t .   ( J o b   o b j e c t s   a r e   a   W i n d o w s   p r o c e s s   i s o l a t i o n   m e c h a n i s m   a n d   a r e   d i f f e r e n t   f r o m   w h a t   K u b e r n e t e s   r e f e r s   t o   a s   a   J o b ) .   T h e r e   i s   n o   w a y   t o   r u n   a   W i n d o w s   c o n t a i n e r   w i t h o u t   t h e   n a m e s p a c e   f i l t e r i n g   i n   p l a c e .   T h i s   m e a n s   t h a t   s y s t e m   p r i v i l e g e s   c a n n o t   b e   a s s e r t e d   i n   t h e   c o n t e x t   o f   t h e   h o s t ,   a n d   t h u s   p r i v i l e g e d   c o n t a i n e r s   a r e   n o t   a v a i l a b l e   o n   W i n d o w s .   C o n t a i n e r s   c a n n o t   a s s u m e   a n   i d e n t i t y   f r o m   t h e   h o s t   b e c a u s e   t h e   S e c u r i t y   A c c o u n t   M a n a g e r   ( S A M )   i s   s e p a r a t e .


Question: What is Memory management?

Answer: W i n d o w s   d o e s   n o t   h a v e   a n   o u t - o f - m e m o r y   p r o c e s s   k i l l e r   a s   L i n u x   d o e s .   W i n d o w s   a l w a y s   t r e a t s   a l l   u s e r - m o d e   m e m o r y   a l l o c a t i o n s   a s   v i r t u a l ,   a n d   p a g e f i l e s   a r e   m a n d a t o r y .   W i n d o w s   n o d e s   d o   n o t   o v e r c o m m i t   m e m o r y   f o r   p r o c e s s e s .   T h e   n e t   e f f e c t   i s   t h a t   W i n d o w s   w o n ' t   r e a c h   o u t   o f   m e m o r y   c o n d i t i o n s   t h e   s a m e   w a y   L i n u x   d o e s ,   a n d   p r o c e s s e s   p a g e   t o   d i s k   i n s t e a d   o f   b e i n g   s u b j e c t   t o   o u t   o f   m e m o r y   ( O O M )   t e r m i n a t i o n .   I f   m e m o r y   i s   o v e r - p r o v i s i o n e d   a n d   a l l   p h y s i c a l   m e m o r y   i s   e x h a u s t e d ,   t h e n   p a g i n g   c a n   s l o w   d o w n   p e r f o r m a n c e .


Question: What is CPU management?

Answer: W i n d o w s   c a n   l i m i t   t h e   a m o u n t   o f   C P U   t i m e   a l l o c a t e d   f o r   d i f f e r e n t   p r o c e s s e s   b u t   c a n n o t   g u a r a n t e e   a   m i n i m u m   a m o u n t   o f   C P U   t i m e .   O n   W i n d o w s ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   s u p p o r t s   a   c o m m a n d - l i n e   f l a g   t o   s e t   t h e   s c h e d u l i n g   p r i o r i t y   o f   t h e   k u b e l e t   p r o c e s s :   - - w i n d o w s - p r i o r i t y c l a s s .   T h i s   f l a g   a l l o w s   t h e   k u b e l e t   p r o c e s s   t o   g e t   m o r e   C P U   t i m e   s l i c e s   w h e n   c o m p a r e d   t o   o t h e r   p r o c e s s e s   r u n n i n g   o n   t h e   W i n d o w s   h o s t .   M o r e   i n f o r m a t i o n   o n   t h e   a l l o w a b l e   v a l u e s   a n d   t h e i r   m e a n i n g   i s   a v a i l a b l e   a t   W i n d o w s   P r i o r i t y   C l a s s e s .   T o   e n s u r e   t h a t   r u n n i n g   P o d s   d o   n o t   s t a r v e   t h e   k u b e l e t   o f   C P U   c y c l e s ,   s e t   t h i s   f l a g   t o   A B O V E _ N O R M A L _ P R I O R I T Y _ C L A S S   o r   a b o v e .


Question: What is Resource reservation?

Answer: T o   a c c o u n t   f o r   m e m o r y   a n d   C P U   u s e d   b y   t h e   o p e r a t i n g   s y s t e m ,   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   r u n t i m e ,   a n d   b y   K u b e r n e t e s   h o s t   p r o c e s s e s   s u c h   a s   t h e   k u b e l e t ,   y o u   c a n   ( a n d   s h o u l d )   r e s e r v e   m e m o r y   a n d   C P U   r e s o u r c e s   w i t h   t h e   - - k u b e - r e s e r v e d   a n d / o r   - - s y s t e m - r e s e r v e d   k u b e l e t   f l a g s .   O n   W i n d o w s   t h e s e   v a l u e s   a r e   o n l y   u s e d   t o   c a l c u l a t e   t h e   n o d e ' s   a l l o c a t a b l e   r e s o u r c e s .


Question: What is Caution:?

Answer: A s   y o u   d e p l o y   w o r k l o a d s ,   s e t   r e s o u r c e   m e m o r y   a n d   C P U   l i m i t s   o n   c o n t a i n e r s .   T h i s   a l s o   s u b t r a c t s   f r o m   N o d e A l l o c a t a b l e   a n d   h e l p s   t h e   c l u s t e r - w i d e   s c h e d u l e r   i n   d e t e r m i n i n g   w h i c h   p o d s   t o   p l a c e   o n   w h i c h   n o d e s .   S c h e d u l i n g   p o d s   w i t h o u t   l i m i t s   m a y   o v e r - p r o v i s i o n   t h e   W i n d o w s   n o d e s   a n d   i n   e x t r e m e   c a s e s   c a n   c a u s e   t h e   n o d e s   t o   b e c o m e   u n h e a l t h y .   O n   W i n d o w s ,   a   g o o d   p r a c t i c e   i s   t o   r e s e r v e   a t   l e a s t   2 G i B   o f   m e m o r y .   T o   d e t e r m i n e   h o w   m u c h   C P U   t o   r e s e r v e ,   i d e n t i f y   t h e   m a x i m u m   p o d   d e n s i t y   f o r   e a c h   n o d e   a n d   m o n i t o r   t h e   C P U   u s a g e   o f   t h e   s y s t e m   s e r v i c e s   r u n n i n g   t h e r e ,   t h e n   c h o o s e   a   v a l u e   t h a t   m e e t s   y o u r   w o r k l o a d   n e e d s .   ©   2 0 2 5   T h e   K u b e r n e t e s   A u t h o r s   |   D o c u m e n t a t i o n   D i s t r i b u t e d   u n d e r   C C   B Y   4 . 0   ©   2 0 2 5   T h e   L i n u x   F o u n d a t i o n   ® .   A l l   r i g h t s   r e s e r v e d .   T h e   L i n u x   F o u n d a t i o n   h a s   r e g i s t e r e d   t r a d e m a r k s   a n d   u s e s   t r a d e m a r k s .   F o r   a   l i s t   o f   t r a d e m a r k s   o f   T h e   L i n u x   F o u n d a t i o n ,   p l e a s e   s e e   o u r   T r a d e m a r k   U s a g e   p a g e   I C P   l i c e n s e :   京 I C P 备 1 7 0 7 4 2 6 6 号 - 3


Question: What is kubectl for Docker Users?

Answer: kubectl for Docker UsersYou can use the Kubernetes command line tool kubectl to interact with the API Server. Using kubectl is straightforward if you are familiar with the Docker command line tool. However, there are a few differences between the Docker commands and the kubectl commands. The following sections show a Docker sub-command and describe the equivalent kubectl command.docker runTo run an nginx Deployment and expose the Deployment, see kubectl create deployment.docker:docker run -d --restart=always -e DOMAIN=cluster --name nginx-app -p 80:80 nginx 55c103fa129692154a7652490236fee9be47d70a8dd562281ae7d2f9a339a6db docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 55c103fa1296 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 9 seconds ago Up 9 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx-app kubectl:# start the pod running nginx kubectl create deployment --image=nginx nginx-app deployment.apps/nginx-app created # add env to nginx-app kubectl set env deployment/nginx-app DOMAIN=cluster deployment.apps/nginx-app env updated Note:kubectl commands print the type and name of the resource created or mutated, which can then be used in subsequent commands. You can expose a new Service after a Deployment is created.# expose a port through with a service kubectl expose deployment nginx-app --port=80 --name=nginx-http service "nginx-http" exposed By using kubectl, you can create a Deployment to ensure that N pods are running nginx, where N is the number of replicas stated in the spec and defaults to 1. You can also create a service with a selector that matches the pod labels. For more information, see Use a Service to Access an Application in a Cluster.By default images run in the background, similar to docker run -d .... To run things in the foreground, use kubectl run to create pod:kubectl run [-i] [--tty] --attach <name> --image=<image> Unlike docker run ..., if you specify --attach, then you attach stdin, stdout and stderr. You cannot control which streams are attached (docker -a ...). To detach from the container, you can type the escape sequence Ctrl+P followed by Ctrl+Q.docker psTo list what is currently running, see kubectl get.docker:docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 14636241935f ubuntu:16.04 "echo test" 5 seconds ago Exited (0) 5 seconds ago cocky_fermi 55c103fa1296 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx-app kubectl:kubectl get po NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE nginx-app-8df569cb7-4gd89 1/1 Running 0 3m ubuntu 0/1 Completed 0 20s docker attachTo attach a process that is already running in a container, see kubectl attach.docker:docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 55c103fa1296 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx-app docker attach 55c103fa1296 ... kubectl:kubectl get pods NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE nginx-app-5jyvm 1/1 Running 0 10m kubectl attach -it nginx-app-5jyvm ... To detach from the container, you


Question: How does kubectl for Docker Users work?

Answer: kubectl for Docker UsersYou can use the Kubernetes command line tool kubectl to interact with the API Server. Using kubectl is straightforward if you are familiar with the Docker command line tool. However, there are a few differences between the Docker commands and the kubectl commands. The following sections show a Docker sub-command and describe the equivalent kubectl command.docker runTo run an nginx Deployment and expose the Deployment, see kubectl create deployment.docker:docker run -d --restart=always -e DOMAIN=cluster --name nginx-app -p 80:80 nginx 55c103fa129692154a7652490236fee9be47d70a8dd562281ae7d2f9a339a6db docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 55c103fa1296 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 9 seconds ago Up 9 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx-app kubectl:# start the pod running nginx kubectl create deployment --image=nginx nginx-app deployment.apps/nginx-app created # add env to nginx-app kubectl set env deployment/nginx-app DOMAIN=cluster deployment.apps/nginx-app env updated Note:kubectl commands print the type and name of the resource created or mutated, which can then be used in subsequent commands. You can expose a new Service after a Deployment is created.# expose a port through with a service kubectl expose deployment nginx-app --port=80 --name=nginx-http service "nginx-http" exposed By using kubectl, you can create a Deployment to ensure that N pods are running nginx, where N is the number of replicas stated in the spec and defaults to 1. You can also create a service with a selector that matches the pod labels. For more information, see Use a Service to Access an Application in a Cluster.By default images run in the background, similar to docker run -d .... To run things in the foreground, use kubectl run to create pod:kubectl run [-i] [--tty] --attach <name> --image=<image> Unlike docker run ..., if you specify --attach, then you attach stdin, stdout and stderr. You cannot control which streams are attached (docker -a ...). To detach from the container, you can type the escape sequence Ctrl+P followed by Ctrl+Q.docker psTo list what is currently running, see kubectl get.docker:docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 14636241935f ubuntu:16.04 "echo test" 5 seconds ago Exited (0) 5 seconds ago cocky_fermi 55c103fa1296 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx-app kubectl:kubectl get po NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE nginx-app-8df569cb7-4gd89 1/1 Running 0 3m ubuntu 0/1 Completed 0 20s docker attachTo attach a process that is already running in a container, see kubectl attach.docker:docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 55c103fa1296 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx-app docker attach 55c103fa1296 ... kubectl:kubectl get pods NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE nginx-app-5jyvm 1/1 Running 0 10m kubectl attach -it nginx-app-5jyvm ... To detach from the container, you


Question: When would you use kubectl for Docker Users?

Answer: kubectl for Docker UsersYou can use the Kubernetes command line tool kubectl to interact with the API Server. Using kubectl is straightforward if you are familiar with the Docker command line tool. However, there are a few differences between the Docker commands and the kubectl commands. The following sections show a Docker sub-command and describe the equivalent kubectl command.docker runTo run an nginx Deployment and expose the Deployment, see kubectl create deployment.docker:docker run -d --restart=always -e DOMAIN=cluster --name nginx-app -p 80:80 nginx 55c103fa129692154a7652490236fee9be47d70a8dd562281ae7d2f9a339a6db docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 55c103fa1296 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 9 seconds ago Up 9 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx-app kubectl:# start the pod running nginx kubectl create deployment --image=nginx nginx-app deployment.apps/nginx-app created # add env to nginx-app kubectl set env deployment/nginx-app DOMAIN=cluster deployment.apps/nginx-app env updated Note:kubectl commands print the type and name of the resource created or mutated, which can then be used in subsequent commands. You can expose a new Service after a Deployment is created.# expose a port through with a service kubectl expose deployment nginx-app --port=80 --name=nginx-http service "nginx-http" exposed By using kubectl, you can create a Deployment to ensure that N pods are running nginx, where N is the number of replicas stated in the spec and defaults to 1. You can also create a service with a selector that matches the pod labels. For more information, see Use a Service to Access an Application in a Cluster.By default images run in the background, similar to docker run -d .... To run things in the foreground, use kubectl run to create pod:kubectl run [-i] [--tty] --attach <name> --image=<image> Unlike docker run ..., if you specify --attach, then you attach stdin, stdout and stderr. You cannot control which streams are attached (docker -a ...). To detach from the container, you can type the escape sequence Ctrl+P followed by Ctrl+Q.docker psTo list what is currently running, see kubectl get.docker:docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 14636241935f ubuntu:16.04 "echo test" 5 seconds ago Exited (0) 5 seconds ago cocky_fermi 55c103fa1296 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx-app kubectl:kubectl get po NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE nginx-app-8df569cb7-4gd89 1/1 Running 0 3m ubuntu 0/1 Completed 0 20s docker attachTo attach a process that is already running in a container, see kubectl attach.docker:docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 55c103fa1296 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx-app docker attach 55c103fa1296 ... kubectl:kubectl get pods NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE nginx-app-5jyvm 1/1 Running 0 10m kubectl attach -it nginx-app-5jyvm ... To detach from the container, you


Question: What are the benefits of kubectl for Docker Users?

Answer: kubectl for Docker UsersYou can use the Kubernetes command line tool kubectl to interact with the API Server. Using kubectl is straightforward if you are familiar with the Docker command line tool. However, there are a few differences between the Docker commands and the kubectl commands. The following sections show a Docker sub-command and describe the equivalent kubectl command.docker runTo run an nginx Deployment and expose the Deployment, see kubectl create deployment.docker:docker run -d --restart=always -e DOMAIN=cluster --name nginx-app -p 80:80 nginx 55c103fa129692154a7652490236fee9be47d70a8dd562281ae7d2f9a339a6db docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 55c103fa1296 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 9 seconds ago Up 9 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx-app kubectl:# start the pod running nginx kubectl create deployment --image=nginx nginx-app deployment.apps/nginx-app created # add env to nginx-app kubectl set env deployment/nginx-app DOMAIN=cluster deployment.apps/nginx-app env updated Note:kubectl commands print the type and name of the resource created or mutated, which can then be used in subsequent commands. You can expose a new Service after a Deployment is created.# expose a port through with a service kubectl expose deployment nginx-app --port=80 --name=nginx-http service "nginx-http" exposed By using kubectl, you can create a Deployment to ensure that N pods are running nginx, where N is the number of replicas stated in the spec and defaults to 1. You can also create a service with a selector that matches the pod labels. For more information, see Use a Service to Access an Application in a Cluster.By default images run in the background, similar to docker run -d .... To run things in the foreground, use kubectl run to create pod:kubectl run [-i] [--tty] --attach <name> --image=<image> Unlike docker run ..., if you specify --attach, then you attach stdin, stdout and stderr. You cannot control which streams are attached (docker -a ...). To detach from the container, you can type the escape sequence Ctrl+P followed by Ctrl+Q.docker psTo list what is currently running, see kubectl get.docker:docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 14636241935f ubuntu:16.04 "echo test" 5 seconds ago Exited (0) 5 seconds ago cocky_fermi 55c103fa1296 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx-app kubectl:kubectl get po NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE nginx-app-8df569cb7-4gd89 1/1 Running 0 3m ubuntu 0/1 Completed 0 20s docker attachTo attach a process that is already running in a container, see kubectl attach.docker:docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 55c103fa1296 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx-app docker attach 55c103fa1296 ... kubectl:kubectl get pods NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE nginx-app-5jyvm 1/1 Running 0 10m kubectl attach -it nginx-app-5jyvm ... To detach from the container, you


Question: What is kubectl for Docker Users?

Answer: Y o u   c a n   u s e   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   c o m m a n d   l i n e   t o o l   k u b e c t l   t o   i n t e r a c t   w i t h   t h e   A P I   S e r v e r .   U s i n g   k u b e c t l   i s   s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d   i f   y o u   a r e   f a m i l i a r   w i t h   t h e   D o c k e r   c o m m a n d   l i n e   t o o l .   H o w e v e r ,   t h e r e   a r e   a   f e w   d i f f e r e n c e s   b e t w e e n   t h e   D o c k e r   c o m m a n d s   a n d   t h e   k u b e c t l   c o m m a n d s .   T h e   f o l l o w i n g   s e c t i o n s   s h o w   a   D o c k e r   s u b - c o m m a n d   a n d   d e s c r i b e   t h e   e q u i v a l e n t   k u b e c t l   c o m m a n d .


Question: What is docker run?

Answer: T o   r u n   a n   n g i n x   D e p l o y m e n t   a n d   e x p o s e   t h e   D e p l o y m e n t ,   s e e   k u b e c t l   c r e a t e   d e p l o y m e n t .   d o c k e r :   d o c k e r   r u n   - d   - - r e s t a r t = a l w a y s   - e   D O M A I N = c l u s t e r   - - n a m e   n g i n x - a p p   - p   8 0 : 8 0   n g i n x   5 5 c 1 0 3 f a 1 2 9 6 9 2 1 5 4 a 7 6 5 2 4 9 0 2 3 6 f e e 9 b e 4 7 d 7 0 a 8 d d 5 6 2 2 8 1 a e 7 d 2 f 9 a 3 3 9 a 6 d b   d o c k e r   p s   C O N T A I N E R   I D   I M A G E   C O M M A N D   C R E A T E D   S T A T U S   P O R T S   N A M E S   5 5 c 1 0 3 f a 1 2 9 6   n g i n x   " n g i n x   - g   ' d a e m o n   o f … "   9   s e c o n d s   a g o   U p   9   s e c o n d s   0 . 0 . 0 . 0 : 8 0 - > 8 0 / t c p   n g i n x - a p p   k u b e c t l :   #   s t a r t   t h e   p o d   r u n n i n g   n g i n x   k u b e c t l   c r e a t e   d e p l o y m e n t   - - i m a g e = n g i n x   n g i n x - a p p   d e p l o y m e n t . a p p s / n g i n x - a p p   c r e a t e d   #   a d d   e n v   t o   n g i n x - a p p   k u b e c t l   s e t   e n v   d e p l o y m e n t / n g i n x - a p p   D O M A I N = c l u s t e r   d e p l o y m e n t . a p p s / n g i n x - a p p   e n v   u p d a t e d


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: #   e x p o s e   a   p o r t   t h r o u g h   w i t h   a   s e r v i c e   k u b e c t l   e x p o s e   d e p l o y m e n t   n g i n x - a p p   - - p o r t = 8 0   - - n a m e = n g i n x - h t t p   s e r v i c e   " n g i n x - h t t p "   e x p o s e d   B y   u s i n g   k u b e c t l ,   y o u   c a n   c r e a t e   a   D e p l o y m e n t   t o   e n s u r e   t h a t   N   p o d s   a r e   r u n n i n g   n g i n x ,   w h e r e   N   i s   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   r e p l i c a s   s t a t e d   i n   t h e   s p e c   a n d   d e f a u l t s   t o   1 .   Y o u   c a n   a l s o   c r e a t e   a   s e r v i c e   w i t h   a   s e l e c t o r   t h a t   m a t c h e s   t h e   p o d   l a b e l s .   F o r   m o r e   i n f o r m a t i o n ,   s e e   U s e   a   S e r v i c e   t o   A c c e s s   a n   A p p l i c a t i o n   i n   a   C l u s t e r .   B y   d e f a u l t   i m a g e s   r u n   i n   t h e   b a c k g r o u n d ,   s i m i l a r   t o   d o c k e r   r u n   - d   . . . .   T o   r u n   t h i n g s   i n   t h e   f o r e g r o u n d ,   u s e   k u b e c t l   r u n   t o   c r e a t e   p o d :   k u b e c t l   r u n   [ - i ]   [ - - t t y ]   - - a t t a c h   < n a m e >   - - i m a g e = < i m a g e >   U n l i k e   d o c k e r   r u n   . . . ,   i f   y o u   s p e c i f y   - - a t t a c h ,   t h e n   y o u   a t t a c h   s t d i n ,   s t d o u t   a n d   s t d e r r .   Y o u   c a n n o t   c o n t r o l   w h i c h   s t r e a m s   a r e   a t t a c h e d   ( d o c k e r   - a   . . . ) .   T o   d e t a c h   f r o m   t h e   c o n t a i n e r ,   y o u   c a n   t y p e   t h e   e s c a p e   s e q u e n c e   C t r l + P   f o l l o w e d   b y   C t r l + Q .


Question: What is docker ps?

Answer: T o   l i s t   w h a t   i s   c u r r e n t l y   r u n n i n g ,   s e e   k u b e c t l   g e t .   d o c k e r :   d o c k e r   p s   - a   C O N T A I N E R   I D   I M A G E   C O M M A N D   C R E A T E D   S T A T U S   P O R T S   N A M E S   1 4 6 3 6 2 4 1 9 3 5 f   u b u n t u : 1 6 . 0 4   " e c h o   t e s t "   5   s e c o n d s   a g o   E x i t e d   ( 0 )   5   s e c o n d s   a g o   c o c k y _ f e r m i   5 5 c 1 0 3 f a 1 2 9 6   n g i n x   " n g i n x   - g   ' d a e m o n   o f … "   A b o u t   a   m i n u t e   a g o   U p   A b o u t   a   m i n u t e   0 . 0 . 0 . 0 : 8 0 - > 8 0 / t c p   n g i n x - a p p   k u b e c t l :   k u b e c t l   g e t   p o   N A M E   R E A D Y   S T A T U S   R E S T A R T S   A G E   n g i n x - a p p - 8 d f 5 6 9 c b 7 - 4 g d 8 9   1 / 1   R u n n i n g   0   3 m   u b u n t u   0 / 1   C o m p l e t e d   0   2 0 s


Question: What is docker attach?

Answer: T o   a t t a c h   a   p r o c e s s   t h a t   i s   a l r e a d y   r u n n i n g   i n   a   c o n t a i n e r ,   s e e   k u b e c t l   a t t a c h .   d o c k e r :   d o c k e r   p s   C O N T A I N E R   I D   I M A G E   C O M M A N D   C R E A T E D   S T A T U S   P O R T S   N A M E S   5 5 c 1 0 3 f a 1 2 9 6   n g i n x   " n g i n x   - g   ' d a e m o n   o f … "   5   m i n u t e s   a g o   U p   5   m i n u t e s   0 . 0 . 0 . 0 : 8 0 - > 8 0 / t c p   n g i n x - a p p   d o c k e r   a t t a c h   5 5 c 1 0 3 f a 1 2 9 6   . . .   k u b e c t l :   k u b e c t l   g e t   p o d s   N A M E   R E A D Y   S T A T U S   R E S T A R T S   A G E   n g i n x - a p p - 5 j y v m   1 / 1   R u n n i n g   0   1 0 m   k u b e c t l   a t t a c h   - i t   n g i n x - a p p - 5 j y v m   . . .   T o   d e t a c h   f r o m   t h e   c o n t a i n e r ,   y o u   c a n   t y p e   t h e   e s c a p e   s e q u e n c e   C t r l + P   f o l l o w e d   b y   C t r l + Q .


Question: What is docker exec?

Answer: T o   e x e c u t e   a   c o m m a n d   i n   a   c o n t a i n e r ,   s e e   k u b e c t l   e x e c .   d o c k e r :   d o c k e r   p s   C O N T A I N E R   I D   I M A G E   C O M M A N D   C R E A T E D   S T A T U S   P O R T S   N A M E S   5 5 c 1 0 3 f a 1 2 9 6   n g i n x   " n g i n x   - g   ' d a e m o n   o f … "   6   m i n u t e s   a g o   U p   6   m i n u t e s   0 . 0 . 0 . 0 : 8 0 - > 8 0 / t c p   n g i n x - a p p   d o c k e r   e x e c   5 5 c 1 0 3 f a 1 2 9 6   c a t   / e t c / h o s t n a m e   5 5 c 1 0 3 f a 1 2 9 6   k u b e c t l :   k u b e c t l   g e t   p o   N A M E   R E A D Y   S T A T U S   R E S T A R T S   A G E   n g i n x - a p p - 5 j y v m   1 / 1   R u n n i n g   0   1 0 m   k u b e c t l   e x e c   n g i n x - a p p - 5 j y v m   - -   c a t   / e t c / h o s t n a m e   n g i n x - a p p - 5 j y v m   T o   u s e   i n t e r a c t i v e   c o m m a n d s .   d o c k e r :   d o c k e r   e x e c   - t i   5 5 c 1 0 3 f a 1 2 9 6   / b i n / s h   #   e x i t   k u b e c t l :   k u b e c t l   e x e c   - t i   n g i n x - a p p - 5 j y v m   - -   / b i n / s h   #   e x i t   F o r   m o r e   i n f o r m a t i o n ,   s e e   G e t   a   S h e l l   t o   a   R u n n i n g   C o n t a i n e r .


Question: What is docker logs?

Answer: T o   f o l l o w   s t d o u t / s t d e r r   o f   a   p r o c e s s   t h a t   i s   r u n n i n g ,   s e e   k u b e c t l   l o g s .   d o c k e r :   d o c k e r   l o g s   - f   a 9 e   1 9 2 . 1 6 8 . 9 . 1   -   -   [ 1 4 / J u l / 2 0 1 5 : 0 1 : 0 4 : 0 2   + 0 0 0 0 ]   " G E T   /   H T T P / 1 . 1 "   2 0 0   6 1 2   " - "   " c u r l / 7 . 3 5 . 0 "   " - "   1 9 2 . 1 6 8 . 9 . 1   -   -   [ 1 4 / J u l / 2 0 1 5 : 0 1 : 0 4 : 0 3   + 0 0 0 0 ]   " G E T   /   H T T P / 1 . 1 "   2 0 0   6 1 2   " - "   " c u r l / 7 . 3 5 . 0 "   " - "   k u b e c t l :   k u b e c t l   l o g s   - f   n g i n x - a p p - z i b v s   1 0 . 2 4 0 . 6 3 . 1 1 0   -   -   [ 1 4 / J u l / 2 0 1 5 : 0 1 : 0 9 : 0 1   + 0 0 0 0 ]   " G E T   /   H T T P / 1 . 1 "   2 0 0   6 1 2   " - "   " c u r l / 7 . 2 6 . 0 "   " - "   1 0 . 2 4 0 . 6 3 . 1 1 0   -   -   [ 1 4 / J u l / 2 0 1 5 : 0 1 : 0 9 : 0 2   + 0 0 0 0 ]   " G E T   /   H T T P / 1 . 1 "   2 0 0   6 1 2   " - "   " c u r l / 7 . 2 6 . 0 "   " - "   T h e r e   i s   a   s l i g h t   d i f f e r e n c e   b e t w e e n   p o d s   a n d   c o n t a i n e r s ;   b y   d e f a u l t   p o d s   d o   n o t   t e r m i n a t e   i f   t h e i r   p r o c e s s e s   e x i t .   I n s t e a d   t h e   p o d s   r e s t a r t   t h e   p r o c e s s .   T h i s   i s   s i m i l a r   t o   t h e   d o c k e r   r u n   o p t i o n   - - r e s t a r t = a l w a y s   w i t h   o n e   m a j o r   d i f f e r e n c e .   I n   d o c k e r ,   t h e   o u t p u t   f o r   e a c h   i n v o c a t i o n   o f   t h e   p r o c e s s   i s   c o n c a t e n a t e d ,   b u t   f o r   K u b e r n e t e s ,   e a c h   i n v o c a t i o n   i s   s e p a r a t e .   T o   s e e   t h e   o u t p u t   f r o m   a   p r e v i o u s   r u n   i n   K u b e r n e t e s ,   d o   t h i s :   k u b e c t l   l o g s   - - p r e v i o u s   n g i n x - a p p - z i b v s   1 0 . 2 4 0 . 6 3 . 1 1 0   -   -   [ 1 4 / J u


Question: What is docker stop and docker rm?

Answer: T o   s t o p   a n d   d e l e t e   a   r u n n i n g   p r o c e s s ,   s e e   k u b e c t l   d e l e t e .   d o c k e r :   d o c k e r   p s   C O N T A I N E R   I D   I M A G E   C O M M A N D   C R E A T E D   S T A T U S   P O R T S   N A M E S   a 9 e c 3 4 d 9 8 7 8 7   n g i n x   " n g i n x   - g   ' d a e m o n   o f "   2 2   h o u r s   a g o   U p   2 2   h o u r s   0 . 0 . 0 . 0 : 8 0 - > 8 0 / t c p ,   4 4 3 / t c p   n g i n x - a p p   d o c k e r   s t o p   a 9 e c 3 4 d 9 8 7 8 7   a 9 e c 3 4 d 9 8 7 8 7   d o c k e r   r m   a 9 e c 3 4 d 9 8 7 8 7   a 9 e c 3 4 d 9 8 7 8 7   k u b e c t l :   k u b e c t l   g e t   d e p l o y m e n t   n g i n x - a p p   N A M E   R E A D Y   U P - T O - D A T E   A V A I L A B L E   A G E   n g i n x - a p p   1 / 1   1   1   2 m   k u b e c t l   g e t   p o   - l   a p p = n g i n x - a p p   N A M E   R E A D Y   S T A T U S   R E S T A R T S   A G E   n g i n x - a p p - 2 8 8 3 1 6 4 6 3 3 - a k l f 7   1 / 1   R u n n i n g   0   2 m   k u b e c t l   d e l e t e   d e p l o y m e n t   n g i n x - a p p   d e p l o y m e n t   " n g i n x - a p p "   d e l e t e d   k u b e c t l   g e t   p o   - l   a p p = n g i n x - a p p   #   R e t u r n   n o t h i n g


Question: What is docker login?

Answer: T h e r e   i s   n o   d i r e c t   a n a l o g   o f   d o c k e r   l o g i n   i n   k u b e c t l .   I f   y o u   a r e   i n t e r e s t e d   i n   u s i n g   K u b e r n e t e s   w i t h   a   p r i v a t e   r e g i s t r y ,   s e e   U s i n g   a   P r i v a t e   R e g i s t r y .


Question: What is docker version?

Answer: T o   g e t   t h e   v e r s i o n   o f   c l i e n t   a n d   s e r v e r ,   s e e   k u b e c t l   v e r s i o n .   d o c k e r :   d o c k e r   v e r s i o n   C l i e n t   v e r s i o n :   1 . 7 . 0   C l i e n t   A P I   v e r s i o n :   1 . 1 9   G o   v e r s i o n   ( c l i e n t ) :   g o 1 . 4 . 2   G i t   c o m m i t   ( c l i e n t ) :   0 b a f 6 0 9   O S / A r c h   ( c l i e n t ) :   l i n u x / a m d 6 4   S e r v e r   v e r s i o n :   1 . 7 . 0   S e r v e r   A P I   v e r s i o n :   1 . 1 9   G o   v e r s i o n   ( s e r v e r ) :   g o 1 . 4 . 2   G i t   c o m m i t   ( s e r v e r ) :   0 b a f 6 0 9   O S / A r c h   ( s e r v e r ) :   l i n u x / a m d 6 4   k u b e c t l :   k u b e c t l   v e r s i o n   C l i e n t   V e r s i o n :   v e r s i o n . I n f o { M a j o r : " 1 " ,   M i n o r : " 6 " ,   G i t V e r s i o n : " v 1 . 6 . 9 + a 3 d 1 d f a 6 f 4 3 3 5 " ,   G i t C o m m i t : " 9 b 7 7 f e d 1 1 a 9 8 4 3 c e 3 7 8 0 f 7 0 d d 2 5 1 e 9 2 9 0 1 c 4 3 0 7 2 " ,   G i t T r e e S t a t e : " d i r t y " ,   B u i l d D a t e : " 2 0 1 7 - 0 8 - 2 9 T 2 0 : 3 2 : 5 8 Z " ,   O p e n P a a s K u b e r n e t e s V e r s i o n : " v 1 . 0 3 . 0 2 " ,   G o V e r s i o n : " g o 1 . 7 . 5 " ,   C o m p i l e r : " g c " ,   P l a t f o r m : " l i n u x / a m d 6 4 " }   S e r v e r   V e r s i o n :   v e r s i o n . I n f o { M a j o r : " 1 " ,   M i n o r : " 6 " ,   G i t V e r s i o n : " v 1 . 6 . 9 + a 3 d 1 d f a 6 f 4 3 3 5 " ,   G i t C o m m i t : " 9 b 7 7 f e d 1 1 a 9 8 4 3 c e 3 7 8 0 f 7 0 d d 2 5 1 e 9 2 9 0 1 c 4 3 0 7 2 " ,   G i t T r e e S t a t e : " d i r t y " ,   B u i l d D a t e : " 2 0 1 7 - 0 8 - 2 9 T 2 0 : 3 2 : 5 8 Z " ,   O p e n P a a s K u b e r n e t e s V e r s i o n : " v 1 . 0 3 . 0 2 " ,   G o V e r s i o n : " g o 1 . 7 . 5 " ,   C o m p i l e r : " g c " ,   P l a t f o r m : " l i n u x / a m d 6 4 " }


Question: What is docker info?

Answer: T o   g e t   m i s c e l l a n e o u s   i n f o r m a t i o n   a b o u t   t h e   e n v i r o n m e n t   a n d   c o n f i g u r a t i o n ,   s e e   k u b e c t l   c l u s t e r - i n f o .   d o c k e r :   d o c k e r   i n f o   C o n t a i n e r s :   4 0   I m a g e s :   1 6 8   S t o r a g e   D r i v e r :   a u f s   R o o t   D i r :   / u s r / l o c a l / g o o g l e / d o c k e r / a u f s   B a c k i n g   F i l e s y s t e m :   e x t f s   D i r s :   2 4 8   D i r p e r m 1   S u p p o r t e d :   f a l s e   E x e c u t i o n   D r i v e r :   n a t i v e - 0 . 2   L o g g i n g   D r i v e r :   j s o n - f i l e   K e r n e l   V e r s i o n :   3 . 1 3 . 0 - 5 3 - g e n e r i c   O p e r a t i n g   S y s t e m :   U b u n t u   1 4 . 0 4 . 2   L T S   C P U s :   1 2   T o t a l   M e m o r y :   3 1 . 3 2   G i B   N a m e :   k 8 s - i s - f u n . m t v . c o r p . g o o g l e . c o m   I D :   A D U V : G C Y R : B 3 V J : H M P O : L N P Q : K D 5 S : Y K F Q : 7 6 V N : I A N Z : 7 T F V : Z B F 4 : B Y J O   W A R N I N G :   N o   s w a p   l i m i t   s u p p o r t   k u b e c t l :   k u b e c t l   c l u s t e r - i n f o   K u b e r n e t e s   m a s t e r   i s   r u n n i n g   a t   h t t p s : / / 2 0 3 . 0 . 1 1 3 . 1 4 1   K u b e D N S   i s   r u n n i n g   a t   h t t p s : / / 2 0 3 . 0 . 1 1 3 . 1 4 1 / a p i / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / k u b e - s y s t e m / s e r v i c e s / k u b e - d n s / p r o x y   k u b e r n e t e s - d a s h b o a r d   i s   r u n n i n g   a t   h t t p s : / / 2 0 3 . 0 . 1 1 3 . 1 4 1 / a p i / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / k u b e - s y s t e m / s e r v i c e s / k u b e r n e t e s - d a s h b o a r d / p r o x y   G r a f a n a   i s   r u n n i n g   a t   h t t p s : / / 2 0 3 . 0 . 1 1 3 . 1 4 1 / a p i / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / k u b e - s y s t e m / s e r v i c e s / m o n i t o r i n g - g r a f a n a / p r o x y   H e a p s t e r   i s   r u n n i n g   a t   h t t


Question: What is ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding?

Answer: ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBindingValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding binds the ValidatingAdmissionPolicy with paramerized resources.apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1import "k8s.io/api/admissionregistration/v1"ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBindingValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding binds the ValidatingAdmissionPolicy with paramerized resources. ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding and parameter CRDs together define how cluster administrators configure policies for clusters.For a given admission request, each binding will cause its policy to be evaluated N times, where N is 1 for policies/bindings that don't use params, otherwise N is the number of parameters selected by the binding.The CEL expressions of a policy must have a computed CEL cost below the maximum CEL budget. Each evaluation of the policy is given an independent CEL cost budget. Adding/removing policies, bindings, or params can not affect whether a given (policy, binding, param) combination is within its own CEL budget.apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1kind: ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBindingmetadata (ObjectMeta)Standard object metadata; More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#metadata.spec (ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBindingSpec)Specification of the desired behavior of the ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding.ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBindingSpec is the specification of the ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding.spec.matchResources (MatchResources)MatchResources declares what resources match this binding and will be validated by it. Note that this is intersected with the policy's matchConstraints, so only requests that are matched by the policy can be selected by this. If this is unset, all resources matched by the policy are validated by this binding When resourceRules is unset, it does not constrain resource matching. If a resource is matched by the other fields of this object, it will be validated. Note that this is differs from ValidatingAdmissionPolicy matchConstraints, where resourceRules are required.MatchResources decides whether to run the admission control policy on an object based on whether it meets the match criteria. The exclude rules take precedence over include rules (if a resource matches both, it is excluded)spec.matchResources.excludeResourceRules ([]NamedRuleWithOperations)Atomic: will be replaced during a mergeExcludeResourceRules describes what operations on what resources/subresources the ValidatingAdmissionPolicy should not care about. The exclude rules take precedence over include rules (if a resource matches both, it is excluded)NamedRuleWithOperations is a tuple of Operations and Resources with ResourceNames.spec.matchResources.excludeResourceRules.apiGroups ([]string)Atomic: will be replaced during a mergeAPIGroups is the API groups the resources belong to. '' is all groups. If '' is present, the length of the slice must be one. Required.spec.matchResources.excludeResourceRules.apiVersions ([]string)Atomic: will b


Question: How does ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding work?

Answer: ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBindingValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding binds the ValidatingAdmissionPolicy with paramerized resources.apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1import "k8s.io/api/admissionregistration/v1"ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBindingValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding binds the ValidatingAdmissionPolicy with paramerized resources. ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding and parameter CRDs together define how cluster administrators configure policies for clusters.For a given admission request, each binding will cause its policy to be evaluated N times, where N is 1 for policies/bindings that don't use params, otherwise N is the number of parameters selected by the binding.The CEL expressions of a policy must have a computed CEL cost below the maximum CEL budget. Each evaluation of the policy is given an independent CEL cost budget. Adding/removing policies, bindings, or params can not affect whether a given (policy, binding, param) combination is within its own CEL budget.apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1kind: ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBindingmetadata (ObjectMeta)Standard object metadata; More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#metadata.spec (ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBindingSpec)Specification of the desired behavior of the ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding.ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBindingSpec is the specification of the ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding.spec.matchResources (MatchResources)MatchResources declares what resources match this binding and will be validated by it. Note that this is intersected with the policy's matchConstraints, so only requests that are matched by the policy can be selected by this. If this is unset, all resources matched by the policy are validated by this binding When resourceRules is unset, it does not constrain resource matching. If a resource is matched by the other fields of this object, it will be validated. Note that this is differs from ValidatingAdmissionPolicy matchConstraints, where resourceRules are required.MatchResources decides whether to run the admission control policy on an object based on whether it meets the match criteria. The exclude rules take precedence over include rules (if a resource matches both, it is excluded)spec.matchResources.excludeResourceRules ([]NamedRuleWithOperations)Atomic: will be replaced during a mergeExcludeResourceRules describes what operations on what resources/subresources the ValidatingAdmissionPolicy should not care about. The exclude rules take precedence over include rules (if a resource matches both, it is excluded)NamedRuleWithOperations is a tuple of Operations and Resources with ResourceNames.spec.matchResources.excludeResourceRules.apiGroups ([]string)Atomic: will be replaced during a mergeAPIGroups is the API groups the resources belong to. '' is all groups. If '' is present, the length of the slice must be one. Required.spec.matchResources.excludeResourceRules.apiVersions ([]string)Atomic: will b


Question: When would you use ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding?

Answer: ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBindingValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding binds the ValidatingAdmissionPolicy with paramerized resources.apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1import "k8s.io/api/admissionregistration/v1"ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBindingValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding binds the ValidatingAdmissionPolicy with paramerized resources. ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding and parameter CRDs together define how cluster administrators configure policies for clusters.For a given admission request, each binding will cause its policy to be evaluated N times, where N is 1 for policies/bindings that don't use params, otherwise N is the number of parameters selected by the binding.The CEL expressions of a policy must have a computed CEL cost below the maximum CEL budget. Each evaluation of the policy is given an independent CEL cost budget. Adding/removing policies, bindings, or params can not affect whether a given (policy, binding, param) combination is within its own CEL budget.apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1kind: ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBindingmetadata (ObjectMeta)Standard object metadata; More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#metadata.spec (ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBindingSpec)Specification of the desired behavior of the ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding.ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBindingSpec is the specification of the ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding.spec.matchResources (MatchResources)MatchResources declares what resources match this binding and will be validated by it. Note that this is intersected with the policy's matchConstraints, so only requests that are matched by the policy can be selected by this. If this is unset, all resources matched by the policy are validated by this binding When resourceRules is unset, it does not constrain resource matching. If a resource is matched by the other fields of this object, it will be validated. Note that this is differs from ValidatingAdmissionPolicy matchConstraints, where resourceRules are required.MatchResources decides whether to run the admission control policy on an object based on whether it meets the match criteria. The exclude rules take precedence over include rules (if a resource matches both, it is excluded)spec.matchResources.excludeResourceRules ([]NamedRuleWithOperations)Atomic: will be replaced during a mergeExcludeResourceRules describes what operations on what resources/subresources the ValidatingAdmissionPolicy should not care about. The exclude rules take precedence over include rules (if a resource matches both, it is excluded)NamedRuleWithOperations is a tuple of Operations and Resources with ResourceNames.spec.matchResources.excludeResourceRules.apiGroups ([]string)Atomic: will be replaced during a mergeAPIGroups is the API groups the resources belong to. '' is all groups. If '' is present, the length of the slice must be one. Required.spec.matchResources.excludeResourceRules.apiVersions ([]string)Atomic: will b


Question: What are the benefits of ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding?

Answer: ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBindingValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding binds the ValidatingAdmissionPolicy with paramerized resources.apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1import "k8s.io/api/admissionregistration/v1"ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBindingValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding binds the ValidatingAdmissionPolicy with paramerized resources. ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding and parameter CRDs together define how cluster administrators configure policies for clusters.For a given admission request, each binding will cause its policy to be evaluated N times, where N is 1 for policies/bindings that don't use params, otherwise N is the number of parameters selected by the binding.The CEL expressions of a policy must have a computed CEL cost below the maximum CEL budget. Each evaluation of the policy is given an independent CEL cost budget. Adding/removing policies, bindings, or params can not affect whether a given (policy, binding, param) combination is within its own CEL budget.apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1kind: ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBindingmetadata (ObjectMeta)Standard object metadata; More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#metadata.spec (ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBindingSpec)Specification of the desired behavior of the ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding.ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBindingSpec is the specification of the ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding.spec.matchResources (MatchResources)MatchResources declares what resources match this binding and will be validated by it. Note that this is intersected with the policy's matchConstraints, so only requests that are matched by the policy can be selected by this. If this is unset, all resources matched by the policy are validated by this binding When resourceRules is unset, it does not constrain resource matching. If a resource is matched by the other fields of this object, it will be validated. Note that this is differs from ValidatingAdmissionPolicy matchConstraints, where resourceRules are required.MatchResources decides whether to run the admission control policy on an object based on whether it meets the match criteria. The exclude rules take precedence over include rules (if a resource matches both, it is excluded)spec.matchResources.excludeResourceRules ([]NamedRuleWithOperations)Atomic: will be replaced during a mergeExcludeResourceRules describes what operations on what resources/subresources the ValidatingAdmissionPolicy should not care about. The exclude rules take precedence over include rules (if a resource matches both, it is excluded)NamedRuleWithOperations is a tuple of Operations and Resources with ResourceNames.spec.matchResources.excludeResourceRules.apiGroups ([]string)Atomic: will be replaced during a mergeAPIGroups is the API groups the resources belong to. '' is all groups. If '' is present, the length of the slice must be one. Required.spec.matchResources.excludeResourceRules.apiVersions ([]string)Atomic: will b


Question: What is ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding?

Answer: a p i V e r s i o n :   a d m i s s i o n r e g i s t r a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1   i m p o r t   " k 8 s . i o / a p i / a d m i s s i o n r e g i s t r a t i o n / v 1 "


Question: What is ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding?

Answer: V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g   b i n d s   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y   w i t h   p a r a m e r i z e d   r e s o u r c e s .   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g   a n d   p a r a m e t e r   C R D s   t o g e t h e r   d e f i n e   h o w   c l u s t e r   a d m i n i s t r a t o r s   c o n f i g u r e   p o l i c i e s   f o r   c l u s t e r s .   F o r   a   g i v e n   a d m i s s i o n   r e q u e s t ,   e a c h   b i n d i n g   w i l l   c a u s e   i t s   p o l i c y   t o   b e   e v a l u a t e d   N   t i m e s ,   w h e r e   N   i s   1   f o r   p o l i c i e s / b i n d i n g s   t h a t   d o n ' t   u s e   p a r a m s ,   o t h e r w i s e   N   i s   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   p a r a m e t e r s   s e l e c t e d   b y   t h e   b i n d i n g .   T h e   C E L   e x p r e s s i o n s   o f   a   p o l i c y   m u s t   h a v e   a   c o m p u t e d   C E L   c o s t   b e l o w   t h e   m a x i m u m   C E L   b u d g e t .   E a c h   e v a l u a t i o n   o f   t h e   p o l i c y   i s   g i v e n   a n   i n d e p e n d e n t   C E L   c o s t   b u d g e t .   A d d i n g / r e m o v i n g   p o l i c i e s ,   b i n d i n g s ,   o r   p a r a m s   c a n   n o t   a f f e c t   w h e t h e r   a   g i v e n   ( p o l i c y ,   b i n d i n g ,   p a r a m )   c o m b i n a t i o n   i s   w i t h i n   i t s   o w n   C E L   b u d g e t .   a p i V e r s i o n :   a d m i s s i o n r e g i s t r a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 k i n d :   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g m e t a d a t a   ( O b j e c t M e t a ) S t a n d a r d   o b j e c t   m e t a d a t a ;   M o r e   i n f o :   h t t p s : / / g i t . k 8 s . i o / c o m m u n i t y / c o n t r i b u t o r s / d e v e l / s i g - a r c h i t e c t u r e / a p i - c o n v e n t i o n s . m d # m e t a d a t a . s p e c   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s


Question: What is ValidatingAdmissionPolicy?

Answer: V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y   d e s c r i b e s   t h e   d e f i n i t i o n   o f   a n   a d m i s s i o n   v a l i d a t i o n   p o l i c y   t h a t   a c c e p t s   o r   r e j e c t s   a n   o b j e c t   w i t h o u t   c h a n g i n g   i t .   a p i V e r s i o n   ( s t r i n g ) A P I V e r s i o n   d e f i n e s   t h e   v e r s i o n e d   s c h e m a   o f   t h i s   r e p r e s e n t a t i o n   o f   a n   o b j e c t .   S e r v e r s   s h o u l d   c o n v e r t   r e c o g n i z e d   s c h e m a s   t o   t h e   l a t e s t   i n t e r n a l   v a l u e ,   a n d   m a y   r e j e c t   u n r e c o g n i z e d   v a l u e s .   M o r e   i n f o :   h t t p s : / / g i t . k 8 s . i o / c o m m u n i t y / c o n t r i b u t o r s / d e v e l / s i g - a r c h i t e c t u r e / a p i - c o n v e n t i o n s . m d # r e s o u r c e s k i n d   ( s t r i n g ) K i n d   i s   a   s t r i n g   v a l u e   r e p r e s e n t i n g   t h e   R E S T   r e s o u r c e   t h i s   o b j e c t   r e p r e s e n t s .   S e r v e r s   m a y   i n f e r   t h i s   f r o m   t h e   e n d p o i n t   t h e   c l i e n t   s u b m i t s   r e q u e s t s   t o .   C a n n o t   b e   u p d a t e d .   I n   C a m e l C a s e .   M o r e   i n f o :   h t t p s : / / g i t . k 8 s . i o / c o m m u n i t y / c o n t r i b u t o r s / d e v e l / s i g - a r c h i t e c t u r e / a p i - c o n v e n t i o n s . m d # t y p e s - k i n d s m e t a d a t a   ( O b j e c t M e t a ) S t a n d a r d   o b j e c t   m e t a d a t a ;   M o r e   i n f o :   h t t p s : / / g i t . k 8 s . i o / c o m m u n i t y / c o n t r i b u t o r s / d e v e l / s i g - a r c h i t e c t u r e / a p i - c o n v e n t i o n s . m d # m e t a d a t a . s p e c   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y S p e c ) S p e c i f i c a t i o n   o f   t h e   d e s i r e d   b e h a v i o r   o f   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i


Question: What is ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBindingList?

Answer: V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g L i s t   i s   a   l i s t   o f   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g .   i t e m s   ( [ ] V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g ) ,   r e q u i r e d L i s t   o f   P o l i c y B i n d i n g . a p i V e r s i o n   ( s t r i n g ) A P I V e r s i o n   d e f i n e s   t h e   v e r s i o n e d   s c h e m a   o f   t h i s   r e p r e s e n t a t i o n   o f   a n   o b j e c t .   S e r v e r s   s h o u l d   c o n v e r t   r e c o g n i z e d   s c h e m a s   t o   t h e   l a t e s t   i n t e r n a l   v a l u e ,   a n d   m a y   r e j e c t   u n r e c o g n i z e d   v a l u e s .   M o r e   i n f o :   h t t p s : / / g i t . k 8 s . i o / c o m m u n i t y / c o n t r i b u t o r s / d e v e l / s i g - a r c h i t e c t u r e / a p i - c o n v e n t i o n s . m d # r e s o u r c e s k i n d   ( s t r i n g ) K i n d   i s   a   s t r i n g   v a l u e   r e p r e s e n t i n g   t h e   R E S T   r e s o u r c e   t h i s   o b j e c t   r e p r e s e n t s .   S e r v e r s   m a y   i n f e r   t h i s   f r o m   t h e   e n d p o i n t   t h e   c l i e n t   s u b m i t s   r e q u e s t s   t o .   C a n n o t   b e   u p d a t e d .   I n   C a m e l C a s e .   M o r e   i n f o :   h t t p s : / / g i t . k 8 s . i o / c o m m u n i t y / c o n t r i b u t o r s / d e v e l / s i g - a r c h i t e c t u r e / a p i - c o n v e n t i o n s . m d # t y p e s - k i n d s m e t a d a t a   ( L i s t M e t a ) S t a n d a r d   l i s t   m e t a d a t a .   M o r e   i n f o :   h t t p s : / / g i t . k 8 s . i o / c o m m u n i t y / c o n t r i b u t o r s / d e v e l / s i g - a r c h i t e c t u r e / a p i - c o n v e n t i o n s . m d # t y p e s - k i n d s   i t e m s   ( [ ] V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g ) ,   r e q u i r e d   L i s t   o f   P o l i c y B i n d i n g .   a p i V e


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: G E T   / a p i s / a d m i s s i o n r e g i s t r a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / v a l i d a t i n g a d m i s s i o n p o l i c y b i n d i n g s / { n a m e }


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g ) :   O K   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: G E T   / a p i s / a d m i s s i o n r e g i s t r a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / v a l i d a t i n g a d m i s s i o n p o l i c y b i n d i n g s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g c o n t i n u e f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d S e l e c t o r l a b e l S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g l a b e l S e l e c t o r l i m i t   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r l i m i t p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r t i m e o u t S e c o n d s w a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n w a t c h   a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s   c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   c o n t i n u e   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   l a b e l S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   l a b e l S e l e c t o r   l i m i t   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r   l i m i t   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r   t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   w a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   w a t c h


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g L i s t ) :   O K   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: P O S T   / a p i s / a d m i s s i o n r e g i s t r a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / v a l i d a t i n g a d m i s s i o n p o l i c y b i n d i n g s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: b o d y :   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g ,   r e q u i r e d d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d M a n a g e r f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   b o d y :   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d M a n a g e r   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g ) :   O K   2 0 1   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g ) :   C r e a t e d   2 0 2   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g ) :   A c c e p t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: P U T   / a p i s / a d m i s s i o n r e g i s t r a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / v a l i d a t i n g a d m i s s i o n p o l i c y b i n d i n g s / { n a m e }


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g b o d y :   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g ,   r e q u i r e d d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d M a n a g e r f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g   b o d y :   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d M a n a g e r   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g ) :   O K   2 0 1   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g ) :   C r e a t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: P A T C H   / a p i s / a d m i s s i o n r e g i s t r a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / v a l i d a t i n g a d m i s s i o n p o l i c y b i n d i n g s / { n a m e }


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g b o d y :   P a t c h ,   r e q u i r e d d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d M a n a g e r f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n f o r c e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n f o r c e p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g   b o d y :   P a t c h ,   r e q u i r e d   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d M a n a g e r   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   f o r c e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   f o r c e   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g ) :   O K   2 0 1   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g ) :   C r e a t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: D E L E T E   / a p i s / a d m i s s i o n r e g i s t r a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / v a l i d a t i n g a d m i s s i o n p o l i c y b i n d i n g s / { n a m e }


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g b o d y :   D e l e t e O p t i o n s d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g   b o d y :   D e l e t e O p t i o n s   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r   g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y   p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( S t a t u s ) :   O K   2 0 2   ( S t a t u s ) :   A c c e p t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: D E L E T E   / a p i s / a d m i s s i o n r e g i s t r a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / v a l i d a t i n g a d m i s s i o n p o l i c y b i n d i n g s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: b o d y :   D e l e t e O p t i o n s c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g c o n t i n u e d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d S e l e c t o r g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l l a b e l S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g l a b e l S e l e c t o r l i m i t   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r l i m i t p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   b o d y :   D e l e t e O p t i o n s   c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   c o n t i n u e   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r   g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l   l a b e l S e l e c t o r   (


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( S t a t u s ) :   O K   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d   T h i s   p a g e   i s   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   g e n e r a t e d .   I f   y o u   p l a n   t o   r e p o r t   a n   i s s u e   w i t h   t h i s   p a g e ,   m e n t i o n   t h a t   t h e   p a g e   i s   a u t o - g e n e r a t e d   i n   y o u r   i s s u e   d e s c r i p t i o n .   T h e   f i x   m a y   n e e d   t o   h a p p e n   e l s e w h e r e   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t .


Question: What is Security?

Answer: This is the multi-page printable view of this section. Click here to print.Return to the regular view of this page.SecurityConcepts for keeping your cloud-native workload secure.1: Cloud Native Security and Kubernetes2: Pod Security Standards3: Pod Security Admission4: Service Accounts5: Pod Security Policies6: Security For Linux Nodes7: Security For Windows Nodes8: Controlling Access to the Kubernetes API9: Role Based Access Control Good Practices10: Good practices for Kubernetes Secrets11: Multi-tenancy12: Hardening Guide - Authentication Mechanisms13: Hardening Guide - Scheduler Configuration14: Kubernetes API Server Bypass Risks15: Linux kernel security constraints for Pods and containers16: Security Checklist17: Application Security ChecklistThis section of the Kubernetes documentation aims to help you learn to run workloads more securely, and about the essential aspects of keeping a Kubernetes cluster secure.Kubernetes is based on a cloud-native architecture, and draws on advice from the CNCF about good practice for cloud native information security.Read Cloud Native Security and Kubernetes for the broader context about how to secure your cluster and the applications that you're running on it.Kubernetes security mechanismsKubernetes includes several APIs and security controls, as well as ways to define policies that can form part of how you manage information security.Control plane protectionA key security mechanism for any Kubernetes cluster is to control access to the Kubernetes API.Kubernetes expects you to configure and use TLS to provide data encryption in transit within the control plane, and between the control plane and its clients. You can also enable encryption at rest for the data stored within Kubernetes control plane; this is separate from using encryption at rest for your own workloads' data, which might also be a good idea.SecretsThe Secret API provides basic protection for configuration values that require confidentiality.Workload protectionEnforce Pod security standards to ensure that Pods and their containers are isolated appropriately. You can also use RuntimeClasses to define custom isolation if you need it.Network policies let you control network traffic between Pods, or between Pods and the network outside your cluster.You can deploy security controls from the wider ecosystem to implement preventative or detective controls around Pods, their containers, and the images that run in them.Admission controlAdmission controllers are plugins that intercept Kubernetes API requests and can validate or mutate the requests based on specific fields in the request. Thoughtfully designing these controllers helps to avoid unintended disruptions as Kubernetes APIs change across version updates. For design considerations, see Admission Webhook Good Practices.AuditingKubernetes audit logging provides a security-relevant, chronological set of records documenting the sequence of actions in a cluster. The cluster audits the activities gene


Question: How does Security work?

Answer: This is the multi-page printable view of this section. Click here to print.Return to the regular view of this page.SecurityConcepts for keeping your cloud-native workload secure.1: Cloud Native Security and Kubernetes2: Pod Security Standards3: Pod Security Admission4: Service Accounts5: Pod Security Policies6: Security For Linux Nodes7: Security For Windows Nodes8: Controlling Access to the Kubernetes API9: Role Based Access Control Good Practices10: Good practices for Kubernetes Secrets11: Multi-tenancy12: Hardening Guide - Authentication Mechanisms13: Hardening Guide - Scheduler Configuration14: Kubernetes API Server Bypass Risks15: Linux kernel security constraints for Pods and containers16: Security Checklist17: Application Security ChecklistThis section of the Kubernetes documentation aims to help you learn to run workloads more securely, and about the essential aspects of keeping a Kubernetes cluster secure.Kubernetes is based on a cloud-native architecture, and draws on advice from the CNCF about good practice for cloud native information security.Read Cloud Native Security and Kubernetes for the broader context about how to secure your cluster and the applications that you're running on it.Kubernetes security mechanismsKubernetes includes several APIs and security controls, as well as ways to define policies that can form part of how you manage information security.Control plane protectionA key security mechanism for any Kubernetes cluster is to control access to the Kubernetes API.Kubernetes expects you to configure and use TLS to provide data encryption in transit within the control plane, and between the control plane and its clients. You can also enable encryption at rest for the data stored within Kubernetes control plane; this is separate from using encryption at rest for your own workloads' data, which might also be a good idea.SecretsThe Secret API provides basic protection for configuration values that require confidentiality.Workload protectionEnforce Pod security standards to ensure that Pods and their containers are isolated appropriately. You can also use RuntimeClasses to define custom isolation if you need it.Network policies let you control network traffic between Pods, or between Pods and the network outside your cluster.You can deploy security controls from the wider ecosystem to implement preventative or detective controls around Pods, their containers, and the images that run in them.Admission controlAdmission controllers are plugins that intercept Kubernetes API requests and can validate or mutate the requests based on specific fields in the request. Thoughtfully designing these controllers helps to avoid unintended disruptions as Kubernetes APIs change across version updates. For design considerations, see Admission Webhook Good Practices.AuditingKubernetes audit logging provides a security-relevant, chronological set of records documenting the sequence of actions in a cluster. The cluster audits the activities gene


Question: When would you use Security?

Answer: This is the multi-page printable view of this section. Click here to print.Return to the regular view of this page.SecurityConcepts for keeping your cloud-native workload secure.1: Cloud Native Security and Kubernetes2: Pod Security Standards3: Pod Security Admission4: Service Accounts5: Pod Security Policies6: Security For Linux Nodes7: Security For Windows Nodes8: Controlling Access to the Kubernetes API9: Role Based Access Control Good Practices10: Good practices for Kubernetes Secrets11: Multi-tenancy12: Hardening Guide - Authentication Mechanisms13: Hardening Guide - Scheduler Configuration14: Kubernetes API Server Bypass Risks15: Linux kernel security constraints for Pods and containers16: Security Checklist17: Application Security ChecklistThis section of the Kubernetes documentation aims to help you learn to run workloads more securely, and about the essential aspects of keeping a Kubernetes cluster secure.Kubernetes is based on a cloud-native architecture, and draws on advice from the CNCF about good practice for cloud native information security.Read Cloud Native Security and Kubernetes for the broader context about how to secure your cluster and the applications that you're running on it.Kubernetes security mechanismsKubernetes includes several APIs and security controls, as well as ways to define policies that can form part of how you manage information security.Control plane protectionA key security mechanism for any Kubernetes cluster is to control access to the Kubernetes API.Kubernetes expects you to configure and use TLS to provide data encryption in transit within the control plane, and between the control plane and its clients. You can also enable encryption at rest for the data stored within Kubernetes control plane; this is separate from using encryption at rest for your own workloads' data, which might also be a good idea.SecretsThe Secret API provides basic protection for configuration values that require confidentiality.Workload protectionEnforce Pod security standards to ensure that Pods and their containers are isolated appropriately. You can also use RuntimeClasses to define custom isolation if you need it.Network policies let you control network traffic between Pods, or between Pods and the network outside your cluster.You can deploy security controls from the wider ecosystem to implement preventative or detective controls around Pods, their containers, and the images that run in them.Admission controlAdmission controllers are plugins that intercept Kubernetes API requests and can validate or mutate the requests based on specific fields in the request. Thoughtfully designing these controllers helps to avoid unintended disruptions as Kubernetes APIs change across version updates. For design considerations, see Admission Webhook Good Practices.AuditingKubernetes audit logging provides a security-relevant, chronological set of records documenting the sequence of actions in a cluster. The cluster audits the activities gene