Question: What are the benefits of ResourceClaim?

Answer: ResourceClaimResourceClaim describes a request for access to resources in the cluster, for use by workloads.apiVersion: resource.k8s.io/v1import "k8s.io/api/resource/v1"ResourceClaimResourceClaim describes a request for access to resources in the cluster, for use by workloads. For example, if a workload needs an accelerator device with specific properties, this is how that request is expressed. The status stanza tracks whether this claim has been satisfied and what specific resources have been allocated.This is an alpha type and requires enabling the DynamicResourceAllocation feature gate.apiVersion: resource.k8s.io/v1kind: ResourceClaimmetadata (ObjectMeta)Standard object metadataspec (ResourceClaimSpec), requiredSpec describes what is being requested and how to configure it. The spec is immutable.status (ResourceClaimStatus)Status describes whether the claim is ready to use and what has been allocated.ResourceClaimSpecResourceClaimSpec defines what is being requested in a ResourceClaim and how to configure it.devices (DeviceClaim)Devices defines how to request devices.DeviceClaim defines how to request devices with a ResourceClaim.devices.config ([]DeviceClaimConfiguration)Atomic: will be replaced during a mergeThis field holds configuration for multiple potential drivers which could satisfy requests in this claim. It is ignored while allocating the claim.DeviceClaimConfiguration is used for configuration parameters in DeviceClaim.devices.config.opaque (OpaqueDeviceConfiguration)Opaque provides driver-specific configuration parameters.OpaqueDeviceConfiguration contains configuration parameters for a driver in a format defined by the driver vendor.devices.config.opaque.driver (string), requiredDriver is used to determine which kubelet plugin needs to be passed these configuration parameters.An admission policy provided by the driver developer could use this to decide whether it needs to validate them.Must be a DNS subdomain and should end with a DNS domain owned by the vendor of the driver.devices.config.opaque.parameters (RawExtension), requiredParameters can contain arbitrary data. It is the responsibility of the driver developer to handle validation and versioning. Typically this includes self-identification and a version ("kind" + "apiVersion" for Kubernetes types), with conversion between different versions.The length of the raw data must be smaller or equal to 10 Ki.*RawExtension is used to hold extensions in external versions.To use this, make a field which has RawExtension as its type in your external, versioned struct, and Object in your internal struct. You also need to register your various plugin types.// Internal package:type MyAPIObject struct { runtime.TypeMeta `json:",inline"` MyPlugin runtime.Object `json:"myPlugin"` } type PluginA struct { AOption string `json:"aOption"` } // External package:type MyAPIObject struct { runtime.TypeMeta `json:",inline"` MyPlugin runtime.RawExtension `json:"myPlugin"` } type PluginA struct { AOpti


Question: What is ResourceClaim?

Answer: a p i V e r s i o n :   r e s o u r c e . k 8 s . i o / v 1   i m p o r t   " k 8 s . i o / a p i / r e s o u r c e / v 1 "


Question: What is ResourceClaim?

Answer: R e s o u r c e C l a i m   d e s c r i b e s   a   r e q u e s t   f o r   a c c e s s   t o   r e s o u r c e s   i n   t h e   c l u s t e r ,   f o r   u s e   b y   w o r k l o a d s .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   i f   a   w o r k l o a d   n e e d s   a n   a c c e l e r a t o r   d e v i c e   w i t h   s p e c i f i c   p r o p e r t i e s ,   t h i s   i s   h o w   t h a t   r e q u e s t   i s   e x p r e s s e d .   T h e   s t a t u s   s t a n z a   t r a c k s   w h e t h e r   t h i s   c l a i m   h a s   b e e n   s a t i s f i e d   a n d   w h a t   s p e c i f i c   r e s o u r c e s   h a v e   b e e n   a l l o c a t e d .   T h i s   i s   a n   a l p h a   t y p e   a n d   r e q u i r e s   e n a b l i n g   t h e   D y n a m i c R e s o u r c e A l l o c a t i o n   f e a t u r e   g a t e .   a p i V e r s i o n :   r e s o u r c e . k 8 s . i o / v 1 k i n d :   R e s o u r c e C l a i m m e t a d a t a   ( O b j e c t M e t a ) S t a n d a r d   o b j e c t   m e t a d a t a s p e c   ( R e s o u r c e C l a i m S p e c ) ,   r e q u i r e d S p e c   d e s c r i b e s   w h a t   i s   b e i n g   r e q u e s t e d   a n d   h o w   t o   c o n f i g u r e   i t .   T h e   s p e c   i s   i m m u t a b l e . s t a t u s   ( R e s o u r c e C l a i m S t a t u s ) S t a t u s   d e s c r i b e s   w h e t h e r   t h e   c l a i m   i s   r e a d y   t o   u s e   a n d   w h a t   h a s   b e e n   a l l o c a t e d .   a p i V e r s i o n :   r e s o u r c e . k 8 s . i o / v 1   k i n d :   R e s o u r c e C l a i m   m e t a d a t a   ( O b j e c t M e t a )   S t a n d a r d   o b j e c t   m e t a d a t a   s p e c   ( R e s o u r c e C l a i m S p e c ) ,   r e q u i r e d   S p e c   d e s c r i b e s   w h a t   i s   b e i n g   r e q u e s t e d   a n d   h o w   t o   c o n f i g u r e   i t .   T h e   s p e c   i s   i m m u t a b l e .   s t a t u s   ( R e s o u r c e C l a i m S t a t u s )   S t a t u s   d e s c r i


Question: What is ResourceClaimSpec?

Answer: R e s o u r c e C l a i m S p e c   d e f i n e s   w h a t   i s   b e i n g   r e q u e s t e d   i n   a   R e s o u r c e C l a i m   a n d   h o w   t o   c o n f i g u r e   i t .   d e v i c e s   ( D e v i c e C l a i m ) D e v i c e s   d e f i n e s   h o w   t o   r e q u e s t   d e v i c e s . D e v i c e C l a i m   d e f i n e s   h o w   t o   r e q u e s t   d e v i c e s   w i t h   a   R e s o u r c e C l a i m . d e v i c e s . c o n f i g   ( [ ] D e v i c e C l a i m C o n f i g u r a t i o n ) A t o m i c :   w i l l   b e   r e p l a c e d   d u r i n g   a   m e r g e T h i s   f i e l d   h o l d s   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   f o r   m u l t i p l e   p o t e n t i a l   d r i v e r s   w h i c h   c o u l d   s a t i s f y   r e q u e s t s   i n   t h i s   c l a i m .   I t   i s   i g n o r e d   w h i l e   a l l o c a t i n g   t h e   c l a i m . D e v i c e C l a i m C o n f i g u r a t i o n   i s   u s e d   f o r   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   p a r a m e t e r s   i n   D e v i c e C l a i m . d e v i c e s . c o n f i g . o p a q u e   ( O p a q u e D e v i c e C o n f i g u r a t i o n ) O p a q u e   p r o v i d e s   d r i v e r - s p e c i f i c   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   p a r a m e t e r s . O p a q u e D e v i c e C o n f i g u r a t i o n   c o n t a i n s   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   p a r a m e t e r s   f o r   a   d r i v e r   i n   a   f o r m a t   d e f i n e d   b y   t h e   d r i v e r   v e n d o r . d e v i c e s . c o n f i g . o p a q u e . d r i v e r   ( s t r i n g ) ,   r e q u i r e d D r i v e r   i s   u s e d   t o   d e t e r m i n e   w h i c h   k u b e l e t   p l u g i n   n e e d s   t o   b e   p a s s e d   t h e s e   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   p a r a m e t e r s . A n   a d m i s s i o n   p o l i c y   p r o v i d e d   b y   t h e   d r i v e r   d e v e l o p e r   c o u l d   u s e   t h i s   t o   d e c i d e   w h e t h e r   i t   n e e d s   t o   v a l i d a t e   t h e


Question: What is ResourceClaimStatus?

Answer: R e s o u r c e C l a i m S t a t u s   t r a c k s   w h e t h e r   t h e   r e s o u r c e   h a s   b e e n   a l l o c a t e d   a n d   w h a t   t h e   r e s u l t   o f   t h a t   w a s .   a l l o c a t i o n   ( A l l o c a t i o n R e s u l t ) A l l o c a t i o n   i s   s e t   o n c e   t h e   c l a i m   h a s   b e e n   a l l o c a t e d   s u c c e s s f u l l y . A l l o c a t i o n R e s u l t   c o n t a i n s   a t t r i b u t e s   o f   a n   a l l o c a t e d   r e s o u r c e . a l l o c a t i o n . a l l o c a t i o n T i m e s t a m p   ( T i m e ) A l l o c a t i o n T i m e s t a m p   s t o r e s   t h e   t i m e   w h e n   t h e   r e s o u r c e s   w e r e   a l l o c a t e d .   T h i s   f i e l d   i s   n o t   g u a r a n t e e d   t o   b e   s e t ,   i n   w h i c h   c a s e   t h a t   t i m e   i s   u n k n o w n . T h i s   i s   a n   a l p h a   f i e l d   a n d   r e q u i r e s   e n a b l i n g   t h e   D R A D e v i c e B i n d i n g C o n d i t i o n s   a n d   D R A R e s o u r c e C l a i m D e v i c e S t a t u s   f e a t u r e   g a t e . T i m e   i s   a   w r a p p e r   a r o u n d   t i m e . T i m e   w h i c h   s u p p o r t s   c o r r e c t   m a r s h a l i n g   t o   Y A M L   a n d   J S O N .   W r a p p e r s   a r e   p r o v i d e d   f o r   m a n y   o f   t h e   f a c t o r y   m e t h o d s   t h a t   t h e   t i m e   p a c k a g e   o f f e r s . a l l o c a t i o n . d e v i c e s   ( D e v i c e A l l o c a t i o n R e s u l t ) D e v i c e s   i s   t h e   r e s u l t   o f   a l l o c a t i n g   d e v i c e s . D e v i c e A l l o c a t i o n R e s u l t   i s   t h e   r e s u l t   o f   a l l o c a t i n g   d e v i c e s . a l l o c a t i o n . d e v i c e s . c o n f i g   ( [ ] D e v i c e A l l o c a t i o n C o n f i g u r a t i o n ) A t o m i c :   w i l l   b e   r e p l a c e d   d u r i n g   a   m e r g e T h i s   f i e l d   i s   a   c o m b i n a t i


Question: What is ResourceClaimList?

Answer: R e s o u r c e C l a i m L i s t   i s   a   c o l l e c t i o n   o f   c l a i m s .   a p i V e r s i o n :   r e s o u r c e . k 8 s . i o / v 1 k i n d :   R e s o u r c e C l a i m L i s t m e t a d a t a   ( L i s t M e t a ) S t a n d a r d   l i s t   m e t a d a t a i t e m s   ( [ ] R e s o u r c e C l a i m ) ,   r e q u i r e d I t e m s   i s   t h e   l i s t   o f   r e s o u r c e   c l a i m s .   a p i V e r s i o n :   r e s o u r c e . k 8 s . i o / v 1   k i n d :   R e s o u r c e C l a i m L i s t   m e t a d a t a   ( L i s t M e t a )   S t a n d a r d   l i s t   m e t a d a t a   i t e m s   ( [ ] R e s o u r c e C l a i m ) ,   r e q u i r e d   I t e m s   i s   t h e   l i s t   o f   r e s o u r c e   c l a i m s .


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: G E T   / a p i s / r e s o u r c e . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / r e s o u r c e c l a i m s / { n a m e }


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   R e s o u r c e C l a i m n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   R e s o u r c e C l a i m   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( R e s o u r c e C l a i m ) :   O K   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: G E T   / a p i s / r e s o u r c e . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / r e s o u r c e c l a i m s / { n a m e } / s t a t u s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   R e s o u r c e C l a i m n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   R e s o u r c e C l a i m   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( R e s o u r c e C l a i m ) :   O K   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: G E T   / a p i s / r e s o u r c e . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / r e s o u r c e c l a i m s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g c o n t i n u e f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d S e l e c t o r l a b e l S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g l a b e l S e l e c t o r l i m i t   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r l i m i t p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r t i m e o u t S e c o n d s w a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n w a t c h   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s   c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   c o n t i n u e   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   l a b e l S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   l a b e l S e l e c t o r   l i m i t   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r   l i m i t   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( R e s o u r c e C l a i m L i s t ) :   O K   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: G E T   / a p i s / r e s o u r c e . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / r e s o u r c e c l a i m s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g c o n t i n u e f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d S e l e c t o r l a b e l S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g l a b e l S e l e c t o r l i m i t   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r l i m i t p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r t i m e o u t S e c o n d s w a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n w a t c h   a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s   c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   c o n t i n u e   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   l a b e l S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   l a b e l S e l e c t o r   l i m i t   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r   l i m i t   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r   t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   w a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   w a t c h


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( R e s o u r c e C l a i m L i s t ) :   O K   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: P O S T   / a p i s / r e s o u r c e . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / r e s o u r c e c l a i m s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e b o d y :   R e s o u r c e C l a i m ,   r e q u i r e d d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d M a n a g e r f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   b o d y :   R e s o u r c e C l a i m ,   r e q u i r e d   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d M a n a g e r   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( R e s o u r c e C l a i m ) :   O K   2 0 1   ( R e s o u r c e C l a i m ) :   C r e a t e d   2 0 2   ( R e s o u r c e C l a i m ) :   A c c e p t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: P U T   / a p i s / r e s o u r c e . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / r e s o u r c e c l a i m s / { n a m e }


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   R e s o u r c e C l a i m n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e b o d y :   R e s o u r c e C l a i m ,   r e q u i r e d d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d M a n a g e r f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   R e s o u r c e C l a i m   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   b o d y :   R e s o u r c e C l a i m ,   r e q u i r e d   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d M a n a g e r   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( R e s o u r c e C l a i m ) :   O K   2 0 1   ( R e s o u r c e C l a i m ) :   C r e a t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: P U T   / a p i s / r e s o u r c e . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / r e s o u r c e c l a i m s / { n a m e } / s t a t u s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   R e s o u r c e C l a i m n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e b o d y :   R e s o u r c e C l a i m ,   r e q u i r e d d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d M a n a g e r f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   R e s o u r c e C l a i m   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   b o d y :   R e s o u r c e C l a i m ,   r e q u i r e d   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d M a n a g e r   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( R e s o u r c e C l a i m ) :   O K   2 0 1   ( R e s o u r c e C l a i m ) :   C r e a t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: P A T C H   / a p i s / r e s o u r c e . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / r e s o u r c e c l a i m s / { n a m e }


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   R e s o u r c e C l a i m n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e b o d y :   P a t c h ,   r e q u i r e d d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d M a n a g e r f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n f o r c e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n f o r c e p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   R e s o u r c e C l a i m   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   b o d y :   P a t c h ,   r e q u i r e d   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d M a n a g e r   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   f o r c e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   f o r c e   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( R e s o u r c e C l a i m ) :   O K   2 0 1   ( R e s o u r c e C l a i m ) :   C r e a t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: P A T C H   / a p i s / r e s o u r c e . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / r e s o u r c e c l a i m s / { n a m e } / s t a t u s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   R e s o u r c e C l a i m n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e b o d y :   P a t c h ,   r e q u i r e d d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d M a n a g e r f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n f o r c e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n f o r c e p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   R e s o u r c e C l a i m   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   b o d y :   P a t c h ,   r e q u i r e d   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d M a n a g e r   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   f o r c e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   f o r c e   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( R e s o u r c e C l a i m ) :   O K   2 0 1   ( R e s o u r c e C l a i m ) :   C r e a t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: D E L E T E   / a p i s / r e s o u r c e . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / r e s o u r c e c l a i m s / { n a m e }


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   R e s o u r c e C l a i m n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e b o d y :   D e l e t e O p t i o n s d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   R e s o u r c e C l a i m   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   b o d y :   D e l e t e O p t i o n s   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r   g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y   p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( R e s o u r c e C l a i m ) :   O K   2 0 2   ( R e s o u r c e C l a i m ) :   A c c e p t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: D E L E T E   / a p i s / r e s o u r c e . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / r e s o u r c e c l a i m s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e b o d y :   D e l e t e O p t i o n s c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g c o n t i n u e d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d S e l e c t o r g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l l a b e l S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g l a b e l S e l e c t o r l i m i t   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r l i m i t p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   b o d y :   D e l e t e O p t i o n s   c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   c o n t i n u e   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r   g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( S t a t u s ) :   O K   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d   T h i s   p a g e   i s   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   g e n e r a t e d .   I f   y o u   p l a n   t o   r e p o r t   a n   i s s u e   w i t h   t h i s   p a g e ,   m e n t i o n   t h a t   t h e   p a g e   i s   a u t o - g e n e r a t e d   i n   y o u r   i s s u e   d e s c r i p t i o n .   T h e   f i x   m a y   n e e d   t o   h a p p e n   e l s e w h e r e   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t .


Question: What is Running Kubernetes Node Components as a Non-root User?

Answer: Running Kubernetes Node Components as a Non-root UserFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.22 [alpha]This document describes how to run Kubernetes Node components such as kubelet, CRI, OCI, and CNI without root privileges, by using a user namespace.This technique is also known as rootless mode.Note:This document describes how to run Kubernetes Node components (and hence pods) as a non-root user.If you are just looking for how to run a pod as a non-root user, see SecurityContext.Before you beginYour Kubernetes server must be at or later than version 1.22.To check the version, enter kubectl version.Enable Cgroup v2Enable systemd with user sessionConfigure several sysctl values, depending on host Linux distributionEnsure that your unprivileged user is listed in /etc/subuid and /etc/subgidEnable the KubeletInUserNamespace feature gateRunning Kubernetes inside Rootless Docker/Podmankindkind supports running Kubernetes inside Rootless Docker or Rootless Podman.See Running kind with Rootless Docker.minikubeminikube also supports running Kubernetes inside Rootless Docker or Rootless Podman.See the Minikube documentation:Rootless DockerRootless PodmanRunning Kubernetes inside Unprivileged ContainersNote: This section links to third party projects that provide functionality required by Kubernetes. The Kubernetes project authors aren't responsible for these projects, which are listed alphabetically. To add a project to this list, read the content guide before submitting a change. More information.sysboxSysbox is an open-source container runtime (similar to "runc") that supports running system-level workloads such as Docker and Kubernetes inside unprivileged containers isolated with the Linux user namespace.See Sysbox Quick Start Guide: Kubernetes-in-Docker for more info.Sysbox supports running Kubernetes inside unprivileged containers without requiring Cgroup v2 and without the KubeletInUserNamespace feature gate. It does this by exposing specially crafted /proc and /sys filesystems inside the container plus several other advanced OS virtualization techniques.Running Rootless Kubernetes directly on a hostNote: This section links to third party projects that provide functionality required by Kubernetes. The Kubernetes project authors aren't responsible for these projects, which are listed alphabetically. To add a project to this list, read the content guide before submitting a change. More information.K3sK3s experimentally supports rootless mode.See Running K3s with Rootless mode for the usage.UsernetesUsernetes is a reference distribution of Kubernetes that can be installed under $HOME directory without the root privilege.Usernetes supports both containerd and CRI-O as CRI runtimes. Usernetes supports multi-node clusters using Flannel (VXLAN).See the Usernetes repo for the usage.Manually deploy a node that runs the kubelet in a user namespaceThis section provides hints for running Kubernetes in a user namespace manually.Note:This section is intended to be read by de


Question: How does Running Kubernetes Node Components as a Non-root User work?

Answer: Running Kubernetes Node Components as a Non-root UserFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.22 [alpha]This document describes how to run Kubernetes Node components such as kubelet, CRI, OCI, and CNI without root privileges, by using a user namespace.This technique is also known as rootless mode.Note:This document describes how to run Kubernetes Node components (and hence pods) as a non-root user.If you are just looking for how to run a pod as a non-root user, see SecurityContext.Before you beginYour Kubernetes server must be at or later than version 1.22.To check the version, enter kubectl version.Enable Cgroup v2Enable systemd with user sessionConfigure several sysctl values, depending on host Linux distributionEnsure that your unprivileged user is listed in /etc/subuid and /etc/subgidEnable the KubeletInUserNamespace feature gateRunning Kubernetes inside Rootless Docker/Podmankindkind supports running Kubernetes inside Rootless Docker or Rootless Podman.See Running kind with Rootless Docker.minikubeminikube also supports running Kubernetes inside Rootless Docker or Rootless Podman.See the Minikube documentation:Rootless DockerRootless PodmanRunning Kubernetes inside Unprivileged ContainersNote: This section links to third party projects that provide functionality required by Kubernetes. The Kubernetes project authors aren't responsible for these projects, which are listed alphabetically. To add a project to this list, read the content guide before submitting a change. More information.sysboxSysbox is an open-source container runtime (similar to "runc") that supports running system-level workloads such as Docker and Kubernetes inside unprivileged containers isolated with the Linux user namespace.See Sysbox Quick Start Guide: Kubernetes-in-Docker for more info.Sysbox supports running Kubernetes inside unprivileged containers without requiring Cgroup v2 and without the KubeletInUserNamespace feature gate. It does this by exposing specially crafted /proc and /sys filesystems inside the container plus several other advanced OS virtualization techniques.Running Rootless Kubernetes directly on a hostNote: This section links to third party projects that provide functionality required by Kubernetes. The Kubernetes project authors aren't responsible for these projects, which are listed alphabetically. To add a project to this list, read the content guide before submitting a change. More information.K3sK3s experimentally supports rootless mode.See Running K3s with Rootless mode for the usage.UsernetesUsernetes is a reference distribution of Kubernetes that can be installed under $HOME directory without the root privilege.Usernetes supports both containerd and CRI-O as CRI runtimes. Usernetes supports multi-node clusters using Flannel (VXLAN).See the Usernetes repo for the usage.Manually deploy a node that runs the kubelet in a user namespaceThis section provides hints for running Kubernetes in a user namespace manually.Note:This section is intended to be read by de


Question: When would you use Running Kubernetes Node Components as a Non-root User?

Answer: Running Kubernetes Node Components as a Non-root UserFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.22 [alpha]This document describes how to run Kubernetes Node components such as kubelet, CRI, OCI, and CNI without root privileges, by using a user namespace.This technique is also known as rootless mode.Note:This document describes how to run Kubernetes Node components (and hence pods) as a non-root user.If you are just looking for how to run a pod as a non-root user, see SecurityContext.Before you beginYour Kubernetes server must be at or later than version 1.22.To check the version, enter kubectl version.Enable Cgroup v2Enable systemd with user sessionConfigure several sysctl values, depending on host Linux distributionEnsure that your unprivileged user is listed in /etc/subuid and /etc/subgidEnable the KubeletInUserNamespace feature gateRunning Kubernetes inside Rootless Docker/Podmankindkind supports running Kubernetes inside Rootless Docker or Rootless Podman.See Running kind with Rootless Docker.minikubeminikube also supports running Kubernetes inside Rootless Docker or Rootless Podman.See the Minikube documentation:Rootless DockerRootless PodmanRunning Kubernetes inside Unprivileged ContainersNote: This section links to third party projects that provide functionality required by Kubernetes. The Kubernetes project authors aren't responsible for these projects, which are listed alphabetically. To add a project to this list, read the content guide before submitting a change. More information.sysboxSysbox is an open-source container runtime (similar to "runc") that supports running system-level workloads such as Docker and Kubernetes inside unprivileged containers isolated with the Linux user namespace.See Sysbox Quick Start Guide: Kubernetes-in-Docker for more info.Sysbox supports running Kubernetes inside unprivileged containers without requiring Cgroup v2 and without the KubeletInUserNamespace feature gate. It does this by exposing specially crafted /proc and /sys filesystems inside the container plus several other advanced OS virtualization techniques.Running Rootless Kubernetes directly on a hostNote: This section links to third party projects that provide functionality required by Kubernetes. The Kubernetes project authors aren't responsible for these projects, which are listed alphabetically. To add a project to this list, read the content guide before submitting a change. More information.K3sK3s experimentally supports rootless mode.See Running K3s with Rootless mode for the usage.UsernetesUsernetes is a reference distribution of Kubernetes that can be installed under $HOME directory without the root privilege.Usernetes supports both containerd and CRI-O as CRI runtimes. Usernetes supports multi-node clusters using Flannel (VXLAN).See the Usernetes repo for the usage.Manually deploy a node that runs the kubelet in a user namespaceThis section provides hints for running Kubernetes in a user namespace manually.Note:This section is intended to be read by de


Question: What are the benefits of Running Kubernetes Node Components as a Non-root User?

Answer: Running Kubernetes Node Components as a Non-root UserFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.22 [alpha]This document describes how to run Kubernetes Node components such as kubelet, CRI, OCI, and CNI without root privileges, by using a user namespace.This technique is also known as rootless mode.Note:This document describes how to run Kubernetes Node components (and hence pods) as a non-root user.If you are just looking for how to run a pod as a non-root user, see SecurityContext.Before you beginYour Kubernetes server must be at or later than version 1.22.To check the version, enter kubectl version.Enable Cgroup v2Enable systemd with user sessionConfigure several sysctl values, depending on host Linux distributionEnsure that your unprivileged user is listed in /etc/subuid and /etc/subgidEnable the KubeletInUserNamespace feature gateRunning Kubernetes inside Rootless Docker/Podmankindkind supports running Kubernetes inside Rootless Docker or Rootless Podman.See Running kind with Rootless Docker.minikubeminikube also supports running Kubernetes inside Rootless Docker or Rootless Podman.See the Minikube documentation:Rootless DockerRootless PodmanRunning Kubernetes inside Unprivileged ContainersNote: This section links to third party projects that provide functionality required by Kubernetes. The Kubernetes project authors aren't responsible for these projects, which are listed alphabetically. To add a project to this list, read the content guide before submitting a change. More information.sysboxSysbox is an open-source container runtime (similar to "runc") that supports running system-level workloads such as Docker and Kubernetes inside unprivileged containers isolated with the Linux user namespace.See Sysbox Quick Start Guide: Kubernetes-in-Docker for more info.Sysbox supports running Kubernetes inside unprivileged containers without requiring Cgroup v2 and without the KubeletInUserNamespace feature gate. It does this by exposing specially crafted /proc and /sys filesystems inside the container plus several other advanced OS virtualization techniques.Running Rootless Kubernetes directly on a hostNote: This section links to third party projects that provide functionality required by Kubernetes. The Kubernetes project authors aren't responsible for these projects, which are listed alphabetically. To add a project to this list, read the content guide before submitting a change. More information.K3sK3s experimentally supports rootless mode.See Running K3s with Rootless mode for the usage.UsernetesUsernetes is a reference distribution of Kubernetes that can be installed under $HOME directory without the root privilege.Usernetes supports both containerd and CRI-O as CRI runtimes. Usernetes supports multi-node clusters using Flannel (VXLAN).See the Usernetes repo for the usage.Manually deploy a node that runs the kubelet in a user namespaceThis section provides hints for running Kubernetes in a user namespace manually.Note:This section is intended to be read by de


Question: What is Running Kubernetes Node Components as a Non-root User?

Answer: T h i s   d o c u m e n t   d e s c r i b e s   h o w   t o   r u n   K u b e r n e t e s   N o d e   c o m p o n e n t s   s u c h   a s   k u b e l e t ,   C R I ,   O C I ,   a n d   C N I   w i t h o u t   r o o t   p r i v i l e g e s ,   b y   u s i n g   a   u s e r   n a m e s p a c e .   T h i s   t e c h n i q u e   i s   a l s o   k n o w n   a s   r o o t l e s s   m o d e .


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: T h i s   d o c u m e n t   d e s c r i b e s   h o w   t o   r u n   K u b e r n e t e s   N o d e   c o m p o n e n t s   ( a n d   h e n c e   p o d s )   a s   a   n o n - r o o t   u s e r .   I f   y o u   a r e   j u s t   l o o k i n g   f o r   h o w   t o   r u n   a   p o d   a s   a   n o n - r o o t   u s e r ,   s e e   S e c u r i t y C o n t e x t .


Question: What is Before you begin?

Answer: Y o u r   K u b e r n e t e s   s e r v e r   m u s t   b e   a t   o r   l a t e r   t h a n   v e r s i o n   1 . 2 2 .   T o   c h e c k   t h e   v e r s i o n ,   e n t e r   k u b e c t l   v e r s i o n .   E n a b l e   C g r o u p   v 2 E n a b l e   s y s t e m d   w i t h   u s e r   s e s s i o n C o n f i g u r e   s e v e r a l   s y s c t l   v a l u e s ,   d e p e n d i n g   o n   h o s t   L i n u x   d i s t r i b u t i o n E n s u r e   t h a t   y o u r   u n p r i v i l e g e d   u s e r   i s   l i s t e d   i n   / e t c / s u b u i d   a n d   / e t c / s u b g i d E n a b l e   t h e   K u b e l e t I n U s e r N a m e s p a c e   f e a t u r e   g a t e


Question: What is kind?

Answer: k i n d   s u p p o r t s   r u n n i n g   K u b e r n e t e s   i n s i d e   R o o t l e s s   D o c k e r   o r   R o o t l e s s   P o d m a n .   S e e   R u n n i n g   k i n d   w i t h   R o o t l e s s   D o c k e r .


Question: What is minikube?

Answer: m i n i k u b e   a l s o   s u p p o r t s   r u n n i n g   K u b e r n e t e s   i n s i d e   R o o t l e s s   D o c k e r   o r   R o o t l e s s   P o d m a n .   S e e   t h e   M i n i k u b e   d o c u m e n t a t i o n :   R o o t l e s s   D o c k e r R o o t l e s s   P o d m a n


Question: What is sysbox?

Answer: S y s b o x   i s   a n   o p e n - s o u r c e   c o n t a i n e r   r u n t i m e   ( s i m i l a r   t o   " r u n c " )   t h a t   s u p p o r t s   r u n n i n g   s y s t e m - l e v e l   w o r k l o a d s   s u c h   a s   D o c k e r   a n d   K u b e r n e t e s   i n s i d e   u n p r i v i l e g e d   c o n t a i n e r s   i s o l a t e d   w i t h   t h e   L i n u x   u s e r   n a m e s p a c e .   S e e   S y s b o x   Q u i c k   S t a r t   G u i d e :   K u b e r n e t e s - i n - D o c k e r   f o r   m o r e   i n f o .   S y s b o x   s u p p o r t s   r u n n i n g   K u b e r n e t e s   i n s i d e   u n p r i v i l e g e d   c o n t a i n e r s   w i t h o u t   r e q u i r i n g   C g r o u p   v 2   a n d   w i t h o u t   t h e   K u b e l e t I n U s e r N a m e s p a c e   f e a t u r e   g a t e .   I t   d o e s   t h i s   b y   e x p o s i n g   s p e c i a l l y   c r a f t e d   / p r o c   a n d   / s y s   f i l e s y s t e m s   i n s i d e   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   p l u s   s e v e r a l   o t h e r   a d v a n c e d   O S   v i r t u a l i z a t i o n   t e c h n i q u e s .


Question: What is K3s?

Answer: K 3 s   e x p e r i m e n t a l l y   s u p p o r t s   r o o t l e s s   m o d e .   S e e   R u n n i n g   K 3 s   w i t h   R o o t l e s s   m o d e   f o r   t h e   u s a g e .


Question: What is Usernetes?

Answer: U s e r n e t e s   i s   a   r e f e r e n c e   d i s t r i b u t i o n   o f   K u b e r n e t e s   t h a t   c a n   b e   i n s t a l l e d   u n d e r   $ H O M E   d i r e c t o r y   w i t h o u t   t h e   r o o t   p r i v i l e g e .   U s e r n e t e s   s u p p o r t s   b o t h   c o n t a i n e r d   a n d   C R I - O   a s   C R I   r u n t i m e s .   U s e r n e t e s   s u p p o r t s   m u l t i - n o d e   c l u s t e r s   u s i n g   F l a n n e l   ( V X L A N ) .   S e e   t h e   U s e r n e t e s   r e p o   f o r   t h e   u s a g e .


Question: What is Manually deploy a node that runs the kubelet in a user namespace?

Answer: T h i s   s e c t i o n   p r o v i d e s   h i n t s   f o r   r u n n i n g   K u b e r n e t e s   i n   a   u s e r   n a m e s p a c e   m a n u a l l y .


Question: What is Creating a user namespace?

Answer: T h e   f i r s t   s t e p   i s   t o   c r e a t e   a   u s e r   n a m e s p a c e .   I f   y o u   a r e   t r y i n g   t o   r u n   K u b e r n e t e s   i n   a   u s e r - n a m e s p a c e d   c o n t a i n e r   s u c h   a s   R o o t l e s s   D o c k e r / P o d m a n   o r   L X C / L X D ,   y o u   a r e   a l l   s e t ,   a n d   y o u   c a n   g o   t o   t h e   n e x t   s u b s e c t i o n .   O t h e r w i s e   y o u   h a v e   t o   c r e a t e   a   u s e r   n a m e s p a c e   b y   y o u r s e l f ,   b y   c a l l i n g   u n s h a r e ( 2 )   w i t h   C L O N E _ N E W U S E R .   A   u s e r   n a m e s p a c e   c a n   b e   a l s o   u n s h a r e d   b y   u s i n g   c o m m a n d   l i n e   t o o l s   s u c h   a s :   u n s h a r e ( 1 ) R o o t l e s s K i t b e c o m e - r o o t   A f t e r   u n s h a r i n g   t h e   u s e r   n a m e s p a c e ,   y o u   w i l l   a l s o   h a v e   t o   u n s h a r e   o t h e r   n a m e s p a c e s   s u c h   a s   m o u n t   n a m e s p a c e .   Y o u   d o   n o t   n e e d   t o   c a l l   c h r o o t ( )   n o r   p i v o t _ r o o t ( )   a f t e r   u n s h a r i n g   t h e   m o u n t   n a m e s p a c e ,   h o w e v e r ,   y o u   h a v e   t o   m o u n t   w r i t a b l e   f i l e s y s t e m s   o n   s e v e r a l   d i r e c t o r i e s   i n   t h e   n a m e s p a c e .   A t   l e a s t ,   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   d i r e c t o r i e s   n e e d   t o   b e   w r i t a b l e   i n   t h e   n a m e s p a c e   ( n o t   o u t s i d e   t h e   n a m e s p a c e ) :   / e t c / r u n / v a r / l o g s / v a r / l i b / k u b e l e t / v a r / l i b / c n i / v a r / l i b / c o n t a i n e r d   ( f o r   c o n t a i n e r d ) / v a r / l i b / c o n t a i n e r s   ( f o r   C R I - O )


Question: What is Creating a delegated cgroup tree?

Answer: I n   a d d i t i o n   t o   t h e   u s e r   n a m e s p a c e ,   y o u   a l s o   n e e d   t o   h a v e   a   w r i t a b l e   c g r o u p   t r e e   w i t h   c g r o u p   v 2 .


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: I f   y o u   a r e   t r y i n g   t o   r u n   K u b e r n e t e s   i n   R o o t l e s s   D o c k e r / P o d m a n   o r   L X C / L X D   o n   a   s y s t e m d - b a s e d   h o s t ,   y o u   a r e   a l l   s e t .   O t h e r w i s e   y o u   h a v e   t o   c r e a t e   a   s y s t e m d   u n i t   w i t h   D e l e g a t e = y e s   p r o p e r t y   t o   d e l e g a t e   a   c g r o u p   t r e e   w i t h   w r i t a b l e   p e r m i s s i o n .   O n   y o u r   n o d e ,   s y s t e m d   m u s t   a l r e a d y   b e   c o n f i g u r e d   t o   a l l o w   d e l e g a t i o n ;   f o r   m o r e   d e t a i l s ,   s e e   c g r o u p   v 2   i n   t h e   R o o t l e s s   C o n t a i n e r s   d o c u m e n t a t i o n .


Question: What is Configuring network?

Answer: T h e   n e t w o r k   n a m e s p a c e   o f   t h e   N o d e   c o m p o n e n t s   h a s   t o   h a v e   a   n o n - l o o p b a c k   i n t e r f a c e ,   w h i c h   c a n   b e   f o r   e x a m p l e   c o n f i g u r e d   w i t h   s l i r p 4 n e t n s ,   V P N K i t ,   o r   l x c - u s e r - n i c ( 1 ) .   T h e   n e t w o r k   n a m e s p a c e s   o f   t h e   P o d s   c a n   b e   c o n f i g u r e d   w i t h   r e g u l a r   C N I   p l u g i n s .   F o r   m u l t i - n o d e   n e t w o r k i n g ,   F l a n n e l   ( V X L A N ,   8 4 7 2 / U D P )   i s   k n o w n   t o   w o r k .   P o r t s   s u c h   a s   t h e   k u b e l e t   p o r t   ( 1 0 2 5 0 / T C P )   a n d   N o d e P o r t   s e r v i c e   p o r t s   h a v e   t o   b e   e x p o s e d   f r o m   t h e   N o d e   n e t w o r k   n a m e s p a c e   t o   t h e   h o s t   w i t h   a n   e x t e r n a l   p o r t   f o r w a r d e r ,   s u c h   a s   R o o t l e s s K i t ,   s l i r p 4 n e t n s ,   o r   s o c a t ( 1 ) .   Y o u   c a n   u s e   t h e   p o r t   f o r w a r d e r   f r o m   K 3 s .   S e e   R u n n i n g   K 3 s   i n   R o o t l e s s   M o d e   f o r   m o r e   d e t a i l s .   T h e   i m p l e m e n t a t i o n   c a n   b e   f o u n d   i n   t h e   p k g / r o o t l e s s p o r t s   p a c k a g e   o f   k 3 s .


Question: What is Configuring CRI?

Answer: T h e   k u b e l e t   r e l i e s   o n   a   c o n t a i n e r   r u n t i m e .   Y o u   s h o u l d   d e p l o y   a   c o n t a i n e r   r u n t i m e   s u c h   a s   c o n t a i n e r d   o r   C R I - O   a n d   e n s u r e   t h a t   i t   i s   r u n n i n g   w i t h i n   t h e   u s e r   n a m e s p a c e   b e f o r e   t h e   k u b e l e t   s t a r t s .   R u n n i n g   C R I   p l u g i n   o f   c o n t a i n e r d   i n   a   u s e r   n a m e s p a c e   i s   s u p p o r t e d   s i n c e   c o n t a i n e r d   1 . 4 . R u n n i n g   c o n t a i n e r d   w i t h i n   a   u s e r   n a m e s p a c e   r e q u i r e s   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   c o n f i g u r a t i o n s . v e r s i o n   =   2   [ p l u g i n s . " i o . c o n t a i n e r d . g r p c . v 1 . c r i " ]   #   D i s a b l e   A p p A r m o r   d i s a b l e _ a p p a r m o r   =   t r u e   #   I g n o r e   a n   e r r o r   d u r i n g   s e t t i n g   o o m _ s c o r e _ a d j   r e s t r i c t _ o o m _ s c o r e _ a d j   =   t r u e   #   D i s a b l e   h u g e t l b   c g r o u p   v 2   c o n t r o l l e r   ( b e c a u s e   s y s t e m d   d o e s   n o t   s u p p o r t   d e l e g a t i n g   h u g e t l b   c o n t r o l l e r )   d i s a b l e _ h u g e t l b _ c o n t r o l l e r   =   t r u e   [ p l u g i n s . " i o . c o n t a i n e r d . g r p c . v 1 . c r i " . c o n t a i n e r d ]   #   U s i n g   n o n - f u s e   o v e r l a y f s   i s   a l s o   p o s s i b l e   f o r   k e r n e l   > =   5 . 1 1 ,   b u t   r e q u i r e s   S E L i n u x   t o   b e   d i s a b l e d   s n a p s h o t t e r   =   " f u s e - o v e r l a y f s "   [ p l u g i n s . " i o . c o n t a i n e r d . g r p c . v 1 . c r i " . c o n t a i n e r d . r u n t i m e s . r u n c . o p t i o n s ]   #   W e   u s e   c g r o u p f s   t h a t   i s   d e l e g a t e d   b y   s y s t e m d ,   s o   w e   d o   n o t   u s e   S y s t e m d C g r o u p   d r


Question: What is Configuring kubelet?

Answer: R u n n i n g   k u b e l e t   i n   a   u s e r   n a m e s p a c e   r e q u i r e s   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   c o n f i g u r a t i o n :   a p i V e r s i o n :   k u b e l e t . c o n f i g . k 8 s . i o / v 1 b e t a 1   k i n d :   K u b e l e t C o n f i g u r a t i o n   f e a t u r e G a t e s :   K u b e l e t I n U s e r N a m e s p a c e :   t r u e   #   W e   u s e   c g r o u p f s   t h a t   i s   d e l e g a t e d   b y   s y s t e m d ,   s o   w e   d o   n o t   u s e   " s y s t e m d "   d r i v e r   #   ( u n l e s s   y o u   r u n   a n o t h e r   s y s t e m d   i n   t h e   n a m e s p a c e )   c g r o u p D r i v e r :   " c g r o u p f s "   W h e n   t h e   K u b e l e t I n U s e r N a m e s p a c e   f e a t u r e   g a t e   i s   e n a b l e d ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   i g n o r e s   e r r o r s   t h a t   m a y   h a p p e n   d u r i n g   s e t t i n g   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   s y s c t l   v a l u e s   o n   t h e   n o d e .   v m . o v e r c o m m i t _ m e m o r y v m . p a n i c _ o n _ o o m k e r n e l . p a n i c k e r n e l . p a n i c _ o n _ o o p s k e r n e l . k e y s . r o o t _ m a x k e y s k e r n e l . k e y s . r o o t _ m a x b y t e s .   W i t h i n   a   u s e r   n a m e s p a c e ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   a l s o   i g n o r e s   a n y   e r r o r   r a i s e d   f r o m   t r y i n g   t o   o p e n   / d e v / k m s g .   T h i s   f e a t u r e   g a t e   a l s o   a l l o w s   k u b e - p r o x y   t o   i g n o r e   a n   e r r o r   d u r i n g   s e t t i n g   R L I M I T _ N O F I L E .   T h e   K u b e l e t I n U s e r N a m e s p a c e   f e a t u r e   g a t e   w a s   i n t r o d u c e d   i n   K u b e r n e t e s   v 1 . 2 2   w i t h   " a l p h a "   s t a t u s .   R u n n i n g   k u b e l e t   i n   a   u s e r   n a m e s p a c e   w i t h o u t   u s i n g   t h i s   f e a t u r e   g a t e   i s   a l s o   p o s s i b l e   b y   m o u n t i n g


Question: What is Configuring kube-proxy?

Answer: R u n n i n g   k u b e - p r o x y   i n   a   u s e r   n a m e s p a c e   r e q u i r e s   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   c o n f i g u r a t i o n :   a p i V e r s i o n :   k u b e p r o x y . c o n f i g . k 8 s . i o / v 1 a l p h a 1   k i n d :   K u b e P r o x y C o n f i g u r a t i o n   m o d e :   " i p t a b l e s "   #   o r   " u s e r s p a c e "   c o n n t r a c k :   #   S k i p   s e t t i n g   s y s c t l   v a l u e   " n e t . n e t f i l t e r . n f _ c o n n t r a c k _ m a x "   m a x P e r C o r e :   0   #   S k i p   s e t t i n g   " n e t . n e t f i l t e r . n f _ c o n n t r a c k _ t c p _ t i m e o u t _ e s t a b l i s h e d "   t c p E s t a b l i s h e d T i m e o u t :   0 s   #   S k i p   s e t t i n g   " n e t . n e t f i l t e r . n f _ c o n n t r a c k _ t c p _ t i m e o u t _ c l o s e "   t c p C l o s e W a i t T i m e o u t :   0 s


Question: What is Caveats?

Answer: M o s t   o f   " n o n - l o c a l "   v o l u m e   d r i v e r s   s u c h   a s   n f s   a n d   i s c s i   d o   n o t   w o r k .   L o c a l   v o l u m e s   l i k e   l o c a l ,   h o s t P a t h ,   e m p t y D i r ,   c o n f i g M a p ,   s e c r e t ,   a n d   d o w n w a r d A P I   a r e   k n o w n   t o   w o r k . S o m e   C N I   p l u g i n s   m a y   n o t   w o r k .   F l a n n e l   ( V X L A N )   i s   k n o w n   t o   w o r k .   M o s t   o f   " n o n - l o c a l "   v o l u m e   d r i v e r s   s u c h   a s   n f s   a n d   i s c s i   d o   n o t   w o r k .   L o c a l   v o l u m e s   l i k e   l o c a l ,   h o s t P a t h ,   e m p t y D i r ,   c o n f i g M a p ,   s e c r e t ,   a n d   d o w n w a r d A P I   a r e   k n o w n   t o   w o r k .   S o m e   C N I   p l u g i n s   m a y   n o t   w o r k .   F l a n n e l   ( V X L A N )   i s   k n o w n   t o   w o r k .   F o r   m o r e   o n   t h i s ,   s e e   t h e   C a v e a t s   a n d   F u t u r e   w o r k   p a g e   o n   t h e   r o o t l e s s c o n t a i n e . r s   w e b s i t e .


Question: What is See Also?

Answer: r o o t l e s s c o n t a i n e . r s R o o t l e s s   C o n t a i n e r s   2 0 2 0   ( K u b e C o n   N A   2 0 2 0 ) R u n n i n g   k i n d   w i t h   R o o t l e s s   D o c k e r U s e r n e t e s R u n n i n g   K 3 s   w i t h   r o o t l e s s   m o d e K E P - 2 0 3 3 :   K u b e l e t - i n - U s e r N S   ( a k a   R o o t l e s s   m o d e )   I t e m s   o n   t h i s   p a g e   r e f e r   t o   t h i r d   p a r t y   p r o d u c t s   o r   p r o j e c t s   t h a t   p r o v i d e   f u n c t i o n a l i t y   r e q u i r e d   b y   K u b e r n e t e s .   T h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t   a u t h o r s   a r e n ' t   r e s p o n s i b l e   f o r   t h o s e   t h i r d - p a r t y   p r o d u c t s   o r   p r o j e c t s .   S e e   t h e   C N C F   w e b s i t e   g u i d e l i n e s   f o r   m o r e   d e t a i l s .   Y o u   s h o u l d   r e a d   t h e   c o n t e n t   g u i d e   b e f o r e   p r o p o s i n g   a   c h a n g e   t h a t   a d d s   a n   e x t r a   t h i r d - p a r t y   l i n k .


Question: What is Node-pressure Eviction?

Answer: Node-pressure EvictionNode-pressure eviction is the process by which the kubelet proactively terminates pods to reclaim resource on nodes.The kubelet monitors resources like memory, disk space, and filesystem inodes on your cluster's nodes. When one or more of these resources reach specific consumption levels, the kubelet can proactively fail one or more pods on the node to reclaim resources and prevent starvation.During a node-pressure eviction, the kubelet sets the phase for the selected pods to Failed, and terminates the Pod.Node-pressure eviction is not the same as API-initiated eviction.The kubelet does not respect your configured PodDisruptionBudget or the pod's terminationGracePeriodSeconds. If you use soft eviction thresholds, the kubelet respects your configured eviction-max-pod-grace-period. If you use hard eviction thresholds, the kubelet uses a 0s grace period (immediate shutdown) for termination.Self healing behaviorThe kubelet attempts to reclaim node-level resources before it terminates end-user pods. For example, it removes unused container images when disk resources are starved.If the pods are managed by a workload management object (such as StatefulSet or Deployment) that replaces failed pods, the control plane (kube-controller-manager) creates new pods in place of the evicted pods.Self healing for static podsIf you are running a static pod on a node that is under resource pressure, the kubelet may evict that static Pod. The kubelet then tries to create a replacement, because static Pods always represent an intent to run a Pod on that node.The kubelet takes the priority of the static pod into account when creating a replacement. If the static pod manifest specifies a low priority, and there are higher-priority Pods defined within the cluster's control plane, and the node is under resource pressure, the kubelet may not be able to make room for that static pod. The kubelet continues to attempt to run all static pods even when there is resource pressure on a node.Eviction signals and thresholdsThe kubelet uses various parameters to make eviction decisions, like the following:Eviction signalsEviction thresholdsMonitoring intervalsEviction signalsEviction signals are the current state of a particular resource at a specific point in time. The kubelet uses eviction signals to make eviction decisions by comparing the signals to eviction thresholds, which are the minimum amount of the resource that should be available on the node.The kubelet uses the following eviction signals:Eviction SignalDescriptionLinux Onlymemory.availablememory.available := node.status.capacity[memory] - node.stats.memory.workingSetnodefs.availablenodefs.available := node.stats.fs.availablenodefs.inodesFreenodefs.inodesFree := node.stats.fs.inodesFree•imagefs.availableimagefs.available := node.stats.runtime.imagefs.availableimagefs.inodesFreeimagefs.inodesFree := node.stats.runtime.imagefs.inodesFree•containerfs.availablecontainerfs.available := node.stats.runtime


Question: How does Node-pressure Eviction work?

Answer: Node-pressure EvictionNode-pressure eviction is the process by which the kubelet proactively terminates pods to reclaim resource on nodes.The kubelet monitors resources like memory, disk space, and filesystem inodes on your cluster's nodes. When one or more of these resources reach specific consumption levels, the kubelet can proactively fail one or more pods on the node to reclaim resources and prevent starvation.During a node-pressure eviction, the kubelet sets the phase for the selected pods to Failed, and terminates the Pod.Node-pressure eviction is not the same as API-initiated eviction.The kubelet does not respect your configured PodDisruptionBudget or the pod's terminationGracePeriodSeconds. If you use soft eviction thresholds, the kubelet respects your configured eviction-max-pod-grace-period. If you use hard eviction thresholds, the kubelet uses a 0s grace period (immediate shutdown) for termination.Self healing behaviorThe kubelet attempts to reclaim node-level resources before it terminates end-user pods. For example, it removes unused container images when disk resources are starved.If the pods are managed by a workload management object (such as StatefulSet or Deployment) that replaces failed pods, the control plane (kube-controller-manager) creates new pods in place of the evicted pods.Self healing for static podsIf you are running a static pod on a node that is under resource pressure, the kubelet may evict that static Pod. The kubelet then tries to create a replacement, because static Pods always represent an intent to run a Pod on that node.The kubelet takes the priority of the static pod into account when creating a replacement. If the static pod manifest specifies a low priority, and there are higher-priority Pods defined within the cluster's control plane, and the node is under resource pressure, the kubelet may not be able to make room for that static pod. The kubelet continues to attempt to run all static pods even when there is resource pressure on a node.Eviction signals and thresholdsThe kubelet uses various parameters to make eviction decisions, like the following:Eviction signalsEviction thresholdsMonitoring intervalsEviction signalsEviction signals are the current state of a particular resource at a specific point in time. The kubelet uses eviction signals to make eviction decisions by comparing the signals to eviction thresholds, which are the minimum amount of the resource that should be available on the node.The kubelet uses the following eviction signals:Eviction SignalDescriptionLinux Onlymemory.availablememory.available := node.status.capacity[memory] - node.stats.memory.workingSetnodefs.availablenodefs.available := node.stats.fs.availablenodefs.inodesFreenodefs.inodesFree := node.stats.fs.inodesFree•imagefs.availableimagefs.available := node.stats.runtime.imagefs.availableimagefs.inodesFreeimagefs.inodesFree := node.stats.runtime.imagefs.inodesFree•containerfs.availablecontainerfs.available := node.stats.runtime


Question: When would you use Node-pressure Eviction?

Answer: Node-pressure EvictionNode-pressure eviction is the process by which the kubelet proactively terminates pods to reclaim resource on nodes.The kubelet monitors resources like memory, disk space, and filesystem inodes on your cluster's nodes. When one or more of these resources reach specific consumption levels, the kubelet can proactively fail one or more pods on the node to reclaim resources and prevent starvation.During a node-pressure eviction, the kubelet sets the phase for the selected pods to Failed, and terminates the Pod.Node-pressure eviction is not the same as API-initiated eviction.The kubelet does not respect your configured PodDisruptionBudget or the pod's terminationGracePeriodSeconds. If you use soft eviction thresholds, the kubelet respects your configured eviction-max-pod-grace-period. If you use hard eviction thresholds, the kubelet uses a 0s grace period (immediate shutdown) for termination.Self healing behaviorThe kubelet attempts to reclaim node-level resources before it terminates end-user pods. For example, it removes unused container images when disk resources are starved.If the pods are managed by a workload management object (such as StatefulSet or Deployment) that replaces failed pods, the control plane (kube-controller-manager) creates new pods in place of the evicted pods.Self healing for static podsIf you are running a static pod on a node that is under resource pressure, the kubelet may evict that static Pod. The kubelet then tries to create a replacement, because static Pods always represent an intent to run a Pod on that node.The kubelet takes the priority of the static pod into account when creating a replacement. If the static pod manifest specifies a low priority, and there are higher-priority Pods defined within the cluster's control plane, and the node is under resource pressure, the kubelet may not be able to make room for that static pod. The kubelet continues to attempt to run all static pods even when there is resource pressure on a node.Eviction signals and thresholdsThe kubelet uses various parameters to make eviction decisions, like the following:Eviction signalsEviction thresholdsMonitoring intervalsEviction signalsEviction signals are the current state of a particular resource at a specific point in time. The kubelet uses eviction signals to make eviction decisions by comparing the signals to eviction thresholds, which are the minimum amount of the resource that should be available on the node.The kubelet uses the following eviction signals:Eviction SignalDescriptionLinux Onlymemory.availablememory.available := node.status.capacity[memory] - node.stats.memory.workingSetnodefs.availablenodefs.available := node.stats.fs.availablenodefs.inodesFreenodefs.inodesFree := node.stats.fs.inodesFree•imagefs.availableimagefs.available := node.stats.runtime.imagefs.availableimagefs.inodesFreeimagefs.inodesFree := node.stats.runtime.imagefs.inodesFree•containerfs.availablecontainerfs.available := node.stats.runtime


Question: What are the benefits of Node-pressure Eviction?

Answer: Node-pressure EvictionNode-pressure eviction is the process by which the kubelet proactively terminates pods to reclaim resource on nodes.The kubelet monitors resources like memory, disk space, and filesystem inodes on your cluster's nodes. When one or more of these resources reach specific consumption levels, the kubelet can proactively fail one or more pods on the node to reclaim resources and prevent starvation.During a node-pressure eviction, the kubelet sets the phase for the selected pods to Failed, and terminates the Pod.Node-pressure eviction is not the same as API-initiated eviction.The kubelet does not respect your configured PodDisruptionBudget or the pod's terminationGracePeriodSeconds. If you use soft eviction thresholds, the kubelet respects your configured eviction-max-pod-grace-period. If you use hard eviction thresholds, the kubelet uses a 0s grace period (immediate shutdown) for termination.Self healing behaviorThe kubelet attempts to reclaim node-level resources before it terminates end-user pods. For example, it removes unused container images when disk resources are starved.If the pods are managed by a workload management object (such as StatefulSet or Deployment) that replaces failed pods, the control plane (kube-controller-manager) creates new pods in place of the evicted pods.Self healing for static podsIf you are running a static pod on a node that is under resource pressure, the kubelet may evict that static Pod. The kubelet then tries to create a replacement, because static Pods always represent an intent to run a Pod on that node.The kubelet takes the priority of the static pod into account when creating a replacement. If the static pod manifest specifies a low priority, and there are higher-priority Pods defined within the cluster's control plane, and the node is under resource pressure, the kubelet may not be able to make room for that static pod. The kubelet continues to attempt to run all static pods even when there is resource pressure on a node.Eviction signals and thresholdsThe kubelet uses various parameters to make eviction decisions, like the following:Eviction signalsEviction thresholdsMonitoring intervalsEviction signalsEviction signals are the current state of a particular resource at a specific point in time. The kubelet uses eviction signals to make eviction decisions by comparing the signals to eviction thresholds, which are the minimum amount of the resource that should be available on the node.The kubelet uses the following eviction signals:Eviction SignalDescriptionLinux Onlymemory.availablememory.available := node.status.capacity[memory] - node.stats.memory.workingSetnodefs.availablenodefs.available := node.stats.fs.availablenodefs.inodesFreenodefs.inodesFree := node.stats.fs.inodesFree•imagefs.availableimagefs.available := node.stats.runtime.imagefs.availableimagefs.inodesFreeimagefs.inodesFree := node.stats.runtime.imagefs.inodesFree•containerfs.availablecontainerfs.available := node.stats.runtime


Question: What is Node-pressure Eviction?

Answer: N o d e - p r e s s u r e   e v i c t i o n   i s   t h e   p r o c e s s   b y   w h i c h   t h e   k u b e l e t   p r o a c t i v e l y   t e r m i n a t e s   p o d s   t o   r e c l a i m   r e s o u r c e   o n   n o d e s .   T h e   k u b e l e t   m o n i t o r s   r e s o u r c e s   l i k e   m e m o r y ,   d i s k   s p a c e ,   a n d   f i l e s y s t e m   i n o d e s   o n   y o u r   c l u s t e r ' s   n o d e s .   W h e n   o n e   o r   m o r e   o f   t h e s e   r e s o u r c e s   r e a c h   s p e c i f i c   c o n s u m p t i o n   l e v e l s ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   c a n   p r o a c t i v e l y   f a i l   o n e   o r   m o r e   p o d s   o n   t h e   n o d e   t o   r e c l a i m   r e s o u r c e s   a n d   p r e v e n t   s t a r v a t i o n .   D u r i n g   a   n o d e - p r e s s u r e   e v i c t i o n ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   s e t s   t h e   p h a s e   f o r   t h e   s e l e c t e d   p o d s   t o   F a i l e d ,   a n d   t e r m i n a t e s   t h e   P o d .   N o d e - p r e s s u r e   e v i c t i o n   i s   n o t   t h e   s a m e   a s   A P I - i n i t i a t e d   e v i c t i o n .   T h e   k u b e l e t   d o e s   n o t   r e s p e c t   y o u r   c o n f i g u r e d   P o d D i s r u p t i o n B u d g e t   o r   t h e   p o d ' s   t e r m i n a t i o n G r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s .   I f   y o u   u s e   s o f t   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d s ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   r e s p e c t s   y o u r   c o n f i g u r e d   e v i c t i o n - m a x - p o d - g r a c e - p e r i o d .   I f   y o u   u s e   h a r d   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d s ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   u s e s   a   0 s   g r a c e   p e r i o d   ( i m m e d i a t e   s h u t d o w n )   f o r   t e r m i n a t i o n .


Question: What is Self healing behavior?

Answer: T h e   k u b e l e t   a t t e m p t s   t o   r e c l a i m   n o d e - l e v e l   r e s o u r c e s   b e f o r e   i t   t e r m i n a t e s   e n d - u s e r   p o d s .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   i t   r e m o v e s   u n u s e d   c o n t a i n e r   i m a g e s   w h e n   d i s k   r e s o u r c e s   a r e   s t a r v e d .   I f   t h e   p o d s   a r e   m a n a g e d   b y   a   w o r k l o a d   m a n a g e m e n t   o b j e c t   ( s u c h   a s   S t a t e f u l S e t   o r   D e p l o y m e n t )   t h a t   r e p l a c e s   f a i l e d   p o d s ,   t h e   c o n t r o l   p l a n e   ( k u b e - c o n t r o l l e r - m a n a g e r )   c r e a t e s   n e w   p o d s   i n   p l a c e   o f   t h e   e v i c t e d   p o d s .


Question: What is Self healing for static pods?

Answer: I f   y o u   a r e   r u n n i n g   a   s t a t i c   p o d   o n   a   n o d e   t h a t   i s   u n d e r   r e s o u r c e   p r e s s u r e ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   m a y   e v i c t   t h a t   s t a t i c   P o d .   T h e   k u b e l e t   t h e n   t r i e s   t o   c r e a t e   a   r e p l a c e m e n t ,   b e c a u s e   s t a t i c   P o d s   a l w a y s   r e p r e s e n t   a n   i n t e n t   t o   r u n   a   P o d   o n   t h a t   n o d e .   T h e   k u b e l e t   t a k e s   t h e   p r i o r i t y   o f   t h e   s t a t i c   p o d   i n t o   a c c o u n t   w h e n   c r e a t i n g   a   r e p l a c e m e n t .   I f   t h e   s t a t i c   p o d   m a n i f e s t   s p e c i f i e s   a   l o w   p r i o r i t y ,   a n d   t h e r e   a r e   h i g h e r - p r i o r i t y   P o d s   d e f i n e d   w i t h i n   t h e   c l u s t e r ' s   c o n t r o l   p l a n e ,   a n d   t h e   n o d e   i s   u n d e r   r e s o u r c e   p r e s s u r e ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   m a y   n o t   b e   a b l e   t o   m a k e   r o o m   f o r   t h a t   s t a t i c   p o d .   T h e   k u b e l e t   c o n t i n u e s   t o   a t t e m p t   t o   r u n   a l l   s t a t i c   p o d s   e v e n   w h e n   t h e r e   i s   r e s o u r c e   p r e s s u r e   o n   a   n o d e .


Question: What is Eviction signals and thresholds?

Answer: T h e   k u b e l e t   u s e s   v a r i o u s   p a r a m e t e r s   t o   m a k e   e v i c t i o n   d e c i s i o n s ,   l i k e   t h e   f o l l o w i n g :   E v i c t i o n   s i g n a l s E v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d s M o n i t o r i n g   i n t e r v a l s


Question: What is Eviction signals?

Answer: E v i c t i o n   s i g n a l s   a r e   t h e   c u r r e n t   s t a t e   o f   a   p a r t i c u l a r   r e s o u r c e   a t   a   s p e c i f i c   p o i n t   i n   t i m e .   T h e   k u b e l e t   u s e s   e v i c t i o n   s i g n a l s   t o   m a k e   e v i c t i o n   d e c i s i o n s   b y   c o m p a r i n g   t h e   s i g n a l s   t o   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d s ,   w h i c h   a r e   t h e   m i n i m u m   a m o u n t   o f   t h e   r e s o u r c e   t h a t   s h o u l d   b e   a v a i l a b l e   o n   t h e   n o d e .   T h e   k u b e l e t   u s e s   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   e v i c t i o n   s i g n a l s :   I n   t h i s   t a b l e ,   t h e   D e s c r i p t i o n   c o l u m n   s h o w s   h o w   k u b e l e t   g e t s   t h e   v a l u e   o f   t h e   s i g n a l .   E a c h   s i g n a l   s u p p o r t s   e i t h e r   a   p e r c e n t a g e   o r   a   l i t e r a l   v a l u e .   T h e   k u b e l e t   c a l c u l a t e s   t h e   p e r c e n t a g e   v a l u e   r e l a t i v e   t o   t h e   t o t a l   c a p a c i t y   a s s o c i a t e d   w i t h   t h e   s i g n a l .


Question: What is Memory signals?

Answer: O n   L i n u x   n o d e s ,   t h e   v a l u e   f o r   m e m o r y . a v a i l a b l e   i s   d e r i v e d   f r o m   t h e   c g r o u p f s   i n s t e a d   o f   t o o l s   l i k e   f r e e   - m .   T h i s   i s   i m p o r t a n t   b e c a u s e   f r e e   - m   d o e s   n o t   w o r k   i n   a   c o n t a i n e r ,   a n d   i f   u s e r s   u s e   t h e   n o d e   a l l o c a t a b l e   f e a t u r e ,   o u t   o f   r e s o u r c e   d e c i s i o n s   a r e   m a d e   l o c a l   t o   t h e   e n d   u s e r   P o d   p a r t   o f   t h e   c g r o u p   h i e r a r c h y   a s   w e l l   a s   t h e   r o o t   n o d e .   T h i s   s c r i p t   o r   c g r o u p v 2   s c r i p t   r e p r o d u c e s   t h e   s a m e   s e t   o f   s t e p s   t h a t   t h e   k u b e l e t   p e r f o r m s   t o   c a l c u l a t e   m e m o r y . a v a i l a b l e .   T h e   k u b e l e t   e x c l u d e s   i n a c t i v e _ f i l e   ( t h e   n u m b e r   o f   b y t e s   o f   f i l e - b a c k e d   m e m o r y   o n   t h e   i n a c t i v e   L R U   l i s t )   f r o m   i t s   c a l c u l a t i o n ,   a s   i t   a s s u m e s   t h a t   m e m o r y   i s   r e c l a i m a b l e   u n d e r   p r e s s u r e .   O n   W i n d o w s   n o d e s ,   t h e   v a l u e   f o r   m e m o r y . a v a i l a b l e   i s   d e r i v e d   f r o m   t h e   n o d e ' s   g l o b a l   m e m o r y   c o m m i t   l e v e l s   ( q u e r i e d   t h r o u g h   t h e   G e t P e r f o r m a n c e I n f o ( )   s y s t e m   c a l l )   b y   s u b t r a c t i n g   t h e   n o d e ' s   g l o b a l   C o m m i t T o t a l   f r o m   t h e   n o d e ' s   C o m m i t L i m i t .   P l e a s e   n o t e   t h a t   C o m m i t L i m i t   c a n   c h a n g e   i f   t h e   n o d e ' s   p a g e - f i l e   s i z e   c h a n g e s !


Question: What is Filesystem signals?

Answer: T h e   k u b e l e t   r e c o g n i z e s   t h r e e   s p e c i f i c   f i l e s y s t e m   i d e n t i f i e r s   t h a t   c a n   b e   u s e d   w i t h   e v i c t i o n   s i g n a l s   ( < i d e n t i f i e r > . i n o d e s F r e e   o r   < i d e n t i f i e r > . a v a i l a b l e ) :   n o d e f s :   T h e   n o d e ' s   m a i n   f i l e s y s t e m ,   u s e d   f o r   l o c a l   d i s k   v o l u m e s ,   e m p t y D i r   v o l u m e s   n o t   b a c k e d   b y   m e m o r y ,   l o g   s t o r a g e ,   e p h e m e r a l   s t o r a g e ,   a n d   m o r e .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   n o d e f s   c o n t a i n s   / v a r / l i b / k u b e l e t . i m a g e f s :   A n   o p t i o n a l   f i l e s y s t e m   t h a t   c o n t a i n e r   r u n t i m e s   c a n   u s e   t o   s t o r e   c o n t a i n e r   i m a g e s   ( w h i c h   a r e   t h e   r e a d - o n l y   l a y e r s )   a n d   c o n t a i n e r   w r i t a b l e   l a y e r s . c o n t a i n e r f s :   A n   o p t i o n a l   f i l e s y s t e m   t h a t   c o n t a i n e r   r u n t i m e   c a n   u s e   t o   s t o r e   t h e   w r i t e a b l e   l a y e r s .   S i m i l a r   t o   t h e   m a i n   f i l e s y s t e m   ( s e e   n o d e f s ) ,   i t ' s   u s e d   t o   s t o r e   l o c a l   d i s k   v o l u m e s ,   e m p t y D i r   v o l u m e s   n o t   b a c k e d   b y   m e m o r y ,   l o g   s t o r a g e ,   a n d   e p h e m e r a l   s t o r a g e ,   e x c e p t   f o r   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   i m a g e s .   W h e n   c o n t a i n e r f s   i s   u s e d ,   t h e   i m a g e f s   f i l e s y s t e m   c a n   b e   s p l i t   t o   o n l y   s t o r e   i m a g e s   ( r e a d - o n l y   l a y e r s )   a n d   n o t h i n g   e l s e .   n o d e f s :   T h e   n o d e ' s   m a i n   f i l e s y s t e m ,   u s e d   f o r   l o c a l   d i s k   v o l u m e s ,   e m p t y D i r   v o l u m e s   n o t   b a c k e d


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: T h e   s p l i t   i m a g e   f i l e s y s t e m   f e a t u r e ,   w h i c h   e n a b l e s   s u p p o r t   f o r   t h e   c o n t a i n e r f s   f i l e s y s t e m ,   a d d s   s e v e r a l   n e w   e v i c t i o n   s i g n a l s ,   t h r e s h o l d s   a n d   m e t r i c s .   T o   u s e   c o n t a i n e r f s ,   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   r e l e a s e   v 1 . 3 4   r e q u i r e s   t h e   K u b e l e t S e p a r a t e D i s k G C   f e a t u r e   g a t e   t o   b e   e n a b l e d .   C u r r e n t l y ,   o n l y   C R I - O   ( v 1 . 2 9   o r   h i g h e r )   o f f e r s   t h e   c o n t a i n e r f s   f i l e s y s t e m   s u p p o r t .   A s   s u c h ,   k u b e l e t   g e n e r a l l y   a l l o w s   t h r e e   o p t i o n s   f o r   c o n t a i n e r   f i l e s y s t e m s :   E v e r y t h i n g   i s   o n   t h e   s i n g l e   n o d e f s ,   a l s o   r e f e r r e d   t o   a s   " r o o t f s "   o r   s i m p l y   " r o o t " ,   a n d   t h e r e   i s   n o   d e d i c a t e d   i m a g e   f i l e s y s t e m . C o n t a i n e r   s t o r a g e   ( s e e   n o d e f s )   i s   o n   a   d e d i c a t e d   d i s k ,   a n d   i m a g e f s   ( w r i t a b l e   a n d   r e a d - o n l y   l a y e r s )   i s   s e p a r a t e   f r o m   t h e   r o o t   f i l e s y s t e m .   T h i s   i s   o f t e n   r e f e r r e d   t o   a s   " s p l i t   d i s k "   ( o r   " s e p a r a t e   d i s k " )   f i l e s y s t e m . C o n t a i n e r   f i l e s y s t e m   c o n t a i n e r f s   ( s a m e   a s   n o d e f s   p l u s   w r i t a b l e   l a y e r s )   i s   o n   r o o t   a n d   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   i m a g e s   ( r e a d - o n l y   l a y e r s )   a r e   s t o r e d   o n   s e p a r a t e   i m a g e f s .   T h i s   i s   o f t e n   r e f e r r e d   t o   a s   " s p l i t   i m a g e "   f i l e s y s t e m .   E v e r y t h i n g   i s   o n   t h e   s i n g l e   n o d


Question: What is Deprecated kubelet garbage collection features?

Answer: S o m e   k u b e l e t   g a r b a g e   c o l l e c t i o n   f e a t u r e s   a r e   d e p r e c a t e d   i n   f a v o r   o f   e v i c t i o n :


Question: What is Eviction thresholds?

Answer: Y o u   c a n   s p e c i f y   c u s t o m   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d s   f o r   t h e   k u b e l e t   t o   u s e   w h e n   i t   m a k e s   e v i c t i o n   d e c i s i o n s .   Y o u   c a n   c o n f i g u r e   s o f t   a n d   h a r d   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d s .   E v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d s   h a v e   t h e   f o r m   [ e v i c t i o n - s i g n a l ] [ o p e r a t o r ] [ q u a n t i t y ] ,   w h e r e :   e v i c t i o n - s i g n a l   i s   t h e   e v i c t i o n   s i g n a l   t o   u s e . o p e r a t o r   i s   t h e   r e l a t i o n a l   o p e r a t o r   y o u   w a n t ,   s u c h   a s   <   ( l e s s   t h a n ) . q u a n t i t y   i s   t h e   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d   a m o u n t ,   s u c h   a s   1 G i .   T h e   v a l u e   o f   q u a n t i t y   m u s t   m a t c h   t h e   q u a n t i t y   r e p r e s e n t a t i o n   u s e d   b y   K u b e r n e t e s .   Y o u   c a n   u s e   e i t h e r   l i t e r a l   v a l u e s   o r   p e r c e n t a g e s   ( % ) .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   i f   a   n o d e   h a s   1 0 G i B   o f   t o t a l   m e m o r y   a n d   y o u   w a n t   t r i g g e r   e v i c t i o n   i f   t h e   a v a i l a b l e   m e m o r y   f a l l s   b e l o w   1 G i B ,   y o u   c a n   d e f i n e   t h e   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d   a s   e i t h e r   m e m o r y . a v a i l a b l e < 1 0 %   o r   m e m o r y . a v a i l a b l e < 1 G i   ( y o u   c a n n o t   u s e   b o t h ) .


Question: What is Soft eviction thresholds?

Answer: A   s o f t   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d   p a i r s   a n   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d   w i t h   a   r e q u i r e d   a d m i n i s t r a t o r - s p e c i f i e d   g r a c e   p e r i o d .   T h e   k u b e l e t   d o e s   n o t   e v i c t   p o d s   u n t i l   t h e   g r a c e   p e r i o d   i s   e x c e e d e d .   T h e   k u b e l e t   r e t u r n s   a n   e r r o r   o n   s t a r t u p   i f   y o u   d o   n o t   s p e c i f y   a   g r a c e   p e r i o d .   Y o u   c a n   s p e c i f y   b o t h   a   s o f t   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d   g r a c e   p e r i o d   a n d   a   m a x i m u m   a l l o w e d   p o d   t e r m i n a t i o n   g r a c e   p e r i o d   f o r   k u b e l e t   t o   u s e   d u r i n g   e v i c t i o n s .   I f   y o u   s p e c i f y   a   m a x i m u m   a l l o w e d   g r a c e   p e r i o d   a n d   t h e   s o f t   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d   i s   m e t ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   u s e s   t h e   l e s s e r   o f   t h e   t w o   g r a c e   p e r i o d s .   I f   y o u   d o   n o t   s p e c i f y   a   m a x i m u m   a l l o w e d   g r a c e   p e r i o d ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   k i l l s   e v i c t e d   p o d s   i m m e d i a t e l y   w i t h o u t   g r a c e f u l   t e r m i n a t i o n .   Y o u   c a n   u s e   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   f l a g s   t o   c o n f i g u r e   s o f t   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d s :   e v i c t i o n - s o f t :   A   s e t   o f   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d s   l i k e   m e m o r y . a v a i l a b l e < 1 . 5 G i   t h a t   c a n   t r i g g e r   p o d   e v i c t i o n   i f   h e l d   o v e r   t h e   s p e c i f i e d   g r a c e   p e r i o d . e v i c t i o n - s o f t - g r a c e - p e r i o d :   A   s e t   o f   e v i c t i o n   g r a c e   p e r i o d s   l i k e   m e m o r y . a v a i l a b l e = 1 m 3 0 s   t h a t   d e f i n e   h o w   l o n g   a   s o f t   e v


Question: What is Hard eviction thresholds?

Answer: A   h a r d   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d   h a s   n o   g r a c e   p e r i o d .   W h e n   a   h a r d   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d   i s   m e t ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   k i l l s   p o d s   i m m e d i a t e l y   w i t h o u t   g r a c e f u l   t e r m i n a t i o n   t o   r e c l a i m   t h e   s t a r v e d   r e s o u r c e .   Y o u   c a n   u s e   t h e   e v i c t i o n - h a r d   f l a g   t o   c o n f i g u r e   a   s e t   o f   h a r d   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d s   l i k e   m e m o r y . a v a i l a b l e < 1 G i .   T h e   k u b e l e t   h a s   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   d e f a u l t   h a r d   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d s :   m e m o r y . a v a i l a b l e < 1 0 0 M i   ( L i n u x   n o d e s ) m e m o r y . a v a i l a b l e < 5 0 0 M i   ( W i n d o w s   n o d e s ) n o d e f s . a v a i l a b l e < 1 0 % i m a g e f s . a v a i l a b l e < 1 5 % n o d e f s . i n o d e s F r e e < 5 %   ( L i n u x   n o d e s ) i m a g e f s . i n o d e s F r e e < 5 %   ( L i n u x   n o d e s )   T h e s e   d e f a u l t   v a l u e s   o f   h a r d   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d s   w i l l   o n l y   b e   s e t   i f   n o n e   o f   t h e   p a r a m e t e r s   i s   c h a n g e d .   I f   y o u   c h a n g e   t h e   v a l u e   o f   a n y   p a r a m e t e r ,   t h e n   t h e   v a l u e s   o f   o t h e r   p a r a m e t e r s   w i l l   n o t   b e   i n h e r i t e d   a s   t h e   d e f a u l t   v a l u e s   a n d   w i l l   b e   s e t   t o   z e r o .   I n   o r d e r   t o   p r o v i d e   c u s t o m   v a l u e s ,   y o u   s h o u l d   p r o v i d e   a l l   t h e   t h r e s h o l d s   r e s p e c t i v e l y .   Y o u   c a n   a l s o   s e t   t h e   k u b e l e t   c o n f i g   M e r g e D e f a u l t E v i c t i o n S e t t i n g s   t o   t r u e   i n   t h e   k u b e l e t   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   f i l e .   I f   s e t   t o   t r u


Question: What is Eviction monitoring interval?

Answer: T h e   k u b e l e t   e v a l u a t e s   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d s   b a s e d   o n   i t s   c o n f i g u r e d   h o u s e k e e p i n g - i n t e r v a l ,   w h i c h   d e f a u l t s   t o   1 0 s .


Question: What is Node conditions?

Answer: T h e   k u b e l e t   r e p o r t s   n o d e   c o n d i t i o n s   t o   r e f l e c t   t h a t   t h e   n o d e   i s   u n d e r   p r e s s u r e   b e c a u s e   h a r d   o r   s o f t   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d   i s   m e t ,   i n d e p e n d e n t   o f   c o n f i g u r e d   g r a c e   p e r i o d s .   T h e   k u b e l e t   m a p s   e v i c t i o n   s i g n a l s   t o   n o d e   c o n d i t i o n s   a s   f o l l o w s :   T h e   c o n t r o l   p l a n e   a l s o   m a p s   t h e s e   n o d e   c o n d i t i o n s   t o   t a i n t s .   T h e   k u b e l e t   u p d a t e s   t h e   n o d e   c o n d i t i o n s   b a s e d   o n   t h e   c o n f i g u r e d   - - n o d e - s t a t u s - u p d a t e - f r e q u e n c y ,   w h i c h   d e f a u l t s   t o   1 0 s .


Question: What is Node condition oscillation?

Answer: I n   s o m e   c a s e s ,   n o d e s   o s c i l l a t e   a b o v e   a n d   b e l o w   s o f t   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d s   w i t h o u t   h o l d i n g   f o r   t h e   d e f i n e d   g r a c e   p e r i o d s .   T h i s   c a u s e s   t h e   r e p o r t e d   n o d e   c o n d i t i o n   t o   c o n s t a n t l y   s w i t c h   b e t w e e n   t r u e   a n d   f a l s e ,   l e a d i n g   t o   b a d   e v i c t i o n   d e c i s i o n s .   T o   p r o t e c t   a g a i n s t   o s c i l l a t i o n ,   y o u   c a n   u s e   t h e   e v i c t i o n - p r e s s u r e - t r a n s i t i o n - p e r i o d   f l a g ,   w h i c h   c o n t r o l s   h o w   l o n g   t h e   k u b e l e t   m u s t   w a i t   b e f o r e   t r a n s i t i o n i n g   a   n o d e   c o n d i t i o n   t o   a   d i f f e r e n t   s t a t e .   T h e   t r a n s i t i o n   p e r i o d   h a s   a   d e f a u l t   v a l u e   o f   5 m .


Question: What is Reclaiming node level resources?

Answer: T h e   k u b e l e t   t r i e s   t o   r e c l a i m   n o d e - l e v e l   r e s o u r c e s   b e f o r e   i t   e v i c t s   e n d - u s e r   p o d s .   W h e n   a   D i s k P r e s s u r e   n o d e   c o n d i t i o n   i s   r e p o r t e d ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   r e c l a i m s   n o d e - l e v e l   r e s o u r c e s   b a s e d   o n   t h e   f i l e s y s t e m s   o n   t h e   n o d e .


Question: What is Without imagefs or containerfs?

Answer: I f   t h e   n o d e   o n l y   h a s   a   n o d e f s   f i l e s y s t e m   t h a t   m e e t s   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d s ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   f r e e s   u p   d i s k   s p a c e   i n   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   o r d e r :   G a r b a g e   c o l l e c t   d e a d   p o d s   a n d   c o n t a i n e r s . D e l e t e   u n u s e d   i m a g e s .


Question: What is With imagefs?

Answer: I f   t h e   n o d e   h a s   a   d e d i c a t e d   i m a g e f s   f i l e s y s t e m   f o r   c o n t a i n e r   r u n t i m e s   t o   u s e ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   d o e s   t h e   f o l l o w i n g :   I f   t h e   n o d e f s   f i l e s y s t e m   m e e t s   t h e   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d s ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   g a r b a g e   c o l l e c t s   d e a d   p o d s   a n d   c o n t a i n e r s . I f   t h e   i m a g e f s   f i l e s y s t e m   m e e t s   t h e   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d s ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   d e l e t e s   a l l   u n u s e d   i m a g e s .   I f   t h e   n o d e f s   f i l e s y s t e m   m e e t s   t h e   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d s ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   g a r b a g e   c o l l e c t s   d e a d   p o d s   a n d   c o n t a i n e r s .   I f   t h e   i m a g e f s   f i l e s y s t e m   m e e t s   t h e   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d s ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   d e l e t e s   a l l   u n u s e d   i m a g e s .


Question: What is With imagefs and containerfs?

Answer: I f   t h e   n o d e   h a s   a   d e d i c a t e d   c o n t a i n e r f s   a l o n g s i d e   t h e   i m a g e f s   f i l e s y s t e m   c o n f i g u r e d   f o r   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   r u n t i m e s   t o   u s e ,   t h e n   k u b e l e t   w i l l   a t t e m p t   t o   r e c l a i m   r e s o u r c e s   a s   f o l l o w s :   I f   t h e   c o n t a i n e r f s   f i l e s y s t e m   m e e t s   t h e   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d s ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   g a r b a g e   c o l l e c t s   d e a d   p o d s   a n d   c o n t a i n e r s . I f   t h e   i m a g e f s   f i l e s y s t e m   m e e t s   t h e   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d s ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   d e l e t e s   a l l   u n u s e d   i m a g e s .   I f   t h e   c o n t a i n e r f s   f i l e s y s t e m   m e e t s   t h e   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d s ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   g a r b a g e   c o l l e c t s   d e a d   p o d s   a n d   c o n t a i n e r s .   I f   t h e   i m a g e f s   f i l e s y s t e m   m e e t s   t h e   e v i c t i o n   t h r e s h o l d s ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   d e l e t e s   a l l   u n u s e d   i m a g e s .


Question: What is Pod selection for kubelet eviction?

Answer: I f   t h e   k u b e l e t ' s   a t t e m p t s   t o   r e c l a i m   n o d e - l e v e l   r e s o u r c e s   d o n ' t   b r i n g   t h e   e v i c t i o n   s i g n a l   b e l o w   t h e   t h r e s h o l d ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   b e g i n s   t o   e v i c t   e n d - u s e r   p o d s .   T h e   k u b e l e t   u s e s   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   p a r a m e t e r s   t o   d e t e r m i n e   t h e   p o d   e v i c t i o n   o r d e r :   W h e t h e r   t h e   p o d ' s   r e s o u r c e   u s a g e   e x c e e d s   r e q u e s t s P o d   P r i o r i t y T h e   p o d ' s   r e s o u r c e   u s a g e   r e l a t i v e   t o   r e q u e s t s   A s   a   r e s u l t ,   k u b e l e t   r a n k s   a n d   e v i c t s   p o d s   i n   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   o r d e r :   B e s t E f f o r t   o r   B u r s t a b l e   p o d s   w h e r e   t h e   u s a g e   e x c e e d s   r e q u e s t s .   T h e s e   p o d s   a r e   e v i c t e d   b a s e d   o n   t h e i r   P r i o r i t y   a n d   t h e n   b y   h o w   m u c h   t h e i r   u s a g e   l e v e l   e x c e e d s   t h e   r e q u e s t . G u a r a n t e e d   p o d s   a n d   B u r s t a b l e   p o d s   w h e r e   t h e   u s a g e   i s   l e s s   t h a n   r e q u e s t s   a r e   e v i c t e d   l a s t ,   b a s e d   o n   t h e i r   P r i o r i t y .   B e s t E f f o r t   o r   B u r s t a b l e   p o d s   w h e r e   t h e   u s a g e   e x c e e d s   r e q u e s t s .   T h e s e   p o d s   a r e   e v i c t e d   b a s e d   o n   t h e i r   P r i o r i t y   a n d   t h e n   b y   h o w   m u c h   t h e i r   u s a g e   l e v e l   e x c e e d s   t h e   r e q u e s t .   G u a r a n t e e d   p o d s   a n d   B u r s t a b l e   p o d s   w h e r e   t h e   u s a g e   i s   l e s s   t h a n   r e q u e s t s   a r e   e v i c t e d   l a s t ,   b a s e d   o n   t h e i r   P r i o r i t y .


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: G u a r a n t e e d   p o d s   a r e   g u a r a n t e e d   o n l y   w h e n   r e q u e s t s   a n d   l i m i t s   a r e   s p e c i f i e d   f o r   a l l   t h e   c o n t a i n e r s   a n d   t h e y   a r e   e q u a l .   T h e s e   p o d s   w i l l   n e v e r   b e   e v i c t e d   b e c a u s e   o f   a n o t h e r   p o d ' s   r e s o u r c e   c o n s u m p t i o n .   I f   a   s y s t e m   d a e m o n   ( s u c h   a s   k u b e l e t   a n d   j o u r n a l d )   i s   c o n s u m i n g   m o r e   r e s o u r c e s   t h a n   w e r e   r e s e r v e d   v i a   s y s t e m - r e s e r v e d   o r   k u b e - r e s e r v e d   a l l o c a t i o n s ,   a n d   t h e   n o d e   o n l y   h a s   G u a r a n t e e d   o r   B u r s t a b l e   p o d s   u s i n g   l e s s   r e s o u r c e s   t h a n   r e q u e s t s   l e f t   o n   i t ,   t h e n   t h e   k u b e l e t   m u s t   c h o o s e   t o   e v i c t   o n e   o f   t h e s e   p o d s   t o   p r e s e r v e   n o d e   s t a b i l i t y   a n d   t o   l i m i t   t h e   i m p a c t   o f   r e s o u r c e   s t a r v a t i o n   o n   o t h e r   p o d s .   I n   t h i s   c a s e ,   i t   w i l l   c h o o s e   t o   e v i c t   p o d s   o f   l o w e s t   P r i o r i t y   f i r s t .   I f   y o u   a r e   r u n n i n g   a   s t a t i c   p o d   a n d   w a n t   t o   a v o i d   h a v i n g   i t   e v i c t e d   u n d e r   r e s o u r c e   p r e s s u r e ,   s e t   t h e   p r i o r i t y   f i e l d   f o r   t h a t   P o d   d i r e c t l y .   S t a t i c   p o d s   d o   n o t   s u p p o r t   t h e   p r i o r i t y C l a s s N a m e   f i e l d .   W h e n   t h e   k u b e l e t   e v i c t s   p o d s   i n   r e s p o n s e   t o   i n o d e   o r   p r o c e s s   I D   s t a r v a t i o n ,   i t   u s e s   t h e   P o d s '   r e l a t i v e   p r i o r i t y   t o   d e t e r m i n e   t h e   e v i c t i o n   o r d e r ,   b e c


Question: What is Without imagefs or containerfs (nodefs and imagefs use the same filesystem)?

Answer: I f   n o d e f s   t r i g g e r s   e v i c t i o n s ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   s o r t s   p o d s   b a s e d   o n   t h e i r   t o t a l   d i s k   u s a g e   ( l o c a l   v o l u m e s   +   l o g s   a n d   a   w r i t a b l e   l a y e r   o f   a l l   c o n t a i n e r s ) .


Question: What is With imagefs (nodefs and imagefs filesystems are separate)?

Answer: I f   n o d e f s   t r i g g e r s   e v i c t i o n s ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   s o r t s   p o d s   b a s e d   o n   n o d e f s   u s a g e   ( l o c a l   v o l u m e s   +   l o g s   o f   a l l   c o n t a i n e r s ) . I f   i m a g e f s   t r i g g e r s   e v i c t i o n s ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   s o r t s   p o d s   b a s e d   o n   t h e   w r i t a b l e   l a y e r   u s a g e   o f   a l l   c o n t a i n e r s .   I f   n o d e f s   t r i g g e r s   e v i c t i o n s ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   s o r t s   p o d s   b a s e d   o n   n o d e f s   u s a g e   ( l o c a l   v o l u m e s   +   l o g s   o f   a l l   c o n t a i n e r s ) .   I f   i m a g e f s   t r i g g e r s   e v i c t i o n s ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   s o r t s   p o d s   b a s e d   o n   t h e   w r i t a b l e   l a y e r   u s a g e   o f   a l l   c o n t a i n e r s .


Question: What is With imagesfs and containerfs (imagefs and containerfs have been split)?

Answer: I f   c o n t a i n e r f s   t r i g g e r s   e v i c t i o n s ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   s o r t s   p o d s   b a s e d   o n   c o n t a i n e r f s   u s a g e   ( l o c a l   v o l u m e s   +   l o g s   a n d   a   w r i t a b l e   l a y e r   o f   a l l   c o n t a i n e r s ) . I f   i m a g e f s   t r i g g e r s   e v i c t i o n s ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   s o r t s   p o d s   b a s e d   o n   t h e   s t o r a g e   o f   i m a g e s   r a n k ,   w h i c h   r e p r e s e n t s   t h e   d i s k   u s a g e   o f   a   g i v e n   i m a g e .   I f   c o n t a i n e r f s   t r i g g e r s   e v i c t i o n s ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   s o r t s   p o d s   b a s e d   o n   c o n t a i n e r f s   u s a g e   ( l o c a l   v o l u m e s   +   l o g s   a n d   a   w r i t a b l e   l a y e r   o f   a l l   c o n t a i n e r s ) .   I f   i m a g e f s   t r i g g e r s   e v i c t i o n s ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   s o r t s   p o d s   b a s e d   o n   t h e   s t o r a g e   o f   i m a g e s   r a n k ,   w h i c h   r e p r e s e n t s   t h e   d i s k   u s a g e   o f   a   g i v e n   i m a g e .