Question: What is Get gRPC endpoint?

Answer: T h e   G e t   e n d p o i n t   p r o v i d e s   i n f o r m a t i o n   o n   r e s o u r c e s   o f   a   r u n n i n g   P o d .   I t   e x p o s e s   i n f o r m a t i o n   s i m i l a r   t o   t h o s e   d e s c r i b e d   i n   t h e   L i s t   e n d p o i n t .   T h e   G e t   e n d p o i n t   r e q u i r e s   P o d N a m e   a n d   P o d N a m e s p a c e   o f   t h e   r u n n i n g   P o d .   / /   G e t P o d R e s o u r c e s R e q u e s t   c o n t a i n s   i n f o r m a t i o n   a b o u t   t h e   p o d   m e s s a g e   G e t P o d R e s o u r c e s R e q u e s t   {   s t r i n g   p o d _ n a m e   =   1 ;   s t r i n g   p o d _ n a m e s p a c e   =   2 ;   }   T o   d i s a b l e   t h i s   f e a t u r e ,   y o u   m u s t   s t a r t   y o u r   k u b e l e t   s e r v i c e s   w i t h   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   f l a g :   - - f e a t u r e - g a t e s = K u b e l e t P o d R e s o u r c e s G e t = f a l s e   T h e   G e t   e n d p o i n t   c a n   p r o v i d e   P o d   i n f o r m a t i o n   r e l a t e d   t o   d y n a m i c   r e s o u r c e s   a l l o c a t e d   b y   t h e   d y n a m i c   r e s o u r c e   a l l o c a t i o n   A P I .   S t a r t i n g   f r o m   K u b e r n e t e s   v 1 . 3 4 ,   t h i s   f e a t u r e   i s   e n a b l e d   b y   d e f a u l t .   T o   d i s a b l e ,   k u b e l e t   m u s t   b e   s t a r t e d   w i t h   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   f l a g s :   - - f e a t u r e - g a t e s = K u b e l e t P o d R e s o u r c e s D y n a m i c R e s o u r c e s = f a l s e


Question: What is Device plugin integration with the Topology Manager?

Answer: T h e   T o p o l o g y   M a n a g e r   i s   a   K u b e l e t   c o m p o n e n t   t h a t   a l l o w s   r e s o u r c e s   t o   b e   c o - o r d i n a t e d   i n   a   T o p o l o g y   a l i g n e d   m a n n e r .   I n   o r d e r   t o   d o   t h i s ,   t h e   D e v i c e   P l u g i n   A P I   w a s   e x t e n d e d   t o   i n c l u d e   a   T o p o l o g y I n f o   s t r u c t .   m e s s a g e   T o p o l o g y I n f o   {   r e p e a t e d   N U M A N o d e   n o d e s   =   1 ;   }   m e s s a g e   N U M A N o d e   {   i n t 6 4   I D   =   1 ;   }   D e v i c e   P l u g i n s   t h a t   w i s h   t o   l e v e r a g e   t h e   T o p o l o g y   M a n a g e r   c a n   s e n d   b a c k   a   p o p u l a t e d   T o p o l o g y I n f o   s t r u c t   a s   p a r t   o f   t h e   d e v i c e   r e g i s t r a t i o n ,   a l o n g   w i t h   t h e   d e v i c e   I D s   a n d   t h e   h e a l t h   o f   t h e   d e v i c e .   T h e   d e v i c e   m a n a g e r   w i l l   t h e n   u s e   t h i s   i n f o r m a t i o n   t o   c o n s u l t   w i t h   t h e   T o p o l o g y   M a n a g e r   a n d   m a k e   r e s o u r c e   a s s i g n m e n t   d e c i s i o n s .   T o p o l o g y I n f o   s u p p o r t s   s e t t i n g   a   n o d e s   f i e l d   t o   e i t h e r   n i l   o r   a   l i s t   o f   N U M A   n o d e s .   T h i s   a l l o w s   t h e   D e v i c e   P l u g i n   t o   a d v e r t i s e   a   d e v i c e   t h a t   s p a n s   m u l t i p l e   N U M A   n o d e s .   S e t t i n g   T o p o l o g y I n f o   t o   n i l   o r   p r o v i d i n g   a n   e m p t y   l i s t   o f   N U M A   n o d e s   f o r   a   g i v e n   d e v i c e   i n d i c a t e s   t h a t   t h e   D e v i c e   P l u g i n   d o e s   n o t   h a v e   a   N U M A   a f f i n i t y   p r e f e r e n c e   f o r   t h a t   d e v i c e .   A n   e x a m p l e   T o p o l o g y I n f o   s t r u c t   p o p u l a


Question: What is Device plugin examples?

Answer: H e r e   a r e   s o m e   e x a m p l e s   o f   d e v i c e   p l u g i n   i m p l e m e n t a t i o n s :   A k r i ,   w h i c h   l e t s   y o u   e a s i l y   e x p o s e   h e t e r o g e n e o u s   l e a f   d e v i c e s   ( s u c h   a s   I P   c a m e r a s   a n d   U S B   d e v i c e s ) . T h e   A M D   G P U   d e v i c e   p l u g i n T h e   g e n e r i c   d e v i c e   p l u g i n   f o r   g e n e r i c   L i n u x   d e v i c e s   a n d   U S B   d e v i c e s T h e   H A M i   f o r   h e t e r o g e n e o u s   A I   c o m p u t i n g   v i r t u a l i z a t i o n   m i d d l e w a r e   ( f o r   e x a m p l e ,   N V I D I A ,   C a m b r i c o n ,   H y g o n ,   I l u v a t a r ,   M T h r e a d s ,   A s c e n d ,   M e t a x ) T h e   I n t e l   d e v i c e   p l u g i n s   f o r   I n t e l   G P U ,   F P G A ,   Q A T ,   V P U ,   S G X ,   D S A ,   D L B   a n d   I A A   d e v i c e s T h e   K u b e V i r t   d e v i c e   p l u g i n s   f o r   h a r d w a r e - a s s i s t e d   v i r t u a l i z a t i o n T h e   N V I D I A   G P U   d e v i c e   p l u g i n ,   N V I D I A ' s   o f f i c i a l   d e v i c e   p l u g i n   t o   e x p o s e   N V I D I A   G P U s   a n d   m o n i t o r   G P U   h e a l t h T h e   N V I D I A   G P U   d e v i c e   p l u g i n   f o r   C o n t a i n e r - O p t i m i z e d   O S T h e   R D M A   d e v i c e   p l u g i n T h e   S o c k e t C A N   d e v i c e   p l u g i n T h e   S o l a r f l a r e   d e v i c e   p l u g i n T h e   S R - I O V   N e t w o r k   d e v i c e   p l u g i n T h e   X i l i n x   F P G A   d e v i c e   p l u g i n s   f o r   X i l i n x   F P G A   d e v i c e s


Question: What is What's next?

Answer: L e a r n   a b o u t   s c h e d u l i n g   G P U   r e s o u r c e s   u s i n g   d e v i c e   p l u g i n s L e a r n   a b o u t   a d v e r t i s i n g   e x t e n d e d   r e s o u r c e s   o n   a   n o d e L e a r n   a b o u t   t h e   T o p o l o g y   M a n a g e r R e a d   a b o u t   u s i n g   h a r d w a r e   a c c e l e r a t i o n   f o r   T L S   i n g r e s s   w i t h   K u b e r n e t e s R e a d   m o r e   a b o u t   E x t e n d e d   R e s o u r c e   a l l o c a t i o n   b y   D R A   I t e m s   o n   t h i s   p a g e   r e f e r   t o   t h i r d   p a r t y   p r o d u c t s   o r   p r o j e c t s   t h a t   p r o v i d e   f u n c t i o n a l i t y   r e q u i r e d   b y   K u b e r n e t e s .   T h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t   a u t h o r s   a r e n ' t   r e s p o n s i b l e   f o r   t h o s e   t h i r d - p a r t y   p r o d u c t s   o r   p r o j e c t s .   S e e   t h e   C N C F   w e b s i t e   g u i d e l i n e s   f o r   m o r e   d e t a i l s .   Y o u   s h o u l d   r e a d   t h e   c o n t e n t   g u i d e   b e f o r e   p r o p o s i n g   a   c h a n g e   t h a t   a d d s   a n   e x t r a   t h i r d - p a r t y   l i n k .


Question: What is Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods?

Answer: Assign CPU Resources to Containers and PodsThis page shows how to assign a CPU request and a CPU limit to a container. Containers cannot use more CPU than the configured limit. Provided the system has CPU time free, a container is guaranteed to be allocated as much CPU as it requests.Before you beginYou need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. It is recommended to run this tutorial on a cluster with at least two nodes that are not acting as control plane hosts. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using minikube or you can use one of these Kubernetes playgrounds:iximiuz LabsKillercodaKodeKloudPlay with KubernetesTo check the version, enter kubectl version.Your cluster must have at least 1 CPU available for use to run the task examples.A few of the steps on this page require you to run the metrics-server service in your cluster. If you have the metrics-server running, you can skip those steps.If you are running Minikube, run the following command to enable metrics-server:minikube addons enable metrics-server To see whether metrics-server (or another provider of the resource metrics API, metrics.k8s.io) is running, type the following command:kubectl get apiservices If the resource metrics API is available, the output will include a reference to metrics.k8s.io.NAME v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io Create a namespaceCreate a Namespace so that the resources you create in this exercise are isolated from the rest of your cluster.kubectl create namespace cpu-example Specify a CPU request and a CPU limitTo specify a CPU request for a container, include the resources:requests field in the Container resource manifest. To specify a CPU limit, include resources:limits.In this exercise, you create a Pod that has one container. The container has a request of 0.5 CPU and a limit of 1 CPU. Here is the configuration file for the Pod:pods/resource/cpu-request-limit.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: cpu-demo namespace: cpu-example spec: containers: - name: cpu-demo-ctr image: vish/stress resources: limits: cpu: "1" requests: cpu: "0.5" args: - -cpus - "2" The args section of the configuration file provides arguments for the container when it starts. The -cpus "2" argument tells the Container to attempt to use 2 CPUs.Create the Pod:kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/resource/cpu-request-limit.yaml --namespace=cpu-example Verify that the Pod is running:kubectl get pod cpu-demo --namespace=cpu-example View detailed information about the Pod:kubectl get pod cpu-demo --output=yaml --namespace=cpu-example The output shows that the one container in the Pod has a CPU request of 500 milliCPU and a CPU limit of 1 CPU.resources: limits: cpu: "1" requests: cpu: 500m Use kubectl top to fetch the metrics for the Pod:kubectl top pod cpu-demo --namespace=cpu-example This example output shows that the Pod is using 974 milliCPU, which is slightly less than the limit of


Question: How does Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods work?

Answer: Assign CPU Resources to Containers and PodsThis page shows how to assign a CPU request and a CPU limit to a container. Containers cannot use more CPU than the configured limit. Provided the system has CPU time free, a container is guaranteed to be allocated as much CPU as it requests.Before you beginYou need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. It is recommended to run this tutorial on a cluster with at least two nodes that are not acting as control plane hosts. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using minikube or you can use one of these Kubernetes playgrounds:iximiuz LabsKillercodaKodeKloudPlay with KubernetesTo check the version, enter kubectl version.Your cluster must have at least 1 CPU available for use to run the task examples.A few of the steps on this page require you to run the metrics-server service in your cluster. If you have the metrics-server running, you can skip those steps.If you are running Minikube, run the following command to enable metrics-server:minikube addons enable metrics-server To see whether metrics-server (or another provider of the resource metrics API, metrics.k8s.io) is running, type the following command:kubectl get apiservices If the resource metrics API is available, the output will include a reference to metrics.k8s.io.NAME v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io Create a namespaceCreate a Namespace so that the resources you create in this exercise are isolated from the rest of your cluster.kubectl create namespace cpu-example Specify a CPU request and a CPU limitTo specify a CPU request for a container, include the resources:requests field in the Container resource manifest. To specify a CPU limit, include resources:limits.In this exercise, you create a Pod that has one container. The container has a request of 0.5 CPU and a limit of 1 CPU. Here is the configuration file for the Pod:pods/resource/cpu-request-limit.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: cpu-demo namespace: cpu-example spec: containers: - name: cpu-demo-ctr image: vish/stress resources: limits: cpu: "1" requests: cpu: "0.5" args: - -cpus - "2" The args section of the configuration file provides arguments for the container when it starts. The -cpus "2" argument tells the Container to attempt to use 2 CPUs.Create the Pod:kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/resource/cpu-request-limit.yaml --namespace=cpu-example Verify that the Pod is running:kubectl get pod cpu-demo --namespace=cpu-example View detailed information about the Pod:kubectl get pod cpu-demo --output=yaml --namespace=cpu-example The output shows that the one container in the Pod has a CPU request of 500 milliCPU and a CPU limit of 1 CPU.resources: limits: cpu: "1" requests: cpu: 500m Use kubectl top to fetch the metrics for the Pod:kubectl top pod cpu-demo --namespace=cpu-example This example output shows that the Pod is using 974 milliCPU, which is slightly less than the limit of


Question: When would you use Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods?

Answer: Assign CPU Resources to Containers and PodsThis page shows how to assign a CPU request and a CPU limit to a container. Containers cannot use more CPU than the configured limit. Provided the system has CPU time free, a container is guaranteed to be allocated as much CPU as it requests.Before you beginYou need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. It is recommended to run this tutorial on a cluster with at least two nodes that are not acting as control plane hosts. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using minikube or you can use one of these Kubernetes playgrounds:iximiuz LabsKillercodaKodeKloudPlay with KubernetesTo check the version, enter kubectl version.Your cluster must have at least 1 CPU available for use to run the task examples.A few of the steps on this page require you to run the metrics-server service in your cluster. If you have the metrics-server running, you can skip those steps.If you are running Minikube, run the following command to enable metrics-server:minikube addons enable metrics-server To see whether metrics-server (or another provider of the resource metrics API, metrics.k8s.io) is running, type the following command:kubectl get apiservices If the resource metrics API is available, the output will include a reference to metrics.k8s.io.NAME v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io Create a namespaceCreate a Namespace so that the resources you create in this exercise are isolated from the rest of your cluster.kubectl create namespace cpu-example Specify a CPU request and a CPU limitTo specify a CPU request for a container, include the resources:requests field in the Container resource manifest. To specify a CPU limit, include resources:limits.In this exercise, you create a Pod that has one container. The container has a request of 0.5 CPU and a limit of 1 CPU. Here is the configuration file for the Pod:pods/resource/cpu-request-limit.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: cpu-demo namespace: cpu-example spec: containers: - name: cpu-demo-ctr image: vish/stress resources: limits: cpu: "1" requests: cpu: "0.5" args: - -cpus - "2" The args section of the configuration file provides arguments for the container when it starts. The -cpus "2" argument tells the Container to attempt to use 2 CPUs.Create the Pod:kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/resource/cpu-request-limit.yaml --namespace=cpu-example Verify that the Pod is running:kubectl get pod cpu-demo --namespace=cpu-example View detailed information about the Pod:kubectl get pod cpu-demo --output=yaml --namespace=cpu-example The output shows that the one container in the Pod has a CPU request of 500 milliCPU and a CPU limit of 1 CPU.resources: limits: cpu: "1" requests: cpu: 500m Use kubectl top to fetch the metrics for the Pod:kubectl top pod cpu-demo --namespace=cpu-example This example output shows that the Pod is using 974 milliCPU, which is slightly less than the limit of


Question: What are the benefits of Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods?

Answer: Assign CPU Resources to Containers and PodsThis page shows how to assign a CPU request and a CPU limit to a container. Containers cannot use more CPU than the configured limit. Provided the system has CPU time free, a container is guaranteed to be allocated as much CPU as it requests.Before you beginYou need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. It is recommended to run this tutorial on a cluster with at least two nodes that are not acting as control plane hosts. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using minikube or you can use one of these Kubernetes playgrounds:iximiuz LabsKillercodaKodeKloudPlay with KubernetesTo check the version, enter kubectl version.Your cluster must have at least 1 CPU available for use to run the task examples.A few of the steps on this page require you to run the metrics-server service in your cluster. If you have the metrics-server running, you can skip those steps.If you are running Minikube, run the following command to enable metrics-server:minikube addons enable metrics-server To see whether metrics-server (or another provider of the resource metrics API, metrics.k8s.io) is running, type the following command:kubectl get apiservices If the resource metrics API is available, the output will include a reference to metrics.k8s.io.NAME v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io Create a namespaceCreate a Namespace so that the resources you create in this exercise are isolated from the rest of your cluster.kubectl create namespace cpu-example Specify a CPU request and a CPU limitTo specify a CPU request for a container, include the resources:requests field in the Container resource manifest. To specify a CPU limit, include resources:limits.In this exercise, you create a Pod that has one container. The container has a request of 0.5 CPU and a limit of 1 CPU. Here is the configuration file for the Pod:pods/resource/cpu-request-limit.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: cpu-demo namespace: cpu-example spec: containers: - name: cpu-demo-ctr image: vish/stress resources: limits: cpu: "1" requests: cpu: "0.5" args: - -cpus - "2" The args section of the configuration file provides arguments for the container when it starts. The -cpus "2" argument tells the Container to attempt to use 2 CPUs.Create the Pod:kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/resource/cpu-request-limit.yaml --namespace=cpu-example Verify that the Pod is running:kubectl get pod cpu-demo --namespace=cpu-example View detailed information about the Pod:kubectl get pod cpu-demo --output=yaml --namespace=cpu-example The output shows that the one container in the Pod has a CPU request of 500 milliCPU and a CPU limit of 1 CPU.resources: limits: cpu: "1" requests: cpu: 500m Use kubectl top to fetch the metrics for the Pod:kubectl top pod cpu-demo --namespace=cpu-example This example output shows that the Pod is using 974 milliCPU, which is slightly less than the limit of


Question: What is Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods?

Answer: T h i s   p a g e   s h o w s   h o w   t o   a s s i g n   a   C P U   r e q u e s t   a n d   a   C P U   l i m i t   t o   a   c o n t a i n e r .   C o n t a i n e r s   c a n n o t   u s e   m o r e   C P U   t h a n   t h e   c o n f i g u r e d   l i m i t .   P r o v i d e d   t h e   s y s t e m   h a s   C P U   t i m e   f r e e ,   a   c o n t a i n e r   i s   g u a r a n t e e d   t o   b e   a l l o c a t e d   a s   m u c h   C P U   a s   i t   r e q u e s t s .


Question: What is Before you begin?

Answer: Y o u   n e e d   t o   h a v e   a   K u b e r n e t e s   c l u s t e r ,   a n d   t h e   k u b e c t l   c o m m a n d - l i n e   t o o l   m u s t   b e   c o n f i g u r e d   t o   c o m m u n i c a t e   w i t h   y o u r   c l u s t e r .   I t   i s   r e c o m m e n d e d   t o   r u n   t h i s   t u t o r i a l   o n   a   c l u s t e r   w i t h   a t   l e a s t   t w o   n o d e s   t h a t   a r e   n o t   a c t i n g   a s   c o n t r o l   p l a n e   h o s t s .   I f   y o u   d o   n o t   a l r e a d y   h a v e   a   c l u s t e r ,   y o u   c a n   c r e a t e   o n e   b y   u s i n g   m i n i k u b e   o r   y o u   c a n   u s e   o n e   o f   t h e s e   K u b e r n e t e s   p l a y g r o u n d s : i x i m i u z   L a b s K i l l e r c o d a K o d e K l o u d P l a y   w i t h   K u b e r n e t e s T o   c h e c k   t h e   v e r s i o n ,   e n t e r   k u b e c t l   v e r s i o n .   Y o u   n e e d   t o   h a v e   a   K u b e r n e t e s   c l u s t e r ,   a n d   t h e   k u b e c t l   c o m m a n d - l i n e   t o o l   m u s t   b e   c o n f i g u r e d   t o   c o m m u n i c a t e   w i t h   y o u r   c l u s t e r .   I t   i s   r e c o m m e n d e d   t o   r u n   t h i s   t u t o r i a l   o n   a   c l u s t e r   w i t h   a t   l e a s t   t w o   n o d e s   t h a t   a r e   n o t   a c t i n g   a s   c o n t r o l   p l a n e   h o s t s .   I f   y o u   d o   n o t   a l r e a d y   h a v e   a   c l u s t e r ,   y o u   c a n   c r e a t e   o n e   b y   u s i n g   m i n i k u b e   o r   y o u   c a n   u s e   o n e   o f   t h e s e   K u b e r n e t e s   p l a y g r o u n d s :   i x i m i u z   L a b s K i l l e r c o d a K o d e K l o u d P l a y   w i t h   K u b e r n e t e s   T o   c h e c k   t h e   v e r s i o n ,   e n t e r   k u b e c t l   v e r s i o n .   Y o u r   c l u s t e r   m u s t   h a v e   a t   l e a s t   1   C P U   a v a i l a b l e   f o r   u s e   t o   r u n


Question: What is Create a namespace?

Answer: C r e a t e   a   N a m e s p a c e   s o   t h a t   t h e   r e s o u r c e s   y o u   c r e a t e   i n   t h i s   e x e r c i s e   a r e   i s o l a t e d   f r o m   t h e   r e s t   o f   y o u r   c l u s t e r .   k u b e c t l   c r e a t e   n a m e s p a c e   c p u - e x a m p l e


Question: What is Specify a CPU request and a CPU limit?

Answer: T o   s p e c i f y   a   C P U   r e q u e s t   f o r   a   c o n t a i n e r ,   i n c l u d e   t h e   r e s o u r c e s : r e q u e s t s   f i e l d   i n   t h e   C o n t a i n e r   r e s o u r c e   m a n i f e s t .   T o   s p e c i f y   a   C P U   l i m i t ,   i n c l u d e   r e s o u r c e s : l i m i t s .   I n   t h i s   e x e r c i s e ,   y o u   c r e a t e   a   P o d   t h a t   h a s   o n e   c o n t a i n e r .   T h e   c o n t a i n e r   h a s   a   r e q u e s t   o f   0 . 5   C P U   a n d   a   l i m i t   o f   1   C P U .   H e r e   i s   t h e   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   f i l e   f o r   t h e   P o d :   a p i V e r s i o n :   v 1   k i n d :   P o d   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   c p u - d e m o   n a m e s p a c e :   c p u - e x a m p l e   s p e c :   c o n t a i n e r s :   -   n a m e :   c p u - d e m o - c t r   i m a g e :   v i s h / s t r e s s   r e s o u r c e s :   l i m i t s :   c p u :   " 1 "   r e q u e s t s :   c p u :   " 0 . 5 "   a r g s :   -   - c p u s   -   " 2 "   T h e   a r g s   s e c t i o n   o f   t h e   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   f i l e   p r o v i d e s   a r g u m e n t s   f o r   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   w h e n   i t   s t a r t s .   T h e   - c p u s   " 2 "   a r g u m e n t   t e l l s   t h e   C o n t a i n e r   t o   a t t e m p t   t o   u s e   2   C P U s .   C r e a t e   t h e   P o d :   k u b e c t l   a p p l y   - f   h t t p s : / / k 8 s . i o / e x a m p l e s / p o d s / r e s o u r c e / c p u - r e q u e s t - l i m i t . y a m l   - - n a m e s p a c e = c p u - e x a m p l e   V e r i f y   t h a t   t h e   P o d   i s   r u n n i n g :   k u b e c t l   g e t   p o d   c p u - d e m o   - - n a m e s p a c e = c p u - e x a m p l e   V i e w   d e t a i l e d   i n f o r m a t i o n   a b o u t   t h e   P o d :   k u b e c t l   g e t   p o d   c p u - d e m o   - - o u t p u t = y a m l   - - n a m e s p a c e = c p u - e x a m p l e   T h e


Question: What is CPU units?

Answer: T h e   C P U   r e s o u r c e   i s   m e a s u r e d   i n   C P U   u n i t s .   O n e   C P U ,   i n   K u b e r n e t e s ,   i s   e q u i v a l e n t   t o :   1   A W S   v C P U 1   G C P   C o r e 1   A z u r e   v C o r e 1   H y p e r t h r e a d   o n   a   b a r e - m e t a l   I n t e l   p r o c e s s o r   w i t h   H y p e r t h r e a d i n g   F r a c t i o n a l   v a l u e s   a r e   a l l o w e d .   A   C o n t a i n e r   t h a t   r e q u e s t s   0 . 5   C P U   i s   g u a r a n t e e d   h a l f   a s   m u c h   C P U   a s   a   C o n t a i n e r   t h a t   r e q u e s t s   1   C P U .   Y o u   c a n   u s e   t h e   s u f f i x   m   t o   m e a n   m i l l i .   F o r   e x a m p l e   1 0 0 m   C P U ,   1 0 0   m i l l i C P U ,   a n d   0 . 1   C P U   a r e   a l l   t h e   s a m e .   P r e c i s i o n   f i n e r   t h a n   1 m   i s   n o t   a l l o w e d .   C P U   i s   a l w a y s   r e q u e s t e d   a s   a n   a b s o l u t e   q u a n t i t y ,   n e v e r   a s   a   r e l a t i v e   q u a n t i t y ;   0 . 1   i s   t h e   s a m e   a m o u n t   o f   C P U   o n   a   s i n g l e - c o r e ,   d u a l - c o r e ,   o r   4 8 - c o r e   m a c h i n e .   D e l e t e   y o u r   P o d :   k u b e c t l   d e l e t e   p o d   c p u - d e m o   - - n a m e s p a c e = c p u - e x a m p l e


Question: What is Specify a CPU request that is too big for your Nodes?

Answer: C P U   r e q u e s t s   a n d   l i m i t s   a r e   a s s o c i a t e d   w i t h   C o n t a i n e r s ,   b u t   i t   i s   u s e f u l   t o   t h i n k   o f   a   P o d   a s   h a v i n g   a   C P U   r e q u e s t   a n d   l i m i t .   T h e   C P U   r e q u e s t   f o r   a   P o d   i s   t h e   s u m   o f   t h e   C P U   r e q u e s t s   f o r   a l l   t h e   C o n t a i n e r s   i n   t h e   P o d .   L i k e w i s e ,   t h e   C P U   l i m i t   f o r   a   P o d   i s   t h e   s u m   o f   t h e   C P U   l i m i t s   f o r   a l l   t h e   C o n t a i n e r s   i n   t h e   P o d .   P o d   s c h e d u l i n g   i s   b a s e d   o n   r e q u e s t s .   A   P o d   i s   s c h e d u l e d   t o   r u n   o n   a   N o d e   o n l y   i f   t h e   N o d e   h a s   e n o u g h   C P U   r e s o u r c e s   a v a i l a b l e   t o   s a t i s f y   t h e   P o d   C P U   r e q u e s t .   I n   t h i s   e x e r c i s e ,   y o u   c r e a t e   a   P o d   t h a t   h a s   a   C P U   r e q u e s t   s o   b i g   t h a t   i t   e x c e e d s   t h e   c a p a c i t y   o f   a n y   N o d e   i n   y o u r   c l u s t e r .   H e r e   i s   t h e   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   f i l e   f o r   a   P o d   t h a t   h a s   o n e   C o n t a i n e r .   T h e   C o n t a i n e r   r e q u e s t s   1 0 0   C P U ,   w h i c h   i s   l i k e l y   t o   e x c e e d   t h e   c a p a c i t y   o f   a n y   N o d e   i n   y o u r   c l u s t e r .   a p i V e r s i o n :   v 1   k i n d :   P o d   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   c p u - d e m o - 2   n a m e s p a c e :   c p u - e x a m p l e   s p e c :   c o n t a i n e r s :   -   n a m e :   c p u - d e m o - c t r - 2   i m a g e :   v i s h / s t r e s s   r e s o u r c e s :   l i m i t s :   c p u :   " 1 0 0 "   r e q u e s t s :   c p u :   " 1 0 0 "   a r g s :   -   - c p u s   -   " 2 "   C r e a t e   t h e   P o d :   k u b e c t l   a p p l y   - f


Question: What is If you do not specify a CPU limit?

Answer: I f   y o u   d o   n o t   s p e c i f y   a   C P U   l i m i t   f o r   a   C o n t a i n e r ,   t h e n   o n e   o f   t h e s e   s i t u a t i o n s   a p p l i e s :   T h e   C o n t a i n e r   h a s   n o   u p p e r   b o u n d   o n   t h e   C P U   r e s o u r c e s   i t   c a n   u s e .   T h e   C o n t a i n e r   c o u l d   u s e   a l l   o f   t h e   C P U   r e s o u r c e s   a v a i l a b l e   o n   t h e   N o d e   w h e r e   i t   i s   r u n n i n g . T h e   C o n t a i n e r   i s   r u n n i n g   i n   a   n a m e s p a c e   t h a t   h a s   a   d e f a u l t   C P U   l i m i t ,   a n d   t h e   C o n t a i n e r   i s   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   a s s i g n e d   t h e   d e f a u l t   l i m i t .   C l u s t e r   a d m i n i s t r a t o r s   c a n   u s e   a   L i m i t R a n g e   t o   s p e c i f y   a   d e f a u l t   v a l u e   f o r   t h e   C P U   l i m i t .   T h e   C o n t a i n e r   h a s   n o   u p p e r   b o u n d   o n   t h e   C P U   r e s o u r c e s   i t   c a n   u s e .   T h e   C o n t a i n e r   c o u l d   u s e   a l l   o f   t h e   C P U   r e s o u r c e s   a v a i l a b l e   o n   t h e   N o d e   w h e r e   i t   i s   r u n n i n g .   T h e   C o n t a i n e r   i s   r u n n i n g   i n   a   n a m e s p a c e   t h a t   h a s   a   d e f a u l t   C P U   l i m i t ,   a n d   t h e   C o n t a i n e r   i s   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   a s s i g n e d   t h e   d e f a u l t   l i m i t .   C l u s t e r   a d m i n i s t r a t o r s   c a n   u s e   a   L i m i t R a n g e   t o   s p e c i f y   a   d e f a u l t   v a l u e   f o r   t h e   C P U   l i m i t .


Question: What is If you specify a CPU limit but do not specify a CPU request?

Answer: I f   y o u   s p e c i f y   a   C P U   l i m i t   f o r   a   C o n t a i n e r   b u t   d o   n o t   s p e c i f y   a   C P U   r e q u e s t ,   K u b e r n e t e s   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   a s s i g n s   a   C P U   r e q u e s t   t h a t   m a t c h e s   t h e   l i m i t .   S i m i l a r l y ,   i f   a   C o n t a i n e r   s p e c i f i e s   i t s   o w n   m e m o r y   l i m i t ,   b u t   d o e s   n o t   s p e c i f y   a   m e m o r y   r e q u e s t ,   K u b e r n e t e s   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   a s s i g n s   a   m e m o r y   r e q u e s t   t h a t   m a t c h e s   t h e   l i m i t .


Question: What is Motivation for CPU requests and limits?

Answer: B y   c o n f i g u r i n g   t h e   C P U   r e q u e s t s   a n d   l i m i t s   o f   t h e   C o n t a i n e r s   t h a t   r u n   i n   y o u r   c l u s t e r ,   y o u   c a n   m a k e   e f f i c i e n t   u s e   o f   t h e   C P U   r e s o u r c e s   a v a i l a b l e   o n   y o u r   c l u s t e r   N o d e s .   B y   k e e p i n g   a   P o d   C P U   r e q u e s t   l o w ,   y o u   g i v e   t h e   P o d   a   g o o d   c h a n c e   o f   b e i n g   s c h e d u l e d .   B y   h a v i n g   a   C P U   l i m i t   t h a t   i s   g r e a t e r   t h a n   t h e   C P U   r e q u e s t ,   y o u   a c c o m p l i s h   t w o   t h i n g s :   T h e   P o d   c a n   h a v e   b u r s t s   o f   a c t i v i t y   w h e r e   i t   m a k e s   u s e   o f   C P U   r e s o u r c e s   t h a t   h a p p e n   t o   b e   a v a i l a b l e . T h e   a m o u n t   o f   C P U   r e s o u r c e s   a   P o d   c a n   u s e   d u r i n g   a   b u r s t   i s   l i m i t e d   t o   s o m e   r e a s o n a b l e   a m o u n t .


Question: What is Clean up?

Answer: D e l e t e   y o u r   n a m e s p a c e :   k u b e c t l   d e l e t e   n a m e s p a c e   c p u - e x a m p l e


Question: What is For app developers?

Answer: A s s i g n   M e m o r y   R e s o u r c e s   t o   C o n t a i n e r s   a n d   P o d s A s s i g n   P o d - l e v e l   C P U   a n d   m e m o r y   r e s o u r c e s C o n f i g u r e   Q u a l i t y   o f   S e r v i c e   f o r   P o d s R e s i z e   C P U   a n d   M e m o r y   R e s o u r c e s   a s s i g n e d   t o   C o n t a i n e r s   A s s i g n   M e m o r y   R e s o u r c e s   t o   C o n t a i n e r s   a n d   P o d s   A s s i g n   P o d - l e v e l   C P U   a n d   m e m o r y   r e s o u r c e s   C o n f i g u r e   Q u a l i t y   o f   S e r v i c e   f o r   P o d s   R e s i z e   C P U   a n d   M e m o r y   R e s o u r c e s   a s s i g n e d   t o   C o n t a i n e r s


Question: What is For cluster administrators?

Answer: C o n f i g u r e   D e f a u l t   M e m o r y   R e q u e s t s   a n d   L i m i t s   f o r   a   N a m e s p a c e C o n f i g u r e   D e f a u l t   C P U   R e q u e s t s   a n d   L i m i t s   f o r   a   N a m e s p a c e C o n f i g u r e   M i n i m u m   a n d   M a x i m u m   M e m o r y   C o n s t r a i n t s   f o r   a   N a m e s p a c e C o n f i g u r e   M i n i m u m   a n d   M a x i m u m   C P U   C o n s t r a i n t s   f o r   a   N a m e s p a c e C o n f i g u r e   M e m o r y   a n d   C P U   Q u o t a s   f o r   a   N a m e s p a c e C o n f i g u r e   a   P o d   Q u o t a   f o r   a   N a m e s p a c e C o n f i g u r e   Q u o t a s   f o r   A P I   O b j e c t s R e s i z e   C P U   a n d   M e m o r y   R e s o u r c e s   a s s i g n e d   t o   C o n t a i n e r s   C o n f i g u r e   D e f a u l t   M e m o r y   R e q u e s t s   a n d   L i m i t s   f o r   a   N a m e s p a c e   C o n f i g u r e   D e f a u l t   C P U   R e q u e s t s   a n d   L i m i t s   f o r   a   N a m e s p a c e   C o n f i g u r e   M i n i m u m   a n d   M a x i m u m   M e m o r y   C o n s t r a i n t s   f o r   a   N a m e s p a c e   C o n f i g u r e   M i n i m u m   a n d   M a x i m u m   C P U   C o n s t r a i n t s   f o r   a   N a m e s p a c e   C o n f i g u r e   M e m o r y   a n d   C P U   Q u o t a s   f o r   a   N a m e s p a c e   C o n f i g u r e   a   P o d   Q u o t a   f o r   a   N a m e s p a c e   C o n f i g u r e   Q u o t a s   f o r   A P I   O b j e c t s   R e s i z e   C P U   a n d   M e m o r y   R e s o u r c e s   a s s i g n e d   t o   C o n t a i n e r s


Question: What is Autoscaling Workloads?

Answer: Autoscaling WorkloadsWith autoscaling, you can automatically update your workloads in one way or another. This allows your cluster to react to changes in resource demand more elastically and efficiently.In Kubernetes, you can scale a workload depending on the current demand of resources. This allows your cluster to react to changes in resource demand more elastically and efficiently.When you scale a workload, you can either increase or decrease the number of replicas managed by the workload, or adjust the resources available to the replicas in-place.The first approach is referred to as horizontal scaling, while the second is referred to as vertical scaling.There are manual and automatic ways to scale your workloads, depending on your use case.Scaling workloads manuallyKubernetes supports manual scaling of workloads. Horizontal scaling can be done using the kubectl CLI. For vertical scaling, you need to patch the resource definition of your workload.See below for examples of both strategies.Horizontal scaling: Running multiple instances of your appVertical scaling: Resizing CPU and memory resources assigned to containersScaling workloads automaticallyKubernetes also supports automatic scaling of workloads, which is the focus of this page.The concept of Autoscaling in Kubernetes refers to the ability to automatically update an object that manages a set of Pods (for example a Deployment).Scaling workloads horizontallyIn Kubernetes, you can automatically scale a workload horizontally using a HorizontalPodAutoscaler (HPA).It is implemented as a Kubernetes API resource and a controller and periodically adjusts the number of replicas in a workload to match observed resource utilization such as CPU or memory usage.There is a walkthrough tutorial of configuring a HorizontalPodAutoscaler for a Deployment.Scaling workloads verticallyFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.25 [stable]You can automatically scale a workload vertically using a VerticalPodAutoscaler (VPA). Unlike the HPA, the VPA doesn't come with Kubernetes by default, but is a separate project that can be found on GitHub.Once installed, it allows you to create CustomResourceDefinitions (CRDs) for your workloads which define how and when to scale the resources of the managed replicas.Note:You will need to have the Metrics Server installed to your cluster for the VPA to work.At the moment, the VPA can operate in four different modes:Different modes of the VPAModeDescriptionAutoCurrently Recreate. This might change to in-place updates in the future.RecreateThe VPA assigns resource requests on pod creation as well as updates them on existing pods by evicting them when the requested resources differ significantly from the new recommendationInitialThe VPA only assigns resource requests on pod creation and never changes them later.OffThe VPA does not automatically change the resource requirements of the pods. The recommendations are calculated and can be inspected in the VPA object.In-place pod vertical scaling


Question: How does Autoscaling Workloads work?

Answer: Autoscaling WorkloadsWith autoscaling, you can automatically update your workloads in one way or another. This allows your cluster to react to changes in resource demand more elastically and efficiently.In Kubernetes, you can scale a workload depending on the current demand of resources. This allows your cluster to react to changes in resource demand more elastically and efficiently.When you scale a workload, you can either increase or decrease the number of replicas managed by the workload, or adjust the resources available to the replicas in-place.The first approach is referred to as horizontal scaling, while the second is referred to as vertical scaling.There are manual and automatic ways to scale your workloads, depending on your use case.Scaling workloads manuallyKubernetes supports manual scaling of workloads. Horizontal scaling can be done using the kubectl CLI. For vertical scaling, you need to patch the resource definition of your workload.See below for examples of both strategies.Horizontal scaling: Running multiple instances of your appVertical scaling: Resizing CPU and memory resources assigned to containersScaling workloads automaticallyKubernetes also supports automatic scaling of workloads, which is the focus of this page.The concept of Autoscaling in Kubernetes refers to the ability to automatically update an object that manages a set of Pods (for example a Deployment).Scaling workloads horizontallyIn Kubernetes, you can automatically scale a workload horizontally using a HorizontalPodAutoscaler (HPA).It is implemented as a Kubernetes API resource and a controller and periodically adjusts the number of replicas in a workload to match observed resource utilization such as CPU or memory usage.There is a walkthrough tutorial of configuring a HorizontalPodAutoscaler for a Deployment.Scaling workloads verticallyFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.25 [stable]You can automatically scale a workload vertically using a VerticalPodAutoscaler (VPA). Unlike the HPA, the VPA doesn't come with Kubernetes by default, but is a separate project that can be found on GitHub.Once installed, it allows you to create CustomResourceDefinitions (CRDs) for your workloads which define how and when to scale the resources of the managed replicas.Note:You will need to have the Metrics Server installed to your cluster for the VPA to work.At the moment, the VPA can operate in four different modes:Different modes of the VPAModeDescriptionAutoCurrently Recreate. This might change to in-place updates in the future.RecreateThe VPA assigns resource requests on pod creation as well as updates them on existing pods by evicting them when the requested resources differ significantly from the new recommendationInitialThe VPA only assigns resource requests on pod creation and never changes them later.OffThe VPA does not automatically change the resource requirements of the pods. The recommendations are calculated and can be inspected in the VPA object.In-place pod vertical scaling


Question: When would you use Autoscaling Workloads?

Answer: Autoscaling WorkloadsWith autoscaling, you can automatically update your workloads in one way or another. This allows your cluster to react to changes in resource demand more elastically and efficiently.In Kubernetes, you can scale a workload depending on the current demand of resources. This allows your cluster to react to changes in resource demand more elastically and efficiently.When you scale a workload, you can either increase or decrease the number of replicas managed by the workload, or adjust the resources available to the replicas in-place.The first approach is referred to as horizontal scaling, while the second is referred to as vertical scaling.There are manual and automatic ways to scale your workloads, depending on your use case.Scaling workloads manuallyKubernetes supports manual scaling of workloads. Horizontal scaling can be done using the kubectl CLI. For vertical scaling, you need to patch the resource definition of your workload.See below for examples of both strategies.Horizontal scaling: Running multiple instances of your appVertical scaling: Resizing CPU and memory resources assigned to containersScaling workloads automaticallyKubernetes also supports automatic scaling of workloads, which is the focus of this page.The concept of Autoscaling in Kubernetes refers to the ability to automatically update an object that manages a set of Pods (for example a Deployment).Scaling workloads horizontallyIn Kubernetes, you can automatically scale a workload horizontally using a HorizontalPodAutoscaler (HPA).It is implemented as a Kubernetes API resource and a controller and periodically adjusts the number of replicas in a workload to match observed resource utilization such as CPU or memory usage.There is a walkthrough tutorial of configuring a HorizontalPodAutoscaler for a Deployment.Scaling workloads verticallyFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.25 [stable]You can automatically scale a workload vertically using a VerticalPodAutoscaler (VPA). Unlike the HPA, the VPA doesn't come with Kubernetes by default, but is a separate project that can be found on GitHub.Once installed, it allows you to create CustomResourceDefinitions (CRDs) for your workloads which define how and when to scale the resources of the managed replicas.Note:You will need to have the Metrics Server installed to your cluster for the VPA to work.At the moment, the VPA can operate in four different modes:Different modes of the VPAModeDescriptionAutoCurrently Recreate. This might change to in-place updates in the future.RecreateThe VPA assigns resource requests on pod creation as well as updates them on existing pods by evicting them when the requested resources differ significantly from the new recommendationInitialThe VPA only assigns resource requests on pod creation and never changes them later.OffThe VPA does not automatically change the resource requirements of the pods. The recommendations are calculated and can be inspected in the VPA object.In-place pod vertical scaling


Question: What are the benefits of Autoscaling Workloads?

Answer: Autoscaling WorkloadsWith autoscaling, you can automatically update your workloads in one way or another. This allows your cluster to react to changes in resource demand more elastically and efficiently.In Kubernetes, you can scale a workload depending on the current demand of resources. This allows your cluster to react to changes in resource demand more elastically and efficiently.When you scale a workload, you can either increase or decrease the number of replicas managed by the workload, or adjust the resources available to the replicas in-place.The first approach is referred to as horizontal scaling, while the second is referred to as vertical scaling.There are manual and automatic ways to scale your workloads, depending on your use case.Scaling workloads manuallyKubernetes supports manual scaling of workloads. Horizontal scaling can be done using the kubectl CLI. For vertical scaling, you need to patch the resource definition of your workload.See below for examples of both strategies.Horizontal scaling: Running multiple instances of your appVertical scaling: Resizing CPU and memory resources assigned to containersScaling workloads automaticallyKubernetes also supports automatic scaling of workloads, which is the focus of this page.The concept of Autoscaling in Kubernetes refers to the ability to automatically update an object that manages a set of Pods (for example a Deployment).Scaling workloads horizontallyIn Kubernetes, you can automatically scale a workload horizontally using a HorizontalPodAutoscaler (HPA).It is implemented as a Kubernetes API resource and a controller and periodically adjusts the number of replicas in a workload to match observed resource utilization such as CPU or memory usage.There is a walkthrough tutorial of configuring a HorizontalPodAutoscaler for a Deployment.Scaling workloads verticallyFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.25 [stable]You can automatically scale a workload vertically using a VerticalPodAutoscaler (VPA). Unlike the HPA, the VPA doesn't come with Kubernetes by default, but is a separate project that can be found on GitHub.Once installed, it allows you to create CustomResourceDefinitions (CRDs) for your workloads which define how and when to scale the resources of the managed replicas.Note:You will need to have the Metrics Server installed to your cluster for the VPA to work.At the moment, the VPA can operate in four different modes:Different modes of the VPAModeDescriptionAutoCurrently Recreate. This might change to in-place updates in the future.RecreateThe VPA assigns resource requests on pod creation as well as updates them on existing pods by evicting them when the requested resources differ significantly from the new recommendationInitialThe VPA only assigns resource requests on pod creation and never changes them later.OffThe VPA does not automatically change the resource requirements of the pods. The recommendations are calculated and can be inspected in the VPA object.In-place pod vertical scaling


Question: What is Autoscaling Workloads?

Answer: I n   K u b e r n e t e s ,   y o u   c a n   s c a l e   a   w o r k l o a d   d e p e n d i n g   o n   t h e   c u r r e n t   d e m a n d   o f   r e s o u r c e s .   T h i s   a l l o w s   y o u r   c l u s t e r   t o   r e a c t   t o   c h a n g e s   i n   r e s o u r c e   d e m a n d   m o r e   e l a s t i c a l l y   a n d   e f f i c i e n t l y .   W h e n   y o u   s c a l e   a   w o r k l o a d ,   y o u   c a n   e i t h e r   i n c r e a s e   o r   d e c r e a s e   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   r e p l i c a s   m a n a g e d   b y   t h e   w o r k l o a d ,   o r   a d j u s t   t h e   r e s o u r c e s   a v a i l a b l e   t o   t h e   r e p l i c a s   i n - p l a c e .   T h e   f i r s t   a p p r o a c h   i s   r e f e r r e d   t o   a s   h o r i z o n t a l   s c a l i n g ,   w h i l e   t h e   s e c o n d   i s   r e f e r r e d   t o   a s   v e r t i c a l   s c a l i n g .   T h e r e   a r e   m a n u a l   a n d   a u t o m a t i c   w a y s   t o   s c a l e   y o u r   w o r k l o a d s ,   d e p e n d i n g   o n   y o u r   u s e   c a s e .


Question: What is Scaling workloads manually?

Answer: K u b e r n e t e s   s u p p o r t s   m a n u a l   s c a l i n g   o f   w o r k l o a d s .   H o r i z o n t a l   s c a l i n g   c a n   b e   d o n e   u s i n g   t h e   k u b e c t l   C L I .   F o r   v e r t i c a l   s c a l i n g ,   y o u   n e e d   t o   p a t c h   t h e   r e s o u r c e   d e f i n i t i o n   o f   y o u r   w o r k l o a d .   S e e   b e l o w   f o r   e x a m p l e s   o f   b o t h   s t r a t e g i e s .   H o r i z o n t a l   s c a l i n g :   R u n n i n g   m u l t i p l e   i n s t a n c e s   o f   y o u r   a p p V e r t i c a l   s c a l i n g :   R e s i z i n g   C P U   a n d   m e m o r y   r e s o u r c e s   a s s i g n e d   t o   c o n t a i n e r s


Question: What is Scaling workloads automatically?

Answer: K u b e r n e t e s   a l s o   s u p p o r t s   a u t o m a t i c   s c a l i n g   o f   w o r k l o a d s ,   w h i c h   i s   t h e   f o c u s   o f   t h i s   p a g e .   T h e   c o n c e p t   o f   A u t o s c a l i n g   i n   K u b e r n e t e s   r e f e r s   t o   t h e   a b i l i t y   t o   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   u p d a t e   a n   o b j e c t   t h a t   m a n a g e s   a   s e t   o f   P o d s   ( f o r   e x a m p l e   a   D e p l o y m e n t ) .


Question: What is Scaling workloads horizontally?

Answer: I n   K u b e r n e t e s ,   y o u   c a n   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   s c a l e   a   w o r k l o a d   h o r i z o n t a l l y   u s i n g   a   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   ( H P A ) .   I t   i s   i m p l e m e n t e d   a s   a   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I   r e s o u r c e   a n d   a   c o n t r o l l e r   a n d   p e r i o d i c a l l y   a d j u s t s   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   r e p l i c a s   i n   a   w o r k l o a d   t o   m a t c h   o b s e r v e d   r e s o u r c e   u t i l i z a t i o n   s u c h   a s   C P U   o r   m e m o r y   u s a g e .   T h e r e   i s   a   w a l k t h r o u g h   t u t o r i a l   o f   c o n f i g u r i n g   a   H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   f o r   a   D e p l o y m e n t .


Question: What is Scaling workloads vertically?

Answer: Y o u   c a n   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   s c a l e   a   w o r k l o a d   v e r t i c a l l y   u s i n g   a   V e r t i c a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   ( V P A ) .   U n l i k e   t h e   H P A ,   t h e   V P A   d o e s n ' t   c o m e   w i t h   K u b e r n e t e s   b y   d e f a u l t ,   b u t   i s   a   s e p a r a t e   p r o j e c t   t h a t   c a n   b e   f o u n d   o n   G i t H u b .   O n c e   i n s t a l l e d ,   i t   a l l o w s   y o u   t o   c r e a t e   C u s t o m R e s o u r c e D e f i n i t i o n s   ( C R D s )   f o r   y o u r   w o r k l o a d s   w h i c h   d e f i n e   h o w   a n d   w h e n   t o   s c a l e   t h e   r e s o u r c e s   o f   t h e   m a n a g e d   r e p l i c a s .


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: A t   t h e   m o m e n t ,   t h e   V P A   c a n   o p e r a t e   i n   f o u r   d i f f e r e n t   m o d e s :


Question: What is In-place pod vertical scaling?

Answer: A s   o f   K u b e r n e t e s   1 . 3 4 ,   V P A   d o e s   n o t   s u p p o r t   r e s i z i n g   p o d s   i n - p l a c e ,   b u t   t h i s   i n t e g r a t i o n   i s   b e i n g   w o r k e d   o n .   F o r   m a n u a l l y   r e s i z i n g   p o d s   i n - p l a c e ,   s e e   R e s i z e   C o n t a i n e r   R e s o u r c e s   I n - P l a c e .


Question: What is Autoscaling based on cluster size?

Answer: F o r   w o r k l o a d s   t h a t   n e e d   t o   b e   s c a l e d   b a s e d   o n   t h e   s i z e   o f   t h e   c l u s t e r   ( f o r   e x a m p l e   c l u s t e r - d n s   o r   o t h e r   s y s t e m   c o m p o n e n t s ) ,   y o u   c a n   u s e   t h e   C l u s t e r   P r o p o r t i o n a l   A u t o s c a l e r .   J u s t   l i k e   t h e   V P A ,   i t   i s   n o t   p a r t   o f   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   c o r e ,   b u t   h o s t e d   a s   i t s   o w n   p r o j e c t   o n   G i t H u b .   T h e   C l u s t e r   P r o p o r t i o n a l   A u t o s c a l e r   w a t c h e s   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   s c h e d u l a b l e   n o d e s   a n d   c o r e s   a n d   s c a l e s   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   r e p l i c a s   o f   t h e   t a r g e t   w o r k l o a d   a c c o r d i n g l y .   I f   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   r e p l i c a s   s h o u l d   s t a y   t h e   s a m e ,   y o u   c a n   s c a l e   y o u r   w o r k l o a d s   v e r t i c a l l y   a c c o r d i n g   t o   t h e   c l u s t e r   s i z e   u s i n g   t h e   C l u s t e r   P r o p o r t i o n a l   V e r t i c a l   A u t o s c a l e r .   T h e   p r o j e c t   i s   c u r r e n t l y   i n   b e t a   a n d   c a n   b e   f o u n d   o n   G i t H u b .   W h i l e   t h e   C l u s t e r   P r o p o r t i o n a l   A u t o s c a l e r   s c a l e s   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   r e p l i c a s   o f   a   w o r k l o a d ,   t h e   C l u s t e r   P r o p o r t i o n a l   V e r t i c a l   A u t o s c a l e r   a d j u s t s   t h e   r e s o u r c e   r e q u e s t s   f o r   a   w o r k l o a d   ( f o r   e x a m p l e   a   D e p l o y m e n t   o r   D a e m o n S e t )   b a s e d   o n   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   n o d e s   a n d / o r   c o r e s   i n   t h e   c l u s t e r .


Question: What is Event driven Autoscaling?

Answer: I t   i s   a l s o   p o s s i b l e   t o   s c a l e   w o r k l o a d s   b a s e d   o n   e v e n t s ,   f o r   e x a m p l e   u s i n g   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   E v e n t   D r i v e n   A u t o s c a l e r   ( K E D A ) .   K E D A   i s   a   C N C F - g r a d u a t e d   p r o j e c t   e n a b l i n g   y o u   t o   s c a l e   y o u r   w o r k l o a d s   b a s e d   o n   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   e v e n t s   t o   b e   p r o c e s s e d ,   f o r   e x a m p l e   t h e   a m o u n t   o f   m e s s a g e s   i n   a   q u e u e .   T h e r e   e x i s t s   a   w i d e   r a n g e   o f   a d a p t e r s   f o r   d i f f e r e n t   e v e n t   s o u r c e s   t o   c h o o s e   f r o m .


Question: What is Autoscaling based on schedules?

Answer: A n o t h e r   s t r a t e g y   f o r   s c a l i n g   y o u r   w o r k l o a d s   i s   t o   s c h e d u l e   t h e   s c a l i n g   o p e r a t i o n s ,   f o r   e x a m p l e   i n   o r d e r   t o   r e d u c e   r e s o u r c e   c o n s u m p t i o n   d u r i n g   o f f - p e a k   h o u r s .   S i m i l a r   t o   e v e n t   d r i v e n   a u t o s c a l i n g ,   s u c h   b e h a v i o r   c a n   b e   a c h i e v e d   u s i n g   K E D A   i n   c o n j u n c t i o n   w i t h   i t s   C r o n   s c a l e r .   T h e   C r o n   s c a l e r   a l l o w s   y o u   t o   d e f i n e   s c h e d u l e s   ( a n d   t i m e   z o n e s )   f o r   s c a l i n g   y o u r   w o r k l o a d s   i n   o r   o u t .


Question: What is Scaling cluster infrastructure?

Answer: I f   s c a l i n g   w o r k l o a d s   i s n ' t   e n o u g h   t o   m e e t   y o u r   n e e d s ,   y o u   c a n   a l s o   s c a l e   y o u r   c l u s t e r   i n f r a s t r u c t u r e   i t s e l f .   S c a l i n g   t h e   c l u s t e r   i n f r a s t r u c t u r e   n o r m a l l y   m e a n s   a d d i n g   o r   r e m o v i n g   n o d e s .   R e a d   N o d e   a u t o s c a l i n g   f o r   m o r e   i n f o r m a t i o n .


Question: What is What's next?

Answer: L e a r n   m o r e   a b o u t   s c a l i n g   h o r i z o n t a l l y S c a l e   a   S t a t e f u l S e t H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   W a l k t h r o u g h R e s i z e   C o n t a i n e r   R e s o u r c e s   I n - P l a c e A u t o s c a l e   t h e   D N S   S e r v i c e   i n   a   C l u s t e r L e a r n   a b o u t   N o d e   a u t o s c a l i n g   S c a l e   a   S t a t e f u l S e t H o r i z o n t a l P o d A u t o s c a l e r   W a l k t h r o u g h


Question: What is Weave Net for NetworkPolicy?

Answer: Weave Net for NetworkPolicyThis page shows how to use Weave Net for NetworkPolicy.Before you beginYou need to have a Kubernetes cluster. Follow the kubeadm getting started guide to bootstrap one.Install the Weave Net addonFollow the Integrating Kubernetes via the Addon guide.The Weave Net addon for Kubernetes comes with a Network Policy Controller that automatically monitors Kubernetes for any NetworkPolicy annotations on all namespaces and configures iptables rules to allow or block traffic as directed by the policies.Test the installationVerify that the weave works.Enter the following command:kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide The output is similar to this:NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE weave-net-1t1qg 2/2 Running 0 9d 192.168.2.10 worknode3 weave-net-231d7 2/2 Running 1 7d 10.2.0.17 worknodegpu weave-net-7nmwt 2/2 Running 3 9d 192.168.2.131 masternode weave-net-pmw8w 2/2 Running 0 9d 192.168.2.216 worknode2 Each Node has a weave Pod, and all Pods are Running and 2/2 READY. (2/2 means that each Pod has weave and weave-npc.)What's nextOnce you have installed the Weave Net addon, you can follow the Declare Network Policy to try out Kubernetes NetworkPolicy. If you have any question, contact us at #weave-community on Slack or Weave User Group.


Question: How does Weave Net for NetworkPolicy work?

Answer: Weave Net for NetworkPolicyThis page shows how to use Weave Net for NetworkPolicy.Before you beginYou need to have a Kubernetes cluster. Follow the kubeadm getting started guide to bootstrap one.Install the Weave Net addonFollow the Integrating Kubernetes via the Addon guide.The Weave Net addon for Kubernetes comes with a Network Policy Controller that automatically monitors Kubernetes for any NetworkPolicy annotations on all namespaces and configures iptables rules to allow or block traffic as directed by the policies.Test the installationVerify that the weave works.Enter the following command:kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide The output is similar to this:NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE weave-net-1t1qg 2/2 Running 0 9d 192.168.2.10 worknode3 weave-net-231d7 2/2 Running 1 7d 10.2.0.17 worknodegpu weave-net-7nmwt 2/2 Running 3 9d 192.168.2.131 masternode weave-net-pmw8w 2/2 Running 0 9d 192.168.2.216 worknode2 Each Node has a weave Pod, and all Pods are Running and 2/2 READY. (2/2 means that each Pod has weave and weave-npc.)What's nextOnce you have installed the Weave Net addon, you can follow the Declare Network Policy to try out Kubernetes NetworkPolicy. If you have any question, contact us at #weave-community on Slack or Weave User Group.


Question: When would you use Weave Net for NetworkPolicy?

Answer: Weave Net for NetworkPolicyThis page shows how to use Weave Net for NetworkPolicy.Before you beginYou need to have a Kubernetes cluster. Follow the kubeadm getting started guide to bootstrap one.Install the Weave Net addonFollow the Integrating Kubernetes via the Addon guide.The Weave Net addon for Kubernetes comes with a Network Policy Controller that automatically monitors Kubernetes for any NetworkPolicy annotations on all namespaces and configures iptables rules to allow or block traffic as directed by the policies.Test the installationVerify that the weave works.Enter the following command:kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide The output is similar to this:NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE weave-net-1t1qg 2/2 Running 0 9d 192.168.2.10 worknode3 weave-net-231d7 2/2 Running 1 7d 10.2.0.17 worknodegpu weave-net-7nmwt 2/2 Running 3 9d 192.168.2.131 masternode weave-net-pmw8w 2/2 Running 0 9d 192.168.2.216 worknode2 Each Node has a weave Pod, and all Pods are Running and 2/2 READY. (2/2 means that each Pod has weave and weave-npc.)What's nextOnce you have installed the Weave Net addon, you can follow the Declare Network Policy to try out Kubernetes NetworkPolicy. If you have any question, contact us at #weave-community on Slack or Weave User Group.


Question: What are the benefits of Weave Net for NetworkPolicy?

Answer: Weave Net for NetworkPolicyThis page shows how to use Weave Net for NetworkPolicy.Before you beginYou need to have a Kubernetes cluster. Follow the kubeadm getting started guide to bootstrap one.Install the Weave Net addonFollow the Integrating Kubernetes via the Addon guide.The Weave Net addon for Kubernetes comes with a Network Policy Controller that automatically monitors Kubernetes for any NetworkPolicy annotations on all namespaces and configures iptables rules to allow or block traffic as directed by the policies.Test the installationVerify that the weave works.Enter the following command:kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide The output is similar to this:NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE weave-net-1t1qg 2/2 Running 0 9d 192.168.2.10 worknode3 weave-net-231d7 2/2 Running 1 7d 10.2.0.17 worknodegpu weave-net-7nmwt 2/2 Running 3 9d 192.168.2.131 masternode weave-net-pmw8w 2/2 Running 0 9d 192.168.2.216 worknode2 Each Node has a weave Pod, and all Pods are Running and 2/2 READY. (2/2 means that each Pod has weave and weave-npc.)What's nextOnce you have installed the Weave Net addon, you can follow the Declare Network Policy to try out Kubernetes NetworkPolicy. If you have any question, contact us at #weave-community on Slack or Weave User Group.


Question: What is Weave Net for NetworkPolicy?

Answer: T h i s   p a g e   s h o w s   h o w   t o   u s e   W e a v e   N e t   f o r   N e t w o r k P o l i c y .


Question: What is Before you begin?

Answer: Y o u   n e e d   t o   h a v e   a   K u b e r n e t e s   c l u s t e r .   F o l l o w   t h e   k u b e a d m   g e t t i n g   s t a r t e d   g u i d e   t o   b o o t s t r a p   o n e .


Question: What is Install the Weave Net addon?

Answer: F o l l o w   t h e   I n t e g r a t i n g   K u b e r n e t e s   v i a   t h e   A d d o n   g u i d e .   T h e   W e a v e   N e t   a d d o n   f o r   K u b e r n e t e s   c o m e s   w i t h   a   N e t w o r k   P o l i c y   C o n t r o l l e r   t h a t   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   m o n i t o r s   K u b e r n e t e s   f o r   a n y   N e t w o r k P o l i c y   a n n o t a t i o n s   o n   a l l   n a m e s p a c e s   a n d   c o n f i g u r e s   i p t a b l e s   r u l e s   t o   a l l o w   o r   b l o c k   t r a f f i c   a s   d i r e c t e d   b y   t h e   p o l i c i e s .


Question: What is Test the installation?

Answer: V e r i f y   t h a t   t h e   w e a v e   w o r k s .   E n t e r   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   c o m m a n d :   k u b e c t l   g e t   p o d s   - n   k u b e - s y s t e m   - o   w i d e   T h e   o u t p u t   i s   s i m i l a r   t o   t h i s :   N A M E   R E A D Y   S T A T U S   R E S T A R T S   A G E   I P   N O D E   w e a v e - n e t - 1 t 1 q g   2 / 2   R u n n i n g   0   9 d   1 9 2 . 1 6 8 . 2 . 1 0   w o r k n o d e 3   w e a v e - n e t - 2 3 1 d 7   2 / 2   R u n n i n g   1   7 d   1 0 . 2 . 0 . 1 7   w o r k n o d e g p u   w e a v e - n e t - 7 n m w t   2 / 2   R u n n i n g   3   9 d   1 9 2 . 1 6 8 . 2 . 1 3 1   m a s t e r n o d e   w e a v e - n e t - p m w 8 w   2 / 2   R u n n i n g   0   9 d   1 9 2 . 1 6 8 . 2 . 2 1 6   w o r k n o d e 2   E a c h   N o d e   h a s   a   w e a v e   P o d ,   a n d   a l l   P o d s   a r e   R u n n i n g   a n d   2 / 2   R E A D Y .   ( 2 / 2   m e a n s   t h a t   e a c h   P o d   h a s   w e a v e   a n d   w e a v e - n p c . )


Question: What is What's next?

Answer: O n c e   y o u   h a v e   i n s t a l l e d   t h e   W e a v e   N e t   a d d o n ,   y o u   c a n   f o l l o w   t h e   D e c l a r e   N e t w o r k   P o l i c y   t o   t r y   o u t   K u b e r n e t e s   N e t w o r k P o l i c y .   I f   y o u   h a v e   a n y   q u e s t i o n ,   c o n t a c t   u s   a t   # w e a v e - c o m m u n i t y   o n   S l a c k   o r   W e a v e   U s e r   G r o u p .


Question: What is Documentation Style Guide?

Answer: Documentation Style GuideThis page gives writing style guidelines for the Kubernetes documentation. These are guidelines, not rules. Use your best judgment, and feel free to propose changes to this document in a pull request.For additional information on creating new content for the Kubernetes documentation, read the Documentation Content Guide.Changes to the style guide are made by SIG Docs as a group. To propose a change or addition, add it to the agenda for an upcoming SIG Docs meeting, and attend the meeting to participate in the discussion.Note:Kubernetes documentation uses Goldmark Markdown Renderer with some adjustments along with a few Hugo Shortcodes to support glossary entries, tabs, and representing feature state.LanguageKubernetes documentation has been translated into multiple languages (see Localization READMEs).The way of localizing the docs for a different language is described in Localizing Kubernetes Documentation.The English-language documentation uses U.S. English spelling and grammar.Documentation formatting standardsUse upper camel case for API objectsWhen you refer specifically to interacting with an API object, use UpperCamelCase, also known as Pascal case. You may see different capitalization, such as "configMap", in the API Reference. When writing general documentation, it's better to use upper camel case, calling it "ConfigMap" instead.When you are generally discussing an API object, use sentence-style capitalization.The following examples focus on capitalization. For more information about formatting API object names, review the related guidance on Code Style.Do and Don't - Use Pascal case for API objectsDoDon'tThe HorizontalPodAutoscaler resource is responsible for ...The Horizontal pod autoscaler is responsible for ...A PodList object is a list of pods.A Pod List object is a list of pods.The Volume object contains a hostPath field.The volume object contains a hostPath field.Every ConfigMap object is part of a namespace.Every configMap object is part of a namespace.For managing confidential data, consider using the Secret API.For managing confidential data, consider using the secret API.Use angle brackets for placeholdersUse angle brackets for placeholders. Tell the reader what a placeholder represents, for example:Display information about a pod:kubectl describe pod <pod-name> -n <namespace> If the namespace of the pod is default, you can omit the '-n' parameter.Use bold for user interface elementsDo and Don't - Bold interface elementsDoDon'tClick Fork.Click "Fork".Select Other.Select "Other".Use italics to define or introduce new termsDo and Don't - Use italics for new termsDoDon'tA cluster is a set of nodes ...A "cluster" is a set of nodes ...These components form the control plane.These components form the control plane.Use code style for filenames, directories, and pathsDo and Don't - Use code style for filenames, directories, and pathsDoDon'tOpen the envars.yaml file.Open the envars.yaml file.Go to the /docs/tut


Question: How does Documentation Style Guide work?

Answer: Documentation Style GuideThis page gives writing style guidelines for the Kubernetes documentation. These are guidelines, not rules. Use your best judgment, and feel free to propose changes to this document in a pull request.For additional information on creating new content for the Kubernetes documentation, read the Documentation Content Guide.Changes to the style guide are made by SIG Docs as a group. To propose a change or addition, add it to the agenda for an upcoming SIG Docs meeting, and attend the meeting to participate in the discussion.Note:Kubernetes documentation uses Goldmark Markdown Renderer with some adjustments along with a few Hugo Shortcodes to support glossary entries, tabs, and representing feature state.LanguageKubernetes documentation has been translated into multiple languages (see Localization READMEs).The way of localizing the docs for a different language is described in Localizing Kubernetes Documentation.The English-language documentation uses U.S. English spelling and grammar.Documentation formatting standardsUse upper camel case for API objectsWhen you refer specifically to interacting with an API object, use UpperCamelCase, also known as Pascal case. You may see different capitalization, such as "configMap", in the API Reference. When writing general documentation, it's better to use upper camel case, calling it "ConfigMap" instead.When you are generally discussing an API object, use sentence-style capitalization.The following examples focus on capitalization. For more information about formatting API object names, review the related guidance on Code Style.Do and Don't - Use Pascal case for API objectsDoDon'tThe HorizontalPodAutoscaler resource is responsible for ...The Horizontal pod autoscaler is responsible for ...A PodList object is a list of pods.A Pod List object is a list of pods.The Volume object contains a hostPath field.The volume object contains a hostPath field.Every ConfigMap object is part of a namespace.Every configMap object is part of a namespace.For managing confidential data, consider using the Secret API.For managing confidential data, consider using the secret API.Use angle brackets for placeholdersUse angle brackets for placeholders. Tell the reader what a placeholder represents, for example:Display information about a pod:kubectl describe pod <pod-name> -n <namespace> If the namespace of the pod is default, you can omit the '-n' parameter.Use bold for user interface elementsDo and Don't - Bold interface elementsDoDon'tClick Fork.Click "Fork".Select Other.Select "Other".Use italics to define or introduce new termsDo and Don't - Use italics for new termsDoDon'tA cluster is a set of nodes ...A "cluster" is a set of nodes ...These components form the control plane.These components form the control plane.Use code style for filenames, directories, and pathsDo and Don't - Use code style for filenames, directories, and pathsDoDon'tOpen the envars.yaml file.Open the envars.yaml file.Go to the /docs/tut


Question: When would you use Documentation Style Guide?

Answer: Documentation Style GuideThis page gives writing style guidelines for the Kubernetes documentation. These are guidelines, not rules. Use your best judgment, and feel free to propose changes to this document in a pull request.For additional information on creating new content for the Kubernetes documentation, read the Documentation Content Guide.Changes to the style guide are made by SIG Docs as a group. To propose a change or addition, add it to the agenda for an upcoming SIG Docs meeting, and attend the meeting to participate in the discussion.Note:Kubernetes documentation uses Goldmark Markdown Renderer with some adjustments along with a few Hugo Shortcodes to support glossary entries, tabs, and representing feature state.LanguageKubernetes documentation has been translated into multiple languages (see Localization READMEs).The way of localizing the docs for a different language is described in Localizing Kubernetes Documentation.The English-language documentation uses U.S. English spelling and grammar.Documentation formatting standardsUse upper camel case for API objectsWhen you refer specifically to interacting with an API object, use UpperCamelCase, also known as Pascal case. You may see different capitalization, such as "configMap", in the API Reference. When writing general documentation, it's better to use upper camel case, calling it "ConfigMap" instead.When you are generally discussing an API object, use sentence-style capitalization.The following examples focus on capitalization. For more information about formatting API object names, review the related guidance on Code Style.Do and Don't - Use Pascal case for API objectsDoDon'tThe HorizontalPodAutoscaler resource is responsible for ...The Horizontal pod autoscaler is responsible for ...A PodList object is a list of pods.A Pod List object is a list of pods.The Volume object contains a hostPath field.The volume object contains a hostPath field.Every ConfigMap object is part of a namespace.Every configMap object is part of a namespace.For managing confidential data, consider using the Secret API.For managing confidential data, consider using the secret API.Use angle brackets for placeholdersUse angle brackets for placeholders. Tell the reader what a placeholder represents, for example:Display information about a pod:kubectl describe pod <pod-name> -n <namespace> If the namespace of the pod is default, you can omit the '-n' parameter.Use bold for user interface elementsDo and Don't - Bold interface elementsDoDon'tClick Fork.Click "Fork".Select Other.Select "Other".Use italics to define or introduce new termsDo and Don't - Use italics for new termsDoDon'tA cluster is a set of nodes ...A "cluster" is a set of nodes ...These components form the control plane.These components form the control plane.Use code style for filenames, directories, and pathsDo and Don't - Use code style for filenames, directories, and pathsDoDon'tOpen the envars.yaml file.Open the envars.yaml file.Go to the /docs/tut


Question: What are the benefits of Documentation Style Guide?

Answer: Documentation Style GuideThis page gives writing style guidelines for the Kubernetes documentation. These are guidelines, not rules. Use your best judgment, and feel free to propose changes to this document in a pull request.For additional information on creating new content for the Kubernetes documentation, read the Documentation Content Guide.Changes to the style guide are made by SIG Docs as a group. To propose a change or addition, add it to the agenda for an upcoming SIG Docs meeting, and attend the meeting to participate in the discussion.Note:Kubernetes documentation uses Goldmark Markdown Renderer with some adjustments along with a few Hugo Shortcodes to support glossary entries, tabs, and representing feature state.LanguageKubernetes documentation has been translated into multiple languages (see Localization READMEs).The way of localizing the docs for a different language is described in Localizing Kubernetes Documentation.The English-language documentation uses U.S. English spelling and grammar.Documentation formatting standardsUse upper camel case for API objectsWhen you refer specifically to interacting with an API object, use UpperCamelCase, also known as Pascal case. You may see different capitalization, such as "configMap", in the API Reference. When writing general documentation, it's better to use upper camel case, calling it "ConfigMap" instead.When you are generally discussing an API object, use sentence-style capitalization.The following examples focus on capitalization. For more information about formatting API object names, review the related guidance on Code Style.Do and Don't - Use Pascal case for API objectsDoDon'tThe HorizontalPodAutoscaler resource is responsible for ...The Horizontal pod autoscaler is responsible for ...A PodList object is a list of pods.A Pod List object is a list of pods.The Volume object contains a hostPath field.The volume object contains a hostPath field.Every ConfigMap object is part of a namespace.Every configMap object is part of a namespace.For managing confidential data, consider using the Secret API.For managing confidential data, consider using the secret API.Use angle brackets for placeholdersUse angle brackets for placeholders. Tell the reader what a placeholder represents, for example:Display information about a pod:kubectl describe pod <pod-name> -n <namespace> If the namespace of the pod is default, you can omit the '-n' parameter.Use bold for user interface elementsDo and Don't - Bold interface elementsDoDon'tClick Fork.Click "Fork".Select Other.Select "Other".Use italics to define or introduce new termsDo and Don't - Use italics for new termsDoDon'tA cluster is a set of nodes ...A "cluster" is a set of nodes ...These components form the control plane.These components form the control plane.Use code style for filenames, directories, and pathsDo and Don't - Use code style for filenames, directories, and pathsDoDon'tOpen the envars.yaml file.Open the envars.yaml file.Go to the /docs/tut


Question: What is Documentation Style Guide?

Answer: T h i s   p a g e   g i v e s   w r i t i n g   s t y l e   g u i d e l i n e s   f o r   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   d o c u m e n t a t i o n .   T h e s e   a r e   g u i d e l i n e s ,   n o t   r u l e s .   U s e   y o u r   b e s t   j u d g m e n t ,   a n d   f e e l   f r e e   t o   p r o p o s e   c h a n g e s   t o   t h i s   d o c u m e n t   i n   a   p u l l   r e q u e s t .   F o r   a d d i t i o n a l   i n f o r m a t i o n   o n   c r e a t i n g   n e w   c o n t e n t   f o r   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   d o c u m e n t a t i o n ,   r e a d   t h e   D o c u m e n t a t i o n   C o n t e n t   G u i d e .   C h a n g e s   t o   t h e   s t y l e   g u i d e   a r e   m a d e   b y   S I G   D o c s   a s   a   g r o u p .   T o   p r o p o s e   a   c h a n g e   o r   a d d i t i o n ,   a d d   i t   t o   t h e   a g e n d a   f o r   a n   u p c o m i n g   S I G   D o c s   m e e t i n g ,   a n d   a t t e n d   t h e   m e e t i n g   t o   p a r t i c i p a t e   i n   t h e   d i s c u s s i o n .


Question: What is Language?

Answer: K u b e r n e t e s   d o c u m e n t a t i o n   h a s   b e e n   t r a n s l a t e d   i n t o   m u l t i p l e   l a n g u a g e s   ( s e e   L o c a l i z a t i o n   R E A D M E s ) .   T h e   w a y   o f   l o c a l i z i n g   t h e   d o c s   f o r   a   d i f f e r e n t   l a n g u a g e   i s   d e s c r i b e d   i n   L o c a l i z i n g   K u b e r n e t e s   D o c u m e n t a t i o n .   T h e   E n g l i s h - l a n g u a g e   d o c u m e n t a t i o n   u s e s   U . S .   E n g l i s h   s p e l l i n g   a n d   g r a m m a r .


Question: What is Use upper camel case for API objects?

Answer: W h e n   y o u   r e f e r   s p e c i f i c a l l y   t o   i n t e r a c t i n g   w i t h   a n   A P I   o b j e c t ,   u s e   U p p e r C a m e l C a s e ,   a l s o   k n o w n   a s   P a s c a l   c a s e .   Y o u   m a y   s e e   d i f f e r e n t   c a p i t a l i z a t i o n ,   s u c h   a s   " c o n f i g M a p " ,   i n   t h e   A P I   R e f e r e n c e .   W h e n   w r i t i n g   g e n e r a l   d o c u m e n t a t i o n ,   i t ' s   b e t t e r   t o   u s e   u p p e r   c a m e l   c a s e ,   c a l l i n g   i t   " C o n f i g M a p "   i n s t e a d .   W h e n   y o u   a r e   g e n e r a l l y   d i s c u s s i n g   a n   A P I   o b j e c t ,   u s e   s e n t e n c e - s t y l e   c a p i t a l i z a t i o n .   T h e   f o l l o w i n g   e x a m p l e s   f o c u s   o n   c a p i t a l i z a t i o n .   F o r   m o r e   i n f o r m a t i o n   a b o u t   f o r m a t t i n g   A P I   o b j e c t   n a m e s ,   r e v i e w   t h e   r e l a t e d   g u i d a n c e   o n   C o d e   S t y l e .


Question: What is Use angle brackets for placeholders?

Answer: U s e   a n g l e   b r a c k e t s   f o r   p l a c e h o l d e r s .   T e l l   t h e   r e a d e r   w h a t   a   p l a c e h o l d e r   r e p r e s e n t s ,   f o r   e x a m p l e :   D i s p l a y   i n f o r m a t i o n   a b o u t   a   p o d :   k u b e c t l   d e s c r i b e   p o d   < p o d - n a m e >   - n   < n a m e s p a c e >   I f   t h e   n a m e s p a c e   o f   t h e   p o d   i s   d e f a u l t ,   y o u   c a n   o m i t   t h e   ' - n '   p a r a m e t e r .


Question: What is Use code style for inline code, commands?

Answer: F o r   i n l i n e   c o d e   i n   a n   H T M L   d o c u m e n t ,   u s e   t h e   < c o d e >   t a g .   I n   a   M a r k d o w n   d o c u m e n t ,   u s e   t h e   b a c k t i c k   ( ` ) .   H o w e v e r ,   A P I   k i n d s   s u c h   a s   S t a t e f u l S e t   o r   C o n f i g M a p   a r e   w r i t t e n   v e r b a t i m   ( n o   b a c k t i c k s ) ;   t h i s   a l l o w s   u s i n g   p o s s e s s i v e   a p o s t r o p h e s .


Question: What is Use normal style for string and integer field values?

Answer: F o r   f i e l d   v a l u e s   o f   t y p e   s t r i n g   o r   i n t e g e r ,   u s e   n o r m a l   s t y l e   w i t h o u t   q u o t a t i o n   m a r k s .   H o w e v e r ,   c o n s i d e r   q u o t i n g   v a l u e s   w h e r e   t h e r e   i s   a   r i s k   t h a t   r e a d e r s   m i g h t   c o n f u s e   t h e   v a l u e   w i t h   a n   A P I   k i n d .


Question: What is Referring to Kubernetes API resources?

Answer: T h i s   s e c t i o n   t a l k s   a b o u t   h o w   w e   r e f e r e n c e   A P I   r e s o u r c e s   i n   t h e   d o c u m e n t a t i o n .


Question: What is Clarification about "resource"?

Answer: K u b e r n e t e s   u s e s   t h e   w o r d   r e s o u r c e   t o   r e f e r   t o   A P I   r e s o u r c e s .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   t h e   U R L   p a t h   / a p i s / a p p s / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / d e f a u l t / d e p l o y m e n t s / m y - a p p   r e p r e s e n t s   a   D e p l o y m e n t   n a m e d   " m y - a p p "   i n   t h e   " d e f a u l t "   n a m e s p a c e .   I n   H T T P   j a r g o n ,   n a m e s p a c e   i s   a   r e s o u r c e   -   t h e   s a m e   w a y   t h a t   a l l   w e b   U R L s   i d e n t i f y   a   r e s o u r c e .   K u b e r n e t e s   d o c u m e n t a t i o n   a l s o   u s e s   " r e s o u r c e "   t o   t a l k   a b o u t   C P U   a n d   m e m o r y   r e q u e s t s   a n d   l i m i t s .   I t ' s   v e r y   o f t e n   a   g o o d   i d e a   t o   r e f e r   t o   A P I   r e s o u r c e s   a s   " A P I   r e s o u r c e s " ;   t h a t   h e l p s   t o   a v o i d   c o n f u s i o n   w i t h   C P U   a n d   m e m o r y   r e s o u r c e s ,   o r   w i t h   o t h e r   k i n d s   o f   r e s o u r c e .   I f   y o u   a r e   u s i n g   t h e   l o w e r c a s e   p l u r a l   f o r m   o f   a   r e s o u r c e   n a m e ,   s u c h   a s   d e p l o y m e n t s   o r   c o n f i g m a p s ,   p r o v i d e   e x t r a   w r i t t e n   c o n t e x t   t o   h e l p   r e a d e r s   u n d e r s t a n d   w h a t   y o u   m e a n .   I f   y o u   a r e   u s i n g   t h e   t e r m   i n   a   c o n t e x t   w h e r e   t h e   U p p e r C a m e l C a s e   n a m e   c o u l d   w o r k   t o o ,   a n d   t h e r e   i s   a   r i s k   o f   a m b i g u i t y ,   c o n s i d e r   u s i n g   t h e   A P I   k i n d   i n   U p p e r C a m e l C a s e .


Question: What is When to use Kubernetes API terminologies?

Answer: T h e   d i f f e r e n t   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I   t e r m i n o l o g i e s   a r e :   A P I   k i n d s :   t h e   n a m e   u s e d   i n   t h e   A P I   U R L   ( s u c h   a s   p o d s ,   n a m e s p a c e s ) .   A P I   k i n d s   a r e   s o m e t i m e s   a l s o   c a l l e d   r e s o u r c e   t y p e s . A P I   r e s o u r c e :   a   s i n g l e   i n s t a n c e   o f   a n   A P I   k i n d   ( s u c h   a s   p o d ,   s e c r e t ) . O b j e c t :   a   r e s o u r c e   t h a t   s e r v e s   a s   a   " r e c o r d   o f   i n t e n t " .   A n   o b j e c t   i s   a   d e s i r e d   s t a t e   f o r   a   s p e c i f i c   p a r t   o f   y o u r   c l u s t e r ,   w h i c h   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   c o n t r o l   p l a n e   t r i e s   t o   m a i n t a i n .   A l l   o b j e c t s   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I   a r e   a l s o   r e s o u r c e s .   F o r   c l a r i t y ,   y o u   c a n   a d d   " r e s o u r c e "   o r   " o b j e c t "   w h e n   r e f e r r i n g   t o   a n   A P I   r e s o u r c e   i n   K u b e r n e t e s   d o c u m e n t a t i o n .   A n   e x a m p l e :   w r i t e   " a   S e c r e t   o b j e c t "   i n s t e a d   o f   " a   S e c r e t " .   I f   i t   i s   c l e a r   j u s t   f r o m   t h e   c a p i t a l i z a t i o n ,   y o u   d o n ' t   n e e d   t o   a d d   t h e   e x t r a   w o r d .   C o n s i d e r   r e p h r a s i n g   w h e n   t h a t   c h a n g e   h e l p s   a v o i d   m i s u n d e r s t a n d i n g s .   A   c o m m o n   s i t u a t i o n   i s   w h e n   y o u   w a n t   t o   s t a r t   a   s e n t e n c e   w i t h   a n   A P I   k i n d ,   s u c h   a s   “ S e c r e t ” ;   b e c a u s e   E n g l i s h   a n d   o t h e r   l a n g u a g e s   c a p i t a l i z e   a t   t h e   s t a r t   o f   s e n t e n c e s ,   r e a d e r s   c a n n o t   t e l l   w h e t h e r   y o u   m e a n   t h e   A P I   k i


Question: What is API resource names?

Answer: A l w a y s   f o r m a t   A P I   r e s o u r c e   n a m e s   u s i n g   U p p e r C a m e l C a s e ,   a l s o   k n o w n   a s   P a s c a l C a s e .   D o   n o t   w r i t e   A P I   k i n d s   w i t h   c o d e   f o r m a t t i n g .   D o n ' t   s p l i t   a n   A P I   o b j e c t   n a m e   i n t o   s e p a r a t e   w o r d s .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   u s e   P o d T e m p l a t e L i s t ,   n o t   P o d   T e m p l a t e   L i s t .   F o r   m o r e   i n f o r m a t i o n   a b o u t   P a s c a l C a s e   a n d   c o d e   f o r m a t t i n g ,   r e v i e w   t h e   r e l a t e d   g u i d a n c e   o n   U s e   u p p e r   c a m e l   c a s e   f o r   A P I   o b j e c t s   a n d   U s e   c o d e   s t y l e   f o r   i n l i n e   c o d e ,   c o m m a n d s ,   a n d   A P I   o b j e c t s .   F o r   m o r e   i n f o r m a t i o n   a b o u t   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I   t e r m i n o l o g i e s ,   r e v i e w   t h e   r e l a t e d   g u i d a n c e   o n   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I   t e r m i n o l o g y .


Question: What is Separate commands from output?

Answer: V e r i f y   t h a t   t h e   p o d   i s   r u n n i n g   o n   y o u r   c h o s e n   n o d e :   k u b e c t l   g e t   p o d s   - - o u t p u t = w i d e   T h e   o u t p u t   i s   s i m i l a r   t o   t h i s :   N A M E   R E A D Y   S T A T U S   R E S T A R T S   A G E   I P   N O D E   n g i n x   1 / 1   R u n n i n g   0   1 3 s   1 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 . 4   w o r k e r 0


Question: What is Versioning Kubernetes examples?

Answer: C o d e   e x a m p l e s   a n d   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   e x a m p l e s   t h a t   i n c l u d e   v e r s i o n   i n f o r m a t i o n   s h o u l d   b e   c o n s i s t e n t   w i t h   t h e   a c c o m p a n y i n g   t e x t .   I f   t h e   i n f o r m a t i o n   i s   v e r s i o n   s p e c i f i c ,   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   v e r s i o n   n e e d s   t o   b e   d e f i n e d   i n   t h e   p r e r e q u i s i t e s   s e c t i o n   o f   t h e   T a s k   t e m p l a t e   o r   t h e   T u t o r i a l   t e m p l a t e .   O n c e   t h e   p a g e   i s   s a v e d ,   t h e   p r e r e q u i s i t e s   s e c t i o n   i s   s h o w n   a s   B e f o r e   y o u   b e g i n .   T o   s p e c i f y   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   v e r s i o n   f o r   a   t a s k   o r   t u t o r i a l   p a g e ,   i n c l u d e   m i n - k u b e r n e t e s - s e r v e r - v e r s i o n   i n   t h e   f r o n t   m a t t e r   o f   t h e   p a g e .   I f   t h e   e x a m p l e   Y A M L   i s   i n   a   s t a n d a l o n e   f i l e ,   f i n d   a n d   r e v i e w   t h e   t o p i c s   t h a t   i n c l u d e   i t   a s   a   r e f e r e n c e .   V e r i f y   t h a t   a n y   t o p i c s   u s i n g   t h e   s t a n d a l o n e   Y A M L   h a v e   t h e   a p p r o p r i a t e   v e r s i o n   i n f o r m a t i o n   d e f i n e d .   I f   a   s t a n d - a l o n e   Y A M L   f i l e   i s   n o t   r e f e r e n c e d   f r o m   a n y   t o p i c s ,   c o n s i d e r   d e l e t i n g   i t   i n s t e a d   o f   u p d a t i n g   i t .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   i f   y o u   a r e   w r i t i n g   a   t u t o r i a l   t h a t   i s   r e l e v a n t   t o   K u b e r n e t e s   v e r s i o n   1 . 8 ,   t h e   f r o n t - m a t t e r   o f   y o u r   m a r k d o w n   f i l e   s h o u l d   l o o k   s o m e t h i n g   l i k e :   - - -   t i t l e :   < y o u r   t u t o r i a l   t i t l e   h e r e >   m i


Question: What is Formulae and equations?

Answer: Y o u   c a n   u s e   t h e   D o c s y   s u p p o r t   f o r   d i a g r a m s   a n d   f o r m u l a e .   F o r   e x a m p l e :   \ \ ( \ f r a c { 7 } { 9 }   \ s q r t { K ^ 8   s } \ \ ) ,   w h i c h   r e n d e r s   a s   \ ( \ f r a c { 7 } { 9 }   \ s q r t { K ^ 8   s } \ ) .   P r e f e r   i n l i n e   f o r m u l a e   w h e r e   r e a s o n a b l e ,   b u t   y o u   c a n   u s e   a   m a t h   b l o c k   i f   t h a t ' s   l i k e l y   t o   h e l p   r e a d e r s .   R e a d   t h e   D o c s y   g u i d e   t o   f i n d   o u t   w h a t   y o u   n e e d   t o   c h a n g e   i n   y o u r   p a g e   t o   a c t i v a t e   s u p p o r t ;   i f   y o u   h a v e   p r o b l e m s ,   a d d   m a t h :   t r u e   t o   t h e   p a g e   f r o n t   m a t t e r   ( y o u   c a n   d o   t h i s   e v e n   i f   y o u   t h i n k   t h e   a u t o m a t i c   a c t i v a t i o n   s h o u l d   b e   e n o u g h ) .


Question: What is Kubernetes.io word list?

Answer: A   l i s t   o f   K u b e r n e t e s - s p e c i f i c   t e r m s   a n d   w o r d s   t o   b e   u s e d   c o n s i s t e n t l y   a c r o s s   t h e   s i t e .


Question: What is Shortcodes?

Answer: H u g o   S h o r t c o d e s   h e l p   c r e a t e   d i f f e r e n t   r h e t o r i c a l   a p p e a l   l e v e l s .   O u r   d o c u m e n t a t i o n   s u p p o r t s   t h r e e   d i f f e r e n t   s h o r t c o d e s   i n   t h i s   c a t e g o r y :   N o t e   { { <   n o t e   > } } ,   C a u t i o n   { { <   c a u t i o n   > } } ,   a n d   W a r n i n g   { { <   w a r n i n g   > } } .   S u r r o u n d   t h e   t e x t   w i t h   a n   o p e n i n g   a n d   c l o s i n g   s h o r t c o d e . U s e   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   s y n t a x   t o   a p p l y   a   s t y l e : { { <   n o t e   > } }   N o   n e e d   t o   i n c l u d e   a   p r e f i x ;   t h e   s h o r t c o d e   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   p r o v i d e s   o n e .   ( N o t e : ,   C a u t i o n : ,   e t c . )   { { <   / n o t e   > } }   T h e   o u t p u t   i s : N o t e : T h e   p r e f i x   y o u   c h o o s e   i s   t h e   s a m e   t e x t   f o r   t h e   t a g .   S u r r o u n d   t h e   t e x t   w i t h   a n   o p e n i n g   a n d   c l o s i n g   s h o r t c o d e .   U s e   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   s y n t a x   t o   a p p l y   a   s t y l e :   { { <   n o t e   > } }   N o   n e e d   t o   i n c l u d e   a   p r e f i x ;   t h e   s h o r t c o d e   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   p r o v i d e s   o n e .   ( N o t e : ,   C a u t i o n : ,   e t c . )   { { <   / n o t e   > } }   T h e   o u t p u t   i s :


Question: What is Note?

Answer: U s e   { { <   n o t e   > } }   t o   h i g h l i g h t   a   t i p   o r   a   p i e c e   o f   i n f o r m a t i o n   t h a t   m a y   b e   h e l p f u l   t o   k n o w .   F o r   e x a m p l e :   { { <   n o t e   > } }   Y o u   c a n   _ s t i l l _   u s e   M a r k d o w n   i n s i d e   t h e s e   c a l l o u t s .   { { <   / n o t e   > } }   T h e   o u t p u t   i s :


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: Y o u   c a n   u s e   a   { { <   n o t e   > } }   i n   a   l i s t :   1 .   U s e   t h e   n o t e   s h o r t c o d e   i n   a   l i s t   1 .   A   s e c o n d   i t e m   w i t h   a n   e m b e d d e d   n o t e   { { <   n o t e   > } }   W a r n i n g ,   C a u t i o n ,   a n d   N o t e   s h o r t c o d e s ,   e m b e d d e d   i n   l i s t s ,   n e e d   t o   b e   i n d e n t e d   f o u r   s p a c e s .   S e e   [ C o m m o n   S h o r t c o d e   I s s u e s ] ( # c o m m o n - s h o r t c o d e - i s s u e s ) .   { { <   / n o t e   > } }   1 .   A   t h i r d   i t e m   i n   a   l i s t   1 .   A   f o u r t h   i t e m   i n   a   l i s t   T h e   o u t p u t   i s :   U s e   t h e   n o t e   s h o r t c o d e   i n   a   l i s t A   s e c o n d   i t e m   w i t h   a n   e m b e d d e d   n o t e N o t e : W a r n i n g ,   C a u t i o n ,   a n d   N o t e   s h o r t c o d e s ,   e m b e d d e d   i n   l i s t s ,   n e e d   t o   b e   i n d e n t e d   f o u r   s p a c e s .   S e e   [ C o m m o n   S h o r t c o d e   I s s u e s ] ( # c o m m o n - s h o r t c o d e - i s s u e s ) .   A   t h i r d   i t e m   i n   a   l i s t A   f o u r t h   i t e m   i n   a   l i s t   U s e   t h e   n o t e   s h o r t c o d e   i n   a   l i s t   A   s e c o n d   i t e m   w i t h   a n   e m b e d d e d   n o t e


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: W a r n i n g ,   C a u t i o n ,   a n d   N o t e   s h o r t c o d e s ,   e m b e d d e d   i n   l i s t s ,   n e e d   t o   b e   i n d e n t e d   f o u r   s p a c e s .   S e e   [ C o m m o n   S h o r t c o d e   I s s u e s ] ( # c o m m o n - s h o r t c o d e - i s s u e s ) .   A   t h i r d   i t e m   i n   a   l i s t   A   f o u r t h   i t e m   i n   a   l i s t


Question: What is Caution?

Answer: U s e   { { <   c a u t i o n   > } }   t o   c a l l   a t t e n t i o n   t o   a n   i m p o r t a n t   p i e c e   o f   i n f o r m a t i o n   t o   a v o i d   p i t f a l l s .   F o r   e x a m p l e :   { { <   c a u t i o n   > } }   T h e   c a l l o u t   s t y l e   o n l y   a p p l i e s   t o   t h e   l i n e   d i r e c t l y   a b o v e   t h e   t a g .   { { <   / c a u t i o n   > } }   T h e   o u t p u t   i s :


Question: What is Warning?

Answer: U s e   { { <   w a r n i n g   > } }   t o   i n d i c a t e   d a n g e r   o r   a   p i e c e   o f   i n f o r m a t i o n   t h a t   i s   c r u c i a l   t o   f o l l o w .   F o r   e x a m p l e :   { { <   w a r n i n g   > } }   B e w a r e .   { { <   / w a r n i n g   > } }   T h e   o u t p u t   i s :


Question: What is Ordered Lists?

Answer: S h o r t c o d e s   w i l l   i n t e r r u p t   n u m b e r e d   l i s t s   u n l e s s   y o u   i n d e n t   f o u r   s p a c e s   b e f o r e   t h e   n o t i c e   a n d   t h e   t a g .   F o r   e x a m p l e :   1 .   P r e h e a t   o v e n   t o   3 5 0 ˚ F   1 .   P r e p a r e   t h e   b a t t e r ,   a n d   p o u r   i n t o   s p r i n g f o r m   p a n .   { { <   n o t e   > } } G r e a s e   t h e   p a n   f o r   b e s t   r e s u l t s . { { <   / n o t e   > } }   1 .   B a k e   f o r   2 0 - 2 5   m i n u t e s   o r   u n t i l   s e t .   T h e   o u t p u t   i s :   P r e h e a t   o v e n   t o   3 5 0 ˚ F P r e p a r e   t h e   b a t t e r ,   a n d   p o u r   i n t o   s p r i n g f o r m   p a n . N o t e : G r e a s e   t h e   p a n   f o r   b e s t   r e s u l t s . B a k e   f o r   2 0 - 2 5   m i n u t e s   o r   u n t i l   s e t .   P r e h e a t   o v e n   t o   3 5 0 ˚ F   P r e p a r e   t h e   b a t t e r ,   a n d   p o u r   i n t o   s p r i n g f o r m   p a n .


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: B a k e   f o r   2 0 - 2 5   m i n u t e s   o r   u n t i l   s e t .


Question: What is Include Statements?

Answer: S h o r t c o d e s   i n s i d e   i n c l u d e   s t a t e m e n t s   w i l l   b r e a k   t h e   b u i l d .   Y o u   m u s t   i n s e r t   t h e m   i n   t h e   p a r e n t   d o c u m e n t ,   b e f o r e   a n d   a f t e r   y o u   c a l l   t h e   i n c l u d e .   F o r   e x a m p l e :   { { <   n o t e   > } }   { { <   i n c l u d e   " t a s k - t u t o r i a l - p r e r e q s . m d "   > } }   { { <   / n o t e   > } }


Question: What is Line breaks?

Answer: U s e   a   s i n g l e   n e w l i n e   t o   s e p a r a t e   b l o c k - l e v e l   c o n t e n t   l i k e   h e a d i n g s ,   l i s t s ,   i m a g e s ,   c o d e   b l o c k s ,   a n d   o t h e r s .   T h e   e x c e p t i o n   i s   s e c o n d - l e v e l   h e a d i n g s ,   w h e r e   i t   s h o u l d   b e   t w o   n e w l i n e s .   S e c o n d - l e v e l   h e a d i n g s   f o l l o w   t h e   f i r s t - l e v e l   ( o r   t h e   t i t l e )   w i t h o u t   a n y   p r e c e d i n g   p a r a g r a p h s   o r   t e x t s .   A   t w o   l i n e   s p a c i n g   h e l p s   v i s u a l i z e   t h e   o v e r a l l   s t r u c t u r e   o f   c o n t e n t   i n   a   c o d e   e d i t o r   b e t t e r .   M a n u a l l y   w r a p   p a r a g r a p h s   i n   t h e   M a r k d o w n   s o u r c e   w h e n   a p p r o p r i a t e .   S i n c e   t h e   g i t   t o o l   a n d   t h e   G i t H u b   w e b s i t e   g e n e r a t e   f i l e   d i f f s   o n   a   l i n e - b y - l i n e   b a s i s ,   m a n u a l l y   w r a p p i n g   l o n g   l i n e s   h e l p s   t h e   r e v i e w e r s   t o   e a s i l y   f i n d   o u t   t h e   c h a n g e s   m a d e   i n   a   P R   a n d   p r o v i d e


Question: What is Headings and titles?

Answer: P e o p l e   a c c e s s i n g   t h i s   d o c u m e n t a t i o n   m a y   u s e   a   s c r e e n   r e a d e r   o r   o t h e r   a s s i s t i v e   t e c h n o l o g y   ( A T ) .   S c r e e n   r e a d e r s   a r e   l i n e a r   o u t p u t   d e v i c e s ,   t h e y   o u t p u t   i t e m s   o n   a   p a g e   o n e   a t   a   t i m e .   I f   t h e r e   i s   a   l o t   o f   c o n t e n t   o n   a   p a g e ,   y o u   c a n   u s e   h e a d i n g s   t o   g i v e   t h e   p a g e   a n   i n t e r n a l   s t r u c t u r e .   A   g o o d   p a g e   s t r u c t u r e   h e l p s   a l l   r e a d e r s   t o   e a s i l y   n a v i g a t e   t h e   p a g e   o r   f i l t e r   t o p i c s   o f   i n t e r e s t .


Question: What is Lists?

Answer: G r o u p   i t e m s   i n   a   l i s t   t h a t   a r e   r e l a t e d   t o   e a c h   o t h e r   a n d   n e e d   t o   a p p e a r   i n   a   s p e c i f i c   o r d e r   o r   t o   i n d i c a t e   a   c o r r e l a t i o n   b e t w e e n   m u l t i p l e   i t e m s .   W h e n   a   s c r e e n   r e a d e r   c o m e s   a c r o s s   a   l i s t — w h e t h e r   i t   i s   a n   o r d e r e d   o r   u n o r d e r e d   l i s t — i t   w i l l   b e   a n n o u n c e d   t o   t h e   u s e r   t h a t   t h e r e   i s   a   g r o u p   o f   l i s t   i t e m s .   T h e   u s e r   c a n   t h e n   u s e   t h e   a r r o w   k e y s   t o   m o v e   u p   a n d   d o w n   b e t w e e n   t h e   v a r i o u s   i t e m s   i n   t h e   l i s t .   W e b s i t e   n a v i g a t i o n   l i n k s   c a n   a l s o   b e   m a r k e d   u p   a s   l i s t   i t e m s ;   a f t e r   a l l   t h e y   a r e   n o t h i n g   b u t   a   g r o u p   o f   r e l a t e d   l i n k s .   E n d   e a c h   i t e m   i n   a   l i s t   w i t h   a   p e r i o d   i f   o n e   o r   m o r e   i t e m s   i n   t h e   l i s t   a r e   c o m p l e t e   s e n t e n c e s .   F o r   t h e   s a k e   o f   c o n s i s t e n c y ,   n o r m a l l y   e i t h e r   a l l   i t e m s   o r   n o n e   s h o u l d   b e   c o m p l e t e   s e n t e n c e s . N o t e : O r d e r e d   l i s t s   t h a t   a r e   p a r t   o f   a n   i n c o m p l e t e   i n t r o d u c t o r y   s e n t e n c e   c a n   b e   i n   l o w e r c a s e   a n d   p u n c t u a t e d   a s   i f   e a c h   i t e m   w a s   a   p a r t   o f   t h e   i n t r o d u c t o r y   s e n t e n c e . U s e   t h e   n u m b e r   o n e   ( 1 . )   f o r   o r d e r e d   l i s t s . U s e   ( + ) ,   ( * ) ,   o r   ( - )   f o r   u n o r d e r e d   l i s t s . L e a v e   a   b l a n k   l i n e   a f t e r   e a c h   l i s t . I n d e n t   n e s t e d   l i s t