Question: What are the benefits of Deployment?

Answer: DeploymentDeployment enables declarative updates for Pods and ReplicaSets.apiVersion: apps/v1import "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"DeploymentDeployment enables declarative updates for Pods and ReplicaSets.apiVersion: apps/v1kind: Deploymentmetadata (ObjectMeta)Standard object's metadata. More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#metadataspec (DeploymentSpec)Specification of the desired behavior of the Deployment.status (DeploymentStatus)Most recently observed status of the Deployment.DeploymentSpecDeploymentSpec is the specification of the desired behavior of the Deployment.selector (LabelSelector), requiredLabel selector for pods. Existing ReplicaSets whose pods are selected by this will be the ones affected by this deployment. It must match the pod template's labels.template (PodTemplateSpec), requiredTemplate describes the pods that will be created. The only allowed template.spec.restartPolicy value is "Always".replicas (int32)Number of desired pods. This is a pointer to distinguish between explicit zero and not specified. Defaults to 1.minReadySeconds (int32)Minimum number of seconds for which a newly created pod should be ready without any of its container crashing, for it to be considered available. Defaults to 0 (pod will be considered available as soon as it is ready)strategy (DeploymentStrategy)Patch strategy: retainKeysThe deployment strategy to use to replace existing pods with new ones.DeploymentStrategy describes how to replace existing pods with new ones.strategy.type (string)Type of deployment. Can be "Recreate" or "RollingUpdate". Default is RollingUpdate.strategy.rollingUpdate (RollingUpdateDeployment)Rolling update config params. Present only if DeploymentStrategyType = RollingUpdate.Spec to control the desired behavior of rolling update.strategy.rollingUpdate.maxSurge (IntOrString)The maximum number of pods that can be scheduled above the desired number of pods. Value can be an absolute number (ex: 5) or a percentage of desired pods (ex: 10%). This can not be 0 if MaxUnavailable is 0. Absolute number is calculated from percentage by rounding up. Defaults to 25%. Example: when this is set to 30%, the new ReplicaSet can be scaled up immediately when the rolling update starts, such that the total number of old and new pods do not exceed 130% of desired pods. Once old pods have been killed, new ReplicaSet can be scaled up further, ensuring that total number of pods running at any time during the update is at most 130% of desired pods.IntOrString is a type that can hold an int32 or a string. When used in JSON or YAML marshalling and unmarshalling, it produces or consumes the inner type. This allows you to have, for example, a JSON field that can accept a name or number.strategy.rollingUpdate.maxUnavailable (IntOrString)The maximum number of pods that can be unavailable during the update. Value can be an absolute number (ex: 5) or a percentage of desired pods (ex: 10%). Absolute number is cal


Question: What is Deployment?

Answer: a p i V e r s i o n :   a p p s / v 1   i m p o r t   " k 8 s . i o / a p i / a p p s / v 1 "


Question: What is Deployment?

Answer: D e p l o y m e n t   e n a b l e s   d e c l a r a t i v e   u p d a t e s   f o r   P o d s   a n d   R e p l i c a S e t s .   a p i V e r s i o n :   a p p s / v 1 k i n d :   D e p l o y m e n t m e t a d a t a   ( O b j e c t M e t a ) S t a n d a r d   o b j e c t ' s   m e t a d a t a .   M o r e   i n f o :   h t t p s : / / g i t . k 8 s . i o / c o m m u n i t y / c o n t r i b u t o r s / d e v e l / s i g - a r c h i t e c t u r e / a p i - c o n v e n t i o n s . m d # m e t a d a t a s p e c   ( D e p l o y m e n t S p e c ) S p e c i f i c a t i o n   o f   t h e   d e s i r e d   b e h a v i o r   o f   t h e   D e p l o y m e n t . s t a t u s   ( D e p l o y m e n t S t a t u s ) M o s t   r e c e n t l y   o b s e r v e d   s t a t u s   o f   t h e   D e p l o y m e n t .   a p i V e r s i o n :   a p p s / v 1   k i n d :   D e p l o y m e n t   m e t a d a t a   ( O b j e c t M e t a )   S t a n d a r d   o b j e c t ' s   m e t a d a t a .   M o r e   i n f o :   h t t p s : / / g i t . k 8 s . i o / c o m m u n i t y / c o n t r i b u t o r s / d e v e l / s i g - a r c h i t e c t u r e / a p i - c o n v e n t i o n s . m d # m e t a d a t a   s p e c   ( D e p l o y m e n t S p e c )   S p e c i f i c a t i o n   o f   t h e   d e s i r e d   b e h a v i o r   o f   t h e   D e p l o y m e n t .   s t a t u s   ( D e p l o y m e n t S t a t u s )   M o s t   r e c e n t l y   o b s e r v e d   s t a t u s   o f   t h e   D e p l o y m e n t .


Question: What is DeploymentSpec?

Answer: D e p l o y m e n t S p e c   i s   t h e   s p e c i f i c a t i o n   o f   t h e   d e s i r e d   b e h a v i o r   o f   t h e   D e p l o y m e n t .   s e l e c t o r   ( L a b e l S e l e c t o r ) ,   r e q u i r e d L a b e l   s e l e c t o r   f o r   p o d s .   E x i s t i n g   R e p l i c a S e t s   w h o s e   p o d s   a r e   s e l e c t e d   b y   t h i s   w i l l   b e   t h e   o n e s   a f f e c t e d   b y   t h i s   d e p l o y m e n t .   I t   m u s t   m a t c h   t h e   p o d   t e m p l a t e ' s   l a b e l s . t e m p l a t e   ( P o d T e m p l a t e S p e c ) ,   r e q u i r e d T e m p l a t e   d e s c r i b e s   t h e   p o d s   t h a t   w i l l   b e   c r e a t e d .   T h e   o n l y   a l l o w e d   t e m p l a t e . s p e c . r e s t a r t P o l i c y   v a l u e   i s   " A l w a y s " . r e p l i c a s   ( i n t 3 2 ) N u m b e r   o f   d e s i r e d   p o d s .   T h i s   i s   a   p o i n t e r   t o   d i s t i n g u i s h   b e t w e e n   e x p l i c i t   z e r o   a n d   n o t   s p e c i f i e d .   D e f a u l t s   t o   1 . m i n R e a d y S e c o n d s   ( i n t 3 2 ) M i n i m u m   n u m b e r   o f   s e c o n d s   f o r   w h i c h   a   n e w l y   c r e a t e d   p o d   s h o u l d   b e   r e a d y   w i t h o u t   a n y   o f   i t s   c o n t a i n e r   c r a s h i n g ,   f o r   i t   t o   b e   c o n s i d e r e d   a v a i l a b l e .   D e f a u l t s   t o   0   ( p o d   w i l l   b e   c o n s i d e r e d   a v a i l a b l e   a s   s o o n   a s   i t   i s   r e a d y ) s t r a t e g y   ( D e p l o y m e n t S t r a t e g y ) P a t c h   s t r a t e g y :   r e t a i n K e y s T h e   d e p l o y m e n t   s t r a t e g y   t o   u s e   t o   r e p l a c e   e x i s t i n g   p o d s   w i t h   n e w   o n e s . D e p l o y m e n t S t r a t e g y   d e s c r i b e s   h o w   t o   r e p l a c e   e x i s t i n g   p o d s   w i t h   n e w   o n e s . s t r a t e g y .


Question: What is DeploymentStatus?

Answer: D e p l o y m e n t S t a t u s   i s   t h e   m o s t   r e c e n t l y   o b s e r v e d   s t a t u s   o f   t h e   D e p l o y m e n t .   r e p l i c a s   ( i n t 3 2 ) T o t a l   n u m b e r   o f   n o n - t e r m i n a t i n g   p o d s   t a r g e t e d   b y   t h i s   d e p l o y m e n t   ( t h e i r   l a b e l s   m a t c h   t h e   s e l e c t o r ) . a v a i l a b l e R e p l i c a s   ( i n t 3 2 ) T o t a l   n u m b e r   o f   a v a i l a b l e   n o n - t e r m i n a t i n g   p o d s   ( r e a d y   f o r   a t   l e a s t   m i n R e a d y S e c o n d s )   t a r g e t e d   b y   t h i s   d e p l o y m e n t . r e a d y R e p l i c a s   ( i n t 3 2 ) T o t a l   n u m b e r   o f   n o n - t e r m i n a t i n g   p o d s   t a r g e t e d   b y   t h i s   D e p l o y m e n t   w i t h   a   R e a d y   C o n d i t i o n . u n a v a i l a b l e R e p l i c a s   ( i n t 3 2 ) T o t a l   n u m b e r   o f   u n a v a i l a b l e   p o d s   t a r g e t e d   b y   t h i s   d e p l o y m e n t .   T h i s   i s   t h e   t o t a l   n u m b e r   o f   p o d s   t h a t   a r e   s t i l l   r e q u i r e d   f o r   t h e   d e p l o y m e n t   t o   h a v e   1 0 0 %   a v a i l a b l e   c a p a c i t y .   T h e y   m a y   e i t h e r   b e   p o d s   t h a t   a r e   r u n n i n g   b u t   n o t   y e t   a v a i l a b l e   o r   p o d s   t h a t   s t i l l   h a v e   n o t   b e e n   c r e a t e d . u p d a t e d R e p l i c a s   ( i n t 3 2 ) T o t a l   n u m b e r   o f   n o n - t e r m i n a t i n g   p o d s   t a r g e t e d   b y   t h i s   d e p l o y m e n t   t h a t   h a v e   t h e   d e s i r e d   t e m p l a t e   s p e c . t e r m i n a t i n g R e p l i c a s   ( i n t 3 2 ) T o t a l   n u m b e r   o f   t e r m i n a t i n g   p o d s   t a r g e t e d   b y   t h i s   d e p l o y m e n t .   T e r m i n a t i n g   p o d s   h a v e   a   n o n - n u l l   . m e t a d a t a . d e l e t i o n


Question: What is DeploymentList?

Answer: D e p l o y m e n t L i s t   i s   a   l i s t   o f   D e p l o y m e n t s .   a p i V e r s i o n :   a p p s / v 1 k i n d :   D e p l o y m e n t L i s t m e t a d a t a   ( L i s t M e t a ) S t a n d a r d   l i s t   m e t a d a t a . i t e m s   ( [ ] D e p l o y m e n t ) ,   r e q u i r e d I t e m s   i s   t h e   l i s t   o f   D e p l o y m e n t s .   a p i V e r s i o n :   a p p s / v 1   k i n d :   D e p l o y m e n t L i s t   m e t a d a t a   ( L i s t M e t a )   S t a n d a r d   l i s t   m e t a d a t a .   i t e m s   ( [ ] D e p l o y m e n t ) ,   r e q u i r e d   I t e m s   i s   t h e   l i s t   o f   D e p l o y m e n t s .


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: G E T   / a p i s / a p p s / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / d e p l o y m e n t s / { n a m e }


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   D e p l o y m e n t n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   D e p l o y m e n t   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( D e p l o y m e n t ) :   O K   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: G E T   / a p i s / a p p s / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / d e p l o y m e n t s / { n a m e } / s t a t u s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   D e p l o y m e n t n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   D e p l o y m e n t   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( D e p l o y m e n t ) :   O K   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: G E T   / a p i s / a p p s / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / d e p l o y m e n t s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g c o n t i n u e f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d S e l e c t o r l a b e l S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g l a b e l S e l e c t o r l i m i t   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r l i m i t p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r t i m e o u t S e c o n d s w a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n w a t c h   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s   c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   c o n t i n u e   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   l a b e l S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   l a b e l S e l e c t o r   l i m i t   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r   l i m i t   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( D e p l o y m e n t L i s t ) :   O K   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: G E T   / a p i s / a p p s / v 1 / d e p l o y m e n t s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g c o n t i n u e f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d S e l e c t o r l a b e l S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g l a b e l S e l e c t o r l i m i t   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r l i m i t p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r t i m e o u t S e c o n d s w a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n w a t c h   a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s   c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   c o n t i n u e   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   l a b e l S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   l a b e l S e l e c t o r   l i m i t   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r   l i m i t   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r   t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   w a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   w a t c h


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( D e p l o y m e n t L i s t ) :   O K   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: P O S T   / a p i s / a p p s / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / d e p l o y m e n t s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e b o d y :   D e p l o y m e n t ,   r e q u i r e d d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d M a n a g e r f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   b o d y :   D e p l o y m e n t ,   r e q u i r e d   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d M a n a g e r   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( D e p l o y m e n t ) :   O K   2 0 1   ( D e p l o y m e n t ) :   C r e a t e d   2 0 2   ( D e p l o y m e n t ) :   A c c e p t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: P U T   / a p i s / a p p s / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / d e p l o y m e n t s / { n a m e }


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   D e p l o y m e n t n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e b o d y :   D e p l o y m e n t ,   r e q u i r e d d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d M a n a g e r f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   D e p l o y m e n t   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   b o d y :   D e p l o y m e n t ,   r e q u i r e d   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d M a n a g e r   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( D e p l o y m e n t ) :   O K   2 0 1   ( D e p l o y m e n t ) :   C r e a t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: P U T   / a p i s / a p p s / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / d e p l o y m e n t s / { n a m e } / s t a t u s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   D e p l o y m e n t n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e b o d y :   D e p l o y m e n t ,   r e q u i r e d d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d M a n a g e r f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   D e p l o y m e n t   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   b o d y :   D e p l o y m e n t ,   r e q u i r e d   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d M a n a g e r   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( D e p l o y m e n t ) :   O K   2 0 1   ( D e p l o y m e n t ) :   C r e a t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: P A T C H   / a p i s / a p p s / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / d e p l o y m e n t s / { n a m e }


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   D e p l o y m e n t n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e b o d y :   P a t c h ,   r e q u i r e d d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d M a n a g e r f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n f o r c e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n f o r c e p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   D e p l o y m e n t   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   b o d y :   P a t c h ,   r e q u i r e d   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d M a n a g e r   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   f o r c e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   f o r c e   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( D e p l o y m e n t ) :   O K   2 0 1   ( D e p l o y m e n t ) :   C r e a t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: P A T C H   / a p i s / a p p s / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / d e p l o y m e n t s / { n a m e } / s t a t u s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   D e p l o y m e n t n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e b o d y :   P a t c h ,   r e q u i r e d d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d M a n a g e r f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n f o r c e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n f o r c e p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   D e p l o y m e n t   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   b o d y :   P a t c h ,   r e q u i r e d   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d M a n a g e r   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   f o r c e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   f o r c e   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( D e p l o y m e n t ) :   O K   2 0 1   ( D e p l o y m e n t ) :   C r e a t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: D E L E T E   / a p i s / a p p s / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / d e p l o y m e n t s / { n a m e }


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   D e p l o y m e n t n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e b o d y :   D e l e t e O p t i o n s d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   D e p l o y m e n t   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   b o d y :   D e l e t e O p t i o n s   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r   g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y   p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( S t a t u s ) :   O K   2 0 2   ( S t a t u s ) :   A c c e p t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: D E L E T E   / a p i s / a p p s / v 1 / n a m e s p a c e s / { n a m e s p a c e } / d e p l o y m e n t s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e s p a c e b o d y :   D e l e t e O p t i o n s c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g c o n t i n u e d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d S e l e c t o r g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l l a b e l S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g l a b e l S e l e c t o r l i m i t   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r l i m i t p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   n a m e s p a c e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e s p a c e   b o d y :   D e l e t e O p t i o n s   c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   c o n t i n u e   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r   g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( S t a t u s ) :   O K   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d   T h i s   p a g e   i s   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   g e n e r a t e d .   I f   y o u   p l a n   t o   r e p o r t   a n   i s s u e   w i t h   t h i s   p a g e ,   m e n t i o n   t h a t   t h e   p a g e   i s   a u t o - g e n e r a t e d   i n   y o u r   i s s u e   d e s c r i p t i o n .   T h e   f i x   m a y   n e e d   t o   h a p p e n   e l s e w h e r e   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t .


Question: What is Ingress Controllers?

Answer: Ingress ControllersIn order for an Ingress to work in your cluster, there must be an ingress controller running. You need to select at least one ingress controller and make sure it is set up in your cluster. This page lists common ingress controllers that you can deploy.In order for the Ingress resource to work, the cluster must have an ingress controller running.Unlike other types of controllers which run as part of the kube-controller-manager binary, Ingress controllers are not started automatically with a cluster. Use this page to choose the ingress controller implementation that best fits your cluster.Kubernetes as a project supports and maintains AWS, GCE, and nginx ingress controllers.Additional controllersNote: This section links to third party projects that provide functionality required by Kubernetes. The Kubernetes project authors aren't responsible for these projects, which are listed alphabetically. To add a project to this list, read the content guide before submitting a change. More information.AKS Application Gateway Ingress Controller is an ingress controller that configures the Azure Application Gateway.Alibaba Cloud MSE Ingress is an ingress controller that configures the Alibaba Cloud Native Gateway, which is also the commercial version of Higress.Apache APISIX ingress controller is an Apache APISIX-based ingress controller.Avi Kubernetes Operator provides L4-L7 load-balancing using VMware NSX Advanced Load Balancer.BFE Ingress Controller is a BFE-based ingress controller.Cilium Ingress Controller is an ingress controller powered by Cilium.The Citrix ingress controller works with Citrix Application Delivery Controller.Contour is an Envoy based ingress controller.Emissary-Ingress API Gateway is an Envoy-based ingress controller.EnRoute is an Envoy based API gateway that can run as an ingress controller.Easegress IngressController is an Easegress based API gateway that can run as an ingress controller.F5 BIG-IP Container Ingress Services for Kubernetes lets you use an Ingress to configure F5 BIG-IP virtual servers.FortiADC Ingress Controller support the Kubernetes Ingress resources and allows you to manage FortiADC objects from KubernetesGloo is an open-source ingress controller based on Envoy, which offers API gateway functionality.HAProxy Ingress is an ingress controller for HAProxy.Higress is an Envoy based API gateway that can run as an ingress controller.The HAProxy Ingress Controller for Kubernetes is also an ingress controller for HAProxy.Istio Ingress is an Istio based ingress controller.The Kong Ingress Controller for Kubernetes is an ingress controller driving Kong Gateway.Kusk Gateway is an OpenAPI-driven ingress controller based on Envoy.The NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes works with the NGINX webserver (as a proxy).The ngrok Kubernetes Ingress Controller is an open source controller for adding secure public access to your K8s services using the ngrok platform.The OCI Native Ingress Controller is an Ingress co


Question: How does Ingress Controllers work?

Answer: Ingress ControllersIn order for an Ingress to work in your cluster, there must be an ingress controller running. You need to select at least one ingress controller and make sure it is set up in your cluster. This page lists common ingress controllers that you can deploy.In order for the Ingress resource to work, the cluster must have an ingress controller running.Unlike other types of controllers which run as part of the kube-controller-manager binary, Ingress controllers are not started automatically with a cluster. Use this page to choose the ingress controller implementation that best fits your cluster.Kubernetes as a project supports and maintains AWS, GCE, and nginx ingress controllers.Additional controllersNote: This section links to third party projects that provide functionality required by Kubernetes. The Kubernetes project authors aren't responsible for these projects, which are listed alphabetically. To add a project to this list, read the content guide before submitting a change. More information.AKS Application Gateway Ingress Controller is an ingress controller that configures the Azure Application Gateway.Alibaba Cloud MSE Ingress is an ingress controller that configures the Alibaba Cloud Native Gateway, which is also the commercial version of Higress.Apache APISIX ingress controller is an Apache APISIX-based ingress controller.Avi Kubernetes Operator provides L4-L7 load-balancing using VMware NSX Advanced Load Balancer.BFE Ingress Controller is a BFE-based ingress controller.Cilium Ingress Controller is an ingress controller powered by Cilium.The Citrix ingress controller works with Citrix Application Delivery Controller.Contour is an Envoy based ingress controller.Emissary-Ingress API Gateway is an Envoy-based ingress controller.EnRoute is an Envoy based API gateway that can run as an ingress controller.Easegress IngressController is an Easegress based API gateway that can run as an ingress controller.F5 BIG-IP Container Ingress Services for Kubernetes lets you use an Ingress to configure F5 BIG-IP virtual servers.FortiADC Ingress Controller support the Kubernetes Ingress resources and allows you to manage FortiADC objects from KubernetesGloo is an open-source ingress controller based on Envoy, which offers API gateway functionality.HAProxy Ingress is an ingress controller for HAProxy.Higress is an Envoy based API gateway that can run as an ingress controller.The HAProxy Ingress Controller for Kubernetes is also an ingress controller for HAProxy.Istio Ingress is an Istio based ingress controller.The Kong Ingress Controller for Kubernetes is an ingress controller driving Kong Gateway.Kusk Gateway is an OpenAPI-driven ingress controller based on Envoy.The NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes works with the NGINX webserver (as a proxy).The ngrok Kubernetes Ingress Controller is an open source controller for adding secure public access to your K8s services using the ngrok platform.The OCI Native Ingress Controller is an Ingress co


Question: When would you use Ingress Controllers?

Answer: Ingress ControllersIn order for an Ingress to work in your cluster, there must be an ingress controller running. You need to select at least one ingress controller and make sure it is set up in your cluster. This page lists common ingress controllers that you can deploy.In order for the Ingress resource to work, the cluster must have an ingress controller running.Unlike other types of controllers which run as part of the kube-controller-manager binary, Ingress controllers are not started automatically with a cluster. Use this page to choose the ingress controller implementation that best fits your cluster.Kubernetes as a project supports and maintains AWS, GCE, and nginx ingress controllers.Additional controllersNote: This section links to third party projects that provide functionality required by Kubernetes. The Kubernetes project authors aren't responsible for these projects, which are listed alphabetically. To add a project to this list, read the content guide before submitting a change. More information.AKS Application Gateway Ingress Controller is an ingress controller that configures the Azure Application Gateway.Alibaba Cloud MSE Ingress is an ingress controller that configures the Alibaba Cloud Native Gateway, which is also the commercial version of Higress.Apache APISIX ingress controller is an Apache APISIX-based ingress controller.Avi Kubernetes Operator provides L4-L7 load-balancing using VMware NSX Advanced Load Balancer.BFE Ingress Controller is a BFE-based ingress controller.Cilium Ingress Controller is an ingress controller powered by Cilium.The Citrix ingress controller works with Citrix Application Delivery Controller.Contour is an Envoy based ingress controller.Emissary-Ingress API Gateway is an Envoy-based ingress controller.EnRoute is an Envoy based API gateway that can run as an ingress controller.Easegress IngressController is an Easegress based API gateway that can run as an ingress controller.F5 BIG-IP Container Ingress Services for Kubernetes lets you use an Ingress to configure F5 BIG-IP virtual servers.FortiADC Ingress Controller support the Kubernetes Ingress resources and allows you to manage FortiADC objects from KubernetesGloo is an open-source ingress controller based on Envoy, which offers API gateway functionality.HAProxy Ingress is an ingress controller for HAProxy.Higress is an Envoy based API gateway that can run as an ingress controller.The HAProxy Ingress Controller for Kubernetes is also an ingress controller for HAProxy.Istio Ingress is an Istio based ingress controller.The Kong Ingress Controller for Kubernetes is an ingress controller driving Kong Gateway.Kusk Gateway is an OpenAPI-driven ingress controller based on Envoy.The NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes works with the NGINX webserver (as a proxy).The ngrok Kubernetes Ingress Controller is an open source controller for adding secure public access to your K8s services using the ngrok platform.The OCI Native Ingress Controller is an Ingress co


Question: What are the benefits of Ingress Controllers?

Answer: Ingress ControllersIn order for an Ingress to work in your cluster, there must be an ingress controller running. You need to select at least one ingress controller and make sure it is set up in your cluster. This page lists common ingress controllers that you can deploy.In order for the Ingress resource to work, the cluster must have an ingress controller running.Unlike other types of controllers which run as part of the kube-controller-manager binary, Ingress controllers are not started automatically with a cluster. Use this page to choose the ingress controller implementation that best fits your cluster.Kubernetes as a project supports and maintains AWS, GCE, and nginx ingress controllers.Additional controllersNote: This section links to third party projects that provide functionality required by Kubernetes. The Kubernetes project authors aren't responsible for these projects, which are listed alphabetically. To add a project to this list, read the content guide before submitting a change. More information.AKS Application Gateway Ingress Controller is an ingress controller that configures the Azure Application Gateway.Alibaba Cloud MSE Ingress is an ingress controller that configures the Alibaba Cloud Native Gateway, which is also the commercial version of Higress.Apache APISIX ingress controller is an Apache APISIX-based ingress controller.Avi Kubernetes Operator provides L4-L7 load-balancing using VMware NSX Advanced Load Balancer.BFE Ingress Controller is a BFE-based ingress controller.Cilium Ingress Controller is an ingress controller powered by Cilium.The Citrix ingress controller works with Citrix Application Delivery Controller.Contour is an Envoy based ingress controller.Emissary-Ingress API Gateway is an Envoy-based ingress controller.EnRoute is an Envoy based API gateway that can run as an ingress controller.Easegress IngressController is an Easegress based API gateway that can run as an ingress controller.F5 BIG-IP Container Ingress Services for Kubernetes lets you use an Ingress to configure F5 BIG-IP virtual servers.FortiADC Ingress Controller support the Kubernetes Ingress resources and allows you to manage FortiADC objects from KubernetesGloo is an open-source ingress controller based on Envoy, which offers API gateway functionality.HAProxy Ingress is an ingress controller for HAProxy.Higress is an Envoy based API gateway that can run as an ingress controller.The HAProxy Ingress Controller for Kubernetes is also an ingress controller for HAProxy.Istio Ingress is an Istio based ingress controller.The Kong Ingress Controller for Kubernetes is an ingress controller driving Kong Gateway.Kusk Gateway is an OpenAPI-driven ingress controller based on Envoy.The NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes works with the NGINX webserver (as a proxy).The ngrok Kubernetes Ingress Controller is an open source controller for adding secure public access to your K8s services using the ngrok platform.The OCI Native Ingress Controller is an Ingress co


Question: What is Ingress Controllers?

Answer: I n   o r d e r   f o r   t h e   I n g r e s s   r e s o u r c e   t o   w o r k ,   t h e   c l u s t e r   m u s t   h a v e   a n   i n g r e s s   c o n t r o l l e r   r u n n i n g .   U n l i k e   o t h e r   t y p e s   o f   c o n t r o l l e r s   w h i c h   r u n   a s   p a r t   o f   t h e   k u b e - c o n t r o l l e r - m a n a g e r   b i n a r y ,   I n g r e s s   c o n t r o l l e r s   a r e   n o t   s t a r t e d   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   w i t h   a   c l u s t e r .   U s e   t h i s   p a g e   t o   c h o o s e   t h e   i n g r e s s   c o n t r o l l e r   i m p l e m e n t a t i o n   t h a t   b e s t   f i t s   y o u r   c l u s t e r .   K u b e r n e t e s   a s   a   p r o j e c t   s u p p o r t s   a n d   m a i n t a i n s   A W S ,   G C E ,   a n d   n g i n x   i n g r e s s   c o n t r o l l e r s .


Question: What is Additional controllers?

Answer: A K S   A p p l i c a t i o n   G a t e w a y   I n g r e s s   C o n t r o l l e r   i s   a n   i n g r e s s   c o n t r o l l e r   t h a t   c o n f i g u r e s   t h e   A z u r e   A p p l i c a t i o n   G a t e w a y . A l i b a b a   C l o u d   M S E   I n g r e s s   i s   a n   i n g r e s s   c o n t r o l l e r   t h a t   c o n f i g u r e s   t h e   A l i b a b a   C l o u d   N a t i v e   G a t e w a y ,   w h i c h   i s   a l s o   t h e   c o m m e r c i a l   v e r s i o n   o f   H i g r e s s . A p a c h e   A P I S I X   i n g r e s s   c o n t r o l l e r   i s   a n   A p a c h e   A P I S I X - b a s e d   i n g r e s s   c o n t r o l l e r . A v i   K u b e r n e t e s   O p e r a t o r   p r o v i d e s   L 4 - L 7   l o a d - b a l a n c i n g   u s i n g   V M w a r e   N S X   A d v a n c e d   L o a d   B a l a n c e r . B F E   I n g r e s s   C o n t r o l l e r   i s   a   B F E - b a s e d   i n g r e s s   c o n t r o l l e r . C i l i u m   I n g r e s s   C o n t r o l l e r   i s   a n   i n g r e s s   c o n t r o l l e r   p o w e r e d   b y   C i l i u m . T h e   C i t r i x   i n g r e s s   c o n t r o l l e r   w o r k s   w i t h   C i t r i x   A p p l i c a t i o n   D e l i v e r y   C o n t r o l l e r . C o n t o u r   i s   a n   E n v o y   b a s e d   i n g r e s s   c o n t r o l l e r . E m i s s a r y - I n g r e s s   A P I   G a t e w a y   i s   a n   E n v o y - b a s e d   i n g r e s s   c o n t r o l l e r . E n R o u t e   i s   a n   E n v o y   b a s e d   A P I   g a t e w a y   t h a t   c a n   r u n   a s   a n   i n g r e s s   c o n t r o l l e r . E a s e g r e s s   I n g r e s s C o n t r o l l e r   i s   a n   E a s e g r e s s   b a s e d   A P I   g a t e w a y   t h a t   c a n   r u n   a s   a n   i n g r e s s   c o n t r o l l e r . F 5   B I G - I P   C o n t a i n e r   I n g r e s s   S e r v i c e s   f o r   K u b e r n e t e s   l e t s   y o u   u s e   a n   I n g r


Question: What is Using multiple Ingress controllers?

Answer: Y o u   m a y   d e p l o y   a n y   n u m b e r   o f   i n g r e s s   c o n t r o l l e r s   u s i n g   i n g r e s s   c l a s s   w i t h i n   a   c l u s t e r .   N o t e   t h e   . m e t a d a t a . n a m e   o f   y o u r   i n g r e s s   c l a s s   r e s o u r c e .   W h e n   y o u   c r e a t e   a n   i n g r e s s   y o u   w o u l d   n e e d   t h a t   n a m e   t o   s p e c i f y   t h e   i n g r e s s C l a s s N a m e   f i e l d   o n   y o u r   I n g r e s s   o b j e c t   ( r e f e r   t o   I n g r e s s S p e c   v 1   r e f e r e n c e ) .   i n g r e s s C l a s s N a m e   i s   a   r e p l a c e m e n t   o f   t h e   o l d e r   a n n o t a t i o n   m e t h o d .   I f   y o u   d o   n o t   s p e c i f y   a n   I n g r e s s C l a s s   f o r   a n   I n g r e s s ,   a n d   y o u r   c l u s t e r   h a s   e x a c t l y   o n e   I n g r e s s C l a s s   m a r k e d   a s   d e f a u l t ,   t h e n   K u b e r n e t e s   a p p l i e s   t h e   c l u s t e r ' s   d e f a u l t   I n g r e s s C l a s s   t o   t h e   I n g r e s s .   Y o u   m a r k   a n   I n g r e s s C l a s s   a s   d e f a u l t   b y   s e t t i n g   t h e   i n g r e s s c l a s s . k u b e r n e t e s . i o / i s - d e f a u l t - c l a s s   a n n o t a t i o n   o n   t h a t   I n g r e s s C l a s s ,   w i t h   t h e   s t r i n g   v a l u e   " t r u e " .   I d e a l l y ,   a l l   i n g r e s s   c o n t r o l l e r s   s h o u l d   f u l f i l l   t h i s   s p e c i f i c a t i o n ,   b u t   t h e   v a r i o u s   i n g r e s s   c o n t r o l l e r s   o p e r a t e   s l i g h t l y   d i f f e r e n t l y .


Question: What is What's next?

Answer: L e a r n   m o r e   a b o u t   I n g r e s s . S e t   u p   I n g r e s s   o n   M i n i k u b e   w i t h   t h e   N G I N X   C o n t r o l l e r .   I t e m s   o n   t h i s   p a g e   r e f e r   t o   t h i r d   p a r t y   p r o d u c t s   o r   p r o j e c t s   t h a t   p r o v i d e   f u n c t i o n a l i t y   r e q u i r e d   b y   K u b e r n e t e s .   T h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t   a u t h o r s   a r e n ' t   r e s p o n s i b l e   f o r   t h o s e   t h i r d - p a r t y   p r o d u c t s   o r   p r o j e c t s .   S e e   t h e   C N C F   w e b s i t e   g u i d e l i n e s   f o r   m o r e   d e t a i l s .   Y o u   s h o u l d   r e a d   t h e   c o n t e n t   g u i d e   b e f o r e   p r o p o s i n g   a   c h a n g e   t h a t   a d d s   a n   e x t r a   t h i r d - p a r t y   l i n k .


Question: What is Node Resource Managers?

Answer: Node Resource ManagersIn order to support latency-critical and high-throughput workloads, Kubernetes offers a suite of Resource Managers. The managers aim to co-ordinate and optimise the alignment of node's resources for pods configured with a specific requirement for CPUs, devices, and memory (hugepages) resources.Hardware topology alignment policiesTopology Manager is a kubelet component that aims to coordinate the set of components that are responsible for these optimizations. The overall resource management process is governed using the policy you specify. To learn more, read Control Topology Management Policies on a Node.Policies for assigning CPUs to PodsFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.26 [stable] (enabled by default: true)Once a Pod is bound to a Node, the kubelet on that node may need to either multiplex the existing hardware (for example, sharing CPUs across multiple Pods) or allocate hardware by dedicating some resource (for example, assigning one of more CPUs for a Pod's exclusive use).By default, the kubelet uses CFS quota to enforce pod CPU limits. When the node runs many CPU-bound pods, the workload can move to different CPU cores depending on whether the pod is throttled and which CPU cores are available at scheduling time. Many workloads are not sensitive to this migration and thus work fine without any intervention.However, in workloads where CPU cache affinity and scheduling latency significantly affect workload performance, the kubelet allows alternative CPU management policies to determine some placement preferences on the node. This is implemented using the CPU Manager and its policy. There are two available policies:none: the none policy explicitly enables the existing default CPU affinity scheme, providing no affinity beyond what the OS scheduler does automatically. Limits on CPU usage for Guaranteed pods and Burstable pods are enforced using CFS quota.static: the static policy allows containers in Guaranteed pods with integer CPU requests access to exclusive CPUs on the node. This exclusivity is enforced using the cpuset cgroup controller.Note:System services such as the container runtime and the kubelet itself can continue to run on these exclusive CPUs. The exclusivity only extends to other pods.CPU Manager doesn't support offlining and onlining of CPUs at runtime.Static policyThe static policy enables finer-grained CPU management and exclusive CPU assignment. This policy manages a shared pool of CPUs that initially contains all CPUs in the node. The amount of exclusively allocatable CPUs is equal to the total number of CPUs in the node minus any CPU reservations set by the kubelet configuration. CPUs reserved by these options are taken, in integer quantity, from the initial shared pool in ascending order by physical core ID. This shared pool is the set of CPUs on which any containers in BestEffort and Burstable pods run. Containers in Guaranteed pods with fractional CPU requests also run on CPUs in the shared pool. Only co


Question: How does Node Resource Managers work?

Answer: Node Resource ManagersIn order to support latency-critical and high-throughput workloads, Kubernetes offers a suite of Resource Managers. The managers aim to co-ordinate and optimise the alignment of node's resources for pods configured with a specific requirement for CPUs, devices, and memory (hugepages) resources.Hardware topology alignment policiesTopology Manager is a kubelet component that aims to coordinate the set of components that are responsible for these optimizations. The overall resource management process is governed using the policy you specify. To learn more, read Control Topology Management Policies on a Node.Policies for assigning CPUs to PodsFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.26 [stable] (enabled by default: true)Once a Pod is bound to a Node, the kubelet on that node may need to either multiplex the existing hardware (for example, sharing CPUs across multiple Pods) or allocate hardware by dedicating some resource (for example, assigning one of more CPUs for a Pod's exclusive use).By default, the kubelet uses CFS quota to enforce pod CPU limits. When the node runs many CPU-bound pods, the workload can move to different CPU cores depending on whether the pod is throttled and which CPU cores are available at scheduling time. Many workloads are not sensitive to this migration and thus work fine without any intervention.However, in workloads where CPU cache affinity and scheduling latency significantly affect workload performance, the kubelet allows alternative CPU management policies to determine some placement preferences on the node. This is implemented using the CPU Manager and its policy. There are two available policies:none: the none policy explicitly enables the existing default CPU affinity scheme, providing no affinity beyond what the OS scheduler does automatically. Limits on CPU usage for Guaranteed pods and Burstable pods are enforced using CFS quota.static: the static policy allows containers in Guaranteed pods with integer CPU requests access to exclusive CPUs on the node. This exclusivity is enforced using the cpuset cgroup controller.Note:System services such as the container runtime and the kubelet itself can continue to run on these exclusive CPUs. The exclusivity only extends to other pods.CPU Manager doesn't support offlining and onlining of CPUs at runtime.Static policyThe static policy enables finer-grained CPU management and exclusive CPU assignment. This policy manages a shared pool of CPUs that initially contains all CPUs in the node. The amount of exclusively allocatable CPUs is equal to the total number of CPUs in the node minus any CPU reservations set by the kubelet configuration. CPUs reserved by these options are taken, in integer quantity, from the initial shared pool in ascending order by physical core ID. This shared pool is the set of CPUs on which any containers in BestEffort and Burstable pods run. Containers in Guaranteed pods with fractional CPU requests also run on CPUs in the shared pool. Only co


Question: When would you use Node Resource Managers?

Answer: Node Resource ManagersIn order to support latency-critical and high-throughput workloads, Kubernetes offers a suite of Resource Managers. The managers aim to co-ordinate and optimise the alignment of node's resources for pods configured with a specific requirement for CPUs, devices, and memory (hugepages) resources.Hardware topology alignment policiesTopology Manager is a kubelet component that aims to coordinate the set of components that are responsible for these optimizations. The overall resource management process is governed using the policy you specify. To learn more, read Control Topology Management Policies on a Node.Policies for assigning CPUs to PodsFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.26 [stable] (enabled by default: true)Once a Pod is bound to a Node, the kubelet on that node may need to either multiplex the existing hardware (for example, sharing CPUs across multiple Pods) or allocate hardware by dedicating some resource (for example, assigning one of more CPUs for a Pod's exclusive use).By default, the kubelet uses CFS quota to enforce pod CPU limits. When the node runs many CPU-bound pods, the workload can move to different CPU cores depending on whether the pod is throttled and which CPU cores are available at scheduling time. Many workloads are not sensitive to this migration and thus work fine without any intervention.However, in workloads where CPU cache affinity and scheduling latency significantly affect workload performance, the kubelet allows alternative CPU management policies to determine some placement preferences on the node. This is implemented using the CPU Manager and its policy. There are two available policies:none: the none policy explicitly enables the existing default CPU affinity scheme, providing no affinity beyond what the OS scheduler does automatically. Limits on CPU usage for Guaranteed pods and Burstable pods are enforced using CFS quota.static: the static policy allows containers in Guaranteed pods with integer CPU requests access to exclusive CPUs on the node. This exclusivity is enforced using the cpuset cgroup controller.Note:System services such as the container runtime and the kubelet itself can continue to run on these exclusive CPUs. The exclusivity only extends to other pods.CPU Manager doesn't support offlining and onlining of CPUs at runtime.Static policyThe static policy enables finer-grained CPU management and exclusive CPU assignment. This policy manages a shared pool of CPUs that initially contains all CPUs in the node. The amount of exclusively allocatable CPUs is equal to the total number of CPUs in the node minus any CPU reservations set by the kubelet configuration. CPUs reserved by these options are taken, in integer quantity, from the initial shared pool in ascending order by physical core ID. This shared pool is the set of CPUs on which any containers in BestEffort and Burstable pods run. Containers in Guaranteed pods with fractional CPU requests also run on CPUs in the shared pool. Only co


Question: What are the benefits of Node Resource Managers?

Answer: Node Resource ManagersIn order to support latency-critical and high-throughput workloads, Kubernetes offers a suite of Resource Managers. The managers aim to co-ordinate and optimise the alignment of node's resources for pods configured with a specific requirement for CPUs, devices, and memory (hugepages) resources.Hardware topology alignment policiesTopology Manager is a kubelet component that aims to coordinate the set of components that are responsible for these optimizations. The overall resource management process is governed using the policy you specify. To learn more, read Control Topology Management Policies on a Node.Policies for assigning CPUs to PodsFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.26 [stable] (enabled by default: true)Once a Pod is bound to a Node, the kubelet on that node may need to either multiplex the existing hardware (for example, sharing CPUs across multiple Pods) or allocate hardware by dedicating some resource (for example, assigning one of more CPUs for a Pod's exclusive use).By default, the kubelet uses CFS quota to enforce pod CPU limits. When the node runs many CPU-bound pods, the workload can move to different CPU cores depending on whether the pod is throttled and which CPU cores are available at scheduling time. Many workloads are not sensitive to this migration and thus work fine without any intervention.However, in workloads where CPU cache affinity and scheduling latency significantly affect workload performance, the kubelet allows alternative CPU management policies to determine some placement preferences on the node. This is implemented using the CPU Manager and its policy. There are two available policies:none: the none policy explicitly enables the existing default CPU affinity scheme, providing no affinity beyond what the OS scheduler does automatically. Limits on CPU usage for Guaranteed pods and Burstable pods are enforced using CFS quota.static: the static policy allows containers in Guaranteed pods with integer CPU requests access to exclusive CPUs on the node. This exclusivity is enforced using the cpuset cgroup controller.Note:System services such as the container runtime and the kubelet itself can continue to run on these exclusive CPUs. The exclusivity only extends to other pods.CPU Manager doesn't support offlining and onlining of CPUs at runtime.Static policyThe static policy enables finer-grained CPU management and exclusive CPU assignment. This policy manages a shared pool of CPUs that initially contains all CPUs in the node. The amount of exclusively allocatable CPUs is equal to the total number of CPUs in the node minus any CPU reservations set by the kubelet configuration. CPUs reserved by these options are taken, in integer quantity, from the initial shared pool in ascending order by physical core ID. This shared pool is the set of CPUs on which any containers in BestEffort and Burstable pods run. Containers in Guaranteed pods with fractional CPU requests also run on CPUs in the shared pool. Only co


Question: What is Node Resource Managers?

Answer: I n   o r d e r   t o   s u p p o r t   l a t e n c y - c r i t i c a l   a n d   h i g h - t h r o u g h p u t   w o r k l o a d s ,   K u b e r n e t e s   o f f e r s   a   s u i t e   o f   R e s o u r c e   M a n a g e r s .   T h e   m a n a g e r s   a i m   t o   c o - o r d i n a t e   a n d   o p t i m i s e   t h e   a l i g n m e n t   o f   n o d e ' s   r e s o u r c e s   f o r   p o d s   c o n f i g u r e d   w i t h   a   s p e c i f i c   r e q u i r e m e n t   f o r   C P U s ,   d e v i c e s ,   a n d   m e m o r y   ( h u g e p a g e s )   r e s o u r c e s .


Question: What is Hardware topology alignment policies?

Answer: T o p o l o g y   M a n a g e r   i s   a   k u b e l e t   c o m p o n e n t   t h a t   a i m s   t o   c o o r d i n a t e   t h e   s e t   o f   c o m p o n e n t s   t h a t   a r e   r e s p o n s i b l e   f o r   t h e s e   o p t i m i z a t i o n s .   T h e   o v e r a l l   r e s o u r c e   m a n a g e m e n t   p r o c e s s   i s   g o v e r n e d   u s i n g   t h e   p o l i c y   y o u   s p e c i f y .   T o   l e a r n   m o r e ,   r e a d   C o n t r o l   T o p o l o g y   M a n a g e m e n t   P o l i c i e s   o n   a   N o d e .


Question: What is Policies for assigning CPUs to Pods?

Answer: O n c e   a   P o d   i s   b o u n d   t o   a   N o d e ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   o n   t h a t   n o d e   m a y   n e e d   t o   e i t h e r   m u l t i p l e x   t h e   e x i s t i n g   h a r d w a r e   ( f o r   e x a m p l e ,   s h a r i n g   C P U s   a c r o s s   m u l t i p l e   P o d s )   o r   a l l o c a t e   h a r d w a r e   b y   d e d i c a t i n g   s o m e   r e s o u r c e   ( f o r   e x a m p l e ,   a s s i g n i n g   o n e   o f   m o r e   C P U s   f o r   a   P o d ' s   e x c l u s i v e   u s e ) .   B y   d e f a u l t ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   u s e s   C F S   q u o t a   t o   e n f o r c e   p o d   C P U   l i m i t s .   W h e n   t h e   n o d e   r u n s   m a n y   C P U - b o u n d   p o d s ,   t h e   w o r k l o a d   c a n   m o v e   t o   d i f f e r e n t   C P U   c o r e s   d e p e n d i n g   o n   w h e t h e r   t h e   p o d   i s   t h r o t t l e d   a n d   w h i c h   C P U   c o r e s   a r e   a v a i l a b l e   a t   s c h e d u l i n g   t i m e .   M a n y   w o r k l o a d s   a r e   n o t   s e n s i t i v e   t o   t h i s   m i g r a t i o n   a n d   t h u s   w o r k   f i n e   w i t h o u t   a n y   i n t e r v e n t i o n .   H o w e v e r ,   i n   w o r k l o a d s   w h e r e   C P U   c a c h e   a f f i n i t y   a n d   s c h e d u l i n g   l a t e n c y   s i g n i f i c a n t l y   a f f e c t   w o r k l o a d   p e r f o r m a n c e ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   a l l o w s   a l t e r n a t i v e   C P U   m a n a g e m e n t   p o l i c i e s   t o   d e t e r m i n e   s o m e   p l a c e m e n t   p r e f e r e n c e s   o n   t h e   n o d e .   T h i s   i s   i m p l e m e n t e d   u s i n g   t h e   C P U   M a n a g e r   a n d   i t s   p o l i c y .   T h e r e   a r e   t w o   a v a i l a b l e   p o l i c i e s :   n o n e :   t h e   n o n e   p o l i c y   e x p l i c i t l y   e n a b l e s   t h e   e x i s t i n g   d e f a u l t   C P U   a f f i


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: C P U   M a n a g e r   d o e s n ' t   s u p p o r t   o f f l i n i n g   a n d   o n l i n i n g   o f   C P U s   a t   r u n t i m e .


Question: What is Static policy?

Answer: T h e   s t a t i c   p o l i c y   e n a b l e s   f i n e r - g r a i n e d   C P U   m a n a g e m e n t   a n d   e x c l u s i v e   C P U   a s s i g n m e n t .   T h i s   p o l i c y   m a n a g e s   a   s h a r e d   p o o l   o f   C P U s   t h a t   i n i t i a l l y   c o n t a i n s   a l l   C P U s   i n   t h e   n o d e .   T h e   a m o u n t   o f   e x c l u s i v e l y   a l l o c a t a b l e   C P U s   i s   e q u a l   t o   t h e   t o t a l   n u m b e r   o f   C P U s   i n   t h e   n o d e   m i n u s   a n y   C P U   r e s e r v a t i o n s   s e t   b y   t h e   k u b e l e t   c o n f i g u r a t i o n .   C P U s   r e s e r v e d   b y   t h e s e   o p t i o n s   a r e   t a k e n ,   i n   i n t e g e r   q u a n t i t y ,   f r o m   t h e   i n i t i a l   s h a r e d   p o o l   i n   a s c e n d i n g   o r d e r   b y   p h y s i c a l   c o r e   I D .   T h i s   s h a r e d   p o o l   i s   t h e   s e t   o f   C P U s   o n   w h i c h   a n y   c o n t a i n e r s   i n   B e s t E f f o r t   a n d   B u r s t a b l e   p o d s   r u n .   C o n t a i n e r s   i n   G u a r a n t e e d   p o d s   w i t h   f r a c t i o n a l   C P U   r e q u e s t s   a l s o   r u n   o n   C P U s   i n   t h e   s h a r e d   p o o l .   O n l y   c o n t a i n e r s   t h a t   a r e   p a r t   o f   a   G u a r a n t e e d   p o d   a n d   h a v e   i n t e g e r   C P U   r e q u e s t s   a r e   a s s i g n e d   e x c l u s i v e   C P U s .


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: A s   G u a r a n t e e d   p o d s   w h o s e   c o n t a i n e r s   f i t   t h e   r e q u i r e m e n t s   f o r   b e i n g   s t a t i c a l l y   a s s i g n e d   a r e   s c h e d u l e d   t o   t h e   n o d e ,   C P U s   a r e   r e m o v e d   f r o m   t h e   s h a r e d   p o o l   a n d   p l a c e d   i n   t h e   c p u s e t   f o r   t h e   c o n t a i n e r .   C F S   q u o t a   i s   n o t   u s e d   t o   b o u n d   t h e   C P U   u s a g e   o f   t h e s e   c o n t a i n e r s   a s   t h e i r   u s a g e   i s   b o u n d   b y   t h e   s c h e d u l i n g   d o m a i n   i t s e l f .   I n   o t h e r s   w o r d s ,   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   C P U s   i n   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   c p u s e t   i s   e q u a l   t o   t h e   i n t e g e r   C P U   l i m i t   s p e c i f i e d   i n   t h e   p o d   s p e c .   T h i s   s t a t i c   a s s i g n m e n t   i n c r e a s e s   C P U   a f f i n i t y   a n d   d e c r e a s e s   c o n t e x t   s w i t c h e s   d u e   t o   t h r o t t l i n g   f o r   t h e   C P U - b o u n d   w o r k l o a d .   C o n s i d e r   t h e   c o n t a i n e r s   i n   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   p o d   s p e c s :   s p e c :   c o n t a i n e r s :   -   n a m e :   n g i n x   i m a g e :   n g i n x   T h e   p o d   a b o v e   r u n s   i n   t h e   B e s t E f f o r t   Q o S   c l a s s   b e c a u s e   n o   r e s o u r c e   r e q u e s t s   o r   l i m i t s   a r e   s p e c i f i e d .   I t   r u n s   i n   t h e   s h a r e d   p o o l .   s p e c :   c o n t a i n e r s :   -   n a m e :   n g i n x   i m a g e :   n g i n x   r e s o u r c e s :   l i m i t s :   m e m o r y :   " 2 0 0 M i "   r e q u e s t s :   m e m o r y :   " 1 0 0 M i "   T h e   p o d   a b o v e   r u n s   i n   t h e   B u r s t a b l e   Q o S   c l a s s   b e c a u s e   r e s o u r c e   r e q u e s t s   d o   n o t   e q u a l   l i m i t s   a n d   t h e   c p u   q u


Question: What is Static policy options?

Answer: H e r e   a r e   t h e   a v a i l a b l e   p o l i c y   o p t i o n s   f o r   t h e   s t a t i c   C P U   m a n a g e m e n t   p o l i c y ,   l i s t e d   i n   a l p h a b e t i c a l   o r d e r :   Y o u   c a n   t o g g l e   g r o u p s   o f   o p t i o n s   o n   a n d   o f f   b a s e d   u p o n   t h e i r   m a t u r i t y   l e v e l   u s i n g   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   f e a t u r e   g a t e s :   C P U M a n a g e r P o l i c y B e t a O p t i o n s   ( d e f a u l t   e n a b l e d ) .   D i s a b l e   t o   h i d e   b e t a - l e v e l   o p t i o n s . C P U M a n a g e r P o l i c y A l p h a O p t i o n s   ( d e f a u l t   d i s a b l e d ) .   E n a b l e   t o   s h o w   a l p h a - l e v e l   o p t i o n s .   Y o u   w i l l   s t i l l   h a v e   t o   e n a b l e   e a c h   o p t i o n   u s i n g   t h e   c p u M a n a g e r P o l i c y O p t i o n s   f i e l d   i n   t h e   k u b e l e t   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   f i l e .   F o r   m o r e   d e t a i l   a b o u t   t h e   i n d i v i d u a l   o p t i o n s   y o u   c a n   c o n f i g u r e ,   r e a d   o n .


Question: What is full-pcpus-only?

Answer: I f   t h e   f u l l - p c p u s - o n l y   p o l i c y   o p t i o n   i s   s p e c i f i e d ,   t h e   s t a t i c   p o l i c y   w i l l   a l w a y s   a l l o c a t e   f u l l   p h y s i c a l   c o r e s .   B y   d e f a u l t ,   w i t h o u t   t h i s   o p t i o n ,   t h e   s t a t i c   p o l i c y   a l l o c a t e s   C P U s   u s i n g   a   t o p o l o g y - a w a r e   b e s t - f i t   a l l o c a t i o n .   O n   S M T   e n a b l e d   s y s t e m s ,   t h e   p o l i c y   c a n   a l l o c a t e   i n d i v i d u a l   v i r t u a l   c o r e s ,   w h i c h   c o r r e s p o n d   t o   h a r d w a r e   t h r e a d s .   T h i s   c a n   l e a d   t o   d i f f e r e n t   c o n t a i n e r s   s h a r i n g   t h e   s a m e   p h y s i c a l   c o r e s ;   t h i s   b e h a v i o u r   i n   t u r n   c o n t r i b u t e s   t o   t h e   n o i s y   n e i g h b o u r s   p r o b l e m .   W i t h   t h e   o p t i o n   e n a b l e d ,   t h e   p o d   w i l l   b e   a d m i t t e d   b y   t h e   k u b e l e t   o n l y   i f   t h e   C P U   r e q u e s t   o f   a l l   i t s   c o n t a i n e r s   c a n   b e   f u l f i l l e d   b y   a l l o c a t i n g   f u l l   p h y s i c a l   c o r e s .   I f   t h e   p o d   d o e s   n o t   p a s s   t h e   a d m i s s i o n ,   i t   w i l l   b e   p u t   i n   F a i l e d   s t a t e   w i t h   t h e   m e s s a g e   S M T A l i g n m e n t E r r o r .


Question: What is distribute-cpus-across-numa?

Answer: I f   t h e   d i s t r i b u t e - c p u s - a c r o s s - n u m a p o l i c y   o p t i o n   i s   s p e c i f i e d ,   t h e   s t a t i c   p o l i c y   w i l l   e v e n l y   d i s t r i b u t e   C P U s   a c r o s s   N U M A   n o d e s   i n   c a s e s   w h e r e   m o r e   t h a n   o n e   N U M A   n o d e   i s   r e q u i r e d   t o   s a t i s f y   t h e   a l l o c a t i o n .   B y   d e f a u l t ,   t h e   C P U M a n a g e r   w i l l   p a c k   C P U s   o n t o   o n e   N U M A   n o d e   u n t i l   i t   i s   f i l l e d ,   w i t h   a n y   r e m a i n i n g   C P U s   s i m p l y   s p i l l i n g   o v e r   t o   t h e   n e x t   N U M A   n o d e .   T h i s   c a n   c a u s e   u n d e s i r e d   b o t t l e n e c k s   i n   p a r a l l e l   c o d e   r e l y i n g   o n   b a r r i e r s   ( a n d   s i m i l a r   s y n c h r o n i z a t i o n   p r i m i t i v e s ) ,   a s   t h i s   t y p e   o f   c o d e   t e n d s   t o   r u n   o n l y   a s   f a s t   a s   i t s   s l o w e s t   w o r k e r   ( w h i c h   i s   s l o w e d   d o w n   b y   t h e   f a c t   t h a t   f e w e r   C P U s   a r e   a v a i l a b l e   o n   a t   l e a s t   o n e   N U M A   n o d e ) .   B y   d i s t r i b u t i n g   C P U s   e v e n l y   a c r o s s   N U M A   n o d e s ,   a p p l i c a t i o n   d e v e l o p e r s   c a n   m o r e   e a s i l y   e n s u r e   t h a t   n o   s i n g l e   w o r k e r   s u f f e r s   f r o m   N U M A   e f f e c t s   m o r e   t h a n   a n y   o t h e r ,   i m p r o v i n g   t h e   o v e r a l l   p e r f o r m a n c e   o f   t h e s e   t y p e s   o f   a p p l i c a t i o n s .


Question: What is align-by-socket?

Answer: I f   t h e   a l i g n - b y - s o c k e t   p o l i c y   o p t i o n   i s   s p e c i f i e d ,   C P U s   w i l l   b e   c o n s i d e r e d   a l i g n e d   a t   t h e   s o c k e t   b o u n d a r y   w h e n   d e c i d i n g   h o w   t o   a l l o c a t e   C P U s   t o   a   c o n t a i n e r .   B y   d e f a u l t ,   t h e   C P U M a n a g e r   a l i g n s   C P U   a l l o c a t i o n s   a t   t h e   N U M A   b o u n d a r y ,   w h i c h   c o u l d   r e s u l t   i n   p e r f o r m a n c e   d e g r a d a t i o n   i f   C P U s   n e e d   t o   b e   p u l l e d   f r o m   m o r e   t h a n   o n e   N U M A   n o d e   t o   s a t i s f y   t h e   a l l o c a t i o n .   A l t h o u g h   i t   t r i e s   t o   e n s u r e   t h a t   a l l   C P U s   a r e   a l l o c a t e d   f r o m   t h e   m i n i m u m   n u m b e r   o f   N U M A   n o d e s ,   t h e r e   i s   n o   g u a r a n t e e   t h a t   t h o s e   N U M A   n o d e s   w i l l   b e   o n   t h e   s a m e   s o c k e t .   B y   d i r e c t i n g   t h e   C P U M a n a g e r   t o   e x p l i c i t l y   a l i g n   C P U s   a t   t h e   s o c k e t   b o u n d a r y   r a t h e r   t h a n   t h e   N U M A   b o u n d a r y ,   w e   a r e   a b l e   t o   a v o i d   s u c h   i s s u e s .   N o t e ,   t h i s   p o l i c y   o p t i o n   i s   n o t   c o m p a t i b l e   w i t h   T o p o l o g y M a n a g e r   s i n g l e - n u m a - n o d e   p o l i c y   a n d   d o e s   n o t   a p p l y   t o   h a r d w a r e   w h e r e   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   s o c k e t s   i s   g r e a t e r   t h a n   n u m b e r   o f   N U M A   n o d e s .


Question: What is distribute-cpus-across-cores?

Answer: I f   t h e   d i s t r i b u t e - c p u s - a c r o s s - c o r e s   p o l i c y   o p t i o n   i s   s p e c i f i e d ,   t h e   s t a t i c   p o l i c y   w i l l   a t t e m p t   t o   a l l o c a t e   v i r t u a l   c o r e s   ( h a r d w a r e   t h r e a d s )   a c r o s s   d i f f e r e n t   p h y s i c a l   c o r e s .   B y   d e f a u l t ,   t h e   C P U M a n a g e r   t e n d s   t o   p a c k   C P U s   o n t o   a s   f e w   p h y s i c a l   c o r e s   a s   p o s s i b l e ,   w h i c h   c a n   l e a d   t o   c o n t e n t i o n   a m o n g   C P U s   o n   t h e   s a m e   p h y s i c a l   c o r e   a n d   r e s u l t   i n   p e r f o r m a n c e   b o t t l e n e c k s .   B y   e n a b l i n g   t h e   d i s t r i b u t e - c p u s - a c r o s s - c o r e s   p o l i c y ,   t h e   s t a t i c   p o l i c y   e n s u r e s   t h a t   C P U s   a r e   d i s t r i b u t e d   a c r o s s   a s   m a n y   p h y s i c a l   c o r e s   a s   p o s s i b l e ,   r e d u c i n g   t h e   c o n t e n t i o n   o n   t h e   s a m e   p h y s i c a l   c o r e   a n d   t h e r e b y   i m p r o v i n g   o v e r a l l   p e r f o r m a n c e .   H o w e v e r ,   i t   i s   i m p o r t a n t   t o   n o t e   t h a t   t h i s   s t r a t e g y   m i g h t   b e   l e s s   e f f e c t i v e   w h e n   t h e   s y s t e m   i s   h e a v i l y   l o a d e d .   U n d e r   s u c h   c o n d i t i o n s ,   t h e   b e n e f i t   o f   r e d u c i n g   c o n t e n t i o n   d i m i n i s h e s .   C o n v e r s e l y ,   d e f a u l t   b e h a v i o r   c a n   h e l p   i n   r e d u c i n g   i n t e r - c o r e   c o m m u n i c a t i o n   o v e r h e a d ,   p o t e n t i a l l y   p r o v i d i n g   b e t t e r   p e r f o r m a n c e   u n d e r   h i g h   l o a d   c o n d i t i o n s .


Question: What is strict-cpu-reservation?

Answer: T h e   r e s e r v e d S y s t e m C P U s   p a r a m e t e r   i n   K u b e l e t C o n f i g u r a t i o n ,   o r   t h e   d e p r e c a t e d   k u b e l e t   c o m m a n d   l i n e   o p t i o n   - - r e s e r v e d - c p u s ,   d e f i n e s   a n   e x p l i c i t   C P U   s e t   f o r   O S   s y s t e m   d a e m o n s   a n d   k u b e r n e t e s   s y s t e m   d a e m o n s .   M o r e   d e t a i l s   o f   t h i s   p a r a m e t e r   c a n   b e   f o u n d   o n   t h e   E x p l i c i t l y   R e s e r v e d   C P U   L i s t   p a g e .   B y   d e f a u l t ,   t h i s   i s o l a t i o n   i s   i m p l e m e n t e d   o n l y   f o r   g u a r a n t e e d   p o d s   w i t h   i n t e g e r   C P U   r e q u e s t s   n o t   f o r   b u r s t a b l e   a n d   b e s t - e f f o r t   p o d s   ( a n d   g u a r a n t e e d   p o d s   w i t h   f r a c t i o n a l   C P U   r e q u e s t s ) .   A d m i s s i o n   i s   o n l y   c o m p a r i n g   t h e   C P U   r e q u e s t s   a g a i n s t   t h e   a l l o c a t a b l e   C P U s .   S i n c e   t h e   C P U   l i m i t   i s   h i g h e r   t h a n   t h e   r e q u e s t ,   t h e   d e f a u l t   b e h a v i o u r   a l l o w s   b u r s t a b l e   a n d   b e s t - e f f o r t   p o d s   t o   u s e   u p   t h e   c a p a c i t y   o f   r e s e r v e d S y s t e m C P U s   a n d   c a u s e   h o s t   O S   s e r v i c e s   t o   s t a r v e   i n   r e a l   l i f e   d e p l o y m e n t s .   I f   t h e   s t r i c t - c p u - r e s e r v a t i o n   p o l i c y   o p t i o n   i s   e n a b l e d ,   t h e   s t a t i c   p o l i c y   w i l l   n o t   a l l o w   a n y   w o r k l o a d   t o   u s e   t h e   C P U   c o r e s   s p e c i f i e d   i n   r e s e r v e d S y s t e m C P U s .


Question: What is prefer-align-cpus-by-uncorecache?

Answer: I f   t h e   p r e f e r - a l i g n - c p u s - b y - u n c o r e c a c h e   p o l i c y   i s   s p e c i f i e d ,   t h e   s t a t i c   p o l i c y   w i l l   a l l o c a t e   C P U   r e s o u r c e s   f o r   i n d i v i d u a l   c o n t a i n e r s   s u c h   t h a t   a l l   C P U s   a s s i g n e d   t o   a   c o n t a i n e r   s h a r e   t h e   s a m e   u n c o r e   c a c h e   b l o c k   ( a l s o   k n o w n   a s   t h e   L a s t - L e v e l   C a c h e   o r   L L C ) .   B y   d e f a u l t ,   t h e   C P U M a n a g e r   w i l l   t i g h t l y   p a c k   C P U   a s s i g n m e n t s   w h i c h   c a n   r e s u l t   i n   c o n t a i n e r s   b e i n g   a s s i g n e d   C P U s   f r o m   m u l t i p l e   u n c o r e   c a c h e s .   T h i s   o p t i o n   e n a b l e s   t h e   C P U M a n a g e r   t o   a l l o c a t e   C P U s   i n   a   w a y   t h a t   m a x i m i z e s   t h e   e f f i c i e n t   u s e   o f   t h e   u n c o r e   c a c h e .   A l l o c a t i o n   i s   p e r f o r m e d   o n   a   b e s t - e f f o r t   b a s i s ,   a i m i n g   t o   a f f i n e   a s   m a n y   C P U s   a s   p o s s i b l e   w i t h i n   t h e   s a m e   u n c o r e   c a c h e .   I f   t h e   c o n t a i n e r ' s   C P U   r e q u i r e m e n t   e x c e e d s   t h e   C P U   c a p a c i t y   o f   a   s i n g l e   u n c o r e   c a c h e ,   t h e   C P U M a n a g e r   m i n i m i z e s   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   u n c o r e   c a c h e s   u s e d   i n   o r d e r   t o   m a i n t a i n   o p t i m a l   u n c o r e   c a c h e   a l i g n m e n t .   S p e c i f i c   w o r k l o a d s   c a n   b e n e f i t   i n   p e r f o r m a n c e   f r o m   t h e   r e d u c t i o n   o f   i n t e r - c a c h e   l a t e n c y   a n d   n o i s y   n e i g h b o r s   a t   t h e   c a c h e   l e v e l .   I f   t h e   C P U M a n a g e r   c a n n o t   a l i g n   o p t i m a l l y   w h i


Question: What is Memory Management Policies?

Answer: T h e   K u b e r n e t e s   M e m o r y   M a n a g e r   e n a b l e s   t h e   f e a t u r e   o f   g u a r a n t e e d   m e m o r y   ( a n d   h u g e p a g e s )   a l l o c a t i o n   f o r   p o d s   i n   t h e   G u a r a n t e e d   Q o S   c l a s s .   T h e   M e m o r y   M a n a g e r   e m p l o y s   h i n t   g e n e r a t i o n   p r o t o c o l   t o   y i e l d   t h e   m o s t   s u i t a b l e   N U M A   a f f i n i t y   f o r   a   p o d .   T h e   M e m o r y   M a n a g e r   f e e d s   t h e   c e n t r a l   m a n a g e r   ( T o p o l o g y   M a n a g e r )   w i t h   t h e s e   a f f i n i t y   h i n t s .   B a s e d   o n   b o t h   t h e   h i n t s   a n d   T o p o l o g y   M a n a g e r   p o l i c y ,   t h e   p o d   i s   r e j e c t e d   o r   a d m i t t e d   t o   t h e   n o d e .   M o r e o v e r ,   t h e   M e m o r y   M a n a g e r   e n s u r e s   t h a t   t h e   m e m o r y   w h i c h   a   p o d   r e q u e s t s   i s   a l l o c a t e d   f r o m   a   m i n i m u m   n u m b e r   o f   N U M A   n o d e s .


Question: What is Other resource managers?

Answer: T h e   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   o f   i n d i v i d u a l   m a n a g e r s   i s   e l a b o r a t e d   i n   d e d i c a t e d   d o c u m e n t s :   D e v i c e   M a n a g e r


Question: What is Overview?

Answer: This is the multi-page printable view of this section. Click here to print.Return to the regular view of this page.OverviewKubernetes is a portable, extensible, open source platform for managing containerized workloads and services, that facilitates both declarative configuration and automation. It has a large, rapidly growing ecosystem. Kubernetes services, support, and tools are widely available.1: Kubernetes Components2: Objects In Kubernetes2.1: Kubernetes Object Management2.2: Object Names and IDs2.3: Labels and Selectors2.4: Namespaces2.5: Annotations2.6: Field Selectors2.7: Finalizers2.8: Owners and Dependents2.9: Recommended Labels3: The Kubernetes APIThis page is an overview of Kubernetes.The name Kubernetes originates from Greek, meaning helmsman or pilot. K8s as an abbreviation results from counting the eight letters between the "K" and the "s". Google open-sourced the Kubernetes project in 2014. Kubernetes combines over 15 years of Google's experience running production workloads at scale with best-of-breed ideas and practices from the community.Why you need Kubernetes and what it can doContainers are a good way to bundle and run your applications. In a production environment, you need to manage the containers that run the applications and ensure that there is no downtime. For example, if a container goes down, another container needs to start. Wouldn't it be easier if this behavior was handled by a system?That's how Kubernetes comes to the rescue! Kubernetes provides you with a framework to run distributed systems resiliently. It takes care of scaling and failover for your application, provides deployment patterns, and more. For example: Kubernetes can easily manage a canary deployment for your system.Kubernetes provides you with:Service discovery and load balancing Kubernetes can expose a container using the DNS name or using their own IP address. If traffic to a container is high, Kubernetes is able to load balance and distribute the network traffic so that the deployment is stable.Storage orchestration Kubernetes allows you to automatically mount a storage system of your choice, such as local storages, public cloud providers, and more.Automated rollouts and rollbacks You can describe the desired state for your deployed containers using Kubernetes, and it can change the actual state to the desired state at a controlled rate. For example, you can automate Kubernetes to create new containers for your deployment, remove existing containers and adopt all their resources to the new container.Automatic bin packing You provide Kubernetes with a cluster of nodes that it can use to run containerized tasks. You tell Kubernetes how much CPU and memory (RAM) each container needs. Kubernetes can fit containers onto your nodes to make the best use of your resources.Self-healing Kubernetes restarts containers that fail, replaces containers, kills containers that don't respond to your user-defined health check, and doesn't advertise them to client


Question: How does Overview work?

Answer: This is the multi-page printable view of this section. Click here to print.Return to the regular view of this page.OverviewKubernetes is a portable, extensible, open source platform for managing containerized workloads and services, that facilitates both declarative configuration and automation. It has a large, rapidly growing ecosystem. Kubernetes services, support, and tools are widely available.1: Kubernetes Components2: Objects In Kubernetes2.1: Kubernetes Object Management2.2: Object Names and IDs2.3: Labels and Selectors2.4: Namespaces2.5: Annotations2.6: Field Selectors2.7: Finalizers2.8: Owners and Dependents2.9: Recommended Labels3: The Kubernetes APIThis page is an overview of Kubernetes.The name Kubernetes originates from Greek, meaning helmsman or pilot. K8s as an abbreviation results from counting the eight letters between the "K" and the "s". Google open-sourced the Kubernetes project in 2014. Kubernetes combines over 15 years of Google's experience running production workloads at scale with best-of-breed ideas and practices from the community.Why you need Kubernetes and what it can doContainers are a good way to bundle and run your applications. In a production environment, you need to manage the containers that run the applications and ensure that there is no downtime. For example, if a container goes down, another container needs to start. Wouldn't it be easier if this behavior was handled by a system?That's how Kubernetes comes to the rescue! Kubernetes provides you with a framework to run distributed systems resiliently. It takes care of scaling and failover for your application, provides deployment patterns, and more. For example: Kubernetes can easily manage a canary deployment for your system.Kubernetes provides you with:Service discovery and load balancing Kubernetes can expose a container using the DNS name or using their own IP address. If traffic to a container is high, Kubernetes is able to load balance and distribute the network traffic so that the deployment is stable.Storage orchestration Kubernetes allows you to automatically mount a storage system of your choice, such as local storages, public cloud providers, and more.Automated rollouts and rollbacks You can describe the desired state for your deployed containers using Kubernetes, and it can change the actual state to the desired state at a controlled rate. For example, you can automate Kubernetes to create new containers for your deployment, remove existing containers and adopt all their resources to the new container.Automatic bin packing You provide Kubernetes with a cluster of nodes that it can use to run containerized tasks. You tell Kubernetes how much CPU and memory (RAM) each container needs. Kubernetes can fit containers onto your nodes to make the best use of your resources.Self-healing Kubernetes restarts containers that fail, replaces containers, kills containers that don't respond to your user-defined health check, and doesn't advertise them to client


Question: When would you use Overview?

Answer: This is the multi-page printable view of this section. Click here to print.Return to the regular view of this page.OverviewKubernetes is a portable, extensible, open source platform for managing containerized workloads and services, that facilitates both declarative configuration and automation. It has a large, rapidly growing ecosystem. Kubernetes services, support, and tools are widely available.1: Kubernetes Components2: Objects In Kubernetes2.1: Kubernetes Object Management2.2: Object Names and IDs2.3: Labels and Selectors2.4: Namespaces2.5: Annotations2.6: Field Selectors2.7: Finalizers2.8: Owners and Dependents2.9: Recommended Labels3: The Kubernetes APIThis page is an overview of Kubernetes.The name Kubernetes originates from Greek, meaning helmsman or pilot. K8s as an abbreviation results from counting the eight letters between the "K" and the "s". Google open-sourced the Kubernetes project in 2014. Kubernetes combines over 15 years of Google's experience running production workloads at scale with best-of-breed ideas and practices from the community.Why you need Kubernetes and what it can doContainers are a good way to bundle and run your applications. In a production environment, you need to manage the containers that run the applications and ensure that there is no downtime. For example, if a container goes down, another container needs to start. Wouldn't it be easier if this behavior was handled by a system?That's how Kubernetes comes to the rescue! Kubernetes provides you with a framework to run distributed systems resiliently. It takes care of scaling and failover for your application, provides deployment patterns, and more. For example: Kubernetes can easily manage a canary deployment for your system.Kubernetes provides you with:Service discovery and load balancing Kubernetes can expose a container using the DNS name or using their own IP address. If traffic to a container is high, Kubernetes is able to load balance and distribute the network traffic so that the deployment is stable.Storage orchestration Kubernetes allows you to automatically mount a storage system of your choice, such as local storages, public cloud providers, and more.Automated rollouts and rollbacks You can describe the desired state for your deployed containers using Kubernetes, and it can change the actual state to the desired state at a controlled rate. For example, you can automate Kubernetes to create new containers for your deployment, remove existing containers and adopt all their resources to the new container.Automatic bin packing You provide Kubernetes with a cluster of nodes that it can use to run containerized tasks. You tell Kubernetes how much CPU and memory (RAM) each container needs. Kubernetes can fit containers onto your nodes to make the best use of your resources.Self-healing Kubernetes restarts containers that fail, replaces containers, kills containers that don't respond to your user-defined health check, and doesn't advertise them to client


Question: What are the benefits of Overview?

Answer: This is the multi-page printable view of this section. Click here to print.Return to the regular view of this page.OverviewKubernetes is a portable, extensible, open source platform for managing containerized workloads and services, that facilitates both declarative configuration and automation. It has a large, rapidly growing ecosystem. Kubernetes services, support, and tools are widely available.1: Kubernetes Components2: Objects In Kubernetes2.1: Kubernetes Object Management2.2: Object Names and IDs2.3: Labels and Selectors2.4: Namespaces2.5: Annotations2.6: Field Selectors2.7: Finalizers2.8: Owners and Dependents2.9: Recommended Labels3: The Kubernetes APIThis page is an overview of Kubernetes.The name Kubernetes originates from Greek, meaning helmsman or pilot. K8s as an abbreviation results from counting the eight letters between the "K" and the "s". Google open-sourced the Kubernetes project in 2014. Kubernetes combines over 15 years of Google's experience running production workloads at scale with best-of-breed ideas and practices from the community.Why you need Kubernetes and what it can doContainers are a good way to bundle and run your applications. In a production environment, you need to manage the containers that run the applications and ensure that there is no downtime. For example, if a container goes down, another container needs to start. Wouldn't it be easier if this behavior was handled by a system?That's how Kubernetes comes to the rescue! Kubernetes provides you with a framework to run distributed systems resiliently. It takes care of scaling and failover for your application, provides deployment patterns, and more. For example: Kubernetes can easily manage a canary deployment for your system.Kubernetes provides you with:Service discovery and load balancing Kubernetes can expose a container using the DNS name or using their own IP address. If traffic to a container is high, Kubernetes is able to load balance and distribute the network traffic so that the deployment is stable.Storage orchestration Kubernetes allows you to automatically mount a storage system of your choice, such as local storages, public cloud providers, and more.Automated rollouts and rollbacks You can describe the desired state for your deployed containers using Kubernetes, and it can change the actual state to the desired state at a controlled rate. For example, you can automate Kubernetes to create new containers for your deployment, remove existing containers and adopt all their resources to the new container.Automatic bin packing You provide Kubernetes with a cluster of nodes that it can use to run containerized tasks. You tell Kubernetes how much CPU and memory (RAM) each container needs. Kubernetes can fit containers onto your nodes to make the best use of your resources.Self-healing Kubernetes restarts containers that fail, replaces containers, kills containers that don't respond to your user-defined health check, and doesn't advertise them to client


Question: What is Overview?

Answer: 1 :   K u b e r n e t e s   C o m p o n e n t s 2 :   O b j e c t s   I n   K u b e r n e t e s 2 . 1 :   K u b e r n e t e s   O b j e c t   M a n a g e m e n t 2 . 2 :   O b j e c t   N a m e s   a n d   I D s 2 . 3 :   L a b e l s   a n d   S e l e c t o r s 2 . 4 :   N a m e s p a c e s 2 . 5 :   A n n o t a t i o n s 2 . 6 :   F i e l d   S e l e c t o r s 2 . 7 :   F i n a l i z e r s 2 . 8 :   O w n e r s   a n d   D e p e n d e n t s 2 . 9 :   R e c o m m e n d e d   L a b e l s 3 :   T h e   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I   2 . 1 :   K u b e r n e t e s   O b j e c t   M a n a g e m e n t 2 . 2 :   O b j e c t   N a m e s   a n d   I D s 2 . 3 :   L a b e l s   a n d   S e l e c t o r s 2 . 4 :   N a m e s p a c e s 2 . 5 :   A n n o t a t i o n s 2 . 6 :   F i e l d   S e l e c t o r s 2 . 7 :   F i n a l i z e r s 2 . 8 :   O w n e r s   a n d   D e p e n d e n t s 2 . 9 :   R e c o m m e n d e d   L a b e l s   T h i s   p a g e   i s   a n   o v e r v i e w   o f   K u b e r n e t e s .   T h e   n a m e   K u b e r n e t e s   o r i g i n a t e s   f r o m   G r e e k ,   m e a n i n g   h e l m s m a n   o r   p i l o t .   K 8 s   a s   a n   a b b r e v i a t i o n   r e s u l t s   f r o m   c o u n t i n g   t h e   e i g h t   l e t t e r s   b e t w e e n   t h e   " K "   a n d   t h e   " s " .   G o o g l e   o p e n - s o u r c e d   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t   i n   2 0 1 4 .   K u b e r n e t e s   c o m b i n e s   o v e r   1 5   y e a r s   o f   G o o g l e ' s   e x p e r i e n c e   r u n n i n g   p r o d u c t i o n   w o r k l o a d s   a t   s c a l e   w i t h   b e s t - o f - b r e e d   i d e a s   a n d   p r a c t i c e s   f r o m   t h e   c o m m u n i t y .


Question: What is Why you need Kubernetes and what it can do?

Answer: C o n t a i n e r s   a r e   a   g o o d   w a y   t o   b u n d l e   a n d   r u n   y o u r   a p p l i c a t i o n s .   I n   a   p r o d u c t i o n   e n v i r o n m e n t ,   y o u   n e e d   t o   m a n a g e   t h e   c o n t a i n e r s   t h a t   r u n   t h e   a p p l i c a t i o n s   a n d   e n s u r e   t h a t   t h e r e   i s   n o   d o w n t i m e .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   i f   a   c o n t a i n e r   g o e s   d o w n ,   a n o t h e r   c o n t a i n e r   n e e d s   t o   s t a r t .   W o u l d n ' t   i t   b e   e a s i e r   i f   t h i s   b e h a v i o r   w a s   h a n d l e d   b y   a   s y s t e m ?   T h a t ' s   h o w   K u b e r n e t e s   c o m e s   t o   t h e   r e s c u e !   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o v i d e s   y o u   w i t h   a   f r a m e w o r k   t o   r u n   d i s t r i b u t e d   s y s t e m s   r e s i l i e n t l y .   I t   t a k e s   c a r e   o f   s c a l i n g   a n d   f a i l o v e r   f o r   y o u r   a p p l i c a t i o n ,   p r o v i d e s   d e p l o y m e n t   p a t t e r n s ,   a n d   m o r e .   F o r   e x a m p l e :   K u b e r n e t e s   c a n   e a s i l y   m a n a g e   a   c a n a r y   d e p l o y m e n t   f o r   y o u r   s y s t e m .   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o v i d e s   y o u   w i t h :   S e r v i c e   d i s c o v e r y   a n d   l o a d   b a l a n c i n g   K u b e r n e t e s   c a n   e x p o s e   a   c o n t a i n e r   u s i n g   t h e   D N S   n a m e   o r   u s i n g   t h e i r   o w n   I P   a d d r e s s .   I f   t r a f f i c   t o   a   c o n t a i n e r   i s   h i g h ,   K u b e r n e t e s   i s   a b l e   t o   l o a d   b a l a n c e   a n d   d i s t r i b u t e   t h e   n e t w o r k   t r a f f i c   s o   t h a t   t h e   d e p l o y m e n t   i s   s t a b l e . S t o r a g e   o r c h e s t r a t i o n   K u b e r n e t e s   a l l o w s   y o u   t o   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   m o u n t   a   s t o r a g e   s y s t


Question: What is What Kubernetes is not?

Answer: K u b e r n e t e s   i s   n o t   a   t r a d i t i o n a l ,   a l l - i n c l u s i v e   P a a S   ( P l a t f o r m   a s   a   S e r v i c e )   s y s t e m .   S i n c e   K u b e r n e t e s   o p e r a t e s   a t   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   l e v e l   r a t h e r   t h a n   a t   t h e   h a r d w a r e   l e v e l ,   i t   p r o v i d e s   s o m e   g e n e r a l l y   a p p l i c a b l e   f e a t u r e s   c o m m o n   t o   P a a S   o f f e r i n g s ,   s u c h   a s   d e p l o y m e n t ,   s c a l i n g ,   l o a d   b a l a n c i n g ,   a n d   l e t s   u s e r s   i n t e g r a t e   t h e i r   l o g g i n g ,   m o n i t o r i n g ,   a n d   a l e r t i n g   s o l u t i o n s .   H o w e v e r ,   K u b e r n e t e s   i s   n o t   m o n o l i t h i c ,   a n d   t h e s e   d e f a u l t   s o l u t i o n s   a r e   o p t i o n a l   a n d   p l u g g a b l e .   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o v i d e s   t h e   b u i l d i n g   b l o c k s   f o r   b u i l d i n g   d e v e l o p e r   p l a t f o r m s ,   b u t   p r e s e r v e s   u s e r   c h o i c e   a n d   f l e x i b i l i t y   w h e r e   i t   i s   i m p o r t a n t .   K u b e r n e t e s :   D o e s   n o t   l i m i t   t h e   t y p e s   o f   a p p l i c a t i o n s   s u p p o r t e d .   K u b e r n e t e s   a i m s   t o   s u p p o r t   a n   e x t r e m e l y   d i v e r s e   v a r i e t y   o f   w o r k l o a d s ,   i n c l u d i n g   s t a t e l e s s ,   s t a t e f u l ,   a n d   d a t a - p r o c e s s i n g   w o r k l o a d s .   I f   a n   a p p l i c a t i o n   c a n   r u n   i n   a   c o n t a i n e r ,   i t   s h o u l d   r u n   g r e a t   o n   K u b e r n e t e s . D o e s   n o t   d e p l o y   s o u r c e   c o d e   a n d   d o e s   n o t   b u i l d   y o u r   a p p l i c a t i o n .   C o n t i n u o u s   I n t e g r a t i o n ,   D e l i v e r y ,   a n d   D e p l o y m e n t   ( C I / C D )   w o r k f l o w s


Question: What is Historical context for Kubernetes?

Answer: L e t ' s   t a k e   a   l o o k   a t   w h y   K u b e r n e t e s   i s   s o   u s e f u l   b y   g o i n g   b a c k   i n   t i m e .   T r a d i t i o n a l   d e p l o y m e n t   e r a :   E a r l y   o n ,   o r g a n i z a t i o n s   r a n   a p p l i c a t i o n s   o n   p h y s i c a l   s e r v e r s .   T h e r e   w a s   n o   w a y   t o   d e f i n e   r e s o u r c e   b o u n d a r i e s   f o r   a p p l i c a t i o n s   i n   a   p h y s i c a l   s e r v e r ,   a n d   t h i s   c a u s e d   r e s o u r c e   a l l o c a t i o n   i s s u e s .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   i f   m u l t i p l e   a p p l i c a t i o n s   r u n   o n   a   p h y s i c a l   s e r v e r ,   t h e r e   c a n   b e   i n s t a n c e s   w h e r e   o n e   a p p l i c a t i o n   w o u l d   t a k e   u p   m o s t   o f   t h e   r e s o u r c e s ,   a n d   a s   a   r e s u l t ,   t h e   o t h e r   a p p l i c a t i o n s   w o u l d   u n d e r p e r f o r m .   A   s o l u t i o n   f o r   t h i s   w o u l d   b e   t o   r u n   e a c h   a p p l i c a t i o n   o n   a   d i f f e r e n t   p h y s i c a l   s e r v e r .   B u t   t h i s   d i d   n o t   s c a l e   a s   r e s o u r c e s   w e r e   u n d e r u t i l i z e d ,   a n d   i t   w a s   e x p e n s i v e   f o r   o r g a n i z a t i o n s   t o   m a i n t a i n   m a n y   p h y s i c a l   s e r v e r s .   V i r t u a l i z e d   d e p l o y m e n t   e r a :   A s   a   s o l u t i o n ,   v i r t u a l i z a t i o n   w a s   i n t r o d u c e d .   I t   a l l o w s   y o u   t o   r u n   m u l t i p l e   V i r t u a l   M a c h i n e s   ( V M s )   o n   a   s i n g l e   p h y s i c a l   s e r v e r ' s   C P U .   V i r t u a l i z a t i o n   a l l o w s   a p p l i c a t i o n s   t o   b e   i s o l a t e d   b e t w e e n   V M s   a n d   p r o v i d e s   a   l e v e l   o f   s e c u r i t y   a s   t h e   i n f o r m a t i o n   o f   o n e   a p p l


Question: What is What's next?

Answer: T a k e   a   l o o k   a t   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   C o m p o n e n t s T a k e   a   l o o k   a t   t h e   T h e   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I T a k e   a   l o o k   a t   t h e   C l u s t e r   A r c h i t e c t u r e R e a d y   t o   G e t   S t a r t e d ?


Question: What is 1 - Kubernetes Components?

Answer: T h i s   p a g e   p r o v i d e s   a   h i g h - l e v e l   o v e r v i e w   o f   t h e   e s s e n t i a l   c o m p o n e n t s   t h a t   m a k e   u p   a   K u b e r n e t e s   c l u s t e r .   T h e   c o m p o n e n t s   o f   a   K u b e r n e t e s   c l u s t e r