Question: What is kubectl set env?

Answer: kubectl set envSynopsisUpdate environment variables on a pod template.List environment variable definitions in one or more pods, pod templates. Add, update, or remove container environment variable definitions in one or more pod templates (within replication controllers or deployment configurations). View or modify the environment variable definitions on all containers in the specified pods or pod templates, or just those that match a wildcard.If "--env -" is passed, environment variables can be read from STDIN using the standard env syntax.Possible resources include (case insensitive): pod (po), replicationcontroller (rc), deployment (deploy), daemonset (ds), statefulset (sts), cronjob (cj), replicaset (rs) kubectl set env RESOURCE/NAME KEY_1=VAL_1 ... KEY_N=VAL_N Examples # Update deployment 'registry' with a new environment variable kubectl set env deployment/registry STORAGE_DIR=/local # List the environment variables defined on a deployments 'sample-build' kubectl set env deployment/sample-build --list # List the environment variables defined on all pods kubectl set env pods --all --list # Output modified deployment in YAML, and does not alter the object on the server kubectl set env deployment/sample-build STORAGE_DIR=/data -o yaml # Update all containers in all replication controllers in the project to have ENV=prod kubectl set env rc --all ENV=prod # Import environment from a secret kubectl set env --from=secret/mysecret deployment/myapp # Import environment from a config map with a prefix kubectl set env --from=configmap/myconfigmap --prefix=MYSQL_ deployment/myapp # Import specific keys from a config map kubectl set env --keys=my-example-key --from=configmap/myconfigmap deployment/myapp # Remove the environment variable ENV from container 'c1' in all deployment configs kubectl set env deployments --all --containers="c1" ENV- # Remove the environment variable ENV from a deployment definition on disk and # update the deployment config on the server kubectl set env -f deploy.json ENV- # Set some of the local shell environment into a deployment config on the server env | grep RAILS_ | kubectl set env -e - deployment/registry Options--allIf true, select all resources in the namespace of the specified resource types--allow-missing-template-keys Default: trueIf true, ignore any errors in templates when a field or map key is missing in the template. Only applies to golang and jsonpath output formats.-c, --containers string Default: "*"The names of containers in the selected pod templates to change - may use wildcards--dry-run string[="unchanged"] Default: "none"Must be "none", "server", or "client". If client strategy, only print the object that would be sent, without sending it. If server strategy, submit server-side request without persisting the resource.-e, --env stringsSpecify a key-value pair for an environment variable to set into each container.--field-manager string Default: "kubectl-set"Name of the manager used to track field ownershi


Question: How does kubectl set env work?

Answer: kubectl set envSynopsisUpdate environment variables on a pod template.List environment variable definitions in one or more pods, pod templates. Add, update, or remove container environment variable definitions in one or more pod templates (within replication controllers or deployment configurations). View or modify the environment variable definitions on all containers in the specified pods or pod templates, or just those that match a wildcard.If "--env -" is passed, environment variables can be read from STDIN using the standard env syntax.Possible resources include (case insensitive): pod (po), replicationcontroller (rc), deployment (deploy), daemonset (ds), statefulset (sts), cronjob (cj), replicaset (rs) kubectl set env RESOURCE/NAME KEY_1=VAL_1 ... KEY_N=VAL_N Examples # Update deployment 'registry' with a new environment variable kubectl set env deployment/registry STORAGE_DIR=/local # List the environment variables defined on a deployments 'sample-build' kubectl set env deployment/sample-build --list # List the environment variables defined on all pods kubectl set env pods --all --list # Output modified deployment in YAML, and does not alter the object on the server kubectl set env deployment/sample-build STORAGE_DIR=/data -o yaml # Update all containers in all replication controllers in the project to have ENV=prod kubectl set env rc --all ENV=prod # Import environment from a secret kubectl set env --from=secret/mysecret deployment/myapp # Import environment from a config map with a prefix kubectl set env --from=configmap/myconfigmap --prefix=MYSQL_ deployment/myapp # Import specific keys from a config map kubectl set env --keys=my-example-key --from=configmap/myconfigmap deployment/myapp # Remove the environment variable ENV from container 'c1' in all deployment configs kubectl set env deployments --all --containers="c1" ENV- # Remove the environment variable ENV from a deployment definition on disk and # update the deployment config on the server kubectl set env -f deploy.json ENV- # Set some of the local shell environment into a deployment config on the server env | grep RAILS_ | kubectl set env -e - deployment/registry Options--allIf true, select all resources in the namespace of the specified resource types--allow-missing-template-keys Default: trueIf true, ignore any errors in templates when a field or map key is missing in the template. Only applies to golang and jsonpath output formats.-c, --containers string Default: "*"The names of containers in the selected pod templates to change - may use wildcards--dry-run string[="unchanged"] Default: "none"Must be "none", "server", or "client". If client strategy, only print the object that would be sent, without sending it. If server strategy, submit server-side request without persisting the resource.-e, --env stringsSpecify a key-value pair for an environment variable to set into each container.--field-manager string Default: "kubectl-set"Name of the manager used to track field ownershi


Question: When would you use kubectl set env?

Answer: kubectl set envSynopsisUpdate environment variables on a pod template.List environment variable definitions in one or more pods, pod templates. Add, update, or remove container environment variable definitions in one or more pod templates (within replication controllers or deployment configurations). View or modify the environment variable definitions on all containers in the specified pods or pod templates, or just those that match a wildcard.If "--env -" is passed, environment variables can be read from STDIN using the standard env syntax.Possible resources include (case insensitive): pod (po), replicationcontroller (rc), deployment (deploy), daemonset (ds), statefulset (sts), cronjob (cj), replicaset (rs) kubectl set env RESOURCE/NAME KEY_1=VAL_1 ... KEY_N=VAL_N Examples # Update deployment 'registry' with a new environment variable kubectl set env deployment/registry STORAGE_DIR=/local # List the environment variables defined on a deployments 'sample-build' kubectl set env deployment/sample-build --list # List the environment variables defined on all pods kubectl set env pods --all --list # Output modified deployment in YAML, and does not alter the object on the server kubectl set env deployment/sample-build STORAGE_DIR=/data -o yaml # Update all containers in all replication controllers in the project to have ENV=prod kubectl set env rc --all ENV=prod # Import environment from a secret kubectl set env --from=secret/mysecret deployment/myapp # Import environment from a config map with a prefix kubectl set env --from=configmap/myconfigmap --prefix=MYSQL_ deployment/myapp # Import specific keys from a config map kubectl set env --keys=my-example-key --from=configmap/myconfigmap deployment/myapp # Remove the environment variable ENV from container 'c1' in all deployment configs kubectl set env deployments --all --containers="c1" ENV- # Remove the environment variable ENV from a deployment definition on disk and # update the deployment config on the server kubectl set env -f deploy.json ENV- # Set some of the local shell environment into a deployment config on the server env | grep RAILS_ | kubectl set env -e - deployment/registry Options--allIf true, select all resources in the namespace of the specified resource types--allow-missing-template-keys Default: trueIf true, ignore any errors in templates when a field or map key is missing in the template. Only applies to golang and jsonpath output formats.-c, --containers string Default: "*"The names of containers in the selected pod templates to change - may use wildcards--dry-run string[="unchanged"] Default: "none"Must be "none", "server", or "client". If client strategy, only print the object that would be sent, without sending it. If server strategy, submit server-side request without persisting the resource.-e, --env stringsSpecify a key-value pair for an environment variable to set into each container.--field-manager string Default: "kubectl-set"Name of the manager used to track field ownershi


Question: What are the benefits of kubectl set env?

Answer: kubectl set envSynopsisUpdate environment variables on a pod template.List environment variable definitions in one or more pods, pod templates. Add, update, or remove container environment variable definitions in one or more pod templates (within replication controllers or deployment configurations). View or modify the environment variable definitions on all containers in the specified pods or pod templates, or just those that match a wildcard.If "--env -" is passed, environment variables can be read from STDIN using the standard env syntax.Possible resources include (case insensitive): pod (po), replicationcontroller (rc), deployment (deploy), daemonset (ds), statefulset (sts), cronjob (cj), replicaset (rs) kubectl set env RESOURCE/NAME KEY_1=VAL_1 ... KEY_N=VAL_N Examples # Update deployment 'registry' with a new environment variable kubectl set env deployment/registry STORAGE_DIR=/local # List the environment variables defined on a deployments 'sample-build' kubectl set env deployment/sample-build --list # List the environment variables defined on all pods kubectl set env pods --all --list # Output modified deployment in YAML, and does not alter the object on the server kubectl set env deployment/sample-build STORAGE_DIR=/data -o yaml # Update all containers in all replication controllers in the project to have ENV=prod kubectl set env rc --all ENV=prod # Import environment from a secret kubectl set env --from=secret/mysecret deployment/myapp # Import environment from a config map with a prefix kubectl set env --from=configmap/myconfigmap --prefix=MYSQL_ deployment/myapp # Import specific keys from a config map kubectl set env --keys=my-example-key --from=configmap/myconfigmap deployment/myapp # Remove the environment variable ENV from container 'c1' in all deployment configs kubectl set env deployments --all --containers="c1" ENV- # Remove the environment variable ENV from a deployment definition on disk and # update the deployment config on the server kubectl set env -f deploy.json ENV- # Set some of the local shell environment into a deployment config on the server env | grep RAILS_ | kubectl set env -e - deployment/registry Options--allIf true, select all resources in the namespace of the specified resource types--allow-missing-template-keys Default: trueIf true, ignore any errors in templates when a field or map key is missing in the template. Only applies to golang and jsonpath output formats.-c, --containers string Default: "*"The names of containers in the selected pod templates to change - may use wildcards--dry-run string[="unchanged"] Default: "none"Must be "none", "server", or "client". If client strategy, only print the object that would be sent, without sending it. If server strategy, submit server-side request without persisting the resource.-e, --env stringsSpecify a key-value pair for an environment variable to set into each container.--field-manager string Default: "kubectl-set"Name of the manager used to track field ownershi


Question: What is Synopsis?

Answer: U p d a t e   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e s   o n   a   p o d   t e m p l a t e .   L i s t   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e   d e f i n i t i o n s   i n   o n e   o r   m o r e   p o d s ,   p o d   t e m p l a t e s .   A d d ,   u p d a t e ,   o r   r e m o v e   c o n t a i n e r   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e   d e f i n i t i o n s   i n   o n e   o r   m o r e   p o d   t e m p l a t e s   ( w i t h i n   r e p l i c a t i o n   c o n t r o l l e r s   o r   d e p l o y m e n t   c o n f i g u r a t i o n s ) .   V i e w   o r   m o d i f y   t h e   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e   d e f i n i t i o n s   o n   a l l   c o n t a i n e r s   i n   t h e   s p e c i f i e d   p o d s   o r   p o d   t e m p l a t e s ,   o r   j u s t   t h o s e   t h a t   m a t c h   a   w i l d c a r d .   I f   " - - e n v   - "   i s   p a s s e d ,   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e s   c a n   b e   r e a d   f r o m   S T D I N   u s i n g   t h e   s t a n d a r d   e n v   s y n t a x .   P o s s i b l e   r e s o u r c e s   i n c l u d e   ( c a s e   i n s e n s i t i v e ) :   p o d   ( p o ) ,   r e p l i c a t i o n c o n t r o l l e r   ( r c ) ,   d e p l o y m e n t   ( d e p l o y ) ,   d a e m o n s e t   ( d s ) ,   s t a t e f u l s e t   ( s t s ) ,   c r o n j o b   ( c j ) ,   r e p l i c a s e t   ( r s )   k u b e c t l   s e t   e n v   R E S O U R C E / N A M E   K E Y _ 1 = V A L _ 1   . . .   K E Y _ N = V A L _ N


Question: What is Examples?

Answer: #   U p d a t e   d e p l o y m e n t   ' r e g i s t r y '   w i t h   a   n e w   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e   k u b e c t l   s e t   e n v   d e p l o y m e n t / r e g i s t r y   S T O R A G E _ D I R = / l o c a l   #   L i s t   t h e   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e s   d e f i n e d   o n   a   d e p l o y m e n t s   ' s a m p l e - b u i l d '   k u b e c t l   s e t   e n v   d e p l o y m e n t / s a m p l e - b u i l d   - - l i s t   #   L i s t   t h e   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e s   d e f i n e d   o n   a l l   p o d s   k u b e c t l   s e t   e n v   p o d s   - - a l l   - - l i s t   #   O u t p u t   m o d i f i e d   d e p l o y m e n t   i n   Y A M L ,   a n d   d o e s   n o t   a l t e r   t h e   o b j e c t   o n   t h e   s e r v e r   k u b e c t l   s e t   e n v   d e p l o y m e n t / s a m p l e - b u i l d   S T O R A G E _ D I R = / d a t a   - o   y a m l   #   U p d a t e   a l l   c o n t a i n e r s   i n   a l l   r e p l i c a t i o n   c o n t r o l l e r s   i n   t h e   p r o j e c t   t o   h a v e   E N V = p r o d   k u b e c t l   s e t   e n v   r c   - - a l l   E N V = p r o d   #   I m p o r t   e n v i r o n m e n t   f r o m   a   s e c r e t   k u b e c t l   s e t   e n v   - - f r o m = s e c r e t / m y s e c r e t   d e p l o y m e n t / m y a p p   #   I m p o r t   e n v i r o n m e n t   f r o m   a   c o n f i g   m a p   w i t h   a   p r e f i x   k u b e c t l   s e t   e n v   - - f r o m = c o n f i g m a p / m y c o n f i g m a p   - - p r e f i x = M Y S Q L _   d e p l o y m e n t / m y a p p   #   I m p o r t   s p e c i f i c   k e y s   f r o m   a   c o n f i g   m a p   k u b e c t l   s e t   e n v   - - k e y s = m y - e x a m p l e - k e y   - - f r o m = c o n f i g m a p / m y c o n f i g m a p   d e p l o y m e n t / m y a p p   #   R e m o v e   t h e   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e   E N V   f r o m   c o n t a i n e r   ' c 1 '   i


Question: What is Options?

Answer: I f   t r u e ,   s e l e c t   a l l   r e s o u r c e s   i n   t h e   n a m e s p a c e   o f   t h e   s p e c i f i e d   r e s o u r c e   t y p e s   I f   t r u e ,   i g n o r e   a n y   e r r o r s   i n   t e m p l a t e s   w h e n   a   f i e l d   o r   m a p   k e y   i s   m i s s i n g   i n   t h e   t e m p l a t e .   O n l y   a p p l i e s   t o   g o l a n g   a n d   j s o n p a t h   o u t p u t   f o r m a t s .   T h e   n a m e s   o f   c o n t a i n e r s   i n   t h e   s e l e c t e d   p o d   t e m p l a t e s   t o   c h a n g e   -   m a y   u s e   w i l d c a r d s   M u s t   b e   " n o n e " ,   " s e r v e r " ,   o r   " c l i e n t " .   I f   c l i e n t   s t r a t e g y ,   o n l y   p r i n t   t h e   o b j e c t   t h a t   w o u l d   b e   s e n t ,   w i t h o u t   s e n d i n g   i t .   I f   s e r v e r   s t r a t e g y ,   s u b m i t   s e r v e r - s i d e   r e q u e s t   w i t h o u t   p e r s i s t i n g   t h e   r e s o u r c e .   S p e c i f y   a   k e y - v a l u e   p a i r   f o r   a n   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e   t o   s e t   i n t o   e a c h   c o n t a i n e r .   N a m e   o f   t h e   m a n a g e r   u s e d   t o   t r a c k   f i e l d   o w n e r s h i p .   F i l e n a m e ,   d i r e c t o r y ,   o r   U R L   t o   f i l e s   t h e   r e s o u r c e   t o   u p d a t e   t h e   e n v   T h e   n a m e   o f   a   r e s o u r c e   f r o m   w h i c h   t o   i n j e c t   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e s   h e l p   f o r   e n v   C o m m a - s e p a r a t e d   l i s t   o f   k e y s   t o   i m p o r t   f r o m   s p e c i f i e d   r e s o u r c e   P r o c e s s   t h e   k u s t o m i z a t i o n   d i r e c t o r y .   T h i s   f l a g   c a n ' t   b e   u s e d   t o g e t h e r   w i t h   - f   o r   - R .   I f   t r u e ,   d i s p l a y   t h e   e n v i r o n m e n t   a n d   a n y   c h a n g e s   i n   t h e   s t a n d a r d


Question: What is Parent Options Inherited?

Answer: U s e r n a m e   t o   i m p e r s o n a t e   f o r   t h e   o p e r a t i o n .   U s e r   c o u l d   b e   a   r e g u l a r   u s e r   o r   a   s e r v i c e   a c c o u n t   i n   a   n a m e s p a c e .   G r o u p   t o   i m p e r s o n a t e   f o r   t h e   o p e r a t i o n ,   t h i s   f l a g   c a n   b e   r e p e a t e d   t o   s p e c i f y   m u l t i p l e   g r o u p s .   U I D   t o   i m p e r s o n a t e   f o r   t h e   o p e r a t i o n .   D e f a u l t   c a c h e   d i r e c t o r y   P a t h   t o   a   c e r t   f i l e   f o r   t h e   c e r t i f i c a t e   a u t h o r i t y   P a t h   t o   a   c l i e n t   c e r t i f i c a t e   f i l e   f o r   T L S   P a t h   t o   a   c l i e n t   k e y   f i l e   f o r   T L S   T h e   n a m e   o f   t h e   k u b e c o n f i g   c l u s t e r   t o   u s e   T h e   n a m e   o f   t h e   k u b e c o n f i g   c o n t e x t   t o   u s e   I f   t r u e ,   o p t - o u t   o f   r e s p o n s e   c o m p r e s s i o n   f o r   a l l   r e q u e s t s   t o   t h e   s e r v e r   I f   t r u e ,   t h e   s e r v e r ' s   c e r t i f i c a t e   w i l l   n o t   b e   c h e c k e d   f o r   v a l i d i t y .   T h i s   w i l l   m a k e   y o u r   H T T P S   c o n n e c t i o n s   i n s e c u r e   P a t h   t o   t h e   k u b e c o n f i g   f i l e   t o   u s e   f o r   C L I   r e q u e s t s .   P a t h   t o   t h e   k u b e r c   f i l e   t o   u s e   f o r   p r e f e r e n c e s .   T h i s   c a n   b e   d i s a b l e d   b y   e x p o r t i n g   K U B E C T L _ K U B E R C = f a l s e   f e a t u r e   g a t e   o r   t u r n i n g   o f f   t h e   f e a t u r e   K U B E R C = o f f .   R e q u i r e   s e r v e r   v e r s i o n   t o   m a t c h   c l i e n t   v e r s i o n   I f   p r e s e n t ,   t h e   n a m e s p a c e   s c o p e   f o r   t h i s   C L I   r e q u e s t   P a s s w o r d   f o r   b a s i c   a u t h e n t i c a t


Question: What is See Also?

Answer: k u b e c t l   s e t   -   S e t   s p e c i f i c   f e a t u r e s   o n   o b j e c t s   T h i s   p a g e   i s   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   g e n e r a t e d .   I f   y o u   p l a n   t o   r e p o r t   a n   i s s u e   w i t h   t h i s   p a g e ,   m e n t i o n   t h a t   t h e   p a g e   i s   a u t o - g e n e r a t e d   i n   y o u r   i s s u e   d e s c r i p t i o n .   T h e   f i x   m a y   n e e d   t o   h a p p e n   e l s e w h e r e   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t .


Question: What is Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue?

Answer: Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work QueueIn this example, you will run a Kubernetes Job that runs multiple parallel tasks as worker processes, each running as a separate Pod.In this example, as each pod is created, it picks up one unit of work from a task queue, processes it, and repeats until the end of the queue is reached.Here is an overview of the steps in this example:Start a storage service to hold the work queue. In this example, you will use Redis to store work items. In the previous example, you used RabbitMQ. In this example, you will use Redis and a custom work-queue client library; this is because AMQP does not provide a good way for clients to detect when a finite-length work queue is empty. In practice you would set up a store such as Redis once and reuse it for the work queues of many jobs, and other things.Create a queue, and fill it with messages. Each message represents one task to be done. In this example, a message is an integer that we will do a lengthy computation on.Start a Job that works on tasks from the queue. The Job starts several pods. Each pod takes one task from the message queue, processes it, and repeats until the end of the queue is reached.Before you beginYou need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. It is recommended to run this tutorial on a cluster with at least two nodes that are not acting as control plane hosts. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using minikube or you can use one of these Kubernetes playgrounds:iximiuz LabsKillercodaKodeKloudPlay with KubernetesYou will need a container image registry where you can upload images to run in your cluster. The example uses Docker Hub, but you could adapt it to a different container image registry.This task example also assumes that you have Docker installed locally. You use Docker to build container images.Be familiar with the basic, non-parallel, use of Job.Starting RedisFor this example, for simplicity, you will start a single instance of Redis. See the Redis Example for an example of deploying Redis scalably and redundantly.You could also download the following files directly:redis-pod.yamlredis-service.yamlDockerfilejob.yamlrediswq.pyworker.pyTo start a single instance of Redis, you need to create the redis pod and redis service:kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/job/redis/redis-pod.yaml kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/job/redis/redis-service.yaml Filling the queue with tasksNow let's fill the queue with some "tasks". In this example, the tasks are strings to be printed.Start a temporary interactive pod for running the Redis CLI.kubectl run -i --tty temp --image redis --command "/bin/sh" Waiting for pod default/redis2-c7h78 to be running, status is Pending, pod ready: false Hit enter for command prompt Now hit enter, start the Redis CLI, and create a list with some work items in it.redis-cli -h redis redis:6379>


Question: How does Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue work?

Answer: Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work QueueIn this example, you will run a Kubernetes Job that runs multiple parallel tasks as worker processes, each running as a separate Pod.In this example, as each pod is created, it picks up one unit of work from a task queue, processes it, and repeats until the end of the queue is reached.Here is an overview of the steps in this example:Start a storage service to hold the work queue. In this example, you will use Redis to store work items. In the previous example, you used RabbitMQ. In this example, you will use Redis and a custom work-queue client library; this is because AMQP does not provide a good way for clients to detect when a finite-length work queue is empty. In practice you would set up a store such as Redis once and reuse it for the work queues of many jobs, and other things.Create a queue, and fill it with messages. Each message represents one task to be done. In this example, a message is an integer that we will do a lengthy computation on.Start a Job that works on tasks from the queue. The Job starts several pods. Each pod takes one task from the message queue, processes it, and repeats until the end of the queue is reached.Before you beginYou need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. It is recommended to run this tutorial on a cluster with at least two nodes that are not acting as control plane hosts. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using minikube or you can use one of these Kubernetes playgrounds:iximiuz LabsKillercodaKodeKloudPlay with KubernetesYou will need a container image registry where you can upload images to run in your cluster. The example uses Docker Hub, but you could adapt it to a different container image registry.This task example also assumes that you have Docker installed locally. You use Docker to build container images.Be familiar with the basic, non-parallel, use of Job.Starting RedisFor this example, for simplicity, you will start a single instance of Redis. See the Redis Example for an example of deploying Redis scalably and redundantly.You could also download the following files directly:redis-pod.yamlredis-service.yamlDockerfilejob.yamlrediswq.pyworker.pyTo start a single instance of Redis, you need to create the redis pod and redis service:kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/job/redis/redis-pod.yaml kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/job/redis/redis-service.yaml Filling the queue with tasksNow let's fill the queue with some "tasks". In this example, the tasks are strings to be printed.Start a temporary interactive pod for running the Redis CLI.kubectl run -i --tty temp --image redis --command "/bin/sh" Waiting for pod default/redis2-c7h78 to be running, status is Pending, pod ready: false Hit enter for command prompt Now hit enter, start the Redis CLI, and create a list with some work items in it.redis-cli -h redis redis:6379>


Question: When would you use Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue?

Answer: Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work QueueIn this example, you will run a Kubernetes Job that runs multiple parallel tasks as worker processes, each running as a separate Pod.In this example, as each pod is created, it picks up one unit of work from a task queue, processes it, and repeats until the end of the queue is reached.Here is an overview of the steps in this example:Start a storage service to hold the work queue. In this example, you will use Redis to store work items. In the previous example, you used RabbitMQ. In this example, you will use Redis and a custom work-queue client library; this is because AMQP does not provide a good way for clients to detect when a finite-length work queue is empty. In practice you would set up a store such as Redis once and reuse it for the work queues of many jobs, and other things.Create a queue, and fill it with messages. Each message represents one task to be done. In this example, a message is an integer that we will do a lengthy computation on.Start a Job that works on tasks from the queue. The Job starts several pods. Each pod takes one task from the message queue, processes it, and repeats until the end of the queue is reached.Before you beginYou need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. It is recommended to run this tutorial on a cluster with at least two nodes that are not acting as control plane hosts. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using minikube or you can use one of these Kubernetes playgrounds:iximiuz LabsKillercodaKodeKloudPlay with KubernetesYou will need a container image registry where you can upload images to run in your cluster. The example uses Docker Hub, but you could adapt it to a different container image registry.This task example also assumes that you have Docker installed locally. You use Docker to build container images.Be familiar with the basic, non-parallel, use of Job.Starting RedisFor this example, for simplicity, you will start a single instance of Redis. See the Redis Example for an example of deploying Redis scalably and redundantly.You could also download the following files directly:redis-pod.yamlredis-service.yamlDockerfilejob.yamlrediswq.pyworker.pyTo start a single instance of Redis, you need to create the redis pod and redis service:kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/job/redis/redis-pod.yaml kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/job/redis/redis-service.yaml Filling the queue with tasksNow let's fill the queue with some "tasks". In this example, the tasks are strings to be printed.Start a temporary interactive pod for running the Redis CLI.kubectl run -i --tty temp --image redis --command "/bin/sh" Waiting for pod default/redis2-c7h78 to be running, status is Pending, pod ready: false Hit enter for command prompt Now hit enter, start the Redis CLI, and create a list with some work items in it.redis-cli -h redis redis:6379>


Question: What are the benefits of Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue?

Answer: Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work QueueIn this example, you will run a Kubernetes Job that runs multiple parallel tasks as worker processes, each running as a separate Pod.In this example, as each pod is created, it picks up one unit of work from a task queue, processes it, and repeats until the end of the queue is reached.Here is an overview of the steps in this example:Start a storage service to hold the work queue. In this example, you will use Redis to store work items. In the previous example, you used RabbitMQ. In this example, you will use Redis and a custom work-queue client library; this is because AMQP does not provide a good way for clients to detect when a finite-length work queue is empty. In practice you would set up a store such as Redis once and reuse it for the work queues of many jobs, and other things.Create a queue, and fill it with messages. Each message represents one task to be done. In this example, a message is an integer that we will do a lengthy computation on.Start a Job that works on tasks from the queue. The Job starts several pods. Each pod takes one task from the message queue, processes it, and repeats until the end of the queue is reached.Before you beginYou need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. It is recommended to run this tutorial on a cluster with at least two nodes that are not acting as control plane hosts. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using minikube or you can use one of these Kubernetes playgrounds:iximiuz LabsKillercodaKodeKloudPlay with KubernetesYou will need a container image registry where you can upload images to run in your cluster. The example uses Docker Hub, but you could adapt it to a different container image registry.This task example also assumes that you have Docker installed locally. You use Docker to build container images.Be familiar with the basic, non-parallel, use of Job.Starting RedisFor this example, for simplicity, you will start a single instance of Redis. See the Redis Example for an example of deploying Redis scalably and redundantly.You could also download the following files directly:redis-pod.yamlredis-service.yamlDockerfilejob.yamlrediswq.pyworker.pyTo start a single instance of Redis, you need to create the redis pod and redis service:kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/job/redis/redis-pod.yaml kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/job/redis/redis-service.yaml Filling the queue with tasksNow let's fill the queue with some "tasks". In this example, the tasks are strings to be printed.Start a temporary interactive pod for running the Redis CLI.kubectl run -i --tty temp --image redis --command "/bin/sh" Waiting for pod default/redis2-c7h78 to be running, status is Pending, pod ready: false Hit enter for command prompt Now hit enter, start the Redis CLI, and create a list with some work items in it.redis-cli -h redis redis:6379>


Question: What is Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue?

Answer: I n   t h i s   e x a m p l e ,   y o u   w i l l   r u n   a   K u b e r n e t e s   J o b   t h a t   r u n s   m u l t i p l e   p a r a l l e l   t a s k s   a s   w o r k e r   p r o c e s s e s ,   e a c h   r u n n i n g   a s   a   s e p a r a t e   P o d .   I n   t h i s   e x a m p l e ,   a s   e a c h   p o d   i s   c r e a t e d ,   i t   p i c k s   u p   o n e   u n i t   o f   w o r k   f r o m   a   t a s k   q u e u e ,   p r o c e s s e s   i t ,   a n d   r e p e a t s   u n t i l   t h e   e n d   o f   t h e   q u e u e   i s   r e a c h e d .   H e r e   i s   a n   o v e r v i e w   o f   t h e   s t e p s   i n   t h i s   e x a m p l e :   S t a r t   a   s t o r a g e   s e r v i c e   t o   h o l d   t h e   w o r k   q u e u e .   I n   t h i s   e x a m p l e ,   y o u   w i l l   u s e   R e d i s   t o   s t o r e   w o r k   i t e m s .   I n   t h e   p r e v i o u s   e x a m p l e ,   y o u   u s e d   R a b b i t M Q .   I n   t h i s   e x a m p l e ,   y o u   w i l l   u s e   R e d i s   a n d   a   c u s t o m   w o r k - q u e u e   c l i e n t   l i b r a r y ;   t h i s   i s   b e c a u s e   A M Q P   d o e s   n o t   p r o v i d e   a   g o o d   w a y   f o r   c l i e n t s   t o   d e t e c t   w h e n   a   f i n i t e - l e n g t h   w o r k   q u e u e   i s   e m p t y .   I n   p r a c t i c e   y o u   w o u l d   s e t   u p   a   s t o r e   s u c h   a s   R e d i s   o n c e   a n d   r e u s e   i t   f o r   t h e   w o r k   q u e u e s   o f   m a n y   j o b s ,   a n d   o t h e r   t h i n g s . C r e a t e   a   q u e u e ,   a n d   f i l l   i t   w i t h   m e s s a g e s .   E a c h   m e s s a g e   r e p r e s e n t s   o n e   t a s k   t o   b e   d o n e .   I n   t h i s   e x a m p l e ,   a   m e s s a g e   i s   a n   i n t e g e r   t h a t   w e   w i l l   d o   a   l e n g t h y   c o m p u t a t i o n   o n . S t a r t   a   J o b   t h a t   w o r k s   o n   t a s k s   f r


Question: What is Before you begin?

Answer: Y o u   n e e d   t o   h a v e   a   K u b e r n e t e s   c l u s t e r ,   a n d   t h e   k u b e c t l   c o m m a n d - l i n e   t o o l   m u s t   b e   c o n f i g u r e d   t o   c o m m u n i c a t e   w i t h   y o u r   c l u s t e r .   I t   i s   r e c o m m e n d e d   t o   r u n   t h i s   t u t o r i a l   o n   a   c l u s t e r   w i t h   a t   l e a s t   t w o   n o d e s   t h a t   a r e   n o t   a c t i n g   a s   c o n t r o l   p l a n e   h o s t s .   I f   y o u   d o   n o t   a l r e a d y   h a v e   a   c l u s t e r ,   y o u   c a n   c r e a t e   o n e   b y   u s i n g   m i n i k u b e   o r   y o u   c a n   u s e   o n e   o f   t h e s e   K u b e r n e t e s   p l a y g r o u n d s :   i x i m i u z   L a b s K i l l e r c o d a K o d e K l o u d P l a y   w i t h   K u b e r n e t e s   Y o u   w i l l   n e e d   a   c o n t a i n e r   i m a g e   r e g i s t r y   w h e r e   y o u   c a n   u p l o a d   i m a g e s   t o   r u n   i n   y o u r   c l u s t e r .   T h e   e x a m p l e   u s e s   D o c k e r   H u b ,   b u t   y o u   c o u l d   a d a p t   i t   t o   a   d i f f e r e n t   c o n t a i n e r   i m a g e   r e g i s t r y .   T h i s   t a s k   e x a m p l e   a l s o   a s s u m e s   t h a t   y o u   h a v e   D o c k e r   i n s t a l l e d   l o c a l l y .   Y o u   u s e   D o c k e r   t o   b u i l d   c o n t a i n e r   i m a g e s .   B e   f a m i l i a r   w i t h   t h e   b a s i c ,   n o n - p a r a l l e l ,   u s e   o f   J o b .


Question: What is Starting Redis?

Answer: F o r   t h i s   e x a m p l e ,   f o r   s i m p l i c i t y ,   y o u   w i l l   s t a r t   a   s i n g l e   i n s t a n c e   o f   R e d i s .   S e e   t h e   R e d i s   E x a m p l e   f o r   a n   e x a m p l e   o f   d e p l o y i n g   R e d i s   s c a l a b l y   a n d   r e d u n d a n t l y .   Y o u   c o u l d   a l s o   d o w n l o a d   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   f i l e s   d i r e c t l y :   r e d i s - p o d . y a m l r e d i s - s e r v i c e . y a m l D o c k e r f i l e j o b . y a m l r e d i s w q . p y w o r k e r . p y   T o   s t a r t   a   s i n g l e   i n s t a n c e   o f   R e d i s ,   y o u   n e e d   t o   c r e a t e   t h e   r e d i s   p o d   a n d   r e d i s   s e r v i c e :   k u b e c t l   a p p l y   - f   h t t p s : / / k 8 s . i o / e x a m p l e s / a p p l i c a t i o n / j o b / r e d i s / r e d i s - p o d . y a m l   k u b e c t l   a p p l y   - f   h t t p s : / / k 8 s . i o / e x a m p l e s / a p p l i c a t i o n / j o b / r e d i s / r e d i s - s e r v i c e . y a m l


Question: What is Filling the queue with tasks?

Answer: N o w   l e t ' s   f i l l   t h e   q u e u e   w i t h   s o m e   " t a s k s " .   I n   t h i s   e x a m p l e ,   t h e   t a s k s   a r e   s t r i n g s   t o   b e   p r i n t e d .   S t a r t   a   t e m p o r a r y   i n t e r a c t i v e   p o d   f o r   r u n n i n g   t h e   R e d i s   C L I .   k u b e c t l   r u n   - i   - - t t y   t e m p   - - i m a g e   r e d i s   - - c o m m a n d   " / b i n / s h "   W a i t i n g   f o r   p o d   d e f a u l t / r e d i s 2 - c 7 h 7 8   t o   b e   r u n n i n g ,   s t a t u s   i s   P e n d i n g ,   p o d   r e a d y :   f a l s e   H i t   e n t e r   f o r   c o m m a n d   p r o m p t   N o w   h i t   e n t e r ,   s t a r t   t h e   R e d i s   C L I ,   a n d   c r e a t e   a   l i s t   w i t h   s o m e   w o r k   i t e m s   i n   i t .   r e d i s - c l i   - h   r e d i s   r e d i s : 6 3 7 9 >   r p u s h   j o b 2   " a p p l e "   ( i n t e g e r )   1   r e d i s : 6 3 7 9 >   r p u s h   j o b 2   " b a n a n a "   ( i n t e g e r )   2   r e d i s : 6 3 7 9 >   r p u s h   j o b 2   " c h e r r y "   ( i n t e g e r )   3   r e d i s : 6 3 7 9 >   r p u s h   j o b 2   " d a t e "   ( i n t e g e r )   4   r e d i s : 6 3 7 9 >   r p u s h   j o b 2   " f i g "   ( i n t e g e r )   5   r e d i s : 6 3 7 9 >   r p u s h   j o b 2   " g r a p e "   ( i n t e g e r )   6   r e d i s : 6 3 7 9 >   r p u s h   j o b 2   " l e m o n "   ( i n t e g e r )   7   r e d i s : 6 3 7 9 >   r p u s h   j o b 2   " m e l o n "   ( i n t e g e r )   8   r e d i s : 6 3 7 9 >   r p u s h   j o b 2   " o r a n g e "   ( i n t e g e r )   9   r e d i s : 6 3 7 9 >   l r a n g e   j o b 2   0   - 1   1 )   " a p p l e "   2 )   " b a n a n a "   3 )   " c h e r r y "   4 )   " d a t e "   5 )   " f i g "   6 )   " g r a p e "   7 )   " l e m o n "   8 )   " m e l o n "   9 )   " o r a n g e "   S o ,   t h e   l i s t   w i t h   k e y   j o b 2   w i l l   b e   t h e   w o r k   q u e u


Question: What is Create a container image?

Answer: N o w   y o u   a r e   r e a d y   t o   c r e a t e   a n   i m a g e   t h a t   w i l l   p r o c e s s   t h e   w o r k   i n   t h a t   q u e u e .   Y o u ' r e   g o i n g   t o   u s e   a   P y t h o n   w o r k e r   p r o g r a m   w i t h   a   R e d i s   c l i e n t   t o   r e a d   t h e   m e s s a g e s   f r o m   t h e   m e s s a g e   q u e u e .   A   s i m p l e   R e d i s   w o r k   q u e u e   c l i e n t   l i b r a r y   i s   p r o v i d e d ,   c a l l e d   r e d i s w q . p y   ( D o w n l o a d ) .   T h e   " w o r k e r "   p r o g r a m   i n   e a c h   P o d   o f   t h e   J o b   u s e s   t h e   w o r k   q u e u e   c l i e n t   l i b r a r y   t o   g e t   w o r k .   H e r e   i t   i s :   # ! / u s r / b i n / e n v   p y t h o n   i m p o r t   t i m e   i m p o r t   r e d i s w q   h o s t = " r e d i s "   #   U n c o m m e n t   n e x t   t w o   l i n e s   i f   y o u   d o   n o t   h a v e   K u b e - D N S   w o r k i n g .   #   i m p o r t   o s   #   h o s t   =   o s . g e t e n v ( " R E D I S _ S E R V I C E _ H O S T " )   q   =   r e d i s w q . R e d i s W Q ( n a m e = " j o b 2 " ,   h o s t = h o s t )   p r i n t ( " W o r k e r   w i t h   s e s s i o n I D :   "   +   q . s e s s i o n I D ( ) )   p r i n t ( " I n i t i a l   q u e u e   s t a t e :   e m p t y = "   +   s t r ( q . e m p t y ( ) ) )   w h i l e   n o t   q . e m p t y ( ) :   i t e m   =   q . l e a s e ( l e a s e _ s e c s = 1 0 ,   b l o c k = T r u e ,   t i m e o u t = 2 )   i f   i t e m   i s   n o t   N o n e :   i t e m s t r   =   i t e m . d e c o d e ( " u t f - 8 " )   p r i n t ( " W o r k i n g   o n   "   +   i t e m s t r )   t i m e . s l e e p ( 1 0 )   #   P u t   y o u r   a c t u a l   w o r k   h e r e   i n s t e a d   o f   s l e e p .   q . c o m p l e t e ( i t e m )   e l s e :   p r i n t ( " W a i t i n g   f o r   w o r k " )   p r i n t ( " Q u e u e   e m p t y ,   e x i t i n g " )   Y


Question: What is Push the image?

Answer: F o r   t h e   D o c k e r   H u b ,   t a g   y o u r   a p p   i m a g e   w i t h   y o u r   u s e r n a m e   a n d   p u s h   t o   t h e   H u b   w i t h   t h e   b e l o w   c o m m a n d s .   R e p l a c e   < u s e r n a m e >   w i t h   y o u r   H u b   u s e r n a m e .   d o c k e r   t a g   j o b - w q - 2   < u s e r n a m e > / j o b - w q - 2   d o c k e r   p u s h   < u s e r n a m e > / j o b - w q - 2   Y o u   n e e d   t o   p u s h   t o   a   p u b l i c   r e p o s i t o r y   o r   c o n f i g u r e   y o u r   c l u s t e r   t o   b e   a b l e   t o   a c c e s s   y o u r   p r i v a t e   r e p o s i t o r y .


Question: What is Defining a Job?

Answer: H e r e   i s   a   m a n i f e s t   f o r   t h e   J o b   y o u   w i l l   c r e a t e :   a p i V e r s i o n :   b a t c h / v 1   k i n d :   J o b   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   j o b - w q - 2   s p e c :   p a r a l l e l i s m :   2   t e m p l a t e :   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   j o b - w q - 2   s p e c :   c o n t a i n e r s :   -   n a m e :   c   i m a g e :   g c r . i o / m y p r o j e c t / j o b - w q - 2   r e s t a r t P o l i c y :   O n F a i l u r e


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: I n   t h i s   e x a m p l e ,   e a c h   p o d   w o r k s   o n   s e v e r a l   i t e m s   f r o m   t h e   q u e u e   a n d   t h e n   e x i t s   w h e n   t h e r e   a r e   n o   m o r e   i t e m s .   S i n c e   t h e   w o r k e r s   t h e m s e l v e s   d e t e c t   w h e n   t h e   w o r k q u e u e   i s   e m p t y ,   a n d   t h e   J o b   c o n t r o l l e r   d o e s   n o t   k n o w   a b o u t   t h e   w o r k q u e u e ,   i t   r e l i e s   o n   t h e   w o r k e r s   t o   s i g n a l   w h e n   t h e y   a r e   d o n e   w o r k i n g .   T h e   w o r k e r s   s i g n a l   t h a t   t h e   q u e u e   i s   e m p t y   b y   e x i t i n g   w i t h   s u c c e s s .   S o ,   a s   s o o n   a s   a n y   w o r k e r   e x i t s   w i t h   s u c c e s s ,   t h e   c o n t r o l l e r   k n o w s   t h e   w o r k   i s   d o n e ,   a n d   t h a t   t h e   P o d s   w i l l   e x i t   s o o n .   S o ,   y o u   n e e d   t o   l e a v e   t h e   c o m p l e t i o n   c o u n t   o f   t h e   J o b   u n s e t .   T h e   j o b   c o n t r o l l e r   w i l l   w a i t   f o r   t h e   o t h e r   p o d s   t o   c o m p l e t e   t o o .


Question: What is Running the Job?

Answer: S o ,   n o w   r u n   t h e   J o b :   #   t h i s   a s s u m e s   y o u   d o w n l o a d e d   a n d   t h e n   e d i t e d   t h e   m a n i f e s t   a l r e a d y   k u b e c t l   a p p l y   - f   . / j o b . y a m l   N o w   w a i t   a   b i t ,   t h e n   c h e c k   o n   t h e   J o b :   k u b e c t l   d e s c r i b e   j o b s / j o b - w q - 2   N a m e :   j o b - w q - 2   N a m e s p a c e :   d e f a u l t   S e l e c t o r :   c o n t r o l l e r - u i d = b 1 c 7 e 4 e 3 - 9 2 e 1 - 1 1 e 7 - b 8 5 e - f a 1 6 3 e e 3 c 1 1 f   L a b e l s :   c o n t r o l l e r - u i d = b 1 c 7 e 4 e 3 - 9 2 e 1 - 1 1 e 7 - b 8 5 e - f a 1 6 3 e e 3 c 1 1 f   j o b - n a m e = j o b - w q - 2   A n n o t a t i o n s :   < n o n e >   P a r a l l e l i s m :   2   C o m p l e t i o n s :   < u n s e t >   S t a r t   T i m e :   M o n ,   1 1   J a n   2 0 2 2   1 7 : 0 7 : 5 9   + 0 0 0 0   P o d s   S t a t u s e s :   1   R u n n i n g   /   0   S u c c e e d e d   /   0   F a i l e d   P o d   T e m p l a t e :   L a b e l s :   c o n t r o l l e r - u i d = b 1 c 7 e 4 e 3 - 9 2 e 1 - 1 1 e 7 - b 8 5 e - f a 1 6 3 e e 3 c 1 1 f   j o b - n a m e = j o b - w q - 2   C o n t a i n e r s :   c :   I m a g e :   c o n t a i n e r - r e g i s t r y . e x a m p l e / e x a m p l e p r o j e c t / j o b - w q - 2   P o r t :   E n v i r o n m e n t :   < n o n e >   M o u n t s :   < n o n e >   V o l u m e s :   < n o n e >   E v e n t s :   F i r s t S e e n   L a s t S e e n   C o u n t   F r o m   S u b o b j e c t P a t h   T y p e   R e a s o n   M e s s a g e   - - - - - - - - -   - - - - - - - -   - - - - -   - - - -   - - - - - - - - - - - - -   - - - - - - - -   - - - - - -   - - - - - - -   3 3 s   3 3 s   1   { j o b - c o n t r o l l e r   }   N o r m a l   S u c c e s s f u l C r e a t e   C r e a t e d   p o d :   j o b - w q - 2 - l g l f 8   Y o u   c a n   w a i t   f o r   t h e   J o b   t o   s u c c e e d ,   w i t h   a   t i m e


Question: What is Alternatives?

Answer: I f   r u n n i n g   a   q u e u e   s e r v i c e   o r   m o d i f y i n g   y o u r   c o n t a i n e r s   t o   u s e   a   w o r k   q u e u e   i s   i n c o n v e n i e n t ,   y o u   m a y   w a n t   t o   c o n s i d e r   o n e   o f   t h e   o t h e r   j o b   p a t t e r n s .   I f   y o u   h a v e   a   c o n t i n u o u s   s t r e a m   o f   b a c k g r o u n d   p r o c e s s i n g   w o r k   t o   r u n ,   t h e n   c o n s i d e r   r u n n i n g   y o u r   b a c k g r o u n d   w o r k e r s   w i t h   a   R e p l i c a S e t   i n s t e a d ,   a n d   c o n s i d e r   r u n n i n g   a   b a c k g r o u n d   p r o c e s s i n g   l i b r a r y   s u c h   a s   h t t p s : / / g i t h u b . c o m / r e s q u e / r e s q u e .


Question: What is Official CVE Feed?

Answer: Official CVE FeedFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.27 [beta]This is a community maintained list of official CVEs announced by the Kubernetes Security Response Committee. See Kubernetes Security and Disclosure Information for more details.The Kubernetes project publishes a programmatically accessible feed of published security issues in JSON feed and RSS feed formats. You can access it by executing the following commands:Link to JSON formatcurl -Lv https://k8s.io/docs/reference/issues-security/official-cve-feed/index.json Link to RSS formatcurl -Lv https://k8s.io/docs/reference/issues-security/official-cve-feed/feed.xml Official Kubernetes CVE List (last updated: 27 Sep 2025 10:53:07 UTC)CVE IDIssue SummaryCVE GitHub Issue URLCVE-2025-9708Kubernetes C# Client: improper certificate validation in custom CA mode may lead to man-in-the-middle attacks#134063CVE-2025-7445secrets-store-sync-controller discloses service account tokens in logs#133897CVE-2025-5187Nodes can delete themselves by adding an OwnerReference#133471CVE-2025-7342VM images built with Kubernetes Image Builder Nutanix or OVA providers use default credentials for Windows images if user did not override#133115CVE-2025-4563Nodes can bypass dynamic resource allocation authorization checks#132151CVE-2025-1974ingress-nginx admission controller RCE escalation#131009CVE-2025-1098ingress-nginx controller configuration injection via unsanitized mirror annotations#131008CVE-2025-1097ingress-nginx controller configuration injection via unsanitized auth-tls-match-cn annotation#131007CVE-2025-24514ingress-nginx controller configuration injection via unsanitized auth-url annotation#131006CVE-2025-24513ingress-nginx controller auth secret file path traversal vulnerability#131005CVE-2025-1767GitRepo Volume Inadvertent Local Repository Access#130786CVE-2025-0426Node Denial of Service via kubelet Checkpoint API#130016CVE-2024-9042Command Injection affecting Windows nodes via nodes/*/logs/query API#129654CVE-2024-10220Arbitrary command execution through gitRepo volume#128885CVE-2024-9594VM images built with Image Builder with some providers use default credentials during builds#128007CVE-2024-9486VM images built with Image Builder and Proxmox provider use default credentials#128006CVE-2024-7646Ingress-nginx Annotation Validation Bypass#126744CVE-2024-7598Network restriction bypass via race condition during namespace termination#126587CVE-2024-5321Incorrect permissions on Windows containers logs#126161CVE-2024-3744azure-file-csi-driver discloses service account tokens in logs#124759CVE-2024-3177Bypassing mountable secrets policy imposed by the ServiceAccount admission plugin#124336CVE-2023-5528Insufficient input sanitization in in-tree storage plugin leads to privilege escalation on Windows nodes#121879CVE-2023-5044Code injection via nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/permanent-redirect annotation#126817CVE-2023-5043Ingress nginx annotation injection causes arbitrary command execution#126816CVE-2022-4886ingress-nginx


Question: How does Official CVE Feed work?

Answer: Official CVE FeedFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.27 [beta]This is a community maintained list of official CVEs announced by the Kubernetes Security Response Committee. See Kubernetes Security and Disclosure Information for more details.The Kubernetes project publishes a programmatically accessible feed of published security issues in JSON feed and RSS feed formats. You can access it by executing the following commands:Link to JSON formatcurl -Lv https://k8s.io/docs/reference/issues-security/official-cve-feed/index.json Link to RSS formatcurl -Lv https://k8s.io/docs/reference/issues-security/official-cve-feed/feed.xml Official Kubernetes CVE List (last updated: 27 Sep 2025 10:53:07 UTC)CVE IDIssue SummaryCVE GitHub Issue URLCVE-2025-9708Kubernetes C# Client: improper certificate validation in custom CA mode may lead to man-in-the-middle attacks#134063CVE-2025-7445secrets-store-sync-controller discloses service account tokens in logs#133897CVE-2025-5187Nodes can delete themselves by adding an OwnerReference#133471CVE-2025-7342VM images built with Kubernetes Image Builder Nutanix or OVA providers use default credentials for Windows images if user did not override#133115CVE-2025-4563Nodes can bypass dynamic resource allocation authorization checks#132151CVE-2025-1974ingress-nginx admission controller RCE escalation#131009CVE-2025-1098ingress-nginx controller configuration injection via unsanitized mirror annotations#131008CVE-2025-1097ingress-nginx controller configuration injection via unsanitized auth-tls-match-cn annotation#131007CVE-2025-24514ingress-nginx controller configuration injection via unsanitized auth-url annotation#131006CVE-2025-24513ingress-nginx controller auth secret file path traversal vulnerability#131005CVE-2025-1767GitRepo Volume Inadvertent Local Repository Access#130786CVE-2025-0426Node Denial of Service via kubelet Checkpoint API#130016CVE-2024-9042Command Injection affecting Windows nodes via nodes/*/logs/query API#129654CVE-2024-10220Arbitrary command execution through gitRepo volume#128885CVE-2024-9594VM images built with Image Builder with some providers use default credentials during builds#128007CVE-2024-9486VM images built with Image Builder and Proxmox provider use default credentials#128006CVE-2024-7646Ingress-nginx Annotation Validation Bypass#126744CVE-2024-7598Network restriction bypass via race condition during namespace termination#126587CVE-2024-5321Incorrect permissions on Windows containers logs#126161CVE-2024-3744azure-file-csi-driver discloses service account tokens in logs#124759CVE-2024-3177Bypassing mountable secrets policy imposed by the ServiceAccount admission plugin#124336CVE-2023-5528Insufficient input sanitization in in-tree storage plugin leads to privilege escalation on Windows nodes#121879CVE-2023-5044Code injection via nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/permanent-redirect annotation#126817CVE-2023-5043Ingress nginx annotation injection causes arbitrary command execution#126816CVE-2022-4886ingress-nginx


Question: When would you use Official CVE Feed?

Answer: Official CVE FeedFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.27 [beta]This is a community maintained list of official CVEs announced by the Kubernetes Security Response Committee. See Kubernetes Security and Disclosure Information for more details.The Kubernetes project publishes a programmatically accessible feed of published security issues in JSON feed and RSS feed formats. You can access it by executing the following commands:Link to JSON formatcurl -Lv https://k8s.io/docs/reference/issues-security/official-cve-feed/index.json Link to RSS formatcurl -Lv https://k8s.io/docs/reference/issues-security/official-cve-feed/feed.xml Official Kubernetes CVE List (last updated: 27 Sep 2025 10:53:07 UTC)CVE IDIssue SummaryCVE GitHub Issue URLCVE-2025-9708Kubernetes C# Client: improper certificate validation in custom CA mode may lead to man-in-the-middle attacks#134063CVE-2025-7445secrets-store-sync-controller discloses service account tokens in logs#133897CVE-2025-5187Nodes can delete themselves by adding an OwnerReference#133471CVE-2025-7342VM images built with Kubernetes Image Builder Nutanix or OVA providers use default credentials for Windows images if user did not override#133115CVE-2025-4563Nodes can bypass dynamic resource allocation authorization checks#132151CVE-2025-1974ingress-nginx admission controller RCE escalation#131009CVE-2025-1098ingress-nginx controller configuration injection via unsanitized mirror annotations#131008CVE-2025-1097ingress-nginx controller configuration injection via unsanitized auth-tls-match-cn annotation#131007CVE-2025-24514ingress-nginx controller configuration injection via unsanitized auth-url annotation#131006CVE-2025-24513ingress-nginx controller auth secret file path traversal vulnerability#131005CVE-2025-1767GitRepo Volume Inadvertent Local Repository Access#130786CVE-2025-0426Node Denial of Service via kubelet Checkpoint API#130016CVE-2024-9042Command Injection affecting Windows nodes via nodes/*/logs/query API#129654CVE-2024-10220Arbitrary command execution through gitRepo volume#128885CVE-2024-9594VM images built with Image Builder with some providers use default credentials during builds#128007CVE-2024-9486VM images built with Image Builder and Proxmox provider use default credentials#128006CVE-2024-7646Ingress-nginx Annotation Validation Bypass#126744CVE-2024-7598Network restriction bypass via race condition during namespace termination#126587CVE-2024-5321Incorrect permissions on Windows containers logs#126161CVE-2024-3744azure-file-csi-driver discloses service account tokens in logs#124759CVE-2024-3177Bypassing mountable secrets policy imposed by the ServiceAccount admission plugin#124336CVE-2023-5528Insufficient input sanitization in in-tree storage plugin leads to privilege escalation on Windows nodes#121879CVE-2023-5044Code injection via nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/permanent-redirect annotation#126817CVE-2023-5043Ingress nginx annotation injection causes arbitrary command execution#126816CVE-2022-4886ingress-nginx


Question: What are the benefits of Official CVE Feed?

Answer: Official CVE FeedFEATURE STATE: Kubernetes v1.27 [beta]This is a community maintained list of official CVEs announced by the Kubernetes Security Response Committee. See Kubernetes Security and Disclosure Information for more details.The Kubernetes project publishes a programmatically accessible feed of published security issues in JSON feed and RSS feed formats. You can access it by executing the following commands:Link to JSON formatcurl -Lv https://k8s.io/docs/reference/issues-security/official-cve-feed/index.json Link to RSS formatcurl -Lv https://k8s.io/docs/reference/issues-security/official-cve-feed/feed.xml Official Kubernetes CVE List (last updated: 27 Sep 2025 10:53:07 UTC)CVE IDIssue SummaryCVE GitHub Issue URLCVE-2025-9708Kubernetes C# Client: improper certificate validation in custom CA mode may lead to man-in-the-middle attacks#134063CVE-2025-7445secrets-store-sync-controller discloses service account tokens in logs#133897CVE-2025-5187Nodes can delete themselves by adding an OwnerReference#133471CVE-2025-7342VM images built with Kubernetes Image Builder Nutanix or OVA providers use default credentials for Windows images if user did not override#133115CVE-2025-4563Nodes can bypass dynamic resource allocation authorization checks#132151CVE-2025-1974ingress-nginx admission controller RCE escalation#131009CVE-2025-1098ingress-nginx controller configuration injection via unsanitized mirror annotations#131008CVE-2025-1097ingress-nginx controller configuration injection via unsanitized auth-tls-match-cn annotation#131007CVE-2025-24514ingress-nginx controller configuration injection via unsanitized auth-url annotation#131006CVE-2025-24513ingress-nginx controller auth secret file path traversal vulnerability#131005CVE-2025-1767GitRepo Volume Inadvertent Local Repository Access#130786CVE-2025-0426Node Denial of Service via kubelet Checkpoint API#130016CVE-2024-9042Command Injection affecting Windows nodes via nodes/*/logs/query API#129654CVE-2024-10220Arbitrary command execution through gitRepo volume#128885CVE-2024-9594VM images built with Image Builder with some providers use default credentials during builds#128007CVE-2024-9486VM images built with Image Builder and Proxmox provider use default credentials#128006CVE-2024-7646Ingress-nginx Annotation Validation Bypass#126744CVE-2024-7598Network restriction bypass via race condition during namespace termination#126587CVE-2024-5321Incorrect permissions on Windows containers logs#126161CVE-2024-3744azure-file-csi-driver discloses service account tokens in logs#124759CVE-2024-3177Bypassing mountable secrets policy imposed by the ServiceAccount admission plugin#124336CVE-2023-5528Insufficient input sanitization in in-tree storage plugin leads to privilege escalation on Windows nodes#121879CVE-2023-5044Code injection via nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/permanent-redirect annotation#126817CVE-2023-5043Ingress nginx annotation injection causes arbitrary command execution#126816CVE-2022-4886ingress-nginx


Question: What is Official CVE Feed?

Answer: T h i s   i s   a   c o m m u n i t y   m a i n t a i n e d   l i s t   o f   o f f i c i a l   C V E s   a n n o u n c e d   b y   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   S e c u r i t y   R e s p o n s e   C o m m i t t e e .   S e e   K u b e r n e t e s   S e c u r i t y   a n d   D i s c l o s u r e   I n f o r m a t i o n   f o r   m o r e   d e t a i l s .   T h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t   p u b l i s h e s   a   p r o g r a m m a t i c a l l y   a c c e s s i b l e   f e e d   o f   p u b l i s h e d   s e c u r i t y   i s s u e s   i n   J S O N   f e e d   a n d   R S S   f e e d   f o r m a t s .   Y o u   c a n   a c c e s s   i t   b y   e x e c u t i n g   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   c o m m a n d s :   L i n k   t o   J S O N   f o r m a t c u r l   - L v   h t t p s : / / k 8 s . i o / d o c s / r e f e r e n c e / i s s u e s - s e c u r i t y / o f f i c i a l - c v e - f e e d / i n d e x . j s o n   L i n k   t o   J S O N   f o r m a t   c u r l   - L v   h t t p s : / / k 8 s . i o / d o c s / r e f e r e n c e / i s s u e s - s e c u r i t y / o f f i c i a l - c v e - f e e d / i n d e x . j s o n   L i n k   t o   R S S   f o r m a t c u r l   - L v   h t t p s : / / k 8 s . i o / d o c s / r e f e r e n c e / i s s u e s - s e c u r i t y / o f f i c i a l - c v e - f e e d / f e e d . x m l   L i n k   t o   R S S   f o r m a t   c u r l   - L v   h t t p s : / / k 8 s . i o / d o c s / r e f e r e n c e / i s s u e s - s e c u r i t y / o f f i c i a l - c v e - f e e d / f e e d . x m l   T h i s   f e e d   i s   a u t o - r e f r e s h i n g   w i t h   a   n o t i c e a b l e   b u t   s m a l l   l a g   ( m i n u t e s   t o   h o u r s )   f r o m   t h e   t i m e   a   C V E   i s   a n n o u n c e d   t o   t h e   t i m e   i t   i s   a c c e s s i b l e   i n   t h i s   f e e d .   T h e   s o u r c e   o f   t r u t h   o f   t h i s   f e e d   i s   a   s e t   o f   G i t H u b   I s s u e s ,   f i l t e r e d   b


Question: What is kubectl top?

Answer: kubectl topSynopsisDisplay resource (CPU/memory) usage.This command provides a view of recent resource consumption for nodes and pods. It fetches metrics from the Metrics Server, which aggregates this data from the kubelet on each node. The Metrics Server must be installed and running in the cluster for this command to work.The metrics shown are specifically optimized for Kubernetes autoscaling decisions, such as those made by the Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) and Vertical Pod Autoscaler (VPA). Because of this, the values may not match those from standard OS tools like 'top', as the metrics are designed to provide a stable signal for autoscalers rather than for pinpoint accuracy.When to use this command:For on-the-fly spot-checks of resource usage (e.g. identify which pods are consuming the most resources at a glance, or get a quick sense of the load on your nodes)Understand current resource consumption patternsValidate the behavior of your HPA or VPA configurations by seeing the metrics they use for scaling decisions.It is not intended to be a replacement for full-featured monitoring solutions. Its primary design goal is to provide a low-overhead signal for autoscalers, not to be a perfectly accurate monitoring tool. For high-accuracy reporting, historical analysis, dashboarding, or alerting, you should use a dedicated monitoring solution.kubectl top [flags] Options-h, --helphelp for topParent Options Inherited--as stringUsername to impersonate for the operation. User could be a regular user or a service account in a namespace.--as-group stringsGroup to impersonate for the operation, this flag can be repeated to specify multiple groups.--as-uid stringUID to impersonate for the operation.--cache-dir string Default: "$HOME/.kube/cache"Default cache directory--certificate-authority stringPath to a cert file for the certificate authority--client-certificate stringPath to a client certificate file for TLS--client-key stringPath to a client key file for TLS--cluster stringThe name of the kubeconfig cluster to use--context stringThe name of the kubeconfig context to use--disable-compressionIf true, opt-out of response compression for all requests to the server--insecure-skip-tls-verifyIf true, the server's certificate will not be checked for validity. This will make your HTTPS connections insecure--kubeconfig stringPath to the kubeconfig file to use for CLI requests.--kuberc stringPath to the kuberc file to use for preferences. This can be disabled by exporting KUBECTL_KUBERC=false feature gate or turning off the feature KUBERC=off.--match-server-versionRequire server version to match client version-n, --namespace stringIf present, the namespace scope for this CLI request--password stringPassword for basic authentication to the API server--profile string Default: "none"Name of profile to capture. One of (none|cpu|heap|goroutine|threadcreate|block|mutex)--profile-output string Default: "profile.pprof"Name of the file to write the profile to--request-t


Question: How does kubectl top work?

Answer: kubectl topSynopsisDisplay resource (CPU/memory) usage.This command provides a view of recent resource consumption for nodes and pods. It fetches metrics from the Metrics Server, which aggregates this data from the kubelet on each node. The Metrics Server must be installed and running in the cluster for this command to work.The metrics shown are specifically optimized for Kubernetes autoscaling decisions, such as those made by the Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) and Vertical Pod Autoscaler (VPA). Because of this, the values may not match those from standard OS tools like 'top', as the metrics are designed to provide a stable signal for autoscalers rather than for pinpoint accuracy.When to use this command:For on-the-fly spot-checks of resource usage (e.g. identify which pods are consuming the most resources at a glance, or get a quick sense of the load on your nodes)Understand current resource consumption patternsValidate the behavior of your HPA or VPA configurations by seeing the metrics they use for scaling decisions.It is not intended to be a replacement for full-featured monitoring solutions. Its primary design goal is to provide a low-overhead signal for autoscalers, not to be a perfectly accurate monitoring tool. For high-accuracy reporting, historical analysis, dashboarding, or alerting, you should use a dedicated monitoring solution.kubectl top [flags] Options-h, --helphelp for topParent Options Inherited--as stringUsername to impersonate for the operation. User could be a regular user or a service account in a namespace.--as-group stringsGroup to impersonate for the operation, this flag can be repeated to specify multiple groups.--as-uid stringUID to impersonate for the operation.--cache-dir string Default: "$HOME/.kube/cache"Default cache directory--certificate-authority stringPath to a cert file for the certificate authority--client-certificate stringPath to a client certificate file for TLS--client-key stringPath to a client key file for TLS--cluster stringThe name of the kubeconfig cluster to use--context stringThe name of the kubeconfig context to use--disable-compressionIf true, opt-out of response compression for all requests to the server--insecure-skip-tls-verifyIf true, the server's certificate will not be checked for validity. This will make your HTTPS connections insecure--kubeconfig stringPath to the kubeconfig file to use for CLI requests.--kuberc stringPath to the kuberc file to use for preferences. This can be disabled by exporting KUBECTL_KUBERC=false feature gate or turning off the feature KUBERC=off.--match-server-versionRequire server version to match client version-n, --namespace stringIf present, the namespace scope for this CLI request--password stringPassword for basic authentication to the API server--profile string Default: "none"Name of profile to capture. One of (none|cpu|heap|goroutine|threadcreate|block|mutex)--profile-output string Default: "profile.pprof"Name of the file to write the profile to--request-t


Question: When would you use kubectl top?

Answer: kubectl topSynopsisDisplay resource (CPU/memory) usage.This command provides a view of recent resource consumption for nodes and pods. It fetches metrics from the Metrics Server, which aggregates this data from the kubelet on each node. The Metrics Server must be installed and running in the cluster for this command to work.The metrics shown are specifically optimized for Kubernetes autoscaling decisions, such as those made by the Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) and Vertical Pod Autoscaler (VPA). Because of this, the values may not match those from standard OS tools like 'top', as the metrics are designed to provide a stable signal for autoscalers rather than for pinpoint accuracy.When to use this command:For on-the-fly spot-checks of resource usage (e.g. identify which pods are consuming the most resources at a glance, or get a quick sense of the load on your nodes)Understand current resource consumption patternsValidate the behavior of your HPA or VPA configurations by seeing the metrics they use for scaling decisions.It is not intended to be a replacement for full-featured monitoring solutions. Its primary design goal is to provide a low-overhead signal for autoscalers, not to be a perfectly accurate monitoring tool. For high-accuracy reporting, historical analysis, dashboarding, or alerting, you should use a dedicated monitoring solution.kubectl top [flags] Options-h, --helphelp for topParent Options Inherited--as stringUsername to impersonate for the operation. User could be a regular user or a service account in a namespace.--as-group stringsGroup to impersonate for the operation, this flag can be repeated to specify multiple groups.--as-uid stringUID to impersonate for the operation.--cache-dir string Default: "$HOME/.kube/cache"Default cache directory--certificate-authority stringPath to a cert file for the certificate authority--client-certificate stringPath to a client certificate file for TLS--client-key stringPath to a client key file for TLS--cluster stringThe name of the kubeconfig cluster to use--context stringThe name of the kubeconfig context to use--disable-compressionIf true, opt-out of response compression for all requests to the server--insecure-skip-tls-verifyIf true, the server's certificate will not be checked for validity. This will make your HTTPS connections insecure--kubeconfig stringPath to the kubeconfig file to use for CLI requests.--kuberc stringPath to the kuberc file to use for preferences. This can be disabled by exporting KUBECTL_KUBERC=false feature gate or turning off the feature KUBERC=off.--match-server-versionRequire server version to match client version-n, --namespace stringIf present, the namespace scope for this CLI request--password stringPassword for basic authentication to the API server--profile string Default: "none"Name of profile to capture. One of (none|cpu|heap|goroutine|threadcreate|block|mutex)--profile-output string Default: "profile.pprof"Name of the file to write the profile to--request-t


Question: What are the benefits of kubectl top?

Answer: kubectl topSynopsisDisplay resource (CPU/memory) usage.This command provides a view of recent resource consumption for nodes and pods. It fetches metrics from the Metrics Server, which aggregates this data from the kubelet on each node. The Metrics Server must be installed and running in the cluster for this command to work.The metrics shown are specifically optimized for Kubernetes autoscaling decisions, such as those made by the Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) and Vertical Pod Autoscaler (VPA). Because of this, the values may not match those from standard OS tools like 'top', as the metrics are designed to provide a stable signal for autoscalers rather than for pinpoint accuracy.When to use this command:For on-the-fly spot-checks of resource usage (e.g. identify which pods are consuming the most resources at a glance, or get a quick sense of the load on your nodes)Understand current resource consumption patternsValidate the behavior of your HPA or VPA configurations by seeing the metrics they use for scaling decisions.It is not intended to be a replacement for full-featured monitoring solutions. Its primary design goal is to provide a low-overhead signal for autoscalers, not to be a perfectly accurate monitoring tool. For high-accuracy reporting, historical analysis, dashboarding, or alerting, you should use a dedicated monitoring solution.kubectl top [flags] Options-h, --helphelp for topParent Options Inherited--as stringUsername to impersonate for the operation. User could be a regular user or a service account in a namespace.--as-group stringsGroup to impersonate for the operation, this flag can be repeated to specify multiple groups.--as-uid stringUID to impersonate for the operation.--cache-dir string Default: "$HOME/.kube/cache"Default cache directory--certificate-authority stringPath to a cert file for the certificate authority--client-certificate stringPath to a client certificate file for TLS--client-key stringPath to a client key file for TLS--cluster stringThe name of the kubeconfig cluster to use--context stringThe name of the kubeconfig context to use--disable-compressionIf true, opt-out of response compression for all requests to the server--insecure-skip-tls-verifyIf true, the server's certificate will not be checked for validity. This will make your HTTPS connections insecure--kubeconfig stringPath to the kubeconfig file to use for CLI requests.--kuberc stringPath to the kuberc file to use for preferences. This can be disabled by exporting KUBECTL_KUBERC=false feature gate or turning off the feature KUBERC=off.--match-server-versionRequire server version to match client version-n, --namespace stringIf present, the namespace scope for this CLI request--password stringPassword for basic authentication to the API server--profile string Default: "none"Name of profile to capture. One of (none|cpu|heap|goroutine|threadcreate|block|mutex)--profile-output string Default: "profile.pprof"Name of the file to write the profile to--request-t


Question: What is Synopsis?

Answer: D i s p l a y   r e s o u r c e   ( C P U / m e m o r y )   u s a g e .   T h i s   c o m m a n d   p r o v i d e s   a   v i e w   o f   r e c e n t   r e s o u r c e   c o n s u m p t i o n   f o r   n o d e s   a n d   p o d s .   I t   f e t c h e s   m e t r i c s   f r o m   t h e   M e t r i c s   S e r v e r ,   w h i c h   a g g r e g a t e s   t h i s   d a t a   f r o m   t h e   k u b e l e t   o n   e a c h   n o d e .   T h e   M e t r i c s   S e r v e r   m u s t   b e   i n s t a l l e d   a n d   r u n n i n g   i n   t h e   c l u s t e r   f o r   t h i s   c o m m a n d   t o   w o r k .   T h e   m e t r i c s   s h o w n   a r e   s p e c i f i c a l l y   o p t i m i z e d   f o r   K u b e r n e t e s   a u t o s c a l i n g   d e c i s i o n s ,   s u c h   a s   t h o s e   m a d e   b y   t h e   H o r i z o n t a l   P o d   A u t o s c a l e r   ( H P A )   a n d   V e r t i c a l   P o d   A u t o s c a l e r   ( V P A ) .   B e c a u s e   o f   t h i s ,   t h e   v a l u e s   m a y   n o t   m a t c h   t h o s e   f r o m   s t a n d a r d   O S   t o o l s   l i k e   ' t o p ' ,   a s   t h e   m e t r i c s   a r e   d e s i g n e d   t o   p r o v i d e   a   s t a b l e   s i g n a l   f o r   a u t o s c a l e r s   r a t h e r   t h a n   f o r   p i n p o i n t   a c c u r a c y .   W h e n   t o   u s e   t h i s   c o m m a n d :   F o r   o n - t h e - f l y   s p o t - c h e c k s   o f   r e s o u r c e   u s a g e   ( e . g .   i d e n t i f y   w h i c h   p o d s   a r e   c o n s u m i n g   t h e   m o s t   r e s o u r c e s   a t   a   g l a n c e ,   o r   g e t   a   q u i c k   s e n s e   o f   t h e   l o a d   o n   y o u r   n o d e s ) U n d e r s t a n d   c u r r e n t   r e s o u r c e   c o n s u m p t i o n   p a t t e r n s V a l i d a t e   t h e   b e h a v i o r   o f   y o u r   H P A   o r   V P A   c o n f i g u r a t i o n s   b y   s e e i n g   t h e   m e t r i c s   t h e y   u s e   f


Question: What is Options?

Answer: h e l p   f o r   t o p


Question: What is Parent Options Inherited?

Answer: U s e r n a m e   t o   i m p e r s o n a t e   f o r   t h e   o p e r a t i o n .   U s e r   c o u l d   b e   a   r e g u l a r   u s e r   o r   a   s e r v i c e   a c c o u n t   i n   a   n a m e s p a c e .   G r o u p   t o   i m p e r s o n a t e   f o r   t h e   o p e r a t i o n ,   t h i s   f l a g   c a n   b e   r e p e a t e d   t o   s p e c i f y   m u l t i p l e   g r o u p s .   U I D   t o   i m p e r s o n a t e   f o r   t h e   o p e r a t i o n .   D e f a u l t   c a c h e   d i r e c t o r y   P a t h   t o   a   c e r t   f i l e   f o r   t h e   c e r t i f i c a t e   a u t h o r i t y   P a t h   t o   a   c l i e n t   c e r t i f i c a t e   f i l e   f o r   T L S   P a t h   t o   a   c l i e n t   k e y   f i l e   f o r   T L S   T h e   n a m e   o f   t h e   k u b e c o n f i g   c l u s t e r   t o   u s e   T h e   n a m e   o f   t h e   k u b e c o n f i g   c o n t e x t   t o   u s e   I f   t r u e ,   o p t - o u t   o f   r e s p o n s e   c o m p r e s s i o n   f o r   a l l   r e q u e s t s   t o   t h e   s e r v e r   I f   t r u e ,   t h e   s e r v e r ' s   c e r t i f i c a t e   w i l l   n o t   b e   c h e c k e d   f o r   v a l i d i t y .   T h i s   w i l l   m a k e   y o u r   H T T P S   c o n n e c t i o n s   i n s e c u r e   P a t h   t o   t h e   k u b e c o n f i g   f i l e   t o   u s e   f o r   C L I   r e q u e s t s .   P a t h   t o   t h e   k u b e r c   f i l e   t o   u s e   f o r   p r e f e r e n c e s .   T h i s   c a n   b e   d i s a b l e d   b y   e x p o r t i n g   K U B E C T L _ K U B E R C = f a l s e   f e a t u r e   g a t e   o r   t u r n i n g   o f f   t h e   f e a t u r e   K U B E R C = o f f .   R e q u i r e   s e r v e r   v e r s i o n   t o   m a t c h   c l i e n t   v e r s i o n   I f   p r e s e n t ,   t h e   n a m e s p a c e   s c o p e   f o r   t h i s   C L I   r e q u e s t   P a s s w o r d   f o r   b a s i c   a u t h e n t i c a t


Question: What is See Also?

Answer: k u b e c t l   -   k u b e c t l   c o n t r o l s   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   c l u s t e r   m a n a g e r k u b e c t l   t o p   n o d e   -   D i s p l a y   r e s o u r c e   ( C P U / m e m o r y )   u s a g e   o f   n o d e s k u b e c t l   t o p   p o d   -   D i s p l a y   r e s o u r c e   ( C P U / m e m o r y )   u s a g e   o f   p o d s   T h i s   p a g e   i s   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   g e n e r a t e d .   I f   y o u   p l a n   t o   r e p o r t   a n   i s s u e   w i t h   t h i s   p a g e ,   m e n t i o n   t h a t   t h e   p a g e   i s   a u t o - g e n e r a t e d   i n   y o u r   i s s u e   d e s c r i p t i o n .   T h e   f i x   m a y   n e e d   t o   h a p p e n   e l s e w h e r e   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t .


Question: What is kubectl version?

Answer: kubectl versionSynopsisPrint the client and server version information for the current context.kubectl version [flags] Examples # Print the client and server versions for the current context kubectl version Options--clientIf true, shows client version only (no server required).-h, --helphelp for version-o, --output stringOne of 'yaml' or 'json'.Parent Options Inherited--as stringUsername to impersonate for the operation. User could be a regular user or a service account in a namespace.--as-group stringsGroup to impersonate for the operation, this flag can be repeated to specify multiple groups.--as-uid stringUID to impersonate for the operation.--cache-dir string Default: "$HOME/.kube/cache"Default cache directory--certificate-authority stringPath to a cert file for the certificate authority--client-certificate stringPath to a client certificate file for TLS--client-key stringPath to a client key file for TLS--cluster stringThe name of the kubeconfig cluster to use--context stringThe name of the kubeconfig context to use--disable-compressionIf true, opt-out of response compression for all requests to the server--insecure-skip-tls-verifyIf true, the server's certificate will not be checked for validity. This will make your HTTPS connections insecure--kubeconfig stringPath to the kubeconfig file to use for CLI requests.--kuberc stringPath to the kuberc file to use for preferences. This can be disabled by exporting KUBECTL_KUBERC=false feature gate or turning off the feature KUBERC=off.--match-server-versionRequire server version to match client version-n, --namespace stringIf present, the namespace scope for this CLI request--password stringPassword for basic authentication to the API server--profile string Default: "none"Name of profile to capture. One of (none|cpu|heap|goroutine|threadcreate|block|mutex)--profile-output string Default: "profile.pprof"Name of the file to write the profile to--request-timeout string Default: "0"The length of time to wait before giving up on a single server request. Non-zero values should contain a corresponding time unit (e.g. 1s, 2m, 3h). A value of zero means don't timeout requests.-s, --server stringThe address and port of the Kubernetes API server--storage-driver-buffer-duration duration Default: 1m0sWrites in the storage driver will be buffered for this duration, and committed to the non memory backends as a single transaction--storage-driver-db string Default: "cadvisor"database name--storage-driver-host string Default: "localhost:8086"database host:port--storage-driver-password string Default: "root"database password--storage-driver-secureuse secure connection with database--storage-driver-table string Default: "stats"table name--storage-driver-user string Default: "root"database username--tls-server-name stringServer name to use for server certificate validation. If it is not provided, the hostname used to contact the server is used--token stringBearer token for authentication to the API server--user string


Question: How does kubectl version work?

Answer: kubectl versionSynopsisPrint the client and server version information for the current context.kubectl version [flags] Examples # Print the client and server versions for the current context kubectl version Options--clientIf true, shows client version only (no server required).-h, --helphelp for version-o, --output stringOne of 'yaml' or 'json'.Parent Options Inherited--as stringUsername to impersonate for the operation. User could be a regular user or a service account in a namespace.--as-group stringsGroup to impersonate for the operation, this flag can be repeated to specify multiple groups.--as-uid stringUID to impersonate for the operation.--cache-dir string Default: "$HOME/.kube/cache"Default cache directory--certificate-authority stringPath to a cert file for the certificate authority--client-certificate stringPath to a client certificate file for TLS--client-key stringPath to a client key file for TLS--cluster stringThe name of the kubeconfig cluster to use--context stringThe name of the kubeconfig context to use--disable-compressionIf true, opt-out of response compression for all requests to the server--insecure-skip-tls-verifyIf true, the server's certificate will not be checked for validity. This will make your HTTPS connections insecure--kubeconfig stringPath to the kubeconfig file to use for CLI requests.--kuberc stringPath to the kuberc file to use for preferences. This can be disabled by exporting KUBECTL_KUBERC=false feature gate or turning off the feature KUBERC=off.--match-server-versionRequire server version to match client version-n, --namespace stringIf present, the namespace scope for this CLI request--password stringPassword for basic authentication to the API server--profile string Default: "none"Name of profile to capture. One of (none|cpu|heap|goroutine|threadcreate|block|mutex)--profile-output string Default: "profile.pprof"Name of the file to write the profile to--request-timeout string Default: "0"The length of time to wait before giving up on a single server request. Non-zero values should contain a corresponding time unit (e.g. 1s, 2m, 3h). A value of zero means don't timeout requests.-s, --server stringThe address and port of the Kubernetes API server--storage-driver-buffer-duration duration Default: 1m0sWrites in the storage driver will be buffered for this duration, and committed to the non memory backends as a single transaction--storage-driver-db string Default: "cadvisor"database name--storage-driver-host string Default: "localhost:8086"database host:port--storage-driver-password string Default: "root"database password--storage-driver-secureuse secure connection with database--storage-driver-table string Default: "stats"table name--storage-driver-user string Default: "root"database username--tls-server-name stringServer name to use for server certificate validation. If it is not provided, the hostname used to contact the server is used--token stringBearer token for authentication to the API server--user string


Question: When would you use kubectl version?

Answer: kubectl versionSynopsisPrint the client and server version information for the current context.kubectl version [flags] Examples # Print the client and server versions for the current context kubectl version Options--clientIf true, shows client version only (no server required).-h, --helphelp for version-o, --output stringOne of 'yaml' or 'json'.Parent Options Inherited--as stringUsername to impersonate for the operation. User could be a regular user or a service account in a namespace.--as-group stringsGroup to impersonate for the operation, this flag can be repeated to specify multiple groups.--as-uid stringUID to impersonate for the operation.--cache-dir string Default: "$HOME/.kube/cache"Default cache directory--certificate-authority stringPath to a cert file for the certificate authority--client-certificate stringPath to a client certificate file for TLS--client-key stringPath to a client key file for TLS--cluster stringThe name of the kubeconfig cluster to use--context stringThe name of the kubeconfig context to use--disable-compressionIf true, opt-out of response compression for all requests to the server--insecure-skip-tls-verifyIf true, the server's certificate will not be checked for validity. This will make your HTTPS connections insecure--kubeconfig stringPath to the kubeconfig file to use for CLI requests.--kuberc stringPath to the kuberc file to use for preferences. This can be disabled by exporting KUBECTL_KUBERC=false feature gate or turning off the feature KUBERC=off.--match-server-versionRequire server version to match client version-n, --namespace stringIf present, the namespace scope for this CLI request--password stringPassword for basic authentication to the API server--profile string Default: "none"Name of profile to capture. One of (none|cpu|heap|goroutine|threadcreate|block|mutex)--profile-output string Default: "profile.pprof"Name of the file to write the profile to--request-timeout string Default: "0"The length of time to wait before giving up on a single server request. Non-zero values should contain a corresponding time unit (e.g. 1s, 2m, 3h). A value of zero means don't timeout requests.-s, --server stringThe address and port of the Kubernetes API server--storage-driver-buffer-duration duration Default: 1m0sWrites in the storage driver will be buffered for this duration, and committed to the non memory backends as a single transaction--storage-driver-db string Default: "cadvisor"database name--storage-driver-host string Default: "localhost:8086"database host:port--storage-driver-password string Default: "root"database password--storage-driver-secureuse secure connection with database--storage-driver-table string Default: "stats"table name--storage-driver-user string Default: "root"database username--tls-server-name stringServer name to use for server certificate validation. If it is not provided, the hostname used to contact the server is used--token stringBearer token for authentication to the API server--user string


Question: What are the benefits of kubectl version?

Answer: kubectl versionSynopsisPrint the client and server version information for the current context.kubectl version [flags] Examples # Print the client and server versions for the current context kubectl version Options--clientIf true, shows client version only (no server required).-h, --helphelp for version-o, --output stringOne of 'yaml' or 'json'.Parent Options Inherited--as stringUsername to impersonate for the operation. User could be a regular user or a service account in a namespace.--as-group stringsGroup to impersonate for the operation, this flag can be repeated to specify multiple groups.--as-uid stringUID to impersonate for the operation.--cache-dir string Default: "$HOME/.kube/cache"Default cache directory--certificate-authority stringPath to a cert file for the certificate authority--client-certificate stringPath to a client certificate file for TLS--client-key stringPath to a client key file for TLS--cluster stringThe name of the kubeconfig cluster to use--context stringThe name of the kubeconfig context to use--disable-compressionIf true, opt-out of response compression for all requests to the server--insecure-skip-tls-verifyIf true, the server's certificate will not be checked for validity. This will make your HTTPS connections insecure--kubeconfig stringPath to the kubeconfig file to use for CLI requests.--kuberc stringPath to the kuberc file to use for preferences. This can be disabled by exporting KUBECTL_KUBERC=false feature gate or turning off the feature KUBERC=off.--match-server-versionRequire server version to match client version-n, --namespace stringIf present, the namespace scope for this CLI request--password stringPassword for basic authentication to the API server--profile string Default: "none"Name of profile to capture. One of (none|cpu|heap|goroutine|threadcreate|block|mutex)--profile-output string Default: "profile.pprof"Name of the file to write the profile to--request-timeout string Default: "0"The length of time to wait before giving up on a single server request. Non-zero values should contain a corresponding time unit (e.g. 1s, 2m, 3h). A value of zero means don't timeout requests.-s, --server stringThe address and port of the Kubernetes API server--storage-driver-buffer-duration duration Default: 1m0sWrites in the storage driver will be buffered for this duration, and committed to the non memory backends as a single transaction--storage-driver-db string Default: "cadvisor"database name--storage-driver-host string Default: "localhost:8086"database host:port--storage-driver-password string Default: "root"database password--storage-driver-secureuse secure connection with database--storage-driver-table string Default: "stats"table name--storage-driver-user string Default: "root"database username--tls-server-name stringServer name to use for server certificate validation. If it is not provided, the hostname used to contact the server is used--token stringBearer token for authentication to the API server--user string


Question: What is Synopsis?

Answer: P r i n t   t h e   c l i e n t   a n d   s e r v e r   v e r s i o n   i n f o r m a t i o n   f o r   t h e   c u r r e n t   c o n t e x t .   k u b e c t l   v e r s i o n   [ f l a g s ]


Question: What is Examples?

Answer: #   P r i n t   t h e   c l i e n t   a n d   s e r v e r   v e r s i o n s   f o r   t h e   c u r r e n t   c o n t e x t   k u b e c t l   v e r s i o n


Question: What is Options?

Answer: I f   t r u e ,   s h o w s   c l i e n t   v e r s i o n   o n l y   ( n o   s e r v e r   r e q u i r e d ) .   h e l p   f o r   v e r s i o n   O n e   o f   ' y a m l '   o r   ' j s o n ' .


Question: What is Parent Options Inherited?

Answer: U s e r n a m e   t o   i m p e r s o n a t e   f o r   t h e   o p e r a t i o n .   U s e r   c o u l d   b e   a   r e g u l a r   u s e r   o r   a   s e r v i c e   a c c o u n t   i n   a   n a m e s p a c e .   G r o u p   t o   i m p e r s o n a t e   f o r   t h e   o p e r a t i o n ,   t h i s   f l a g   c a n   b e   r e p e a t e d   t o   s p e c i f y   m u l t i p l e   g r o u p s .   U I D   t o   i m p e r s o n a t e   f o r   t h e   o p e r a t i o n .   D e f a u l t   c a c h e   d i r e c t o r y   P a t h   t o   a   c e r t   f i l e   f o r   t h e   c e r t i f i c a t e   a u t h o r i t y   P a t h   t o   a   c l i e n t   c e r t i f i c a t e   f i l e   f o r   T L S   P a t h   t o   a   c l i e n t   k e y   f i l e   f o r   T L S   T h e   n a m e   o f   t h e   k u b e c o n f i g   c l u s t e r   t o   u s e   T h e   n a m e   o f   t h e   k u b e c o n f i g   c o n t e x t   t o   u s e   I f   t r u e ,   o p t - o u t   o f   r e s p o n s e   c o m p r e s s i o n   f o r   a l l   r e q u e s t s   t o   t h e   s e r v e r   I f   t r u e ,   t h e   s e r v e r ' s   c e r t i f i c a t e   w i l l   n o t   b e   c h e c k e d   f o r   v a l i d i t y .   T h i s   w i l l   m a k e   y o u r   H T T P S   c o n n e c t i o n s   i n s e c u r e   P a t h   t o   t h e   k u b e c o n f i g   f i l e   t o   u s e   f o r   C L I   r e q u e s t s .   P a t h   t o   t h e   k u b e r c   f i l e   t o   u s e   f o r   p r e f e r e n c e s .   T h i s   c a n   b e   d i s a b l e d   b y   e x p o r t i n g   K U B E C T L _ K U B E R C = f a l s e   f e a t u r e   g a t e   o r   t u r n i n g   o f f   t h e   f e a t u r e   K U B E R C = o f f .   R e q u i r e   s e r v e r   v e r s i o n   t o   m a t c h   c l i e n t   v e r s i o n   I f   p r e s e n t ,   t h e   n a m e s p a c e   s c o p e   f o r   t h i s   C L I   r e q u e s t   P a s s w o r d   f o r   b a s i c   a u t h e n t i c a t


Question: What is See Also?

Answer: k u b e c t l   -   k u b e c t l   c o n t r o l s   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   c l u s t e r   m a n a g e r   T h i s   p a g e   i s   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   g e n e r a t e d .   I f   y o u   p l a n   t o   r e p o r t   a n   i s s u e   w i t h   t h i s   p a g e ,   m e n t i o n   t h a t   t h e   p a g e   i s   a u t o - g e n e r a t e d   i n   y o u r   i s s u e   d e s c r i p t i o n .   T h e   f i x   m a y   n e e d   t o   h a p p e n   e l s e w h e r e   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t .


Question: What is Nodes?

Answer: NodesKubernetes runs your workload by placing containers into Pods to run on Nodes. A node may be a virtual or physical machine, depending on the cluster. Each node is managed by the control plane and contains the services necessary to run Pods.Typically you have several nodes in a cluster; in a learning or resource-limited environment, you might have only one node.The components on a node include the kubelet, a container runtime, and the kube-proxy.ManagementThere are two main ways to have Nodes added to the API server:The kubelet on a node self-registers to the control planeYou (or another human user) manually add a Node objectAfter you create a Node object, or the kubelet on a node self-registers, the control plane checks whether the new Node object is valid. For example, if you try to create a Node from the following JSON manifest:{ "kind": "Node", "apiVersion": "v1", "metadata": { "name": "10.240.79.157", "labels": { "name": "my-first-k8s-node" } } } Kubernetes creates a Node object internally (the representation). Kubernetes checks that a kubelet has registered to the API server that matches the metadata.name field of the Node. If the node is healthy (i.e. all necessary services are running), then it is eligible to run a Pod. Otherwise, that node is ignored for any cluster activity until it becomes healthy.Note:Kubernetes keeps the object for the invalid Node and continues checking to see whether it becomes healthy.You, or a controller, must explicitly delete the Node object to stop that health checking.The name of a Node object must be a valid DNS subdomain name.Node name uniquenessThe name identifies a Node. Two Nodes cannot have the same name at the same time. Kubernetes also assumes that a resource with the same name is the same object. In case of a Node, it is implicitly assumed that an instance using the same name will have the same state (e.g. network settings, root disk contents) and attributes like node labels. This may lead to inconsistencies if an instance was modified without changing its name. If the Node needs to be replaced or updated significantly, the existing Node object needs to be removed from API server first and re-added after the update.Self-registration of NodesWhen the kubelet flag --register-node is true (the default), the kubelet will attempt to register itself with the API server. This is the preferred pattern, used by most distros.For self-registration, the kubelet is started with the following options:--kubeconfig - Path to credentials to authenticate itself to the API server.--cloud-provider - How to talk to a cloud provider to read metadata about itself.--register-node - Automatically register with the API server.--register-with-taints - Register the node with the given list of taints (comma separated <key>=<value>:<effect>).No-op if register-node is false.--node-ip - Optional comma-separated list of the IP addresses for the node. You can only specify a single address for each address family. For example, in