Question: What is Volumes?

Answer: K u b e r n e t e s   v o l u m e s   p r o v i d e   a   w a y   f o r   c o n t a i n e r s   i n   a   p o d   t o   a c c e s s   a n d   s h a r e   d a t a   v i a   t h e   f i l e s y s t e m .   T h e r e   a r e   d i f f e r e n t   k i n d s   o f   v o l u m e   t h a t   y o u   c a n   u s e   f o r   d i f f e r e n t   p u r p o s e s ,   s u c h   a s :   p o p u l a t i n g   a   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   f i l e   b a s e d   o n   a   C o n f i g M a p   o r   a   S e c r e t p r o v i d i n g   s o m e   t e m p o r a r y   s c r a t c h   s p a c e   f o r   a   p o d s h a r i n g   a   f i l e s y s t e m   b e t w e e n   t w o   d i f f e r e n t   c o n t a i n e r s   i n   t h e   s a m e   p o d s h a r i n g   a   f i l e s y s t e m   b e t w e e n   t w o   d i f f e r e n t   p o d s   ( e v e n   i f   t h o s e   P o d s   r u n   o n   d i f f e r e n t   n o d e s ) d u r a b l y   s t o r i n g   d a t a   s o   t h a t   i t   s t a y s   a v a i l a b l e   e v e n   i f   t h e   P o d   r e s t a r t s   o r   i s   r e p l a c e d p a s s i n g   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   i n f o r m a t i o n   t o   a n   a p p   r u n n i n g   i n   a   c o n t a i n e r ,   b a s e d   o n   d e t a i l s   o f   t h e   P o d   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   i s   i n   ( f o r   e x a m p l e :   t e l l i n g   a   s i d e c a r   c o n t a i n e r   w h a t   n a m e s p a c e   t h e   P o d   i s   r u n n i n g   i n ) p r o v i d i n g   r e a d - o n l y   a c c e s s   t o   d a t a   i n   a   d i f f e r e n t   c o n t a i n e r   i m a g e   D a t a   s h a r i n g   c a n   b e   b e t w e e n   d i f f e r e n t   l o c a l   p r o c e s s e s   w i t h i n   a   c o n t a i n e r ,   o r   b e t w e e n   d i f f e r e n t   c o n t a i n e r s ,   o r   b e t w e e n   P o d s .


Question: What is Why volumes are important?

Answer: D a t a   p e r s i s t e n c e :   O n - d i s k   f i l e s   i n   a   c o n t a i n e r   a r e   e p h e m e r a l ,   w h i c h   p r e s e n t s   s o m e   p r o b l e m s   f o r   n o n - t r i v i a l   a p p l i c a t i o n s   w h e n   r u n n i n g   i n   c o n t a i n e r s .   O n e   p r o b l e m   o c c u r s   w h e n   a   c o n t a i n e r   c r a s h e s   o r   i s   s t o p p e d ,   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   s t a t e   i s   n o t   s a v e d   s o   a l l   o f   t h e   f i l e s   t h a t   w e r e   c r e a t e d   o r   m o d i f i e d   d u r i n g   t h e   l i f e t i m e   o f   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   a r e   l o s t .   A f t e r   a   c r a s h ,   k u b e l e t   r e s t a r t s   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   w i t h   a   c l e a n   s t a t e . S h a r e d   s t o r a g e :   A n o t h e r   p r o b l e m   o c c u r s   w h e n   m u l t i p l e   c o n t a i n e r s   a r e   r u n n i n g   i n   a   P o d   a n d   n e e d   t o   s h a r e   f i l e s .   I t   c a n   b e   c h a l l e n g i n g   t o   s e t   u p   a n d   a c c e s s   a   s h a r e d   f i l e s y s t e m   a c r o s s   a l l   o f   t h e   c o n t a i n e r s .   D a t a   p e r s i s t e n c e :   O n - d i s k   f i l e s   i n   a   c o n t a i n e r   a r e   e p h e m e r a l ,   w h i c h   p r e s e n t s   s o m e   p r o b l e m s   f o r   n o n - t r i v i a l   a p p l i c a t i o n s   w h e n   r u n n i n g   i n   c o n t a i n e r s .   O n e   p r o b l e m   o c c u r s   w h e n   a   c o n t a i n e r   c r a s h e s   o r   i s   s t o p p e d ,   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   s t a t e   i s   n o t   s a v e d   s o   a l l   o f   t h e   f i l e s   t h a t   w e r e   c r e a t e d   o r   m o d i f i e d   d u r i n g   t h e   l i f e t i m e   o f   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   a r e   l o s t .   A f t e r   a   c r a s h ,   k u b e l e t   r e s t a r t s   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   w i t h   a   c l e a n


Question: What is How volumes work?

Answer: K u b e r n e t e s   s u p p o r t s   m a n y   t y p e s   o f   v o l u m e s .   A   P o d   c a n   u s e   a n y   n u m b e r   o f   v o l u m e   t y p e s   s i m u l t a n e o u s l y .   E p h e m e r a l   v o l u m e   t y p e s   h a v e   a   l i f e t i m e   l i n k e d   t o   a   s p e c i f i c   P o d ,   b u t   p e r s i s t e n t   v o l u m e s   e x i s t   b e y o n d   t h e   l i f e t i m e   o f   a n y   i n d i v i d u a l   p o d .   W h e n   a   p o d   c e a s e s   t o   e x i s t ,   K u b e r n e t e s   d e s t r o y s   e p h e m e r a l   v o l u m e s ;   h o w e v e r ,   K u b e r n e t e s   d o e s   n o t   d e s t r o y   p e r s i s t e n t   v o l u m e s .   F o r   a n y   k i n d   o f   v o l u m e   i n   a   g i v e n   p o d ,   d a t a   i s   p r e s e r v e d   a c r o s s   c o n t a i n e r   r e s t a r t s .   A t   i t s   c o r e ,   a   v o l u m e   i s   a   d i r e c t o r y ,   p o s s i b l y   w i t h   s o m e   d a t a   i n   i t ,   w h i c h   i s   a c c e s s i b l e   t o   t h e   c o n t a i n e r s   i n   a   p o d .   H o w   t h a t   d i r e c t o r y   c o m e s   t o   b e ,   t h e   m e d i u m   t h a t   b a c k s   i t ,   a n d   t h e   c o n t e n t s   o f   i t   a r e   d e t e r m i n e d   b y   t h e   p a r t i c u l a r   v o l u m e   t y p e   u s e d .   T o   u s e   a   v o l u m e ,   s p e c i f y   t h e   v o l u m e s   t o   p r o v i d e   f o r   t h e   P o d   i n   . s p e c . v o l u m e s   a n d   d e c l a r e   w h e r e   t o   m o u n t   t h o s e   v o l u m e s   i n t o   c o n t a i n e r s   i n   . s p e c . c o n t a i n e r s [ * ] . v o l u m e M o u n t s .   W h e n   a   p o d   i s   l a u n c h e d ,   a   p r o c e s s   i n   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   s e e s   a   f i l e s y s t e m   v i e w   c o m p o s e d   f r o m   t h e   i n i t i a l   c o n t e n t s   o f   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   i m a g e ,   p l


Question: What is Types of volumes?

Answer: K u b e r n e t e s   s u p p o r t s   s e v e r a l   t y p e s   o f   v o l u m e s .


Question: What is awsElasticBlockStore (deprecated)?

Answer: I n   K u b e r n e t e s   1 . 3 4 ,   a l l   o p e r a t i o n s   f o r   t h e   i n - t r e e   a w s E l a s t i c B l o c k S t o r e   t y p e   a r e   r e d i r e c t e d   t o   t h e   e b s . c s i . a w s . c o m   C S I   d r i v e r .   T h e   A W S E l a s t i c B l o c k S t o r e   i n - t r e e   s t o r a g e   d r i v e r   w a s   d e p r e c a t e d   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   v 1 . 1 9   r e l e a s e   a n d   t h e n   r e m o v e d   e n t i r e l y   i n   t h e   v 1 . 2 7   r e l e a s e .   T h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t   s u g g e s t s   t h a t   y o u   u s e   t h e   A W S   E B S   t h i r d   p a r t y   s t o r a g e   d r i v e r   i n s t e a d .


Question: What is azureDisk (deprecated)?

Answer: I n   K u b e r n e t e s   1 . 3 4 ,   a l l   o p e r a t i o n s   f o r   t h e   i n - t r e e   a z u r e D i s k   t y p e   a r e   r e d i r e c t e d   t o   t h e   d i s k . c s i . a z u r e . c o m   C S I   d r i v e r .   T h e   A z u r e D i s k   i n - t r e e   s t o r a g e   d r i v e r   w a s   d e p r e c a t e d   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   v 1 . 1 9   r e l e a s e   a n d   t h e n   r e m o v e d   e n t i r e l y   i n   t h e   v 1 . 2 7   r e l e a s e .   T h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t   s u g g e s t s   t h a t   y o u   u s e   t h e   A z u r e   D i s k   t h i r d   p a r t y   s t o r a g e   d r i v e r   i n s t e a d .


Question: What is azureFile (deprecated)?

Answer: I n   K u b e r n e t e s   1 . 3 4 ,   a l l   o p e r a t i o n s   f o r   t h e   i n - t r e e   a z u r e F i l e   t y p e   a r e   r e d i r e c t e d   t o   t h e   f i l e . c s i . a z u r e . c o m   C S I   d r i v e r .   T h e   A z u r e F i l e   i n - t r e e   s t o r a g e   d r i v e r   w a s   d e p r e c a t e d   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   v 1 . 2 1   r e l e a s e   a n d   t h e n   r e m o v e d   e n t i r e l y   i n   t h e   v 1 . 3 0   r e l e a s e .   T h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t   s u g g e s t s   t h a t   y o u   u s e   t h e   A z u r e   F i l e   t h i r d   p a r t y   s t o r a g e   d r i v e r   i n s t e a d .


Question: What is cephfs (removed)?

Answer: K u b e r n e t e s   1 . 3 4   d o e s   n o t   i n c l u d e   a   c e p h f s   v o l u m e   t y p e .   T h e   c e p h f s   i n - t r e e   s t o r a g e   d r i v e r   w a s   d e p r e c a t e d   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   v 1 . 2 8   r e l e a s e   a n d   t h e n   r e m o v e d   e n t i r e l y   i n   t h e   v 1 . 3 1   r e l e a s e .


Question: What is cinder (deprecated)?

Answer: I n   K u b e r n e t e s   1 . 3 4 ,   a l l   o p e r a t i o n s   f o r   t h e   i n - t r e e   c i n d e r   t y p e   a r e   r e d i r e c t e d   t o   t h e   c i n d e r . c s i . o p e n s t a c k . o r g   C S I   d r i v e r .   T h e   O p e n S t a c k   C i n d e r   i n - t r e e   s t o r a g e   d r i v e r   w a s   d e p r e c a t e d   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   v 1 . 1 1   r e l e a s e   a n d   t h e n   r e m o v e d   e n t i r e l y   i n   t h e   v 1 . 2 6   r e l e a s e .   T h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t   s u g g e s t s   t h a t   y o u   u s e   t h e   O p e n S t a c k   C i n d e r   t h i r d   p a r t y   s t o r a g e   d r i v e r   i n s t e a d .


Question: What is configMap?

Answer: A   C o n f i g M a p   p r o v i d e s   a   w a y   t o   i n j e c t   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   d a t a   i n t o   p o d s .   T h e   d a t a   s t o r e d   i n   a   C o n f i g M a p   c a n   b e   r e f e r e n c e d   i n   a   v o l u m e   o f   t y p e   c o n f i g M a p   a n d   t h e n   c o n s u m e d   b y   c o n t a i n e r i z e d   a p p l i c a t i o n s   r u n n i n g   i n   a   p o d .   W h e n   r e f e r e n c i n g   a   C o n f i g M a p ,   y o u   p r o v i d e   t h e   n a m e   o f   t h e   C o n f i g M a p   i n   t h e   v o l u m e .   Y o u   c a n   c u s t o m i z e   t h e   p a t h   t o   u s e   f o r   a   s p e c i f i c   e n t r y   i n   t h e   C o n f i g M a p .   T h e   f o l l o w i n g   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   s h o w s   h o w   t o   m o u n t   t h e   l o g - c o n f i g   C o n f i g M a p   o n t o   a   P o d   c a l l e d   c o n f i g m a p - p o d :   a p i V e r s i o n :   v 1   k i n d :   P o d   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   c o n f i g m a p - p o d   s p e c :   c o n t a i n e r s :   -   n a m e :   t e s t   i m a g e :   b u s y b o x : 1 . 2 8   c o m m a n d :   [ ' s h ' ,   ' - c ' ,   ' e c h o   " T h e   a p p   i s   r u n n i n g ! "   & &   t a i l   - f   / d e v / n u l l ' ]   v o l u m e M o u n t s :   -   n a m e :   c o n f i g - v o l   m o u n t P a t h :   / e t c / c o n f i g   v o l u m e s :   -   n a m e :   c o n f i g - v o l   c o n f i g M a p :   n a m e :   l o g - c o n f i g   i t e m s :   -   k e y :   l o g _ l e v e l   p a t h :   l o g _ l e v e l . c o n f   T h e   l o g - c o n f i g   C o n f i g M a p   i s   m o u n t e d   a s   a   v o l u m e ,   a n d   a l l   c o n t e n t s   s t o r e d   i n   i t s   l o g _ l e v e l   e n t r y   a r e   m o u n t e d   i n t o   t h e   P o d   a t   p a t h   / e t c / c o n f i g / l o g _ l e v e l . c o n f .   N o t e   t h a t   t h i s   p a t h   i s   d e r i v e d   f r o


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: Y o u   m u s t   c r e a t e   a   C o n f i g M a p   b e f o r e   y o u   c a n   u s e   i t . A   C o n f i g M a p   i s   a l w a y s   m o u n t e d   a s   r e a d O n l y . A   c o n t a i n e r   u s i n g   a   C o n f i g M a p   a s   a   s u b P a t h   v o l u m e   m o u n t   w i l l   n o t   r e c e i v e   u p d a t e s   w h e n   t h e   C o n f i g M a p   c h a n g e s . T e x t   d a t a   i s   e x p o s e d   a s   f i l e s   u s i n g   t h e   U T F - 8   c h a r a c t e r   e n c o d i n g .   F o r   o t h e r   c h a r a c t e r   e n c o d i n g s ,   u s e   b i n a r y D a t a .   Y o u   m u s t   c r e a t e   a   C o n f i g M a p   b e f o r e   y o u   c a n   u s e   i t .   A   C o n f i g M a p   i s   a l w a y s   m o u n t e d   a s   r e a d O n l y .   A   c o n t a i n e r   u s i n g   a   C o n f i g M a p   a s   a   s u b P a t h   v o l u m e   m o u n t   w i l l   n o t   r e c e i v e   u p d a t e s   w h e n   t h e   C o n f i g M a p   c h a n g e s .   T e x t   d a t a   i s   e x p o s e d   a s   f i l e s   u s i n g   t h e   U T F - 8   c h a r a c t e r   e n c o d i n g .   F o r   o t h e r   c h a r a c t e r   e n c o d i n g s ,   u s e   b i n a r y D a t a .


Question: What is downwardAPI?

Answer: A   d o w n w a r d A P I   v o l u m e   m a k e s   d o w n w a r d   A P I   d a t a   a v a i l a b l e   t o   a p p l i c a t i o n s .   W i t h i n   t h e   v o l u m e ,   y o u   c a n   f i n d   t h e   e x p o s e d   d a t a   a s   r e a d - o n l y   f i l e s   i n   p l a i n   t e x t   f o r m a t .


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: S e e   E x p o s e   P o d   I n f o r m a t i o n   t o   C o n t a i n e r s   T h r o u g h   F i l e s   t o   l e a r n   m o r e .


Question: What is emptyDir?

Answer: F o r   a   P o d   t h a t   d e f i n e s   a n   e m p t y D i r   v o l u m e ,   t h e   v o l u m e   i s   c r e a t e d   w h e n   t h e   P o d   i s   a s s i g n e d   t o   a   n o d e .   A s   t h e   n a m e   s a y s ,   t h e   e m p t y D i r   v o l u m e   i s   i n i t i a l l y   e m p t y .   A l l   c o n t a i n e r s   i n   t h e   P o d   c a n   r e a d   a n d   w r i t e   t h e   s a m e   f i l e s   i n   t h e   e m p t y D i r   v o l u m e ,   t h o u g h   t h a t   v o l u m e   c a n   b e   m o u n t e d   a t   t h e   s a m e   o r   d i f f e r e n t   p a t h s   i n   e a c h   c o n t a i n e r .   W h e n   a   P o d   i s   r e m o v e d   f r o m   a   n o d e   f o r   a n y   r e a s o n ,   t h e   d a t a   i n   t h e   e m p t y D i r   i s   d e l e t e d   p e r m a n e n t l y .


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: S o m e   u s e s   f o r   a n   e m p t y D i r   a r e :   s c r a t c h   s p a c e ,   s u c h   a s   f o r   a   d i s k - b a s e d   m e r g e   s o r t c h e c k p o i n t i n g   a   l o n g   c o m p u t a t i o n   f o r   r e c o v e r y   f r o m   c r a s h e s h o l d i n g   f i l e s   t h a t   a   c o n t e n t - m a n a g e r   c o n t a i n e r   f e t c h e s   w h i l e   a   w e b s e r v e r   c o n t a i n e r   s e r v e s   t h e   d a t a   T h e   e m p t y D i r . m e d i u m   f i e l d   c o n t r o l s   w h e r e   e m p t y D i r   v o l u m e s   a r e   s t o r e d .   B y   d e f a u l t   e m p t y D i r   v o l u m e s   a r e   s t o r e d   o n   w h a t e v e r   m e d i u m   t h a t   b a c k s   t h e   n o d e   s u c h   a s   d i s k ,   S S D ,   o r   n e t w o r k   s t o r a g e ,   d e p e n d i n g   o n   y o u r   e n v i r o n m e n t .   I f   y o u   s e t   t h e   e m p t y D i r . m e d i u m   f i e l d   t o   " M e m o r y " ,   K u b e r n e t e s   m o u n t s   a   t m p f s   ( R A M - b a c k e d   f i l e s y s t e m )   f o r   y o u   i n s t e a d .   W h i l e   t m p f s   i s   v e r y   f a s t ,   b e   a w a r e   t h a t ,   u n l i k e   d i s k s ,   f i l e s   y o u   w r i t e   c o u n t   a g a i n s t   t h e   m e m o r y   l i m i t   o f   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   t h a t   w r o t e   t h e m .   A   s i z e   l i m i t   c a n   b e   s p e c i f i e d   f o r   t h e   d e f a u l t   m e d i u m ,   w h i c h   l i m i t s   t h e   c a p a c i t y   o f   t h e   e m p t y D i r   v o l u m e .   T h e   s t o r a g e   i s   a l l o c a t e d   f r o m   n o d e   e p h e m e r a l   s t o r a g e .   I f   t h a t   i s   f i l l e d   u p   f r o m   a n o t h e r   s o u r c e   ( f o r   e x a m p l e ,   l o g   f i l e s   o r   i m a g e   o v e r l a y s ) ,   t h e   e m p t y D i r   m a y   r u n   o u t   o f   c a p a c i t y   b e f o r e   t h i s


Question: What is emptyDir configuration example?

Answer: a p i V e r s i o n :   v 1   k i n d :   P o d   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   t e s t - p d   s p e c :   c o n t a i n e r s :   -   i m a g e :   r e g i s t r y . k 8 s . i o / t e s t - w e b s e r v e r   n a m e :   t e s t - c o n t a i n e r   v o l u m e M o u n t s :   -   m o u n t P a t h :   / c a c h e   n a m e :   c a c h e - v o l u m e   v o l u m e s :   -   n a m e :   c a c h e - v o l u m e   e m p t y D i r :   s i z e L i m i t :   5 0 0 M i


Question: What is emptyDir memory configuration example?

Answer: a p i V e r s i o n :   v 1   k i n d :   P o d   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   t e s t - p d   s p e c :   c o n t a i n e r s :   -   i m a g e :   r e g i s t r y . k 8 s . i o / t e s t - w e b s e r v e r   n a m e :   t e s t - c o n t a i n e r   v o l u m e M o u n t s :   -   m o u n t P a t h :   / c a c h e   n a m e :   c a c h e - v o l u m e   v o l u m e s :   -   n a m e :   c a c h e - v o l u m e   e m p t y D i r :   s i z e L i m i t :   5 0 0 M i   m e d i u m :   M e m o r y


Question: What is fc (fibre channel)?

Answer: A n   f c   v o l u m e   t y p e   a l l o w s   a n   e x i s t i n g   f i b r e   c h a n n e l   b l o c k   s t o r a g e   v o l u m e   t o   b e   m o u n t e d   i n   a   P o d .   Y o u   c a n   s p e c i f y   s i n g l e   o r   m u l t i p l e   t a r g e t   w o r l d   w i d e   n a m e s   ( W W N s )   u s i n g   t h e   p a r a m e t e r   t a r g e t W W N s   i n   y o u r   V o l u m e   c o n f i g u r a t i o n .   I f   m u l t i p l e   W W N s   a r e   s p e c i f i e d ,   t a r g e t W W N s   e x p e c t   t h a t   t h o s e   W W N s   a r e   f r o m   m u l t i - p a t h   c o n n e c t i o n s .


Question: What is gcePersistentDisk (deprecated)?

Answer: I n   K u b e r n e t e s   1 . 3 4 ,   a l l   o p e r a t i o n s   f o r   t h e   i n - t r e e   g c e P e r s i s t e n t D i s k   t y p e   a r e   r e d i r e c t e d   t o   t h e   p d . c s i . s t o r a g e . g k e . i o   C S I   d r i v e r .   T h e   g c e P e r s i s t e n t D i s k   i n - t r e e   s t o r a g e   d r i v e r   w a s   d e p r e c a t e d   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   v 1 . 1 7   r e l e a s e   a n d   t h e n   r e m o v e d   e n t i r e l y   i n   t h e   v 1 . 2 8   r e l e a s e .   T h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t   s u g g e s t s   t h a t   y o u   u s e   t h e   G o o g l e   C o m p u t e   E n g i n e   P e r s i s t e n t   D i s k   C S I   t h i r d   p a r t y   s t o r a g e   d r i v e r   i n s t e a d .


Question: What is Warning:?

Answer: T h e   g i t R e p o   v o l u m e   p l u g i n   i s   d e p r e c a t e d   a n d   i s   d i s a b l e d   b y   d e f a u l t .   T o   p r o v i s i o n   a   P o d   t h a t   h a s   a   G i t   r e p o s i t o r y   m o u n t e d ,   y o u   c a n   m o u n t   a n   e m p t y D i r   v o l u m e   i n t o   a n   i n i t   c o n t a i n e r   t h a t   c l o n e s   t h e   r e p o   u s i n g   G i t ,   t h e n   m o u n t   t h e   E m p t y D i r   i n t o   t h e   P o d ' s   c o n t a i n e r .   Y o u   c a n   r e s t r i c t   t h e   u s e   o f   g i t R e p o   v o l u m e s   i n   y o u r   c l u s t e r   u s i n g   p o l i c i e s ,   s u c h   a s   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y .   Y o u   c a n   u s e   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   C o m m o n   E x p r e s s i o n   L a n g u a g e   ( C E L )   e x p r e s s i o n   a s   p a r t   o f   a   p o l i c y   t o   r e j e c t   u s e   o f   g i t R e p o   v o l u m e s :   ! h a s ( o b j e c t . s p e c . v o l u m e s )   | |   ! o b j e c t . s p e c . v o l u m e s . e x i s t s ( v ,   h a s ( v . g i t R e p o ) )   Y o u   c a n   u s e   t h i s   d e p r e c a t e d   s t o r a g e   p l u g i n   i n   y o u r   c l u s t e r   i f   y o u   e x p l i c i t l y   e n a b l e   t h e   G i t R e p o V o l u m e D r i v e r   f e a t u r e   g a t e .   A   g i t R e p o   v o l u m e   i s   a n   e x a m p l e   o f   a   v o l u m e   p l u g i n .   T h i s   p l u g i n   m o u n t s   a n   e m p t y   d i r e c t o r y   a n d   c l o n e s   a   g i t   r e p o s i t o r y   i n t o   t h i s   d i r e c t o r y   f o r   y o u r   P o d   t o   u s e .   H e r e   i s   a n   e x a m p l e   o f   a   g i t R e p o   v o l u m e :   a p i V e r s i o n :   v 1   k i n d :   P o d   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   s e r v e r   s p e c :   c o n t a i n e r s :   -   i m a g e :   n g i n x   n a m e :   n g i n x   v o l u m e M o u n t s :   -


Question: What is glusterfs (removed)?

Answer: K u b e r n e t e s   1 . 3 4   d o e s   n o t   i n c l u d e   a   g l u s t e r f s   v o l u m e   t y p e .   T h e   G l u s t e r F S   i n - t r e e   s t o r a g e   d r i v e r   w a s   d e p r e c a t e d   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   v 1 . 2 5   r e l e a s e   a n d   t h e n   r e m o v e d   e n t i r e l y   i n   t h e   v 1 . 2 6   r e l e a s e .


Question: What is hostPath?

Answer: A   h o s t P a t h   v o l u m e   m o u n t s   a   f i l e   o r   d i r e c t o r y   f r o m   t h e   h o s t   n o d e ' s   f i l e s y s t e m   i n t o   y o u r   P o d .   T h i s   i s   n o t   s o m e t h i n g   t h a t   m o s t   P o d s   w i l l   n e e d ,   b u t   i t   o f f e r s   a   p o w e r f u l   e s c a p e   h a t c h   f o r   s o m e   a p p l i c a t i o n s .


Question: What is Warning:?

Answer: U s i n g   t h e   h o s t P a t h   v o l u m e   t y p e   p r e s e n t s   m a n y   s e c u r i t y   r i s k s .   I f   y o u   c a n   a v o i d   u s i n g   a   h o s t P a t h   v o l u m e ,   y o u   s h o u l d .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   d e f i n e   a   l o c a l   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e ,   a n d   u s e   t h a t   i n s t e a d .   I f   y o u   a r e   r e s t r i c t i n g   a c c e s s   t o   s p e c i f i c   d i r e c t o r i e s   o n   t h e   n o d e   u s i n g   a d m i s s i o n - t i m e   v a l i d a t i o n ,   t h a t   r e s t r i c t i o n   i s   o n l y   e f f e c t i v e   w h e n   y o u   a d d i t i o n a l l y   r e q u i r e   t h a t   a n y   m o u n t s   o f   t h a t   h o s t P a t h   v o l u m e   a r e   r e a d   o n l y .   I f   y o u   a l l o w   a   r e a d - w r i t e   m o u n t   o f   a n y   h o s t   p a t h   b y   a n   u n t r u s t e d   P o d ,   t h e   c o n t a i n e r s   i n   t h a t   P o d   m a y   b e   a b l e   t o   s u b v e r t   t h e   r e a d - w r i t e   h o s t   m o u n t .   T a k e   c a r e   w h e n   u s i n g   h o s t P a t h   v o l u m e s ,   w h e t h e r   t h e s e   a r e   m o u n t e d   a s   r e a d - o n l y   o r   a s   r e a d - w r i t e ,   b e c a u s e :   A c c e s s   t o   t h e   h o s t   f i l e s y s t e m   c a n   e x p o s e   p r i v i l e g e d   s y s t e m   c r e d e n t i a l s   ( s u c h   a s   f o r   t h e   k u b e l e t )   o r   p r i v i l e g e d   A P I s   ( s u c h   a s   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   r u n t i m e   s o c k e t )   t h a t   c a n   b e   u s e d   f o r   c o n t a i n e r   e s c a p e   o r   t o   a t t a c k   o t h e r   p a r t s   o f   t h e   c l u s t e r . P o d s   w i t h   i d e n t i c a l   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   ( s u c h   a s   c r e a t e d   f r o m   a   P o d T e m p l a t e )   m a y   b e h a v e   d i f f e r e n t l y   o n   d i f f e r e n t   n o d e s


Question: What is hostPath volume types?

Answer: I n   a d d i t i o n   t o   t h e   r e q u i r e d   p a t h   p r o p e r t y ,   y o u   c a n   o p t i o n a l l y   s p e c i f y   a   t y p e   f o r   a   h o s t P a t h   v o l u m e .   T h e   a v a i l a b l e   v a l u e s   f o r   t y p e   a r e :


Question: What is Caution:?

Answer: S o m e   f i l e s   o r   d i r e c t o r i e s   c r e a t e d   o n   t h e   u n d e r l y i n g   h o s t s   m i g h t   o n l y   b e   a c c e s s i b l e   b y   r o o t .   Y o u   t h e n   e i t h e r   n e e d   t o   r u n   y o u r   p r o c e s s   a s   r o o t   i n   a   p r i v i l e g e d   c o n t a i n e r   o r   m o d i f y   t h e   f i l e   p e r m i s s i o n s   o n   t h e   h o s t   t o   r e a d   f r o m   o r   w r i t e   t o   a   h o s t P a t h   v o l u m e .


Question: What is hostPath configuration example?

Answer: - - -   #   T h i s   m a n i f e s t   m o u n t s   / d a t a / f o o   o n   t h e   h o s t   a s   / f o o   i n s i d e   t h e   #   s i n g l e   c o n t a i n e r   t h a t   r u n s   w i t h i n   t h e   h o s t p a t h - e x a m p l e - l i n u x   P o d .   #   #   T h e   m o u n t   i n t o   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   i s   r e a d - o n l y .   a p i V e r s i o n :   v 1   k i n d :   P o d   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   h o s t p a t h - e x a m p l e - l i n u x   s p e c :   o s :   {   n a m e :   l i n u x   }   n o d e S e l e c t o r :   k u b e r n e t e s . i o / o s :   l i n u x   c o n t a i n e r s :   -   n a m e :   e x a m p l e - c o n t a i n e r   i m a g e :   r e g i s t r y . k 8 s . i o / t e s t - w e b s e r v e r   v o l u m e M o u n t s :   -   m o u n t P a t h :   / f o o   n a m e :   e x a m p l e - v o l u m e   r e a d O n l y :   t r u e   v o l u m e s :   -   n a m e :   e x a m p l e - v o l u m e   #   m o u n t   / d a t a / f o o ,   b u t   o n l y   i f   t h a t   d i r e c t o r y   a l r e a d y   e x i s t s   h o s t P a t h :   p a t h :   / d a t a / f o o   #   d i r e c t o r y   l o c a t i o n   o n   h o s t   t y p e :   D i r e c t o r y   #   t h i s   f i e l d   i s   o p t i o n a l   - - -   #   T h i s   m a n i f e s t   m o u n t s   / d a t a / f o o   o n   t h e   h o s t   a s   / f o o   i n s i d e   t h e   #   s i n g l e   c o n t a i n e r   t h a t   r u n s   w i t h i n   t h e   h o s t p a t h - e x a m p l e - l i n u x   P o d .   #   #   T h e   m o u n t   i n t o   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   i s   r e a d - o n l y .   a p i V e r s i o n :   v 1   k i n d :   P o d   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   h o s t p a t h - e x a m p l e - l i n u x   s p e c :   o s :   {   n a m e :   l i n u x   }   n o d e S e l e c t o r :   k u b e r n e t e s . i o / o s :   l i n u x   c o n t a i n e r s :   -   n a m e :   e x a m p l e - c o n t a i n e r   i m a g e :


Question: What is hostPath FileOrCreate configuration example?

Answer: T h e   f o l l o w i n g   m a n i f e s t   d e f i n e s   a   P o d   t h a t   m o u n t s   / v a r / l o c a l / a a a   i n s i d e   t h e   s i n g l e   c o n t a i n e r   i n   t h e   P o d .   I f   t h e   n o d e   d o e s   n o t   a l r e a d y   h a v e   a   p a t h   / v a r / l o c a l / a a a ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   c r e a t e s   i t   a s   a   d i r e c t o r y   a n d   t h e n   m o u n t s   i t   i n t o   t h e   P o d .   I f   / v a r / l o c a l / a a a   a l r e a d y   e x i s t s   b u t   i s   n o t   a   d i r e c t o r y ,   t h e   P o d   f a i l s .   A d d i t i o n a l l y ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   a t t e m p t s   t o   m a k e   a   f i l e   n a m e d   / v a r / l o c a l / a a a / 1 . t x t   i n s i d e   t h a t   d i r e c t o r y   ( a s   s e e n   f r o m   t h e   h o s t ) ;   i f   s o m e t h i n g   a l r e a d y   e x i s t s   a t   t h a t   p a t h   a n d   i s n ' t   a   r e g u l a r   f i l e ,   t h e   P o d   f a i l s .   H e r e ' s   t h e   e x a m p l e   m a n i f e s t :   a p i V e r s i o n :   v 1   k i n d :   P o d   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   t e s t - w e b s e r v e r   s p e c :   o s :   {   n a m e :   l i n u x   }   n o d e S e l e c t o r :   k u b e r n e t e s . i o / o s :   l i n u x   c o n t a i n e r s :   -   n a m e :   t e s t - w e b s e r v e r   i m a g e :   r e g i s t r y . k 8 s . i o / t e s t - w e b s e r v e r : l a t e s t   v o l u m e M o u n t s :   -   m o u n t P a t h :   / v a r / l o c a l / a a a   n a m e :   m y d i r   -   m o u n t P a t h :   / v a r / l o c a l / a a a / 1 . t x t   n a m e :   m y f i l e   v o l u m e s :   -   n a m e :   m y d i r   h o s t P a t h :   #   E n s u r e   t h e   f i l e   d i r e c t o r y   i s   c r e a t e d .   p a t h :   / v a r / l o c a l / a a a   t y p e :   D i r e c t o r y O r C r e a t e   -   n a m e :   m y f i l e   h o s t P a t h :   p a t h :   / v a r / l o c a l /


Question: What is image?

Answer: A n   i m a g e   v o l u m e   s o u r c e   r e p r e s e n t s   a n   O C I   o b j e c t   ( a   c o n t a i n e r   i m a g e   o r   a r t i f a c t )   w h i c h   i s   a v a i l a b l e   o n   t h e   k u b e l e t ' s   h o s t   m a c h i n e .   A n   e x a m p l e   o f   u s i n g   t h e   i m a g e   v o l u m e   s o u r c e   i s :   a p i V e r s i o n :   v 1   k i n d :   P o d   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   i m a g e - v o l u m e   s p e c :   c o n t a i n e r s :   -   n a m e :   s h e l l   c o m m a n d :   [ " s l e e p " ,   " i n f i n i t y " ]   i m a g e :   d e b i a n   v o l u m e M o u n t s :   -   n a m e :   v o l u m e   m o u n t P a t h :   / v o l u m e   v o l u m e s :   -   n a m e :   v o l u m e   i m a g e :   r e f e r e n c e :   q u a y . i o / c r i o / a r t i f a c t : v 2   p u l l P o l i c y :   I f N o t P r e s e n t   T h e   v o l u m e   i s   r e s o l v e d   a t   p o d   s t a r t u p   d e p e n d i n g   o n   w h i c h   p u l l P o l i c y   v a l u e   i s   p r o v i d e d :   T h e   v o l u m e   g e t s   r e - r e s o l v e d   i f   t h e   p o d   g e t s   d e l e t e d   a n d   r e c r e a t e d ,   w h i c h   m e a n s   t h a t   n e w   r e m o t e   c o n t e n t   w i l l   b e c o m e   a v a i l a b l e   o n   p o d   r e c r e a t i o n .   A   f a i l u r e   t o   r e s o l v e   o r   p u l l   t h e   i m a g e   d u r i n g   p o d   s t a r t u p   w i l l   b l o c k   c o n t a i n e r s   f r o m   s t a r t i n g   a n d   m a y   a d d   s i g n i f i c a n t   l a t e n c y .   F a i l u r e s   w i l l   b e   r e t r i e d   u s i n g   n o r m a l   v o l u m e   b a c k o f f   a n d   w i l l   b e   r e p o r t e d   o n   t h e   p o d   r e a s o n   a n d   m e s s a g e .   T h e   t y p e s   o f   o b j e c t s   t h a t   m a y   b e   m o u n t e d   b y   t h i s   v o l u m e   a r e   d e f i n e d   b y   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   r u n


Question: What is iscsi?

Answer: A n   i s c s i   v o l u m e   a l l o w s   a n   e x i s t i n g   i S C S I   ( S C S I   o v e r   I P )   v o l u m e   t o   b e   m o u n t e d   i n t o   y o u r   P o d .   U n l i k e   e m p t y D i r ,   w h i c h   i s   e r a s e d   w h e n   a   P o d   i s   r e m o v e d ,   t h e   c o n t e n t s   o f   a n   i s c s i   v o l u m e   a r e   p r e s e r v e d   a n d   t h e   v o l u m e   i s   m e r e l y   u n m o u n t e d .   T h i s   m e a n s   t h a t   a n   i s c s i   v o l u m e   c a n   b e   p r e - p o p u l a t e d   w i t h   d a t a ,   a n d   t h a t   d a t a   c a n   b e   s h a r e d   b e t w e e n   p o d s .


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: A   f e a t u r e   o f   i S C S I   i s   t h a t   i t   c a n   b e   m o u n t e d   a s   r e a d - o n l y   b y   m u l t i p l e   c o n s u m e r s   s i m u l t a n e o u s l y .   T h i s   m e a n s   t h a t   y o u   c a n   p r e - p o p u l a t e   a   v o l u m e   w i t h   y o u r   d a t a s e t   a n d   t h e n   s e r v e   i t   i n   p a r a l l e l   f r o m   a s   m a n y   P o d s   a s   y o u   n e e d .   U n f o r t u n a t e l y ,   i S C S I   v o l u m e s   c a n   o n l y   b e   m o u n t e d   b y   a   s i n g l e   c o n s u m e r   i n   r e a d - w r i t e   m o d e .   S i m u l t a n e o u s   w r i t e r s   a r e   n o t   a l l o w e d .


Question: What is local?

Answer: A   l o c a l   v o l u m e   r e p r e s e n t s   a   m o u n t e d   l o c a l   s t o r a g e   d e v i c e   s u c h   a s   a   d i s k ,   p a r t i t i o n   o r   d i r e c t o r y .   L o c a l   v o l u m e s   c a n   o n l y   b e   u s e d   a s   a   s t a t i c a l l y   c r e a t e d   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e .   D y n a m i c   p r o v i s i o n i n g   i s   n o t   s u p p o r t e d .   C o m p a r e d   t o   h o s t P a t h   v o l u m e s ,   l o c a l   v o l u m e s   a r e   u s e d   i n   a   d u r a b l e   a n d   p o r t a b l e   m a n n e r   w i t h o u t   m a n u a l l y   s c h e d u l i n g   p o d s   t o   n o d e s .   T h e   s y s t e m   i s   a w a r e   o f   t h e   v o l u m e ' s   n o d e   c o n s t r a i n t s   b y   l o o k i n g   a t   t h e   n o d e   a f f i n i t y   o n   t h e   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e .   H o w e v e r ,   l o c a l   v o l u m e s   a r e   s u b j e c t   t o   t h e   a v a i l a b i l i t y   o f   t h e   u n d e r l y i n g   n o d e   a n d   a r e   n o t   s u i t a b l e   f o r   a l l   a p p l i c a t i o n s .   I f   a   n o d e   b e c o m e s   u n h e a l t h y ,   t h e n   t h e   l o c a l   v o l u m e   b e c o m e s   i n a c c e s s i b l e   t o   t h e   p o d .   T h e   p o d   u s i n g   t h i s   v o l u m e   i s   u n a b l e   t o   r u n .   A p p l i c a t i o n s   u s i n g   l o c a l   v o l u m e s   m u s t   b e   a b l e   t o   t o l e r a t e   t h i s   r e d u c e d   a v a i l a b i l i t y ,   a s   w e l l   a s   p o t e n t i a l   d a t a   l o s s ,   d e p e n d i n g   o n   t h e   d u r a b i l i t y   c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s   o f   t h e   u n d e r l y i n g   d i s k .   T h e   f o l l o w i n g   e x a m p l e   s h o w s   a   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e   u s i n g   a   l o c a l   v o l u m e   a n d   n o d e A f f i n i t y :   a p i V e r s i o n :   v 1   k i n d :   P e r s i s t e n t V


Question: What is nfs?

Answer: A n   n f s   v o l u m e   a l l o w s   a n   e x i s t i n g   N F S   ( N e t w o r k   F i l e   S y s t e m )   s h a r e   t o   b e   m o u n t e d   i n t o   a   P o d .   U n l i k e   e m p t y D i r ,   w h i c h   i s   e r a s e d   w h e n   a   P o d   i s   r e m o v e d ,   t h e   c o n t e n t s   o f   a n   n f s   v o l u m e   a r e   p r e s e r v e d   a n d   t h e   v o l u m e   i s   m e r e l y   u n m o u n t e d .   T h i s   m e a n s   t h a t   a n   N F S   v o l u m e   c a n   b e   p r e - p o p u l a t e d   w i t h   d a t a ,   a n d   t h a t   d a t a   c a n   b e   s h a r e d   b e t w e e n   p o d s .   N F S   c a n   b e   m o u n t e d   b y   m u l t i p l e   w r i t e r s   s i m u l t a n e o u s l y .   a p i V e r s i o n :   v 1   k i n d :   P o d   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   t e s t - p d   s p e c :   c o n t a i n e r s :   -   i m a g e :   r e g i s t r y . k 8 s . i o / t e s t - w e b s e r v e r   n a m e :   t e s t - c o n t a i n e r   v o l u m e M o u n t s :   -   m o u n t P a t h :   / m y - n f s - d a t a   n a m e :   t e s t - v o l u m e   v o l u m e s :   -   n a m e :   t e s t - v o l u m e   n f s :   s e r v e r :   m y - n f s - s e r v e r . e x a m p l e . c o m   p a t h :   / m y - n f s - v o l u m e   r e a d O n l y :   t r u e


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: Y o u   m u s t   h a v e   y o u r   o w n   N F S   s e r v e r   r u n n i n g   w i t h   t h e   s h a r e   e x p o r t e d   b e f o r e   y o u   c a n   u s e   i t .   A l s o   n o t e   t h a t   y o u   c a n ' t   s p e c i f y   N F S   m o u n t   o p t i o n s   i n   a   P o d   s p e c .   Y o u   c a n   e i t h e r   s e t   m o u n t   o p t i o n s   s e r v e r - s i d e   o r   u s e   / e t c / n f s m o u n t . c o n f .   Y o u   c a n   a l s o   m o u n t   N F S   v o l u m e s   v i a   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e s   w h i c h   d o   a l l o w   y o u   t o   s e t   m o u n t   o p t i o n s .


Question: What is persistentVolumeClaim?

Answer: A   p e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e C l a i m   v o l u m e   i s   u s e d   t o   m o u n t   a   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e   i n t o   a   P o d .   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e C l a i m s   a r e   a   w a y   f o r   u s e r s   t o   " c l a i m "   d u r a b l e   s t o r a g e   ( s u c h   a s   a n   i S C S I   v o l u m e )   w i t h o u t   k n o w i n g   t h e   d e t a i l s   o f   t h e   p a r t i c u l a r   c l o u d   e n v i r o n m e n t .   S e e   t h e   i n f o r m a t i o n   a b o u t   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e s   f o r   m o r e   d e t a i l s .


Question: What is portworxVolume (deprecated)?

Answer: A   p o r t w o r x V o l u m e   i s   a n   e l a s t i c   b l o c k   s t o r a g e   l a y e r   t h a t   r u n s   h y p e r c o n v e r g e d   w i t h   K u b e r n e t e s .   P o r t w o r x   f i n g e r p r i n t s   s t o r a g e   i n   a   s e r v e r ,   t i e r s   b a s e d   o n   c a p a b i l i t i e s ,   a n d   a g g r e g a t e s   c a p a c i t y   a c r o s s   m u l t i p l e   s e r v e r s .   P o r t w o r x   r u n s   i n - g u e s t   i n   v i r t u a l   m a c h i n e s   o r   o n   b a r e   m e t a l   L i n u x   n o d e s .   A   p o r t w o r x V o l u m e   c a n   b e   d y n a m i c a l l y   c r e a t e d   t h r o u g h   K u b e r n e t e s   o r   i t   c a n   a l s o   b e   p r e - p r o v i s i o n e d   a n d   r e f e r e n c e d   i n s i d e   a   P o d .   H e r e   i s   a n   e x a m p l e   P o d   r e f e r e n c i n g   a   p r e - p r o v i s i o n e d   P o r t w o r x   v o l u m e :   a p i V e r s i o n :   v 1   k i n d :   P o d   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   t e s t - p o r t w o r x - v o l u m e - p o d   s p e c :   c o n t a i n e r s :   -   i m a g e :   r e g i s t r y . k 8 s . i o / t e s t - w e b s e r v e r   n a m e :   t e s t - c o n t a i n e r   v o l u m e M o u n t s :   -   m o u n t P a t h :   / m n t   n a m e :   p x v o l   v o l u m e s :   -   n a m e :   p x v o l   #   T h i s   P o r t w o r x   v o l u m e   m u s t   a l r e a d y   e x i s t .   p o r t w o r x V o l u m e :   v o l u m e I D :   " p x v o l "   f s T y p e :   " < f s - t y p e > "


Question: What is Portworx CSI migration?

Answer: I n   K u b e r n e t e s   1 . 3 4 ,   a l l   o p e r a t i o n s   f o r   t h e   i n - t r e e   P o r t w o r x   v o l u m e s   a r e   r e d i r e c t e d   t o   t h e   p x d . p o r t w o r x . c o m   C o n t a i n e r   S t o r a g e   I n t e r f a c e   ( C S I )   D r i v e r   b y   d e f a u l t . P o r t w o r x   C S I   D r i v e r   m u s t   b e   i n s t a l l e d   o n   t h e   c l u s t e r .


Question: What is projected?

Answer: A   p r o j e c t e d   v o l u m e   m a p s   s e v e r a l   e x i s t i n g   v o l u m e   s o u r c e s   i n t o   t h e   s a m e   d i r e c t o r y .   F o r   m o r e   d e t a i l s ,   s e e   p r o j e c t e d   v o l u m e s .


Question: What is rbd (removed)?

Answer: K u b e r n e t e s   1 . 3 4   d o e s   n o t   i n c l u d e   a   r b d   v o l u m e   t y p e .   T h e   R a d o s   B l o c k   D e v i c e   ( R B D )   i n - t r e e   s t o r a g e   d r i v e r   a n d   i t s   c s i   m i g r a t i o n   s u p p o r t   w e r e   d e p r e c a t e d   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   v 1 . 2 8   r e l e a s e   a n d   t h e n   r e m o v e d   e n t i r e l y   i n   t h e   v 1 . 3 1   r e l e a s e .


Question: What is secret?

Answer: A   s e c r e t   v o l u m e   i s   u s e d   t o   p a s s   s e n s i t i v e   i n f o r m a t i o n ,   s u c h   a s   p a s s w o r d s ,   t o   P o d s .   Y o u   c a n   s t o r e   s e c r e t s   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I   a n d   m o u n t   t h e m   a s   f i l e s   f o r   u s e   b y   p o d s   w i t h o u t   c o u p l i n g   t o   K u b e r n e t e s   d i r e c t l y .   s e c r e t   v o l u m e s   a r e   b a c k e d   b y   t m p f s   ( a   R A M - b a c k e d   f i l e s y s t e m )   s o   t h e y   a r e   n e v e r   w r i t t e n   t o   n o n - v o l a t i l e   s t o r a g e .


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: Y o u   m u s t   c r e a t e   a   S e c r e t   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I   b e f o r e   y o u   c a n   u s e   i t . A   S e c r e t   i s   a l w a y s   m o u n t e d   a s   r e a d O n l y . A   c o n t a i n e r   u s i n g   a   S e c r e t   a s   a   s u b P a t h   v o l u m e   m o u n t   w i l l   n o t   r e c e i v e   S e c r e t   u p d a t e s .   Y o u   m u s t   c r e a t e   a   S e c r e t   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I   b e f o r e   y o u   c a n   u s e   i t .   A   S e c r e t   i s   a l w a y s   m o u n t e d   a s   r e a d O n l y .   A   c o n t a i n e r   u s i n g   a   S e c r e t   a s   a   s u b P a t h   v o l u m e   m o u n t   w i l l   n o t   r e c e i v e   S e c r e t   u p d a t e s .   F o r   m o r e   d e t a i l s ,   s e e   C o n f i g u r i n g   S e c r e t s .


Question: What is vsphereVolume (deprecated)?

Answer: I n   K u b e r n e t e s   1 . 3 4 ,   a l l   o p e r a t i o n s   f o r   t h e   i n - t r e e   v s p h e r e V o l u m e   t y p e   a r e   r e d i r e c t e d   t o   t h e   c s i . v s p h e r e . v m w a r e . c o m   C S I   d r i v e r .   T h e   v s p h e r e V o l u m e   i n - t r e e   s t o r a g e   d r i v e r   w a s   d e p r e c a t e d   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   v 1 . 1 9   r e l e a s e   a n d   t h e n   r e m o v e d   e n t i r e l y   i n   t h e   v 1 . 3 0   r e l e a s e .   T h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t   s u g g e s t s   t h a t   y o u   u s e   t h e   v S p h e r e   C S I   t h i r d   p a r t y   s t o r a g e   d r i v e r   i n s t e a d .


Question: What is Using subPath?

Answer: S o m e t i m e s ,   i t   i s   u s e f u l   t o   s h a r e   o n e   v o l u m e   f o r   m u l t i p l e   u s e s   i n   a   s i n g l e   p o d .   T h e   v o l u m e M o u n t s [ * ] . s u b P a t h   p r o p e r t y   s p e c i f i e s   a   s u b - p a t h   i n s i d e   t h e   r e f e r e n c e d   v o l u m e   i n s t e a d   o f   i t s   r o o t .   T h e   f o l l o w i n g   e x a m p l e   s h o w s   h o w   t o   c o n f i g u r e   a   P o d   w i t h   a   L A M P   s t a c k   ( L i n u x   A p a c h e   M y S Q L   P H P )   u s i n g   a   s i n g l e ,   s h a r e d   v o l u m e .   T h i s   s a m p l e   s u b P a t h   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   i s   n o t   r e c o m m e n d e d   f o r   p r o d u c t i o n   u s e .   T h e   P H P   a p p l i c a t i o n ' s   c o d e   a n d   a s s e t s   m a p   t o   t h e   v o l u m e ' s   h t m l   f o l d e r   a n d   t h e   M y S Q L   d a t a b a s e   i s   s t o r e d   i n   t h e   v o l u m e ' s   m y s q l   f o l d e r .   F o r   e x a m p l e :   a p i V e r s i o n :   v 1   k i n d :   P o d   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   m y - l a m p - s i t e   s p e c :   c o n t a i n e r s :   -   n a m e :   m y s q l   i m a g e :   m y s q l   e n v :   -   n a m e :   M Y S Q L _ R O O T _ P A S S W O R D   v a l u e :   " r o o t p a s s w d "   v o l u m e M o u n t s :   -   m o u n t P a t h :   / v a r / l i b / m y s q l   n a m e :   s i t e - d a t a   s u b P a t h :   m y s q l   -   n a m e :   p h p   i m a g e :   p h p : 7 . 0 - a p a c h e   v o l u m e M o u n t s :   -   m o u n t P a t h :   / v a r / w w w / h t m l   n a m e :   s i t e - d a t a   s u b P a t h :   h t m l   v o l u m e s :   -   n a m e :   s i t e - d a t a   p e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e C l a i m :   c l a i m N a m e :   m y - l a m p - s i t e - d a t a


Question: What is Using subPath with expanded environment variables?

Answer: U s e   t h e   s u b P a t h E x p r   f i e l d   t o   c o n s t r u c t   s u b P a t h   d i r e c t o r y   n a m e s   f r o m   d o w n w a r d   A P I   e n v i r o n m e n t   v a r i a b l e s .   T h e   s u b P a t h   a n d   s u b P a t h E x p r   p r o p e r t i e s   a r e   m u t u a l l y   e x c l u s i v e .   I n   t h i s   e x a m p l e ,   a   P o d   u s e s   s u b P a t h E x p r   t o   c r e a t e   a   d i r e c t o r y   p o d 1   w i t h i n   t h e   h o s t P a t h   v o l u m e   / v a r / l o g / p o d s .   T h e   h o s t P a t h   v o l u m e   t a k e s   t h e   P o d   n a m e   f r o m   t h e   d o w n w a r d A P I .   T h e   h o s t   d i r e c t o r y   / v a r / l o g / p o d s / p o d 1   i s   m o u n t e d   a t   / l o g s   i n   t h e   c o n t a i n e r .   a p i V e r s i o n :   v 1   k i n d :   P o d   m e t a d a t a :   n a m e :   p o d 1   s p e c :   c o n t a i n e r s :   -   n a m e :   c o n t a i n e r 1   e n v :   -   n a m e :   P O D _ N A M E   v a l u e F r o m :   f i e l d R e f :   a p i V e r s i o n :   v 1   f i e l d P a t h :   m e t a d a t a . n a m e   i m a g e :   b u s y b o x : 1 . 2 8   c o m m a n d :   [   " s h " ,   " - c " ,   " w h i l e   [   t r u e   ] ;   d o   e c h o   ' H e l l o ' ;   s l e e p   1 0 ;   d o n e   |   t e e   - a   / l o g s / h e l l o . t x t "   ]   v o l u m e M o u n t s :   -   n a m e :   w o r k d i r 1   m o u n t P a t h :   / l o g s   #   T h e   v a r i a b l e   e x p a n s i o n   u s e s   r o u n d   b r a c k e t s   ( n o t   c u r l y   b r a c k e t s ) .   s u b P a t h E x p r :   $ ( P O D _ N A M E )   r e s t a r t P o l i c y :   N e v e r   v o l u m e s :   -   n a m e :   w o r k d i r 1   h o s t P a t h :   p a t h :   / v a r / l o g / p o d s


Question: What is Resources?

Answer: T h e   s t o r a g e   m e d i u m   ( s u c h   a s   D i s k   o r   S S D )   o f   a n   e m p t y D i r   v o l u m e   i s   d e t e r m i n e d   b y   t h e   m e d i u m   o f   t h e   f i l e s y s t e m   h o l d i n g   t h e   k u b e l e t   r o o t   d i r   ( t y p i c a l l y   / v a r / l i b / k u b e l e t ) .   T h e r e   i s   n o   l i m i t   o n   h o w   m u c h   s p a c e   a n   e m p t y D i r   o r   h o s t P a t h   v o l u m e   c a n   c o n s u m e ,   a n d   n o   i s o l a t i o n   b e t w e e n   c o n t a i n e r s   o r   p o d s .   T o   l e a r n   a b o u t   r e q u e s t i n g   s p a c e   u s i n g   a   r e s o u r c e   s p e c i f i c a t i o n ,   s e e   h o w   t o   m a n a g e   r e s o u r c e s .


Question: What is Out-of-tree volume plugins?

Answer: T h e   o u t - o f - t r e e   v o l u m e   p l u g i n s   i n c l u d e   C o n t a i n e r   S t o r a g e   I n t e r f a c e   ( C S I ) ,   a n d   a l s o   F l e x V o l u m e   ( w h i c h   i s   d e p r e c a t e d ) .   T h e s e   p l u g i n s   e n a b l e   s t o r a g e   v e n d o r s   t o   c r e a t e   c u s t o m   s t o r a g e   p l u g i n s   w i t h o u t   a d d i n g   t h e i r   p l u g i n   s o u r c e   c o d e   t o   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   r e p o s i t o r y .   P r e v i o u s l y ,   a l l   v o l u m e   p l u g i n s   w e r e   " i n - t r e e " .   T h e   " i n - t r e e "   p l u g i n s   w e r e   b u i l t ,   l i n k e d ,   c o m p i l e d ,   a n d   s h i p p e d   w i t h   t h e   c o r e   K u b e r n e t e s   b i n a r i e s .   T h i s   m e a n t   t h a t   a d d i n g   a   n e w   s t o r a g e   s y s t e m   t o   K u b e r n e t e s   ( a   v o l u m e   p l u g i n )   r e q u i r e d   c h e c k i n g   c o d e   i n t o   t h e   c o r e   K u b e r n e t e s   c o d e   r e p o s i t o r y .   B o t h   C S I   a n d   F l e x V o l u m e   a l l o w   v o l u m e   p l u g i n s   t o   b e   d e v e l o p e d   i n d e p e n d e n t l y   o f   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   c o d e   b a s e ,   a n d   d e p l o y e d   ( i n s t a l l e d )   o n   K u b e r n e t e s   c l u s t e r s   a s   e x t e n s i o n s .   F o r   s t o r a g e   v e n d o r s   l o o k i n g   t o   c r e a t e   a n   o u t - o f - t r e e   v o l u m e   p l u g i n ,   p l e a s e   r e f e r   t o   t h e   v o l u m e   p l u g i n   F A Q .


Question: What is csi?

Answer: C o n t a i n e r   S t o r a g e   I n t e r f a c e   ( C S I )   d e f i n e s   a   s t a n d a r d   i n t e r f a c e   f o r   c o n t a i n e r   o r c h e s t r a t i o n   s y s t e m s   ( l i k e   K u b e r n e t e s )   t o   e x p o s e   a r b i t r a r y   s t o r a g e   s y s t e m s   t o   t h e i r   c o n t a i n e r   w o r k l o a d s .   P l e a s e   r e a d   t h e   C S I   d e s i g n   p r o p o s a l   f o r   m o r e   i n f o r m a t i o n .


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: O n c e   a   C S I - c o m p a t i b l e   v o l u m e   d r i v e r   i s   d e p l o y e d   o n   a   K u b e r n e t e s   c l u s t e r ,   u s e r s   m a y   u s e   t h e   c s i   v o l u m e   t y p e   t o   a t t a c h   o r   m o u n t   t h e   v o l u m e s   e x p o s e d   b y   t h e   C S I   d r i v e r .   A   c s i   v o l u m e   c a n   b e   u s e d   i n   a   P o d   i n   t h r e e   d i f f e r e n t   w a y s :   t h r o u g h   a   r e f e r e n c e   t o   a   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e C l a i m w i t h   a   g e n e r i c   e p h e m e r a l   v o l u m e w i t h   a   C S I   e p h e m e r a l   v o l u m e   i f   t h e   d r i v e r   s u p p o r t s   t h a t   T h e   f o l l o w i n g   f i e l d s   a r e   a v a i l a b l e   t o   s t o r a g e   a d m i n i s t r a t o r s   t o   c o n f i g u r e   a   C S I   p e r s i s t e n t   v o l u m e :   d r i v e r :   A   s t r i n g   v a l u e   t h a t   s p e c i f i e s   t h e   n a m e   o f   t h e   v o l u m e   d r i v e r   t o   u s e .   T h i s   v a l u e   m u s t   c o r r e s p o n d   t o   t h e   v a l u e   r e t u r n e d   i n   t h e   G e t P l u g i n I n f o R e s p o n s e   b y   t h e   C S I   d r i v e r   a s   d e f i n e d   i n   t h e   C S I   s p e c .   I t   i s   u s e d   b y   K u b e r n e t e s   t o   i d e n t i f y   w h i c h   C S I   d r i v e r   t o   c a l l   o u t   t o ,   a n d   b y   C S I   d r i v e r   c o m p o n e n t s   t o   i d e n t i f y   w h i c h   P V   o b j e c t s   b e l o n g   t o   t h e   C S I   d r i v e r . v o l u m e H a n d l e :   A   s t r i n g   v a l u e   t h a t   u n i q u e l y   i d e n t i f i e s   t h e   v o l u m e .   T h i s   v a l u e   m u s t   c o r r e s p o n d   t o   t h e   v a l u e   r e t u r n e d   i n   t h e   v o l u m e . i d   f i e l d   o f   t h e   C r e a t e V o l u m e R e s p o n s e   b y   t h e   C S I   d r i v e r   a s   d e f i


Question: What is CSI raw block volume support?

Answer: V e n d o r s   w i t h   e x t e r n a l   C S I   d r i v e r s   c a n   i m p l e m e n t   r a w   b l o c k   v o l u m e   s u p p o r t   i n   K u b e r n e t e s   w o r k l o a d s .   Y o u   c a n   s e t   u p   y o u r   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e / P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e C l a i m   w i t h   r a w   b l o c k   v o l u m e   s u p p o r t   a s   u s u a l ,   w i t h o u t   a n y   C S I - s p e c i f i c   c h a n g e s .


Question: What is CSI ephemeral volumes?

Answer: Y o u   c a n   d i r e c t l y   c o n f i g u r e   C S I   v o l u m e s   w i t h i n   t h e   P o d   s p e c i f i c a t i o n .   V o l u m e s   s p e c i f i e d   i n   t h i s   w a y   a r e   e p h e m e r a l   a n d   d o   n o t   p e r s i s t   a c r o s s   p o d   r e s t a r t s .   S e e   E p h e m e r a l   V o l u m e s   f o r   m o r e   i n f o r m a t i o n .   F o r   m o r e   i n f o r m a t i o n   o n   h o w   t o   d e v e l o p   a   C S I   d r i v e r ,   r e f e r   t o   t h e   k u b e r n e t e s - c s i   d o c u m e n t a t i o n


Question: What is Windows CSI proxy?

Answer: C S I   n o d e   p l u g i n s   n e e d   t o   p e r f o r m   v a r i o u s   p r i v i l e g e d   o p e r a t i o n s   l i k e   s c a n n i n g   o f   d i s k   d e v i c e s   a n d   m o u n t i n g   o f   f i l e   s y s t e m s .   T h e s e   o p e r a t i o n s   d i f f e r   f o r   e a c h   h o s t   o p e r a t i n g   s y s t e m .   F o r   L i n u x   w o r k e r   n o d e s ,   c o n t a i n e r i z e d   C S I   n o d e   p l u g i n s   a r e   t y p i c a l l y   d e p l o y e d   a s   p r i v i l e g e d   c o n t a i n e r s .   F o r   W i n d o w s   w o r k e r   n o d e s ,   p r i v i l e g e d   o p e r a t i o n s   f o r   c o n t a i n e r i z e d   C S I   n o d e   p l u g i n s   i s   s u p p o r t e d   u s i n g   c s i - p r o x y ,   a   c o m m u n i t y - m a n a g e d ,   s t a n d - a l o n e   b i n a r y   t h a t   n e e d s   t o   b e   p r e - i n s t a l l e d   o n   e a c h   W i n d o w s   n o d e .   F o r   m o r e   d e t a i l s ,   r e f e r   t o   t h e   d e p l o y m e n t   g u i d e   o f   t h e   C S I   p l u g i n   y o u   w i s h   t o   d e p l o y .


Question: What is Migrating to CSI drivers from in-tree plugins?

Answer: T h e   C S I M i g r a t i o n   f e a t u r e   d i r e c t s   o p e r a t i o n s   a g a i n s t   e x i s t i n g   i n - t r e e   p l u g i n s   t o   c o r r e s p o n d i n g   C S I   p l u g i n s   ( w h i c h   a r e   e x p e c t e d   t o   b e   i n s t a l l e d   a n d   c o n f i g u r e d ) .   A s   a   r e s u l t ,   o p e r a t o r s   d o   n o t   h a v e   t o   m a k e   a n y   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   c h a n g e s   t o   e x i s t i n g   S t o r a g e   C l a s s e s ,   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e s   o r   P e r s i s t e n t V o l u m e C l a i m s   ( r e f e r r i n g   t o   i n - t r e e   p l u g i n s )   w h e n   t r a n s i t i o n i n g   t o   a   C S I   d r i v e r   t h a t   s u p e r s e d e s   a n   i n - t r e e   p l u g i n .


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: E x i s t i n g   P V s   c r e a t e d   b y   a n   i n - t r e e   v o l u m e   p l u g i n   c a n   s t i l l   b e   u s e d   i n   t h e   f u t u r e   w i t h o u t   a n y   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   c h a n g e s ,   e v e n   a f t e r   t h e   m i g r a t i o n   t o   C S I   i s   c o m p l e t e d   f o r   t h a t   v o l u m e   t y p e ,   a n d   e v e n   a f t e r   y o u   u p g r a d e   t o   a   v e r s i o n   o f   K u b e r n e t e s   t h a t   d o e s n ' t   h a v e   c o m p i l e d - i n   s u p p o r t   f o r   t h a t   k i n d   o f   s t o r a g e .   A s   p a r t   o f   t h a t   m i g r a t i o n ,   y o u   -   o r   a n o t h e r   c l u s t e r   a d m i n i s t r a t o r   -   m u s t   h a v e   i n s t a l l e d   a n d   c o n f i g u r e d   t h e   a p p r o p r i a t e   C S I   d r i v e r   f o r   t h a t   s t o r a g e .   T h e   c o r e   o f   K u b e r n e t e s   d o e s   n o t   i n s t a l l   t h a t   s o f t w a r e   f o r   y o u .   A f t e r   t h a t   m i g r a t i o n ,   y o u   c a n   a l s o   d e f i n e   n e w   P V C s   a n d   P V s   t h a t   r e f e r   t o   t h e   l e g a c y ,   b u i l t - i n   s t o r a g e   i n t e g r a t i o n s .   P r o v i d e d   y o u   h a v e   t h e   a p p r o p r i a t e   C S I   d r i v e r   i n s t a l l e d   a n d   c o n f i g u r e d ,   t h e   P V   c r e a t i o n   c o n t i n u e s   t o   w o r k ,   e v e n   f o r   b r a n d   n e w   v o l u m e s .   T h e   a c t u a l   s t o r a g e   m a n a g e m e n t   n o w   h a p p e n s   t h r o u g h   t h e   C S I   d r i v e r .   T h e   o p e r a t i o n s   a n d   f e a t u r e s   t h a t   a r e   s u p p o r t e d   i n c l u d e :   p r o v i s i o n i n g / d e l e t e ,   a t t a c h / d e t a c h ,   m o u n t / u n m o u n t   a n d   r e s i z i n g   o f   v o l u m e s .   I n - t r e e   p l u g i n s   t h a t   s u p p o r t   C S I M i g r a t i o n


Question: What is flexVolume (deprecated)?

Answer: F l e x V o l u m e   i s   a n   o u t - o f - t r e e   p l u g i n   i n t e r f a c e   t h a t   u s e s   a n   e x e c - b a s e d   m o d e l   t o   i n t e r f a c e   w i t h   s t o r a g e   d r i v e r s .   T h e   F l e x V o l u m e   d r i v e r   b i n a r i e s   m u s t   b e   i n s t a l l e d   i n   a   p r e - d e f i n e d   v o l u m e   p l u g i n   p a t h   o n   e a c h   n o d e   a n d   i n   s o m e   c a s e s   t h e   c o n t r o l   p l a n e   n o d e s   a s   w e l l .   P o d s   i n t e r a c t   w i t h   F l e x V o l u m e   d r i v e r s   t h r o u g h   t h e   f l e x V o l u m e   i n - t r e e   v o l u m e   p l u g i n .   T h e   f o l l o w i n g   F l e x V o l u m e   p l u g i n s ,   d e p l o y e d   a s   P o w e r S h e l l   s c r i p t s   o n   t h e   h o s t ,   s u p p o r t   W i n d o w s   n o d e s :   S M B i S C S I


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: F l e x V o l u m e   i s   d e p r e c a t e d .   U s i n g   a n   o u t - o f - t r e e   C S I   d r i v e r   i s   t h e   r e c o m m e n d e d   w a y   t o   i n t e g r a t e   e x t e r n a l   s t o r a g e   w i t h   K u b e r n e t e s .   M a i n t a i n e r s   o f   F l e x V o l u m e   d r i v e r   s h o u l d   i m p l e m e n t   a   C S I   D r i v e r   a n d   h e l p   t o   m i g r a t e   u s e r s   o f   F l e x V o l u m e   d r i v e r s   t o   C S I .   U s e r s   o f   F l e x V o l u m e   s h o u l d   m o v e   t h e i r   w o r k l o a d s   t o   u s e   t h e   e q u i v a l e n t   C S I   D r i v e r .


Question: What is Caution:?

Answer: M o u n t   p r o p a g a t i o n   a l l o w s   f o r   s h a r i n g   v o l u m e s   m o u n t e d   b y   a   c o n t a i n e r   t o   o t h e r   c o n t a i n e r s   i n   t h e   s a m e   p o d ,   o r   e v e n   t o   o t h e r   p o d s   o n   t h e   s a m e   n o d e .   M o u n t   p r o p a g a t i o n   o f   a   v o l u m e   i s   c o n t r o l l e d   b y   t h e   m o u n t P r o p a g a t i o n   f i e l d   i n   c o n t a i n e r s [ * ] . v o l u m e M o u n t s .   I t s   v a l u e s   a r e :   N o n e   -   T h i s   v o l u m e   m o u n t   w i l l   n o t   r e c e i v e   a n y   s u b s e q u e n t   m o u n t s   t h a t   a r e   m o u n t e d   t o   t h i s   v o l u m e   o r   a n y   o f   i t s   s u b d i r e c t o r i e s   b y   t h e   h o s t .   I n   s i m i l a r   f a s h i o n ,   n o   m o u n t s   c r e a t e d   b y   t h e   c o n t a i n e r   w i l l   b e   v i s i b l e   o n   t h e   h o s t .   T h i s   i s   t h e   d e f a u l t   m o d e . T h i s   m o d e   i s   e q u a l   t o   r p r i v a t e   m o u n t   p r o p a g a t i o n   a s   d e s c r i b e d   i n   m o u n t ( 8 ) H o w e v e r ,   t h e   C R I   r u n t i m e   m a y   c h o o s e   r s l a v e   m o u n t   p r o p a g a t i o n   ( i . e . ,   H o s t T o C o n t a i n e r )   i n s t e a d ,   w h e n   r p r i v a t e   p r o p a g a t i o n   i s   n o t   a p p l i c a b l e .   c r i - d o c k e r d   ( D o c k e r )   i s   k n o w n   t o   c h o o s e   r s l a v e   m o u n t   p r o p a g a t i o n   w h e n   t h e   m o u n t   s o u r c e   c o n t a i n s   t h e   D o c k e r   d a e m o n ' s   r o o t   d i r e c t o r y   ( / v a r / l i b / d o c k e r ) . H o s t T o C o n t a i n e r   -   T h i s   v o l u m e   m o u n t   w i l l   r e c e i v e   a l l   s u b s e q u e n t   m o u n t s   t h a t   a r e   m o u n t e d   t o   t h i s   v o l u m e   o r   a n y   o f   i t s   s u b d i r e c t


Question: What is Read-only mounts?

Answer: A   m o u n t   c a n   b e   m a d e   r e a d - o n l y   b y   s e t t i n g   t h e   . s p e c . c o n t a i n e r s [ ] . v o l u m e M o u n t s [ ] . r e a d O n l y   f i e l d   t o   t r u e .   T h i s   d o e s   n o t   m a k e   t h e   v o l u m e   i t s e l f   r e a d - o n l y ,   b u t   t h a t   s p e c i f i c   c o n t a i n e r   w i l l   n o t   b e   a b l e   t o   w r i t e   t o   i t .   O t h e r   c o n t a i n e r s   i n   t h e   P o d   m a y   m o u n t   t h e   s a m e   v o l u m e   a s   r e a d - w r i t e .   O n   L i n u x ,   r e a d - o n l y   m o u n t s   a r e   n o t   r e c u r s i v e l y   r e a d - o n l y   b y   d e f a u l t .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   c o n s i d e r   a   P o d   w h i c h   m o u n t s   t h e   h o s t s   / m n t   a s   a   h o s t P a t h   v o l u m e .   I f   t h e r e   i s   a n o t h e r   f i l e s y s t e m   m o u n t e d   r e a d - w r i t e   o n   / m n t / < S U B M O U N T >   ( s u c h   a s   t m p f s ,   N F S ,   o r   U S B   s t o r a g e ) ,   t h e   v o l u m e   m o u n t e d   i n t o   t h e   c o n t a i n e r ( s )   w i l l   a l s o   h a v e   a   w r i t e a b l e   / m n t / < S U B M O U N T > ,   e v e n   i f   t h e   m o u n t   i t s e l f   w a s   s p e c i f i e d   a s   r e a d - o n l y .


Question: What is Recursive read-only mounts?

Answer: R e c u r s i v e   r e a d - o n l y   m o u n t s   c a n   b e   e n a b l e d   b y   s e t t i n g   t h e   R e c u r s i v e R e a d O n l y M o u n t s   f e a t u r e   g a t e   f o r   k u b e l e t   a n d   k u b e - a p i s e r v e r ,   a n d   s e t t i n g   t h e   . s p e c . c o n t a i n e r s [ ] . v o l u m e M o u n t s [ ] . r e c u r s i v e R e a d O n l y   f i e l d   f o r   a   p o d .   T h e   a l l o w e d   v a l u e s   a r e :   D i s a b l e d   ( d e f a u l t ) :   n o   e f f e c t . E n a b l e d :   m a k e s   t h e   m o u n t   r e c u r s i v e l y   r e a d - o n l y .   N e e d s   a l l   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   r e q u i r e m e n t s   t o   b e   s a t i s f i e d : r e a d O n l y   i s   s e t   t o   t r u e m o u n t P r o p a g a t i o n   i s   u n s e t ,   o r ,   s e t   t o   N o n e T h e   h o s t   i s   r u n n i n g   w i t h   L i n u x   k e r n e l   v 5 . 1 2   o r   l a t e r T h e   C R I - l e v e l   c o n t a i n e r   r u n t i m e   s u p p o r t s   r e c u r s i v e   r e a d - o n l y   m o u n t s T h e   O C I - l e v e l   c o n t a i n e r   r u n t i m e   s u p p o r t s   r e c u r s i v e   r e a d - o n l y   m o u n t s . I t   w i l l   f a i l   i f   a n y   o f   t h e s e   i s   n o t   t r u e . I f P o s s i b l e :   a t t e m p t s   t o   a p p l y   E n a b l e d ,   a n d   f a l l s   b a c k   t o   D i s a b l e d   i f   t h e   f e a t u r e   i s   n o t   s u p p o r t e d   b y   t h e   k e r n e l   o r   t h e   r u n t i m e   c l a s s .   D i s a b l e d   ( d e f a u l t ) :   n o   e f f e c t .   E n a b l e d :   m a k e s   t h e   m o u n t   r e c u r s i v e l y   r e a d - o n l y .   N e e d s   a l l   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   r e q u i r e m e n t s   t o   b e   s a t i s f i e d :   r e a d O n l y   i s   s e t   t o   t r u e m o u n t P r o p a g a t i o n   i s   u n s e t ,   o r ,   s e t   t o   N o n e T h e   h o s t


Question: What is Implementations?

Answer: T h e   f o l l o w i n g   c o n t a i n e r   r u n t i m e s   a r e   k n o w n   t o   s u p p o r t   r e c u r s i v e   r e a d - o n l y   m o u n t s .   C R I - l e v e l :   c o n t a i n e r d ,   s i n c e   v 2 . 0 C R I - O ,   s i n c e   v 1 . 3 0   O C I - l e v e l :   r u n c ,   s i n c e   v 1 . 1 c r u n ,   s i n c e   v 1 . 8 . 6


Question: What is What's next?

Answer: F o l l o w   a n   e x a m p l e   o f   d e p l o y i n g   W o r d P r e s s   a n d   M y S Q L   w i t h   P e r s i s t e n t   V o l u m e s .   I t e m s   o n   t h i s   p a g e   r e f e r   t o   t h i r d   p a r t y   p r o d u c t s   o r   p r o j e c t s   t h a t   p r o v i d e   f u n c t i o n a l i t y   r e q u i r e d   b y   K u b e r n e t e s .   T h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t   a u t h o r s   a r e n ' t   r e s p o n s i b l e   f o r   t h o s e   t h i r d - p a r t y   p r o d u c t s   o r   p r o j e c t s .   S e e   t h e   C N C F   w e b s i t e   g u i d e l i n e s   f o r   m o r e   d e t a i l s .   Y o u   s h o u l d   r e a d   t h e   c o n t e n t   g u i d e   b e f o r e   p r o p o s i n g   a   c h a n g e   t h a t   a d d s   a n   e x t r a   t h i r d - p a r t y   l i n k .


Question: What is Reviewing for approvers and reviewers?

Answer: Reviewing for approvers and reviewersSIG Docs Reviewers and Approvers do a few extra things when reviewing a change.Every week a specific docs approver volunteers to triage and review pull requests. This person is the "PR Wrangler" for the week. See the PR Wrangler scheduler for more information. To become a PR Wrangler, attend the weekly SIG Docs meeting and volunteer. Even if you are not on the schedule for the current week, you can still review pull requests (PRs) that are not already under active review.In addition to the rotation, a bot assigns reviewers and approvers for the PR based on the owners for the affected files.Reviewing a PRKubernetes documentation follows the Kubernetes code review process.Everything described in Reviewing a pull request applies, but Reviewers and Approvers should also do the following:Using the /assign Prow command to assign a specific reviewer to a PR as needed. This is extra important when it comes to requesting technical review from code contributors.Note:Look at the reviewers field in the front-matter at the top of a Markdown file to see who can provide technical review.Making sure the PR follows the Content and Style guides; link the author to the relevant part of the guide(s) if it doesn't.Using the GitHub Request Changes option when applicable to suggest changes to the PR author.Changing your review status in GitHub using the /approve or /lgtm Prow commands, if your suggestions are implemented.Commit into another person's PRLeaving PR comments is helpful, but there might be times when you need to commit into another person's PR instead.Do not "take over" for another person unless they explicitly ask you to, or you want to resurrect a long-abandoned PR. While it may be faster in the short term, it deprives the person of the chance to contribute.The process you use depends on whether you need to edit a file that is already in the scope of the PR, or a file that the PR has not yet touched.You can't commit into someone else's PR if either of the following things is true:If the PR author pushed their branch directly to the https://github.com/kubernetes/website/ repository. Only a reviewer with push access can commit to another user's PR.Note:Encourage the author to push their branch to their fork before opening the PR next time.The PR author explicitly disallows edits from approvers.Prow commands for reviewingProw is the Kubernetes-based CI/CD system that runs jobs against pull requests (PRs). Prow enables chatbot-style commands to handle GitHub actions across the Kubernetes organization, like adding and removing labels, closing issues, and assigning an approver. Enter Prow commands as GitHub comments using the /<command-name> format.The most common prow commands reviewers and approvers use are:Prow commands for reviewingProw CommandRole RestrictionsDescription/lgtmOrganization membersSignals that you've finished reviewing a PR and are satisfied with the changes./approveApproversApproves a PR for merging./assi


Question: How does Reviewing for approvers and reviewers work?

Answer: Reviewing for approvers and reviewersSIG Docs Reviewers and Approvers do a few extra things when reviewing a change.Every week a specific docs approver volunteers to triage and review pull requests. This person is the "PR Wrangler" for the week. See the PR Wrangler scheduler for more information. To become a PR Wrangler, attend the weekly SIG Docs meeting and volunteer. Even if you are not on the schedule for the current week, you can still review pull requests (PRs) that are not already under active review.In addition to the rotation, a bot assigns reviewers and approvers for the PR based on the owners for the affected files.Reviewing a PRKubernetes documentation follows the Kubernetes code review process.Everything described in Reviewing a pull request applies, but Reviewers and Approvers should also do the following:Using the /assign Prow command to assign a specific reviewer to a PR as needed. This is extra important when it comes to requesting technical review from code contributors.Note:Look at the reviewers field in the front-matter at the top of a Markdown file to see who can provide technical review.Making sure the PR follows the Content and Style guides; link the author to the relevant part of the guide(s) if it doesn't.Using the GitHub Request Changes option when applicable to suggest changes to the PR author.Changing your review status in GitHub using the /approve or /lgtm Prow commands, if your suggestions are implemented.Commit into another person's PRLeaving PR comments is helpful, but there might be times when you need to commit into another person's PR instead.Do not "take over" for another person unless they explicitly ask you to, or you want to resurrect a long-abandoned PR. While it may be faster in the short term, it deprives the person of the chance to contribute.The process you use depends on whether you need to edit a file that is already in the scope of the PR, or a file that the PR has not yet touched.You can't commit into someone else's PR if either of the following things is true:If the PR author pushed their branch directly to the https://github.com/kubernetes/website/ repository. Only a reviewer with push access can commit to another user's PR.Note:Encourage the author to push their branch to their fork before opening the PR next time.The PR author explicitly disallows edits from approvers.Prow commands for reviewingProw is the Kubernetes-based CI/CD system that runs jobs against pull requests (PRs). Prow enables chatbot-style commands to handle GitHub actions across the Kubernetes organization, like adding and removing labels, closing issues, and assigning an approver. Enter Prow commands as GitHub comments using the /<command-name> format.The most common prow commands reviewers and approvers use are:Prow commands for reviewingProw CommandRole RestrictionsDescription/lgtmOrganization membersSignals that you've finished reviewing a PR and are satisfied with the changes./approveApproversApproves a PR for merging./assi


Question: When would you use Reviewing for approvers and reviewers?

Answer: Reviewing for approvers and reviewersSIG Docs Reviewers and Approvers do a few extra things when reviewing a change.Every week a specific docs approver volunteers to triage and review pull requests. This person is the "PR Wrangler" for the week. See the PR Wrangler scheduler for more information. To become a PR Wrangler, attend the weekly SIG Docs meeting and volunteer. Even if you are not on the schedule for the current week, you can still review pull requests (PRs) that are not already under active review.In addition to the rotation, a bot assigns reviewers and approvers for the PR based on the owners for the affected files.Reviewing a PRKubernetes documentation follows the Kubernetes code review process.Everything described in Reviewing a pull request applies, but Reviewers and Approvers should also do the following:Using the /assign Prow command to assign a specific reviewer to a PR as needed. This is extra important when it comes to requesting technical review from code contributors.Note:Look at the reviewers field in the front-matter at the top of a Markdown file to see who can provide technical review.Making sure the PR follows the Content and Style guides; link the author to the relevant part of the guide(s) if it doesn't.Using the GitHub Request Changes option when applicable to suggest changes to the PR author.Changing your review status in GitHub using the /approve or /lgtm Prow commands, if your suggestions are implemented.Commit into another person's PRLeaving PR comments is helpful, but there might be times when you need to commit into another person's PR instead.Do not "take over" for another person unless they explicitly ask you to, or you want to resurrect a long-abandoned PR. While it may be faster in the short term, it deprives the person of the chance to contribute.The process you use depends on whether you need to edit a file that is already in the scope of the PR, or a file that the PR has not yet touched.You can't commit into someone else's PR if either of the following things is true:If the PR author pushed their branch directly to the https://github.com/kubernetes/website/ repository. Only a reviewer with push access can commit to another user's PR.Note:Encourage the author to push their branch to their fork before opening the PR next time.The PR author explicitly disallows edits from approvers.Prow commands for reviewingProw is the Kubernetes-based CI/CD system that runs jobs against pull requests (PRs). Prow enables chatbot-style commands to handle GitHub actions across the Kubernetes organization, like adding and removing labels, closing issues, and assigning an approver. Enter Prow commands as GitHub comments using the /<command-name> format.The most common prow commands reviewers and approvers use are:Prow commands for reviewingProw CommandRole RestrictionsDescription/lgtmOrganization membersSignals that you've finished reviewing a PR and are satisfied with the changes./approveApproversApproves a PR for merging./assi


Question: What are the benefits of Reviewing for approvers and reviewers?

Answer: Reviewing for approvers and reviewersSIG Docs Reviewers and Approvers do a few extra things when reviewing a change.Every week a specific docs approver volunteers to triage and review pull requests. This person is the "PR Wrangler" for the week. See the PR Wrangler scheduler for more information. To become a PR Wrangler, attend the weekly SIG Docs meeting and volunteer. Even if you are not on the schedule for the current week, you can still review pull requests (PRs) that are not already under active review.In addition to the rotation, a bot assigns reviewers and approvers for the PR based on the owners for the affected files.Reviewing a PRKubernetes documentation follows the Kubernetes code review process.Everything described in Reviewing a pull request applies, but Reviewers and Approvers should also do the following:Using the /assign Prow command to assign a specific reviewer to a PR as needed. This is extra important when it comes to requesting technical review from code contributors.Note:Look at the reviewers field in the front-matter at the top of a Markdown file to see who can provide technical review.Making sure the PR follows the Content and Style guides; link the author to the relevant part of the guide(s) if it doesn't.Using the GitHub Request Changes option when applicable to suggest changes to the PR author.Changing your review status in GitHub using the /approve or /lgtm Prow commands, if your suggestions are implemented.Commit into another person's PRLeaving PR comments is helpful, but there might be times when you need to commit into another person's PR instead.Do not "take over" for another person unless they explicitly ask you to, or you want to resurrect a long-abandoned PR. While it may be faster in the short term, it deprives the person of the chance to contribute.The process you use depends on whether you need to edit a file that is already in the scope of the PR, or a file that the PR has not yet touched.You can't commit into someone else's PR if either of the following things is true:If the PR author pushed their branch directly to the https://github.com/kubernetes/website/ repository. Only a reviewer with push access can commit to another user's PR.Note:Encourage the author to push their branch to their fork before opening the PR next time.The PR author explicitly disallows edits from approvers.Prow commands for reviewingProw is the Kubernetes-based CI/CD system that runs jobs against pull requests (PRs). Prow enables chatbot-style commands to handle GitHub actions across the Kubernetes organization, like adding and removing labels, closing issues, and assigning an approver. Enter Prow commands as GitHub comments using the /<command-name> format.The most common prow commands reviewers and approvers use are:Prow commands for reviewingProw CommandRole RestrictionsDescription/lgtmOrganization membersSignals that you've finished reviewing a PR and are satisfied with the changes./approveApproversApproves a PR for merging./assi


Question: What is Reviewing for approvers and reviewers?

Answer: S I G   D o c s   R e v i e w e r s   a n d   A p p r o v e r s   d o   a   f e w   e x t r a   t h i n g s   w h e n   r e v i e w i n g   a   c h a n g e .   E v e r y   w e e k   a   s p e c i f i c   d o c s   a p p r o v e r   v o l u n t e e r s   t o   t r i a g e   a n d   r e v i e w   p u l l   r e q u e s t s .   T h i s   p e r s o n   i s   t h e   " P R   W r a n g l e r "   f o r   t h e   w e e k .   S e e   t h e   P R   W r a n g l e r   s c h e d u l e r   f o r   m o r e   i n f o r m a t i o n .   T o   b e c o m e   a   P R   W r a n g l e r ,   a t t e n d   t h e   w e e k l y   S I G   D o c s   m e e t i n g   a n d   v o l u n t e e r .   E v e n   i f   y o u   a r e   n o t   o n   t h e   s c h e d u l e   f o r   t h e   c u r r e n t   w e e k ,   y o u   c a n   s t i l l   r e v i e w   p u l l   r e q u e s t s   ( P R s )   t h a t   a r e   n o t   a l r e a d y   u n d e r   a c t i v e   r e v i e w .   I n   a d d i t i o n   t o   t h e   r o t a t i o n ,   a   b o t   a s s i g n s   r e v i e w e r s   a n d   a p p r o v e r s   f o r   t h e   P R   b a s e d   o n   t h e   o w n e r s   f o r   t h e   a f f e c t e d   f i l e s .


Question: What is Reviewing a PR?

Answer: K u b e r n e t e s   d o c u m e n t a t i o n   f o l l o w s   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   c o d e   r e v i e w   p r o c e s s .   E v e r y t h i n g   d e s c r i b e d   i n   R e v i e w i n g   a   p u l l   r e q u e s t   a p p l i e s ,   b u t   R e v i e w e r s   a n d   A p p r o v e r s   s h o u l d   a l s o   d o   t h e   f o l l o w i n g :   U s i n g   t h e   / a s s i g n   P r o w   c o m m a n d   t o   a s s i g n   a   s p e c i f i c   r e v i e w e r   t o   a   P R   a s   n e e d e d .   T h i s   i s   e x t r a   i m p o r t a n t   w h e n   i t   c o m e s   t o   r e q u e s t i n g   t e c h n i c a l   r e v i e w   f r o m   c o d e   c o n t r i b u t o r s . N o t e : L o o k   a t   t h e   r e v i e w e r s   f i e l d   i n   t h e   f r o n t - m a t t e r   a t   t h e   t o p   o f   a   M a r k d o w n   f i l e   t o   s e e   w h o   c a n   p r o v i d e   t e c h n i c a l   r e v i e w . M a k i n g   s u r e   t h e   P R   f o l l o w s   t h e   C o n t e n t   a n d   S t y l e   g u i d e s ;   l i n k   t h e   a u t h o r   t o   t h e   r e l e v a n t   p a r t   o f   t h e   g u i d e ( s )   i f   i t   d o e s n ' t . U s i n g   t h e   G i t H u b   R e q u e s t   C h a n g e s   o p t i o n   w h e n   a p p l i c a b l e   t o   s u g g e s t   c h a n g e s   t o   t h e   P R   a u t h o r . C h a n g i n g   y o u r   r e v i e w   s t a t u s   i n   G i t H u b   u s i n g   t h e   / a p p r o v e   o r   / l g t m   P r o w   c o m m a n d s ,   i f   y o u r   s u g g e s t i o n s   a r e   i m p l e m e n t e d .   U s i n g   t h e   / a s s i g n   P r o w   c o m m a n d   t o   a s s i g n   a   s p e c i f i c   r e v i e w e r   t o   a   P R   a s   n e e d e d .   T h i s   i s   e x t r a   i m p o r t a n t   w h e n   i t   c o m e s   t o   r e q u e s t i n g   t e c h n i c a l   r e v i e w   f r o m   c o d e   c o n t r i b u t o r s .


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: M a k i n g   s u r e   t h e   P R   f o l l o w s   t h e   C o n t e n t   a n d   S t y l e   g u i d e s ;   l i n k   t h e   a u t h o r   t o   t h e   r e l e v a n t   p a r t   o f   t h e   g u i d e ( s )   i f   i t   d o e s n ' t .   U s i n g   t h e   G i t H u b   R e q u e s t   C h a n g e s   o p t i o n   w h e n   a p p l i c a b l e   t o   s u g g e s t   c h a n g e s   t o   t h e   P R   a u t h o r .   C h a n g i n g   y o u r   r e v i e w   s t a t u s   i n   G i t H u b   u s i n g   t h e   / a p p r o v e   o r   / l g t m   P r o w   c o m m a n d s ,   i f   y o u r   s u g g e s t i o n s   a r e   i m p l e m e n t e d .


Question: What is Commit into another person's PR?

Answer: L e a v i n g   P R   c o m m e n t s   i s   h e l p f u l ,   b u t   t h e r e   m i g h t   b e   t i m e s   w h e n   y o u   n e e d   t o   c o m m i t   i n t o   a n o t h e r   p e r s o n ' s   P R   i n s t e a d .   D o   n o t   " t a k e   o v e r "   f o r   a n o t h e r   p e r s o n   u n l e s s   t h e y   e x p l i c i t l y   a s k   y o u   t o ,   o r   y o u   w a n t   t o   r e s u r r e c t   a   l o n g - a b a n d o n e d   P R .   W h i l e   i t   m a y   b e   f a s t e r   i n   t h e   s h o r t   t e r m ,   i t   d e p r i v e s   t h e   p e r s o n   o f   t h e   c h a n c e   t o   c o n t r i b u t e .   T h e   p r o c e s s   y o u   u s e   d e p e n d s   o n   w h e t h e r   y o u   n e e d   t o   e d i t   a   f i l e   t h a t   i s   a l r e a d y   i n   t h e   s c o p e   o f   t h e   P R ,   o r   a   f i l e   t h a t   t h e   P R   h a s   n o t   y e t   t o u c h e d .   Y o u   c a n ' t   c o m m i t   i n t o   s o m e o n e   e l s e ' s   P R   i f   e i t h e r   o f   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   t h i n g s   i s   t r u e :   I f   t h e   P R   a u t h o r   p u s h e d   t h e i r   b r a n c h   d i r e c t l y   t o   t h e   h t t p s : / / g i t h u b . c o m / k u b e r n e t e s / w e b s i t e /   r e p o s i t o r y .   O n l y   a   r e v i e w e r   w i t h   p u s h   a c c e s s   c a n   c o m m i t   t o   a n o t h e r   u s e r ' s   P R . N o t e : E n c o u r a g e   t h e   a u t h o r   t o   p u s h   t h e i r   b r a n c h   t o   t h e i r   f o r k   b e f o r e   o p e n i n g   t h e   P R   n e x t   t i m e . T h e   P R   a u t h o r   e x p l i c i t l y   d i s a l l o w s   e d i t s   f r o m   a p p r o v e r s .   I f   t h e   P R   a u t h o r   p u s h e d   t h e i r   b r a n c h   d i r e c t l y   t o   t h e   h t t p s : / / g i t h u b . c o m / k u b e r n e t e s / w e b s i t e /   r e p o s i t o r y .   O n l y   a   r e v i e w e r   w i t h


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: T h e   P R   a u t h o r   e x p l i c i t l y   d i s a l l o w s   e d i t s   f r o m   a p p r o v e r s .


Question: What is Prow commands for reviewing?

Answer: P r o w   i s   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s - b a s e d   C I / C D   s y s t e m   t h a t   r u n s   j o b s   a g a i n s t   p u l l   r e q u e s t s   ( P R s ) .   P r o w   e n a b l e s   c h a t b o t - s t y l e   c o m m a n d s   t o   h a n d l e   G i t H u b   a c t i o n s   a c r o s s   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   o r g a n i z a t i o n ,   l i k e   a d d i n g   a n d   r e m o v i n g   l a b e l s ,   c l o s i n g   i s s u e s ,   a n d   a s s i g n i n g   a n   a p p r o v e r .   E n t e r   P r o w   c o m m a n d s   a s   G i t H u b   c o m m e n t s   u s i n g   t h e   / < c o m m a n d - n a m e >   f o r m a t .   T h e   m o s t   c o m m o n   p r o w   c o m m a n d s   r e v i e w e r s   a n d   a p p r o v e r s   u s e   a r e :   T o   v i e w   t h e   c o m m a n d s   t h a t   y o u   c a n   u s e   i n   a   P R ,   s e e   t h e   P r o w   C o m m a n d   R e f e r e n c e .


Question: What is Triage and categorize issues?

Answer: I n   g e n e r a l ,   S I G   D o c s   f o l l o w s   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   i s s u e   t r i a g e   p r o c e s s   a n d   u s e s   t h e   s a m e   l a b e l s .   T h i s   G i t H u b   I s s u e   f i l t e r   f i n d s   i s s u e s   t h a t   m i g h t   n e e d   t r i a g e .


Question: What is Triaging an issue?

Answer: V a l i d a t e   t h e   i s s u e M a k e   s u r e   t h e   i s s u e   i s   a b o u t   w e b s i t e   d o c u m e n t a t i o n .   S o m e   i s s u e s   c a n   b e   c l o s e d   q u i c k l y   b y   a n s w e r i n g   a   q u e s t i o n   o r   p o i n t i n g   t h e   r e p o r t e r   t o   a   r e s o u r c e .   S e e   t h e   S u p p o r t   r e q u e s t s   o r   c o d e   b u g   r e p o r t s   s e c t i o n   f o r   d e t a i l s . A s s e s s   w h e t h e r   t h e   i s s u e   h a s   m e r i t . A d d   t h e   t r i a g e / n e e d s - i n f o r m a t i o n   l a b e l   i f   t h e   i s s u e   d o e s n ' t   h a v e   e n o u g h   d e t a i l   t o   b e   a c t i o n a b l e   o r   t h e   t e m p l a t e   i s   n o t   f i l l e d   o u t   a d e q u a t e l y . C l o s e   t h e   i s s u e   i f   i t   h a s   b o t h   t h e   l i f e c y c l e / s t a l e   a n d   t r i a g e / n e e d s - i n f o r m a t i o n   l a b e l s . A d d   a   p r i o r i t y   l a b e l   ( t h e   I s s u e   T r i a g e   G u i d e l i n e s   d e f i n e   p r i o r i t y   l a b e l s   i n   d e t a i l )   V a l i d a t e   t h e   i s s u e   M a k e   s u r e   t h e   i s s u e   i s   a b o u t   w e b s i t e   d o c u m e n t a t i o n .   S o m e   i s s u e s   c a n   b e   c l o s e d   q u i c k l y   b y   a n s w e r i n g   a   q u e s t i o n   o r   p o i n t i n g   t h e   r e p o r t e r   t o   a   r e s o u r c e .   S e e   t h e   S u p p o r t   r e q u e s t s   o r   c o d e   b u g   r e p o r t s   s e c t i o n   f o r   d e t a i l s . A s s e s s   w h e t h e r   t h e   i s s u e   h a s   m e r i t . A d d   t h e   t r i a g e / n e e d s - i n f o r m a t i o n   l a b e l   i f   t h e   i s s u e   d o e s n ' t   h a v e   e n o u g h   d e t a i l   t o   b e   a c t i o n a b l e   o r   t h e   t e m p l a t e   i s   n o t   f i l l e d   o u t   a d e q u a t e l y . C l o s e   t h e


Question: What is Adding and removing issue labels?

Answer: T o   a d d   a   l a b e l ,   l e a v e   a   c o m m e n t   i n   o n e   o f   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   f o r m a t s :   / < l a b e l - t o - a d d >   ( f o r   e x a m p l e ,   / g o o d - f i r s t - i s s u e ) / < l a b e l - c a t e g o r y >   < l a b e l - t o - a d d >   ( f o r   e x a m p l e ,   / t r i a g e   n e e d s - i n f o r m a t i o n   o r   / l a n g u a g e   j a )   T o   r e m o v e   a   l a b e l ,   l e a v e   a   c o m m e n t   i n   o n e   o f   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   f o r m a t s :   / r e m o v e - < l a b e l - t o - r e m o v e >   ( f o r   e x a m p l e ,   / r e m o v e - h e l p ) / r e m o v e - < l a b e l - c a t e g o r y >   < l a b e l - t o - r e m o v e >   ( f o r   e x a m p l e ,   / r e m o v e - t r i a g e   n e e d s - i n f o r m a t i o n )   I n   b o t h   c a s e s ,   t h e   l a b e l   m u s t   a l r e a d y   e x i s t .   I f   y o u   t r y   t o   a d d   a   l a b e l   t h a t   d o e s   n o t   e x i s t ,   t h e   c o m m a n d   i s   s i l e n t l y   i g n o r e d .   F o r   a   l i s t   o f   a l l   l a b e l s ,   s e e   t h e   w e b s i t e   r e p o s i t o r y ' s   L a b e l s   s e c t i o n .   N o t   a l l   l a b e l s   a r e   u s e d   b y   S I G   D o c s .


Question: What is Issue lifecycle labels?

Answer: I s s u e s   a r e   g e n e r a l l y   o p e n e d   a n d   c l o s e d   q u i c k l y .   H o w e v e r ,   s o m e t i m e s   a n   i s s u e   i s   i n a c t i v e   a f t e r   i t s   o p e n e d .   O t h e r   t i m e s ,   a n   i s s u e   m a y   n e e d   t o   r e m a i n   o p e n   f o r   l o n g e r   t h a n   9 0   d a y s .


Question: What is Handling special issue types?

Answer: S I G   D o c s   e n c o u n t e r s   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   t y p e s   o f   i s s u e s   o f t e n   e n o u g h   t o   d o c u m e n t   h o w   t o   h a n d l e   t h e m .


Question: What is Duplicate issues?

Answer: I f   a   s i n g l e   p r o b l e m   h a s   o n e   o r   m o r e   i s s u e s   o p e n   f o r   i t ,   c o m b i n e   t h e m   i n t o   a   s i n g l e   i s s u e .   Y o u   s h o u l d   d e c i d e   w h i c h   i s s u e   t o   k e e p   o p e n   ( o r   o p e n   a   n e w   i s s u e ) ,   t h e n   m o v e   o v e r   a l l   r e l e v a n t   i n f o r m a t i o n   a n d   l i n k   r e l a t e d   i s s u e s .   F i n a l l y ,   l a b e l   a l l   o t h e r   i s s u e s   t h a t   d e s c r i b e   t h e   s a m e   p r o b l e m   w i t h   t r i a g e / d u p l i c a t e   a n d   c l o s e   t h e m .   O n l y   h a v i n g   a   s i n g l e   i s s u e   t o   w o r k   o n   r e d u c e s   c o n f u s i o n   a n d   a v o i d s   d u p l i c a t e   w o r k   o n   t h e   s a m e   p r o b l e m .


Question: What is Dead link issues?

Answer: I f   t h e   d e a d   l i n k   i s s u e   i s   i n   t h e   A P I   o r   k u b e c t l   d o c u m e n t a t i o n ,   a s s i g n   t h e m   / p r i o r i t y   c r i t i c a l - u r g e n t   u n t i l   t h e   p r o b l e m   i s   f u l l y   u n d e r s t o o d .   A s s i g n   a l l   o t h e r   d e a d   l i n k   i s s u e s   / p r i o r i t y   i m p o r t a n t - l o n g t e r m ,   a s   t h e y   m u s t   b e   m a n u a l l y   f i x e d .


Question: What is Blog issues?

Answer: W e   e x p e c t   K u b e r n e t e s   B l o g   e n t r i e s   t o   b e c o m e   o u t d a t e d   o v e r   t i m e .   T h e r e f o r e ,   w e   o n l y   m a i n t a i n   b l o g   e n t r i e s   l e s s   t h a n   a   y e a r   o l d .   I f   a n   i s s u e   i s   r e l a t e d   t o   a   b l o g   e n t r y   t h a t   i s   m o r e   t h a n   o n e   y e a r   o l d ,   y o u   s h o u l d   t y p i c a l l y   c l o s e   t h e   i s s u e   w i t h o u t   f i x i n g .   Y o u   c a n   s e n d   a   l i n k   t o   a r t i c l e   u p d a t e s   a n d   m a i n t e n a n c e   a s   p a r t   o f   t h e   m e s s a g e   y o u   s e n d   w h e n   y o u   c l o s e   t h e   P R .   I t   i s   O K   t o   m a k e   a n   e x c e p t i o n   w h e r e   a   r e l e v a n t   j u s t i f i c a t i o n   a p p l i e s .


Question: What is Support requests or code bug reports?

Answer: S o m e   d o c s   i s s u e s   a r e   a c t u a l l y   i s s u e s   w i t h   t h e   u n d e r l y i n g   c o d e ,   o r   r e q u e s t s   f o r   a s s i s t a n c e   w h e n   s o m e t h i n g ,   f o r   e x a m p l e   a   t u t o r i a l ,   d o e s n ' t   w o r k .   F o r   i s s u e s   u n r e l a t e d   t o   d o c s ,   c l o s e   t h e   i s s u e   w i t h   t h e   k i n d / s u p p o r t   l a b e l   a n d   a   c o m m e n t   d i r e c t i n g   t h e   r e q u e s t e r   t o   s u p p o r t   v e n u e s   ( S l a c k ,   S t a c k   O v e r f l o w )   a n d ,   i f   r e l e v a n t ,   t h e   r e p o s i t o r y   t o   f i l e   a n   i s s u e   f o r   b u g s   w i t h   f e a t u r e s   ( k u b e r n e t e s / k u b e r n e t e s   i s   a   g r e a t   p l a c e   t o   s t a r t ) .   S a m p l e   r e s p o n s e   t o   a   r e q u e s t   f o r   s u p p o r t :   T h i s   i s s u e   s o u n d s   m o r e   l i k e   a   r e q u e s t   f o r   s u p p o r t   a n d   l e s s   l i k e   a n   i s s u e   s p e c i f i c a l l y   f o r   d o c s .   I   e n c o u r a g e   y o u   t o   b r i n g   y o u r   q u e s t i o n   t o   t h e   ` # k u b e r n e t e s - u s e r s `   c h a n n e l   i n   [ K u b e r n e t e s   s l a c k ] ( h t t p s : / / s l a c k . k 8 s . i o / ) .   Y o u   c a n   a l s o   s e a r c h   r e s o u r c e s   l i k e   [ S t a c k   O v e r f l o w ] ( h t t p s : / / s t a c k o v e r f l o w . c o m / q u e s t i o n s / t a g g e d / k u b e r n e t e s )   f o r   a n s w e r s   t o   s i m i l a r   q u e s t i o n s .   Y o u   c a n   a l s o   o p e n   i s s u e s   f o r   K u b e r n e t e s   f u n c t i o n a l i t y   i n   h t t p s : / / g i t h u b . c o m / k u b e r n e t e s / k u b e r n e t e s .   I f   t h i s   i s   a   d o c u m e n t a t i o n   i s s u e ,   p l e a s e   r e - o p e n   t h i s   i s s u e .   S a m p l e   c o d e   b u g   r e p


Question: What is Squashing?

Answer: A s   a n   a p p r o v e r ,   w h e n   y o u   r e v i e w   p u l l   r e q u e s t s   ( P R s ) ,   t h e r e   a r e   v a r i o u s   c a s e s   w h e r e   y o u   m i g h t   d o   t h e   f o l l o w i n g :   A d v i s e   t h e   c o n t r i b u t o r   t o   s q u a s h   t h e i r   c o m m i t s . S q u a s h   t h e   c o m m i t s   f o r   t h e   c o n t r i b u t o r . A d v i s e   t h e   c o n t r i b u t o r   n o t   t o   s q u a s h   y e t . P r e v e n t   s q u a s h i n g .   A d v i s i n g   c o n t r i b u t o r s   t o   s q u a s h :   A   n e w   c o n t r i b u t o r   m i g h t   n o t   k n o w   t h a t   t h e y   s h o u l d   s q u a s h   c o m m i t s   i n   t h e i r   p u l l   r e q u e s t s   ( P R s ) .   I f   t h i s   i s   t h e   c a s e ,   a d v i s e   t h e m   t o   d o   s o ,   p r o v i d e   l i n k s   t o   u s e f u l   i n f o r m a t i o n ,   a n d   o f f e r   t o   a r r a n g e   h e l p   i f   t h e y   n e e d   i t .   S o m e   u s e f u l   l i n k s :   O p e n i n g   p u l l   r e q u e s t s   a n d   s q u a s h i n g   y o u r   c o m m i t s   f o r   d o c u m e n t a t i o n   c o n t r i b u t o r s . G i t H u b   W o r k f l o w ,   i n c l u d i n g   d i a g r a m s ,   f o r   d e v e l o p e r s .   S q u a s h i n g   c o m m i t s   f o r   c o n t r i b u t o r s :   I f   a   c o n t r i b u t o r   m i g h t   h a v e   d i f f i c u l t y   s q u a s h i n g   c o m m i t s   o r   t h e r e   i s   t i m e   p r e s s u r e   t o   m e r g e   a   P R ,   y o u   c a n   p e r f o r m   t h e   s q u a s h   f o r   t h e m :   T h e   k u b e r n e t e s / w e b s i t e   r e p o   i s   c o n f i g u r e d   t o   a l l o w   s q u a s h i n g   f o r   p u l l   r e q u e s t   m e r g e s .   S i m p l y   s e l e c t   t h e   S q u a s h   c o m m i t s   b u t t o n . I n   t h e   P R ,   i f   t h e   c o n t r i b u t o r   e n a b l e s   m a i n t


Question: What is Namespace?

Answer: NamespaceNamespace provides a scope for Names.apiVersion: v1import "k8s.io/api/core/v1"NamespaceNamespace provides a scope for Names. Use of multiple namespaces is optional.apiVersion: v1kind: Namespacemetadata (ObjectMeta)Standard object's metadata. More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#metadataspec (NamespaceSpec)Spec defines the behavior of the Namespace. More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#spec-and-statusstatus (NamespaceStatus)Status describes the current status of a Namespace. More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#spec-and-statusNamespaceSpecNamespaceSpec describes the attributes on a Namespace.finalizers ([]string)Atomic: will be replaced during a mergeFinalizers is an opaque list of values that must be empty to permanently remove object from storage. More info: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/namespaces/NamespaceStatusNamespaceStatus is information about the current status of a Namespace.conditions ([]NamespaceCondition)Patch strategy: merge on key typeMap: unique values on key type will be kept during a mergeRepresents the latest available observations of a namespace's current state.NamespaceCondition contains details about state of namespace.conditions.status (string), requiredStatus of the condition, one of True, False, Unknown.conditions.type (string), requiredType of namespace controller condition.conditions.lastTransitionTime (Time)Last time the condition transitioned from one status to another.Time is a wrapper around time.Time which supports correct marshaling to YAML and JSON. Wrappers are provided for many of the factory methods that the time package offers.conditions.message (string)Human-readable message indicating details about last transition.conditions.reason (string)Unique, one-word, CamelCase reason for the condition's last transition.phase (string)Phase is the current lifecycle phase of the namespace. More info: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/namespaces/NamespaceListNamespaceList is a list of Namespaces.apiVersion: v1kind: NamespaceListmetadata (ListMeta)Standard list metadata. More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#types-kindsitems ([]Namespace), requiredItems is the list of Namespace objects in the list. More info: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/namespaces/Operationsget read the specified NamespaceHTTP RequestGET /api/v1/namespaces/{name}Parametersname (in path): string, requiredname of the Namespacepretty (in query): stringprettyResponse200 (Namespace): OK401: Unauthorizedget read status of the specified NamespaceHTTP RequestGET /api/v1/namespaces/{name}/statusParametersname (in path): string, requiredname of the Namespacepretty (in query): stringprettyResponse200 (Namespace): OK401: Unauthorizedlist list or watch obje