Question: What is Prevent loops caused by competing controllers?

Answer: C o n s i d e r   a n y   o t h e r   c o m p o n e n t s   t h a t   r u n   i n   y o u r   c l u s t e r   t h a t   m i g h t   c o n f l i c t   w i t h   t h e   m u t a t i o n s   t h a t   y o u r   w e b h o o k   m a k e s .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   i f   y o u r   w e b h o o k   a d d s   a   l a b e l   t h a t   a   d i f f e r e n t   c o n t r o l l e r   r e m o v e s ,   y o u r   w e b h o o k   g e t s   c a l l e d   a g a i n .   T h i s   l e a d s   t o   a   l o o p .   T o   d e t e c t   t h e s e   l o o p s ,   t r y   t h e   f o l l o w i n g :   U p d a t e   y o u r   c l u s t e r   a u d i t   p o l i c y   t o   l o g   a u d i t   e v e n t s .   U s e   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   p a r a m e t e r s : l e v e l :   R e q u e s t R e s p o n s e v e r b s :   [ " p a t c h " ] o m i t S t a g e s :   R e q u e s t R e c e i v e d S e t   t h e   a u d i t   r u l e   t o   c r e a t e   e v e n t s   f o r   t h e   s p e c i f i c   r e s o u r c e s   t h a t   y o u r   w e b h o o k   m u t a t e s . C h e c k   y o u r   a u d i t   e v e n t s   f o r   w e b h o o k s   b e i n g   r e i n v o k e d   m u l t i p l e   t i m e s   w i t h   t h e   s a m e   p a t c h   b e i n g   a p p l i e d   t o   t h e   s a m e   o b j e c t ,   o r   f o r   a n   o b j e c t   h a v i n g   a   f i e l d   u p d a t e d   a n d   r e v e r t e d   m u l t i p l e   t i m e s .   U p d a t e   y o u r   c l u s t e r   a u d i t   p o l i c y   t o   l o g   a u d i t   e v e n t s .   U s e   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   p a r a m e t e r s :   l e v e l :   R e q u e s t R e s p o n s e v e r b s :   [ " p a t c h " ] o m i t S t a g e s :   R e q u e s t R e c e i v e d   S e t   t h e   a u d i t   r u l e   t o   c r e a t e   e v e n t s   f o r   t h e   s p e c i f i c   r e s o u r c e s   t h a t   y o u r   w e b h o o k   m u t a t e s .   C h e c k   y o u r   a u d i t   e v e n t s   f o r   w e b h o o k s   b


Question: What is Set a small timeout value?

Answer: A d m i s s i o n   w e b h o o k s   s h o u l d   e v a l u a t e   a s   q u i c k l y   a s   p o s s i b l e   ( t y p i c a l l y   i n   m i l l i s e c o n d s ) ,   s i n c e   t h e y   a d d   t o   A P I   r e q u e s t   l a t e n c y .   U s e   a   s m a l l   t i m e o u t   f o r   w e b h o o k s .   F o r   d e t a i l s ,   s e e   T i m e o u t s .


Question: What is Use a load balancer to ensure webhook availability?

Answer: A d m i s s i o n   w e b h o o k s   s h o u l d   l e v e r a g e   s o m e   f o r m   o f   l o a d - b a l a n c i n g   t o   p r o v i d e   h i g h   a v a i l a b i l i t y   a n d   p e r f o r m a n c e   b e n e f i t s .   I f   a   w e b h o o k   i s   r u n n i n g   w i t h i n   t h e   c l u s t e r ,   y o u   c a n   r u n   m u l t i p l e   w e b h o o k   b a c k e n d s   b e h i n d   a   S e r v i c e   o f   t y p e   C l u s t e r I P .


Question: What is Use a high-availability deployment model?

Answer: C o n s i d e r   y o u r   c l u s t e r ' s   a v a i l a b i l i t y   r e q u i r e m e n t s   w h e n   d e s i g n i n g   y o u r   w e b h o o k .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   d u r i n g   n o d e   d o w n t i m e   o r   z o n a l   o u t a g e s ,   K u b e r n e t e s   m a r k s   P o d s   a s   N o t R e a d y   t o   a l l o w   l o a d   b a l a n c e r s   t o   r e r o u t e   t r a f f i c   t o   a v a i l a b l e   z o n e s   a n d   n o d e s .   T h e s e   u p d a t e s   t o   P o d s   m i g h t   t r i g g e r   y o u r   m u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k s .   D e p e n d i n g   o n   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   a f f e c t e d   P o d s ,   t h e   m u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k   s e r v e r   h a s   a   r i s k   o f   t i m i n g   o u t   o r   c a u s i n g   d e l a y s   i n   P o d   p r o c e s s i n g .   A s   a   r e s u l t ,   t r a f f i c   w o n ' t   g e t   r e r o u t e d   a s   q u i c k l y   a s   y o u   n e e d .   C o n s i d e r   s i t u a t i o n s   l i k e   t h e   p r e c e d i n g   e x a m p l e   w h e n   w r i t i n g   y o u r   w e b h o o k s .   E x c l u d e   o p e r a t i o n s   t h a t   a r e   a   r e s u l t   o f   K u b e r n e t e s   r e s p o n d i n g   t o   u n a v o i d a b l e   i n c i d e n t s .


Question: What is Request filtering?

Answer: T h i s   s e c t i o n   p r o v i d e s   r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s   f o r   f i l t e r i n g   w h i c h   r e q u e s t s   t r i g g e r   s p e c i f i c   w e b h o o k s .   I n   s u m m a r y ,   t h e s e   a r e   a s   f o l l o w s :   L i m i t   t h e   w e b h o o k   s c o p e   t o   a v o i d   s y s t e m   c o m p o n e n t s   a n d   r e a d - o n l y   r e q u e s t s . L i m i t   w e b h o o k s   t o   s p e c i f i c   n a m e s p a c e s . U s e   m a t c h   c o n d i t i o n s   t o   p e r f o r m   f i n e - g r a i n e d   r e q u e s t   f i l t e r i n g . M a t c h   a l l   v e r s i o n s   o f   a n   o b j e c t .


Question: What is Limit the scope of each webhook?

Answer: A d m i s s i o n   w e b h o o k s   a r e   o n l y   c a l l e d   w h e n   a n   A P I   r e q u e s t   m a t c h e s   t h e   c o r r e s p o n d i n g   w e b h o o k   c o n f i g u r a t i o n .   L i m i t   t h e   s c o p e   o f   e a c h   w e b h o o k   t o   r e d u c e   u n n e c e s s a r y   c a l l s   t o   t h e   w e b h o o k   s e r v e r .   C o n s i d e r   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   s c o p e   l i m i t a t i o n s :   A v o i d   m a t c h i n g   o b j e c t s   i n   t h e   k u b e - s y s t e m   n a m e s p a c e .   I f   y o u   r u n   y o u r   o w n   P o d s   i n   t h e   k u b e - s y s t e m   n a m e s p a c e ,   u s e   a n   o b j e c t S e l e c t o r   t o   a v o i d   m u t a t i n g   a   c r i t i c a l   w o r k l o a d . D o n ' t   m u t a t e   n o d e   l e a s e s ,   w h i c h   e x i s t   a s   L e a s e   o b j e c t s   i n   t h e   k u b e - n o d e - l e a s e   s y s t e m   n a m e s p a c e .   M u t a t i n g   n o d e   l e a s e s   m i g h t   r e s u l t   i n   f a i l e d   n o d e   u p g r a d e s .   O n l y   a p p l y   v a l i d a t i o n   c o n t r o l s   t o   L e a s e   o b j e c t s   i n   t h i s   n a m e s p a c e   i f   y o u ' r e   c o n f i d e n t   t h a t   t h e   c o n t r o l s   w o n ' t   p u t   y o u r   c l u s t e r   a t   r i s k . D o n ' t   m u t a t e   T o k e n R e v i e w   o r   S u b j e c t A c c e s s R e v i e w   o b j e c t s .   T h e s e   a r e   a l w a y s   r e a d - o n l y   r e q u e s t s .   M o d i f y i n g   t h e s e   o b j e c t s   m i g h t   b r e a k   y o u r   c l u s t e r . L i m i t   e a c h   w e b h o o k   t o   a   s p e c i f i c   n a m e s p a c e   b y   u s i n g   a   n a m e s p a c e S e l e c t o r .


Question: What is Filter for specific requests by using match conditions?

Answer: A d m i s s i o n   c o n t r o l l e r s   s u p p o r t   m u l t i p l e   f i e l d s   t h a t   y o u   c a n   u s e   t o   m a t c h   r e q u e s t s   t h a t   m e e t   s p e c i f i c   c r i t e r i a .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   y o u   c a n   u s e   a   n a m e s p a c e S e l e c t o r   t o   f i l t e r   f o r   r e q u e s t s   t h a t   t a r g e t   a   s p e c i f i c   n a m e s p a c e .   F o r   m o r e   f i n e - g r a i n e d   r e q u e s t   f i l t e r i n g ,   u s e   t h e   m a t c h C o n d i t i o n s   f i e l d   i n   y o u r   w e b h o o k   c o n f i g u r a t i o n .   T h i s   f i e l d   l e t s   y o u   w r i t e   m u l t i p l e   C E L   e x p r e s s i o n s   t h a t   m u s t   e v a l u a t e   t o   t r u e   f o r   a   r e q u e s t   t o   t r i g g e r   y o u r   a d m i s s i o n   w e b h o o k .   U s i n g   m a t c h C o n d i t i o n s   m i g h t   s i g n i f i c a n t l y   r e d u c e   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   c a l l s   t o   y o u r   w e b h o o k   s e r v e r .   F o r   d e t a i l s ,   s e e   M a t c h i n g   r e q u e s t s :   m a t c h C o n d i t i o n s .


Question: What is Match all versions of an API?

Answer: B y   d e f a u l t ,   a d m i s s i o n   w e b h o o k s   r u n   o n   a n y   A P I   v e r s i o n s   t h a t   a f f e c t   a   s p e c i f i e d   r e s o u r c e .   T h e   m a t c h P o l i c y   f i e l d   i n   t h e   w e b h o o k   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   c o n t r o l s   t h i s   b e h a v i o r .   S p e c i f y   a   v a l u e   o f   E q u i v a l e n t   i n   t h e   m a t c h P o l i c y   f i e l d   o r   o m i t   t h e   f i e l d   t o   a l l o w   t h e   w e b h o o k   t o   r u n   o n   a n y   A P I   v e r s i o n .   F o r   d e t a i l s ,   s e e   M a t c h i n g   r e q u e s t s :   m a t c h P o l i c y .


Question: What is Mutation scope and field considerations?

Answer: T h i s   s e c t i o n   p r o v i d e s   r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s   f o r   t h e   s c o p e   o f   m u t a t i o n s   a n d   a n y   s p e c i a l   c o n s i d e r a t i o n s   f o r   o b j e c t   f i e l d s .   I n   s u m m a r y ,   t h e s e   a r e   a s   f o l l o w s :   P a t c h   o n l y   t h e   f i e l d s   t h a t   y o u   n e e d   t o   p a t c h . D o n ' t   o v e r w r i t e   a r r a y   v a l u e s . A v o i d   s i d e   e f f e c t s   i n   m u t a t i o n s   w h e n   p o s s i b l e . A v o i d   s e l f - m u t a t i o n s . F a i l   o p e n   a n d   v a l i d a t e   t h e   f i n a l   s t a t e . P l a n   f o r   f u t u r e   f i e l d   u p d a t e s   i n   l a t e r   v e r s i o n s . P r e v e n t   w e b h o o k s   f r o m   s e l f - t r i g g e r i n g . D o n ' t   c h a n g e   i m m u t a b l e   o b j e c t s .


Question: What is Patch only required fields?

Answer: A d m i s s i o n   w e b h o o k   s e r v e r s   s e n d   H T T P   r e s p o n s e s   t o   i n d i c a t e   w h a t   t o   d o   w i t h   a   s p e c i f i c   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I   r e q u e s t .   T h i s   r e s p o n s e   i s   a n   A d m i s s i o n R e v i e w   o b j e c t .   A   m u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k   c a n   a d d   s p e c i f i c   f i e l d s   t o   m u t a t e   b e f o r e   a l l o w i n g   a d m i s s i o n   b y   u s i n g   t h e   p a t c h T y p e   f i e l d   a n d   t h e   p a t c h   f i e l d   i n   t h e   r e s p o n s e .   E n s u r e   t h a t   y o u   o n l y   m o d i f y   t h e   f i e l d s   t h a t   r e q u i r e   a   c h a n g e .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   c o n s i d e r   a   m u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k   t h a t ' s   c o n f i g u r e d   t o   e n s u r e   t h a t   w e b - s e r v e r   D e p l o y m e n t s   h a v e   a t   l e a s t   t h r e e   r e p l i c a s .   W h e n   a   r e q u e s t   t o   c r e a t e   a   D e p l o y m e n t   o b j e c t   m a t c h e s   y o u r   w e b h o o k   c o n f i g u r a t i o n ,   t h e   w e b h o o k   s h o u l d   o n l y   u p d a t e   t h e   v a l u e   i n   t h e   s p e c . r e p l i c a s   f i e l d .


Question: What is Don't overwrite array values?

Answer: F i e l d s   i n   K u b e r n e t e s   o b j e c t   s p e c i f i c a t i o n s   m i g h t   i n c l u d e   a r r a y s .   S o m e   a r r a y s   c o n t a i n   k e y : v a l u e   p a i r s   ( l i k e   t h e   e n v V a r   f i e l d   i n   a   c o n t a i n e r   s p e c i f i c a t i o n ) ,   w h i l e   o t h e r   a r r a y s   a r e   u n k e y e d   ( l i k e   t h e   r e a d i n e s s G a t e s   f i e l d   i n   a   P o d   s p e c i f i c a t i o n ) .   T h e   o r d e r   o f   v a l u e s   i n   a n   a r r a y   f i e l d   m i g h t   m a t t e r   i n   s o m e   s i t u a t i o n s .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   t h e   o r d e r   o f   a r g u m e n t s   i n   t h e   a r g s   f i e l d   o f   a   c o n t a i n e r   s p e c i f i c a t i o n   m i g h t   a f f e c t   t h e   c o n t a i n e r .   C o n s i d e r   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   w h e n   m o d i f y i n g   a r r a y s :   W h e n e v e r   p o s s i b l e ,   u s e   t h e   a d d   J S O N P a t c h   o p e r a t i o n   i n s t e a d   o f   r e p l a c e   t o   a v o i d   a c c i d e n t a l l y   r e p l a c i n g   a   r e q u i r e d   v a l u e . T r e a t   a r r a y s   t h a t   d o n ' t   u s e   k e y : v a l u e   p a i r s   a s   s e t s . E n s u r e   t h a t   t h e   v a l u e s   i n   t h e   f i e l d   t h a t   y o u   m o d i f y   a r e n ' t   r e q u i r e d   t o   b e   i n   a   s p e c i f i c   o r d e r . D o n ' t   o v e r w r i t e   e x i s t i n g   k e y : v a l u e   p a i r s   u n l e s s   a b s o l u t e l y   n e c e s s a r y . U s e   c a u t i o n   w h e n   m o d i f y i n g   l a b e l   f i e l d s .   A n   a c c i d e n t a l   m o d i f i c a t i o n   m i g h t   c a u s e   l a b e l   s e l e c t o r s   t o   b r e a k ,   r e s u l t i n g   i n   u n i n t e n d e d   b e h a v i o r .


Question: What is Avoid side effects?

Answer: E n s u r e   t h a t   y o u r   w e b h o o k s   o p e r a t e   o n l y   o n   t h e   c o n t e n t   o f   t h e   A d m i s s i o n R e v i e w   t h a t ' s   s e n t   t o   t h e m ,   a n d   d o   n o t   m a k e   o u t - o f - b a n d   c h a n g e s .   T h e s e   a d d i t i o n a l   c h a n g e s ,   c a l l e d   s i d e   e f f e c t s ,   m i g h t   c a u s e   c o n f l i c t s   d u r i n g   a d m i s s i o n   i f   t h e y   a r e n ' t   r e c o n c i l e d   p r o p e r l y .   T h e   . w e b h o o k s [ ] . s i d e E f f e c t s   f i e l d   s h o u l d   b e   s e t   t o   N o n e   i f   a   w e b h o o k   d o e s n ' t   h a v e   a n y   s i d e   e f f e c t .   I f   s i d e   e f f e c t s   a r e   r e q u i r e d   d u r i n g   t h e   a d m i s s i o n   e v a l u a t i o n ,   t h e y   m u s t   b e   s u p p r e s s e d   w h e n   p r o c e s s i n g   a n   A d m i s s i o n R e v i e w   o b j e c t   w i t h   d r y R u n   s e t   t o   t r u e ,   a n d   t h e   . w e b h o o k s [ ] . s i d e E f f e c t s   f i e l d   s h o u l d   b e   s e t   t o   N o n e O n D r y R u n .   F o r   d e t a i l s ,   s e e   S i d e   e f f e c t s .


Question: What is Avoid self-mutations?

Answer: A   w e b h o o k   r u n n i n g   i n s i d e   t h e   c l u s t e r   m i g h t   c a u s e   d e a d l o c k s   f o r   i t s   o w n   d e p l o y m e n t   i f   i t   i s   c o n f i g u r e d   t o   i n t e r c e p t   r e s o u r c e s   r e q u i r e d   t o   s t a r t   i t s   o w n   P o d s .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   a   m u t a t i n g   a d m i s s i o n   w e b h o o k   i s   c o n f i g u r e d   t o   a d m i t   c r e a t e   P o d   r e q u e s t s   o n l y   i f   a   c e r t a i n   l a b e l   i s   s e t   i n   t h e   P o d   ( s u c h   a s   e n v :   p r o d ) .   T h e   w e b h o o k   s e r v e r   r u n s   i n   a   D e p l o y m e n t   t h a t   d o e s n ' t   s e t   t h e   e n v   l a b e l .   W h e n   a   n o d e   t h a t   r u n s   t h e   w e b h o o k   s e r v e r   P o d s   b e c o m e s   u n h e a l t h y ,   t h e   w e b h o o k   D e p l o y m e n t   t r i e s   t o   r e s c h e d u l e   t h e   P o d s   t o   a n o t h e r   n o d e .   H o w e v e r ,   t h e   e x i s t i n g   w e b h o o k   s e r v e r   r e j e c t s   t h e   r e q u e s t s   s i n c e   t h e   e n v   l a b e l   i s   u n s e t .   A s   a   r e s u l t ,   t h e   m i g r a t i o n   c a n n o t   h a p p e n .   E x c l u d e   t h e   n a m e s p a c e   w h e r e   y o u r   w e b h o o k   i s   r u n n i n g   w i t h   a   n a m e s p a c e S e l e c t o r .


Question: What is Avoid dependency loops?

Answer: D e p e n d e n c y   l o o p s   c a n   o c c u r   i n   s c e n a r i o s   l i k e   t h e   f o l l o w i n g :   T w o   w e b h o o k s   c h e c k   e a c h   o t h e r ' s   P o d s .   I f   b o t h   w e b h o o k s   b e c o m e   u n a v a i l a b l e   a t   t h e   s a m e   t i m e ,   n e i t h e r   w e b h o o k   c a n   s t a r t . Y o u r   w e b h o o k   i n t e r c e p t s   c l u s t e r   a d d - o n   c o m p o n e n t s ,   s u c h   a s   n e t w o r k i n g   p l u g i n s   o r   s t o r a g e   p l u g i n s ,   t h a t   y o u r   w e b h o o k   d e p e n d s   o n .   I f   b o t h   t h e   w e b h o o k   a n d   t h e   d e p e n d e n t   a d d - o n   b e c o m e   u n a v a i l a b l e ,   n e i t h e r   c o m p o n e n t   c a n   f u n c t i o n .   T o   a v o i d   t h e s e   d e p e n d e n c y   l o o p s ,   t r y   t h e   f o l l o w i n g :   U s e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c i e s   t o   a v o i d   i n t r o d u c i n g   d e p e n d e n c i e s . P r e v e n t   w e b h o o k s   f r o m   v a l i d a t i n g   o r   m u t a t i n g   o t h e r   w e b h o o k s .   C o n s i d e r   e x c l u d i n g   s p e c i f i c   n a m e s p a c e s   f r o m   t r i g g e r i n g   y o u r   w e b h o o k . P r e v e n t   y o u r   w e b h o o k s   f r o m   a c t i n g   o n   d e p e n d e n t   a d d - o n s   b y   u s i n g   a n   o b j e c t S e l e c t o r .


Question: What is Fail open and validate the final state?

Answer: M u t a t i n g   a d m i s s i o n   w e b h o o k s   s u p p o r t   t h e   f a i l u r e P o l i c y   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   f i e l d .   T h i s   f i e l d   i n d i c a t e s   w h e t h e r   t h e   A P I   s e r v e r   s h o u l d   a d m i t   o r   r e j e c t   t h e   r e q u e s t   i f   t h e   w e b h o o k   f a i l s .   W e b h o o k   f a i l u r e s   m i g h t   o c c u r   b e c a u s e   o f   t i m e o u t s   o r   e r r o r s   i n   t h e   s e r v e r   l o g i c .   B y   d e f a u l t ,   a d m i s s i o n   w e b h o o k s   s e t   t h e   f a i l u r e P o l i c y   f i e l d   t o   F a i l .   T h e   A P I   s e r v e r   r e j e c t s   a   r e q u e s t   i f   t h e   w e b h o o k   f a i l s .   H o w e v e r ,   r e j e c t i n g   r e q u e s t s   b y   d e f a u l t   m i g h t   r e s u l t   i n   c o m p l i a n t   r e q u e s t s   b e i n g   r e j e c t e d   d u r i n g   w e b h o o k   d o w n t i m e .   L e t   y o u r   m u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k s   " f a i l   o p e n "   b y   s e t t i n g   t h e   f a i l u r e P o l i c y   f i e l d   t o   I g n o r e .   U s e   a   v a l i d a t i n g   c o n t r o l l e r   t o   c h e c k   t h e   s t a t e   o f   r e q u e s t s   t o   e n s u r e   t h a t   t h e y   c o m p l y   w i t h   y o u r   p o l i c i e s .   T h i s   a p p r o a c h   h a s   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   b e n e f i t s :   M u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k   d o w n t i m e   d o e s n ' t   a f f e c t   c o m p l i a n t   r e s o u r c e s   f r o m   d e p l o y i n g . P o l i c y   e n f o r c e m e n t   o c c u r s   d u r i n g   v a l i d a t i n g   a d m i s s i o n   c o n t r o l . M u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k s   d o n ' t   i n t e r f e r e   w i t h   o t h e r   c o n t r o l l e r s   i n   t h e   c l u s t e r .


Question: What is Plan for future updates to fields?

Answer: I n   g e n e r a l ,   d e s i g n   y o u r   w e b h o o k s   u n d e r   t h e   a s s u m p t i o n   t h a t   K u b e r n e t e s   A P I s   m i g h t   c h a n g e   i n   a   l a t e r   v e r s i o n .   D o n ' t   w r i t e   a   s e r v e r   t h a t   t a k e s   t h e   s t a b i l i t y   o f   a n   A P I   f o r   g r a n t e d .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   t h e   r e l e a s e   o f   s i d e c a r   c o n t a i n e r s   i n   K u b e r n e t e s   a d d e d   a   r e s t a r t P o l i c y   f i e l d   t o   t h e   P o d   A P I .


Question: What is Prevent your webhook from triggering itself?

Answer: M u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k s   t h a t   r e s p o n d   t o   a   b r o a d   r a n g e   o f   A P I   r e q u e s t s   m i g h t   u n i n t e n t i o n a l l y   t r i g g e r   t h e m s e l v e s .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   c o n s i d e r   a   w e b h o o k   t h a t   r e s p o n d s   t o   a l l   r e q u e s t s   i n   t h e   c l u s t e r .   I f   y o u   c o n f i g u r e   t h e   w e b h o o k   t o   c r e a t e   E v e n t   o b j e c t s   f o r   e v e r y   m u t a t i o n ,   i t ' l l   r e s p o n d   t o   i t s   o w n   E v e n t   o b j e c t   c r e a t i o n   r e q u e s t s .   T o   a v o i d   t h i s ,   c o n s i d e r   s e t t i n g   a   u n i q u e   l a b e l   i n   a n y   r e s o u r c e s   t h a t   y o u r   w e b h o o k   c r e a t e s .   E x c l u d e   t h i s   l a b e l   f r o m   y o u r   w e b h o o k   m a t c h   c o n d i t i o n s .


Question: What is Don't change immutable objects?

Answer: S o m e   K u b e r n e t e s   o b j e c t s   i n   t h e   A P I   s e r v e r   c a n ' t   c h a n g e .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   w h e n   y o u   d e p l o y   a   s t a t i c   P o d ,   t h e   k u b e l e t   o n   t h e   n o d e   c r e a t e s   a   m i r r o r   P o d   i n   t h e   A P I   s e r v e r   t o   t r a c k   t h e   s t a t i c   P o d .   H o w e v e r ,   c h a n g e s   t o   t h e   m i r r o r   P o d   d o n ' t   p r o p a g a t e   t o   t h e   s t a t i c   P o d .   D o n ' t   a t t e m p t   t o   m u t a t e   t h e s e   o b j e c t s   d u r i n g   a d m i s s i o n .   A l l   m i r r o r   P o d s   h a v e   t h e   k u b e r n e t e s . i o / c o n f i g . m i r r o r   a n n o t a t i o n .   T o   e x c l u d e   m i r r o r   P o d s   w h i l e   r e d u c i n g   t h e   s e c u r i t y   r i s k   o f   i g n o r i n g   a n   a n n o t a t i o n ,   a l l o w   s t a t i c   P o d s   t o   o n l y   r u n   i n   s p e c i f i c   n a m e s p a c e s .


Question: What is Mutating webhook ordering and idempotence?

Answer: T h i s   s e c t i o n   p r o v i d e s   r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s   f o r   w e b h o o k   o r d e r   a n d   d e s i g n i n g   i d e m p o t e n t   w e b h o o k s .   I n   s u m m a r y ,   t h e s e   a r e   a s   f o l l o w s :   D o n ' t   r e l y   o n   a   s p e c i f i c   o r d e r   o f   e x e c u t i o n . V a l i d a t e   m u t a t i o n s   b e f o r e   a d m i s s i o n . C h e c k   f o r   m u t a t i o n s   b e i n g   o v e r w r i t t e n   b y   o t h e r   c o n t r o l l e r s . E n s u r e   t h a t   t h e   s e t   o f   m u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k s   i s   i d e m p o t e n t ,   n o t   j u s t   t h e   i n d i v i d u a l   w e b h o o k s .


Question: What is Don't rely on mutating webhook invocation order?

Answer: M u t a t i n g   a d m i s s i o n   w e b h o o k s   d o n ' t   r u n   i n   a   c o n s i s t e n t   o r d e r .   V a r i o u s   f a c t o r s   m i g h t   c h a n g e   w h e n   a   s p e c i f i c   w e b h o o k   i s   c a l l e d .   D o n ' t   r e l y   o n   y o u r   w e b h o o k   r u n n i n g   a t   a   s p e c i f i c   p o i n t   i n   t h e   a d m i s s i o n   p r o c e s s .   O t h e r   w e b h o o k s   c o u l d   s t i l l   m u t a t e   y o u r   m o d i f i e d   o b j e c t .   T h e   f o l l o w i n g   r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s   m i g h t   h e l p   t o   m i n i m i z e   t h e   r i s k   o f   u n i n t e n d e d   c h a n g e s :   V a l i d a t e   m u t a t i o n s   b e f o r e   a d m i s s i o n U s e   a   r e i n v o c a t i o n   p o l i c y   t o   o b s e r v e   c h a n g e s   t o   a n   o b j e c t   b y   o t h e r   p l u g i n s   a n d   r e - r u n   t h e   w e b h o o k   a s   n e e d e d .   F o r   d e t a i l s ,   s e e   R e i n v o c a t i o n   p o l i c y .


Question: What is Ensure that the mutating webhooks in your cluster are idempotent?

Answer: E v e r y   m u t a t i n g   a d m i s s i o n   w e b h o o k   s h o u l d   b e   i d e m p o t e n t .   T h e   w e b h o o k   s h o u l d   b e   a b l e   t o   r u n   o n   a n   o b j e c t   t h a t   i t   a l r e a d y   m o d i f i e d   w i t h o u t   m a k i n g   a d d i t i o n a l   c h a n g e s   b e y o n d   t h e   o r i g i n a l   c h a n g e .   A d d i t i o n a l l y ,   a l l   o f   t h e   m u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k s   i n   y o u r   c l u s t e r   s h o u l d ,   a s   a   c o l l e c t i o n ,   b e   i d e m p o t e n t .   A f t e r   t h e   m u t a t i o n   p h a s e   o f   a d m i s s i o n   c o n t r o l   e n d s ,   e v e r y   i n d i v i d u a l   m u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k   s h o u l d   b e   a b l e   t o   r u n   o n   a n   o b j e c t   w i t h o u t   m a k i n g   a d d i t i o n a l   c h a n g e s   t o   t h e   o b j e c t .   D e p e n d i n g   o n   y o u r   e n v i r o n m e n t ,   e n s u r i n g   i d e m p o t e n c e   a t   s c a l e   m i g h t   b e   c h a l l e n g i n g .   T h e   f o l l o w i n g   r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s   m i g h t   h e l p :   U s e   v a l i d a t i n g   a d m i s s i o n   c o n t r o l l e r s   t o   v e r i f y   t h e   f i n a l   s t a t e   o f   c r i t i c a l   w o r k l o a d s . T e s t   y o u r   d e p l o y m e n t s   i n   a   s t a g i n g   c l u s t e r   t o   s e e   i f   a n y   o b j e c t s   g e t   m o d i f i e d   m u l t i p l e   t i m e s   b y   t h e   s a m e   w e b h o o k . E n s u r e   t h a t   t h e   s c o p e   o f   e a c h   m u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k   i s   s p e c i f i c   a n d   l i m i t e d .   T h e   f o l l o w i n g   e x a m p l e s   s h o w   i d e m p o t e n t   m u t a t i o n   l o g i c :   F o r   a   c r e a t e   P o d   r e q u e s t ,   s e t   t h e   f i e l d   . s p e c . s e c u r i t y C o n t e x t . r u n A s N o n R o o t   o f   t h e   P o d   t o   t r u


Question: What is Mutation testing and validation?

Answer: T h i s   s e c t i o n   p r o v i d e s   r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s   f o r   t e s t i n g   y o u r   m u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k s   a n d   v a l i d a t i n g   m u t a t e d   o b j e c t s .   I n   s u m m a r y ,   t h e s e   a r e   a s   f o l l o w s :   T e s t   w e b h o o k s   i n   s t a g i n g   e n v i r o n m e n t s . A v o i d   m u t a t i o n s   t h a t   v i o l a t e   v a l i d a t i o n s . T e s t   m i n o r   v e r s i o n   u p g r a d e s   f o r   r e g r e s s i o n s   a n d   c o n f l i c t s . V a l i d a t e   m u t a t e d   o b j e c t s   b e f o r e   a d m i s s i o n .


Question: What is Test webhooks in staging environments?

Answer: R o b u s t   t e s t i n g   s h o u l d   b e   a   c o r e   p a r t   o f   y o u r   r e l e a s e   c y c l e   f o r   n e w   o r   u p d a t e d   w e b h o o k s .   I f   p o s s i b l e ,   t e s t   a n y   c h a n g e s   t o   y o u r   c l u s t e r   w e b h o o k s   i n   a   s t a g i n g   e n v i r o n m e n t   t h a t   c l o s e l y   r e s e m b l e s   y o u r   p r o d u c t i o n   c l u s t e r s .   A t   t h e   v e r y   l e a s t ,   c o n s i d e r   u s i n g   a   t o o l   l i k e   m i n i k u b e   o r   k i n d   t o   c r e a t e   a   s m a l l   t e s t   c l u s t e r   f o r   w e b h o o k   c h a n g e s .


Question: What is Ensure that mutations don't violate validations?

Answer: Y o u r   m u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k s   s h o u l d n ' t   b r e a k   a n y   o f   t h e   v a l i d a t i o n s   t h a t   a p p l y   t o   a n   o b j e c t   b e f o r e   a d m i s s i o n .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   c o n s i d e r   a   m u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k   t h a t   s e t s   t h e   d e f a u l t   C P U   r e q u e s t   o f   a   P o d   t o   a   s p e c i f i c   v a l u e .   I f   t h e   C P U   l i m i t   o f   t h a t   P o d   i s   s e t   t o   a   l o w e r   v a l u e   t h a n   t h e   m u t a t e d   r e q u e s t ,   t h e   P o d   f a i l s   a d m i s s i o n .   T e s t   e v e r y   m u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k   a g a i n s t   t h e   v a l i d a t i o n s   t h a t   r u n   i n   y o u r   c l u s t e r .


Question: What is Test minor version upgrades to ensure consistent behavior?

Answer: B e f o r e   u p g r a d i n g   y o u r   p r o d u c t i o n   c l u s t e r s   t o   a   n e w   m i n o r   v e r s i o n ,   t e s t   y o u r   w e b h o o k s   a n d   w o r k l o a d s   i n   a   s t a g i n g   e n v i r o n m e n t .   C o m p a r e   t h e   r e s u l t s   t o   e n s u r e   t h a t   y o u r   w e b h o o k s   c o n t i n u e   t o   f u n c t i o n   a s   e x p e c t e d   a f t e r   t h e   u p g r a d e .   A d d i t i o n a l l y ,   u s e   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   r e s o u r c e s   t o   s t a y   i n f o r m e d   a b o u t   A P I   c h a n g e s :   K u b e r n e t e s   r e l e a s e   n o t e s K u b e r n e t e s   b l o g


Question: What is Validate mutations before admission?

Answer: M u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k s   r u n   t o   c o m p l e t i o n   b e f o r e   a n y   v a l i d a t i n g   w e b h o o k s   r u n .   T h e r e   i s   n o   s t a b l e   o r d e r   i n   w h i c h   m u t a t i o n s   a r e   a p p l i e d   t o   o b j e c t s .   A s   a   r e s u l t ,   y o u r   m u t a t i o n s   c o u l d   g e t   o v e r w r i t t e n   b y   a   m u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k   t h a t   r u n s   a t   a   l a t e r   t i m e .   A d d   a   v a l i d a t i n g   a d m i s s i o n   c o n t r o l l e r   l i k e   a   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n W e b h o o k   o r   a   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y   t o   y o u r   c l u s t e r   t o   e n s u r e   t h a t   y o u r   m u t a t i o n s   a r e   s t i l l   p r e s e n t .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   c o n s i d e r   a   m u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k   t h a t   i n s e r t s   t h e   r e s t a r t P o l i c y :   A l w a y s   f i e l d   t o   s p e c i f i c   i n i t   c o n t a i n e r s   t o   m a k e   t h e m   r u n   a s   s i d e c a r   c o n t a i n e r s .   Y o u   c o u l d   r u n   a   v a l i d a t i n g   w e b h o o k   t o   e n s u r e   t h a t   t h o s e   i n i t   c o n t a i n e r s   r e t a i n e d   t h e   r e s t a r t P o l i c y :   A l w a y s   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   a f t e r   a l l   m u t a t i o n s   w e r e   c o m p l e t e d .   F o r   d e t a i l s ,   s e e   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   r e s o u r c e s :   V a l i d a t i n g   A d m i s s i o n   P o l i c y V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n W e b h o o k s


Question: What is Mutating webhook deployment?

Answer: T h i s   s e c t i o n   p r o v i d e s   r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s   f o r   d e p l o y i n g   y o u r   m u t a t i n g   a d m i s s i o n   w e b h o o k s .   I n   s u m m a r y ,   t h e s e   a r e   a s   f o l l o w s :   G r a d u a l l y   r o l l   o u t   t h e   w e b h o o k   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   a n d   m o n i t o r   f o r   i s s u e s   b y   n a m e s p a c e . L i m i t   a c c e s s   t o   e d i t   t h e   w e b h o o k   c o n f i g u r a t i o n   r e s o u r c e s . L i m i t   a c c e s s   t o   t h e   n a m e s p a c e   t h a t   r u n s   t h e   w e b h o o k   s e r v e r ,   i f   t h e   s e r v e r   i s   i n - c l u s t e r .


Question: What is Install and enable a mutating webhook?

Answer: W h e n   y o u ' r e   r e a d y   t o   d e p l o y   y o u r   m u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k   t o   a   c l u s t e r ,   u s e   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   o r d e r   o f   o p e r a t i o n s :   I n s t a l l   t h e   w e b h o o k   s e r v e r   a n d   s t a r t   i t . S e t   t h e   f a i l u r e P o l i c y   f i e l d   i n   t h e   M u t a t i n g W e b h o o k C o n f i g u r a t i o n   m a n i f e s t   t o   I g n o r e .   T h i s   l e t s   y o u   a v o i d   d i s r u p t i o n s   c a u s e d   b y   m i s c o n f i g u r e d   w e b h o o k s . S e t   t h e   n a m e s p a c e S e l e c t o r   f i e l d   i n   t h e   M u t a t i n g W e b h o o k C o n f i g u r a t i o n   m a n i f e s t   t o   a   t e s t   n a m e s p a c e . D e p l o y   t h e   M u t a t i n g W e b h o o k C o n f i g u r a t i o n   t o   y o u r   c l u s t e r .   M o n i t o r   t h e   w e b h o o k   i n   t h e   t e s t   n a m e s p a c e   t o   c h e c k   f o r   a n y   i s s u e s ,   t h e n   r o l l   t h e   w e b h o o k   o u t   t o   o t h e r   n a m e s p a c e s .   I f   t h e   w e b h o o k   i n t e r c e p t s   a n   A P I   r e q u e s t   t h a t   i t   w a s n ' t   m e a n t   t o   i n t e r c e p t ,   p a u s e   t h e   r o l l o u t   a n d   a d j u s t   t h e   s c o p e   o f   t h e   w e b h o o k   c o n f i g u r a t i o n .


Question: What is Limit edit access to mutating webhooks?

Answer: M u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k s   a r e   p o w e r f u l   K u b e r n e t e s   c o n t r o l l e r s .   U s e   R B A C   o r   a n o t h e r   a u t h o r i z a t i o n   m e c h a n i s m   t o   l i m i t   a c c e s s   t o   y o u r   w e b h o o k   c o n f i g u r a t i o n s   a n d   s e r v e r s .   F o r   R B A C ,   e n s u r e   t h a t   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   a c c e s s   i s   o n l y   a v a i l a b l e   t o   t r u s t e d   e n t i t i e s :   V e r b s :   c r e a t e ,   u p d a t e ,   p a t c h ,   d e l e t e ,   d e l e t e c o l l e c t i o n A P I   g r o u p :   a d m i s s i o n r e g i s t r a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 A P I   k i n d :   M u t a t i n g W e b h o o k C o n f i g u r a t i o n s   I f   y o u r   m u t a t i n g   w e b h o o k   s e r v e r   r u n s   i n   t h e   c l u s t e r ,   l i m i t   a c c e s s   t o   c r e a t e   o r   m o d i f y   a n y   r e s o u r c e s   i n   t h a t   n a m e s p a c e .


Question: What is Examples of good implementations?

Answer: T h e   f o l l o w i n g   p r o j e c t s   a r e   e x a m p l e s   o f   " g o o d "   c u s t o m   w e b h o o k   s e r v e r   i m p l e m e n t a t i o n s .   Y o u   c a n   u s e   t h e m   a s   a   s t a r t i n g   p o i n t   w h e n   d e s i g n i n g   y o u r   o w n   w e b h o o k s .   D o n ' t   u s e   t h e s e   e x a m p l e s   a s - i s ;   u s e   t h e m   a s   a   s t a r t i n g   p o i n t   a n d   d e s i g n   y o u r   w e b h o o k s   t o   r u n   w e l l   i n   y o u r   s p e c i f i c   e n v i r o n m e n t .   c e r t - m a n a g e r G a t e k e e p e r   O p e n   P o l i c y   A g e n t   ( O P A )


Question: What is What's next?

Answer: U s e   w e b h o o k s   f o r   a u t h e n t i c a t i o n   a n d   a u t h o r i z a t i o n L e a r n   a b o u t   M u t a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c i e s L e a r n   a b o u t   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c i e s   I t e m s   o n   t h i s   p a g e   r e f e r   t o   t h i r d   p a r t y   p r o d u c t s   o r   p r o j e c t s   t h a t   p r o v i d e   f u n c t i o n a l i t y   r e q u i r e d   b y   K u b e r n e t e s .   T h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t   a u t h o r s   a r e n ' t   r e s p o n s i b l e   f o r   t h o s e   t h i r d - p a r t y   p r o d u c t s   o r   p r o j e c t s .   S e e   t h e   C N C F   w e b s i t e   g u i d e l i n e s   f o r   m o r e   d e t a i l s .   Y o u   s h o u l d   r e a d   t h e   c o n t e n t   g u i d e   b e f o r e   p r o p o s i n g   a   c h a n g e   t h a t   a d d s   a n   e x t r a   t h i r d - p a r t y   l i n k .


Question: What is IP Masquerade Agent User Guide?

Answer: IP Masquerade Agent User GuideThis page shows how to configure and enable the ip-masq-agent.Before you beginYou need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. It is recommended to run this tutorial on a cluster with at least two nodes that are not acting as control plane hosts. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using minikube or you can use one of these Kubernetes playgrounds:iximiuz LabsKillercodaKodeKloudPlay with KubernetesTo check the version, enter kubectl version.IP Masquerade Agent User GuideThe ip-masq-agent configures iptables rules to hide a pod's IP address behind the cluster node's IP address. This is typically done when sending traffic to destinations outside the cluster's pod CIDR range.Key TermsNAT (Network Address Translation): Is a method of remapping one IP address to another by modifying either the source and/or destination address information in the IP header. Typically performed by a device doing IP routing.Masquerading: A form of NAT that is typically used to perform a many to one address translation, where multiple source IP addresses are masked behind a single address, which is typically the device doing the IP routing. In Kubernetes this is the Node's IP address.CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing): Based on the variable-length subnet masking, allows specifying arbitrary-length prefixes. CIDR introduced a new method of representation for IP addresses, now commonly known as CIDR notation, in which an address or routing prefix is written with a suffix indicating the number of bits of the prefix, such as 192.168.2.0/24.Link Local: A link-local address is a network address that is valid only for communications within the network segment or the broadcast domain that the host is connected to. Link-local addresses for IPv4 are defined in the address block 169.254.0.0/16 in CIDR notation.The ip-masq-agent configures iptables rules to handle masquerading node/pod IP addresses when sending traffic to destinations outside the cluster node's IP and the Cluster IP range. This essentially hides pod IP addresses behind the cluster node's IP address. In some environments, traffic to "external" addresses must come from a known machine address. For example, in Google Cloud, any traffic to the internet must come from a VM's IP. When containers are used, as in Google Kubernetes Engine, the Pod IP will be rejected for egress. To avoid this, we must hide the Pod IP behind the VM's own IP address - generally known as "masquerade". By default, the agent is configured to treat the three private IP ranges specified by RFC 1918 as non-masquerade CIDR. These ranges are 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16. The agent will also treat link-local (169.254.0.0/16) as a non-masquerade CIDR by default. The agent is configured to reload its configuration from the location /etc/config/ip-masq-agent every 60 seconds, which is also configurable.The ag


Question: How does IP Masquerade Agent User Guide work?

Answer: IP Masquerade Agent User GuideThis page shows how to configure and enable the ip-masq-agent.Before you beginYou need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. It is recommended to run this tutorial on a cluster with at least two nodes that are not acting as control plane hosts. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using minikube or you can use one of these Kubernetes playgrounds:iximiuz LabsKillercodaKodeKloudPlay with KubernetesTo check the version, enter kubectl version.IP Masquerade Agent User GuideThe ip-masq-agent configures iptables rules to hide a pod's IP address behind the cluster node's IP address. This is typically done when sending traffic to destinations outside the cluster's pod CIDR range.Key TermsNAT (Network Address Translation): Is a method of remapping one IP address to another by modifying either the source and/or destination address information in the IP header. Typically performed by a device doing IP routing.Masquerading: A form of NAT that is typically used to perform a many to one address translation, where multiple source IP addresses are masked behind a single address, which is typically the device doing the IP routing. In Kubernetes this is the Node's IP address.CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing): Based on the variable-length subnet masking, allows specifying arbitrary-length prefixes. CIDR introduced a new method of representation for IP addresses, now commonly known as CIDR notation, in which an address or routing prefix is written with a suffix indicating the number of bits of the prefix, such as 192.168.2.0/24.Link Local: A link-local address is a network address that is valid only for communications within the network segment or the broadcast domain that the host is connected to. Link-local addresses for IPv4 are defined in the address block 169.254.0.0/16 in CIDR notation.The ip-masq-agent configures iptables rules to handle masquerading node/pod IP addresses when sending traffic to destinations outside the cluster node's IP and the Cluster IP range. This essentially hides pod IP addresses behind the cluster node's IP address. In some environments, traffic to "external" addresses must come from a known machine address. For example, in Google Cloud, any traffic to the internet must come from a VM's IP. When containers are used, as in Google Kubernetes Engine, the Pod IP will be rejected for egress. To avoid this, we must hide the Pod IP behind the VM's own IP address - generally known as "masquerade". By default, the agent is configured to treat the three private IP ranges specified by RFC 1918 as non-masquerade CIDR. These ranges are 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16. The agent will also treat link-local (169.254.0.0/16) as a non-masquerade CIDR by default. The agent is configured to reload its configuration from the location /etc/config/ip-masq-agent every 60 seconds, which is also configurable.The ag


Question: When would you use IP Masquerade Agent User Guide?

Answer: IP Masquerade Agent User GuideThis page shows how to configure and enable the ip-masq-agent.Before you beginYou need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. It is recommended to run this tutorial on a cluster with at least two nodes that are not acting as control plane hosts. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using minikube or you can use one of these Kubernetes playgrounds:iximiuz LabsKillercodaKodeKloudPlay with KubernetesTo check the version, enter kubectl version.IP Masquerade Agent User GuideThe ip-masq-agent configures iptables rules to hide a pod's IP address behind the cluster node's IP address. This is typically done when sending traffic to destinations outside the cluster's pod CIDR range.Key TermsNAT (Network Address Translation): Is a method of remapping one IP address to another by modifying either the source and/or destination address information in the IP header. Typically performed by a device doing IP routing.Masquerading: A form of NAT that is typically used to perform a many to one address translation, where multiple source IP addresses are masked behind a single address, which is typically the device doing the IP routing. In Kubernetes this is the Node's IP address.CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing): Based on the variable-length subnet masking, allows specifying arbitrary-length prefixes. CIDR introduced a new method of representation for IP addresses, now commonly known as CIDR notation, in which an address or routing prefix is written with a suffix indicating the number of bits of the prefix, such as 192.168.2.0/24.Link Local: A link-local address is a network address that is valid only for communications within the network segment or the broadcast domain that the host is connected to. Link-local addresses for IPv4 are defined in the address block 169.254.0.0/16 in CIDR notation.The ip-masq-agent configures iptables rules to handle masquerading node/pod IP addresses when sending traffic to destinations outside the cluster node's IP and the Cluster IP range. This essentially hides pod IP addresses behind the cluster node's IP address. In some environments, traffic to "external" addresses must come from a known machine address. For example, in Google Cloud, any traffic to the internet must come from a VM's IP. When containers are used, as in Google Kubernetes Engine, the Pod IP will be rejected for egress. To avoid this, we must hide the Pod IP behind the VM's own IP address - generally known as "masquerade". By default, the agent is configured to treat the three private IP ranges specified by RFC 1918 as non-masquerade CIDR. These ranges are 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16. The agent will also treat link-local (169.254.0.0/16) as a non-masquerade CIDR by default. The agent is configured to reload its configuration from the location /etc/config/ip-masq-agent every 60 seconds, which is also configurable.The ag


Question: What are the benefits of IP Masquerade Agent User Guide?

Answer: IP Masquerade Agent User GuideThis page shows how to configure and enable the ip-masq-agent.Before you beginYou need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must be configured to communicate with your cluster. It is recommended to run this tutorial on a cluster with at least two nodes that are not acting as control plane hosts. If you do not already have a cluster, you can create one by using minikube or you can use one of these Kubernetes playgrounds:iximiuz LabsKillercodaKodeKloudPlay with KubernetesTo check the version, enter kubectl version.IP Masquerade Agent User GuideThe ip-masq-agent configures iptables rules to hide a pod's IP address behind the cluster node's IP address. This is typically done when sending traffic to destinations outside the cluster's pod CIDR range.Key TermsNAT (Network Address Translation): Is a method of remapping one IP address to another by modifying either the source and/or destination address information in the IP header. Typically performed by a device doing IP routing.Masquerading: A form of NAT that is typically used to perform a many to one address translation, where multiple source IP addresses are masked behind a single address, which is typically the device doing the IP routing. In Kubernetes this is the Node's IP address.CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing): Based on the variable-length subnet masking, allows specifying arbitrary-length prefixes. CIDR introduced a new method of representation for IP addresses, now commonly known as CIDR notation, in which an address or routing prefix is written with a suffix indicating the number of bits of the prefix, such as 192.168.2.0/24.Link Local: A link-local address is a network address that is valid only for communications within the network segment or the broadcast domain that the host is connected to. Link-local addresses for IPv4 are defined in the address block 169.254.0.0/16 in CIDR notation.The ip-masq-agent configures iptables rules to handle masquerading node/pod IP addresses when sending traffic to destinations outside the cluster node's IP and the Cluster IP range. This essentially hides pod IP addresses behind the cluster node's IP address. In some environments, traffic to "external" addresses must come from a known machine address. For example, in Google Cloud, any traffic to the internet must come from a VM's IP. When containers are used, as in Google Kubernetes Engine, the Pod IP will be rejected for egress. To avoid this, we must hide the Pod IP behind the VM's own IP address - generally known as "masquerade". By default, the agent is configured to treat the three private IP ranges specified by RFC 1918 as non-masquerade CIDR. These ranges are 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16. The agent will also treat link-local (169.254.0.0/16) as a non-masquerade CIDR by default. The agent is configured to reload its configuration from the location /etc/config/ip-masq-agent every 60 seconds, which is also configurable.The ag


Question: What is IP Masquerade Agent User Guide?

Answer: T h i s   p a g e   s h o w s   h o w   t o   c o n f i g u r e   a n d   e n a b l e   t h e   i p - m a s q - a g e n t .


Question: What is Before you begin?

Answer: Y o u   n e e d   t o   h a v e   a   K u b e r n e t e s   c l u s t e r ,   a n d   t h e   k u b e c t l   c o m m a n d - l i n e   t o o l   m u s t   b e   c o n f i g u r e d   t o   c o m m u n i c a t e   w i t h   y o u r   c l u s t e r .   I t   i s   r e c o m m e n d e d   t o   r u n   t h i s   t u t o r i a l   o n   a   c l u s t e r   w i t h   a t   l e a s t   t w o   n o d e s   t h a t   a r e   n o t   a c t i n g   a s   c o n t r o l   p l a n e   h o s t s .   I f   y o u   d o   n o t   a l r e a d y   h a v e   a   c l u s t e r ,   y o u   c a n   c r e a t e   o n e   b y   u s i n g   m i n i k u b e   o r   y o u   c a n   u s e   o n e   o f   t h e s e   K u b e r n e t e s   p l a y g r o u n d s : i x i m i u z   L a b s K i l l e r c o d a K o d e K l o u d P l a y   w i t h   K u b e r n e t e s T o   c h e c k   t h e   v e r s i o n ,   e n t e r   k u b e c t l   v e r s i o n .   Y o u   n e e d   t o   h a v e   a   K u b e r n e t e s   c l u s t e r ,   a n d   t h e   k u b e c t l   c o m m a n d - l i n e   t o o l   m u s t   b e   c o n f i g u r e d   t o   c o m m u n i c a t e   w i t h   y o u r   c l u s t e r .   I t   i s   r e c o m m e n d e d   t o   r u n   t h i s   t u t o r i a l   o n   a   c l u s t e r   w i t h   a t   l e a s t   t w o   n o d e s   t h a t   a r e   n o t   a c t i n g   a s   c o n t r o l   p l a n e   h o s t s .   I f   y o u   d o   n o t   a l r e a d y   h a v e   a   c l u s t e r ,   y o u   c a n   c r e a t e   o n e   b y   u s i n g   m i n i k u b e   o r   y o u   c a n   u s e   o n e   o f   t h e s e   K u b e r n e t e s   p l a y g r o u n d s :   i x i m i u z   L a b s K i l l e r c o d a K o d e K l o u d P l a y   w i t h   K u b e r n e t e s   T o   c h e c k   t h e   v e r s i o n ,   e n t e r   k u b e c t l   v e r s i o n .


Question: What is IP Masquerade Agent User Guide?

Answer: T h e   i p - m a s q - a g e n t   c o n f i g u r e s   i p t a b l e s   r u l e s   t o   h i d e   a   p o d ' s   I P   a d d r e s s   b e h i n d   t h e   c l u s t e r   n o d e ' s   I P   a d d r e s s .   T h i s   i s   t y p i c a l l y   d o n e   w h e n   s e n d i n g   t r a f f i c   t o   d e s t i n a t i o n s   o u t s i d e   t h e   c l u s t e r ' s   p o d   C I D R   r a n g e .


Question: What is Key Terms?

Answer: N A T   ( N e t w o r k   A d d r e s s   T r a n s l a t i o n ) :   I s   a   m e t h o d   o f   r e m a p p i n g   o n e   I P   a d d r e s s   t o   a n o t h e r   b y   m o d i f y i n g   e i t h e r   t h e   s o u r c e   a n d / o r   d e s t i n a t i o n   a d d r e s s   i n f o r m a t i o n   i n   t h e   I P   h e a d e r .   T y p i c a l l y   p e r f o r m e d   b y   a   d e v i c e   d o i n g   I P   r o u t i n g . M a s q u e r a d i n g :   A   f o r m   o f   N A T   t h a t   i s   t y p i c a l l y   u s e d   t o   p e r f o r m   a   m a n y   t o   o n e   a d d r e s s   t r a n s l a t i o n ,   w h e r e   m u l t i p l e   s o u r c e   I P   a d d r e s s e s   a r e   m a s k e d   b e h i n d   a   s i n g l e   a d d r e s s ,   w h i c h   i s   t y p i c a l l y   t h e   d e v i c e   d o i n g   t h e   I P   r o u t i n g .   I n   K u b e r n e t e s   t h i s   i s   t h e   N o d e ' s   I P   a d d r e s s . C I D R   ( C l a s s l e s s   I n t e r - D o m a i n   R o u t i n g ) :   B a s e d   o n   t h e   v a r i a b l e - l e n g t h   s u b n e t   m a s k i n g ,   a l l o w s   s p e c i f y i n g   a r b i t r a r y - l e n g t h   p r e f i x e s .   C I D R   i n t r o d u c e d   a   n e w   m e t h o d   o f   r e p r e s e n t a t i o n   f o r   I P   a d d r e s s e s ,   n o w   c o m m o n l y   k n o w n   a s   C I D R   n o t a t i o n ,   i n   w h i c h   a n   a d d r e s s   o r   r o u t i n g   p r e f i x   i s   w r i t t e n   w i t h   a   s u f f i x   i n d i c a t i n g   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   b i t s   o f   t h e   p r e f i x ,   s u c h   a s   1 9 2 . 1 6 8 . 2 . 0 / 2 4 . L i n k   L o c a l :   A   l i n k - l o c a l   a d d r e s s   i s   a   n e t w o r k   a d d r e s s   t h a t   i s   v a l i d   o n l y   f o r   c o m m u n i c a t i o n s   w i t h i n   t h e   n e t w o r k   s e g m e n t   o r   t h e   b r o a d c a s t   d o m a i n   t h a t   t h e


Question: What is Create an ip-masq-agent?

Answer: T o   c r e a t e   a n   i p - m a s q - a g e n t ,   r u n   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   k u b e c t l   c o m m a n d :   k u b e c t l   a p p l y   - f   h t t p s : / / r a w . g i t h u b u s e r c o n t e n t . c o m / k u b e r n e t e s - s i g s / i p - m a s q - a g e n t / m a s t e r / i p - m a s q - a g e n t . y a m l   Y o u   m u s t   a l s o   a p p l y   t h e   a p p r o p r i a t e   n o d e   l a b e l   t o   a n y   n o d e s   i n   y o u r   c l u s t e r   t h a t   y o u   w a n t   t h e   a g e n t   t o   r u n   o n .   k u b e c t l   l a b e l   n o d e s   m y - n o d e   n o d e . k u b e r n e t e s . i o / m a s q - a g e n t - d s - r e a d y = t r u e   M o r e   i n f o r m a t i o n   c a n   b e   f o u n d   i n   t h e   i p - m a s q - a g e n t   d o c u m e n t a t i o n   h e r e .   I n   m o s t   c a s e s ,   t h e   d e f a u l t   s e t   o f   r u l e s   s h o u l d   b e   s u f f i c i e n t ;   h o w e v e r ,   i f   t h i s   i s   n o t   t h e   c a s e   f o r   y o u r   c l u s t e r ,   y o u   c a n   c r e a t e   a n d   a p p l y   a   C o n f i g M a p   t o   c u s t o m i z e   t h e   I P   r a n g e s   t h a t   a r e   a f f e c t e d .   F o r   e x a m p l e ,   t o   a l l o w   o n l y   1 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 / 8   t o   b e   c o n s i d e r e d   b y   t h e   i p - m a s q - a g e n t ,   y o u   c a n   c r e a t e   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   C o n f i g M a p   i n   a   f i l e   c a l l e d   " c o n f i g " .


Question: What is Note:?

Answer: I t   i s   i m p o r t a n t   t h a t   t h e   f i l e   i s   c a l l e d   c o n f i g   s i n c e ,   b y   d e f a u l t ,   t h a t   w i l l   b e   u s e d   a s   t h e   k e y   f o r   l o o k u p   b y   t h e   i p - m a s q - a g e n t :   n o n M a s q u e r a d e C I D R s :   -   1 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 / 8   r e s y n c I n t e r v a l :   6 0 s   R u n   t h e   f o l l o w i n g   c o m m a n d   t o   a d d   t h e   c o n f i g m a p   t o   y o u r   c l u s t e r :   k u b e c t l   c r e a t e   c o n f i g m a p   i p - m a s q - a g e n t   - - f r o m - f i l e = c o n f i g   - - n a m e s p a c e = k u b e - s y s t e m   T h i s   w i l l   u p d a t e   a   f i l e   l o c a t e d   a t   / e t c / c o n f i g / i p - m a s q - a g e n t   w h i c h   i s   p e r i o d i c a l l y   c h e c k e d   e v e r y   r e s y n c I n t e r v a l   a n d   a p p l i e d   t o   t h e   c l u s t e r   n o d e .   A f t e r   t h e   r e s y n c   i n t e r v a l   h a s   e x p i r e d ,   y o u   s h o u l d   s e e   t h e   i p t a b l e s   r u l e s   r e f l e c t   y o u r   c h a n g e s :   i p t a b l e s   - t   n a t   - L   I P - M A S Q - A G E N T   C h a i n   I P - M A S Q - A G E N T   ( 1   r e f e r e n c e s )   t a r g e t   p r o t   o p t   s o u r c e   d e s t i n a t i o n   R E T U R N   a l l   - -   a n y w h e r e   1 6 9 . 2 5 4 . 0 . 0 / 1 6   / *   i p - m a s q - a g e n t :   c l u s t e r - l o c a l   t r a f f i c   s h o u l d   n o t   b e   s u b j e c t   t o   M A S Q U E R A D E   * /   A D D R T Y P E   m a t c h   d s t - t y p e   ! L O C A L   R E T U R N   a l l   - -   a n y w h e r e   1 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 / 8   / *   i p - m a s q - a g e n t :   c l u s t e r - l o c a l   M A S Q U E R A D E   a l l   - -   a n y w h e r e   a n y w h e r e   / *   i p - m a s q - a g e n t :   o u t b o u n d   t r a f f i c   s h o u l d   b e   s u b j e c t   t o   M A S Q U E R A D E   ( t h i s   m a t c h   m


Question: What is ValidatingAdmissionPolicy?

Answer: ValidatingAdmissionPolicyValidatingAdmissionPolicy describes the definition of an admission validation policy that accepts or rejects an object without changing it.apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1import "k8s.io/api/admissionregistration/v1"ValidatingAdmissionPolicyValidatingAdmissionPolicy describes the definition of an admission validation policy that accepts or rejects an object without changing it.apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1kind: ValidatingAdmissionPolicymetadata (ObjectMeta)Standard object metadata; More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#metadata.spec (ValidatingAdmissionPolicySpec)Specification of the desired behavior of the ValidatingAdmissionPolicy.ValidatingAdmissionPolicySpec is the specification of the desired behavior of the AdmissionPolicy.spec.auditAnnotations ([]AuditAnnotation)Atomic: will be replaced during a mergeauditAnnotations contains CEL expressions which are used to produce audit annotations for the audit event of the API request. validations and auditAnnotations may not both be empty; a least one of validations or auditAnnotations is required.AuditAnnotation describes how to produce an audit annotation for an API request.spec.auditAnnotations.key (string), requiredkey specifies the audit annotation key. The audit annotation keys of a ValidatingAdmissionPolicy must be unique. The key must be a qualified name ([A-Za-z0-9][-A-Za-z0-9_.]*) no more than 63 bytes in length.The key is combined with the resource name of the ValidatingAdmissionPolicy to construct an audit annotation key: "{ValidatingAdmissionPolicy name}/{key}".If an admission webhook uses the same resource name as this ValidatingAdmissionPolicy and the same audit annotation key, the annotation key will be identical. In this case, the first annotation written with the key will be included in the audit event and all subsequent annotations with the same key will be discarded.Required.spec.auditAnnotations.valueExpression (string), requiredvalueExpression represents the expression which is evaluated by CEL to produce an audit annotation value. The expression must evaluate to either a string or null value. If the expression evaluates to a string, the audit annotation is included with the string value. If the expression evaluates to null or empty string the audit annotation will be omitted. The valueExpression may be no longer than 5kb in length. If the result of the valueExpression is more than 10kb in length, it will be truncated to 10kb.If multiple ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding resources match an API request, then the valueExpression will be evaluated for each binding. All unique values produced by the valueExpressions will be joined together in a comma-separated list.Required.spec.failurePolicy (string)failurePolicy defines how to handle failures for the admission policy. Failures can occur from CEL expression parse errors, type check errors, runtime errors and invalid or mis-confi


Question: How does ValidatingAdmissionPolicy work?

Answer: ValidatingAdmissionPolicyValidatingAdmissionPolicy describes the definition of an admission validation policy that accepts or rejects an object without changing it.apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1import "k8s.io/api/admissionregistration/v1"ValidatingAdmissionPolicyValidatingAdmissionPolicy describes the definition of an admission validation policy that accepts or rejects an object without changing it.apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1kind: ValidatingAdmissionPolicymetadata (ObjectMeta)Standard object metadata; More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#metadata.spec (ValidatingAdmissionPolicySpec)Specification of the desired behavior of the ValidatingAdmissionPolicy.ValidatingAdmissionPolicySpec is the specification of the desired behavior of the AdmissionPolicy.spec.auditAnnotations ([]AuditAnnotation)Atomic: will be replaced during a mergeauditAnnotations contains CEL expressions which are used to produce audit annotations for the audit event of the API request. validations and auditAnnotations may not both be empty; a least one of validations or auditAnnotations is required.AuditAnnotation describes how to produce an audit annotation for an API request.spec.auditAnnotations.key (string), requiredkey specifies the audit annotation key. The audit annotation keys of a ValidatingAdmissionPolicy must be unique. The key must be a qualified name ([A-Za-z0-9][-A-Za-z0-9_.]*) no more than 63 bytes in length.The key is combined with the resource name of the ValidatingAdmissionPolicy to construct an audit annotation key: "{ValidatingAdmissionPolicy name}/{key}".If an admission webhook uses the same resource name as this ValidatingAdmissionPolicy and the same audit annotation key, the annotation key will be identical. In this case, the first annotation written with the key will be included in the audit event and all subsequent annotations with the same key will be discarded.Required.spec.auditAnnotations.valueExpression (string), requiredvalueExpression represents the expression which is evaluated by CEL to produce an audit annotation value. The expression must evaluate to either a string or null value. If the expression evaluates to a string, the audit annotation is included with the string value. If the expression evaluates to null or empty string the audit annotation will be omitted. The valueExpression may be no longer than 5kb in length. If the result of the valueExpression is more than 10kb in length, it will be truncated to 10kb.If multiple ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding resources match an API request, then the valueExpression will be evaluated for each binding. All unique values produced by the valueExpressions will be joined together in a comma-separated list.Required.spec.failurePolicy (string)failurePolicy defines how to handle failures for the admission policy. Failures can occur from CEL expression parse errors, type check errors, runtime errors and invalid or mis-confi


Question: When would you use ValidatingAdmissionPolicy?

Answer: ValidatingAdmissionPolicyValidatingAdmissionPolicy describes the definition of an admission validation policy that accepts or rejects an object without changing it.apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1import "k8s.io/api/admissionregistration/v1"ValidatingAdmissionPolicyValidatingAdmissionPolicy describes the definition of an admission validation policy that accepts or rejects an object without changing it.apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1kind: ValidatingAdmissionPolicymetadata (ObjectMeta)Standard object metadata; More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#metadata.spec (ValidatingAdmissionPolicySpec)Specification of the desired behavior of the ValidatingAdmissionPolicy.ValidatingAdmissionPolicySpec is the specification of the desired behavior of the AdmissionPolicy.spec.auditAnnotations ([]AuditAnnotation)Atomic: will be replaced during a mergeauditAnnotations contains CEL expressions which are used to produce audit annotations for the audit event of the API request. validations and auditAnnotations may not both be empty; a least one of validations or auditAnnotations is required.AuditAnnotation describes how to produce an audit annotation for an API request.spec.auditAnnotations.key (string), requiredkey specifies the audit annotation key. The audit annotation keys of a ValidatingAdmissionPolicy must be unique. The key must be a qualified name ([A-Za-z0-9][-A-Za-z0-9_.]*) no more than 63 bytes in length.The key is combined with the resource name of the ValidatingAdmissionPolicy to construct an audit annotation key: "{ValidatingAdmissionPolicy name}/{key}".If an admission webhook uses the same resource name as this ValidatingAdmissionPolicy and the same audit annotation key, the annotation key will be identical. In this case, the first annotation written with the key will be included in the audit event and all subsequent annotations with the same key will be discarded.Required.spec.auditAnnotations.valueExpression (string), requiredvalueExpression represents the expression which is evaluated by CEL to produce an audit annotation value. The expression must evaluate to either a string or null value. If the expression evaluates to a string, the audit annotation is included with the string value. If the expression evaluates to null or empty string the audit annotation will be omitted. The valueExpression may be no longer than 5kb in length. If the result of the valueExpression is more than 10kb in length, it will be truncated to 10kb.If multiple ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding resources match an API request, then the valueExpression will be evaluated for each binding. All unique values produced by the valueExpressions will be joined together in a comma-separated list.Required.spec.failurePolicy (string)failurePolicy defines how to handle failures for the admission policy. Failures can occur from CEL expression parse errors, type check errors, runtime errors and invalid or mis-confi


Question: What are the benefits of ValidatingAdmissionPolicy?

Answer: ValidatingAdmissionPolicyValidatingAdmissionPolicy describes the definition of an admission validation policy that accepts or rejects an object without changing it.apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1import "k8s.io/api/admissionregistration/v1"ValidatingAdmissionPolicyValidatingAdmissionPolicy describes the definition of an admission validation policy that accepts or rejects an object without changing it.apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1kind: ValidatingAdmissionPolicymetadata (ObjectMeta)Standard object metadata; More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#metadata.spec (ValidatingAdmissionPolicySpec)Specification of the desired behavior of the ValidatingAdmissionPolicy.ValidatingAdmissionPolicySpec is the specification of the desired behavior of the AdmissionPolicy.spec.auditAnnotations ([]AuditAnnotation)Atomic: will be replaced during a mergeauditAnnotations contains CEL expressions which are used to produce audit annotations for the audit event of the API request. validations and auditAnnotations may not both be empty; a least one of validations or auditAnnotations is required.AuditAnnotation describes how to produce an audit annotation for an API request.spec.auditAnnotations.key (string), requiredkey specifies the audit annotation key. The audit annotation keys of a ValidatingAdmissionPolicy must be unique. The key must be a qualified name ([A-Za-z0-9][-A-Za-z0-9_.]*) no more than 63 bytes in length.The key is combined with the resource name of the ValidatingAdmissionPolicy to construct an audit annotation key: "{ValidatingAdmissionPolicy name}/{key}".If an admission webhook uses the same resource name as this ValidatingAdmissionPolicy and the same audit annotation key, the annotation key will be identical. In this case, the first annotation written with the key will be included in the audit event and all subsequent annotations with the same key will be discarded.Required.spec.auditAnnotations.valueExpression (string), requiredvalueExpression represents the expression which is evaluated by CEL to produce an audit annotation value. The expression must evaluate to either a string or null value. If the expression evaluates to a string, the audit annotation is included with the string value. If the expression evaluates to null or empty string the audit annotation will be omitted. The valueExpression may be no longer than 5kb in length. If the result of the valueExpression is more than 10kb in length, it will be truncated to 10kb.If multiple ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding resources match an API request, then the valueExpression will be evaluated for each binding. All unique values produced by the valueExpressions will be joined together in a comma-separated list.Required.spec.failurePolicy (string)failurePolicy defines how to handle failures for the admission policy. Failures can occur from CEL expression parse errors, type check errors, runtime errors and invalid or mis-confi


Question: What is ValidatingAdmissionPolicy?

Answer: a p i V e r s i o n :   a d m i s s i o n r e g i s t r a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1   i m p o r t   " k 8 s . i o / a p i / a d m i s s i o n r e g i s t r a t i o n / v 1 "


Question: What is ValidatingAdmissionPolicy?

Answer: V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y   d e s c r i b e s   t h e   d e f i n i t i o n   o f   a n   a d m i s s i o n   v a l i d a t i o n   p o l i c y   t h a t   a c c e p t s   o r   r e j e c t s   a n   o b j e c t   w i t h o u t   c h a n g i n g   i t .   a p i V e r s i o n :   a d m i s s i o n r e g i s t r a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 k i n d :   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y m e t a d a t a   ( O b j e c t M e t a ) S t a n d a r d   o b j e c t   m e t a d a t a ;   M o r e   i n f o :   h t t p s : / / g i t . k 8 s . i o / c o m m u n i t y / c o n t r i b u t o r s / d e v e l / s i g - a r c h i t e c t u r e / a p i - c o n v e n t i o n s . m d # m e t a d a t a . s p e c   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y S p e c ) S p e c i f i c a t i o n   o f   t h e   d e s i r e d   b e h a v i o r   o f   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y . V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y S p e c   i s   t h e   s p e c i f i c a t i o n   o f   t h e   d e s i r e d   b e h a v i o r   o f   t h e   A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y . s p e c . a u d i t A n n o t a t i o n s   ( [ ] A u d i t A n n o t a t i o n ) A t o m i c :   w i l l   b e   r e p l a c e d   d u r i n g   a   m e r g e a u d i t A n n o t a t i o n s   c o n t a i n s   C E L   e x p r e s s i o n s   w h i c h   a r e   u s e d   t o   p r o d u c e   a u d i t   a n n o t a t i o n s   f o r   t h e   a u d i t   e v e n t   o f   t h e   A P I   r e q u e s t .   v a l i d a t i o n s   a n d   a u d i t A n n o t a t i o n s   m a y   n o t   b o t h   b e   e m p t y ;   a   l e a s t   o n e   o f   v a l i d a t i o n s   o r   a u d i t A n n o t a t i o n s   i s   r e q u i r e d . A u d i t A n n o t a t i o n   d e s c r i b e s   h o w   t o   p r o d u c e   a n   a u d i t   a n n o t a t i o n   f o r   a n   A P I   r e q u e s t . s p e c . a u d i t A n n o t a t i o n s . k e y   ( s t


Question: What is ValidatingAdmissionPolicyList?

Answer: V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y L i s t   i s   a   l i s t   o f   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y .   i t e m s   ( [ ] V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y ) ,   r e q u i r e d L i s t   o f   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y . a p i V e r s i o n   ( s t r i n g ) A P I V e r s i o n   d e f i n e s   t h e   v e r s i o n e d   s c h e m a   o f   t h i s   r e p r e s e n t a t i o n   o f   a n   o b j e c t .   S e r v e r s   s h o u l d   c o n v e r t   r e c o g n i z e d   s c h e m a s   t o   t h e   l a t e s t   i n t e r n a l   v a l u e ,   a n d   m a y   r e j e c t   u n r e c o g n i z e d   v a l u e s .   M o r e   i n f o :   h t t p s : / / g i t . k 8 s . i o / c o m m u n i t y / c o n t r i b u t o r s / d e v e l / s i g - a r c h i t e c t u r e / a p i - c o n v e n t i o n s . m d # r e s o u r c e s k i n d   ( s t r i n g ) K i n d   i s   a   s t r i n g   v a l u e   r e p r e s e n t i n g   t h e   R E S T   r e s o u r c e   t h i s   o b j e c t   r e p r e s e n t s .   S e r v e r s   m a y   i n f e r   t h i s   f r o m   t h e   e n d p o i n t   t h e   c l i e n t   s u b m i t s   r e q u e s t s   t o .   C a n n o t   b e   u p d a t e d .   I n   C a m e l C a s e .   M o r e   i n f o :   h t t p s : / / g i t . k 8 s . i o / c o m m u n i t y / c o n t r i b u t o r s / d e v e l / s i g - a r c h i t e c t u r e / a p i - c o n v e n t i o n s . m d # t y p e s - k i n d s m e t a d a t a   ( L i s t M e t a ) S t a n d a r d   l i s t   m e t a d a t a .   M o r e   i n f o :   h t t p s : / / g i t . k 8 s . i o / c o m m u n i t y / c o n t r i b u t o r s / d e v e l / s i g - a r c h i t e c t u r e / a p i - c o n v e n t i o n s . m d # t y p e s - k i n d s   i t e m s   ( [ ] V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y ) ,   r e q u i r e d   L i s t   o f   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y .   a p i V e r s i o


Question: What is ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding?

Answer: V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g   b i n d s   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y   w i t h   p a r a m e r i z e d   r e s o u r c e s .   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y B i n d i n g   a n d   p a r a m e t e r   C R D s   t o g e t h e r   d e f i n e   h o w   c l u s t e r   a d m i n i s t r a t o r s   c o n f i g u r e   p o l i c i e s   f o r   c l u s t e r s .   F o r   a   g i v e n   a d m i s s i o n   r e q u e s t ,   e a c h   b i n d i n g   w i l l   c a u s e   i t s   p o l i c y   t o   b e   e v a l u a t e d   N   t i m e s ,   w h e r e   N   i s   1   f o r   p o l i c i e s / b i n d i n g s   t h a t   d o n ' t   u s e   p a r a m s ,   o t h e r w i s e   N   i s   t h e   n u m b e r   o f   p a r a m e t e r s   s e l e c t e d   b y   t h e   b i n d i n g .   T h e   C E L   e x p r e s s i o n s   o f   a   p o l i c y   m u s t   h a v e   a   c o m p u t e d   C E L   c o s t   b e l o w   t h e   m a x i m u m   C E L   b u d g e t .   E a c h   e v a l u a t i o n   o f   t h e   p o l i c y   i s   g i v e n   a n   i n d e p e n d e n t   C E L   c o s t   b u d g e t .   A d d i n g / r e m o v i n g   p o l i c i e s ,   b i n d i n g s ,   o r   p a r a m s   c a n   n o t   a f f e c t   w h e t h e r   a   g i v e n   ( p o l i c y ,   b i n d i n g ,   p a r a m )   c o m b i n a t i o n   i s   w i t h i n   i t s   o w n   C E L   b u d g e t .   a p i V e r s i o n   ( s t r i n g ) A P I V e r s i o n   d e f i n e s   t h e   v e r s i o n e d   s c h e m a   o f   t h i s   r e p r e s e n t a t i o n   o f   a n   o b j e c t .   S e r v e r s   s h o u l d   c o n v e r t   r e c o g n i z e d   s c h e m a s   t o   t h e   l a t e s t   i n t e r n a l   v a l u e ,   a n d   m a y   r e j e c t   u n r e c o g n i z e d   v a l u e s .   M o r e   i n f o :   h t t p s : / / g i t . k 8 s . i o / c o m m u n i t y / c o n t r i b u t o


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: G E T   / a p i s / a d m i s s i o n r e g i s t r a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / v a l i d a t i n g a d m i s s i o n p o l i c i e s / { n a m e }


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y ) :   O K   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: G E T   / a p i s / a d m i s s i o n r e g i s t r a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / v a l i d a t i n g a d m i s s i o n p o l i c i e s / { n a m e } / s t a t u s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y ) :   O K   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: G E T   / a p i s / a d m i s s i o n r e g i s t r a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / v a l i d a t i n g a d m i s s i o n p o l i c i e s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g c o n t i n u e f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d S e l e c t o r l a b e l S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g l a b e l S e l e c t o r l i m i t   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r l i m i t p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r t i m e o u t S e c o n d s w a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n w a t c h   a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   a l l o w W a t c h B o o k m a r k s   c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   c o n t i n u e   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   l a b e l S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   l a b e l S e l e c t o r   l i m i t   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r   l i m i t   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r   t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   w a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   w a t c h


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y L i s t ) :   O K   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: P O S T   / a p i s / a d m i s s i o n r e g i s t r a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / v a l i d a t i n g a d m i s s i o n p o l i c i e s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: b o d y :   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y ,   r e q u i r e d d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d M a n a g e r f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   b o d y :   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y ,   r e q u i r e d   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d M a n a g e r   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y ) :   O K   2 0 1   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y ) :   C r e a t e d   2 0 2   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y ) :   A c c e p t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: P U T   / a p i s / a d m i s s i o n r e g i s t r a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / v a l i d a t i n g a d m i s s i o n p o l i c i e s / { n a m e }


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y b o d y :   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y ,   r e q u i r e d d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d M a n a g e r f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y   b o d y :   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y ,   r e q u i r e d   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d M a n a g e r   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y ) :   O K   2 0 1   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y ) :   C r e a t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: P U T   / a p i s / a d m i s s i o n r e g i s t r a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / v a l i d a t i n g a d m i s s i o n p o l i c i e s / { n a m e } / s t a t u s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y b o d y :   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y ,   r e q u i r e d d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d M a n a g e r f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y   b o d y :   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y ,   r e q u i r e d   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d M a n a g e r   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y ) :   O K   2 0 1   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y ) :   C r e a t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: P A T C H   / a p i s / a d m i s s i o n r e g i s t r a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / v a l i d a t i n g a d m i s s i o n p o l i c i e s / { n a m e }


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y b o d y :   P a t c h ,   r e q u i r e d d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d M a n a g e r f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n f o r c e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n f o r c e p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y   b o d y :   P a t c h ,   r e q u i r e d   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d M a n a g e r   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   f o r c e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   f o r c e   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y ) :   O K   2 0 1   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y ) :   C r e a t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: P A T C H   / a p i s / a d m i s s i o n r e g i s t r a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / v a l i d a t i n g a d m i s s i o n p o l i c i e s / { n a m e } / s t a t u s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y b o d y :   P a t c h ,   r e q u i r e d d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d M a n a g e r f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n f o r c e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n f o r c e p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y   b o d y :   P a t c h ,   r e q u i r e d   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d M a n a g e r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d M a n a g e r   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d V a l i d a t i o n   f o r c e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   f o r c e   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y ) :   O K   2 0 1   ( V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y ) :   C r e a t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: D E L E T E   / a p i s / a d m i s s i o n r e g i s t r a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / v a l i d a t i n g a d m i s s i o n p o l i c i e s / { n a m e }


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d n a m e   o f   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y b o d y :   D e l e t e O p t i o n s d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y   n a m e   ( i n   p a t h ) :   s t r i n g ,   r e q u i r e d   n a m e   o f   t h e   V a l i d a t i n g A d m i s s i o n P o l i c y   b o d y :   D e l e t e O p t i o n s   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r   g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l   p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r e t t y   p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( S t a t u s ) :   O K   2 0 2   ( S t a t u s ) :   A c c e p t e d   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d


Question: What is HTTP Request?

Answer: D E L E T E   / a p i s / a d m i s s i o n r e g i s t r a t i o n . k 8 s . i o / v 1 / v a l i d a t i n g a d m i s s i o n p o l i c i e s


Question: What is Parameters?

Answer: b o d y :   D e l e t e O p t i o n s c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g c o n t i n u e d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g d r y R u n f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g f i e l d S e l e c t o r g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l l a b e l S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g l a b e l S e l e c t o r l i m i t   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r l i m i t p r e t t y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r e t t y p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g p r o p a g a t i o n P o l i c y r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g r e s o u r c e V e r s i o n M a t c h s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n s e n d I n i t i a l E v e n t s t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r t i m e o u t S e c o n d s   b o d y :   D e l e t e O p t i o n s   c o n t i n u e   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   c o n t i n u e   d r y R u n   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   d r y R u n   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   s t r i n g   f i e l d S e l e c t o r   g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   i n t e g e r   g r a c e P e r i o d S e c o n d s   i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l   ( i n   q u e r y ) :   b o o l e a n   i g n o r e S t o r e R e a d E r r o r W i t h C l u s t e r B r e a k i n g P o t e n t i a l   l a b e l S e l e c t o r   (


Question: What is Response?

Answer: 2 0 0   ( S t a t u s ) :   O K   4 0 1 :   U n a u t h o r i z e d   T h i s   p a g e   i s   a u t o m a t i c a l l y   g e n e r a t e d .   I f   y o u   p l a n   t o   r e p o r t   a n   i s s u e   w i t h   t h i s   p a g e ,   m e n t i o n   t h a t   t h e   p a g e   i s   a u t o - g e n e r a t e d   i n   y o u r   i s s u e   d e s c r i p t i o n .   T h e   f i x   m a y   n e e d   t o   h a p p e n   e l s e w h e r e   i n   t h e   K u b e r n e t e s   p r o j e c t .


Question: What is kubectl?

Answer: kubectlSynopsiskubectl controls the Kubernetes cluster manager.Find more information in Command line tool (kubectl).kubectl [flags] Options--add-dir-headerIf true, adds the file directory to the header of the log messages--alsologtostderrlog to standard error as well as files--as stringUsername to impersonate for the operation--as-group stringArrayGroup to impersonate for the operation, this flag can be repeated to specify multiple groups.--azure-container-registry-config stringPath to the file containing Azure container registry configuration information.--cache-dir string Default: "$HOME/.kube/cache"Default cache directory--certificate-authority stringPath to a cert file for the certificate authority--client-certificate stringPath to a client certificate file for TLS--client-key stringPath to a client key file for TLS--cloud-provider-gce-l7lb-src-cidrs cidrs Default: 130.211.0.0/22,35.191.0.0/16CIDRs opened in GCE firewall for L7 LB traffic proxy & health checks--cloud-provider-gce-lb-src-cidrs cidrs Default: 130.211.0.0/22,209.85.152.0/22,209.85.204.0/22,35.191.0.0/16CIDRs opened in GCE firewall for L4 LB traffic proxy & health checks--cluster stringThe name of the kubeconfig cluster to use--context stringThe name of the kubeconfig context to use--default-not-ready-toleration-seconds int Default: 300Indicates the tolerationSeconds of the toleration for notReady:NoExecute that is added by default to every pod that does not already have such a toleration.--default-unreachable-toleration-seconds int Default: 300Indicates the tolerationSeconds of the toleration for unreachable:NoExecute that is added by default to every pod that does not already have such a toleration.-h, --helphelp for kubectl--insecure-skip-tls-verifyIf true, the server's certificate will not be checked for validity. This will make your HTTPS connections insecure--kubeconfig stringPath to the kubeconfig file to use for CLI requests.--log-backtrace-at traceLocation Default: :0when logging hits line file:N, emit a stack trace--log-dir stringIf non-empty, write log files in this directory--log-file stringIf non-empty, use this log file--log-file-max-size uint Default: 1800Defines the maximum size a log file can grow to. Unit is megabytes. If the value is 0, the maximum file size is unlimited.--log-flush-frequency duration Default: 5sMaximum number of seconds between log flushes--logtostderr Default: truelog to standard error instead of files--match-server-versionRequire server version to match client version-n, --namespace stringIf present, the namespace scope for this CLI request--one-outputIf true, only write logs to their native severity level (vs also writing to each lower severity level)--password stringPassword for basic authentication to the API server--profile string Default: "none"Name of profile to capture. One of (none|cpu|heap|goroutine|threadcreate|block|mutex)--profile-output string Default: "profile.pprof"Name of the file to write the profile to--request-timeout stri


Question: How does kubectl work?

Answer: kubectlSynopsiskubectl controls the Kubernetes cluster manager.Find more information in Command line tool (kubectl).kubectl [flags] Options--add-dir-headerIf true, adds the file directory to the header of the log messages--alsologtostderrlog to standard error as well as files--as stringUsername to impersonate for the operation--as-group stringArrayGroup to impersonate for the operation, this flag can be repeated to specify multiple groups.--azure-container-registry-config stringPath to the file containing Azure container registry configuration information.--cache-dir string Default: "$HOME/.kube/cache"Default cache directory--certificate-authority stringPath to a cert file for the certificate authority--client-certificate stringPath to a client certificate file for TLS--client-key stringPath to a client key file for TLS--cloud-provider-gce-l7lb-src-cidrs cidrs Default: 130.211.0.0/22,35.191.0.0/16CIDRs opened in GCE firewall for L7 LB traffic proxy & health checks--cloud-provider-gce-lb-src-cidrs cidrs Default: 130.211.0.0/22,209.85.152.0/22,209.85.204.0/22,35.191.0.0/16CIDRs opened in GCE firewall for L4 LB traffic proxy & health checks--cluster stringThe name of the kubeconfig cluster to use--context stringThe name of the kubeconfig context to use--default-not-ready-toleration-seconds int Default: 300Indicates the tolerationSeconds of the toleration for notReady:NoExecute that is added by default to every pod that does not already have such a toleration.--default-unreachable-toleration-seconds int Default: 300Indicates the tolerationSeconds of the toleration for unreachable:NoExecute that is added by default to every pod that does not already have such a toleration.-h, --helphelp for kubectl--insecure-skip-tls-verifyIf true, the server's certificate will not be checked for validity. This will make your HTTPS connections insecure--kubeconfig stringPath to the kubeconfig file to use for CLI requests.--log-backtrace-at traceLocation Default: :0when logging hits line file:N, emit a stack trace--log-dir stringIf non-empty, write log files in this directory--log-file stringIf non-empty, use this log file--log-file-max-size uint Default: 1800Defines the maximum size a log file can grow to. Unit is megabytes. If the value is 0, the maximum file size is unlimited.--log-flush-frequency duration Default: 5sMaximum number of seconds between log flushes--logtostderr Default: truelog to standard error instead of files--match-server-versionRequire server version to match client version-n, --namespace stringIf present, the namespace scope for this CLI request--one-outputIf true, only write logs to their native severity level (vs also writing to each lower severity level)--password stringPassword for basic authentication to the API server--profile string Default: "none"Name of profile to capture. One of (none|cpu|heap|goroutine|threadcreate|block|mutex)--profile-output string Default: "profile.pprof"Name of the file to write the profile to--request-timeout stri