I. Introduction

II. An Overview of Metaverse

III. Threats and Countermeasures

IV. Threats and Countermeasures to Data Management in Metaverse

V. Privacy Threats and Countermeasures in Metaverse

VI. Network-Related Threats and Countermeasures in Metaverse

VII. Economy-Related Threats and Countermeasures in Metaverse

VIII. Threats to Physical World and Human Society and Countermeasures in Metaverse

IX. Governance-Related Threats and Countermeasures in Metaverse

X. Future Research Directions

XI. Conclusion