1 Introduction  
2 A Taxonomy for Data Selection  
3 Data Selection for Pretraining  
4 Data Selection for Instruction-Tuning and Multitask Training  
5 Data Selection for Preference Fine-Tuning: Alignment  
6 Data Selection for In-Context Learning  
7 Data Selection for Task-Specific Fine-Tuning  
8 Data Selection for Other Domains  
9 Related Topics  
10 Discussion  
11 Future Directions: Challenges and Opportunities  
12 Conclusion  