I. INTRODUCTION  
II. BASIC CONCEPTS  
III. GEOSPATIAL DATA  
IV. GEOSPATIAL DATA MINING  
V. ADVANCEMENT ON PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES: LLM  
VI. GBD APPLICATION SCENARIO I: URBAN MANAGEMENT  
VII. GBD APPLICATION SCENARIO II: ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY  
VIII. OPEN CHALLENGES  
IX. FUTURE DIRECTIONS  
X. CONCLUSIONS