1 INTRODUCTION  

2 SOCIAL MEDIA AS AN INFORMATION SOURCE: CHALLENGES POSED BY RUMOURS  

3 DATA COLLECTION AND ANNOTATION  

4 CHARACTERIZING RUMOURS: UNDERSTANDING RUMOUR DIFFUSION AND FEATURES  

5 RUMOUR CLASSIFICATION: SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE  

6 RUMOUR DETECTION  

7 RUMOUR TRACKING  

8 RUMOUR STANCE CLASSIFICATION  

9 RUMOUR VERACITY CLASSIFICATION  

10 APPLICATIONS  

11 DISCUSSION: SUMMARY AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS