1. Introduction  
2. The Particle Swarm Optimization: Historical Overview  
3. Working Mechanism of the Canonical PSO  
4. Perspectives on Development  
5. Niche Formation and Multi-Objective Optimization  
6. Discrete Hyperspace Optimization  
7. Ensemble Particle Swarm Optimization  
8. Notes on Benchmark Solution Quality and Performance Comparison Practices  
9. Future Directions