1 Introduction

2 Preliminaries

3 Threat Scenarios for LLMs

4 The Risks and Countermeasures of Pre-training LLMs

5 The Risks and Countermeasures of Fine-tuning LLMs

6 The Risks and Countermeasures of RAG system

7 The Risks and Countermeasures of Deploying LLMs

8 The Risks of Deploying LLM-based Agents

9 Further work and discussion

10 Conclusion